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Ujma PP, Hajnal B, Bódizs R, Gombos F, Erőss L, Wittner L, Halgren E, Cash SS, Ulbert I, Fabó D. The laminar profile of sleep spindles in humans. Neuroimage 2020; 226:117587. [PMID: 33249216 PMCID: PMC9113200 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep spindles are functionally important NREM sleep EEG oscillations which are generated in thalamocortical, corticothalamic and possibly cortico-cortical circuits. Previous hypotheses suggested that slow and fast spindles or spindles with various spatial extent may be generated in different circuits with various cortical laminar innervation patterns. We used NREM sleep EEG data recorded from four human epileptic patients undergoing presurgical electrophysiological monitoring with subdural electrocorticographic grids (ECoG) and implanted laminar microelectrodes penetrating the cortex (IME). The position of IMEs within cortical layers was confirmed using postsurgical histological reconstructions. Many spindles detected on the IME occurred only in one layer and were absent from the ECoG, but with increasing amplitude simultaneous detection in other layers and on the ECoG became more likely. ECoG spindles were in contrast usually accompanied by IME spindles. Neither IME nor ECoG spindle cortical profiles were strongly associated with sleep spindle frequency or globality. Multiple-unit and single-unit activity during spindles, however, was heterogeneous across spindle types, but also across layers and patients. Our results indicate that extremely local spindles may occur in any cortical layer, but co-occurrence at other locations becomes likelier with increasing amplitude and the relatively large spindles detected on ECoG channels have a stereotypical laminar profile. We found no compelling evidence that different spindle types are associated with different laminar profiles, suggesting that they are generated in cortical and thalamic circuits with similar cortical innervation patterns. Local neuronal activity is a stronger candidate mechanism for driving functional differences between spindles subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Péter P Ujma
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary; Epilepsy Centrum, Dept. of Neurology, National Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, 1145 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Boglárka Hajnal
- Epilepsy Centrum, Dept. of Neurology, National Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, 1145 Budapest, Hungary; School of P.h.D. studies, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Róbert Bódizs
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary; Epilepsy Centrum, Dept. of Neurology, National Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, 1145 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Gombos
- Department of General Psychology, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, 1088 Budapest, Hungary; MTA-PPKE Adolescent Development Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 1088 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Loránd Erőss
- Epilepsy Centrum, Dept. of Neurology, National Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, 1145 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Lucia Wittner
- Epilepsy Centrum, Dept. of Neurology, National Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, 1145 Budapest, Hungary; Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Eötvös Loránd Research Network 1117 Budapest, Hungary; Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, 1088 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Eric Halgren
- Departments of Radiology and Neurosciences, University of California, 92093 San Diego CA, USA
| | - Sydney S Cash
- Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery (CNTR), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 02114 Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02115 MA, USA
| | - István Ulbert
- Epilepsy Centrum, Dept. of Neurology, National Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, 1145 Budapest, Hungary; Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Eötvös Loránd Research Network 1117 Budapest, Hungary; Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, 1088 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dániel Fabó
- Epilepsy Centrum, Dept. of Neurology, National Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, 1145 Budapest, Hungary
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Hennecke E, Lange D, Steenbergen F, Fronczek-Poncelet J, Elmenhorst D, Bauer A, Aeschbach D, Elmenhorst EM. Adverse interaction effects of chronic and acute sleep deficits on spatial working memory but not on verbal working memory or declarative memory. J Sleep Res 2020; 30:e13225. [PMID: 33169493 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The accumulation of chronic sleep deficits combined with acute sleep loss is common in shift workers and increases the risk of errors and accidents. We investigated single and combined effects of chronic and acute sleep loss and recovery sleep on working memory performance (N-back task) and on overnight declarative memory recall (paired-associate lists) in 36 healthy participants. After baseline measurements, the chronic sleep restriction group (n = 21; mean [SD] age 26 [4] years) underwent 5 nights of sleep restriction (5-hr time in bed [TIB]), whereas the control group (n = 15; mean [SD] age 28 [6] years) had 8-hr TIB during those nights. Afterwards, both groups spent 1 night with 8-hr TIB prior to acute sleep deprivation for 38 hr, and a final recovery night (10-hr TIB). Chronic sleep restriction decreased spatial N-back performance compared to baseline (omissions: p = .001; sensitivity: p = .012), but not letter N-back performance or word-pair recall. Acute sleep deprivation impaired spatial N-back performance more in the chronic sleep restriction group than in the control group (interaction between group and time awake: p ≤ .02). No group differences during acute sleep loss appeared in letter N-back performance or word recall. It is concluded that chronic sleep loss, even when followed by a night of recovery sleep, increases the vulnerability to impairments in spatial working memory during subsequent acute sleep loss. Verbal working memory and declarative memory were not affected by restricted sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Hennecke
- Department of Sleep and Human Factors Research, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center, Cologne, Germany
| | - Denise Lange
- Department of Sleep and Human Factors Research, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center, Cologne, Germany.,Institute for Occupational and Social Medicine, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Florian Steenbergen
- Department of Sleep and Human Factors Research, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - David Elmenhorst
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-2), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Andreas Bauer
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-2), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany.,Neurological Department, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Daniel Aeschbach
- Department of Sleep and Human Factors Research, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center, Cologne, Germany.,Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eva-Maria Elmenhorst
- Department of Sleep and Human Factors Research, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center, Cologne, Germany.,Institute for Occupational and Social Medicine, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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53
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Dow B, Kenardy J, Long D, Le brocque R. Children's post‐traumatic stress and the role of memory following admission to intensive care: A review. CLIN PSYCHOL-UK 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-9552.2012.00040.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Belinda Dow
- Centre of National Research on Disability and Rehabilitation Medicine, School of Medicine
- School of Psychology, University of Queensland, Brisbane
| | - Justin Kenardy
- Centre of National Research on Disability and Rehabilitation Medicine, School of Medicine
- School of Psychology, University of Queensland, Brisbane
| | - Deborah Long
- Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, Royal Children's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Robyne Le brocque
- Centre of National Research on Disability and Rehabilitation Medicine, School of Medicine
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54
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Overnight sleep benefits both neutral and negative direct associative and relational memory. COGNITIVE AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2020; 19:1391-1403. [PMID: 31468500 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-019-00746-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Strong evidence suggests that sleep plays a role in memory consolidation, which involves both stabilizing memory into long-term storage as well as integrating new information into existing stores. The current study investigated consolidation, across a day of wakefulness or night of sleep, of emotional and neutral directly learned visual paired associates (A-B/B-C pairs) as well as formation of memory for relational pairs formed via overlapping learned components (A-C pairs). Participants learned 40 negative and 40 neutral face-object pairs followed by a baseline test in session 1 either in the morning or evening. They then spent a 12-hour retention period during which participants either went about their normal day or spent the night in the sleep lab. During session 2, participants completed a surprise test to assess their memory for relational pairs (A-C) as well as memory for direct associates (A-B/B-C). As hypothesized, the results demonstrated that a 12-hour retention period predominantly spent asleep, compared to awake, benefited memory for both relational and direct associative memory. However, contrary to the hypothesis that emotional salience would promote preferential consolidation, sleep appeared to benefit both negative and neutral information similarly for direct associative and relational memories, suggesting that sleep may interact with other factors affecting encoding (e.g., depth of encoding) to benefit direct and relational associative memory. As one of the few studies examining the role of nocturnal sleep and emotion on both direct and relational associative memory, our findings suggest key insights into how overnight sleep consolidates these different forms of memory.
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Suganya K, Kayalvizhi E, Yuvaraj R, Chandrasekar M, Kavitha U, Konakanchi Suresh K. Effect of Withania Somnifera on the antioxidant and neurotransmitter status in sleep deprivation induced Wistar rats. Bioinformation 2020; 16:631-637. [PMID: 33214752 PMCID: PMC7649022 DOI: 10.6026/97320630016631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep is normally a period of relaxation and repair, important for the maintenance of physiological homeostasis and psychological balance. "Globally, millions of people experiences sleep deprivation daily". Sleep deprivation (SD) impairs cognitive functions, decreases anti-oxidative defense and induces neuronal changes. Withania somnifera (WS), commonly known as an "Indian Ginseng" has broad therapeutic applications, including anti-inflammatory activities, actions on immune system, circulatory system, central nervous system etc., The study is aimed to assess effect of Withania somnifera on antioxidant status and neurotransmitter level in sleep deprivation induced male Wistar albino rats. The study was done in the Department of Physiology, Meenakshi Medical College and Hospital, Enathur, Kanchipuram. 24 male adult Wistar rats weighing 120-150g were used for the study. They were divided into 4 groups with 6 animals in each group. (Group I - cage control, Group II - large platform control, Group III - sleep deprived group and Group IV - WS treated SD group). Animals were deprived sleep for one week using a modified multiple platform method. Oxidative stress parameters and antioxidant enzymes were measured using spectrophotometry. Neurotransmitters such as dopamine and serotonin concentration in the serum were measured by ELISA method. There was a marked (by one-way ANOVA test) decrease observed in the antioxidants enzymes in the cortex of both large platform control and sleep deprivation induced group. The group treated with W. somnifera root extract significantly reduced the free radical production and lipid peroxidation with simultaneous increase in the level of antioxidant enzymes compared to the untreated group. Also in our study the concentration of dopamine and serotonin was found to be significantly reduced (p < 0.05) in sleep deprived (SD) and large platform control group when compared to cage control group. Whereas the group treated with W. somnifera (400mg/kg b.wt) increased the neurotransmitter levels significantly. Withania somnifera proved to be an effective therapeutic agent by maintaining the antioxidant status and neurotransmitter levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Suganya
- Meenakshi Medical College Hospital and RI, Physiology, India
| | - E Kayalvizhi
- Meenakshi Medical College Hospital and RI, Physiology, India
| | | | | | - U Kavitha
- Meenakshi Medical College Hospital and RI, Physiology, India
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Diep C, Ftouni S, Manousakis JE, Nicholas CL, Drummond SPA, Anderson C. Acoustic slow wave sleep enhancement via a novel, automated device improves executive function in middle-aged men. Sleep 2020; 43:5613713. [PMID: 31691831 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsz197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES As slow-wave activity (SWA) is critical for cognition, SWA-enhancing technologies provide an exciting opportunity to improve cognitive function. We focus on improving cognitive function beyond sleep-dependent memory consolidation, using an automated device, and in middle-aged adults, who have depleted SWA yet a critical need for maximal cognitive capacity in work environments. METHODS Twenty-four healthy adult males aged 35-48 years participated in a randomized, double-blind, cross-over study. Participants wore an automated acoustic stimulation device that monitored real-time sleep EEG. Following an adaptation night, participants were exposed to either acoustic tones delivered on the up phase of the slow-wave (STIM) or inaudible "tones" during equivalent periods of stimulation (SHAM). An executive function test battery was administered after the experimental night. RESULTS STIM resulted in an increase in delta (0.5-4 Hz) activity across the full-night spectra, with enhancement being maximal at 1 Hz. SWA was higher for STIM relative to SHAM. Although no group differences were observed in any cognitive outcomes, due to large individual differences in SWA enhancement, higher SWA responders showed significantly improved verbal fluency and working memory compared with nonresponders. Significant positive associations were found between SWA enhancement and improvement in these executive function outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that (1) an automated acoustic device enhances SWA; (2) SWA enhancement improves executive function; (3) SWA enhancement in middle-aged men may be an important therapeutic target for enhancing cognitive function; and (4) there is a need to examine interindividual responses to acoustic stimulation and its effect on subsequent cognitive function. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION This study has been registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry. "The efficacy of acoustic tones in slow-wave sleep enhancement and cognitive function in healthy adult males". https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=371548&isReview=true. REGISTRATION ACTRN12617000399392.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charmaine Diep
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Cooperative Research Centre for Alertness, Safety and Productivity, Notting Hill, Victoria, Australia
| | - Suzanne Ftouni
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Cooperative Research Centre for Alertness, Safety and Productivity, Notting Hill, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jessica E Manousakis
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christian L Nicholas
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Institute for Breathing and Sleep, Austin Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sean P A Drummond
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Clare Anderson
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Cooperative Research Centre for Alertness, Safety and Productivity, Notting Hill, Victoria, Australia
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57
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Peiffer A, Brichet M, De Tiège X, Peigneux P, Urbain C. The power of children's sleep - Improved declarative memory consolidation in children compared with adults. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9979. [PMID: 32561803 PMCID: PMC7305149 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66880-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-learning slow wave sleep (SWS) is known to support declarative memory consolidation. As SWS is more abundant in young population, we suggested that sleep-dependent memory consolidation processes could occur at a faster pace in school-aged children. After learning new associations between non-objects and their functions, retrieval performance was tested in 30 children (7–12 years) and 34 adults (20–30 years) during an immediate (IR) and a delayed retrieval (DR) session separated by either a Sleep or a Wake condition. Sleep led to stabilized memory retrieval performance only in children, not in adults, whereas no age-related difference was observed after a similar period of wakefulness. Hence, our results suggest more efficient sleep-dependent declarative memory consolidation processes in children compared with adults, an effect potentially ascribed to more abundant and deeper SWS during childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Peiffer
- Laboratoire de Cartographie fonctionnelle du Cerveau (LCFC), UNI - ULB Neuroscience Institute, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium. .,Neuropsychology and Functional Imaging Research Group (UR2NF), Center for Research in Cognition and Neurosciences (CRCN), UNI - ULB Neuroscience Institute, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Maud Brichet
- Laboratoire de Cartographie fonctionnelle du Cerveau (LCFC), UNI - ULB Neuroscience Institute, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.,Neuropsychology and Functional Imaging Research Group (UR2NF), Center for Research in Cognition and Neurosciences (CRCN), UNI - ULB Neuroscience Institute, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Xavier De Tiège
- Laboratoire de Cartographie fonctionnelle du Cerveau (LCFC), UNI - ULB Neuroscience Institute, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Philippe Peigneux
- Neuropsychology and Functional Imaging Research Group (UR2NF), Center for Research in Cognition and Neurosciences (CRCN), UNI - ULB Neuroscience Institute, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Charline Urbain
- Laboratoire de Cartographie fonctionnelle du Cerveau (LCFC), UNI - ULB Neuroscience Institute, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium. .,Neuropsychology and Functional Imaging Research Group (UR2NF), Center for Research in Cognition and Neurosciences (CRCN), UNI - ULB Neuroscience Institute, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.
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58
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Examining sleep’s role in memory generalization and specificity through the lens of targeted memory reactivation. Curr Opin Behav Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cobeha.2020.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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59
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Hong J, Ha GE, Kwak H, Lee Y, Jeong H, Suh PG, Cheong E. Destabilization of light NREM sleep by thalamic PLCβ4 deletion impairs sleep-dependent memory consolidation. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8813. [PMID: 32483199 PMCID: PMC7264240 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64377-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep abnormality often accompanies the impairment of cognitive function. Both rapid eye movement (REM) and non-REM (NREM) sleep have associated with improved memory performance. However, the role of composition in NREM sleep, consisting of light and deep NREM, for memory formation is not fully understood. We investigated how the dynamics of NREM sleep states influence memory consolidation. Thalamocortical (TC) neuron-specific phospholipase C β4 (PLCβ4) knockout (KO) increased the total duration of NREM sleep, consisting of destabilized light NREM and stabilized deep NREM. Surprisingly, the longer NREM sleep did not improve memory consolidation but rather impaired it in TC-specific PLCβ4 KO mice. Memory function was positively correlated with the stability of light NREM and spindle activity occurring in maintained light NREM period. Our study suggests that a single molecule, PLCβ4, in TC neurons is critical for tuning the NREM sleep states and thus affects sleep-dependent memory formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joohyeon Hong
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Go Eun Ha
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hankyul Kwak
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Yelin Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonyeong Jeong
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Pann-Ghill Suh
- School of Life Science, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
- Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, 41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunji Cheong
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
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60
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Gomez Fonseca A, Genzel L. Sleep and academic performance: considering amount, quality and timing. Curr Opin Behav Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cobeha.2019.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Hołda M, Głodek A, Dankiewicz-Berger M, Skrzypińska D, Szmigielska B. Ill-Defined Problem Solving Does Not Benefit From Daytime Napping. Front Psychol 2020; 11:559. [PMID: 32328010 PMCID: PMC7161088 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The main goal of the present study was to explore the role of sleep in the process of ill-defined problem solving. The results of previous studies indicate that various cognitive processes are largely dependent on the quality and quantity of sleep. However, while sleep-related memory consolidation seems to be well-grounded, with regard to the impact of sleep on problem solving, existing research yields mixed and rather inconclusive results. Moreover, this effect has been mainly tested using simple and well-defined, common laboratory problems, such as the remote associate test (RAT), crossword and anagram puzzles, numeric and logic problems, etc. What is lacking is research on the effect of sleep on solving more complex and more real-life oriented ill-defined problems. In the present study, we hypothesized that sleep can improve performance in solving this kind of problems. The study involved 40 participants, randomly assigned to two experimental conditions: sleep group and waking group. The experimental protocol comprised three stages: problem presentation, retention interval, and testing stage. The problem was presented to the participants in the form of an interactive computer game concerning a complex, elaborate crime story. During the retention interval, the participants—depending on the condition—took a nap or stayed awake; sleeping participants underwent polysomnography recording, while waking participants performed activities not related to the experimental problem. In the testing stage, participants tried to solve the presented problem. The solutions generated were assessed both for quality (reasonableness, consistency, and story recall) and creativity (fluency, flexibility, originality, and elaboration). Contrary to expectations, we found no effect of sleep on ill-defined problem solving. Neither quality nor creativity of the solutions generated by the participants was higher in the nap group than in the waking group. There were also no performance improvements with regard to any sleep stage or incidence of dreams. Our study adds to a growing body of evidence that sleep probably might provide an incubation gap, but not a facilitating environment serving the purpose of problem solving, at least with regard to ill-defined problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Hołda
- Section of Sleep Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Cracow, Poland
| | - Anna Głodek
- Section of Sleep Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Cracow, Poland
| | - Malwina Dankiewicz-Berger
- Department of Educational Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Pedagogical University of Cracow, Cracow, Poland
| | - Dagna Skrzypińska
- Section of Sleep Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Cracow, Poland
| | - Barbara Szmigielska
- Section of Sleep Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Cracow, Poland
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Schreiner T, Staudigl T. Electrophysiological signatures of memory reactivation in humans. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2020; 375:20190293. [PMID: 32248789 PMCID: PMC7209925 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2019.0293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The reactivation of neural activity that was present during the encoding of an event is assumed to be essential for human episodic memory retrieval and the consolidation of memories during sleep. Pioneering animal work has already established a crucial role of memory reactivation to prepare and guide behaviour. Research in humans is now delineating the neural processes involved in memory reactivation during both wakefulness and sleep as well as their functional significance. Focusing on the electrophysiological signatures of memory reactivation in humans during both memory retrieval and sleep-related consolidation, this review provides an overview of the state of the art in the field. We outline recent advances, methodological developments and open questions and specifically highlight commonalities and differences in the neuronal signatures of memory reactivation during the states of wakefulness and sleep. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue ‘Memory reactivation: replaying events past, present and future’.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Schreiner
- School of Psychology and Centre for Human Brain Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Department of Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Tobias Staudigl
- Department of Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
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63
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Muehlroth BE, Sander MC, Fandakova Y, Grandy TH, Rasch B, Lee Shing Y, Werkle-Bergner M. Memory quality modulates the effect of aging on memory consolidation during sleep: Reduced maintenance but intact gain. Neuroimage 2020; 209:116490. [PMID: 31883456 PMCID: PMC7068706 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.116490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Successful consolidation of associative memories relies on the coordinated interplay of slow oscillations and sleep spindles during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep. This enables the transfer of labile information from the hippocampus to permanent memory stores in the neocortex. During senescence, the decline of the structural and functional integrity of the hippocampus and neocortical regions is paralleled by changes of the physiological events that stabilize and enhance associative memories during NREM sleep. However, the currently available evidence is inconclusive as to whether and under which circumstances memory consolidation is impacted during aging. To approach this question, 30 younger adults (19-28 years) and 36 older adults (63-74 years) completed a memory task based on scene-word associations. By tracing the encoding quality of participants' individual memory associations, we demonstrate that previous learning determines the extent of age-related impairments in memory consolidation. Specifically, the detrimental effects of aging on memory maintenance were greatest for mnemonic contents of intermediate encoding quality, whereas memory gain of poorly encoded memories did not differ by age. Ambulatory polysomnography (PSG) and structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data were acquired to extract potential predictors of memory consolidation from each participant's NREM sleep physiology and brain structure. Partial Least Squares Correlation was used to identify profiles of interdependent alterations in sleep physiology and brain structure that are characteristic for increasing age. Across age groups, both the 'aged' sleep profile, defined by decreased slow-wave activity (0.5-4.5 Hz), and a reduced presence of slow oscillations (0.5-1 Hz), slow, and fast spindles (9-12.5 Hz; 12.5-16 Hz), as well as the 'aged' brain structure profile, characterized by gray matter reductions in the medial prefrontal cortex, thalamus, entorhinal cortex, and hippocampus, were associated with reduced memory maintenance. However, inter-individual differences in neither sleep nor structural brain integrity alone qualified as the driving force behind age differences in sleep-dependent consolidation in the present study. Our results underscore the need for novel and age-fair analytic tools to provide a mechanistic understanding of age differences in memory consolidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beate E Muehlroth
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Lentzeallee 94, 14195, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Myriam C Sander
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Lentzeallee 94, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yana Fandakova
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Lentzeallee 94, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas H Grandy
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Lentzeallee 94, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Björn Rasch
- Department of Psychology, University of Fribourg, Rue P.-A.-de-Faucigny 2, 1701, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Yee Lee Shing
- Department of Developmental Psychology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-W.-Adorno-Platz 6, 60629, Frankfurt Am Main, Germany
| | - Markus Werkle-Bergner
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Lentzeallee 94, 14195, Berlin, Germany.
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64
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Lukowski AF, Slonecker EM, Milojevich HM. Sleep problems and recall memory in children with Down syndrome and typically developing controls. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2020; 96:103512. [PMID: 31743853 PMCID: PMC7316139 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2019.103512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research conducted with typically developing (TD) infants and children generally indicates that better habitual sleep and sleep after learning are related to enhanced memory. Less is known, however, about associations between sleep and recall memory in children with Down syndrome (DS). AIMS The present study was conducted to determine whether parent-reported sleep problems were differentially associated with encoding, 1-month delayed recall memory, and forgetting over time in children with DS and those who were TD. METHODS AND PROCEDURES Ten children with DS (mean age = 33 months, 5 days) and 10 TD children (mean age = 21 months, 6 days) participated in a two-session study. At each session, recall memory was assessed using an elicited imitation paradigm. Immediate imitation was permitted at the first session as an index of encoding, and delayed recall was assessed 1 month later. In addition, parents provided demographic information and reported on child sleep problems. OUTCOMES AND RESULTS Although parents did not report more frequent sleep problems for children with DS relative to TD children, regression-based moderation analyses revealed that more frequent sleep problems were associated with increased forgetting of individual target actions and their order by children with DS. Evidence of moderation was not found when examining encoding or delayed recall. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Although group differences were not found when considering parent-reported sleep problems, more frequent sleep problems were positively associated with increased forgetting by children with DS relative to those who were TD. Although future experimental work is needed to determine causality, these results suggest that improved sleep in children with DS might reduce forgetting, ultimately improving long-term recall memory.
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Rahman MA, Aribisala BS, Ullah I, Omer H. Association between scripture memorization and brain atrophy using magnetic resonance imaging. Acta Neurobiol Exp (Wars) 2020. [DOI: 10.21307/ane-2020-009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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66
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Caro MF, Josyula DP, Madera DP, Kennedy CM, Gómez AA. The CARINA Metacognitive Architecture. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COGNITIVE INFORMATICS AND NATURAL INTELLIGENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.4018/ijcini.2019100104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Metacognition has been used in artificial intelligence to increase the level of autonomy of intelligent systems. However, the design of systems with metacognitive capabilities is a difficult task due to the number and complexity of processes involved. The main objective of this article is to introduce a novel metacognitive architecture for monitoring and control of reasoning failures in artificial intelligent agents. CARINA metacognitive architecture is based on precise definitions of structural and functional elements of metacognition as defined in the MISM meta-model. CARINA can be used to implement real-world cognitive agents with the capability for introspective monitoring and meta-level control. Introspective monitoring detects reasoning failure (for example, when expectation is violated). Metacognitive control selects strategies to recover from failures. The article demonstrates a CARINA implementation of reasoning failure detection and recovery in an intelligent tutoring system called FUNPRO.
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Scarpelli S, Bartolacci C, D'Atri A, Gorgoni M, De Gennaro L. Mental Sleep Activity and Disturbing Dreams in the Lifespan. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E3658. [PMID: 31569467 PMCID: PMC6801786 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16193658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Sleep significantly changes across the lifespan, and several studies underline its crucial role in cognitive functioning. Similarly, mental activity during sleep tends to covary with age. This review aims to analyze the characteristics of dreaming and disturbing dreams at different age brackets. On the one hand, dreams may be considered an expression of brain maturation and cognitive development, showing relations with memory and visuo-spatial abilities. Some investigations reveal that specific electrophysiological patterns, such as frontal theta oscillations, underlie dreams during sleep, as well as episodic memories in the waking state, both in young and older adults. On the other hand, considering the role of dreaming in emotional processing and regulation, the available literature suggests that mental sleep activity could have a beneficial role when stressful events occur at different age ranges. We highlight that nightmares and bad dreams might represent an attempt to cope the adverse events, and the degrees of cognitive-brain maturation could impact on these mechanisms across the lifespan. Future investigations are necessary to clarify these relations. Clinical protocols could be designed to improve cognitive functioning and emotional regulation by modifying the dream contents or the ability to recall/non-recall them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Scarpelli
- Department of Psychology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Via dei Marsi, 78, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Chiara Bartolacci
- Department of Psychology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Via dei Marsi, 78, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Aurora D'Atri
- Department of Psychology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Via dei Marsi, 78, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Maurizio Gorgoni
- Department of Psychology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Via dei Marsi, 78, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Luigi De Gennaro
- Department of Psychology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Via dei Marsi, 78, 00185 Rome, Italy.
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00142 Rome, Italy.
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King E, Campbell A, Belger A, Grewen K. Prenatal Nicotine Exposure Disrupts Infant Neural Markers of Orienting. Nicotine Tob Res 2019; 20:897-902. [PMID: 29059450 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntx177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Prenatal nicotine exposure (PNE) from maternal cigarette smoking is linked to developmental deficits, including impaired auditory processing, language, generalized intelligence, attention, and sleep. Fetal brain undergoes massive growth, organization, and connectivity during gestation, making it particularly vulnerable to neurotoxic insult. Nicotine binds to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, which are extensively involved in growth, connectivity, and function of developing neural circuitry and neurotransmitter systems. Thus, PNE may have long-term impact on neurobehavioral development. The purpose of this study was to compare the auditory K-complex, an event-related potential reflective of auditory gating, sleep preservation and memory consolidation during sleep, in infants with and without PNE and to relate these neural correlates to neurobehavioral development. Methods We compared brain responses to an auditory paired-click paradigm in 3- to 5-month-old infants during Stage 2 sleep, when the K-complex is best observed. We measured component amplitude and delta activity during the K-complex. Results Infants with PNE demonstrated significantly smaller amplitude of the N550 component and reduced delta-band power within elicited K-complexes compared to nonexposed infants and also were less likely to orient with a head turn to a novel auditory stimulus (bell ring) when awake. Conclusions PNE may impair auditory sensory gating, which may contribute to disrupted sleep and to reduced auditory discrimination and learning, attention re-orienting, and/or arousal during wakefulness reported in other studies. Implications Links between PNE and reduced K-complex amplitude and delta power may represent altered cholinergic and GABAergic synaptic programming and possibly reflect early neural bases for PNE-linked disruptions in sleep quality and auditory processing. These may pose significant disadvantage for language acquisition, attention, and social interaction necessary for academic and social success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin King
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina School of Medicine
| | - Alana Campbell
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina School of Medicine
| | - Aysenil Belger
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina School of Medicine
| | - Karen Grewen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina School of Medicine
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O’Connor RJ, Riggs KJ. Adult Fast-Mapping Memory Research Is Based on a Misinterpretation of Developmental-Word-Learning Data. CURRENT DIRECTIONS IN PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/0963721419858426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Fast mapping is often used to refer to children’s remarkable ability to learn the meanings of new words with minimal exposure and in ambiguous contexts. It is one thing to claim that children are capable of learning words this way; it is another to claim that this ability relies on a specific fast-mapping neurocognitive mechanism that is critical for early word learning. Yet that claim has recently been made in adult memory research and used as a theoretical justification for research into an adult fast-mapping mechanism. In this review, we explain why the existence of such a mechanism in children is not supported by developmental research and explore the implications for adult fast-mapping data and research.
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Papalambros NA, Weintraub S, Chen T, Grimaldi D, Santostasi G, Paller KA, Zee PC, Malkani RG. Acoustic enhancement of sleep slow oscillations in mild cognitive impairment. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2019; 6:1191-1201. [PMID: 31353857 PMCID: PMC6649400 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Slow-wave activity (SWA) during sleep is reduced in people with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and is related to sleep-dependent memory consolidation. Acoustic stimulation of slow oscillations has proven effective in enhancing SWA and memory in younger and older adults. In this study we aimed to determine whether acoustic stimulation during sleep boosts SWA and improves memory performance in people with aMCI. METHODS Nine adults with aMCI (72 ± 8.7 years) completed one night of acoustic stimulation (stim) and one night of sham stimulation (sham) in a blinded, randomized crossover study. Acoustic stimuli were delivered phase-locked to the upstate of the endogenous sleep slow-waves. Participants completed a declarative recall task with 44 word-pairs before and after sleep. RESULTS During intervals of acoustic stimulation, SWA increased by >10% over sham intervals (P < 0.01), but memory recall increased in only five of the nine patients. The increase in SWA with stimulation was associated with improved morning word recall (r = 0.78, P = 0.012). INTERPRETATION Acoustic stimulation delivered during slow-wave sleep over one night was effective for enhancing SWA in individuals with aMCI. Given established relationships between SWA and memory, a larger or more prolonged enhancement may be needed to consistently improve memory in aMCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelly A. Papalambros
- Department of NeurologyNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIllinois
- Center for Circadian and Sleep MedicineNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIllinois
| | - Sandra Weintraub
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease, Northwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIllinois
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIllinois
| | - Tammy Chen
- Department of NeurologyNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIllinois
- Center for Circadian and Sleep MedicineNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIllinois
| | - Daniela Grimaldi
- Department of NeurologyNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIllinois
- Center for Circadian and Sleep MedicineNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIllinois
| | - Giovanni Santostasi
- Department of NeurologyNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIllinois
- DeepWave TechnologiesEncinitasCalifornia
| | - Ken A. Paller
- Department of PsychologyNorthwestern UniversityEvanstonIllinois
| | - Phyllis C. Zee
- Department of NeurologyNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIllinois
- Center for Circadian and Sleep MedicineNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIllinois
| | - Roneil G. Malkani
- Department of NeurologyNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIllinois
- Center for Circadian and Sleep MedicineNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIllinois
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Kun X, Cai Hong H, Subramanian P. Melatonin and sleep. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2018.1443554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Kun
- Department 3 of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hu Cai Hong
- Department 3 of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Perumal Subramanian
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, India
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Zhang Y, Gruber R. Can Slow-Wave Sleep Enhancement Improve Memory? A Review of Current Approaches and Cognitive Outcomes. THE YALE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2019; 92:63-80. [PMID: 30923474 PMCID: PMC6430170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Slow-wave sleep (SWS) is involved in the overnight consolidation of declarative memories. Recent efforts using auditory stimulation, slow-oscillatory transcranial direct current stimulation (so-tDCS), and pharmacological agents have targeted sleep slow-waves as a method for enhancing cognitive performance. However, no studies thus far have integrated current evidence to provide a preliminary review of the effects of SWS enhancement on memory and other cognitive outcomes. The objective of this review was to synthesize the results of recent experimental studies that have used auditory stimulation, electrical, and pharmacological methods to boost both SWS and cognitive performance. A systematic review was done to identify and consolidate all currently existing empirical studies in this area. We found that each stimulation method could enhance slow-wave power and/or SWS duration in human subjects. Closed-loop, in-phase auditory stimulation enhanced verbal declarative memory in healthy adults. Electrical stimulation using so-tDCS showed some efficacy in promoting verbal declarative memory, picture recognition memory, and location memory. Interleukin-6 and sodium oxybate enhanced declarative verbal memory, while tiagabine and sodium oxybate improved some non-memory measures of cognitive performance. There is some evidence that so-tDCS can also improve certain cognitive outcomes in clinical populations. Overall, future studies should recruit larger sample sizes drawn from more diverse populations, and determine clinical significance and effect sizes of each enhancement methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Zhang
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Reut Gruber
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada,To whom all correspondence should be addressed: Reut Gruber, PhD Psychologist; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University; Director of Attention Behavior and Sleep Lab, Douglas Mental Health University Institute; 6875 LaSalle Blvd, Montréal, QC, Canada H4H 1R3; Tel: 5147616131 ext. 3476;
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Abichou K, La Corte V, Hubert N, Orriols E, Gaston-Bellegarde A, Nicolas S, Piolino P. Young and Older Adults Benefit From Sleep, but Not From Active Wakefulness for Memory Consolidation of What-Where-When Naturalistic Events. Front Aging Neurosci 2019; 11:58. [PMID: 30949043 PMCID: PMC6435496 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
An extensive psychological literature shows that sleep actively promotes human episodic memory (EM) consolidation in younger adults. However, evidence for the benefit of sleep for EM consolidation in aging is still elusive. In addition, most of the previous studies used EM assessments that are very different from everyday life conditions and are far from considering all the hallmarks of this memory system. In this study, the effect of an extended period of sleep was compared to the effect of an extended period of active wakefulness on the EM consolidation of naturalistic events, using a novel (What-Where-When) EM task, rich in perceptual details and spatio-temporal context, presented in a virtual environment. We investigated the long-term What-Where-When and Details binding performances of young and elderly people before and after an interval of sleep or active wakefulness. Although we found a noticeable age-related decline in EM, both age groups benefited from sleep, but not from active wakefulness. In younger adults, only the period of sleep significantly enhanced the capacity to associate different components of EM (binding performance) and more specifically the free recall of what-when information. Interestingly, in the elderly, sleep significantly enhanced not only the recall of factual elements but also associated details and contextual information as well as the amount of high feature binding (i.e., What-Where-When and Details). Thus, this study evidences the benefit of sleep, and the detrimental effect of active wakefulness, on long-term feature binding, which is one of the core characteristics of EM, and its effectiveness in normal aging. However, further research should investigate whether this benefit is specific to sleep or more generally results from the effect of a post-learning period of reduced interference, which could also concern quiet wakefulness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kouloud Abichou
- Laboratoire Mémoire Cerveau et Cognition (MC2Lab EA 7536), Institut de Psychologie, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Valentina La Corte
- Laboratoire Mémoire Cerveau et Cognition (MC2Lab EA 7536), Institut de Psychologie, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Boulogne-Billancourt, France.,Institute of Memory and Alzheimer's Disease, Department of Neurology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Hubert
- Laboratoire Mémoire Cerveau et Cognition (MC2Lab EA 7536), Institut de Psychologie, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Eric Orriols
- Laboratoire Mémoire Cerveau et Cognition (MC2Lab EA 7536), Institut de Psychologie, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Alexandre Gaston-Bellegarde
- Laboratoire Mémoire Cerveau et Cognition (MC2Lab EA 7536), Institut de Psychologie, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Serge Nicolas
- Laboratoire Mémoire Cerveau et Cognition (MC2Lab EA 7536), Institut de Psychologie, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Boulogne-Billancourt, France.,Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Pascale Piolino
- Laboratoire Mémoire Cerveau et Cognition (MC2Lab EA 7536), Institut de Psychologie, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Boulogne-Billancourt, France.,Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
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Li H, Yu F, Sun X, Xu L, Miu J, Xiao P. Dihydromyricetin ameliorates memory impairment induced by acute sleep deprivation. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 853:220-228. [PMID: 30876981 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Dihydromyricetin (DHM), the major bioactive flavonoid ingredient extracted from the leaves of Ampelopsis grossedentata (Hand.-Mazz) W.T. Wang displays multiple pharmacological activities, including oxidation resistance, anti-tumour properties and free radical scavenging capacities. However, the role of DHM in sleep deprivation (SD)-induced memory impairments and its underlying molecular mechanisms are unclear. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of DHM on oxidative stress and its role in ameliorating memory impairment induced by acute SD. DHM (100, 50, 25 mg/kg) and melatonin (10 mg/kg) were administered to mice via oral gavage. The open field test was used to evaluate motor function. Spatial learning and memory were assessed using the Morris water maze task. Malondialdehyde, glutathione, and glutathione disulfide levels, as well as superoxide dismutase enzyme activity, were assessed to determine the level of oxidative stress. In addition, we employed quantitative real-time PCR assays to examine the gene expression of 29 key proteins, including protein kinase A (PKA), cAMP response element binding protein (CREB), and adcy1. The levels of proteins including those of GABABRS, GABAARα5, GluR1, BDNF and PSD95, were detected by western blotting. The results showed that DHM significantly attenuated SD-induced spatial learning and memory impairments (P < 0.01). The possible underlying mechanisms of DHM may be attributed to its ability to reduce oxidative stress and restore synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxiang Li
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 151 Malianwa North Road, Beijing 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, 151 Malianwa North Road, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Fan Yu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 151 Malianwa North Road, Beijing 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, 151 Malianwa North Road, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Xiaoyuan Sun
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 151 Malianwa North Road, Beijing 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, 151 Malianwa North Road, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Lijia Xu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 151 Malianwa North Road, Beijing 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, 151 Malianwa North Road, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Jianhua Miu
- Guangxi Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Nanning, 189 Changgang Road, Nanning 520023, China.
| | - Peigen Xiao
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 151 Malianwa North Road, Beijing 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, 151 Malianwa North Road, Beijing 100193, China.
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Langille JJ. Remembering to Forget: A Dual Role for Sleep Oscillations in Memory Consolidation and Forgetting. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:71. [PMID: 30930746 PMCID: PMC6425990 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been known since the time of patient H. M. and Karl Lashley's equipotentiality studies that the hippocampus and cortex serve mnestic functions. Current memory models maintain that these two brain structures accomplish unique, but interactive, memory functions. Specifically, most modeling suggests that memories are rapidly acquired during waking experience by the hippocampus, before being later consolidated into the cortex for long-term storage. Sleep has been shown to be critical for the transfer and consolidation of memories in the cortex. Like memory consolidation, a role for sleep in adaptive forgetting has both historical precedent, as Francis Crick suggested in 1983 that sleep was for "reverse-learning," and recent empirical support. In this article I review the evidence indicating that the same brain activity involved in sleep replay associated memory consolidation is responsible for sleep-dependent forgetting. In reviewing the literature, it became clear that both a cellular mechanism for systems consolidation and an agreed upon general, as well as cellular, mechanism for sleep-dependent forgetting is seldom discussed or is lacking. I advocate here for a candidate cellular systems consolidation mechanism wherein changes in calcium kinetics and the activation of consolidative signaling cascades arise from the triple phase locking of non-rapid eye movement sleep (NREMS) slow oscillation, sleep spindle and sharp-wave ripple rhythms. I go on to speculatively consider several sleep stage specific forgetting mechanisms and conclude by discussing a notional function of NREM-rapid eye movement sleep (REMS) cycling. The discussed model argues that the cyclical organization of sleep functions to first lay down and edit and then stabilize and integrate engrams. All things considered, it is increasingly clear that hallmark sleep stage rhythms, including several NREMS oscillations and the REMS hippocampal theta rhythm, serve the dual function of enabling simultaneous memory consolidation and adaptive forgetting. Specifically, the same sleep rhythms that consolidate new memories, in the cortex and hippocampus, simultaneously organize the adaptive forgetting of older memories in these brain regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse J Langille
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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76
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Lukowski AF, Milojevich HM, Eales L. Cognitive Functioning in Children with Down Syndrome: Current Knowledge and Future Directions. ADVANCES IN CHILD DEVELOPMENT AND BEHAVIOR 2019; 56:257-289. [PMID: 30846049 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acdb.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Infants and children with Down syndrome (DS) can look forward toward bright futures, as individuals with DS are living healthier, more productive lives than ever due to medical advances, opportunities for early and continued intervention, and inclusive education. Despite these advances, infants and children with DS experience challenges in specific domains of cognitive functioning relative to their typically developing (TD) peers. Over the long term, individuals with DS are also more likely to develop Alzheimer's disease relative to the general population. Understanding cognitive functioning early in life may be important in charting cognitive decline over time. This chapter synthesizes the literature on cognitive functioning in infants and children with DS specific to general intelligence or IQ, language development, recall memory, and executive functioning, with additional focus on critical issues and future directions. These research findings provide important information for understanding cognitive competencies and intervention opportunities for children with DS and also serves to provide a foundation from which to plan longitudinal studies examining stability and change in cognitive functioning over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela F Lukowski
- Department of Psychological Science, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States.
| | - Helen M Milojevich
- Center for Developmental Science, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Lauren Eales
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
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The association between sleep and dual-task performance in preterm and full-term children: an exploratory study. Sleep Med 2019; 55:100-108. [PMID: 30772694 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2018.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present study explored associations between sleep and children's dual-task performance using cognitive-motor dual tasks (eg, walking and talking). Previous research with older adults indicated correlations between higher gait variability and unfavorable sleep continuity variables. Based on this research, as a first objective, we investigated similar correlations in a sample of children. Second, we explored correlations between dual-task performance and dimensions of sleep architecture. Third, we tested moderating effects of prematurity on these associations. METHODS In this study, 7-to 12-year-old children were tested in dual-task situations; of those, 39 were formerly preterm, and 59 were full-term born children. They were asked to walk and simultaneously perform different cognitive tasks. Gait was measured using an electronic walkway system. Sleep was measured using in-home sleep-electroencephalography. RESULTS After accounting for age and cognition, regression analyses revealed correlations between a higher number of awakenings after sleep onset and lower dual-task performance; concerning sleep architecture, analyses revealed correlations between a higher amount of rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep and lower gait variability. Furthermore, associations between a higher amount of slow wave sleep (SWS) and children's higher cognitive performance were found. Moderation analyses indicated no effects of prematurity. CONCLUSIONS Our exploratory study suggests that a more disrupted sleep was related to children's poorer dual-task performance. Our findings support claims that REM sleep seems more related to performance in procedural tasks whereas SWS seems more related to performance in declarative tasks, suggesting that different sleep stages may support the processing of different performance types.
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Grospietsch F, Mayer J. Pre-service Science Teachers' Neuroscience Literacy: Neuromyths and a Professional Understanding of Learning and Memory. Front Hum Neurosci 2019; 13:20. [PMID: 30890924 PMCID: PMC6413703 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2019.00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Transferring current research findings on the topic of learning and memory to “brain-based” learning in schools is of great interest among teachers. However, numerous international studies demonstrate that both pre-service and in-service teachers do not always succeed. Instead, they transfer numerous misconceptions about neuroscience, known as neuromyths, into pedagogical practice. As a result, researchers call for more neuroscience in teacher education in order to create a professional understanding of learning and memory. German pre-service science teachers specializing in biology complete neuroscientific modules (human biology/animal physiology) during their studies because they are expected to teach these topics to their students. Thus, they are required to demonstrate a certain degree of neuroscience literacy. In the present study, 550 pre-service science teachers were surveyed on neuromyths and scientific concepts about learning and memory. Pre-service science teachers’ scientific concepts increased over the course of their training. However, beliefs in neuromyths were independent of participants’ status within teacher education (first-year students, advanced students, and post-graduate trainees). The results showed that 10 neuromyths were endorsed by more than 50% of prospective science teachers. Beliefs in the existence of learning styles (93%) and the effectiveness of Brain Gym (92%) were most widespread. Many myths were endorsed even though a large share of respondents had thematically similar scientific concepts; endorsement of neuromyths was found to be largely independent of professional knowledge as well as theory-based and biography-based learning beliefs about neuroscience and learning. Our results suggest that neuromyths can exist in parallel to scientific concepts, professional knowledge and beliefs and are resistant to formal education. From the perspective of conceptual change theory, they thus exhibit characteristic traits of misconceptions that cannot simply be counteracted with increased neuroscientific knowledge. On the basis of our study’s findings, it can be concluded that new teacher programs considering neuromyths as change-resistant misconceptions are needed to professionalize pre-service science teachers’ neuroscience literacy. For this, an intensive web of exchange between the education field and neuroscientists is required, not just to deploy the latest scientific insights to refute neuromyths on learning and memory, but also to identify further neuromyths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Finja Grospietsch
- Department of Biology Education, University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany
| | - Jürgen Mayer
- Department of Biology Education, University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany
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Muehlroth BE, Sander MC, Fandakova Y, Grandy TH, Rasch B, Shing YL, Werkle-Bergner M. Precise Slow Oscillation-Spindle Coupling Promotes Memory Consolidation in Younger and Older Adults. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1940. [PMID: 30760741 PMCID: PMC6374430 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36557-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Memory consolidation during sleep relies on the precisely timed interaction of rhythmic neural events. Here, we investigate differences in slow oscillations (SO; 0.5-1 Hz), sleep spindles (SP), and their coupling across the adult human lifespan and ask whether observed alterations relate to the ability to retain associative memories across sleep. We demonstrate that older adults do not show the fine-tuned coupling of fast SPs (12.5-16 Hz) to the SO peak present in younger adults but, instead, are characterized most by a slow SP power increase (9-12.5 Hz) at the end of the SO up-state. This slow SP power increase, typical for older adults, coincides with worse memory consolidation in young age already, whereas the tight precision of SO-fast SP coupling promotes memory consolidation across younger and older adults. Crucially, brain integrity in source regions of SO and SP generation, including the medial prefrontal cortex, thalamus, hippocampus and entorhinal cortex, reinforces this beneficial SO-SP coupling in old age. Our results reveal that cognitive functioning is not only determined by maintaining structural brain integrity across the adult lifespan, but also by the preservation of precisely timed neural interactions during sleep that enable the consolidation of declarative memories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beate E Muehlroth
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Myriam C Sander
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yana Fandakova
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas H Grandy
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
| | - Björn Rasch
- Department of Psychology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Yee Lee Shing
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Developmental Psychology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Markus Werkle-Bergner
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany.
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Perrault AA, Khani A, Quairiaux C, Kompotis K, Franken P, Muhlethaler M, Schwartz S, Bayer L. Whole-Night Continuous Rocking Entrains Spontaneous Neural Oscillations with Benefits for Sleep and Memory. Curr Biol 2019; 29:402-411.e3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2018.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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81
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Franco P, Guyon A, Stagnara C, Flori S, Bat-Pitault F, Lin JS, Patural H, Plancoulaine S. Early polysomnographic characteristics associated with neurocognitive development at 36 months of age. Sleep Med 2019; 60:13-19. [PMID: 30718076 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2018.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies on the relationship between sleep quantity and/or quality and cognition have been conducted among preschoolers from the healthy general population. We aimed to identify, among 3-year-old children, early polysomnography (PSG) sleep factors associated with estimated intelligence quotient (IQ) using the Weschler Preschool and Primary Scale Intelligence-III test (WPPSI-III) and its indicators: full-scale (FISQ), verbal (VIQ), and performance (PIQ) intelligence quotients. METHODS We included full-term children from the French birth-cohort AuBE with PSG recording at term (M0) and/or six months (M6), and available WPPSI-III scores at three years. Sleep and arousal characteristics of these infants were evaluated during day and night sleep periods. Relationships between IQ scores and sleep parameters were estimated using models with the child as a repeated effect adjusted for time (night/day), maturation (M0/M6), tobacco exposure (yes/no), anxiety-depressive scores during pregnancy, maternal age, duration of breastfeeding and child's gender. RESULTS A total of 118 PSG recordings were obtained, representing a total of 78 unique children (38 with one PSG and 40 with two PSG). No correlations were found between night and day sleep durations at M0 or M6. Mean VIQ, PIQ, and FSIQ scores were within normal ranges. In multivariate models, longer sleep duration and higher sleep efficiency during the day were negatively associated with all IQ scores. More frequent arousals during the night were associated with lower VIQ scores. CONCLUSION Early sleep characteristics such as night sleep fragmentation or longer naps could be associated with impaired cognitive function at three years of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Franco
- Sleep Pediatric Unit, Woman Mother Child Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon1 University, F-69500, France; Physiology of Brain Arousal System Research Laboratory, CRNL, INSERM-U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Lyon1 University, Lyon, F-69000, France.
| | - Aurore Guyon
- Sleep Pediatric Unit, Woman Mother Child Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon1 University, F-69500, France; Physiology of Brain Arousal System Research Laboratory, CRNL, INSERM-U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Lyon1 University, Lyon, F-69000, France
| | - Camille Stagnara
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pediatric Medicine, CHU de Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, F-42055, France
| | - Sophie Flori
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pediatric Medicine, CHU de Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, F-42055, France; EA SNA-EPIS Research Laboratory 4607, Jean Monnet University, Saint-Etienne, F-42027, France
| | - Flora Bat-Pitault
- Child and Adolescent Psychopathology Unit, Salvator Hospital, Public Assistance-Marseille Hospitals, Aix-Marseille II University, Marseille, F-13000, France
| | - Jian-Sheng Lin
- Physiology of Brain Arousal System Research Laboratory, CRNL, INSERM-U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Lyon1 University, Lyon, F-69000, France
| | - Hugues Patural
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pediatric Medicine, CHU de Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, F-42055, France; EA SNA-EPIS Research Laboratory 4607, Jean Monnet University, Saint-Etienne, F-42027, France
| | - Sabine Plancoulaine
- INSERM, UMR1153, Center for Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), EArly life Research on later Health Team (EARoH), Univ Paris-Descartes, Paris, France
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82
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Naji M, Krishnan GP, McDevitt EA, Bazhenov M, Mednick SC. Coupling of autonomic and central events during sleep benefits declarative memory consolidation. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2019; 157:139-150. [PMID: 30562589 PMCID: PMC6425961 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2018.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 11/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
While anatomical pathways between forebrain cognitive and brainstem autonomic nervous centers are well-defined, autonomic-central interactions during sleep and their contribution to waking performance are not understood. Here, we analyzed simultaneous central activity via electroencephalography (EEG) and autonomic heart beat-to-beat intervals (RR intervals) from electrocardiography (ECG) during wake and daytime sleep. We identified bursts of ECG activity that lasted 4-5 s and predominated in non-rapid-eye-movement sleep (NREM). Using event-based analysis of NREM sleep, we found an increase in delta (0.5-4 Hz) and sigma (12-15 Hz) power and an elevated density of slow oscillations (0.5-1 Hz) about 5 s prior to peak of the heart rate burst, as well as a surge in vagal activity, assessed by high-frequency (HF) component of RR intervals. Using regression framework, we show that these Autonomic/Central Events (ACE) positively predicted post-nap improvement in a declarative memory task after controlling for the effects of spindles and slow oscillations from sleep periods without ACE. No such relation was found between memory performance and a control nap. Additionally, NREM ACE negatively correlated with REM sleep and learning in a non-declarative memory task. These results provide the first evidence that coordinated autonomic and central events play a significant role in declarative memory consolidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Naji
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Giri P Krishnan
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Maxim Bazhenov
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sara C Mednick
- Department of Cognitive Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
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83
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Sattari N, Whitehurst LN, Ahmadi M, Mednick SC. Does working memory improvement benefit from sleep in older adults? Neurobiol Sleep Circadian Rhythms 2019; 6:53-61. [PMID: 31236520 PMCID: PMC6586603 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbscr.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Working Memory (WM), is an important factor influencing many higher-order cognitive functions that decline with age. Repetitive training appears to increase WM, yet the mechanisms underlying this improvement are not understood. Sleep has been shown to benefit long-term memory formation and may also play a role in WM enhancement in young adults. However, considering age-related decline in sleep, it is uninvestigated whether sleep will facilitate WM in older adults. In the present work, we investigated the impact of a nap, quiet wakefulness (QW) and active wakefulness (AW) on within-day training on the Operation Span (OSPAN) task in older adults. Improvement in WM was found following a nap and QW, but not active wake. Furthermore, better WM was associated with shared electrophysiological features, including slow oscillation (SO, 0.5-1 Hz) power in both the nap and QW, and greater coupling between SO and sigma (12-15 Hz) in the nap. In summary, our data suggest that WM improvement in older adults occurs opportunistically during offline periods that afford enhancement in slow oscillation power, and that further benefits may come with cross-frequency coupling of neural oscillations during sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negin Sattari
- Department of Cognitive Science, University of California Irvine, CA, USA
| | | | - Maryam Ahmadi
- Department of Cognitive Science, University of California Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Sara C. Mednick
- Department of Cognitive Science, University of California Irvine, CA, USA
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84
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Fernandez Guerrero A, Achermann P. Intracortical Causal Information Flow of Oscillatory Activity (Effective Connectivity) at the Sleep Onset Transition. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:912. [PMID: 30564093 PMCID: PMC6288604 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the sleep onset transition in humans from an effective connectivity perspective in a baseline condition (approx. 16 h of wakefulness) and after sleep deprivation (40 h of sustained wakefulness). Using EEG recordings (27 derivations), source localization (LORETA) allowed us to reconstruct the underlying patterns of neuronal activity in various brain regions, e.g., the default mode network (DMN), dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, which were defined as regions of interest (ROI). We applied isolated effective coherence (iCOH) to assess effective connectivity patterns at the sleep onset transition [2 min prior to and 10 min after sleep onset (first occurrence of stage 2)]. ICOH reveals directionality aspects and resolves the spectral characteristics of information flow in a given network of ROIs. We observed an anterior-posterior decoupling of the DMN, and moreover, a prominent role of the posterior cingulate cortex guiding the process of the sleep onset transition, particularly, by transmitting information in the low frequency range (delta and theta bands) to other nodes of DMN (including the hippocampus). In addition, the midcingulate cortex appeared as a major cortical relay station for spindle synchronization (originating from the thalamus; sigma activity). The inclusion of hippocampus indicated that this region might be functionally involved in sigma synchronization observed in the cortex after sleep onset. Furthermore, under conditions of increased homeostatic pressure, we hypothesize that an anterior-posterior decoupling of the DMN occurred at a faster rate compared to baseline overall indicating weakened connectivity strength within the DMN. Finally, we also demonstrated that cortico-cortical spindle synchronization was less effective after sleep deprivation than in baseline, thus, reflecting the reduction of spindles under increased sleep pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Fernandez Guerrero
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Peter Achermann
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- The KEY Institute for Brain-Mind Research, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Sychosomatics, University Hospital of Psychiatry, Zurich, Switzerland
- Zurich Center for Interdisciplinary Sleep Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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85
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van Schalkwijk FJ, Ricci M, Nikpour A, Miller LA. The impact of sleep characteristics and epilepsy variables on memory performance in patients with focal seizures. Epilepsy Behav 2018; 87:152-158. [PMID: 30097340 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2018.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Disturbed sleep can negatively affect overnight memory retention as well as new learning the subsequent day. In healthy participants, positive associations between memory performance and sleep characteristics (e.g., time spent in slow-wave sleep [SWS]) have been detected. In a previous study, we found that SWS was much reduced in patients with focal seizures, but when correlations between memory complaints and various sleep characteristics were considered, the only significant relationship was with the time to onset of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep (i.e., REM latency). In this study, we investigated the relationships between sleep, epilepsy, and objective memory performance variables. Twenty-five patients with focal seizures had their memory tested while undergoing a two-day ambulatory electroencephalography (EEG). The sleep variables of interest were the percentage of time spent in SWS (%SWS) and REM latency. Epilepsy variables included the presence of (1) seizures, (2) interictal epileptiform discharges, and/or (3) hippocampal lesions as well as site of seizure origin (temporal vs extratemporal). Overnight retention (of autobiographical events, a story, and a complex geometric figure) and the ability to learn a word list on day 2 were the measures of memory. A significant positive correlation was found between word-list learning and %SWS during the previous night. A significant negative correlation was observed between REM latency and overnight retention of autobiographical events. Overnight retention scores for the story and geometric figure were not related to sleep characteristics but were negatively affected by the presence of epileptiform activity. Story retention was also worse for temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) than for patients with extratemporal epilepsy (ETE). Those with hippocampal lesions were more impaired than those without lesions on word-list learning, autobiographical events' retention, and story retention. When multiple contributing factors were entered into regression analyses, %SWS was found to be the best predictor of subsequent word-list learning, whereas the presence of a hippocampal lesion was the best predictor of overnight retention of autobiographical events and a story. These findings provide further evidence of the ways in which particular sleep characteristics are associated with memory and suggest that treatment of sleep disturbances in patients with epilepsy might be helpful for improving their performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank J van Schalkwijk
- Laboratory for Sleep, Cognition and Consciousness Research, Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience (CCNS), University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology, Christian Doppler Medical Centre and Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Monica Ricci
- Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Cognition and Its Disorders, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Armin Nikpour
- Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Cognition and Its Disorders, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Laurie A Miller
- Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Cognition and Its Disorders, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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86
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Léger D, Debellemaniere E, Rabat A, Bayon V, Benchenane K, Chennaoui M. Slow-wave sleep: From the cell to the clinic. Sleep Med Rev 2018; 41:113-132. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2018.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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87
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Stare CJ, Gruber MJ, Nadel L, Ranganath C, Gómez RL. Curiosity-driven memory enhancement persists over time but does not benefit from post-learning sleep. Cogn Neurosci 2018; 9:100-115. [PMID: 30124373 DOI: 10.1080/17588928.2018.1513399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Sleep-dependent memory processing is dependent on several factors at learning, including emotion, encoding strength, and knowledge of future relevance. Recent work documents the role of curiosity on learning, showing that memory associated with high-curiosity encoding states is retained better and that this effect may be driven by activity within the dopaminergic circuit. Here, we examined whether this curiosity effect was enhanced by or dependent on sleep-related consolidation. Participants learned the answers to trivia questions that they had previously rated on a curiosity scale, and they were shown faces between each question and answer presentation. Memory for these answers and faces was tested either immediately or after a 12-hour delay containing sleep or wakefulness, and polysomnography data was collected for a subset of the sleep participants. Although the curiosity effect for both the answers and incidentally-learned faces was replicated in immediate tests and after the 12-hour delay, the effect was not impacted by the presence of sleep in either case, nor did the effect show a relationship with total sleep time or time in slow-wave sleep. This study suggests that curiosity may be a learning factor that is not subsequently affected by sleep-dependent memory consolidation, but more work ought to examine the role of sleep on curiosity-driven memory in other contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthias J Gruber
- b School of Psychology, Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC) , Cardiff University , Cardiff , UK
| | - Lynn Nadel
- a Psychology , The University of Arizona , Tucson , AZ , USA
| | | | - Rebecca L Gómez
- a Psychology , The University of Arizona , Tucson , AZ , USA
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88
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Fogel SM, Ray LB, Sergeeva V, De Koninck J, Owen AM. A Novel Approach to Dream Content Analysis Reveals Links Between Learning-Related Dream Incorporation and Cognitive Abilities. Front Psychol 2018; 9:1398. [PMID: 30127760 PMCID: PMC6088287 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Can dreams reveal insight into our cognitive abilities and aptitudes (i.e., "human intelligence")? The relationship between dream production and trait-like cognitive abilities is the foundation of several long-standing theories on the neurocognitive and cognitive-psychological basis of dreaming. However, direct experimental evidence is sparse and remains contentious. On the other hand, recent research has provided compelling evidence demonstrating a link between dream content and new learning, suggesting that dreams reflect memory processing during sleep. It remains to be investigated whether the extent of learning-related dream incorporation (i.e., the semantic similarity between waking experiences and dream content) is related to inter-individual differences in cognitive abilities. The relationship between pre-post sleep memory performance improvements and learning-related dream incorporation was investigated (N = 24) to determine if this relationship could be explained by inter-individual differences in intellectual abilities (e.g., reasoning, short term memory (STM), and verbal abilities). The extent of dream incorporation using a novel and objective method of dream content analysis, employed a computational linguistic approach to measure the semantic relatedness between verbal reports describing the experience on a spatial (e.g., maze navigation) or a motor memory task (e.g., tennis simulator) with subsequent hypnagogic reverie dream reports and waking "daydream" reports, obtained during a daytime nap opportunity. Consistent with previous studies, the extent to which something new was learned was related (r = 0.47) to how richly these novel experiences were incorporated into the content of dreams. This was significant for early (the first 4 dream reports) but not late dreams (the last 4 dream reports). Notably, here, we show for the first time that the extent of this incorporation for early dreams was related (r = 0.41) to inter-individual differences in reasoning abilities. On the other hand, late dream incorporation was related (r = 0.46) to inter-individual differences in verbal abilities. There was no relationship between performance improvements and intellectual abilities, and thus, inter-individual differences in cognitive abilities did not mediate the relationship between performance improvements and dream incorporation; suggesting a direct relationship between reasoning abilities and dream incorporation. This study provides the first evidence that learning-related dream production is related to inter-individual differences in cognitive abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart M. Fogel
- The Brain and Mind Institute, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- The Royal’s Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Laura B. Ray
- The Brain and Mind Institute, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Valya Sergeeva
- The Brain and Mind Institute, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Joseph De Koninck
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- The Royal’s Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Adrian M. Owen
- The Brain and Mind Institute, Western University, London, ON, Canada
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89
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Tempesta D, Socci V, De Gennaro L, Ferrara M. Sleep and emotional processing. Sleep Med Rev 2018; 40:183-195. [PMID: 29395984 DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2017.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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90
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Sánchez MP, García-Cabrero AM, Sánchez-Elexpuru G, Burgos DF, Serratosa JM. Tau-Induced Pathology in Epilepsy and Dementia: Notions from Patients and Animal Models. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19041092. [PMID: 29621183 PMCID: PMC5979593 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19041092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with dementia present epilepsy more frequently than the general population. Seizures are more common in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD), dementia with Lewy bodies (LBD), frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) than in other dementias. Missense mutations in the microtubule associated protein tau (MAPT) gene have been found to cause familial FTD and PSP, while the P301S mutation in MAPT has been associated with early-onset fast progressive dementia and the presence of seizures. Brains of patients with AD, LBD, FTD and PSP show hyperphosphorylated tau aggregates, amyloid-β plaques and neuropil threads. Increasing evidence suggests the existence of overlapping mechanisms related to the generation of network hyperexcitability and cognitive decline. Neuronal overexpression of tau with various mutations found in FTD with parkinsonism-linked to chromosome 17 (FTDP-17) in mice produces epileptic activity. On the other hand, the use of certain antiepileptic drugs in animal models with AD prevents cognitive impairment. Further efforts should be made to search for plausible common targets for both conditions. Moreover, attempts should also be made to evaluate the use of drugs targeting tau and amyloid-β as suitable pharmacological interventions in epileptic disorders. The diagnosis of dementia and epilepsy in early stages of those diseases may be helpful for the initiation of treatments that could prevent the generation of epileptic activity and cognitive deterioration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina P Sánchez
- Laboratory of Neurology, IIS (Instituto Investigación Sanitaria/Health Research Institute)-Jiménez Díaz Foundation, UAM (Universidad Autonoma de Madrid/Autonomous University of Madrid) and Biomedical Research Network Center on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), 28045 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ana M García-Cabrero
- Laboratory of Neurology, IIS (Instituto Investigación Sanitaria/Health Research Institute)-Jiménez Díaz Foundation, UAM (Universidad Autonoma de Madrid/Autonomous University of Madrid) and Biomedical Research Network Center on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), 28045 Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Immunology and Oncology and Protein Tools Unit, Biotechnology National Center (CNB/CSIC), 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Gentzane Sánchez-Elexpuru
- Laboratory of Neurology, IIS (Instituto Investigación Sanitaria/Health Research Institute)-Jiménez Díaz Foundation, UAM (Universidad Autonoma de Madrid/Autonomous University of Madrid) and Biomedical Research Network Center on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), 28045 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Daniel F Burgos
- Laboratory of Neurology, IIS (Instituto Investigación Sanitaria/Health Research Institute)-Jiménez Díaz Foundation, UAM (Universidad Autonoma de Madrid/Autonomous University of Madrid) and Biomedical Research Network Center on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), 28045 Madrid, Spain.
| | - José M Serratosa
- Laboratory of Neurology, IIS (Instituto Investigación Sanitaria/Health Research Institute)-Jiménez Díaz Foundation, UAM (Universidad Autonoma de Madrid/Autonomous University of Madrid) and Biomedical Research Network Center on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), 28045 Madrid, Spain.
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91
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Duncan KD, Schlichting ML. Hippocampal representations as a function of time, subregion, and brain state. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2018. [PMID: 29535044 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2018.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
How does the hippocampus represent interrelated experiences in memory? We review prominent yet seemingly contradictory theoretical perspectives, which propose that the hippocampus distorts experiential representations to either emphasize their distinctiveness or highlight common elements. These fundamentally different kinds of memory representations may be instantiated in the brain via conjunctive separated codes and adaptively differentiated codes on the one hand, or integrated relational codes on the other. After reviewing empirical support for these different coding schemes within the hippocampus, we outline two organizing principles which may explain the conflicting findings in the literature. First focusing on where the memories are formed and stored, we argue that distinct hippocampal regions represent experiences at multiple levels of abstraction and may transmit them to distinct cortical networks. Then focusing on when memories are formed, we identify several factors that can open and maintain specialized time windows, during which the very same hippocampal network is biased toward one coding scheme over the others. Specifically, we discuss evidence for (1) excitability-mediated integration windows, maintained by persistently elevated CREB levels following encoding of a specific memory, (2) fleeting cholinergically-mediated windows favoring memory separation, and (3) sustained dopaminergically-mediated windows favoring memory integration. By presenting a broad overview of different hippocampal coding schemes across species, we hope to inspire future empirical and modeling research to consider how factors surrounding memory formation shape the representations in which they are stored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine D Duncan
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G3, Canada.
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92
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Schönauer M, Brodt S, Pöhlchen D, Breßmer A, Danek AH, Gais S. Sleep Does Not Promote Solving Classical Insight Problems and Magic Tricks. Front Hum Neurosci 2018; 12:72. [PMID: 29535620 PMCID: PMC5834438 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2018.00072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
During creative problem solving, initial solution attempts often fail because of self-imposed constraints that prevent us from thinking out of the box. In order to solve a problem successfully, the problem representation has to be restructured by combining elements of available knowledge in novel and creative ways. It has been suggested that sleep supports the reorganization of memory representations, ultimately aiding problem solving. In this study, we systematically tested the effect of sleep and time on problem solving, using classical insight tasks and magic tricks. Solving these tasks explicitly requires a restructuring of the problem representation and may be accompanied by a subjective feeling of insight. In two sessions, 77 participants had to solve classical insight problems and magic tricks. The two sessions either occurred consecutively or were spaced 3 h apart, with the time in between spent either sleeping or awake. We found that sleep affected neither general solution rates nor the number of solutions accompanied by sudden subjective insight. Our study thus adds to accumulating evidence that sleep does not provide an environment that facilitates the qualitative restructuring of memory representations and enables problem solving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Schönauer
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Svenja Brodt
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Dorothee Pöhlchen
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Anja Breßmer
- Department of Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Amory H. Danek
- Division of Neurobiology, Department Biology II, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Steffen Gais
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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93
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Cross ZR, Kohler MJ, Schlesewsky M, Gaskell MG, Bornkessel-Schlesewsky I. Sleep-Dependent Memory Consolidation and Incremental Sentence Comprehension: Computational Dependencies during Language Learning as Revealed by Neuronal Oscillations. Front Hum Neurosci 2018; 12:18. [PMID: 29445333 PMCID: PMC5797781 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2018.00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We hypothesize a beneficial influence of sleep on the consolidation of the combinatorial mechanisms underlying incremental sentence comprehension. These predictions are grounded in recent work examining the effect of sleep on the consolidation of linguistic information, which demonstrate that sleep-dependent neurophysiological activity consolidates the meaning of novel words and simple grammatical rules. However, the sleep-dependent consolidation of sentence-level combinatorics has not been studied to date. Here, we propose that dissociable aspects of sleep neurophysiology consolidate two different types of combinatory mechanisms in human language: sequence-based (order-sensitive) and dependency-based (order-insensitive) combinatorics. The distinction between the two types of combinatorics is motivated both by cross-linguistic considerations and the neurobiological underpinnings of human language. Unifying this perspective with principles of sleep-dependent memory consolidation, we posit that a function of sleep is to optimize the consolidation of sequence-based knowledge (the when) and the establishment of semantic schemas of unordered items (the what) that underpin cross-linguistic variations in sentence comprehension. This hypothesis builds on the proposal that sleep is involved in the construction of predictive codes, a unified principle of brain function that supports incremental sentence comprehension. Finally, we discuss neurophysiological measures (EEG/MEG) that could be used to test these claims, such as the quantification of neuronal oscillations, which reflect basic mechanisms of information processing in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachariah R Cross
- Centre for Cognitive and Systems Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Social Work and Social Policy, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Mark J Kohler
- Centre for Cognitive and Systems Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Social Work and Social Policy, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Sleep and Chronobiology Laboratory, School of Psychology, Social Work and Social Policy, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Matthias Schlesewsky
- Centre for Cognitive and Systems Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Social Work and Social Policy, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - M G Gaskell
- Department of Psychology, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Ina Bornkessel-Schlesewsky
- Centre for Cognitive and Systems Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Social Work and Social Policy, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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94
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Peracchia S, Curcio G. Exposure to video games: effects on sleep and on post-sleep cognitive abilities. A sistematic review of experimental evidences. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 11:302-314. [PMID: 30746049 PMCID: PMC6361300 DOI: 10.5935/1984-0063.20180046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The public opinion is ever more interested and worried about possible effects of
exposure to VGs (video games) on human life and well-being. Scientific
literature shows several evidences highlighting negative outcomes on
behavioural, emotive, cognitive and physical health spheres. All these aspects
are intrinsically linked to sleep quality and quantity and to date very few
studies directly investigated the effects of videogame (VG) exposure on sleep
and post-sleep cognitive status. The aim of the present systematic review is to
examine the impact that the exposure to VGs can produce on sleep pattern and the
consequent post-sleep cognitive abilities. To this extent, only studies directly
investigating the effects of VGs on sleep features and post-sleep cognitive
abilities have been selected and discussed. Data currently present in literature
show the alteration of sleep pattern after exposure to VGs. The analysis
indicated a reduction of Total Sleep Time (TST) and an increase of Sleep Onset
Latency (SOL), modifications of the REM sleep and Slow Wave Sleep (SWS), and
increased sleepiness and self-perceived fatigue. Moreover, post-sleep sustained
attention and verbal memory also appear to be impaired. It can be concluded that
playing VGs for long periods, particularly in the evening, is a significant,
common and probable cause of sleep problems: evening exposure to VGs, in fact,
can bring to insufficient and low quality sleep, with possible effects on
cognition in the subsequent waking days. Potential methodological flaws and
limitations of these studies have also been described and discussed. Because of
the very limited number of available study on this topic further research is
strongly needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Peracchia
- University of L'Aquila, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences - L'Aquila - Italy - Italy
| | - Giuseppe Curcio
- University of L'Aquila, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences - L'Aquila - Italy - Italy
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95
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Olonode ET, Aderibigbe AO, Adeoluwa OA, Eduviere AT, Ben-Azu B. Morin hydrate mitigates rapid eye movement sleep deprivation-induced neurobehavioural impairments and loss of viable neurons in the hippocampus of mice. Behav Brain Res 2017; 356:518-525. [PMID: 29284109 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Rapid eye movement sleep deprivation distorts the body's homeostasis and results in oxidative breakdown which may be responsible for a variety of neurological disorders. Some naturally occurring compounds of plant origin with antioxidant and neuroprotective properties are known to attenuate the detrimental effects of REM sleep deprivation. Morin hydrate, a flavonoid from Mulberry has demonstrated antioxidant and neuroprotective activities but its effect in sleep disturbed mice is unknown. The study was designed to explore the neuroprotective effect of Morin hydrate on 48 h. REM sleep deprivation-induced behavioural impairments and neuronal damage in mice. Mice were allotted into six treatment groups (n = 6): groups 1 and 2 received vehicle (10 ml/kg normal saline), groups 3-5 received Morin hydrate (5, 10, 20 mg/kg i.p) while group 6 received ginseng (25 mg/kg) which served as the reference drug. Treatment was performed daily for 5 days and animals were sleep-deprived on the last 48 h. Various behavioural tests (Elevated plus maze, Y-maze, locomotor activity) followed by oxidative parameters (malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, reduced glutathione) and histolopathological changes in the Cornu ammonis 1 (CA1) region of the hippocampus were assessed. Data were analysed using ANOVA at α0.05. Morin hydrate (5, 10, 20 mg/kg) significantly enhanced memory performance, improves anxiolytic-like behaviour, reverses hyperlocomotion, restored depleted reduced glutathione, attenuated raised malondialdehyde and nitric oxide levels as compared to control animals and protects against loss of hippocampal neurons. Results of this present study suggest that Morin hydrate possess neuroprotective effects against sleep deprivation-induced behavioural impairments, oxidative stress and neuronal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth T Olonode
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti, Nigeria.
| | - Adegbuyi O Aderibigbe
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Olusegun A Adeoluwa
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Anthony T Eduviere
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Medicine Sciences, Ondo, Ondo, Nigeria
| | - Benneth Ben-Azu
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
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96
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Hennies N, Lambon Ralph MA, Durrant SJ, Cousins JN, Lewis PA. Cued Memory Reactivation During SWS Abolishes the Beneficial Effect of Sleep on Abstraction. Sleep 2017; 40:3926042. [PMID: 28821209 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsx102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Study Objectives Extracting regularities from stimuli in our environment and generalizing these to new situations are fundamental processes in human cognition. Sleep has been shown to enhance these processes, possibly by facilitating reactivation-triggered memory reorganization. Here, we assessed whether cued reactivation during slow wave sleep (SWS) promotes the beneficial effect of sleep on abstraction of statistical regularities. Methods We used an auditory statistical learning task, in which the benefit of sleep has been firmly established. Participants were exposed to a probabilistically determined sequence of tones and subsequently tested for recognition of novel short sequences adhering to this same statistical pattern in both immediate and delayed recall sessions. In different groups, the exposure stream was replayed during SWS in the night between the recall sessions (SWS-replay group), in wake just before sleep (presleep replay group), or not at all (control group). Results Surprisingly, participants who received replay in sleep performed worse in the delayed recall session than the control and the presleep replay group. They also failed to show the association between SWS and task performance that has been observed in previous studies and was present in the controls. Importantly, sleep structure and sleep quality did not differ between groups, suggesting that replay during SWS did not impair sleep but rather disrupted or interfered with sleep-dependent mechanisms that underlie the extraction of the statistical pattern. Conclusions These findings raise important questions about the scope of cued memory reactivation and the mechanisms that underlie sleep-related generalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Hennies
- Neuroscience and Aphasia Research Unit, School of Psychological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew A Lambon Ralph
- Neuroscience and Aphasia Research Unit, School of Psychological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Simon J Durrant
- School of Psychology, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, United Kingdom
| | - James N Cousins
- Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
| | - Penelope A Lewis
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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97
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The effect of sex and menstrual phase on memory formation during a nap. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2017; 145:119-128. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2017.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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98
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Cherdieu M, Versace R, Rey AE, Vallet GT, Mazza S. Sleep on your memory traces: How sleep effects can be explained by Act-In, a functional memory model. Sleep Med Rev 2017; 39:155-163. [PMID: 29079340 DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies have explored the effect of sleep on memory. It is well known that a period of sleep, compared to a similar period of wakefulness, protects memories from interference, improves performance, and might also reorganize memory traces in a way that encourages creativity and rule extraction. It is assumed that these benefits come from the reactivation of brain networks, mainly involving the hippocampal structure, as well as from their synchronization with neocortical networks during sleep, thereby underpinning sleep-dependent memory consolidation and reorganization. However, this memory reorganization is difficult to explain within classical memory models. The present paper aims to describe whether the influence of sleep on memory could be explained using a multiple trace memory model that is consistent with the concept of embodied cognition: the Act-In (activation-integration) memory model. We propose an original approach to the results observed in sleep research on the basis of two simple mechanisms, namely activation and integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélaine Cherdieu
- Laboratoire d'Etude des Mécanismes Cognitifs (EMC), EA3082, Université Lumière Lyon 2, France.
| | - Rémy Versace
- Laboratoire d'Etude des Mécanismes Cognitifs (EMC), EA3082, Université Lumière Lyon 2, France.
| | - Amandine E Rey
- Laboratoire d'Etude des Mécanismes Cognitifs (EMC), EA3082, Université Lumière Lyon 2, France.
| | - Guillaume T Vallet
- Laboratoire de Psychologie Sociale et Cognitive (LAPSCO UMR 6024), Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Stéphanie Mazza
- Laboratoire d'Etude des Mécanismes Cognitifs (EMC), EA3082, Université Lumière Lyon 2, France.
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99
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Sugawara SK, Koike T, Kawamichi H, Makita K, Hamano YH, Takahashi HK, Nakagawa E, Sadato N. Qualitative differences in offline improvement of procedural memory by daytime napping and overnight sleep: An fMRI study. Neurosci Res 2017; 132:37-45. [PMID: 28939415 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2017.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Daytime napping offers various benefits for healthy adults, including enhancement of motor skill learning. It remains controversial whether napping can provide the same enhancement as overnight sleep, and if so, whether the same neural underpinning is recruited. To investigate this issue, we conducted functional MRI during motor skill learning, before and after a short day-nap, in 13 participants, and compared them with a larger group (n=47) who were tested following regular overnight sleep. Training in a sequential finger-tapping task required participants to press a keyboard in the MRI scanner with their non-dominant left hand as quickly and accurately as possible. The nap group slept for 60min in the scanner after the training run, and the previously trained skill was subsequently re-tested. The whole-night sleep group went home after the training, and was tested the next day. Offline improvement of speed was observed in both groups, whereas accuracy was significantly improved only in the whole-night sleep group. Correspondingly, the offline increment in task-related activation was significant in the putamen of the whole-night group. This finding reveals a qualitative difference in the offline improvement effect between daytime napping and overnight sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho K Sugawara
- Division of Cerebral Integration, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan; Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 169-0072, Japan; JSPS Research Fellow, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan
| | - Takahiko Koike
- Division of Cerebral Integration, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | | | - Kai Makita
- Division of Cerebral Integration, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Yuki H Hamano
- Division of Cerebral Integration, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan; JSPS Research Fellow, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan; Department of Physiological Sciences, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Hayama 240-0115, Japan
| | - Haruka K Takahashi
- Division of Cerebral Integration, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Eri Nakagawa
- Division of Cerebral Integration, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Norihiro Sadato
- Division of Cerebral Integration, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan; Department of Physiological Sciences, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Hayama 240-0115, Japan.
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100
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Oyarzún JP, Morís J, Luque D, de Diego-Balaguer R, Fuentemilla L. Targeted Memory Reactivation during Sleep Adaptively Promotes the Strengthening or Weakening of Overlapping Memories. J Neurosci 2017; 37:7748-7758. [PMID: 28694337 PMCID: PMC6596642 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3537-16.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
System memory consolidation is conceptualized as an active process whereby newly encoded memory representations are strengthened through selective memory reactivation during sleep. However, our learning experience is highly overlapping in content (i.e., shares common elements), and memories of these events are organized in an intricate network of overlapping associated events. It remains to be explored whether and how selective memory reactivation during sleep has an impact on these overlapping memories acquired during awake time. Here, we test in a group of adult women and men the prediction that selective memory reactivation during sleep entails the reactivation of associated events and that this may lead the brain to adaptively regulate whether these associated memories are strengthened or pruned from memory networks on the basis of their relative associative strength with the shared element. Our findings demonstrate the existence of efficient regulatory neural mechanisms governing how complex memory networks are shaped during sleep as a function of their associative memory strength.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Numerous studies have demonstrated that system memory consolidation is an active, selective, and sleep-dependent process in which only subsets of new memories become stabilized through their reactivation. However, the learning experience is highly overlapping in content and thus events are encoded in an intricate network of related memories. It remains to be explored whether and how memory reactivation has an impact on overlapping memories acquired during awake time. Here, we show that sleep memory reactivation promotes strengthening and weakening of overlapping memories based on their associative memory strength. These results suggest the existence of an efficient regulatory neural mechanism that avoids the formation of cluttered memory representation of multiple events and promotes stabilization of complex memory networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javiera P Oyarzún
- Department of Cognition, Development and Educational Psychology, University of Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain,
- Cognition and Brain Plasticity Group, IDIBELL, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08097 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joaquín Morís
- Department of Psychology, University of Oviedo, 33003 Oviedo, Spain
| | - David Luque
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, University of Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Ruth de Diego-Balaguer
- Department of Cognition, Development and Educational Psychology, University of Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Cognition and Brain Plasticity Group, IDIBELL, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08097 Barcelona, Spain
- ICREA, Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies, 08010 Barcelona, Spain, and
- Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lluís Fuentemilla
- Department of Cognition, Development and Educational Psychology, University of Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Cognition and Brain Plasticity Group, IDIBELL, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08097 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
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