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Conservation of polypyrimidine tract binding proteins and their putative target RNAs in several storage root crops. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:124. [PMID: 29415650 PMCID: PMC5803842 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-4502-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Polypyrimidine-tract binding proteins (PTBs) are ubiquitous RNA-binding proteins in plants and animals that play diverse role in RNA metabolic processes. PTB proteins bind to target RNAs through motifs rich in cytosine/uracil residues to fine-tune transcript metabolism. Among tuber and root crops, potato has been widely studied to understand the mobile signals that activate tuber development. Potato PTBs, designated as StPTB1 and StPTB6, function in a long-distance transport system by binding to specific mRNAs (StBEL5 and POTH1) to stabilize them and facilitate their movement from leaf to stolon, the site of tuber induction, where they activate tuber and root growth. Storage tubers and root crops are important sustenance food crops grown throughout the world. Despite the availability of genome sequence for sweet potato, cassava, carrot and sugar beet, the molecular mechanism of root-derived storage organ development remains completely unexplored. Considering the pivotal role of PTBs and their target RNAs in potato storage organ development, we propose that a similar mechanism may be prevalent in storage root crops as well. Results Through a bioinformatics survey utilizing available genome databases, we identify the orthologues of potato PTB proteins and two phloem-mobile RNAs, StBEL5 and POTH1, in five storage root crops - sweet potato, cassava, carrot, radish and sugar beet. Like potato, PTB1/6 type proteins from these storage root crops contain four conserved RNA Recognition Motifs (characteristic of RNA-binding PTBs) in their protein sequences. Further, 3´ UTR (untranslated region) analysis of BEL5 and POTH1 orthologues revealed the presence of several cytosine/uracil motifs, similar to those present in potato StBEL5 and POTH1 RNAs. Using RT-qPCR assays, we verified the presence of these related transcripts in leaf and root tissues of these five storage root crops. Similar to potato, BEL5-, PTB1/6- and POTH1-like orthologue RNAs from the aforementioned storage root crops exhibited differential accumulation patterns in leaf and storage root tissues. Conclusions Our results suggest that the PTB1/6-like orthologues and their putative targets, BEL5- and POTH1-like mRNAs, from storage root crops could interact physically, similar to that in potato, and potentially, could function as key molecular signals controlling storage organ development in root crops. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-018-4502-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Ševčíková H, Mašková P, Tarkowská D, Mašek T, Lipavská H. Carbohydrates and gibberellins relationship in potato tuberization. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 214:53-63. [PMID: 28441523 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Potato represents the third most important crop worldwide and therefore to understand regulations of tuber onset is crucial from both theoretical and practical points of view. Photosynthesis and related carbohydrate status along with phytohormone balance belong to the essential factors in regulation of plant development including storage organ formation. In our work we used potato (Solanum tuberosum) cv. Lada and its spontaneously tuberizing mutant (ST plants) grown in vitro under low carbohydrate availability (non-inductive conditions). Small plant phenotype and readiness to tuberization of ST plants was, however, not accompanied by lower gibberellins levels, as determined by UHPLC-MS/MS. Therefore, we focused on the other inducing factor, carbohydrate status. Using HPLC, we followed changes in carbohydrate distribution under mixotrophic (2.5% sucrose in medium) and photoautotrophic conditions (no sucrose addition and higher gas and light availability) and observed changes in soluble carbohydrate allocation and starch deposition, favouring basal stem part in mutants. In addition, the determination of tuber-inducing marker gene expressions revealed increased levels of StSP6A in ST leaves. Collectively these data point towards the possibility of two parallel cross-talking pathways (carbohydrate - and gibberellin- dependent ones) with the power of both to outcompete the other one when its signal is for some reason extraordinary strong.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Ševčíková
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 5, CZ-12844 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Petra Mašková
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 5, CZ-12844 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Danuše Tarkowská
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic and Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Mašek
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 5, CZ-12844 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Lipavská
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 5, CZ-12844 Prague, Czech Republic
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53
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Hannapel DJ, Sharma P, Lin T, Banerjee AK. The Multiple Signals That Control Tuber Formation. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 174:845-856. [PMID: 28520554 PMCID: PMC5462066 DOI: 10.1104/pp.17.00272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The three critical switches that regulate the onset of tuber formation in potato interact in a dynamic signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Hannapel
- Plant Biology Department, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-1100 (D.J.H., P.S., T.L.); and
- Biology Division, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pashan, Pune 411008, India (A.K.B.)
| | - Pooja Sharma
- Plant Biology Department, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-1100 (D.J.H., P.S., T.L.); and
- Biology Division, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pashan, Pune 411008, India (A.K.B.)
| | - Tian Lin
- Plant Biology Department, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-1100 (D.J.H., P.S., T.L.); and
- Biology Division, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pashan, Pune 411008, India (A.K.B.)
| | - Anjan K Banerjee
- Plant Biology Department, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-1100 (D.J.H., P.S., T.L.); and
- Biology Division, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pashan, Pune 411008, India (A.K.B.)
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54
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Ghate TH, Sharma P, Kondhare KR, Hannapel DJ, Banerjee AK. The mobile RNAs, StBEL11 and StBEL29, suppress growth of tubers in potato. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 93:563-578. [PMID: 28084609 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-016-0582-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate that RNAs of StBEL11 and StBEL29 are phloem-mobile and function antagonistically to the growth-promoting characteristics of StBEL5 in potato. Both these RNAs appear to inhibit tuber growth by repressing the activity of target genes of StBEL5 in potato. Moreover, upstream sequence driving GUS expression in transgenic potato lines demonstrated that both StBEL11 and -29 promoter activity is robust in leaf veins, petioles, stems, and vascular tissues and induced by short days in leaves and stolons. Steady-state levels of their mRNAs were also enhanced by short-day conditions in selective organs. There are thirteen functional BEL1-like genes in potato that encode for a family of transcription factors (TF) ubiquitous in the plant kingdom. These BEL1 TFs work in tandem with KNOTTED1-types to regulate the expression of numerous target genes involved in hormone metabolism and growth processes. One of the StBELs, StBEL5, functions as a long-distance mRNA signal that is transcribed in leaves and moves into roots and stolons to stimulate growth. The two most closely related StBELs to StBEL5 are StBEL11 and -29. Together these three genes make up more than 70% of all StBEL transcripts present throughout the potato plant. They share a number of common features, suggesting they may be co-functional in tuber development. Upstream sequence driving GUS expression in transgenic potato lines demonstrated that both StBEL11 and -29 promoter activity is robust in leaf veins, petioles, stems, and vascular tissues and induced by short-days in leaves and stolons. Steady-state levels of their mRNAs were also enhanced by short-day conditions in specific organs. Using a transgenic approach and heterografting experiments, we show that both these StBELs inhibit growth in correlation with the long distance transport of their mRNAs from leaves to roots and stolons, whereas suppression lines of these two RNAs exhibited enhanced tuber yields. In summary, our results indicate that the RNAs of StBEL11 and StBEL29 are phloem-mobile and function antagonistically to the growth-promoting characteristics of StBEL5. Both these RNAs appear to inhibit growth in tubers by repressing the activity of target genes of StBEL5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tejashree H Ghate
- Biology Division, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, Maharashtra, India
| | - Pooja Sharma
- Plant Biology Major, Iowa State University, 253 Horticulture Hall, Ames, IA, 50011-1100, USA
| | - Kirtikumar R Kondhare
- Biology Division, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, Maharashtra, India
| | - David J Hannapel
- Plant Biology Major, Iowa State University, 253 Horticulture Hall, Ames, IA, 50011-1100, USA
| | - Anjan K Banerjee
- Biology Division, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, Maharashtra, India.
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55
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Hannapel DJ, Banerjee AK. Multiple Mobile mRNA Signals Regulate Tuber Development in Potato. PLANTS 2017; 6:plants6010008. [PMID: 28208608 PMCID: PMC5371767 DOI: 10.3390/plants6010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Included among the many signals that traffic through the sieve element system are full-length mRNAs that function to respond to the environment and to regulate development. In potato, several mRNAs that encode transcription factors from the three-amino-loop-extension (TALE) superfamily move from leaves to roots and stolons via the phloem to control growth and signal the onset of tuber formation. This RNA transport is enhanced by short-day conditions and is facilitated by RNA-binding proteins from the polypyrimidine tract-binding family of proteins. Regulation of growth is mediated by three mobile mRNAs that arise from vasculature in the leaf. One mRNA, StBEL5, functions to activate growth, whereas two other, sequence-related StBEL's, StBEL11 and StBEL29, function antagonistically to repress StBEL5 target genes involved in promoting tuber development. This dynamic system utilizes closely-linked phloem-mobile mRNAs to control growth in developing potato tubers. In creating a complex signaling pathway, potato has evolved a long-distance transport system that regulates underground organ development through closely-associated, full-length mRNAs that function as either activators or repressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Hannapel
- Plant Biology Major, 253 Horticulture Hall, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011-1100, USA.
| | - Anjan K Banerjee
- Biology Division, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, India.
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Muñiz García MN, Muro MC, Mazzocchi LC, País SM, Stritzler M, Schlesinger M, Capiati DA. The protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit StPP2Ac2b acts as a positive regulator of tuberization induction in Solanum tuberosum L. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 93:227-245. [PMID: 27812910 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-016-0555-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
This study provides the first genetic evidence for the role of PP2A in tuberization, demonstrating that the catalytic subunit StPP2Ac2b positively modulates tuber induction, and that its function is related to the regulation of gibberellic acid metabolism. The results contribute to a better understanding of the molecular mechanism controlling tuberization induction, which remains largely unknown. The serine/threonine protein phosphatases type 2A (PP2A) are implicated in several physiological processes in plants, playing important roles in hormone responses. In cultivated potato (Solanum tuberosum), six PP2A catalytic subunits (StPP2Ac) were identified. The PP2Ac of the subfamily I (StPP2Ac1, 2a and 2b) were suggested to be involved in the tuberization signaling in leaves, where the environmental and hormonal signals are perceived and integrated. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of PP2A in the tuberization induction in stolons. We selected one of the catalytic subunits of the subfamily I, StPP2Ac2b, to develop transgenic plants overexpressing this gene (StPP2Ac2b-OE). Stolons from StPP2Ac2b-OE plants show higher tuber induction rates in vitro, as compared to wild type stolons, with no differences in the number of tubers obtained at the end of the process. This effect is accompanied by higher expression levels of the gibberellic acid (GA) catabolic enzyme StGA2ox1. GA up-regulates StPP2Ac2b expression in stolons, possibly as part of the feedback system by which the hormone regulates its own level. Sucrose, a tuber-promoting factor in vitro, increases StPP2Ac2b expression. We conclude that StPP2Ac2b acts in stolons as a positive regulator tuber induction, integrating different tuberization-related signals mainly though the modulation of GA metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Noelia Muñiz García
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular "Dr. Héctor Torres", Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Vuelta de Obligado 2490, C1428ADN, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Catalina Muro
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular "Dr. Héctor Torres", Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Vuelta de Obligado 2490, C1428ADN, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Luciana Carla Mazzocchi
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular "Dr. Héctor Torres", Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Vuelta de Obligado 2490, C1428ADN, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvia Marina País
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular "Dr. Héctor Torres", Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Vuelta de Obligado 2490, C1428ADN, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Margarita Stritzler
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular "Dr. Héctor Torres", Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Vuelta de Obligado 2490, C1428ADN, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariana Schlesinger
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular "Dr. Héctor Torres", Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Vuelta de Obligado 2490, C1428ADN, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniela Andrea Capiati
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular "Dr. Héctor Torres", Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Vuelta de Obligado 2490, C1428ADN, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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57
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Teo CJ, Takahashi K, Shimizu K, Shimamoto K, Taoka KI. Potato Tuber Induction is Regulated by Interactions Between Components of a Tuberigen Complex. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 58:365-374. [PMID: 28028166 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcw197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Photoperiod-regulated flowering and potato tuber formation involve leaf-produced mobile signals, florigen and tuberigen, respectively. The major protein component of florigen has been identified as the FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) protein. In rice, an FT-like protein, Heading date 3a (Hd3a), induces flowering by making the florigen activation complex (FAC) through interactions with 14-3-3 and OsFD1, a rice FD-like protein. In potato, StSP6A, an FT-like protein, was identified as a major component of tuberigen. However, the molecular mechanism of how StSP6A triggers tuber formation remains elusive. Here we analyzed the significance of the formation of a complex including StSP6A, 14-3-3 and FD-like proteins in tuberization. Yeast two-hybrid, bimolecular fluorescence complementation and in vitro pull-down assays showed that StSP6A and StFDL1, a potato FD-like protein, interact with St14-3-3s. StSP6A overexpression induced early tuberization in a 14-3-3-dependent manner, and suppression of StFDL1 delayed tuberization. These results strongly suggest that an FAC-like complex, the tuberigen activation complex (TAC), comprised of StSP6A, St14-3-3s and StFDL1, regulates potato tuber formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Jit Teo
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Takayama, Ikoma, Japan
| | - Kenta Takahashi
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Takayama, Ikoma, Japan
| | - Kanae Shimizu
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Takayama, Ikoma, Japan
| | - Ko Shimamoto
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Takayama, Ikoma, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichiro Taoka
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Takayama, Ikoma, Japan
- Laboratory of Plant Genetic Resources, Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, Maioka, Totsuka, Yokohama, Japan
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58
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Mahajan AS, Kondhare KR, Rajabhoj MP, Kumar A, Ghate T, Ravindran N, Habib F, Siddappa S, Banerjee AK. Regulation, overexpression, and target gene identification of Potato Homeobox 15 (POTH15) - a class-I KNOX gene in potato. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:4255-72. [PMID: 27217546 PMCID: PMC5301930 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Potato Homeobox 15 (POTH15) is a KNOX-I (Knotted1-like homeobox) family gene in potato that is orthologous to Shoot Meristemless (STM) in Arabidopsis. Despite numerous reports on KNOX genes from different species, studies in potato are limited. Here, we describe photoperiodic regulation of POTH15, its overexpression phenotype, and identification of its potential targets in potato (Solanum tuberosum ssp. andigena). qRT-PCR analysis showed a higher abundance of POTH15 mRNA in shoot tips and stolons under tuber-inducing short-day conditions. POTH15 promoter activity was detected in apical and axillary meristems, stolon tips, tuber eyes, and meristems of tuber sprouts, indicating its role in meristem maintenance and leaf development. POTH15 overexpression altered multiple morphological traits including leaf and stem development, leaflet number, and number of nodes and branches. In particular, the rachis of the leaf was completely reduced and leaves appeared as a bouquet of leaflets. Comparative transcriptomic analysis of 35S::GUS and two POTH15 overexpression lines identified more than 6000 differentially expressed genes, including 2014 common genes between the two overexpression lines. Functional analysis of these genes revealed their involvement in responses to hormones, biotic/abiotic stresses, transcription regulation, and signal transduction. qRT-PCR of selected candidate target genes validated their differential expression in both overexpression lines. Out of 200 randomly chosen POTH15 targets, 173 were found to have at least one tandem TGAC core motif, characteristic of KNOX interaction, within 3.0kb in the upstream sequence of the transcription start site. Overall, this study provides insights to the role of POTH15 in controlling diverse developmental processes in potato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameya S Mahajan
- Biology Division, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, IISER Pune, Pune - 411008, Maharashtra, India
| | - Kirtikumar R Kondhare
- Biology Division, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, IISER Pune, Pune - 411008, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mohit P Rajabhoj
- School of Biology, IISER TVM, Thiruvananthapuram (Trivandrum) - 695016, Kerala, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Biology Division, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, IISER Pune, Pune - 411008, Maharashtra, India
| | - Tejashree Ghate
- Dept. of Botany, SPP University (formerly University of Pune), Pune - 411007, Maharashtra, India
| | - Nevedha Ravindran
- Biological Sciences, IISER Bhopal, Bhopal - 462066, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Farhat Habib
- Biology Division, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, IISER Pune, Pune - 411008, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sundaresha Siddappa
- Division of Crop Improvement, Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla - 171001, India
| | - Anjan K Banerjee
- Biology Division, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, IISER Pune, Pune - 411008, Maharashtra, India
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Katsarou K, Wu Y, Zhang R, Bonar N, Morris J, Hedley PE, Bryan GJ, Kalantidis K, Hornyik C. Insight on Genes Affecting Tuber Development in Potato upon Potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd) Infection. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150711. [PMID: 26937634 PMCID: PMC4777548 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Potato (Solanum tuberosum L) is a natural host of Potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd) which can cause characteristic symptoms on developing plants including stunting phenotype and distortion of leaves and tubers. PSTVd is the type species of the family Pospiviroidae, and can replicate in the nucleus and move systemically throughout the plant. It is not well understood how the viroid can affect host genes for successful invasion and which genes show altered expression levels upon infection. Our primary focus in this study is the identification of genes which can affect tuber formation since viroid infection can strongly influence tuber development and especially tuber shape. In this study, we used a large-scale method to identify differentially expressed genes in potato. We have identified defence, stress and sugar metabolism related genes having altered expression levels upon infection. Additionally, hormone pathway related genes showed significant up- or down-regulation. DWARF1/DIMINUTO, Gibberellin 7-oxidase and BEL5 transcripts were identified and validated showing differential expression in viroid infected tissues. Our study suggests that gibberellin and brassinosteroid pathways have a possible role in tuber development upon PSTVd infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantina Katsarou
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Yun Wu
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Runxuan Zhang
- Information and Computational Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola Bonar
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Jenny Morris
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Pete E. Hedley
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Glenn J. Bryan
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Kriton Kalantidis
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- * E-mail: (KK); (CH)
| | - Csaba Hornyik
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (KK); (CH)
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