51
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Lu J, Xu Y, Fan Y, Wang Y, Zhang G, Liang Y, Jiang C, Hong B, Gao J, Ma C. Proteome and Ubiquitome Changes during Rose Petal Senescence. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E6108. [PMID: 31817087 PMCID: PMC6940906 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Petal senescence involves numerous programmed changes in biological and biochemical processes. Ubiquitination plays a critical role in protein degradation, a hallmark of organ senescence. Therefore, we investigated changes in the proteome and ubiquitome of senescing rose (Rosa hybrida) petals to better understand their involvement in petal senescence. Of 3859 proteins quantified in senescing petals, 1198 were upregulated, and 726 were downregulated during senescence. We identified 2208 ubiquitinated sites, including 384 with increased ubiquitination in 298 proteins and 1035 with decreased ubiquitination in 674 proteins. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses revealed that proteins related to peptidases in proteolysis and autophagy pathways were enriched in the proteome, suggesting that protein degradation and autophagy play important roles in petal senescence. In addition, many transporter proteins accumulated in senescing petals, and several transport processes were enriched in the ubiquitome, indicating that transport of substances is associated with petal senescence and regulated by ubiquitination. Moreover, several components of the brassinosteroid (BR) biosynthesis and signaling pathways were significantly altered at the protein and ubiquitination levels, implying that BR plays an important role in petal senescence. Our data provide a comprehensive view of rose petal senescence at the posttranslational level.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Chao Ma
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (J.L.); (Y.X.); (Y.F.); (Y.W.); (G.Z.); (Y.L.); (C.J.); (B.H.); (J.G.)
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52
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Zhang S, Zhao Q, Zeng D, Xu J, Zhou H, Wang F, Ma N, Li Y. RhMYB108, an R2R3-MYB transcription factor, is involved in ethylene- and JA-induced petal senescence in rose plants. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2019; 6:131. [PMID: 31814984 PMCID: PMC6885062 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-019-0221-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Rose (Rosa hybrida) plants are major ornamental species worldwide, and their commercial value greatly depends on their open flowers, as both the quality of fully open petals and long vase life are important. Petal senescence can be started and accelerated by various hormone signals, and ethylene is considered an accelerator of petal senescence in rose. To date, however, the underlying mechanism of signaling crosstalk between ethylene and other hormones such as JA in petal senescence remains largely unknown. Here, we isolated RhMYB108, an R2R3-MYB transcription factor, which is highly expressed in senescing petals as well as in petals treated with exogenous ethylene and JA. Applications of exogenous ethylene and JA markedly accelerated petal senescence, while the process was delayed in response to applications of 1-MCP, an ethylene action inhibitor. In addition, silencing of RhMYB108 alter the expression of SAGs such as RhNAC029, RhNAC053, RhNAC092, RhSAG12, and RhSAG113, and finally block ethylene- and JA-induced petal senescence. Furthermore, RhMYB108 was identified to target the promoters of RhNAC053, RhNAC092, and RhSAG113. Our results reveal a model in which RhMYB108 functions as a receptor of ethylene and JA signals to modulate the onset of petal senescence by targeting and enhancing senescence-associated gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zhang
- School of Applied Chemistry and Biological Technology, Postdoctoral Innovation Practice Base, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055 China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fermentation, Purification and Analysis, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen, 518055 Guangdong China
| | - Qingcui Zhao
- School of Applied Chemistry and Biological Technology, Postdoctoral Innovation Practice Base, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055 China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fermentation, Purification and Analysis, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen, 518055 Guangdong China
| | - Daxing Zeng
- School of Applied Chemistry and Biological Technology, Postdoctoral Innovation Practice Base, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055 China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fermentation, Purification and Analysis, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen, 518055 Guangdong China
| | - Jiehua Xu
- School of Applied Chemistry and Biological Technology, Postdoctoral Innovation Practice Base, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055 China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fermentation, Purification and Analysis, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen, 518055 Guangdong China
| | - Hougao Zhou
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642 China
| | - Fenglan Wang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642 China
| | - Nan Ma
- China Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yonghong Li
- School of Applied Chemistry and Biological Technology, Postdoctoral Innovation Practice Base, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055 China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fermentation, Purification and Analysis, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen, 518055 Guangdong China
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53
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Cao X, Yan H, Liu X, Li D, Sui M, Wu J, Yu H, Zhang Z. A detached petal disc assay and virus-induced gene silencing facilitate the study of Botrytis cinerea resistance in rose flowers. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2019; 6:136. [PMID: 31814989 PMCID: PMC6885046 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-019-0219-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Fresh-cut roses (Rosa hybrida) are one of the most important ornamental crops worldwide, with annual trade in the billions of dollars. Gray mold disease caused by the pathogen Botrytis cinerea is the most serious fungal threat to cut roses, causing extensive postharvest losses. In this study, we optimized a detached petal disc assay (DPDA) for artificial B. cinerea inoculation and quantification of disease symptoms in rose petals. Furthermore, as the identification of rose genes involved in B. cinerea resistance could provide useful genetic and genomic resources, we devised a virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) procedure for the functional analysis of B. cinerea resistance genes in rose petals. We used RhPR10.1 as a reporter of silencing efficiency and found that the rose cultivar 'Samantha' showed the greatest decrease in RhPR10.1 expression among the cultivars tested. To determine whether jasmonic acid and ethylene are required for B. cinerea resistance in rose petals, we used VIGS to silence the expression of RhLOX5 and RhEIN3 (encoding a jasmonic acid biosynthesis pathway protein and an ethylene regulatory protein, respectively) and found that petal susceptibility to B. cinerea was affected. Finally, a VIGS screen of B. cinerea-induced rose transcription factors demonstrated the potential benefits of this method for the high-throughput identification of gene function in B. cinerea resistance. Collectively, our data show that the combination of the DPDA and VIGS is a reliable and high-throughput method for studying B. cinerea resistance in rose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Cao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Huijun Yan
- Flower Research Institute of Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650205 Yunnan China
| | - Xintong Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Dandan Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Mengjie Sui
- Flower Research Institute of Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650205 Yunnan China
| | - Jie Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Hongqiang Yu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Zhao Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
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54
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Liu Z, Marella CBN, Hartmann A, Hajirezaei MR, von Wirén N. An Age-Dependent Sequence of Physiological Processes Defines Developmental Root Senescence. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 181:993-1007. [PMID: 31515448 PMCID: PMC6836830 DOI: 10.1104/pp.19.00809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Aging-related processes in plant tissues are associated with changes in developmental and physiological processes relevant for stress tolerance and plant performance. While senescence-regulated processes have been extensively characterized in leaves, they remain poorly described in roots. Here, we investigated the physiological processes and molecular determinants underlying the senescence of seminal roots in hydroponically grown barley (Hordeum vulgare). Transcriptome profiling in apical and basal root tissues revealed that several NAC-, WRKY-, and APETALA2 (AP2)-type transcription factors were upregulated just before the arrest of root elongation, when root cortical cell lysis and nitrate uptake, as well as cytokinin concentrations ceased. At this time point, root abscisic acid levels peaked, suggesting that abscisic acid is involved in root aging-related processes characterized by expression changes of genes involved in oxidative stress responses. This temporal sequence of aging-related processes in roots is highly reminiscent of typical organ senescence, with the exception of evidence for the retranslocation of nutrients from roots. Supported by the identification of senescence-related transcription factors, some of which are not expressed in leaves, our study indicates that roots undergo an intrinsic genetically determined senescence program, predominantly influenced by plant age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaojun Liu
- Molecular Plant Nutrition, Department Physiology and Cell Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Corrensstrasse 3, 06466 Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Chakravarthy B N Marella
- Molecular Plant Nutrition, Department Physiology and Cell Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Corrensstrasse 3, 06466 Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Anja Hartmann
- Molecular Plant Nutrition, Department Physiology and Cell Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Corrensstrasse 3, 06466 Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Mohammad R Hajirezaei
- Molecular Plant Nutrition, Department Physiology and Cell Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Corrensstrasse 3, 06466 Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Nicolaus von Wirén
- Molecular Plant Nutrition, Department Physiology and Cell Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Corrensstrasse 3, 06466 Gatersleben, Germany vonwiren@ipk-gatersleben
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55
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Gao Y, Liu Y, Liang Y, Lu J, Jiang C, Fei Z, Jiang CZ, Ma C, Gao J. Rosa hybrida RhERF1 and RhERF4 mediate ethylene- and auxin-regulated petal abscission by influencing pectin degradation. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 99:1159-1171. [PMID: 31111587 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The timing of plant organ abscission is modulated by the balance of two hormones, ethylene and auxin, while the mechanism of organ shedding depends on the loss of middle lamella pectin in the abscission zone (AZ). However, the mechanisms involved in sensing the balance of auxin and ethylene and that affect pectin degradation during abscission are not well understood. In this study, we identified two members of the APETALA2/ethylene-responsive factor (AP2/ERF) transcription factor family in rose (Rosa hybrida), RhERF1 and RhERF4 which play a role in petal abscission. The expression of RhERF1 and RhERF4 was influenced by ethylene and auxin, respectively. Reduced expression of RhERF1 or RhERF4 was observed to accelerate petal abscission. Global expression analysis and real-time PCR assays revealed that RhERF1 and RhERF4 modulate the expression of genes encoding pectin-metabolizing enzymes. A reduction in the abundance of pectin epitopes was detected in the AZs of RhERF1 and RhERF4-silenced plants by immunofluorescence microscopy analysis. In addition, RhERF1 and RhERF4 were shown to bind to the promoter of the pectin-metabolizing gene β-GALACTOSIDASE 1 (RhBGLA1), and reduced expression of RhBGLA1 delayed petal abscission. We conclude that during petal abscission, RhERF1 and RhERF4 integrate and coordinate ethylene and auxin signals to modulate pectin metabolism, in part by regulating the expression of RhBGLA1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuerong Gao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yue Liang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jingyun Lu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Chuyan Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhangjun Fei
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Ithaca, 14853, NY, USA
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Ithaca, 14853, NY, USA
| | - Cai-Zhong Jiang
- Crops Pathology and Genetic Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Davis, 95616, CA, USA
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California at Davis, Davis, 95616, CA, USA
| | - Chao Ma
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Junping Gao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
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56
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Wu T, Mao X, Kou Y, Li Y, Sun H, He Y, Chen F. Characterization of Microalgal Acetyl-CoA Synthetases with High Catalytic Efficiency Reveals Their Regulatory Mechanism and Lipid Engineering Potential. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:9569-9578. [PMID: 31385495 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b03370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Acetyl-CoA synthetase (ACS) plays a key role in microalgal lipid biosynthesis and acetyl-CoA industrial production. In the present study, two ACSs were cloned and characterized from the oleaginous microalga Chromochloris zofingiensis. In vitro kinetic analysis showed that the Km values of CzACS1 and CzACS2 for potassium acetate were 0.99 and 0.81 mM, respectively. Moreover, CzACS1 and CzACS2 had outstanding catalytic efficiencies (kcat/Km), which were 70.67 and 79.98 s-1 mM-1, respectively, and these values were higher than that of other reported ACSs. CzACS1 and CzACS2 exhibited differential expression patterns at the transcriptional level under various conditions. Screening a recombinant library of 52 transcription factors (TFs) constructed in the present study via yeast one-hybrid assay pointed to seven TFs with potential involvement in the regulation of the two ACS genes. Expression correlation analysis implied that GATA20 was likely an important regulator of CzACS2 and that ERF9 could regulate two CzACSs simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Han Sun
- Institute for Advanced Study , Shenzhen University , Shenzhen 518060 , China
| | | | - Feng Chen
- Institute for Advanced Study , Shenzhen University , Shenzhen 518060 , China
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57
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Xie L, Zhang Q, Sun D, Yang W, Hu J, Niu L, Zhang Y. Virus-induced gene silencing in the perennial woody Paeonia ostii. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7001. [PMID: 31179188 PMCID: PMC6545099 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Tree peony is a perennial deciduous shrub with great ornamental and medicinal value. A limitation of its current functional genomic research is the lack of effective molecular genetic tools. Here, the first application of a Tobacco rattle virus (TRV)-based virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) in the tree peony species Paeonia ostii is presented. Two different approaches, leaf syringe-infiltration and seedling vacuum-infiltration, were utilized for Agrobacterium-mediated inoculation. The vacuum-infiltration was shown to result in a more complete Agrobacterium penetration than syringe-infiltration, and thereby determined as an appropriate inoculation method. The silencing of reporter gene PoPDS encoding phytoene desaturase was achieved in TRV-PoPDS-infected triennial tree peony plantlets, with a typical photobleaching phenotype shown in uppermost newly-sprouted leaves. The endogenous PoPDS transcripts were remarkably down-regulated in VIGS photobleached leaves. Moreover, the green fluorescent protein (GFP) fluorescence was detected in leaves and roots of plants inoculated with TRV-GFP, suggesting the capability of TRV to silence genes in various tissues. Taken together, the data demonstrated that the TRV-based VIGS technique could be adapted for high-throughput functional characterization of genes in tree peony.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihang Xie
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qingyu Zhang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Daoyang Sun
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Weizong Yang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiayuan Hu
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lixin Niu
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yanlong Zhang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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58
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Wu J, Jin Y, Liu C, Vonapartis E, Liang J, Wu W, Gazzarrini S, He J, Yi M. GhNAC83 inhibits corm dormancy release by regulating ABA signaling and cytokinin biosynthesis in Gladiolus hybridus. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:1221-1237. [PMID: 30517656 PMCID: PMC6382327 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Corm dormancy is an important trait for breeding in many bulb flowers, including the most cultivated Gladiolus hybridus. Gladiolus corms are modified underground stems that function as storage organs and remain dormant to survive adverse environmental conditions. Unlike seed dormancy, not much is known about corm dormancy. Here, we characterize the mechanism of corm dormancy release (CDR) in Gladiolus. We identified an important ABA (abscisic acid) signaling regulator, GhPP2C1 (protein phosphatase 2C1), by transcriptome analysis of CDR. GhPP2C1 expression increased during CDR, and silencing of GhPP2C1 expression in dormant cormels delayed CDR. Furthermore, we show that GhPP2C1 expression is directly regulated by GhNAC83, which was identified by yeast one-hybrid library screening. In planta assays show that GhNAC83 is a negative regulator of GhPP2C1, and silencing of GhNAC83 promoted CDR. As expected, silencing of GhNAC83 decreased the ABA level, but also dramatically increased cytokinin (CK; zeatin) content in cormels. Binding assays demonstrate that GhNAC83 associates with the GhIPT (ISOPENTENYLTRANSFERASE) promoter and negatively regulates zeatin biosynthesis. Taken together, our results reveal that GhNAC83 promotes ABA signaling and synthesis, and inhibits CK biosynthesis pathways, thereby inhibiting CDR. These findings demonstrate that GhNAC83 regulates the ABA and CK pathways, and therefore controls corm dormancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, ON, Canada
| | - Yujie Jin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Eliana Vonapartis
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, ON, Canada
| | - Jiahui Liang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjing Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Sonia Gazzarrini
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, ON, Canada
| | - Junna He
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Correspondence: or
| | - Mingfang Yi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Correspondence: or
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59
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Yang S, Wen C, Liu B, Cai Y, Xue S, Bartholomew ES, Dong M, Jian C, Xu S, Wang T, Qi W, Pang J, Ma D, Liu X, Ren H. A CsTu-TS1 regulatory module promotes fruit tubercule formation in cucumber. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2019; 17:289-301. [PMID: 29905035 PMCID: PMC6330641 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 06/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The fruit epidermal features such as the size of tubercules are important fruit quality traits for cucumber production. But the mechanisms underlying tubercule formation remain elusive. Here, tubercule size locus CsTS1 was identified by map-based cloning and was found to encode an oleosin protein. Allelic variation was identified in the promoter region of CsTS1, resulting in low expression of CsTS1 in all 22 different small-warty or nonwarty cucumber lines. High CsTS1 expression levels were closely correlated with increased fruit tubercule size among 44 different cucumber lines. Transgenic complementation and RNAi-mediated gene silencing of CsTS1 in transgenic cucumber plants demonstrated that CsTS1 positively regulates the development of tubercules. CsTS1 is highly expressed in the peel at fruit tubercule forming and enlargement stage. Auxin content and expression of three auxin signalling pathway genes were altered in the 35S:CsTS1 and CsTS1-RNAi fruit tubercules, a result that was supported by comparing the cell size of the control and transgenic fruit tubercules. CsTu, a C2 H2 zinc finger domain transcription factor that regulates tubercule initiation, binds directly to the CsTS1 promoter and promotes its expression. Taken together, our results reveal a novel mechanism in which the CsTu-TS1 complex promotes fruit tubercule formation in cucumber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable CropsCollege of HorticultureChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Changlong Wen
- Beijing Vegetable Research Center (BVRC)Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry SciencesNational Engineering Research Center for VegetablesBeijingChina
| | - Bin Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable CropsCollege of HorticultureChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yanling Cai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable CropsCollege of HorticultureChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Shudan Xue
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable CropsCollege of HorticultureChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Ezra S. Bartholomew
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable CropsCollege of HorticultureChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Mingming Dong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable CropsCollege of HorticultureChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Chen Jian
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable CropsCollege of HorticultureChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Shuo Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable CropsCollege of HorticultureChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Ting Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable CropsCollege of HorticultureChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Wenzhu Qi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable CropsCollege of HorticultureChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | | | - Dehua Ma
- Tianjin Derit Seeds Co. LtdTianjinChina
| | - Xingwang Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable CropsCollege of HorticultureChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Huazhong Ren
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable CropsCollege of HorticultureChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
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60
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Wu J, Wu W, Liang J, Jin Y, Gazzarrini S, He J, Yi M. GhTCP19 Transcription Factor Regulates Corm Dormancy Release by Repressing GhNCED Expression in Gladiolus. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 60:52-62. [PMID: 30192973 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcy186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Dormancy is one of the least understood phenomena in plant biology; however, bud/corm dormancy is an important economic trait in agricultural/horticultural breeding. In this study, we isolated an ABA biosynthesis gene, GhNCED, from the transcriptome database of corm dormancy release (CDR), and characterized its negative role in regulating CDR. To understand transcriptional regulation of GhNCED, yeast one-hybrid screening was conducted and GhTCP19 was identified and shown to regulate GhNCED expression directly. An in planta assay showed that GhTCP19 negatively regulates GhNCED expression. GhTCP19 is dramatically induced by exogenous cytokinins (CKs) and is induced during CDR. Silencing of GhTCP19 in dormant cormels delayed CDR, resulting in higher expression of GhNCED and ABA levels. Meanwhile, endogenous CK biosynthesis and signaling were inhibited in GhTCP19-silenced cormels. Taken together, our results reveal that GhTCP19 is a positive regulator of the CDR process by repressing expression of an ABA biosynthesis gene (GhNCED), promoting CK biosynthesis (GhIPT) and signal transduction (GhARR) as well as inducing cyclin genes. This study expands our knowledge on CDR which is mediated by TCP family members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Wenjing Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiahui Liang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yujie Jin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Sonia Gazzarrini
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Junna He
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Mingfang Yi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Khaskheli AJ, Ahmed W, Ma C, Zhang S, Liu Y, Li Y, Zhou X, Gao J. RhERF113 Functions in Ethylene-Induced Petal Senescence by Modulating Cytokinin Content in Rose. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 59:2442-2451. [PMID: 30101287 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcy162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In rose (Rosa hybrida), flower senescence is accelerated by ethylene and delayed by cytokinins (CTKs). However, the effectors that regulate these processes are not currently understood. In this study, we identified an APETALA2/ethylene-responsive factor (AP2/ERF) gene, RhERF113, which was induced by ethylene and up-regulated during flower senescence in most floral organs, including sepal, petal, stamen and pistil. The virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) of RhERF113 expression accelerated rose flower senescence, which was accompanied by a lower CTK content in the flowers. This accelerated senescence could be restored by exogenous CTK treatment. Moreover, the expression levels of genes related to CTK biosynthesis and signaling, including ISOPENTENYL TRANSFERASE 5 (RhIPT5), RhIPT8, HISTIDINE KINASE 2 (RhHK2), RhHK3, CYTOKININ RESPONSE REGULATOR 3 (RhCRR3), RhCRR5, RhCRR8, HOMEOBOX PROTEIN 6 (RhHB6) and PATHOGENESIS-RELATED 10.1 (RhPR10.1), were decreased in the RhERF113-silenced rose flowers. Taken together, our results demonstrate that RhERF113 delays ethylene-induced flower senescence by increasing the CTK content of the floral tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allah Jurio Khaskheli
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan Xilu, Haidian, Beijing, China
| | - Waqas Ahmed
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan Xilu, Haidian, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Ma
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan Xilu, Haidian, Beijing, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan Xilu, Haidian, Beijing, China
| | - Yanyan Liu
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan Xilu, Haidian, Beijing, China
| | - Yuqi Li
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan Xilu, Haidian, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhou
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan Xilu, Haidian, Beijing, China
| | - Junping Gao
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan Xilu, Haidian, Beijing, China
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Liu X, Cao X, Shi S, Zhao N, Li D, Fang P, Chen X, Qi W, Zhang Z. Comparative RNA-Seq analysis reveals a critical role for brassinosteroids in rose (Rosa hybrida) petal defense against Botrytis cinerea infection. BMC Genet 2018; 19:62. [PMID: 30126371 PMCID: PMC6102922 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-018-0668-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background One of the most popular ornamental plants worldwide, roses (Rosa sp.), are very susceptible to Botrytis gray mold disease. The necrotrophic infection of rose petals by B. cinerea causes the collapse and death of these tissues in both the growth and post-harvest stages, resulting in serious economic losses. To understand the molecular basis of rose resistance against B. cinerea, we profiled the petal transcriptome using RNA-Seq technology. Results We identified differentially transcribed genes (DTGs) in petals during B. cinerea infection at 30 h post inoculation (hpi) and/or 48 hpi. Gene ontology term enrichment and pathway analyses revealed that metabolic, secondary metabolite biosynthesis, plant-pathogen interaction, and plant hormone signal transduction pathways were involved. The expression of 370 cell-surface immune receptors was upregulated during infection. In addition, 188 genes encoding transcription factors were upregulated, particularly in the ERF, WRKY, bHLH, MYB, and NAC families, implying their involvement in resistance against B. cinerea. We further identified 325 upregulated DTGs in the hormone signal transduction pathways. Among them, the brassinosteroid (BR)-related genes were the most significantly enriched. To confirm the role of BR in Botrytis resistance, exogenous BR was applied to rose flowers before the inoculation of B. cinerea, which enhanced the defense response in these petals. Conclusions Our global transcriptome profiling provides insights into the complex gene regulatory networks mediating the rose petal response to B. cinerea. We further demonstrated the role of the phytohormone BR in the resistance of petals to necrotrophic fungal pathogens. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12863-018-0668-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xintong Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan Xilu 2, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiaoqian Cao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan Xilu 2, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shaochuan Shi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan Xilu 2, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Na Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan Xilu 2, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Dandan Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan Xilu 2, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Peihong Fang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan Xilu 2, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Weicong Qi
- Institute of Biotechnology, Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhonglingjie 50, Nanjing, 210014, China.
| | - Zhao Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan Xilu 2, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Yan H, Baudino S, Caissard JC, Zhang H, Tang K, Li S, Lu S. Functional characterization of the eugenol synthase gene (RcEGS1) in rose. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2018; 129:21-26. [PMID: 29787935 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The floral volatile compound eugenol is an important constituent in many aromatic plants, being a floral attractant for pollinators as well as having antimicrobial activity. Rose flowers emit eugenol and its derivatives. We recently reported a eugenol synthase gene (RcEGS1) (JQ522949) that was present in petals of R. chinensis cv. Old Blush. RcEGS1 has its highest expression levels in the petals compared to other tissues; it has higher transcript levels at the developmental blooming stage and lower levels at budding and senescence stages. Here, we overexpressed the RcEGS1 protein in Escherichia coli, and showed by Western-blot analysis that its expression was mainly detected in stamens and petals at the flower opening stage. RcEGS1 was principally localized in the upper and lower epidermal layers, which are the major sites of scent emission in roses. Furthermore, we demonstrated that down-regulation of RcEGS1 expression in flowers by virus-induced gene silencing led to a reduction of the relative content of eugenol. We suggested that RcEGS1 was responsible for eugenol biosynthesis in roses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijun Yan
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, PR China; Flower Research Institute of Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650205, PR China
| | - Sylvie Baudino
- Univ Lyon, UJM-Saint-Etienne, CNRS, BVpam FRE 3727, F-42023, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Jean-Claude Caissard
- Univ Lyon, UJM-Saint-Etienne, CNRS, BVpam FRE 3727, F-42023, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Hao Zhang
- Flower Research Institute of Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650205, PR China
| | - Kaixue Tang
- Flower Research Institute of Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650205, PR China
| | - Shubin Li
- Flower Research Institute of Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650205, PR China
| | - Shugang Lu
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, PR China.
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Li W, Nishiyama R, Watanabe Y, Van Ha C, Kojima M, An P, Tian L, Tian C, Sakakibara H, Tran LSP. Effects of overproduced ethylene on the contents of other phytohormones and expression of their key biosynthetic genes. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2018; 128:170-177. [PMID: 29783182 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Ethylene is involved in regulation of various aspects of plant growth and development. Physiological and genetic analyses have indicated the existence of crosstalk between ethylene and other phytohormones, including auxin, cytokinin (CK), abscisic acid (ABA), gibberellin (GA), salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), brassinosteroid (BR) and strigolactone (SL) in regulation of different developmental processes. However, the effects of ethylene on the biosynthesis and contents of these hormones are not fully understood. Here, we investigated how overproduction of ethylene may affect the contents of other plant hormones using the ethylene-overproducing mutant ethylene-overproducer 1 (eto1-1). The contents of various hormones and transcript levels of the associated biosynthetic genes in the 10-day-old Arabidopsis eto1-1 mutant and wild-type (WT) plants were determined and compared. Higher levels of CK and ABA, while lower levels of auxin, SA and GA were observed in eto1-1 plants in comparison with WT, which was supported by the up- or down-regulation of their biosynthetic genes. Although we could not quantify the BR and SL contents in Arabidopsis, we observed that the transcript levels of the potential rate-limiting BR and SL biosynthetic genes were increased in the eto1-1 versus WT plants, suggesting that BR and SL levels might be enhanced by ethylene overproduction. JA level was not affected by overproduction of ethylene, which might be explained by unaltered expression level of the proposed rate-limiting JA biosynthetic gene allene oxide synthase. Taken together, our results suggest that ET affects the levels of auxin, CK, ABA, SA and GA, and potentially BR and SL, by influencing the expression of genes involved in the rate-limiting steps of their biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqiang Li
- Stress Adaptation Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22, Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Rie Nishiyama
- Stress Adaptation Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22, Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Yasuko Watanabe
- Stress Adaptation Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22, Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Chien Van Ha
- Stress Adaptation Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22, Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Mikiko Kojima
- Plant Productivity Systems Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22, Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Ping An
- Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University, 1390 Hamasaka, Tottori 680-0001, Japan
| | - Lei Tian
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 4888, Shengbei Street, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Chunjie Tian
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 4888, Shengbei Street, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Hitoshi Sakakibara
- Plant Productivity Systems Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22, Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Lam-Son Phan Tran
- Stress Adaptation Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22, Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan; Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, 03 Quang Trung, Da Nang, Vietnam.
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Ma N, Ma C, Liu Y, Shahid MO, Wang C, Gao J. Petal senescence: a hormone view. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:719-732. [PMID: 29425359 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Flowers are highly complex organs that have evolved to enhance the reproductive success of angiosperms. As a key component of flowers, petals play a vital role in attracting pollinators and ensuring successful pollination. Having fulfilled this function, petals senesce through a process that involves many physiological and biochemical changes that also occur during leaf senescence. However, petal senescence is distinct, due to the abundance of secondary metabolites in petals and the fact that petal senescence is irreversible. Various phytohormones are involved in regulating petal senescence, and are thought to act both synergistically and antagonistically. In this regard, there appears to be developmental point during which such regulatory signals are sensed and senescence is initiated. Here, we review current understanding of petal senescence, and discuss associated regulatory mechanisms involving hormone interactions and epigenetic regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Ma
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Ma
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Muhammad Owais Shahid
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Chengpeng Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Junping Gao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Wang H, Chang X, Lin J, Chang Y, Chen JC, Reid MS, Jiang CZ. Transcriptome profiling reveals regulatory mechanisms underlying corolla senescence in petunia. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2018; 5:16. [PMID: 29619227 PMCID: PMC5878830 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-018-0018-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The genetic regulatory mechanisms that govern natural corolla senescence in petunia are not well understood. To identify key genes and pathways that regulate the process, we performed a transcriptome analysis in petunia corolla at four developmental stages, including corolla fully opening without anther dehiscence (D0), corolla expansion, 2 days after anthesis (D2), corolla with initial signs of senescence (D4), and wilting corolla (D7). We identified large numbers of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), ranging from 4626 between the transition from D0 and D2, 1116 between D2 and D4, a transition to the onset of flower senescence, and 327 between D4 and D7, a developmental stage representing flower senescence. KEGG analysis showed that the auxin- and ethylene-related hormone biosynthesis and signaling transduction pathways were significantly activated during the flower development and highly upregulated at onset of flower senescence. Ethylene emission was detected at the D2 to D4 transition, followed by a large eruption at the D4 to D7 transition. Furthermore, large numbers of transcription factors (TFs) were activated over the course of senescence. Functional analysis by virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) experiments demonstrated that inhibition of the expression of TFs, such as ethylene-related ERF, auxin-related ARF, bHLH, HB, and MADS-box, significantly extended or shortened flower longevity. Our data suggest that hormonal interaction between auxin and ethylene may play critical regulatory roles in the onset of natural corolla senescence in petunia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Wang
- Institute of Pomology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 210014 Nanjing, China
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - XiaoXiao Chang
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Science, 510640 Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Lin
- Institute of Pomology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 210014 Nanjing, China
| | - Youhong Chang
- Institute of Pomology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 210014 Nanjing, China
| | - Jen-Chih Chen
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, 10617 Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Michael S. Reid
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Cai-Zhong Jiang
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
- United States Department of Agriculture, Crops Pathology and Genetics Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, Davis, CA 95616 USA
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