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He M, Liu J, Tan J, Jian Y, Liu J, Duan Y, Li G, Jin L, Xu J. A Comprehensive Interaction Network Constructed Using miRNAs and mRNAs Provides New Insights into Potato Tuberization under High Temperatures. Plants (Basel) 2024; 13:998. [PMID: 38611527 PMCID: PMC11013713 DOI: 10.3390/plants13070998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
High temperatures delay tuberization and decrease potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) yields. However, the molecular mechanisms and regulatory networks underlying tuberization under high temperatures remain largely unknown. Here, we performed the mRNA and miRNA sequencing of leaves and stems to identify genes and regulatory networks involved in tuberization under high temperatures. A total of 2804 and 5001 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) under high-temperature stress were identified in leaves and stems, respectively. These genes were significantly enriched in gene ontology terms regarding meristem development, the sucrose biosynthetic process, and response to heat. Meanwhile, 101 and 75 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRNAs) were identified in leaves and stems, respectively. We constructed an interaction network between DEmiRNAs and DEGs, identifying 118 and 150 DEmiRNA-DEG pairs in leaves and stems, respectively. We found three miRNA-mRNA candidate modules involved in tuberization under high temperatures, including stu-miR8030-5p/StCPY714, stu-miR7981f-p5/StAGL8a, and stu-miR10532A/StAGL8b. Our study constructed an interaction network between miRNAs and target genes and proposes candidate miRNA-gene modules that regulate tuber formation under high temperatures. Our study provides new insights for revealing the regulatory mechanism of the high-temperature inhibition of tuberization and also provides gene resources for improving the heat tolerance in potatoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming He
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Tuber and Root Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China; (M.H.); (J.L.); (J.T.); (Y.J.); (J.L.); (Y.D.); (G.L.); (L.J.)
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ju Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Tuber and Root Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China; (M.H.); (J.L.); (J.T.); (Y.J.); (J.L.); (Y.D.); (G.L.); (L.J.)
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jie Tan
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Tuber and Root Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China; (M.H.); (J.L.); (J.T.); (Y.J.); (J.L.); (Y.D.); (G.L.); (L.J.)
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yinqiao Jian
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Tuber and Root Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China; (M.H.); (J.L.); (J.T.); (Y.J.); (J.L.); (Y.D.); (G.L.); (L.J.)
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jiangang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Tuber and Root Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China; (M.H.); (J.L.); (J.T.); (Y.J.); (J.L.); (Y.D.); (G.L.); (L.J.)
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yanfeng Duan
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Tuber and Root Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China; (M.H.); (J.L.); (J.T.); (Y.J.); (J.L.); (Y.D.); (G.L.); (L.J.)
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Guangcun Li
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Tuber and Root Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China; (M.H.); (J.L.); (J.T.); (Y.J.); (J.L.); (Y.D.); (G.L.); (L.J.)
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Liping Jin
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Tuber and Root Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China; (M.H.); (J.L.); (J.T.); (Y.J.); (J.L.); (Y.D.); (G.L.); (L.J.)
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jianfei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Tuber and Root Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China; (M.H.); (J.L.); (J.T.); (Y.J.); (J.L.); (Y.D.); (G.L.); (L.J.)
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
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Tai HH. Insights into the molecular regulation of source-sink relations in potato. New Phytol 2024. [PMID: 38523243 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Helen H Tai
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Fredericton Research and Development Centre, PO Box 20280, 95 Innovation Rd, Fredericton, NB, E3B 4Z7, Canada
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Zhang M, Jian H, Shang L, Wang K, Wen S, Li Z, Liu R, Jia L, Huang Z, Lyu D. Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Novel Genes Potentially Involved in Tuberization in Potato. Plants (Basel) 2024; 13:795. [PMID: 38592791 PMCID: PMC10975680 DOI: 10.3390/plants13060795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
The formation and development of tubers, the primary edible and economic organ of potatoes, directly affect their yield and quality. The regulatory network and mechanism of tuberization have been preliminarily revealed in recent years, but plenty of relevant genes remain to be discovered. A few candidate genes were provided due to the simplicity of sampling and result analysis of previous transcriptomes related to tuberization. We sequenced and thoroughly analyzed the transcriptomes of thirteen tissues from potato plants at the tuber proliferation phase to provide more reference information and gene resources. Among them, eight tissues were stolons and tubers at different developmental stages, which we focused on. Five critical periods of tuberization were selected to perform an analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), according to the results of the tissue correlation. Compared with the unswollen stolons (Sto), 2751, 4897, 6635, and 9700 DEGs were detected in the slightly swollen stolons (Sto1), swollen stolons (Sto2), tubers of proliferation stage 1 (Tu1), and tubers of proliferation stage 4 (Tu4). A total of 854 transcription factors and 164 hormone pathway genes were identified in the DEGs. Furthermore, three co-expression networks associated with Sto-Sto1, Sto2-Tu1, and tubers of proliferation stages two to five (Tu2-Tu5) were built using the weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). Thirty hub genes (HGs) and 30 hub transcription factors (HTFs) were screened and focalized in these networks. We found that five HGs were reported to regulate tuberization, and most of the remaining HGs and HTFs co-expressed with them. The orthologs of these HGs and HTFs were reported to regulate processes (e.g., flowering, cell division, hormone synthesis, metabolism and signal transduction, sucrose transport, and starch synthesis) that were also required for tuberization. Such results further support their potential to control tuberization. Our study provides insights and countless candidate genes of the regulatory network of tuberization, laying the foundation for further elucidating the genetic basis of tuber development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meihua Zhang
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Southwest University, Chongqing 401329, China; (M.Z.); (H.J.); (L.S.); (S.W.); (Z.L.); (R.L.); (L.J.)
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Hongju Jian
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Southwest University, Chongqing 401329, China; (M.Z.); (H.J.); (L.S.); (S.W.); (Z.L.); (R.L.); (L.J.)
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Breeding for Tuber and Root Crops, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Lina Shang
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Southwest University, Chongqing 401329, China; (M.Z.); (H.J.); (L.S.); (S.W.); (Z.L.); (R.L.); (L.J.)
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Southwest University, Chongqing 401329, China; (M.Z.); (H.J.); (L.S.); (S.W.); (Z.L.); (R.L.); (L.J.)
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Shiqi Wen
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Southwest University, Chongqing 401329, China; (M.Z.); (H.J.); (L.S.); (S.W.); (Z.L.); (R.L.); (L.J.)
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Zihan Li
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Southwest University, Chongqing 401329, China; (M.Z.); (H.J.); (L.S.); (S.W.); (Z.L.); (R.L.); (L.J.)
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Rongrong Liu
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Southwest University, Chongqing 401329, China; (M.Z.); (H.J.); (L.S.); (S.W.); (Z.L.); (R.L.); (L.J.)
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Lijun Jia
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Southwest University, Chongqing 401329, China; (M.Z.); (H.J.); (L.S.); (S.W.); (Z.L.); (R.L.); (L.J.)
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Zhenlin Huang
- Chongqing Agricultural Technical Extension Station, Chongqing 401121, China;
| | - Dianqiu Lyu
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Southwest University, Chongqing 401329, China; (M.Z.); (H.J.); (L.S.); (S.W.); (Z.L.); (R.L.); (L.J.)
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Breeding for Tuber and Root Crops, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
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Koch L, Lehretz GG, Sonnewald U, Sonnewald S. Yield reduction caused by elevated temperatures and high nitrogen fertilization is mitigated by SP6A overexpression in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). Plant J 2024; 117:1702-1715. [PMID: 38334712 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) are a fundamental staple for millions of people worldwide. They provide essential amino acids, vitamins, and starch - a vital component of the human diet, providing energy and serving as a source of fiber. Unfortunately, global warming is posing a severe threat to this crop, leading to significant yield losses, and thereby endangering global food security. Industrial agriculture traditionally relies on excessive nitrogen (N) fertilization to boost yields. However, it remains uncertain whether this is effective in combating heat-related yield losses of potato. Therefore, our study aimed to investigate the combinatory effects of heat stress and N fertilization on potato tuber formation. We demonstrate that N levels and heat significantly impact tuber development. The combination of high N and heat delays tuberization, while N deficiency initiates early tuberization, likely through starvation-induced signals, independent of SELF-PRUNING 6A (SP6A), a critical regulator of tuberization. We also found that high N levels in combination with heat reduce tuber yield rather than improve it. However, our study revealed that SP6A overexpression can promote tuberization under these inhibiting conditions. By utilizing the excess of N for accumulating tuber biomass, SP6A overexpressing plants exhibit a shift in biomass distribution towards the tubers. This results in an increased yield compared to wild-type plants. Our results highlight the role of SP6A overexpression as a viable strategy for ensuring stable potato yields in the face of global warming. As such, our findings provide insights into the complex factors impacting potato crop productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Koch
- Department of Biology, Chair of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Günter G Lehretz
- Department of Biology, Chair of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Uwe Sonnewald
- Department of Biology, Chair of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Sophia Sonnewald
- Department of Biology, Chair of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nuremberg, Germany
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5
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Shi L, de Biolley L, Shaikh MA, de Vries ME, Mittmann SU, Visser RGF, Prat S, Bachem CWB. Aging later but faster: how StCDF1 regulates senescence in Solanum tuberosum. New Phytol 2024. [PMID: 38197194 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
In potato, maturity is assessed by leaf senescence, which, in turn, affects yield and tuber quality traits. Previously, we showed that the CYCLING DOF FACTOR1 (StCDF1) locus controls leaf maturity in addition to the timing of tuberization. Here, we provide evidence that StCDF1 controls senescence onset separately from senescence progression and the total life cycle duration. We used molecular-biological approaches (DNA-Affinity Purification Sequencing) to identify a direct downstream target of StCDF1, named ORESARA1 (StORE1S02), which is a NAC transcription factor acting as a positive senescence regulator. By overexpressing StORE1S02 in the long life cycle genotype, early onset of senescence was shown, but the total life cycle remained long. At the same time, StORE1S02 knockdown lines have a delayed senescence onset. Furthermore, we show that StORE1 proteins play an indirect role in sugar transport from source to sink by regulating expression of SWEET sugar efflux transporters during leaf senescence. This study clarifies the important link between tuber formation and senescence and provides insight into the molecular regulatory network of potato leaf senescence onset. We propose a complex role of StCDF1 in the regulation of potato plant senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Shi
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 386, Wageningen, 6700 AJ, the Netherlands
| | - Laura de Biolley
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 386, Wageningen, 6700 AJ, the Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Richard G F Visser
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 386, Wageningen, 6700 AJ, the Netherlands
| | - Salome Prat
- Center for Research in Agriculture Genomics (CRAG), Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Christian W B Bachem
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 386, Wageningen, 6700 AJ, the Netherlands
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6
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Jing S, Jiang P, Sun X, Yu L, Wang E, Qin J, Zhang F, Prat S, Song B. Long-distance control of potato storage organ formation by SELF PRUNING 3D and FLOWERING LOCUS T-like 1. Plant Commun 2023; 4:100547. [PMID: 36635965 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2023.100547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Plants program their meristem-associated developmental switches for timely adaptation to a changing environment. Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tubers differentiate from specialized belowground branches or stolons through radial expansion of their terminal ends. During this process, the stolon apex and closest axillary buds enter a dormancy state that leads to tuber eyes, which are reactivated the following spring and generate a clonally identical plant. The potato FLOWERING LOCUS T homolog SELF-PRUNING 6A (StSP6A) was previously identified as the major tuber-inducing signal that integrates day-length cues to control the storage switch. However, whether some other long-range signals also act as tuber organogenesis stimuli remains unknown. Here, we show that the florigen SELF PRUNING 3D (StSP3D) and FLOWERING LOCUS T-like 1 (StFTL1) genes are activated by short days, analogously to StSP6A. Overexpression of StSP3D or StFTL1 promotes tuber formation under non-inductive long days, and the tuber-inducing activity of these proteins is graft transmissible. Using the non-tuber-bearing wild species Solanum etuberosum, a natural SP6A null mutant, we show that leaf-expressed SP6A is dispensable for StSP3D long-range activity. StSP3D and StFTL1 mediate secondary activation of StSP6A in stolon tips, leading to amplification of this tuberigen signal. StSP3D and StFTL1 were observed to bind the same protein partners as StSP6A, suggesting that they can also form transcriptionally active complexes. Together, our findings show that additional mobile tuber-inducing signals are regulated by the photoperiodic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenglin Jing
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology (HZAU), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Peng Jiang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology (HZAU), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Xiaomeng Sun
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology (HZAU), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Liu Yu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology (HZAU), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Enshuang Wang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology (HZAU), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Jun Qin
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology (HZAU), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Fei Zhang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Salomé Prat
- Centro de Investigación en Agrigenomica (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Cerdanyola, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Botao Song
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology (HZAU), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.
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Wang E, Zhou T, Jing S, Dong L, Sun X, Fan Y, Shen Y, Liu T, Song B. Leaves and stolons transcriptomic analysis provide insight into the role of phytochrome F in potato flowering and tuberization. Plant J 2023; 113:402-415. [PMID: 36562774 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Photoperiod plays a critical role in controlling the formation of sexual or vegetative reproductive organs in potato. Although StPHYF-silenced plants overcome day-length limitations to tuberize through a systemic effect on tuberigen StSP6A expression in the stolon, the comprehensive regulatory network of StPHYF remains obscure. Therefore, the present study investigated the transcriptomes of StPHYF-silenced plants and observed that, in addition to known components of the photoperiodic tuberization pathway, florigen StSP3D and other flowering-related genes were activated in StPHYF-silenced plants, exhibiting an early flowering response. Additionally, grafting experiments uncovered the long-distance effect of StPHYF silencing on gene expression in the stolon, including the circadian clock components, flowering-associated MADSs, and tuberization-related regulatory genes. Similar to the AtFT-AtAP1 regulatory module in Arabidopsis, the present study established that the AP1-like StMADS1 functions downstream of the tuberigen activation complex (TAC) and that suppressing StMADS1 inhibits tuberization in vitro and delays tuberization in vivo. Moreover, the expression of StSP6A was downregulated in StMADS1-silenced plants, implying the expression of StSP6A may be feedback-regulated by StMADS1. Overall, these results reveal that the regulatory network of StPHYF controls flowering and tuberization and targets the crucial tuberization factor StMADS1 through TAC, thereby providing a better understanding of StPHYF-mediated day-length perception during potato reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enshuang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education (HZAU), Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology (HZAU), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Potato Engineering and Technology Research Center of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Tingting Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education (HZAU), Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology (HZAU), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Potato Engineering and Technology Research Center of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Shenglin Jing
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education (HZAU), Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology (HZAU), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Potato Engineering and Technology Research Center of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Liepeng Dong
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education (HZAU), Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology (HZAU), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Potato Engineering and Technology Research Center of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Xiaomeng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education (HZAU), Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology (HZAU), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Potato Engineering and Technology Research Center of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Yujie Fan
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education (HZAU), Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology (HZAU), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Potato Engineering and Technology Research Center of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yunlong Shen
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education (HZAU), Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology (HZAU), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Potato Engineering and Technology Research Center of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Tengfei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education (HZAU), Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology (HZAU), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Potato Engineering and Technology Research Center of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Botao Song
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education (HZAU), Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology (HZAU), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Potato Engineering and Technology Research Center of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
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Taoka KI, Kawahara I, Shinya S, Harada KI, Yamashita E, Shimatani Z, Furuita K, Muranaka T, Oyama T, Terada R, Nakagawa A, Fujiwara T, Tsuji H, Kojima C. Multifunctional chemical inhibitors of the florigen activation complex discovered by structure-based high-throughput screening. Plant J 2022; 112:1337-1349. [PMID: 36288411 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Structure-based high-throughput screening of chemical compounds that target protein-protein interactions (PPIs) is a promising technology for gaining insight into how plant development is regulated, leading to many potential agricultural applications. At present, there are no examples of using high-throughput screening to identify chemicals that target plant transcriptional complexes, some of which are responsible for regulating multiple physiological functions. Florigen, a protein encoded by FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT), was initially identified as a molecule that promotes flowering and has since been shown to regulate flowering and other developmental phenomena such as tuber formation in potato (Solanum tuberosum). FT functions as a component of the florigen activation complex (FAC) with a 14-3-3 scaffold protein and FD, a bZIP transcription factor that activates downstream gene expression. Although 14-3-3 is an important component of FAC, little is known about the function of the 14-3-3 protein itself. Here, we report the results of a high-throughput in vitro fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) screening of chemical libraries that enabled us to identify small molecules capable of inhibiting FAC formation. These molecules abrogate the in vitro interaction between the 14-3-3 protein and the OsFD1 peptide, a rice (Oryza sativa) FD, by directly binding to the 14-3-3 protein. Treatment with S4, a specific hit molecule, strongly inhibited FAC activity and flowering in duckweed, tuber formation in potato, and branching in rice in a dose-dependent manner. Our results demonstrate that the high-throughput screening approach based on the three-dimensional structure of PPIs is suitable in plants. In this study, we have proposed good candidate compounds for future modification to obtain inhibitors of florigen-dependent processes through inhibition of FAC formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken-Ichiro Taoka
- Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ikumi Kawahara
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shoko Shinya
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Harada
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Eiki Yamashita
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Zenpei Shimatani
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
- Faculty of Agriculture, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kyoko Furuita
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Tokitaka Oyama
- Department of Botany, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Rie Terada
- Faculty of Agriculture, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nakagawa
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Hiroyuki Tsuji
- Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Chojiro Kojima
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Japan
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9
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Dutta M, Raturi V, Gahlaut V, Kumar A, Sharma P, Verma V, Gupta VK, Sood S, Zinta G. The interplay of DNA methyltransferases and demethylases with tuberization genes in potato ( Solanum tuberosum L.) genotypes under high temperature. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:933740. [PMID: 36051291 PMCID: PMC9425917 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.933740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Potato is a temperate crop consumed globally as a staple food. High temperature negatively impacts the tuberization process, eventually affecting crop yield. DNA methylation plays an important role in various developmental and physiological processes in plants. It is a conserved epigenetic mark determined by the dynamic concurrent action of cytosine-5 DNA methyltransferases (C5-MTases) and demethylases (DeMets). However, C5-MTases and DeMets remain unidentified in potato, and their expression patterns are unknown under high temperatures. Here, we performed genome-wide analysis and identified 10 C5-MTases and 8 DeMets in potatoes. Analysis of their conserved motifs, gene structures, and phylogenetic analysis grouped C5-MTases into four subfamilies (StMET, StCMT3, StDRM, and StDNMT2) and DeMets into three subfamilies (StROS, StDML, and StDME). Promoter analysis showed the presence of multiple cis-regulatory elements involved in plant development, hormone, and stress response. Furthermore, expression dynamics of C5-MTases and DeMets were determined in the different tissues (leaf, flower, and stolon) of heat-sensitive (HS) and heat-tolerant (HT) genotypes under high temperature. qPCR results revealed that high temperature resulted in pronounced upregulation of CMT and DRM genes in the HT genotype. Likewise, demethylases showed strong upregulation in HT genotype as compared to HS genotype. Several positive (StSP6A and StBEL5) and negative (StSP5G, StSUT4, and StRAP1) regulators are involved in the potato tuberization. Expression analysis of these genes revealed that high temperature induces the expression of positive regulators in the leaf and stolon samples of HT genotype, possibly through active DNA demethylation and RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM) pathway components. Our findings lay a framework for understanding how epigenetic pathways synergistically or antagonistically regulate the tuberization process under high-temperature stress in potatoes. Uncovering such mechanisms will contribute to potato breeding for developing thermotolerant potato varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhushree Dutta
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vidhi Raturi
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vijay Gahlaut
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India
| | - Akhil Kumar
- Agrotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India
| | - Paras Sharma
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India
| | - Vipasha Verma
- Agrotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India
| | | | - Salej Sood
- Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Gaurav Zinta
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
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10
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Su L, Cheng S, Liu Y, Xie Y, He Z, Jia M, Zhou X, Zhang R, Li C. Transcriptome and Metabolome Analysis Provide New Insights into the Process of Tuberization of Sechium edule Roots. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126390. [PMID: 35742832 PMCID: PMC9224348 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Chayote (Sechium edule) produces edible tubers with high starch content after 1 year of growth but the mechanism of chayote tuberization remains unknown. ‘Tuershao’, a chayote cultivar lacking edible fruits but showing higher tuber yield than traditional chayote cultivars, was used to study tuber formation through integrative analysis of the metabolome and transcriptome profiles at three tuber-growth stages. Starch biosynthesis- and galactose metabolism-related genes and metabolites were significantly upregulated during tuber bulking, whereas genes encoding sugars will eventually be exported transporter (SWEET) and sugar transporter (SUT) were highly expressed during tuber formation. Auxin precursor (indole-3-acetamide) and ethylene precursor, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid, were upregulated, suggesting that both hormones play pivotal roles in tuber development and maturation. Our data revealed a similar tuber-formation signaling pathway in chayote as in potatoes, including complexes BEL1/KNOX and SP6A/14-3-3/FDL. Down-regulation of the BEL1/KNOX complex and upregulation of 14-3-3 protein implied that these two complexes might have distinct functions in tuber formation. Finally, gene expression and microscopic analysis indicated active cell division during the initial stages of tuber formation. Altogether, the integration of transcriptome and metabolome analyses unraveled an overall molecular network of chayote tuberization that might facilitate its utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Su
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (L.S.); (S.C.); (Y.L.); (M.J.); (X.Z.); (R.Z.); (C.L.)
| | - Shaobo Cheng
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (L.S.); (S.C.); (Y.L.); (M.J.); (X.Z.); (R.Z.); (C.L.)
| | - Yuhang Liu
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (L.S.); (S.C.); (Y.L.); (M.J.); (X.Z.); (R.Z.); (C.L.)
| | - Yongdong Xie
- Institute for Processing and Storage of Agricultural Products, Chengdu Academy of Agricultural and Forest Sciences, Chengdu 611130, China;
| | - Zhongqun He
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (L.S.); (S.C.); (Y.L.); (M.J.); (X.Z.); (R.Z.); (C.L.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Mingyue Jia
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (L.S.); (S.C.); (Y.L.); (M.J.); (X.Z.); (R.Z.); (C.L.)
| | - Xiaoting Zhou
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (L.S.); (S.C.); (Y.L.); (M.J.); (X.Z.); (R.Z.); (C.L.)
| | - Ruijie Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (L.S.); (S.C.); (Y.L.); (M.J.); (X.Z.); (R.Z.); (C.L.)
| | - Chunyan Li
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (L.S.); (S.C.); (Y.L.); (M.J.); (X.Z.); (R.Z.); (C.L.)
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11
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Begum S, Jing S, Yu L, Sun X, Wang E, Abu Kawochar M, Qin J, Liu J, Song B. Modulation of JA signalling reveals the influence of StJAZ1-like on tuber initiation and tuber bulking in potato. Plant J 2022; 109:952-964. [PMID: 34837279 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Phytohormones and their interactions play critical roles in Solanum tuberosum (potato) tuberization. The stimulatory role of jasmonic acid (JA) in tuber development is well established because of its significant promotion of tuber initiation and tuber bulking. However, the dynamics and potential function of JA signalling in potato tuberization remain largely unknown. The present study investigated the role of the JAZ1 subtype, a suppressor of JA signalling, in potato tuberization. Using 35S:StJAZ1-like-GUS as a reporter, we showed that JA signalling was attenuated from the bud end to the stem end shortly after tuber initiation. Overexpression of StJAZ1-like suppressed tuber initiation by restricting the competence for tuber formation in stolon tips, as demonstrated by grafting an untransformed potato cultivar to the stock of StJAZ1-like-overexpressing transgenic potato plants (StJAZ1-like ox). In addition, transcriptional profiling analysis revealed that StJAZ1-like modulates the expression of genes associated with transcriptional regulators, cell cycle, cytoskeleton and phytohormones. Furthermore, we showed that StJAZ1-like is destabilised upon treatment with abcisic acid (ABA), and the attenuated tuberization phenotype in StJAZ1-like ox plants can be partially rescued by ABA treatment. Altogether, these results revealed that StJAZ1-like-mediated JA signalling plays an essential role in potato tuberization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahnewaz Begum
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
- Potato Engineering and Technology Research Center of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
- Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur, 1701, Bangladesh
| | - Shenglin Jing
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
- Potato Engineering and Technology Research Center of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Liu Yu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
- Potato Engineering and Technology Research Center of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Xiaomeng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
- Potato Engineering and Technology Research Center of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Enshuang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
- Potato Engineering and Technology Research Center of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Md Abu Kawochar
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
- Potato Engineering and Technology Research Center of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
- Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur, 1701, Bangladesh
| | - Jun Qin
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
- Potato Engineering and Technology Research Center of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
- Potato Engineering and Technology Research Center of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Botao Song
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
- Potato Engineering and Technology Research Center of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
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12
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Garg V, Hackel A, Kühn C. Expression Level of Mature miR172 in Wild Type and StSUT4-Silenced Plants of Solanum tuberosum Is Sucrose-Dependent. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031455. [PMID: 33535646 PMCID: PMC7867175 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In potato plants, the phloem-mobile miR172 is involved in the sugar-dependent transmission of flower and tuber inducing signal transduction pathways and a clear link between solute transport and the induction of flowering and tuberization was demonstrated. The sucrose transporter StSUT4 seems to play an important role in the photoperiod-dependent triggering of both developmental processes, flowering and tuberization, and the phenotype of StSUT4-inhibited potato plants is reminiscent to miR172 overexpressing plants. The first aim of this study was the determination of the level of miR172 in sink and source leaves of StSUT4-silenced as well as StSUT4-overexpressing plants in comparison to Solanum tuberosum ssp. Andigena wild type plants. The second aim was to investigate the effect of sugars on the level of miRNA172 in whole cut leaves, as well as in whole in vitro plantlets that were supplemented with exogenous sugars. Experiments clearly show a sucrose-dependent induction of the level of mature miR172 in short time as well as long time experiments. A sucrose-dependent accumulation of miR172 was also measured in mature leaves of StSUT4-silenced plants where sucrose export is delayed and sucrose accumulates at the end of the light period.
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13
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Osnato M, Cota I, Nebhnani P, Cereijo U, Pelaz S. Photoperiod Control of Plant Growth: Flowering Time Genes Beyond Flowering. Front Plant Sci 2021; 12:805635. [PMID: 35222453 PMCID: PMC8864088 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.805635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Fluctuations in environmental conditions greatly influence life on earth. Plants, as sessile organisms, have developed molecular mechanisms to adapt their development to changes in daylength, or photoperiod. One of the first plant features that comes to mind as affected by the duration of the day is flowering time; we all bring up a clear image of spring blossom. However, for many plants flowering happens at other times of the year, and many other developmental aspects are also affected by changes in daylength, which range from hypocotyl elongation in Arabidopsis thaliana to tuberization in potato or autumn growth cessation in trees. Strikingly, many of the processes affected by photoperiod employ similar gene networks to respond to changes in the length of light/dark cycles. In this review, we have focused on developmental processes affected by photoperiod that share similar genes and gene regulatory networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Osnato
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics, CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Environmental Science and Technology of the Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- *Correspondence: Michela Osnato,
| | - Ignacio Cota
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics, CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Poonam Nebhnani
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics, CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Unai Cereijo
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics, CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Soraya Pelaz
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics, CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Spain
- Soraya Pelaz,
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14
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Lehretz GG, Sonnewald S, Lugassi N, Granot D, Sonnewald U. Future-Proofing Potato for Drought and Heat Tolerance by Overexpression of Hexokinase and SP6A. Front Plant Sci 2020; 11:614534. [PMID: 33510758 PMCID: PMC7835534 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.614534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Crop yield is largely affected by global climate change. Especially periods of heat and drought limit crop productivity worldwide. According to current models of future climate scenarios, heatwaves and periods of drought are likely to increase. Potato, as an important food crop of temperate latitudes, is very sensitive to heat and drought which impact tuber yield and quality. To improve abiotic stress resilience of potato plants, we aimed at co-expressing hexokinase 1 from Arabidopsis thaliana (AtHXK1) in guard cells and SELF-PRUNING 6A (SP6A) using the leaf/stem-specific StLS1 promoter in order to increase water use efficiency as well as tuberization under drought and heat stress. Guard cell-specific expression of AtHXK1 decreased stomatal conductance and improved water use efficiency of transgenic potato plants as has been shown for other crop plants. Additionally, co-expression with the FT-homolog SP6A stimulated tuberization and improved assimilate allocation to developing tubers under control as well as under single and combined drought and heat stress conditions. Thus, co-expression of both proteins provides a novel strategy to improve abiotic stress tolerance of potato plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Günter G. Lehretz
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sophia Sonnewald
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nitsan Lugassi
- The Volcani Center, Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon Le-Zion, Israel
| | - David Granot
- The Volcani Center, Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon Le-Zion, Israel
| | - Uwe Sonnewald
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Uwe Sonnewald,
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15
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Morris WL, Ducreux LJM, Morris J, Campbell R, Usman M, Hedley PE, Prat S, Taylor MA. Identification of TIMING OF CAB EXPRESSION 1 as a temperature-sensitive negative regulator of tuberization in potato. J Exp Bot 2019; 70:5703-5714. [PMID: 31328229 PMCID: PMC6812706 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
For many potato cultivars, tuber yield is optimal at average daytime temperatures in the range 14-22 °C. Above this range, tuber yield is reduced for most cultivars. We previously reported that moderately elevated temperature increases steady-state expression of the core circadian clock gene TIMING OF CAB EXPRESSION 1 (StTOC1) in developing tubers, whereas expression of the StSP6A tuberization signal is reduced, along with tuber yield. In this study we provide evidence that StTOC1 links environmental signalling with potato tuberization by suppressing StSP6A autoactivation in the stolons. We show that transgenic lines silenced in StTOC1 expression exhibit enhanced StSP6A transcript levels and changes in gene expression in developing tubers that are indicative of an elevated sink strength. Nodal cuttings of StTOC1 antisense lines displayed increased tuber yields at moderately elevated temperatures, whereas tuber yield and StSP6A expression were reduced in StTOC1 overexpressor lines. Here we identify a number of StTOC1 binding partners and demonstrate that suppression of StSP6A expression is independent of StTOC1 complex formation with the potato homolog StPIF3. Down-regulation of StTOC1 thus provides a strategy to mitigate the effects of elevated temperature on tuber yield.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Muhammad Usman
- Institute of Horticultural Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Salomé Prat
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Darwin 3, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mark A Taylor
- The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, UK
- Correspondence:
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16
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Lehretz GG, Sonnewald S, Hornyik C, Corral JM, Sonnewald U. Post-transcriptional Regulation of FLOWERING LOCUS T Modulates Heat-Dependent Source-Sink Development in Potato. Curr Biol 2019; 29:1614-1624.e3. [PMID: 31056391 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2019.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Understanding tuberization in the major crop plant potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is of importance to secure yield even under changing environmental conditions. Tuber formation is controlled by a homolog of the floral inductor FLOWERING LOCUS T, referred to as SP6A. To gain deeper insights into its function, we created transgenic potato plants overexpressing a codon-optimized version of SP6A, SP6Acop, to avoid silencing effects. These plants exhibited extremely early tuberization at the juvenile stage, hindering green biomass development and indicating a tremendous shift in the source sink balance. The meristem identity was altered in dormant buds of transgenic tubers. This strong phenotype, not being reported so far for plants overexpressing an unmodified SP6A, could be due to post-transcriptional regulation. In fact, a putative SP6A-specific small regulatory RNA was identified in potato. It was effectively repressing SP6A mRNA accumulation in transient assays as well as in leaves of young potato plants prior to tuber formation. SP6A expression is downregulated under heat, preventing tuberization. The molecular mechanism has not been elucidated yet. We showed that this small RNA is strongly upregulated under heat. The importance of the small RNA was demonstrated by overexpression of a target mimicry construct, which led to an increased SP6A expression, enabling tuberization even under continuous heat conditions, which abolished tuber formation in the wild-type. Thus, our study describes an additional regulatory mechanism for SP6A besides the well-known pathway that integrates both developmental and environmental signals to control tuberization and is therefore a promising target for breeding of heat-tolerant potato.
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17
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Zhou T, Song B, Liu T, Shen Y, Dong L, Jing S, Xie C, Liu J. Phytochrome F plays critical roles in potato photoperiodic tuberization. Plant J 2019; 98:42-54. [PMID: 30552774 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 11/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The transition to tuberization contributes greatly to the adaptability of potato to a wide range of environments. Phytochromes are important light receptors for the growth and development of plants, but the detailed functions of phytochromes remain unclear in potato. In this study, we first confirmed that phytochrome F (StPHYF) played essential roles in photoperiodic tuberization in potato. By suppressing the StPHYF gene, the strict short-day potato genotype exhibited normal tuber formation under long-day (LD) conditions, together with the degradation of the CONSTANTS protein StCOL1 and modulation of two FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) paralogs, as demonstrated by the repression of StSP5G and by the activation of StSP6A during the light period. The function of StPHYF was further confirmed through grafting the scion of StPHYF-silenced lines, which induced the tuberization of untransformed stock under LDs, suggesting that StPHYF was involved in the production of mobile signals for tuberization in potato. We also identified that StPHYF exhibited substantial interaction with StPHYB both in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, our results indicate that StPHYF plays a role in potato photoperiodic tuberization, possibly by forming a heterodimer with StPHYB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Countryside, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
- National Center for Vegetable Improvement (Central China), Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Botao Song
- Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Countryside, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
- National Center for Vegetable Improvement (Central China), Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (HZAU), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Tengfei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Countryside, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
- National Center for Vegetable Improvement (Central China), Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (HZAU), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Yunlong Shen
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
- National Center for Vegetable Improvement (Central China), Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (HZAU), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Liepeng Dong
- Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Countryside, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Shenglin Jing
- Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Countryside, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
- National Center for Vegetable Improvement (Central China), Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Conghua Xie
- Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Countryside, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
- National Center for Vegetable Improvement (Central China), Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (HZAU), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Countryside, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
- National Center for Vegetable Improvement (Central China), Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
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18
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Wang CJ, Wang YZ, Chu ZH, Wang PS, Luan BH. [Root promoting effect and its regulation mechanisms of endophytic Bacillus amyloliquefaciens YTB1407 in sweet potato]. Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao 2018; 29:3819-3828. [PMID: 30460829 DOI: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.201811.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We isolated the endophytic Bacillus amyloliquefaciens YTB1407 from the root of Panax quinquefolium, which has both biological control and growth promoting effects. To investigate its potential applications, a pot experiment of sweet potato was tested to assess the capacity of endophytic colonization of YTB1407 and the selection of its optimum concentration by investigating the performance of root characteristics on three time points in the whole early growth phase after irrigating with different concentrations of bacterial suspensions with treatment of sterile water as control. The activities of endogenous hormone IAA, ZR, t-ZR and IAA oxidase (IAAO, PPO, POD) were analyzed. The results showed that YTB1407 promoted the specific colonization of root system, the elongation of adventitious root and branch roots, and root activity in the early growth stage of sweet potato. At later growth stage, it formed greater fresh mass of absorption root and lower aboveground/root system mass ratio. YTB1407 suspensions with OD600 of 0.50 (T0.50) had more significant effect, which induced the highest fresh tuber mass and the largest effective tuber numbers of per plant at top cover stage. YTB1407 promoted the differentiation of adventitious roots into tubers at initial point of tuberization by increasing IAA content and the ratio of (t-ZR+ZR)/IAA, decreasing IAAO activity and enhancing PPO activity. Moreover, it promoted the differentiated roots into tubers at tuberization stage by keeping the higher content of IAA, lower ratio of (t-ZR+ZR)/IAA, and decreasing IAAO and PPO activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui Juan Wang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Yantai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yantai 265500, Shandong, China
| | - Ying Zi Wang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Yantai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yantai 265500, Shandong, China
| | - Zhao Hui Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Pei Song Wang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Yantai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yantai 265500, Shandong, China
| | - Bing Hui Luan
- Institute of Plant Protection, Yantai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yantai 265500, Shandong, China
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19
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Kolachevskaya OO, Sergeeva LI, Getman IA, Lomin SN, Savelieva EM, Romanov GA. Core features of the hormonal status in in vitro grown potato plants. Plant Signal Behav 2018; 13:e1467697. [PMID: 29944434 PMCID: PMC6103274 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2018.1467697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Some time ago, potato transformants expressing Agrobacterium-derived auxin synthesis gene tms1 were generated. These tms1-transgenic plants, showing enhanced productivity, were studied for their hormonal status, turnover and responses in comparison with control plants. For this purpose, contents of phytohormones belonging to six different classes (auxins, cytokinins, gibberellins, abscisic, jasmonic and salicylic acids) were determined by a sensitive UPLC-MS/MS method in tubers and shoots of in vitro grown plants. To date, this study represents the most comprehensive analysis of the potato hormonal system. On the basis of obtained results, several new generalizations concerning potato hormonal status were drawn. Overall, these data can serve as a framework for forthcoming integrative studies of the hormonal system in potato plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- O. O. Kolachevskaya
- Laboratory of Signaling Systems, Institute of Plant Physiology RAS, Moscow, Russia
| | - L. I. Sergeeva
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - I. A. Getman
- Laboratory of Signaling Systems, Institute of Plant Physiology RAS, Moscow, Russia
| | - S. N. Lomin
- Laboratory of Signaling Systems, Institute of Plant Physiology RAS, Moscow, Russia
| | - E. M. Savelieva
- Laboratory of Signaling Systems, Institute of Plant Physiology RAS, Moscow, Russia
| | - G. A. Romanov
- Laboratory of Signaling Systems, Institute of Plant Physiology RAS, Moscow, Russia
- CONTACT Georgy A. Romanov ; Laboratory of Signaling Systems, Institute of Plant Physiology RAS, 127276 Moscow, Russia
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20
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Stritzler M, Muñiz García MN, Schlesinger M, Cortelezzi JI, Capiati DA. The plasma membrane H+-ATPase gene family in Solanum tuberosum L. Role of PHA1 in tuberization. J Exp Bot 2017; 68:4821-4837. [PMID: 28992210 PMCID: PMC5853856 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
This study presents the characterization of the plasma membrane (PM) H+-ATPases in potato, focusing on their role in stolon and tuber development. Seven PM H+-ATPase genes were identified in the Solanum tuberosum genome, designated PHA1-PHA7. PHA genes show distinct expression patterns in different plant tissues and under different stress treatments. Application of PM H+-ATPase inhibitors arrests stolon growth, promotes tuber induction, and reduces tuber size, indicating that PM H+-ATPases are involved in tuberization, acting at different stages of the process. Transgenic potato plants overexpressing PHA1 were generated (PHA1-OE). At early developmental stages, PHA1-OE stolons elongate faster and show longer epidermal cells than wild-type stolons; this accelerated growth is accompanied by higher cell wall invertase activity, lower starch content, and higher expression of the sucrose-H+ symporter gene StSUT1. PHA1-OE stolons display an increased branching phenotype and develop larger tubers. PHA1-OE plants are taller and also present a highly branched phenotype. These results reveal a prominent role for PHA1 in plant growth and development. Regarding tuberization, PHA1 promotes stolon elongation at early stages, and tuber growth later on. PHA1 is involved in the sucrose-starch metabolism in stolons, possibly providing the driving force for sugar transporters to maintain the apoplastic sucrose transport during elongation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Stritzler
- Institute of Genetic Engineering and Molecular Biology ‘Dr. Héctor Torres’ (INGEBI), National Research Council (CONICET), Vuelta de Obligado, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Noelia Muñiz García
- Institute of Genetic Engineering and Molecular Biology ‘Dr. Héctor Torres’ (INGEBI), National Research Council (CONICET), Vuelta de Obligado, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariana Schlesinger
- Institute of Genetic Engineering and Molecular Biology ‘Dr. Héctor Torres’ (INGEBI), National Research Council (CONICET), Vuelta de Obligado, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan Ignacio Cortelezzi
- Institute of Genetic Engineering and Molecular Biology ‘Dr. Héctor Torres’ (INGEBI), National Research Council (CONICET), Vuelta de Obligado, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniela Andrea Capiati
- Institute of Genetic Engineering and Molecular Biology ‘Dr. Héctor Torres’ (INGEBI), National Research Council (CONICET), Vuelta de Obligado, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Biochemistry Department, School of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Correspondence: or
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21
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Hannapel DJ, Banerjee AK. Multiple Mobile mRNA Signals Regulate Tuber Development in Potato. Plants (Basel) 2017; 6:plants6010008. [PMID: 28208608 PMCID: PMC5371767 DOI: 10.3390/plants6010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Included among the many signals that traffic through the sieve element system are full-length mRNAs that function to respond to the environment and to regulate development. In potato, several mRNAs that encode transcription factors from the three-amino-loop-extension (TALE) superfamily move from leaves to roots and stolons via the phloem to control growth and signal the onset of tuber formation. This RNA transport is enhanced by short-day conditions and is facilitated by RNA-binding proteins from the polypyrimidine tract-binding family of proteins. Regulation of growth is mediated by three mobile mRNAs that arise from vasculature in the leaf. One mRNA, StBEL5, functions to activate growth, whereas two other, sequence-related StBEL's, StBEL11 and StBEL29, function antagonistically to repress StBEL5 target genes involved in promoting tuber development. This dynamic system utilizes closely-linked phloem-mobile mRNAs to control growth in developing potato tubers. In creating a complex signaling pathway, potato has evolved a long-distance transport system that regulates underground organ development through closely-associated, full-length mRNAs that function as either activators or repressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Hannapel
- Plant Biology Major, 253 Horticulture Hall, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011-1100, USA.
| | - Anjan K Banerjee
- Biology Division, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, India.
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22
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Dutt S, Manjul AS, Raigond P, Singh B, Siddappa S, Bhardwaj V, Kawar PG, Patil VU, Kardile HB. Key players associated with tuberization in potato: potential candidates for genetic engineering. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2017; 37:942-957. [PMID: 28095718 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2016.1274876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Tuberization in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is a complex biological phenomenon which is affected by several environmental cues, genetic factors and plant nutrition. Understanding the regulation of tuber induction is essential to devise strategies to improve tuber yield and quality. It is well established that short-day photoperiods promote tuberization, whereas long days and high-temperatures inhibit or delay tuberization. Worldwide research on this complex biological process has yielded information on the important bio-molecules (proteins, RNAs, plant growth regulators) associated with the tuberization process in potato. Key proteins involved in the regulation of tuberization include StSP6A, POTH1, StBEL5, StPHYB, StCONSTANS, Sucrose transporter StSUT4, StSP5G, etc. Biomolecules that become transported from "source to sink" have also been suggested to be important signaling candidates regulating the tuberization process in potatos. Four molecules, namely StSP6A protein, StBEL5 RNA, miR172 and GAs, have been found to be the main candidates acting as mobile signals for tuberization. These biomolecules can be manipulated (overexpressed/inhibited) for improving the tuberization in commercial varieties/cultivars of potato. In this review, information about the genes/proteins and their mechanism of action associated with the tuberization process is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Som Dutt
- a ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute (ICAR-CPRI) , Shimla , Himachal Pradesh , India
| | - Anshul Sharma Manjul
- a ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute (ICAR-CPRI) , Shimla , Himachal Pradesh , India
| | - Pinky Raigond
- a ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute (ICAR-CPRI) , Shimla , Himachal Pradesh , India
| | - Brajesh Singh
- a ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute (ICAR-CPRI) , Shimla , Himachal Pradesh , India
| | - Sundaresha Siddappa
- a ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute (ICAR-CPRI) , Shimla , Himachal Pradesh , India
| | - Vinay Bhardwaj
- a ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute (ICAR-CPRI) , Shimla , Himachal Pradesh , India
| | - Prashant G Kawar
- a ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute (ICAR-CPRI) , Shimla , Himachal Pradesh , India
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23
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Bowrin V, Sutton F. Inversion induced Manihot esculenta stem tubers express key tuberization genes; Mec1, RZF, SuSy1 and PIN2. Plant Signal Behav 2016; 11:e1115167. [PMID: 26785907 PMCID: PMC4871658 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2015.1115167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Revised: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Cassava (M. esculenta) gives rise to unique underground stem tubers when stem cuttings are planted in an inverted orientation. The nutritional profile of the stem and root tubers were similar except for protein content which was higher in stem than in root tubers. RT-PCR revealed that several key genes (Mec1, RZF, SuSy1 and PIN2) involved in root tuberization were also expressed in these stem tubers. At five weeks post planting, these genes were expressed in roots and underground stems as in the mature tubers. However at 15 weeks post planting, they were expressed in both root and stem tubers but not in adventitious roots or in the non-tuberized stems. Expression of, the root auxin efflux carrier gene PIN2 in the stem tubers indicate a role for auxin in the stem tuberization process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Bowrin
- Department of Life Sciences; The University of The West Indies; St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Fedora Sutton
- Science Visions Inc.410 7th Street Brookings; SD; 57006, USA
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24
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Cho SK, Sharma P, Butler NM, Kang IH, Shah S, Rao AG, Hannapel DJ. Polypyrimidine tract-binding proteins of potato mediate tuberization through an interaction with StBEL5 RNA. J Exp Bot 2015; 66:6835-47. [PMID: 26283046 PMCID: PMC4623692 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Polypyrimidine tract-binding (PTB) proteins are a family of RNA-binding proteins that function in a wide range of RNA metabolic processes by binding to motifs rich in uracils and cytosines. A PTB protein of pumpkin was identified as the core protein of an RNA-protein complex that trafficks RNA. The biological function of the PTB-RNA complex, however, has not been demonstrated. In potato, six PTB proteins have been identified, and two, designated StPTB1 and StPTB6, are similar to the phloem-mobile pumpkin type. RNA binding assays confirmed the interaction of StPTB1 and StPTB6 with discrete pyrimidine-rich sequences of the 3'-untranslated regions of the phloem-mobile mRNA, StBEL5. The promoter of StPTB1 was active in companion cells of phloem in both stem and petioles. Expression of both types was evident in phloem cells of roots and in stolons during tuber formation. RNA accumulation of both PTB proteins was induced by short days in leaves in correlation with enhanced accumulation of StBEL5 RNA. StPTB suppression lines exhibited reduced tuber yields and decreased StBEL5 RNA accumulation, whereas StPTB overexpression lines displayed an increase in tuber production correlated with the enhanced production in stolons of steady-state levels of StBEL5 transcripts and RNA of key tuber identity genes. In StPTB overexpression lines, both the stability and long-distance transport of StBEL5 transcripts were enhanced, whereas in suppression lines stability and transport decreased. Using a transgenic approach, it is shown that the StPTB family of RNA-binding proteins regulate specific stages of development through an interaction with phloem-mobile transcripts of StBEL5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Ki Cho
- Plant Biology Major, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011-1100, USA
| | - Pooja Sharma
- Plant Biology Major, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011-1100, USA
| | | | - Il-Ho Kang
- Plant Biology Major, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011-1100, USA
| | - Shweta Shah
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - A Gururaj Rao
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - David J Hannapel
- Plant Biology Major, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011-1100, USA
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25
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Kolachevskaya OO, Alekseeva VV, Sergeeva LI, Rukavtsova EB, Getman IA, Vreugdenhil D, Buryanov YI, Romanov GA. Expression of auxin synthesis gene tms1 under control of tuber-specific promoter enhances potato tuberization in vitro. J Integr Plant Biol 2015; 57:734-44. [PMID: 25421937 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Phytohormones, auxins in particular, play an important role in plant development and productivity. Earlier data showed positive impact of exogenous auxin on potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tuberization. The aim of this study was to generate potato plants with increased auxin level predominantly in tubers. To this end, a pBinB33-tms1 vector was constructed harboring the Agrobacterium auxin biosynthesis gene tms1 fused to tuber-specific promoter of the class I patatin gene (B33-promoter) of potato. Among numerous independently generated B33:tms1 lines, those without visible differences from control were selected for detailed studies. In the majority of transgenic lines, tms1 gene transcription was detected, mostly in tubers rather than in shoots. Indoleacetic acid (IAA) content in tubers and the auxin tuber-to-shoot ratio were increased in tms1-expressing transformants. The organ-specific increase in auxin synthesis in B33:tms1-transformants accelerated and intensified the process of tuber formation, reduced the dose of carbohydrate supply required for in vitro tuberization, and decreased the photoperiodic dependence of tuber initiation. Overall, a positive correlation was observed between tms1 expression, IAA content in tubers, and stimulation of tuber formation. The revealed properties of B33:tms1 transformants imply an important role for auxin in potato tuberization and offer prospects to magnify potato productivity by a moderate organ-specific enhancement of auxin content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oksana O Kolachevskaya
- Signaling Systems Laboratory, Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 127276, Russia
| | - Valeriya V Alekseeva
- Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Branch of Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, 142290, Russia
| | - Lidiya I Sergeeva
- Signaling Systems Laboratory, Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 127276, Russia
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, 6708 PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Elena B Rukavtsova
- Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Branch of Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, 142290, Russia
| | - Irina A Getman
- Signaling Systems Laboratory, Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 127276, Russia
| | - Dick Vreugdenhil
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, 6708 PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Yaroslav I Buryanov
- Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Branch of Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, 142290, Russia
| | - Georgy A Romanov
- Signaling Systems Laboratory, Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 127276, Russia
- Department of Molecular Basis of Ontogenesis, Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russia
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26
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Tiwari JK, Devi S, Sundaresha S, Chandel P, Ali N, Singh B, Bhardwaj V, Singh BP. Microarray analysis of gene expression patterns in the leaf during potato tuberization in the potato somatic hybrid Solanum tuberosum and Solanum etuberosum. Genome 2015; 58:305-13. [PMID: 26284309 DOI: 10.1139/gen-2014-0191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Genes involved in photoassimilate partitioning and changes in hormonal balance are important for potato tuberization. In the present study, we investigated gene expression patterns in the tuber-bearing potato somatic hybrid (E1-3) and control non-tuberous wild species Solanum etuberosum (Etb) by microarray. Plants were grown under controlled conditions and leaves were collected at eight tuber developmental stages for microarray analysis. A t-test analysis identified a total of 468 genes (94 up-regulated and 374 down-regulated) that were statistically significant (p ≤ 0.05) and differentially expressed in E1-3 and Etb. Gene Ontology (GO) characterization of the 468 genes revealed that 145 were annotated and 323 were of unknown function. Further, these 145 genes were grouped based on GO biological processes followed by molecular function and (or) PGSC description into 15 gene sets, namely (1) transport, (2) metabolic process, (3) biological process, (4) photosynthesis, (5) oxidation-reduction, (6) transcription, (7) translation, (8) binding, (9) protein phosphorylation, (10) protein folding, (11) ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process, (12) RNA processing, (13) negative regulation of protein, (14) methylation, and (15) mitosis. RT-PCR analysis of 10 selected highly significant genes (p ≤ 0.01) confirmed the microarray results. Overall, we show that candidate genes induced in leaves of E1-3 were implicated in tuberization processes such as transport, carbohydrate metabolism, phytohormones, and transcription/translation/binding functions. Hence, our results provide an insight into the candidate genes induced in leaf tissues during tuberization in E1-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagesh Kumar Tiwari
- Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh - 171 001, India.,Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh - 171 001, India
| | - Sapna Devi
- Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh - 171 001, India.,Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh - 171 001, India
| | - S Sundaresha
- Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh - 171 001, India.,Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh - 171 001, India
| | - Poonam Chandel
- Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh - 171 001, India.,Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh - 171 001, India
| | - Nilofer Ali
- Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh - 171 001, India.,Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh - 171 001, India
| | - Brajesh Singh
- Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh - 171 001, India.,Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh - 171 001, India
| | - Vinay Bhardwaj
- Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh - 171 001, India.,Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh - 171 001, India
| | - Bir Pal Singh
- Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh - 171 001, India.,Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh - 171 001, India
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Hancock RD, Morris WL, Ducreux LJM, Morris JA, Usman M, Verrall SR, Fuller J, Simpson CG, Zhang R, Hedley PE, Taylor MA. Physiological, biochemical and molecular responses of the potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) plant to moderately elevated temperature. Plant Cell Environ 2014; 37:439-50. [PMID: 23889235 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 06/25/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Although significant work has been undertaken regarding the response of model and crop plants to heat shock during the acclimatory phase, few studies have examined the steady-state response to the mild heat stress encountered in temperate agriculture. In the present work, we therefore exposed tuberizing potato plants to mildly elevated temperatures (30/20 °C, day/night) for up to 5 weeks and compared tuber yield, physiological and biochemical responses, and leaf and tuber metabolomes and transcriptomes with plants grown under optimal conditions (22/16 °C). Growth at elevated temperature reduced tuber yield despite an increase in net foliar photosynthesis. This was associated with major shifts in leaf and tuber metabolite profiles, a significant decrease in leaf glutathione redox state and decreased starch synthesis in tubers. Furthermore, growth at elevated temperature had a profound impact on leaf and tuber transcript expression with large numbers of transcripts displaying a rhythmic oscillation at the higher growth temperature. RT-PCR revealed perturbation in the expression of circadian clock transcripts including StSP6A, previously identified as a tuberization signal. Our data indicate that potato plants grown at moderately elevated temperatures do not exhibit classic symptoms of abiotic stress but that tuber development responds via a diversity of biochemical and molecular signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert D Hancock
- Cellular and Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA, UK
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Lakhotia N, Joshi G, Bhardwaj AR, Katiyar-Agarwal S, Agarwal M, Jagannath A, Goel S, Kumar A. Identification and characterization of miRNAome in root, stem, leaf and tuber developmental stages of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) by high-throughput sequencing. BMC Plant Biol 2014; 14:6. [PMID: 24397411 PMCID: PMC3913621 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-14-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 12/26/2013] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are ubiquitous components of endogenous plant transcriptome. miRNAs are small, single-stranded and ~21 nt long RNAs which regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level and are known to play essential roles in various aspects of plant development and growth. Previously, a number of miRNAs have been identified in potato through in silico analysis and deep sequencing approach. However, identification of miRNAs through deep sequencing approach was limited to a few tissue types and developmental stages. This study reports the identification and characterization of potato miRNAs in three different vegetative tissues and four stages of tuber development by high throughput sequencing. RESULTS Small RNA libraries were constructed from leaf, stem, root and four early developmental stages of tuberization and subjected to deep sequencing, followed by bioinformatics analysis. A total of 89 conserved miRNAs (belonging to 33 families), 147 potato-specific miRNAs (with star sequence) and 112 candidate potato-specific miRNAs (without star sequence) were identified. The digital expression profiling based on TPM (Transcripts Per Million) and qRT-PCR analysis of conserved and potato-specific miRNAs revealed that some of the miRNAs showed tissue specific expression (leaf, stem and root) while a few demonstrated tuberization stage-specific expressions. Targets were predicted for identified conserved and potato-specific miRNAs, and predicted targets of four conserved miRNAs, miR160, miR164, miR172 and miR171, which are ARF16 (Auxin Response Factor 16), NAM (NO APICAL MERISTEM), RAP1 (Relative to APETALA2 1) and HAM (HAIRY MERISTEM) respectively, were experimentally validated using 5' RLM-RACE (RNA ligase mediated rapid amplification of cDNA ends). Gene ontology (GO) analysis for potato-specific miRNAs was also performed to predict their potential biological functions. CONCLUSIONS We report a comprehensive study of potato miRNAs at genome-wide level by high-throughput sequencing and demonstrate that these miRNAs have tissue and/or developmental stage-specific expression profile. Also, predicted targets of conserved miRNAs were experimentally confirmed for the first time in potato. Our findings indicate the existence of extensive and complex small RNA population in this crop and suggest their important role in pathways involved in diverse biological processes, including tuber development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Lakhotia
- Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Gopal Joshi
- Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | | | - Surekha Katiyar-Agarwal
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Manu Agarwal
- Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Arun Jagannath
- Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Shailendra Goel
- Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Amar Kumar
- Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
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Suárez-López P. A critical appraisal of phloem-mobile signals involved in tuber induction. Front Plant Sci 2013; 4:253. [PMID: 23882274 PMCID: PMC3712254 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2013.00253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Accepted: 07/23/2013] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The identification of FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) and several FT homologs as phloem-mobile proteins that regulate flowering has sparked the search for additional homologs involved in the long-distance regulation of other developmental processes. Given that flowering and tuber induction share regulatory pathways, the quest for long-distance tuberization signals has been further stimulated. Several tuberization regulators have been proposed as mobile molecules, including the FT family protein StSP6A, the plant growth regulators gibberellins and the microRNA miR172. Although some of these hypotheses are attractive and plausible, evidence that these molecules are transmissible in potato has yet to be obtained. Two mRNAs encoding transcription factors, StBEL5 and POTATO HOMEOBOX 1 (POTH1), are mobile and correlate with tuber induction. However, evidence that StBEL5 or POTH1 are required for tuberization is not available yet. Therefore, there are several good candidates for long-distance molecules in the tuberization process. Further research should test their role as systemic tuberization signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Suárez-López
- *Correspondence: Paula Suárez-López, Molecular Genetics Department, Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics, CSIC - IRTA - UAB - UB, Campus UAB, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), 08193 Barcelona, Spain e-mail:
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Abstract
Several hormones have been studied for their effect on tuber initiation and development. Until recently, the hormone with the most prominent role in tuber initiation was attributed to GA. Genes involved in GA degradation do exhibit an upregulated profile during early stages of tuber development, leading to a rapid decrease of active GA content, thereby facilitating stolon-tip swelling. While GA is known to be involved in shoot and stolon elongation, the development of the new tuberorgan requires changes in meristem identity and the reorientation ofthe plane of cell division. In other developmental processes, such as embryo patterning, flower development and lateral root initiation auxin plays a key role. Recent evidence on the involvement of auxin in tuber formation was providedby the measurement of auxin content in swelling stolons. Auxin content in the stolon tips increased several fold prior to tuber swelling. In vitro tuberisation experiments with auxin applications support the role of auxin during tuber initiation. Taken together, it is becoming clear that the initiation and induction of tubers in potato is a developmental process that appears to be regulated by a crosstalk between GA and auxin.
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Ku AT, Huang YS, Wang YS, Ma D, Yeh KW. IbMADS1 (Ipomoea batatas MADS-box 1 gene) is involved in tuberous root initiation in sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas). Ann Bot 2008; 102:57-67. [PMID: 18463111 PMCID: PMC2712425 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcn067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2008] [Revised: 02/13/2008] [Accepted: 03/31/2008] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The tuberization mechanism of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) has long been studied using various approaches. Morphological data have revealed that the tuberizing events result from the activation of the cambium, followed by cell proliferation. However, uncertainties still remain regarding the regulators participating in this signal-transduction pathway. An attempt was made to characterize the role of one MADS-box transcription factor, which was preferentially expressed in sweet potato roots at the early tuberization stage. METHODS A differential expression level of IbMADS1 (Ipomoea batatas MADS-box 1) was detected temporally and spatially in sweet potato tissues. IbMADS1 responses to tuberization-related hormones were assessed. In order to identify the evolutionary significance, the expression pattern of IbMADS1 was surveyed in two tuber-deficient Ipomoea relatives, I. leucantha and I. trifida, and compared with sweet potato. In functional analyses, potato (Solanum tuberosum) was employed as a heterologous model. The resulting tuber morphogenesis was examined anatomically in order to address the physiological function of IbMADS1, which should act similarly in sweet potato. KEY RESULTS IbMADS1 was preferentially expressed as tuberous root development proceeded. Its expression was inducible by tuberization-related hormones, such as jasmonic acid and cytokinins. In situ hybridization data showed that IbMADS1 transcripts were specifically distributed around immature meristematic cells within the stele and lateral root primordia. Inter-species examination indicated that IbMADS1 expression was relatively active in sweet potato roots, but undetectable in tuber-deficient Ipomoea species. IbMADS1-transformed potatoes exhibited tuber morphogenesis in the fibrous roots. The partial swellings along fibrous roots were mainly due to anomalous proliferation and differentiation in the xylem. CONCLUSIONS Based on this study, it is proposed that IbMADS1 is an important integrator at the initiation of tuberization. As a result, the initiation and development of tuberous roots seems to be well regulated by a network involving a MADS-box gene in which such hormones as jasmonic acid and cytokinins may act as trigger factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Tsu Ku
- Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, 10617, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Shiuan Huang
- Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, 10617, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Shu Wang
- Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, 10617, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Daifu Ma
- Institute of Sweet Potato, Xuzhou, 221121, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kai-Wun Yeh
- Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, 10617, Taipei, Taiwan
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Medina RD, Faloci MM, Gonzalez AM, Mroginski LA. In vitro cultured primary roots derived from stem segments of cassava (Manihot esculenta) can behave like storage organs. Ann Bot 2007; 99:409-23. [PMID: 17267513 PMCID: PMC2802953 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcl272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2006] [Revised: 10/23/2006] [Accepted: 11/10/2006] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Cassava (Manihot esculenta) has three adventitious root types: primary and secondary fibrous roots, and storage roots. Different adventitious root types can also regenerate from in vitro cultured segments. The aim of this study was to investigate aspects of in vitro production of storage roots. METHODS Morphological and anatomical analyses were performed to identify and differentiate each root type. Twenty-nine clones were assayed to determine the effect of genotype on the capacity to form storage roots in vitro. The effects of cytokinins and auxins on the formation of storage roots in vitro were also examined. KEY RESULTS Primary roots formed in vitro and in vivo had similar tissue kinds; however, storage roots formed in vitro exhibited physiological specialization for storing starch. The only consistent diagnostic feature between secondary fibrous and storage roots was their functional differentiation. Anatomical analysis of the storage roots formed in vitro showed that radial expansion as a consequence of massive proliferation and enlargement of parenchymatous cells occurred in the middle cortex, but not from cambial activity as in roots formed in vivo. Cortical expansion could be related to dilatation growth favoured by hormone treatments. Starch deposition of storage roots formed in vitro was confined to cortical tissue and occurred earlier than in storage roots formed in vivo. Auxin and cytokinin supplementation were absolutely required for in vitro storage root regeneration; these roots were not able to develop secondary growth, but formed a tissue competent for starch storing. MS medium with 5 % sucrose plus 0.54 microM 1-naphthaleneacetic acid and 0.44 microM 6-benzylaminopurine was one of the most effective in stimulating the storage root formation. Genotypes differed significantly in their capacity to produce storage roots in vitro. Storage root formation was considerably affected by the segment's primary position and strongly influenced by hormone treatments. CONCLUSIONS The storage root formation system reported here is a first approach to develop a tuberization model, and additional efforts are required to improve it. Although it was not possible to achieve root secondary growth, after this work it will be feasible to advance in some aspects of in vitro cassava tuberization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo D Medina
- Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste (IBONE), Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias (UNNE-Universidad Nacional del Nordeste), Casilla de Correo 209, (3400) Corrientes, Argentina.
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Helder H, Miersch O, Vreugdenhil D, Sembdner G. Occurrence of hydroxylated jasmonic acids in leaflets of Solanum demissum plants grown under long- and short-day conditions. Physiol Plant 1993; 88:647-653. [PMID: 28741774 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3054.1993.tb01384.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Under short-day (SD) conditions both 11-OH-jasmonic acid (11-OH-JA) and a smaller quantity of 12-OH-JA occurred in leaflets of Solanum demissum Lindl. Plants which had formed tubers. This is the first time that 11-OH-JA has been detected as a native substance in higher plants. Under long-day (LD) conditions no tubers were formed and none of these compounds were detectable. A positive correlation was found between the occurrence of 11-OH-JA and 12-OH-JA in leaflets of S. demissum and tuber formation, but a causal relation has yet to be proved. The (-)-JA content in leaflets was not significantly different under short and long days. Mild stress applied to detached SD and LD leaflets caused a rapid accumulation of JA in these leaflets. Upon this treatment an increase in the levels of hydroxylated JAs was detected in SD leaflets only. JA was a potent promotor of tuber formation in vitro in S. demissum explants. Lipoxygenase (LOX: EC 1.13.11.12) is involved in the biosynthesis of JA. Under SD conditions, application of salicylhydroxamic acid (SHAM), an inhibitor of LOX activity, to the roots did not prevent tuber formation in vivo. It is suggested that daylength controls the hydroxylation of JA. The enzyme(s), responsible for the hydroxylation of JA, would only be effective under SD conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Helder
- Dept of Nematology, Wageningen Agricultural Univ., Binnenhaven 10, 6709 PD Wageningen. The Netherlands;Dept of Plant Physiology, Wageningen Agricultural Univ., Arboretumlan 4, 6703 BD Wageningen, The Netherlands;Inst. of Plant Bio-chemistry Halle, Box 250, O-4010 Halle, Germany
| | - Otto Miersch
- Dept of Nematology, Wageningen Agricultural Univ., Binnenhaven 10, 6709 PD Wageningen. The Netherlands;Dept of Plant Physiology, Wageningen Agricultural Univ., Arboretumlan 4, 6703 BD Wageningen, The Netherlands;Inst. of Plant Bio-chemistry Halle, Box 250, O-4010 Halle, Germany
| | - Dick Vreugdenhil
- Dept of Nematology, Wageningen Agricultural Univ., Binnenhaven 10, 6709 PD Wageningen. The Netherlands;Dept of Plant Physiology, Wageningen Agricultural Univ., Arboretumlan 4, 6703 BD Wageningen, The Netherlands;Inst. of Plant Bio-chemistry Halle, Box 250, O-4010 Halle, Germany
| | - Günther Sembdner
- Dept of Nematology, Wageningen Agricultural Univ., Binnenhaven 10, 6709 PD Wageningen. The Netherlands;Dept of Plant Physiology, Wageningen Agricultural Univ., Arboretumlan 4, 6703 BD Wageningen, The Netherlands;Inst. of Plant Bio-chemistry Halle, Box 250, O-4010 Halle, Germany
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