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Nagata M, Chu AKY, Ono N, Welch JD, Ono W. Single-Cell Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals Developmental Relationships and Specific Markers of Mouse Periodontium Cellular Subsets. FRONTIERS IN DENTAL MEDICINE 2021; 2. [PMID: 34966906 PMCID: PMC8713353 DOI: 10.3389/fdmed.2021.679937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The periodontium is essential for supporting the functionality of the tooth, composed of diversity of mineralized and non-mineralized tissues such as the cementum, the periodontal ligament (PDL) and the alveolar bone. The periodontium is developmentally derived from the dental follicle (DF), a fibrous tissue surrounding the developing tooth bud. We previously showed through in vivo lineage-tracing experiments that DF contains mesenchymal progenitor cells expressing parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP), which give rise to cells forming the periodontal attachment apparatus in a manner regulated by autocrine signaling through the PTH/PTHrP receptor. However, the developmental relationships between PTHrP+ DF cells and diverse cell populations constituting the periodontium remain undefined. Here, we performed single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) analyses of cells in the periodontium by integrating the two datasets, i.e. PTHrP-mCherry+ DF cells at P6 and 2.3kb Col1a1 promoter-driven GFP+ periodontal cells at P25 that include descendants of PTHrP+ DF cells, cementoblasts, osteoblasts and periodontal ligament cells. This integrative scRNA-seq analysis revealed heterogeneity of cells of the periodontium and their cell type-specific markers, as well as their relationships with DF cells. Most importantly, our analysis identified a cementoblast-specific metagene that discriminate cementoblasts from alveolar bone osteoblasts, including Pthlh (encoding PTHrP) and Tubb3. RNA velocity analysis indicated that cementoblasts were directly derived from PTHrP+ DF cells in the early developmental stage and did not interconvert with other cell types. Further, CellPhoneDB cell-cell communication analysis indicated that PTHrP derived from cementoblasts acts on diversity of cells in the periodontium in an autocrine and paracrine manner. Collectively, our findings provide insights into the lineage hierarchy and intercellular interactions of cells in the periodontium at a single-cell level, aiding to understand cellular and molecular basis of periodontal tissue formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mizuki Nagata
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Dentistry, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Angel Ka Yan Chu
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Noriaki Ono
- Department of Diagnostic & Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Dentistry, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Joshua D Welch
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Wanida Ono
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Dentistry, Houston, TX, United States
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52
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Omatsu Y, Higaki K, Nagasawa T. Cellular Niches for Hematopoietic Stem Cells and Lympho-Hematopoiesis in Bone Marrow During Homeostasis and Blood Cancers. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2021; 434:33-54. [PMID: 34850281 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-86016-5_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Most types of blood cells, including immune cells are generated from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) within bone marrow in the adult. Most HSCs are in contact with and require the special microenvironment known as a niche for their maintenance. It has been thought that HSC niches comprise various types of support cells that provide critical signals, including cytokines and extracellular matrix for HSC regulation. However, among these cells, several lines of evidence have demonstrated that the population of bone marrow-specific mesenchymal stem cells, termed CXC chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12)-abundant reticular (CAR) cells, which overlap strongly with leptin receptor-expressing (LepR+) cells, is the major cellular component of HSC niches. CAR/LepR+ cells give rise to most adipocytes and osteoblasts in adult bone marrow and express much higher levels of HSC niche factors, including cytokines CXCL12 and stem cell factor (SCF), which are essential for HSC maintenance, and transcription factors Foxc1 and Ebf3, which are essential for the formation and maintenance of HSC niches than other types of cells. CAR/LepR+ cells are present in human bone marrow, undergo fibrotic expansion, and have reduced expression of HSC niche factors in hematopoietic malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiki Omatsu
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Developmental Immunology, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences and Graduate School of Medicine, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kei Higaki
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Developmental Immunology, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences and Graduate School of Medicine, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takashi Nagasawa
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Developmental Immunology, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences and Graduate School of Medicine, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Osaka, Japan.
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53
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Omatsu Y, Nagasawa T. Identification of microenvironmental niches for hematopoietic stem cells and lymphoid progenitors-bone marrow fibroblastic reticular cells with salient features. Int Immunol 2021; 33:821-826. [PMID: 34668936 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxab092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Most lineages of blood cells, including immune cells are generated from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in bone marrow throughout adult life. Since HSCs cannot expand on their own, they require and contact the special microenvironments, termed niches for their maintenance. HSC niches comprise supportive cells that provide adjacent HSCs with critical signals, including cytokines. Although bone marrow microenvironments have been thought to be complex, recent studies have demonstrated that the bone marrow-specific population of fibroblastic reticular cells with long processes, termed CXC chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12)-abundant reticular (CAR) cells, which overlap strongly with leptin receptor (LepR)-expressing (LepR +) cells, is the major cellular component of niches for HSCs and lymphoid progenitors. CAR cells have salient features, expressing much higher levels of critical HSC niche factors than any other cell populations and function as self-renewing mesenchymal stem cells. Human counterpart of CAR cells is present and affected in diseases, including leukemia. Foxl1 + telocytes recently identified as the niche for intestinal stem cells share some features with CAR cells, suggesting that CAR cells are prototypical fibroblastic reticular cells creating niche for long-lived cells, including tissue stem cells and memory lymphocytes. These findings provided the basis for future mechanistic studies on the crosstalk between hematopoietic cells and microenvironments in both health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiki Omatsu
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Developmental Immunology, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences and Graduate School of Medicine, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takashi Nagasawa
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Developmental Immunology, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences and Graduate School of Medicine, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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54
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Shu HS, Liu YL, Tang XT, Zhang XS, Zhou B, Zou W, Zhou BO. Tracing the skeletal progenitor transition during postnatal bone formation. Cell Stem Cell 2021; 28:2122-2136.e3. [PMID: 34499868 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2021.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Multiple distinct types of skeletal progenitors have been shown to contribute to endochondral bone development and maintenance. However, the division of labor and hierarchical relationship between different progenitor populations remain undetermined. Here we developed dual-recombinase fate-mapping systems to capture the skeletal progenitor transition during postnatal bone formation. We showed that postnatal osteoblasts arose primarily from chondrocytes before adolescence and from Lepr+ bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) after adolescence. This transition occurred in the diaphysis during adolescence and progressively spread to the metaphysis. The osteoblast-forming Lepr+ BMSCs derived primarily from fetal Col2+ cells. Conditional deletion of Runx2 from perinatal chondrocytes and adult Lepr+ BMSCs impaired bone lengthening and thickening, respectively. Forced running increased osteoblast formation by perinatal chondrocytes but not by adult Lepr+ BMSCs. Thus, the short-term developmental skeletal progenitors generated the long-term adult skeletal progenitors. They sequentially control the growth and maintenance of endochondral bones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Sophie Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yiming Liam Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xinyu Thomas Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xinyi Shirley Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Bin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Weiguo Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Bo O Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin 300020, China.
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55
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Agas D, Sabbieti MG. Autophagic Mediators in Bone Marrow Niche Homeostasis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1376:61-75. [PMID: 34480334 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2021_666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The bone marrow serves as a reservoir for a multifunctional assortment of stem, progenitor, and mature cells, located in functional anatomical micro-areas termed niches. Within the niche, hematopoietic and mesenchymal progenies establish a symbiotic relationship characterized by interdependency and interconnectedness. The fine-tuned physical and molecular interactions that occur in the niches guarantee physiological bone turnover, blood cell maturation and egression, and moderation of inflammatory and oxidative intramural stressful conditions. The disruption of bone marrow niche integrity causes severe local and systemic pathological settings, and thus bone marrow inhabitants have been the object of extensive study. In this context, research has revealed the importance of the autophagic apparatus for niche homeostatic maintenance. Archetypal autophagic players such as the p62 and the Atg family proteins have been found to exert a variety of actions, some autophagy-related and others not; they moderate the essential features of mesenchymal and hematopoietic stem cells and switch their operational schedules. This chapter focuses on our current understanding of bone marrow functionality and the role of the executive autophagic apparatus in the niche framework. Autophagic mediators such as p62 and Atg7 are currently considered the most important orchestrators of stem and mature cell dynamics in the bone marrow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Agas
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, MC, Italy.
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56
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57
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Mizoguchi T, Ono N. The diverse origin of bone-forming osteoblasts. J Bone Miner Res 2021; 36:1432-1447. [PMID: 34213032 PMCID: PMC8338797 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Osteoblasts are the only cells that can give rise to bones in vertebrates. Thus, one of the most important functions of these metabolically active cells is mineralized matrix production. Because osteoblasts have a limited lifespan, they must be constantly replenished by preosteoblasts, their immediate precursors. Because disruption of the regulation of bone-forming osteoblasts results in a variety of bone diseases, a better understanding of the origin of these cells by defining the mechanisms of bone development, remodeling, and regeneration is central to the development of novel therapeutic approaches. In recent years, substantial new insights into the origin of osteoblasts-largely owing to rapid technological advances in murine lineage-tracing approaches and other single-cell technologies-have been obtained. Collectively, these findings indicate that osteoblasts involved in bone formation under various physiological, pathological, and therapeutic conditions can be obtained from numerous sources. The origins of osteoblasts include, but are not limited to, chondrocytes in the growth plate, stromal cells in the bone marrow, quiescent bone-lining cells on the bone surface, and specialized fibroblasts in the craniofacial structures, such as sutures and periodontal ligaments. Because osteoblasts can be generated from local cellular sources, bones can flexibly respond to regenerative and anabolic cues. However, whether osteoblasts derived from different cellular sources have distinct functions remains to be investigated. Currently, we are at the initial stage to aptly unravel the incredible diversity of the origins of bone-forming osteoblasts. © 2021 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Noriaki Ono
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Dentistry, Houston, TX, USA
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58
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Xu J, Wang Y, Gomez-Salazar MA, Hsu GCY, Negri S, Li Z, Hardy W, Ding L, Peault B, James AW. Bone-forming perivascular cells: Cellular heterogeneity and use for tissue repair. STEM CELLS (DAYTON, OHIO) 2021; 39:1427-1434. [PMID: 34252260 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal progenitor cells are broadly distributed across perivascular niches-an observation conserved between species. One common histologic zone with a high frequency of mesenchymal progenitor cells within mammalian tissues is the tunica adventitia, the outer layer of blood vessel walls populated by cells with a fibroblastic morphology. The diversity and functions of (re)generative cells present in this outermost perivascular niche are under intense investigation; we have reviewed herein our current knowledge of adventitial cell potential with a somewhat narrow focus on bone formation. Antigens of interest to functionally segregate adventicytes are discussed, including CD10, CD107a, aldehyde dehydrogenase isoforms, and CD140a among others. Purified adventicytes (such as CD10+ , CD107alow , and CD140a+ cells) have stronger osteogenic potential and promote bone formation in vivo. Recent bone tissue engineering applications of adventitial cells are also presented. A better understanding of perivascular progenitor cell subsets may represent a beneficial advance for future efforts in tissue repair and bioengineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Xu
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yiyun Wang
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | - Stefano Negri
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Zhao Li
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Winters Hardy
- UCLA and Orthopaedic Hospital Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and the Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Lijun Ding
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.,Clinical Center for Stem Cell Research, Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.,Center For Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Bruno Peault
- UCLA and Orthopaedic Hospital Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and the Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Center For Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Aaron W James
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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59
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Yao Y, Li F, Huang J, Jin J, Wang H. Leukemia stem cell-bone marrow microenvironment interplay in acute myeloid leukemia development. Exp Hematol Oncol 2021; 10:39. [PMID: 34246314 PMCID: PMC8272391 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-021-00233-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the advances in intensive chemotherapy regimens and targeted therapies, overall survival (OS) of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains unfavorable due to inevitable chemotherapy resistance and high relapse rate, which mainly caused by the persistence existence of leukemia stem cells (LSCs). Bone marrow microenvironment (BMM), the home of hematopoiesis, has been considered to play a crucial role in both hematopoiesis and leukemogenesis. When interrupted by the AML cells, a malignant BMM formed and thus provided a refuge for LSCs and protecting them from the cytotoxic effects of chemotherapy. In this review, we summarized the alterations in the bidirectional interplay between hematopoietic cells and BMM in the normal/AML hematopoietic environment, and pointed out the key role of these alterations in pathogenesis and chemotherapy resistance of AML. Finally, we focused on the current potential BMM-targeted strategies together with future prospects and challenges. Accordingly, while further research is necessary to elucidate the underlying mechanisms behind LSC–BMM interaction, targeting the interaction is perceived as a potential therapeutic strategy to eradicate LSCs and ultimately improve the outcome of AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyi Yao
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Hematopoietic Malignancy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Fenglin Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Hematopoietic Malignancy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiansong Huang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Hematopoietic Malignancy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Jin
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China. .,Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Hematopoietic Malignancy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China. .,Zhejiang Laboratory for Systems & Precision Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Huafeng Wang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China. .,Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Hematopoietic Malignancy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China. .,Zhejiang Laboratory for Systems & Precision Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
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60
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Ghosh J, El Koussa R, Mohamad SF, Liu J, Kacena MA, Srour EF. Cellular components of the hematopoietic niche and their regulation of hematopoietic stem cell function. Curr Opin Hematol 2021; 28:243-250. [PMID: 33966008 PMCID: PMC8169581 DOI: 10.1097/moh.0000000000000656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Development and functions of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) are regulated by multiple cellular components of the hematopoietic niche. Here we review the recent advances in studying the role of three such components -- osteoblasts, osteomacs, and megakaryocytes and how they interact with each other in the hematopoietic niche to regulate HSC. RECENT FINDINGS Recent advances in transgenic mice models, scRNA-seq, transcriptome profile, proteomics, and live animal imaging have revealed the location of HSC within the bone and signaling molecules required for the maintenance of the niche. Interaction between megakaryocytes, osteoblasts and osteomacs enhances hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC) function. Studies also revealed the niche as a dynamic entity that undergoes cellular and molecular changes in response to stress. Aging, which results in reduced HSC function, is associated with a decrease in endosteal niches and osteomacs as well as reduced HSC--megakaryocyte interactions. SUMMARY Novel approaches to study the cellular components of the niche and their interactions to regulate HSC development and functions provided key insights about molecules involved in the maintenance of the hematopoietic system. Furthermore, these studies began to build a more comprehensive model of cellular interactions and dynamics in the hematopoietic niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joydeep Ghosh
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Roy El Koussa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Safa F. Mohamad
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jianyun Liu
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Melissa A. Kacena
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Edward F. Srour
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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61
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Zhong L, Yao L, Seale P, Qin L. Marrow adipogenic lineage precursor: A new cellular component of marrow adipose tissue. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 35:101518. [PMID: 33812853 PMCID: PMC8440665 DOI: 10.1016/j.beem.2021.101518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells are a highly heterogenic cell population containing mesenchymal stem cells as well as other cell types. With the advance of single cell transcriptome analysis, several recent reports identified a prominent subpopulation of mesenchymal stromal cells that specifically express adipocyte markers but do not contain lipid droplets. We name this cell type marrow adipogenic lineage precursor, MALP, and consider it as a major cellular component of marrow adipose tissue. Here, we review the discovery of MALPs and summarize their unique features and regulatory roles in bone. We further discuss how these findings advance our understanding of bone remodeling, mesenchymal niche regulation of hematopoiesis, and marrow vasculature maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Zhong
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Lutian Yao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Patrick Seale
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Ling Qin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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62
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Niches that regulate stem cells and hematopoiesis in adult bone marrow. Dev Cell 2021; 56:1848-1860. [PMID: 34146467 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In mammals, hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) engage in hematopoiesis throughout adult life within the bone marrow, where they produce the mature cells necessary to maintain blood cell counts and immune function. In the bone marrow and spleen, HSCs are sustained in perivascular niches (microenvironments) associated with sinusoidal blood vessels-specialized veins found only in hematopoietic tissues. Endothelial cells and perivascular leptin receptor+ stromal cells produce the known factors required to maintain HSCs and many restricted progenitors in the bone marrow. Various other cells synthesize factors that maintain other restricted progenitors or modulate HSC or niche function. Recent studies identified new markers that resolve some of the heterogeneity among stromal cells and refine the localization of restricted progenitor niches. Other recent studies identified ways in which niches regulate HSC function and hematopoiesis beyond growth factors. We summarize the current understanding of hematopoietic niches, review recent progress, and identify important unresolved questions.
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63
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Matsushita Y, Chu AKY, Ono W, Welch JD, Ono N. Intercellular Interactions of an Adipogenic CXCL12-Expressing Stromal Cell Subset in Murine Bone Marrow. J Bone Miner Res 2021; 36:1145-1158. [PMID: 33651379 PMCID: PMC8605623 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Bone marrow houses a multifunctional stromal cell population expressing C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12), termed CXCL12-abundant reticular (CAR) cells, that regulates osteogenesis and adipogenesis. The quiescent pre-adipocyte-like subset of CXCL12+ stromal cells ("Adipo-CAR" cells) is localized to sinusoidal surfaces and particularly enriched for hematopoiesis-supporting cytokines. However, detailed characteristics of these CXCL12+ pre-adipocyte-like stromal cells and how they contribute to marrow adipogenesis remain largely unknown. Here we highlight CXCL12-dependent physical coupling with hematopoietic cells as a potential mechanism regulating the adipogenic potential of CXCL12+ stromal cells. Single-cell computational analyses of RNA velocity and cell signaling reveal that Adipo-CAR cells exuberantly communicate with hematopoietic cells through CXCL12-CXCR4 ligand-receptor interactions but do not interconvert with Osteo-CAR cells. Consistent with this computational prediction, a substantial fraction of Cxcl12-creER+ pre-adipocyte-like cells intertwines with hematopoietic cells in vivo and in single-cell preparation in a protease-sensitive manner. Deletion of CXCL12 in these cells using Col2a1-cre leads to a reduction of stromal-hematopoietic coupling and extensive marrow adipogenesis in adult bone marrow, which appears to involve direct conversion of CXCL12+ cells to lipid-laden marrow adipocytes without altering mesenchymal progenitor cell fates. Therefore, these findings suggest that CXCL12+ pre-adipocyte-like marrow stromal cells prevent their premature differentiation by maintaining physical coupling with hematopoietic cells in a CXCL12-dependent manner, highlighting a possible cell-non-autonomous mechanism that regulates marrow adipogenesis. © 2021 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Matsushita
- University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Angel Ka Yan Chu
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Wanida Ono
- University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Joshua D Welch
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Noriaki Ono
- University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Liu Y, Liu H, Meng Y, Zhang L. [Research progress of endogenous repair strategy in intervertebral disc]. ZHONGGUO XIU FU CHONG JIAN WAI KE ZA ZHI = ZHONGGUO XIUFU CHONGJIAN WAIKE ZAZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF REPARATIVE AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY 2021; 35:636-641. [PMID: 33998219 DOI: 10.7507/1002-1892.202012070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Objective To review the research progress of endogenous repair strategy (ERS) in intervertebral disc (IVD). Methods The domestic and foreign literature related to ERS in IVD in recent years was reviewed, and its characteristics, status, and prospect in the future were summarized. Results The key of ERS in IVD is to improve the vitality of stem/progenitor cells in IVD or promote its migration from stem cell Niche to the tissue that need to repair. These stem/progenitor cells in IVD are derived from nucleus pulposus, annulus fibrosus, and cartilaginous endplate, showing similar biological characteristics to mesenchymal stem cells including the expression of the specific stem/progenitor cell surface markers and gene, and also the capacity of multiple differentiations potential. However, the development, senescence, and degeneration of IVD have consumed these stem/progenitor cells, and the harsh internal microenvironment further impair their biological characteristics, which leads to the failure of endogenous repair in IVD. At present, relevant research mainly focuses on improving the biological characteristics of endogenous stem/progenitor cells, directly supplementing endogenous stem/progenitor cells, biomaterials and small molecule compounds to stimulate the endogenous repair in IVD, so as to improve the effect of endogenous repair. Conclusion At present, ERS has gotten some achievements in the treatment of IVD degeneration, but its related studies are still in the pre-clinical stage. So further studies regarding ERS should be carried out in the future, especially in vivo experiments and clinical transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, 610041, P.R.China
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, 610041, P.R.China
| | - Yang Meng
- Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, 610041, P.R.China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou Jiangsu, 225000, P.R.China
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65
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Sudo T, Motomura Y, Okuzaki D, Hasegawa T, Yokota T, Kikuta J, Ao T, Mizuno H, Matsui T, Motooka D, Yoshizawa R, Nagasawa T, Kanakura Y, Moro K, Ishii M. Group 2 innate lymphoid cells support hematopoietic recovery under stress conditions. J Exp Med 2021; 218:e20200817. [PMID: 33666647 PMCID: PMC7941180 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20200817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The cell-cycle status of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) becomes activated following chemotherapy-induced stress, promoting bone marrow (BM) regeneration; however, the underlying molecular mechanism remains elusive. Here we show that BM-resident group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) support the recovery of HSPCs from 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-induced stress by secreting granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). Mechanistically, IL-33 released from chemo-sensitive B cell progenitors activates MyD88-mediated secretion of GM-CSF in ILC2, suggesting the existence of a B cell-ILC2 axis for maintaining hematopoietic homeostasis. GM-CSF knockout mice treated with 5-FU showed severe loss of myeloid lineage cells, causing lethality, which was rescued by transferring BM ILC2s from wild-type mice. Further, the adoptive transfer of ILC2s to 5-FU-treated mice accelerates hematopoietic recovery, while the reduction of ILC2s results in the opposite effect. Thus, ILC2s may function by "sensing" the damaged BM spaces and subsequently support hematopoietic recovery under stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takao Sudo
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine and Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- World Premier International Research Center Initiative Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Motomura
- World Premier International Research Center Initiative Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Laboratory for Innate Immune Systems, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Laboratory for Innate Immune Systems, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Daisuke Okuzaki
- Single Cell Genomics, Human Immunology, World Premier International Research Center Initiative Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Genome Information Research Center, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Hasegawa
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine and Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takafumi Yokota
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Junichi Kikuta
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine and Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- World Premier International Research Center Initiative Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Laboratory of Bioimaging and Drug Discovery, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomoka Ao
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine and Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Laboratory of Bioimaging and Drug Discovery, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroki Mizuno
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine and Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- World Premier International Research Center Initiative Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takahiro Matsui
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine and Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Pathology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Daisuke Motooka
- Single Cell Genomics, Human Immunology, World Premier International Research Center Initiative Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Genome Information Research Center, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Yoshizawa
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine and Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takashi Nagasawa
- World Premier International Research Center Initiative Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Developmental Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuzuru Kanakura
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuyo Moro
- World Premier International Research Center Initiative Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Laboratory for Innate Immune Systems, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Laboratory for Innate Immune Systems, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masaru Ishii
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine and Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- World Premier International Research Center Initiative Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Laboratory of Bioimaging and Drug Discovery, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
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66
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Vesprey A, Suh ES, Aytürk DG, Yang X, Rogers M, Sosa B, Niu Y, Kalajzic I, Ivashkiv LB, Bostrom MPG, Ayturk UM. Tmem100- and Acta2-Lineage Cells Contribute to Implant Osseointegration in a Mouse Model. J Bone Miner Res 2021; 36:1000-1011. [PMID: 33528844 PMCID: PMC8715516 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Metal implants are commonly used in orthopedic surgery. The mechanical stability and longevity of implants depend on adequate bone deposition along the implant surface. The cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying peri-implant bone formation (ie, osseointegration) are incompletely understood. Herein, our goal was to determine the specific bone marrow stromal cell populations that contribute to bone formation around metal implants. To do this, we utilized a mouse tibial implant model that is clinically representative of human joint replacement procedures. Using a lineage-tracing approach, we found that both Acta2.creERT2 and Tmem100.creERT2 lineage cells are involved in peri-implant bone formation, and Pdgfra- and Ly6a/Sca1-expressing stromal cells (PαS cells) are highly enriched in both lineages. Single-cell RNA-seq analysis indicated that PαS cells are quiescent in uninjured bone tissue; however, they express markers of proliferation and osteogenic differentiation shortly after implantation surgery. Our findings indicate that PαS cells are mobilized to repair bone tissue and participate in implant osseointegration after surgery. Biologic therapies targeting PαS cells might improve osseointegration in patients undergoing orthopedic procedures. © 2021 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Xu Yang
- Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Yingzhen Niu
- Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Joint Surgery, Hebei Medical University Third Affiliated Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ivo Kalajzic
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Lionel B Ivashkiv
- Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
- Departments of Medicine and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mathias PG Bostrom
- Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ugur M Ayturk
- Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
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67
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Nieminen-Pihala V, Tarkkonen K, Laine J, Rummukainen P, Saastamoinen L, Nagano K, Baron R, Kiviranta R. Early B-cell Factor1 (Ebf1) promotes early osteoblast differentiation but suppresses osteoblast function. Bone 2021; 146:115884. [PMID: 33582307 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2021.115884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Early B cell factor 1 (Ebf1) is a transcription factor that regulates B cell, neuronal cell and adipocyte differentiation. We and others have shown that Ebf1 is expressed in osteoblasts and that global deletion of Ebf1 results in increased bone formation in vivo. However, as Ebf1 is expressed in multiple tissues and cell types, it has remained unclear, which of the phenotypic changes in bone are derived from bone cells. The aim of this study was to determine the cell-autonomous and differentiation stage-specific roles of Ebf1 in osteoblasts. In vitro, haploinsufficient Ebf1+/- calvarial cells showed impaired osteoblastic differentiation indicated by lower alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and reduced mRNA expression of osteoblastic genes, while overexpression of Ebf1 in wild type mouse calvarial cells led to enhanced osteoblast differentiation with increased expression of Osterix (Osx). We identified a putative Ebf1 binding site in the Osterix promoter by ChIP assay in MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts and showed that Ebf1 was able to activate Osx-luc reporter construct that included this Ebf1 binding site, suggesting that Ebf1 indeed regulates osteoblast differentiation by inducing Osterix expression. To reconcile our previous data and that of others with our novel findings, we hypothesized that Ebf1 could have a dual role in osteoblast differentiation promoting early but inhibiting late stages of differentiation and osteoblast function. To test this hypothesis in vivo, we generated conditional Ebf1 knockout mice, in which Ebf1 deletion was targeted to early or late osteoblasts by crossing Ebf1fl/fl mice with Osx- or Osteocalcin (hOC)-Cre mouse lines, respectively. Deletion of Ebf1 in early Ebf1Osx-/- osteoblasts resulted in significantly increased bone volume and trabecular number at 12 weeks by μCT analysis, while Ebf1hOC-/- mice did not have a bone phenotype. To conclude, our data demonstrate that Ebf1 promotes early osteoblast differentiation by regulating Osterix expression. However, Ebf1 inhibits bone accrual in the Osterix expressing osteoblasts in vivo but it is redundant in the maintenance of mature osteoblast function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kati Tarkkonen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Julius Laine
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | | | - Kenichi Nagano
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Roland Baron
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Riku Kiviranta
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Department of Endocrinology, Division of Medicine, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
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68
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Diboun I, Wani S, Ralston SH, Albagha OM. Epigenetic analysis of Paget's disease of bone identifies differentially methylated loci that predict disease status. eLife 2021; 10:65715. [PMID: 33929316 PMCID: PMC8184208 DOI: 10.7554/elife.65715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Paget's disease of bone (PDB) is characterized by focal increases in disorganized bone remodeling. This study aims to characterize PDB-associated changes in DNA methylation profiles in patients' blood. Meta-analysis of data from the discovery and cross-validation set, each comprising 116 PDB cases and 130 controls, revealed significant differences in DNA methylation at 14 CpG sites, 4 CpG islands, and 6 gene-body regions. These loci, including two characterized as functional through expression quantitative trait-methylation analysis, were associated with functions related to osteoclast differentiation, mechanical loading, immune function, and viral infection. A multivariate classifier based on discovery samples was found to discriminate PDB cases and controls from the cross-validation with a sensitivity of 0.84, specificity of 0.81, and an area under curve of 92.8%. In conclusion, this study has shown for the first time that epigenetic factors contribute to the pathogenesis of PDB and may offer diagnostic markers for prediction of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilhame Diboun
- Division of Genomic and Translational Biomedicine, College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sachin Wani
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart H Ralston
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Omar Me Albagha
- Division of Genomic and Translational Biomedicine, College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar.,Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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69
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Aoki K, Kurashige M, Ichii M, Higaki K, Sugiyama T, Kaito T, Ando W, Sugano N, Sakai T, Shibayama H, Takaori-Kondo A, Morii E, Kanakura Y, Nagasawa T. Identification of CXCL12-abundant reticular cells in human adult bone marrow. Br J Haematol 2021; 193:659-668. [PMID: 33837967 PMCID: PMC8252541 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.17396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A population of mesenchymal stem cells, termed CXC chemokine ligand (CXCL)12‐abundant reticular (CAR) cells or leptin receptor‐expressing cells, are the major cellular component of niches for haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in murine bone marrow. CAR cells are characterized by several salient features, including much higher expression of CXCL12, stem cell factor (SCF), forkhead box C1 (FOXC1) and early B‐cell factor 3 (EBF3), which are essential for HSC maintenance, than other cells. However, the human counterpart of CAR cells has not been fully described. Here, we show the presence of cells expressing much higher CXCL12 than other cells in human adult bone marrow using a flow cytometry‐based in situ technique that enables high‐throughput detection of mRNA at single‐cell resolution. Most CXCL12hi cells expressed high levels of SCF, FOXC1 and EBF3 and had the potential to differentiate into adipocytes and osteoblasts. Histologically, the nuclei of CXCL12hi cells were identified and quantified by EBF3 expression in fixed marrow sections. CXCL12hi cells sorted from residual bone marrow aspirates of chronic myeloid leukaemia patients expressed reduced levels of CXCL12, SCF, FOXC1 and EBF3 in correlation with increased leukaemic burden. Together, we identified the human counterpart of CAR cells, enabling the evaluation of their alterations in various haematological disorders by flow cytometric and histological analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazunari Aoki
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Developmental Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, World Premier International Research Center (WPI), Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.,Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Laboratory of Stem Cell Genetics, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masako Kurashige
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Michiko Ichii
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Kei Higaki
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Developmental Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, World Premier International Research Center (WPI), Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Tatsuki Sugiyama
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Developmental Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, World Premier International Research Center (WPI), Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Takashi Kaito
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Wataru Ando
- Department of Orthopedic Medical Engineering, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Sugano
- Department of Orthopedic Medical Engineering, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Takashi Sakai
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Japan
| | - Hirohiko Shibayama
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | | | - Akifumi Takaori-Kondo
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Eiichi Morii
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Yuzuru Kanakura
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.,Sumitomo Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takashi Nagasawa
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Developmental Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, World Premier International Research Center (WPI), Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
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70
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Balani DH, Trinh S, Xu M, Kronenberg HM. Sclerostin Antibody Administration Increases the Numbers of Sox9creER+ Skeletal Precursors and Their Progeny. J Bone Miner Res 2021; 36:757-767. [PMID: 33400836 PMCID: PMC8140551 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Blocking the Wnt inhibitor, sclerostin, increases the rate of bone formation in rodents and in humans. On a cellular level, the antibody against sclerostin acts by increasing osteoblast numbers partly by activating the quiescent bone-lining cells in vivo. No evidence currently exists, to determine whether blocking sclerostin affects early cells of the osteoblast lineage. Here we use a lineage-tracing strategy that uses a tamoxifen-dependent cre recombinase, driven by the Sox9 promoter to mark early cells of the osteoblast lineage. We show that, when adult mice are treated with the rat-13C7, an antibody that blocks sclerostin action in rodents, it increases the numbers of osteoblast precursors and their differentiation into mature osteoblasts in vivo. We also show that rat-13C7 administration suppresses adipogenesis by suppressing the differentiation of Sox9creER+ skeletal precursors into bone marrow adipocytes in vivo. Using floxed alleles of the CTNNB1 gene encoding β-catenin, we show that these precursor cells express the canonical Wnt signaling mediator, β-catenin, and that the actions of the rat-13C7 antibody to increase the number of early precursors is dependent on direct stimulation of Wnt signaling. The increase in osteoblast precursors and their progeny after the administration of the antibody leads to a robust suppression of apoptosis without affecting the rate of their proliferation. Thus, neutralizing the Wnt-inhibitor sclerostin increases the numbers of early cells of the osteoblast lineage osteoblasts and suppresses their differentiation into adipocytes in vivo. © 2021 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak H Balani
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sophia Trinh
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mingxin Xu
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Henry M Kronenberg
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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71
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Extracellular vesicles shed by follicular lymphoma B cells promote polarization of the bone marrow stromal cell niche. Blood 2021; 138:57-70. [DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020008791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Follicular lymphoma (FL) originates in the lymph nodes (LNs) and infiltrates bone marrow (BM) early in the course of the disease. BM FL B cells are characterized by a lower cytological grade, decreased proliferation, and a specific phenotypic and subclonal profile. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) obtained from FL BM display a specific gene expression profile (GEP), including enrichment for a lymphoid stromal cell signature, and an increased capacity to sustain FL B-cell growth. However, the mechanisms triggering the formation of the medullar FL permissive stromal niche have not been identified. In the current work, we demonstrate that FL B cells produce extracellular vesicles (EVs) that can be internalized by BM-MSCs, making them more efficient to support FL B-cell survival and quiescence. Accordingly, EVs purified from FL BM plasma activate transforming growth factor β–dependent and independent pathways in BM-MSCs and modify their GEP, triggering an upregulation of factors classically associated with hematopoietic stem cell niche, including CXCL12 and angiopoietin-1. Moreover, we provide the first characterization of BM FL B-cell GEP, allowing the definition of the landscape of molecular interactions they could engage with EV-primed BM-MSCs. This work identifies FL-derived EVs as putative mediators of BM stroma polarization and supports further investigation of their clinical interest for targeting the crosstalk between BM-MSCs and malignant B cells.
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72
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Agas D, Sabbieti MG. Archetypal autophagic players through new lenses for bone marrow stem/mature cells regulation. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:6101-6114. [PMID: 33492700 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The bone marrow landscape consists of specialized and stem/progenitor cells, which coordinate important tissue-related and systemic physiological features. Within the marrow cavity, stem/progenitor and differentiated hematopoietic and skeletal cells congregate into dynamic functional assemblies throughout specific anatomical regions, termed niches. There is a need for better understanding of the bone marrow microareas, through exploration of the intramural physical and molecular interactions of the distinctive cell populations. The elective liaisons established among the mesenchymal/stromal stem cell and hematopoietic stem cell lineage trees play a key role in orchestrating the stem/mature cell behavior and customized hierarchies within bone marrow cell populations. Recently, the autophagic apparatus has been discovered to be an important feature of bone marrow homeostasis. Autophagy-related factors involved in the labyrinthic and highly dynamic bone marrow workshop redesign the niche framework by coordinating the operational schedule of pluripotent stem and mature cells. The following report summarizes the most recent breakthroughs in our understanding of the intramural relationships between bone marrow cells and key autophagic mediators. Doubtless, the consideration of the autophagy-related and unrelated functions of main players, such as p62, Atg7, Atg5, and Beclin-1 remains a compelling task to thoroughly understand the complex relations between the heterogenic cell types that populate bone marrow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Agas
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Macerata, Italy
| | - Maria Giovanna Sabbieti
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Macerata, Italy
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73
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Abstract
Development of cartilage and bone, the core components of the mouse skeletal system, depends on coordinated proliferation and differentiation of skeletogenic cells, including chondrocytes and osteoblasts. These cells differentiate from common progenitor cells originating in the mesoderm and neural crest. Multiple signaling pathways and transcription factors tightly regulate differentiation and proliferation of skeletal cells. In this chapter, we overview the process of mouse skeletal development and discuss major regulators of skeletal cells at each developmental stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Kobayashi
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.
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74
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Matsushita Y, Ono W, Ono N. Flow Cytometry-Based Analysis of the Mouse Bone Marrow Stromal and Perivascular Compartment. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2308:83-94. [PMID: 34057716 PMCID: PMC8580286 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1425-9_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) account for an extremely small percentage of total bone marrow cells; therefore, it is technically challenging to harvest a good quantity of BMSCs with good viability using fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). Here, we describe the methods to effectively isolate BMSCs for flow cytometry analyses and subsequent FACS. Use of transgenic reporter lines facilitates FACS-based isolation of BMSCs, aiding to uncover fundamental characteristics of these diverse cell populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Matsushita
- University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Wanida Ono
- University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Noriaki Ono
- University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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75
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Zorina T, Black L. Mesenchymal–Hematopoietic Stem Cell Axis: Applications for Induction of Hematopoietic Chimerism and Therapies for Malignancies. Stem Cells 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-77052-5_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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76
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Chakraborty S, Sinha S, Sengupta A. Emerging trends in chromatin remodeler plasticity in mesenchymal stromal cell function. FASEB J 2020; 35:e21234. [PMID: 33337557 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202002232r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidences highlight importance of epigenetic regulation and their integration with transcriptional and cell signaling machinery in determining tissue resident adult pluripotent mesenchymal stem/stromal cell (MSC) activity, lineage commitment, and multicellular development. Histone modifying enzymes and large multi-subunit chromatin remodeling complexes and their cell type-specific plasticity remain the central defining features of gene regulation and establishment of tissue identity. Modulation of transcription factor expression gradient ex vivo and concomitant flexibility of higher order chromatin architecture in response to signaling cues are exciting approaches to regulate MSC activity and tissue rejuvenation. Being an important constituent of the adult bone marrow microenvironment/niche, pathophysiological perturbation in MSC homeostasis also causes impaired hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell function in a non-cell autonomous mechanism. In addition, pluripotent MSCs can function as immune regulatory cells, and they reside at the crossroad of innate and adaptive immune response pathways. Research in the past few years suggest that MSCs/stromal fibroblasts significantly contribute to the establishment of immunosuppressive microenvironment in shaping antitumor immunity. Therefore, it is important to understand mesenchymal stromal epigenome and transcriptional regulation to leverage its applications in regenerative medicine, epigenetic memory-guided trained immunity, immune-metabolic rewiring, and precision immune reprogramming. In this review, we highlight the latest developments and prospects in chromatin biology in determining MSC function in the context of lineage commitment and immunomodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayan Chakraborty
- Stem Cell & Leukemia Laboratory, Cancer Biology & Inflammatory Disorder Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India.,Translational Research Unit of Excellence (TRUE), Kolkata, India
| | - Sayantani Sinha
- Stem Cell & Leukemia Laboratory, Cancer Biology & Inflammatory Disorder Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India.,Translational Research Unit of Excellence (TRUE), Kolkata, India
| | - Amitava Sengupta
- Stem Cell & Leukemia Laboratory, Cancer Biology & Inflammatory Disorder Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India.,Translational Research Unit of Excellence (TRUE), Kolkata, India
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77
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Delaisse JM, Andersen TL, Kristensen HB, Jensen PR, Andreasen CM, Søe K. Re-thinking the bone remodeling cycle mechanism and the origin of bone loss. Bone 2020; 141:115628. [PMID: 32919109 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Proper bone remodeling necessarily requires that osteoblasts reconstruct the bone that osteoclasts have resorbed. However, the cellular events connecting resorption to reconstruction have remained poorly known. The consequence is a fragmentary understanding of the remodeling cycle where only the resorption and formation steps are taken into account. New tools have recently made possible to elucidate how resorption shifts to formation, thereby allowing to comprehend the remodeling cycle as a whole. This new knowledge is reviewed herein. It shows how teams of osteoclasts and osteoblast lineage cells are progressively established and how they are subjected therein to reciprocal interactions. Contrary to the common view, osteoclasts and osteoprogenitors are intermingled on the eroded surfaces. The analysis of the resorption and cell population dynamics shows that osteoprogenitor cell expansion and resorption proceed as an integrated mechanism; that a threshold cell density of osteoprogenitors on the eroded surface is mandatory for onset of bone formation; that the cell initiating osteoprogenitor cell expansion is the osteoclast; and that the osteoclast therefore triggers putative osteoprogenitor reservoirs positioned at proximity of the eroded bone surface (bone lining cells, canopy cells, pericytes). The interplay between magnitude of resorption and rate of cell expansion governs how soon bone reconstruction is initiated and may determine uncoupling and permanent bone loss if a threshold cell density is not reached. The clinical perspectives opened by these findings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Marie Delaisse
- Clinical Cell Biology, Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital, Department of Clinical Research, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
| | - Thomas Levin Andersen
- Clinical Cell Biology, Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital, Department of Clinical Research, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Forensic Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Helene Bjoerg Kristensen
- Clinical Cell Biology, Lillebælt Hospital, Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Vejle, Denmark.
| | - Pia Rosgaard Jensen
- Clinical Cell Biology, Lillebælt Hospital, Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Vejle, Denmark.
| | - Christina Møller Andreasen
- Clinical Cell Biology, Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital, Department of Clinical Research, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
| | - Kent Søe
- Clinical Cell Biology, Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital, Department of Clinical Research, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
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78
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Cao Y, Buckels EJ, Matthews BG. Markers for Identification of Postnatal Skeletal Stem Cells In Vivo. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2020; 18:655-665. [PMID: 33034805 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-020-00622-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The adult skeleton contains stem cells involved in growth, homeostasis, and healing. Mesenchymal or skeletal stem cells are proposed to provide precursors to osteoblasts, chondrocytes, marrow adipocytes, and stromal cells. We review the evidence for existence and functionality of different skeletal stem cell pools, and the tools available for identifying or targeting these populations in mouse and human tissues. RECENT FINDINGS Lineage tracing and single cell-based techniques in mouse models indicate that multiple pools of stem cells exist in postnatal bone. These include growth plate stem cells, stem and progenitor cells in the diaphysis, reticular cells that only form bone in response to injury, and injury-responsive periosteal stem cells. New staining protocols have also been described for prospective isolation of human skeletal stem cells. Several populations of postnatal skeletal stem and progenitor cells have been identified in mice, and we have an increasing array of tools to target these cells. Most Cre models lack a high degree of specificity to define single populations. Human studies are less advanced and require further efforts to refine methods for identifying stem and progenitor cells in adult bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Cao
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92-019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Emma J Buckels
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92-019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Brya G Matthews
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92-019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.
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79
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Matsushita Y, Ono W, Ono N. Bone regeneration via skeletal cell lineage plasticity: All hands mobilized for emergencies: Quiescent mature skeletal cells can be activated in response to injury and robustly participate in bone regeneration through cellular plasticity. Bioessays 2020; 43:e2000202. [PMID: 33155283 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202000202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
An emerging concept is that quiescent mature skeletal cells provide an important cellular source for bone regeneration. It has long been considered that a small number of resident skeletal stem cells are solely responsible for the remarkable regenerative capacity of adult bones. However, recent in vivo lineage-tracing studies suggest that all stages of skeletal lineage cells, including dormant pre-adipocyte-like stromal cells in the marrow, osteoblast precursor cells on the bone surface and other stem and progenitor cells, are concomitantly recruited to the injury site and collectively participate in regeneration of the damaged skeletal structure. Lineage plasticity appears to play an important role in this process, by which mature skeletal cells can transform their identities into skeletal stem cell-like cells in response to injury. These highly malleable, long-living mature skeletal cells, readily available throughout postnatal life, might represent an ideal cellular resource that can be exploited for regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Matsushita
- University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA
| | - Wanida Ono
- University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA
| | - Noriaki Ono
- University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA
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80
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Larsen MC, Almeldin A, Tong T, Rondelli CM, Maguire M, Jaskula-Sztul R, Jefcoate CR. Cytochrome P4501B1 in bone marrow is co-expressed with key markers of mesenchymal stem cells. BMS2 cell line models PAH disruption of bone marrow niche development functions. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2020; 401:115111. [PMID: 32553695 PMCID: PMC7293885 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.115111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous pollutants that are metabolized to carcinogenic dihydrodiol epoxides (PAHDE) by cytochrome P450 1B1 (CYP1B1). This metabolism occurs in bone marrow (BM) mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), which sustain hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC). In BM, CYP1B1-mediated metabolism of 7, 12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) suppresses HSPC colony formation within 6 h, whereas benzo(a)pyrene (BP) generates protective cytokines. MSC, enriched from adherent BM cells, yielded the bone marrow stromal, BMS2, cell line. These cells express elevated basal CYP1B1 that scarcely responds to Ah receptor (AhR) inducers. BMS2 cells exhibit extensive transcriptome overlap with leptin receptor positive mesenchymal stem cells (Lepr+ MSC) that control the hematopoietic niche. The overlap includes CYP1B1 and the expression of HSPC regulatory factors (Ebf3, Cxcl12, Kitl, Csf1 and Gas6). MSC are large, adherent fibroblasts that sequester small HSPC and macrophage in the BM niche (Graphic abstract). High basal CYP1B1 expression in BMS2 cells derives from interactions between the Ah-receptor enhancer and proximal promoter SP1 complexes, boosted by autocrine signaling. PAH effects on BMS2 cells model Lepr+MSC niche activity. CYP1B1 metabolizes DMBA to PAHDE, producing p53-mediated mRNA increases, long after the in vivo HSPC suppression. Faster, direct p53 effects, favored by stem cells, remain possible PAHDE targets. However, HSPC regulatory factors remained unresponsive. BP is less toxic in BMS2 cells, but, in BM, CYP1A1 metabolism stimulates macrophage cytokines (Il1b > Tnfa> Ifng) within 6 h. Although absent from BMS2 and Lepr+MSC, their receptors are highly expressed. The impact of this cytokine signaling in MSC remains to be determined. BMS2 and Lepr+MSC cells co-express CYP1B1 and 12 functional niche activity markers. CYP1B1 mRNA in BMS2 cells depends on activation of SP1 coupled to an AhR enhancer unit. DMBA metabolism by CYP1B1 activates p53 gene targets in BMS2 cells far more than BP. HSPC suppression by CYP1B1 generation of PAHDE requires rapid, non-genomic targets. BMS2 and Lepr+MSC share receptors activated by BP stimulation of macrophage cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Campaigne Larsen
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, United States of America
| | - Ahmed Almeldin
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, United States of America; Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Egypt
| | - Tiegang Tong
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, United States of America
| | - Catherine M Rondelli
- Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, United States of America
| | - Meghan Maguire
- Endocrinology and Reproductive Physiology Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, United States of America
| | - Renata Jaskula-Sztul
- Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, United States of America
| | - Colin R Jefcoate
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, United States of America; Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, United States of America; Endocrinology and Reproductive Physiology Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, United States of America.
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81
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An Overview of Different Strategies to Recreate the Physiological Environment in Experimental Erythropoiesis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155263. [PMID: 32722249 PMCID: PMC7432157 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human erythropoiesis is a complex process leading to the production of mature, enucleated erythrocytes (RBCs). It occurs mainly at bone marrow (BM), where hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are engaged in the early erythroid differentiation to commit into erythroid progenitor cells (burst-forming unit erythroid (BFU-E) and colony-forming unit erythroid (CFU-E)). Then, during the terminal differentiation, several erythropoietin-induced signaling pathways trigger the differentiation of CFU-E on successive stages from pro-erythroblast to reticulocytes. The latter are released into the circulation, finalizing their maturation into functional RBCs. This process is finely regulated by the physiological environment including the erythroblast-macrophage interaction in the erythroblastic island (EBI). Several human diseases have been associated with ineffective erythropoiesis, either by a defective or an excessive production of RBCs, as well as an increase or a hemoglobinization defect. Fully understanding the production of mature red blood cells is crucial for the comprehension of erythroid pathologies as well as to the field of transfusion. Many experimental approaches have been carried out to achieve a complete differentiation in vitro to produce functional biconcave mature RBCs. However, the various protocols usually fail to achieve enough quantities of completely mature RBCs. In this review, we focus on the evolution of erythropoiesis studies over the years, taking special interest in efforts that were made to include the microenvironment and erythroblastic islands paradigm. These more physiological approaches will contribute to a deeper comprehension of erythropoiesis, improve the treatment of dyserythropoietic disorders, and break through the barriers in massive RBCs production for transfusion.
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82
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Kurenkova AD, Medvedeva EV, Newton PT, Chagin AS. Niches for Skeletal Stem Cells of Mesenchymal Origin. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:592. [PMID: 32754592 PMCID: PMC7366157 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
With very few exceptions, all adult tissues in mammals are maintained and can be renewed by stem cells that self-renew and generate the committed progeny required. These functions are regulated by a specific and in many ways unique microenvironment in stem cell niches. In most cases disruption of an adult stem cell niche leads to depletion of stem cells, followed by impairment of the ability of the tissue in question to maintain its functions. The presence of stem cells, often referred to as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) or multipotent bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs), in the adult skeleton has long been realized. In recent years there has been exceptional progress in identifying and characterizing BMSCs in terms of their capacity to generate specific types of skeletal cells in vivo. Such BMSCs are often referred to as skeletal stem cells (SSCs) or skeletal stem and progenitor cells (SSPCs), with the latter term being used throughout this review. SSPCs have been detected in the bone marrow, periosteum, and growth plate and characterized in vivo on the basis of various genetic markers (i.e., Nestin, Leptin receptor, Gremlin1, Cathepsin-K, etc.). However, the niches in which these cells reside have received less attention. Here, we summarize the current scientific literature on stem cell niches for the SSPCs identified so far and discuss potential factors and environmental cues of importance in these niches in vivo. In this context we focus on (i) articular cartilage, (ii) growth plate cartilage, (iii) periosteum, (iv) the adult endosteal compartment, and (v) the developing endosteal compartment, in that order.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiia D Kurenkova
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina V Medvedeva
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Phillip T Newton
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andrei S Chagin
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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83
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Skeletal stem cells (SSCs) are considered to play important roles in bone development and repair. These cells have been historically defined by their in vitro potential for self-renewal and differentiation into "trilineage" cells; however, little is known about their in vivo identity. Here, we discuss recent progress on SSCs and how they potentially contribute to bone development and repair. RECENT FINDINGS Bone is composed of diverse tissues, which include cartilage and its perichondrium, cortical bone and its periosteum, and bone marrow and its trabecular bone and stromal compartment. We are now at the initial stage of understanding the precise identity of SSCs in each bone tissue. The emerging concept is that functionally dedicated SSCs are encased by their own unique cellular and extracellular matrix microenvironment, and locally support its own compartment. Diverse groups of SSCs are likely to work in concert to achieve development and repair of the highly functional skeletal organ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Matsushita
- University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Wanida Ono
- University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Noriaki Ono
- University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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84
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Desterke C, Petit L, Sella N, Chevallier N, Cabeli V, Coquelin L, Durand C, Oostendorp RAJ, Isambert H, Jaffredo T, Charbord P. Inferring Gene Networks in Bone Marrow Hematopoietic Stem Cell-Supporting Stromal Niche Populations. iScience 2020; 23:101222. [PMID: 32535025 PMCID: PMC7300160 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The cardinal property of bone marrow (BM) stromal cells is their capacity to contribute to hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) niches by providing mediators assisting HSC functions. In this study we first contrasted transcriptomes of stromal cells at different developmental stages and then included large number of HSC-supportive and non-supportive samples. Application of a combination of algorithms, comprising one identifying reliable paths and potential causative relationships in complex systems, revealed gene networks characteristic of the BM stromal HSC-supportive capacity and of defined niche populations of perivascular cells, osteoblasts, and mesenchymal stromal cells. Inclusion of single-cell transcriptomes enabled establishing for the perivascular cell subset a partially oriented graph of direct gene-to-gene interactions. As proof of concept we showed that R-spondin-2, expressed by the perivascular subset, synergized with Kit ligand to amplify ex vivo hematopoietic precursors. This study by identifying classifiers and hubs constitutes a resource to unravel candidate BM stromal mediators. A correlation network with predictor genes for the BM HSPC-supportive stromal niche An information theoretic network for the supportive perivascular stromal niche Wnt facilitator Rspo2 together with SCF to amplify ex vivo hematopoietic precursors Resource combining bioinformatics algorithms to search for novel stromal mediators
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laurence Petit
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Université Paris 06, IBPS, CNRS UMR7622, Inserm U 1156, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement; Paris 75005, France
| | - Nadir Sella
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR168, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Chevallier
- IMRB U955-E10, INSERM, Unité d'Ingenierie et de Thérapie Cellulaire- EFS, Université Paris-EST, Créteil, France
| | - Vincent Cabeli
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR168, Paris, France
| | - Laura Coquelin
- IMRB U955-E10, INSERM, Unité d'Ingenierie et de Thérapie Cellulaire- EFS, Université Paris-EST, Créteil, France
| | - Charles Durand
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Université Paris 06, IBPS, CNRS UMR7622, Inserm U 1156, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement; Paris 75005, France
| | - Robert A J Oostendorp
- Clinic and Polyclinic for Internal Medicine III, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Hervé Isambert
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR168, Paris, France
| | - Thierry Jaffredo
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Université Paris 06, IBPS, CNRS UMR7622, Inserm U 1156, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement; Paris 75005, France
| | - Pierre Charbord
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Université Paris 06, IBPS, CNRS UMR7622, Inserm U 1156, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement; Paris 75005, France.
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85
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Wei Q, Nakahara F, Asada N, Zhang D, Gao X, Xu C, Alfieri A, Brodin NP, Zimmerman SE, Mar JC, Guha C, Guo W, Frenette PS. Snai2 Maintains Bone Marrow Niche Cells by Repressing Osteopontin Expression. Dev Cell 2020; 53:503-513.e5. [PMID: 32413329 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2020.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Bone marrow (BM) mesenchymal stem and progenitor cells (MSPCs) are a critical constituent of the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) niche. Previous studies have suggested that the zinc-finger epithelial-mesenchymal transition transcription factor Snai2 (also known as Slug) regulated HSCs autonomously. Here, we show that Snai2 expression in the BM is restricted to the BM stromal compartment where it regulates the HSC niche. Germline or MSPC-selective Snai2 deletion reduces the functional MSPC pool and their mesenchymal lineage output and impairs HSC niche function during homeostasis and after stress. RNA sequencing analysis revealed that Spp1 (osteopontin) expression is markedly upregulated in Snai2-deficient MSPCs. Genetic deletion of Spp1 in Snai2-deficient mice rescues MSPCs' functions. Thus, SNAI2 is a critical regulator of the transcriptional network maintaining MSPCs by the suppression of osteopontin expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaozhi Wei
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Fumio Nakahara
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Noboru Asada
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Dachuan Zhang
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Xin Gao
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Chunliang Xu
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Alan Alfieri
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - N Patrik Brodin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Samuel E Zimmerman
- Department of Systems and Computational Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA; Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Jessica C Mar
- Department of Systems and Computational Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA; Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Chandan Guha
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA; Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA; Department of Urology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Wenjun Guo
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Paul S Frenette
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA; Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA.
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86
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Liu Y, Li Y, Nan LP, Wang F, Zhou SF, Feng XM, Liu H, Zhang L. Insights of stem cell-based endogenous repair of intervertebral disc degeneration. World J Stem Cells 2020; 12:266-276. [PMID: 32399135 PMCID: PMC7202923 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v12.i4.266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Low back pain has become more prevalent in recent years, causing enormous economic burden for society and government. Common therapies used in clinics including conservative treatment and surgery can only relieve pain. Subsequent cell-based treatment such as mesenchymal stem cell transplantation poses problems such as short duration of therapeutic effect and tumorigenesis. Recently, the discovery and identification of stem cell niche and stem/progenitor cells in intervertebral disc bring increased attention to endogenous repair strategy. Therefore, we review the studies involving endogenous repair strategy and present the characteristics and current status of this treatment. Meanwhile, we also discuss the strategy and perspective of endogenous repair strategy in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, Sichuan Province, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital, School of Medicine, UESTC, Chengdu 610000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Li-Ping Nan
- Department of Orthopedics, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Shi-Feng Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xin-Min Feng
- Department of Orthopedics, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, Jiangsu Province, China
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87
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Zhong L, Yao L, Tower RJ, Wei Y, Miao Z, Park J, Shrestha R, Wang L, Yu W, Holdreith N, Huang X, Zhang Y, Tong W, Gong Y, Ahn J, Susztak K, Dyment N, Li M, Long F, Chen C, Seale P, Qin L. Single cell transcriptomics identifies a unique adipose lineage cell population that regulates bone marrow environment. eLife 2020; 9:e54695. [PMID: 32286228 PMCID: PMC7220380 DOI: 10.7554/elife.54695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow mesenchymal lineage cells are a heterogeneous cell population involved in bone homeostasis and diseases such as osteoporosis. While it is long postulated that they originate from mesenchymal stem cells, the true identity of progenitors and their in vivo bifurcated differentiation routes into osteoblasts and adipocytes remain poorly understood. Here, by employing large scale single cell transcriptome analysis, we computationally defined mesenchymal progenitors at different stages and delineated their bi-lineage differentiation paths in young, adult and aging mice. One identified subpopulation is a unique cell type that expresses adipocyte markers but contains no lipid droplets. As non-proliferative precursors for adipocytes, they exist abundantly as pericytes and stromal cells that form a ubiquitous 3D network inside the marrow cavity. Functionally they play critical roles in maintaining marrow vasculature and suppressing bone formation. Therefore, we name them marrow adipogenic lineage precursors (MALPs) and conclude that they are a newly identified component of marrow adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Zhong
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Lutian Yao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Robert J Tower
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Yulong Wei
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Zhen Miao
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of MedicinePhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Jihwan Park
- Renal Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine and Genetics, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Rojesh Shrestha
- Renal Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine and Genetics, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Luqiang Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Shandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Wei Yu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Nicholas Holdreith
- Division of Hematology, Children's Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaUnited States
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Xiaobin Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Yejia Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
- Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center (TMRC), Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical CenterPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Wei Tong
- Division of Hematology, Children's Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaUnited States
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Yanqing Gong
- Division of Transnational Medicine and Human Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Jaimo Ahn
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Katalin Susztak
- Renal Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine and Genetics, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Nathanial Dyment
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Mingyao Li
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of MedicinePhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Fanxin Long
- Translational Research Program in Pediatric Orthopaedics, The Children's Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Chider Chen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania, School of Dental MedicinePhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Patrick Seale
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Ling Qin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
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88
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Serowoky MA, Arata CE, Crump JG, Mariani FV. Skeletal stem cells: insights into maintaining and regenerating the skeleton. Development 2020; 147:147/5/dev179325. [PMID: 32161063 DOI: 10.1242/dev.179325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal stem cells (SSCs) generate the progenitors needed for growth, maintenance and repair of the skeleton. Historically, SSCs have been defined as bone marrow-derived cells with inconsistent characteristics. However, recent in vivo tracking experiments have revealed the presence of SSCs not only within the bone marrow but also within the periosteum and growth plate reserve zone. These studies show that SSCs are highly heterogeneous with regard to lineage potential. It has also been revealed that, during digit tip regeneration and in some non-mammalian vertebrates, the dedifferentiation of osteoblasts may contribute to skeletal regeneration. Here, we examine how these research findings have furthered our understanding of the diversity and plasticity of SSCs that mediate skeletal maintenance and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxwell A Serowoky
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Claire E Arata
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - J Gage Crump
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Francesca V Mariani
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
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89
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Pinho S, Frenette PS. Haematopoietic stem cell activity and interactions with the niche. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2020; 20:303-320. [PMID: 30745579 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-019-0103-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 552] [Impact Index Per Article: 138.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The haematopoietic stem cell (HSC) microenvironment in the bone marrow, termed the niche, ensures haematopoietic homeostasis by controlling the proliferation, self-renewal, differentiation and migration of HSCs and progenitor cells at steady state and in response to emergencies and injury. Improved methods for HSC isolation, driven by advances in single-cell and molecular technologies, have led to a better understanding of their behaviour, heterogeneity and lineage fate and of the niche cells and signals that regulate their function. Niche regulatory signals can be in the form of cell-bound or secreted factors and other local physical cues. A combination of technological advances in bone marrow imaging and genetic manipulation of crucial regulatory factors has enabled the identification of several candidate cell types regulating the niche, including both non-haematopoietic (for example, perivascular mesenchymal stem and endothelial cells) and HSC-derived (for example, megakaryocytes, macrophages and regulatory T cells), with better topographical understanding of HSC localization in the bone marrow. Here, we review advances in our understanding of HSC regulation by niches during homeostasis, ageing and cancer, and we discuss their implications for the development of therapies to rejuvenate aged HSCs or niches or to disrupt self-reinforcing malignant niches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Pinho
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY, USA
| | - Paul S Frenette
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY, USA. .,Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY, USA.
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90
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Derecka M, Herman JS, Cauchy P, Ramamoorthy S, Lupar E, Grün D, Grosschedl R. EBF1-deficient bone marrow stroma elicits persistent changes in HSC potential. Nat Immunol 2020; 21:261-273. [PMID: 32066955 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-020-0595-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Crosstalk between mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) is essential for hematopoietic homeostasis and lineage output. Here, we investigate how transcriptional changes in bone marrow (BM) MSCs result in long-lasting effects on HSCs. Single-cell analysis of Cxcl12-abundant reticular (CAR) cells and PDGFRα+Sca1+ (PαS) cells revealed an extensive cellular heterogeneity but uniform expression of the transcription factor gene Ebf1. Conditional deletion of Ebf1 in these MSCs altered their cellular composition, chromatin structure and gene expression profiles, including the reduced expression of adhesion-related genes. Functionally, the stromal-specific Ebf1 inactivation results in impaired adhesion of HSCs, leading to reduced quiescence and diminished myeloid output. Most notably, HSCs residing in the Ebf1-deficient niche underwent changes in their cellular composition and chromatin structure that persist in serial transplantations. Thus, genetic alterations in the BM niche lead to long-term functional changes of HSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Derecka
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Josip Stefan Herman
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,International Max Planck Research School for Molecular and Cellular Biology, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Pierre Cauchy
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Ekaterina Lupar
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dominic Grün
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany.,Centre for Integrative Biological Signaling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Rudolf Grosschedl
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany.
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91
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A Wnt-mediated transformation of the bone marrow stromal cell identity orchestrates skeletal regeneration. Nat Commun 2020; 11:332. [PMID: 31949165 PMCID: PMC6965122 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-14029-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) are versatile mesenchymal cell populations underpinning the major functions of the skeleton, a majority of which adjoin sinusoidal blood vessels and express C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12). However, how these cells are activated during regeneration and facilitate osteogenesis remains largely unknown. Cell-lineage analysis using Cxcl12-creER mice reveals that quiescent Cxcl12-creER+ perisinusoidal BMSCs differentiate into cortical bone osteoblasts solely during regeneration. A combined single cell RNA-seq analysis demonstrate that these cells convert their identity into a skeletal stem cell-like state in response to injury, associated with upregulation of osteoblast-signature genes and activation of canonical Wnt signaling components along the single-cell trajectory. β-catenin deficiency in these cells indeed causes insufficiency in cortical bone regeneration. Therefore, quiescent Cxcl12-creER+ BMSCs transform into osteoblast precursor cells in a manner mediated by canonical Wnt signaling, highlighting a unique mechanism by which dormant stromal cells are enlisted for skeletal regeneration. Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) lining sinusoidal blood vessels are mesenchymal cells whose function is critical for the skeleton. Here the authors show that quiescent CXCL12-expressing BMSCs can convert into a skeletal stem cell-like state, and differentiate into cortical bone osteoblasts only in response to injury.
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92
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El-Magd MA, Elsayed SA, El-Shetry ES, Abdelfattah-Hassan A, Saleh AA, Allen S, McGonnell I, Patel K. The role of chick Ebf genes in the mediolateral patterning of the somites. Genesis 2019; 57:e23339. [PMID: 31724301 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.23339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to check whether the three chick Early B-cell Factor (Ebf) genes, particularly cEbf1, would be targets for Shh and Bmp signals during somites mediolateral (ML) patterning. Tissue manipulations and gain and loss of function experiments for Shh and Bmp4 were performed and the results revealed that cEbf1 expression was initiated in the cranial presomitic mesoderm by low dose of Bmp4 from the lateral mesoderm and maintained in the ventromedial part of the epithelial somite and the medial sclerotome by Shh from the notochord; while cEbf2/3 expression was induced and maintained by Bmp4 and inhibited by high dose of Shh. To determine whether Ebf1 plays a role in somite patterning, transfection of a dominant-negative construct was carried out; this showed suppression of cPax1 expression in the medial sclerotome and upregulation and medial expansion of cEbf3 and cPax3 expression in sclerotome and dermomyotome, respectively, suggesting that Ebf1 is important for ML patterning. Thus, it is possible that low doses of Bmp4 set up Ebf1 expression which, together with Shh from the notochord, leads to establishment of the medial sclerotome and suppression of lateral identities. These data also conclude that Bmp4 is required in both the medial and lateral domain of the somitic mesoderm to keep the ML identity of the sclerotome through maintenance of cEbf gene expression. These striking findings are novel and give a new insight on the role of Bmp4 on mediolateral patterning of somites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A El-Magd
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kfrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Shafika A Elsayed
- Department of Histology and Cytology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Eman S El-Shetry
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Abdelfattah-Hassan
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ayman A Saleh
- Department of Animal Wealth Development, Genetics and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Steve Allen
- Department of Veterinary Basic Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Imelda McGonnell
- Department of Veterinary Basic Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ketan Patel
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
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93
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Wang C, Mbalaviele G. Role of APD-Ribosylation in Bone Health and Disease. Cells 2019; 8:cells8101201. [PMID: 31590342 PMCID: PMC6829334 DOI: 10.3390/cells8101201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The transfer of adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-ribose unit(s) from nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) to acceptor proteins is known as ADP-ribosylation. This post-translational modification (PTM) unavoidably alters protein functions and signaling networks, thereby impacting cell behaviors and tissue outcomes. As a ubiquitous mechanism, ADP-ribosylation affects multiple tissues, including bones, as abnormal ADP-ribosylation compromises bone development and remodeling. In this review, we describe the effects of ADP-ribosylation in bone development and maintenance, and highlight the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Wang
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Gabriel Mbalaviele
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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94
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Tsang KY, Cheah KS. The extended chondrocyte lineage: implications for skeletal homeostasis and disorders. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2019; 61:132-140. [PMID: 31541943 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2019.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Endochondral bone formation relies on a finely controlled sequence of chondrocyte proliferation, maturation and hypertrophy that establishes the growth plate which, combined with the deposition of bone upon the cartilage template, mediates longitudinal skeletal growth. Recent lineage studies support a chondrocyte-osteoblast differentiation continuum and the presence of skeletal stem cells within cartilage. The biological significance of the lineage extension and the mechanisms controlling the process are unclear. In this review, we describe recent work on the extended chondrocyte-osteoblast lineage and its contribution to the development, growth and repair of bone and to bone disorders that provides insight into the process and the molecular controls involved. The implications for skeletal homeostasis are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwok Yeung Tsang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kathryn Se Cheah
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.
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95
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Ambrosi TH, Longaker MT, Chan CKF. A Revised Perspective of Skeletal Stem Cell Biology. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:189. [PMID: 31572721 PMCID: PMC6753172 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone-related maladies are a major health burden on modern society. Loss of skeletal integrity and regeneration capacity through aging, obesity, and disease follows from a detrimental shift in bone formation and resorption dynamics. Targeting tissue-resident adult stem cells offers a potentially innovative paradigm in the development of therapeutic strategies against organ dysfunction. While the essential role of skeletal stem cells (SSCs) for development, growth, and maintenance of the skeleton has been generally established, a common consensus on the exact identity and definition of a pure bona fide SSC population remains elusive. The controversies stem from conflicting results between different approaches and criteria for isolation, detection, and functional evaluation; along with the interchangeable usage of the terms SSC and "mesenchymal stromal/stem cell (MSC)". A great number of prospective bone-forming stem cell populations have been reported with various characteristic markers, often describing overlapping cell populations with widely unexplored heterogeneity, species specificity, and distribution at distinct skeletal sites, bone regions, and microenvironments, thereby creating confusion that may complicate future advances in the field. In this review, we examine the state-of-the-art knowledge of SSC biology and try to establish a common ground for the definition and terminology of specific bone-resident stem cells. We also discuss recent advances in the identification of highly purified SSCs, which will allow detailed interrogation of SSC diversity and regulation at the single-cell level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas H Ambrosi
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Michael T Longaker
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States.,Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Charles K F Chan
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States.,Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
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96
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Li H, Lim HC, Zacharaki D, Xian X, Kenswil KJG, Bräunig S, Raaijmakers MHGP, Woods NB, Hansson J, Scheding S. Early growth response 1 regulates hematopoietic support and proliferation in human primary bone marrow stromal cells. Haematologica 2019; 105:1206-1215. [PMID: 31371413 PMCID: PMC7193482 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2019.216648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Human bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC) are key elements of the hematopoietic environment and they play a central role in bone and bone marrow physiology. However, how key stromal cell functions are regulated is largely unknown. We analyzed the role of the immediate early response transcription factor EGR1 as key stromal cell regulator and found that EGR1 was highly expressed in prospectively-isolated primary BMSC, down-regulated upon culture, and low in non-colony-forming CD45neg stromal cells. Furthermore, EGR1 expression was lower in proliferative regenerating adult and fetal primary cells compared to adult steady-state BMSC. Overexpression of EGR1 in stromal cells induced potent hematopoietic stroma support as indicated by an increased production of transplantable CD34+CD90+ hematopoietic stem cells in expansion co-cultures. The improvement in bone marrow stroma support function was mediated by increased expression of hematopoietic supporting genes, such as VCAM1 and CCL28. Furthermore, EGR1 overexpression markedly decreased stromal cell proliferation whereas EGR1 knockdown caused the opposite effects. These findings thus show that EGR1 is a key stromal transcription factor with a dual role in regulating proliferation and hematopoietic stroma support function that is controlling a genetic program to co-ordinate the specific functions of BMSC in their different biological contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhe Li
- Division of Molecular Hematology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Hooi-Ching Lim
- Division of Molecular Hematology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Dimitra Zacharaki
- Division of Molecular Hematology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Xiaojie Xian
- Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Division of Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Keane J G Kenswil
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sandro Bräunig
- Division of Molecular Hematology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Niels-Bjarne Woods
- Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Division of Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jenny Hansson
- Division of Molecular Hematology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Stefan Scheding
- Division of Molecular Hematology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden .,Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Hematology, Skåne University Hospital Lund, Skåne, Sweden
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97
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Galán-Díez M, Kousteni S. A bone marrow niche-derived molecular switch between osteogenesis and hematopoiesis. Genes Dev 2019; 32:324-326. [PMID: 29593065 PMCID: PMC5900706 DOI: 10.1101/gad.314013.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This Outlook by Galán-Díez and Kousteni discusses a report in this issue of Genes & Development by Seike and colleagues. This study provides novel insights into transcriptional requirements for CXCL12-abundant reticular (CAR) cell bone formation by identifying the transcription factor early B-cell factor (Ebf3) as a niche factor secreted from CAR/Lepr+ cells, regulating the interplay between osteogenesis and hematopoiesis. Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) reside and are maintained in specialized microenvironments within the bone marrow known as niches, which are comprised of various cell types. Among them, leptin receptor (LepR)-expressing CXC chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12)-abundant reticular (CAR) cells are known to create a niche for HSCs and at the same time to give rise to osteoblasts. These two functions of CAR/LepR+ cells appear to be tightly but inversely regulated to ensure adequate physical space for HSCs. However, how osteogenesis is prevented in CAR cells to maintain spaces available for HSCs and hematopoiesis remains unclear. In this issue of Genes & Development, Seike and colleagues (pp. 359–372) report that the transcription factor early B-cell factor (Ebf3) is preferentially expressed by CAR/LepR+ cells and inhibits CAR cell differentiation into osteoblasts while at the same time maintaining self-renewal of CAR/LepR+ cells. Using conditional knockout and retroviral systems, the investigators show that loss of Ebf3 in CAR cells impairs HSC numbers and leads to osteosclerosis. This study provides novel insights into transcriptional requirements for CAR cell bone formation by identifying Ebf3 as a niche factor secreted from CAR/Lepr+ cells that regulates the interplay between osteogenesis and hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Galán-Díez
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | - Stavroula Kousteni
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA
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98
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Abou-Ezzi G, Supakorndej T, Zhang J, Anthony B, Krambs J, Celik H, Karpova D, Craft CS, Link DC. TGF-β Signaling Plays an Essential Role in the Lineage Specification of Mesenchymal Stem/Progenitor Cells in Fetal Bone Marrow. Stem Cell Reports 2019; 13:48-60. [PMID: 31204302 PMCID: PMC6626889 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2019.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells are key components of hematopoietic niches in the bone marrow. Here we abrogated transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signaling in mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells (MSPCs) by deleting Tgfbr2 in mesenchymal cells using a doxycycline-repressible Sp7 (osterix)-Cre transgene. We show that loss of TGF-β signaling during fetal development results in a marked expansion of CXCL12-abundant reticular (CAR) cells and adipocytes in the bone marrow, while osteoblasts are significantly reduced. These stromal alterations are associated with significant defects in hematopoiesis, including a shift from lymphopoiesis to myelopoiesis. However, hematopoietic stem cell function is preserved. Interestingly, TGF-β signaling is dispensable for the maintenance of mesenchymal cells in the bone marrow after birth under steady-state conditions. Collectively, these data show that TGF-β plays an essential role in the lineage specification of fetal but not definitive MSPCs and is required for the establishment of normal hematopoietic niches in fetal and perinatal bone marrow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grazia Abou-Ezzi
- Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8007, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Teerawit Supakorndej
- Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8007, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jingzhu Zhang
- Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8007, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Bryan Anthony
- Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8007, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Joseph Krambs
- Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8007, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Hamza Celik
- Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8007, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Darja Karpova
- Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8007, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Clarissa S Craft
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Daniel C Link
- Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8007, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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Yurova KA, Khaziakhmatova OG, Melashchenko ES, Malashchenko VV, Shunkin EO, Shupletsova VV, Ivanov PA, Khlusov IA, Litvinova LS. Cellular and Molecular Basis of Osteoblastic and Vascular Niches in the Processes of Hematopoiesis and Bone Remodeling (A Short Review of Modern Views). Curr Pharm Des 2019; 25:663-669. [PMID: 30931856 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190329153626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In evolutionary processes, human bone marrow has formed as an organ depot of various types of cells that arise from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Vital HSC activity is controlled through molecular interactions with the niche microenvironment. The review describes current views on the formation of key molecular and cellular components of the HSC niche, which ensure maintenance of home ostasis in stem cell niches, obtained from studies of their role in regulating the proliferation and differentiation of HSCs, including the physiological, reparative and pathological remodeling of bone tissue. Due to rapid developments in biotechnology, tissue bioengineering, and regenerative medicine, information can be useful for developing biomimetic and bioinspired materials and implants that provide an effective bone/bone marrow recovery process after injuries and, to a greater extent, diseases of various etiologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina A Yurova
- Basic Laboratory of Immunology and Cell Biotechnology, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad, Russian Federation
| | - Olga G Khaziakhmatova
- Basic Laboratory of Immunology and Cell Biotechnology, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad, Russian Federation
| | - Elena S Melashchenko
- Center for Medical Biotechnology, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir V Malashchenko
- Center for Medical Biotechnology, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad, Russian Federation
| | - Egor O Shunkin
- Center for Medical Biotechnology, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad, Russian Federation
| | - Valeria V Shupletsova
- Basic Laboratory of Immunology and Cell Biotechnology, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad, Russian Federation.,Center for Medical Biotechnology, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad, Russian Federation
| | - Pavel A Ivanov
- Basic Laboratory of Immunology and Cell Biotechnology, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad, Russian Federation
| | - Igor A Khlusov
- Morphology and General Pathology Department, Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russian Federation.,Research School of Chemistry & Applied Biomedical Sciences, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Tomskaya oblast, Russian Federation
| | - Larisa S Litvinova
- Basic Laboratory of Immunology and Cell Biotechnology, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad, Russian Federation
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100
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Abstract
Accumulating evidence supports the idea that stem and progenitor cells play important roles in skeletal development. Over the last decade, the definition of skeletal stem and progenitor cells has evolved from cells simply defined by their in vitro behaviors to cells fully defined by a combination of sophisticated approaches, including serial transplantation assays and in vivo lineage-tracing experiments. These approaches have led to better identification of the characteristics of skeletal stem cells residing in multiple sites, including the perichondrium of the fetal bone, the resting zone of the postnatal growth plate, the bone marrow space and the periosteum in adulthood. These diverse groups of skeletal stem cells appear to closely collaborate and achieve a number of important biological functions of bones, including not only bone development and growth, but also bone maintenance and repair. Although these are important findings, we are only beginning to understand the diversity and the nature of skeletal stem and progenitor cells, and how they actually behave in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriaki Ono
- University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.
| | - Deepak H Balani
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Henry M Kronenberg
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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