51
|
Guo X, Xie Z, Zhang Y, Wang S. The FvCYP714C2 gene plays an important role in gibberellin synthesis in the woodland strawberry. Genes Genomics 2020; 43:11-16. [PMID: 33174086 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-020-01011-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fragaria vesca, the woodland strawberry, is a diploid relative of the cultivated strawberry. A GA-deficient mutant was found in ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS)-mutagenized lines of the Fragaria vesca accession 'Yellow Wonder'. OBJECTIVE CYP714C2 was found to be differentially expressed using RNA-seq analysis. It is necessary to identify the function of this gene. METHODS In order to identify the function of this gene, it was cloned and transformed into Arabidopsis thaliana. RESULTS The DNA sequence of CYP714C2 was found to be 1940 bp in length, with an open reading frame (ORF) of 1539 bp that is predicted to encode a protein of 512 amino acids. The hydrophilicity of this protein is low and it is unstable. The highest relative expression of FvCYP714C2 was found in the leaves, followed by the pedicels, and low expression levels were found in the other tissues examined. Constitutive expression of FvCYP714C2 significantly promoted the growth of transgenic A. thaliana plants; transgenic Arabidopsis plants grew faster and grew well than wild type Col-0 plants. GA1+3 contents of the genetically modified Arabidopsis lines were significantly higher than that in the wild type. CONCLUSION We conclude that FvCYP714C2 is a gene that functions in the gibberellin biosynthesis pathway in strawberry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofan Guo
- School of Life Science and Technology, Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan, 432000, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Quality Control of Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables, Xiaogan, 432000, China
| | - Zhibing Xie
- School of Life Science and Technology, Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan, 432000, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Quality Control of Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables, Xiaogan, 432000, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan, 432000, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Quality Control of Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables, Xiaogan, 432000, China
| | - Shouming Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan, 432000, China. .,Hubei Key Laboratory of Quality Control of Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables, Xiaogan, 432000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Deveshwar P, Prusty A, Sharma S, Tyagi AK. Phytohormone-Mediated Molecular Mechanisms Involving Multiple Genes and QTL Govern Grain Number in Rice. Front Genet 2020; 11:586462. [PMID: 33281879 PMCID: PMC7689023 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.586462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing the grain number is the most direct route toward enhancing the grain yield in cereals. In rice, grain number can be amplified through increasing the shoot branching (tillering), panicle branching, panicle length, and seed set percentage. Phytohormones have been conclusively shown to control the above characteristics by regulating molecular factors and their cross-interactions. The dynamic equilibrium of cytokinin levels in both shoot and inflorescence meristems, maintained by the regulation of its biosynthesis, activation, and degradation, determines the tillering and panicle branching, respectively. Auxins and gibberellins are known broadly to repress the axillary meristems, while jasmonic acid is implicated in the determination of reproductive meristem formation. The balance of auxin, gibberellin, and cytokinin determines meristematic activities in the inflorescence. Strigolactones have been shown to repress the shoot branching but seem to regulate panicle branching positively. Ethylene, brassinosteroids, and gibberellins regulate spikelet abortion and grain filling. Further studies on the optimization of endogenous hormonal levels can help in the expansion of the grain yield potential of rice. This review focuses on the molecular machinery, involving several genes and quantitative trait loci (QTL), operational in the plant that governs hormonal control and, in turn, gets governed by the hormones to regulate grain number and yield in rice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Deveshwar
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Plant Genomics and Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Ankita Prusty
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Plant Genomics and Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Shivam Sharma
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Plant Genomics and Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Akhilesh K Tyagi
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Plant Genomics and Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Yang Z, Gao S, Xiao F, Li G, Ding Y, Guo Q, Paul MJ, Liu Z. Leaf to panicle ratio (LPR): a new physiological trait indicative of source and sink relation in japonica rice based on deep learning. PLANT METHODS 2020; 16:117. [PMID: 32863854 PMCID: PMC7449046 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-020-00660-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identification and characterization of new traits with sound physiological foundation is essential for crop breeding and production management. Deep learning has been widely used in image data analysis to explore spatial and temporal information on crop growth and development, thus strengthening the power of identification of physiological traits. Taking the advantage of deep learning, this study aims to develop a novel trait of canopy structure that integrate source and sink in japonica rice. RESULTS We applied a deep learning approach to accurately segment leaf and panicle, and subsequently developed the procedure of GvCrop to calculate the leaf to panicle ratio (LPR) of rice canopy during grain filling stage. Images of training dataset were captured in the field experiments, with large variations in camera shooting angle, the elevation and the azimuth angles of the sun, rice genotype, and plant phenological stages. Accurately labeled by manually annotating the panicle and leaf regions, the resulting dataset were used to train FPN-Mask (Feature Pyramid Network Mask) models, consisting of a backbone network and a task-specific sub-network. The model with the highest accuracy was then selected to check the variations in LPR among 192 rice germplasms and among agronomical practices. Despite the challenging field conditions, FPN-Mask models achieved a high detection accuracy, with Pixel Accuracy being 0.99 for panicles and 0.98 for leaves. The calculated LPR displayed large spatial and temporal variations as well as genotypic differences. In addition, it was responsive to agronomical practices such as nitrogen fertilization and spraying of plant growth regulators. CONCLUSION Deep learning technique can achieve high accuracy in simultaneous detection of panicle and leaf data from complex rice field images. The proposed FPN-Mask model is applicable to detect and quantify crop performance under field conditions. The newly identified trait of LPR should provide a high throughput protocol for breeders to select superior rice cultivars as well as for agronomists to precisely manage field crops that have a good balance of source and sink.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zongfeng Yang
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Shang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093 China
| | - Feng Xiao
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Ganghua Li
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Yangfeng Ding
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Qinghua Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093 China
| | - Matthew J. Paul
- Plant Science, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ UK
| | - Zhenghui Liu
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
Xie Y, Chen L. Epigenetic Regulation of Gibberellin Metabolism and Signaling. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 61:1912-1918. [DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcaa101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The precise regulation of gibberellin (GA) metabolism and signaling is essential for plant development and environmental responses. Epigenetic regulatory mechanisms, such as histone modification, noncoding RNA-mediated regulation, chromatin remodeling and DNA methylation, are emerging as important means of fine-tuning gene expression. Recent studies have significantly improved our understanding of the relationships between epigenetic regulation and GA metabolism and signaling. Here, we summarize the molecular mechanisms by which epigenetic modifications affect GA metabolism and signaling pathways and provide new insight into an unfolding avenue of research related to the epigenetic regulation of GA pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongyao Xie
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Department of Genetics, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Letian Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Department of Genetics, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Jung YJ, Kim JH, Lee HJ, Kim DH, Yu J, Bae S, Cho YG, Kang KK. Generation and Transcriptome Profiling of Slr1-d7 and Slr1-d8 Mutant Lines with a New Semi-Dominant Dwarf Allele of SLR1 Using the CRISPR/Cas9 System in Rice. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155492. [PMID: 32752068 PMCID: PMC7432230 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The rice SLR1 gene encodes the DELLA protein (protein with DELLA amino acid motif), and a loss-of-function mutation is dwarfed by inhibiting plant growth. We generate slr1-d mutants with a semi-dominant dwarf phenotype to target mutations of the DELLA/TVHYNP domain using CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing in rice. Sixteen genetic edited lines out of 31 transgenic plants were generated. Deep sequencing results showed that the mutants had six different mutation types at the target site of the TVHYNP domain of the SLR1 gene. The homo-edited plants selected individuals without DNA (T-DNA) transcribed by segregation in the T1 generation. The slr1-d7 and slr1-d8 plants caused a gibberellin (GA)-insensitive dwarf phenotype with shrunken leaves and shortened internodes. A genome-wide gene expression analysis by RNA-seq indicated that the expression levels of two GA-related genes, GA20OX2 (Gibberellin oxidase) and GA3OX2, were increased in the edited mutant plants, suggesting that GA20OX2 acts as a convert of GA12 signaling. These mutant plants are required by altering GA responses, at least partially by a defect in the phytohormone signaling system process and prevented cell elongation. The new mutants, namely, the slr1-d7 and slr1-d8 lines, are valuable semi-dominant dwarf alleles with potential application value for molecule breeding using the CRISPR/Cas9 system in rice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jin Jung
- Division of Horticultural Biotechnology, Hankyong National University, Anseong 17579, Korea; (Y.J.J.); (J.H.K.); (H.J.L.); (D.H.K.)
- Institute of Genetic Engineering, Hankyong National University, Anseong 17579, Korea
| | - Jong Hee Kim
- Division of Horticultural Biotechnology, Hankyong National University, Anseong 17579, Korea; (Y.J.J.); (J.H.K.); (H.J.L.); (D.H.K.)
| | - Hyo Ju Lee
- Division of Horticultural Biotechnology, Hankyong National University, Anseong 17579, Korea; (Y.J.J.); (J.H.K.); (H.J.L.); (D.H.K.)
| | - Dong Hyun Kim
- Division of Horticultural Biotechnology, Hankyong National University, Anseong 17579, Korea; (Y.J.J.); (J.H.K.); (H.J.L.); (D.H.K.)
| | - Jihyeon Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea; (J.Y.); (S.B.)
| | - Sangsu Bae
- Department of Chemistry, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea; (J.Y.); (S.B.)
| | - Yong-Gu Cho
- Department of Crop Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea;
| | - Kwon Kyoo Kang
- Division of Horticultural Biotechnology, Hankyong National University, Anseong 17579, Korea; (Y.J.J.); (J.H.K.); (H.J.L.); (D.H.K.)
- Institute of Genetic Engineering, Hankyong National University, Anseong 17579, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-31-670-5104
| |
Collapse
|
56
|
Guo S, Zhang X, Bai Q, Zhao W, Fang Y, Zhou S, Zhao B, He L, Chen J. Cloning and Functional Analysis of Dwarf Gene Mini Plant 1 ( MNP1) in Medicago truncatula. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4968. [PMID: 32674471 PMCID: PMC7404263 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21144968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant height is a vital agronomic trait that greatly determines crop yields because of the close relationship between plant height and lodging resistance. Legumes play a unique role in the worldwide agriculture; however, little attention has been given to the molecular basis of their height. Here, we characterized the first dwarf mutant mini plant 1 (mnp1) of the model legume plant Medicago truncatula. Our study found that both cell length and the cell number of internodes were reduced in a mnp1 mutant. Using the forward genetic screening and subsequent whole-genome resequencing approach, we cloned the MNP1 gene and found that it encodes a putative copalyl diphosphate synthase (CPS) implicated in the first step of gibberellin (GA) biosynthesis. MNP1 was highly homologous to Pisum sativum LS. The subcellular localization showed that MNP1 was located in the chloroplast. Further analysis indicated that GA3 could significantly restore the plant height of mnp1-1, and expression of MNP1 in a cps1 mutant of Arabidopsis partially rescued its mini-plant phenotype, indicating the conservation function of MNP1 in GA biosynthesis. Our results provide valuable information for understanding the genetic regulation of plant height in M. truncatula.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiqi Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 88 Xuefu Road, Kunming 650223, China; (S.G.); (X.Z.); (Q.B.); (W.Z.); (Y.F.); (S.Z.); (B.Z.)
- College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaojia Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 88 Xuefu Road, Kunming 650223, China; (S.G.); (X.Z.); (Q.B.); (W.Z.); (Y.F.); (S.Z.); (B.Z.)
- College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Quanzi Bai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 88 Xuefu Road, Kunming 650223, China; (S.G.); (X.Z.); (Q.B.); (W.Z.); (Y.F.); (S.Z.); (B.Z.)
- College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Weiyue Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 88 Xuefu Road, Kunming 650223, China; (S.G.); (X.Z.); (Q.B.); (W.Z.); (Y.F.); (S.Z.); (B.Z.)
- College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuegenwang Fang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 88 Xuefu Road, Kunming 650223, China; (S.G.); (X.Z.); (Q.B.); (W.Z.); (Y.F.); (S.Z.); (B.Z.)
- College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shaoli Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 88 Xuefu Road, Kunming 650223, China; (S.G.); (X.Z.); (Q.B.); (W.Z.); (Y.F.); (S.Z.); (B.Z.)
- College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Baolin Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 88 Xuefu Road, Kunming 650223, China; (S.G.); (X.Z.); (Q.B.); (W.Z.); (Y.F.); (S.Z.); (B.Z.)
| | - Liangliang He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 88 Xuefu Road, Kunming 650223, China; (S.G.); (X.Z.); (Q.B.); (W.Z.); (Y.F.); (S.Z.); (B.Z.)
- College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jianghua Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 88 Xuefu Road, Kunming 650223, China; (S.G.); (X.Z.); (Q.B.); (W.Z.); (Y.F.); (S.Z.); (B.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
Liu X, Zhu X, Wang H, Liu T, Cheng J, Jiang H. Discovery and modification of cytochrome P450 for plant natural products biosynthesis. Synth Syst Biotechnol 2020; 5:187-199. [PMID: 32637672 PMCID: PMC7332504 DOI: 10.1016/j.synbio.2020.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome P450s are widespread in nature and play key roles in the diversification and functional modification of plant natural products. Over the last few years, there has been remarkable progress in plant P450s identification with the rapid development of sequencing technology, "omics" analysis and synthetic biology. However, challenges still persist in respect of crystal structure, heterologous expression and enzyme engineering. Here, we reviewed several research hotspots of P450 enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of plant natural products, including P450 databases, gene mining, heterologous expression and protein engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaonan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaoxi Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hui Wang
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Tian Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China.,Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Jian Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Huifeng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Multiple Metabolic Innovations and Losses Are Associated with Major Transitions in Land Plant Evolution. Curr Biol 2020; 30:1783-1800.e11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.02.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
59
|
OsbHLH073 Negatively Regulates Internode Elongation and Plant Height by Modulating GA Homeostasis in Rice. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9040547. [PMID: 32340222 PMCID: PMC7238965 DOI: 10.3390/plants9040547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Internode elongation is one of the key agronomic traits determining a plant’s height and biomass. However, our understanding of the molecular mechanisms controlling internode elongation is still limited in crop plant species. Here, we report the functional identification of an atypical basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor (OsbHLH073) through gain-of-function studies using overexpression (OsbHLH073-OX) and activation tagging (osbhlh073-D) lines of rice. The expression of OsbHLH073 was significantly increased in the osbhlh073-D line. The phenotype of osbhlh073-D showed semi-dwarfism due to deficient elongation of the first internode and poor panicle exsertion. Transgenic lines overexpressing OsbHLH073 confirmed the phenotype of the osbhlh073-D line. Exogenous gibberellic acid (GA3) treatment recovered the semi-dwarf phenotype of osbhlh073-D plants at the seedling stage. In addition, quantitative expression analysis of genes involving in GA biosynthetic and signaling pathway revealed that the transcripts of rice ent-kaurene oxidases 1 and 2 (OsKO1 and OsKO2) encoding the GA biosynthetic enzyme were significantly downregulated in osbhlh073-D and OsbHLH073-OX lines. Yeast two-hybrid and localization assays showed that the OsbHLH073 protein is a nuclear localized-transcriptional activator. We report that OsbHLH073 participates in regulating plant height, internode elongation, and panicle exsertion by regulating GA biosynthesis associated with the OsKO1 and OsKO2 genes.
Collapse
|
60
|
Hsieh KT, Liu SH, Wang IW, Chen LJ. Phalaenopsis orchid miniaturization by overexpression of OsGA2ox6, a rice GA2-oxidase gene. BOTANICAL STUDIES 2020; 61:10. [PMID: 32253516 PMCID: PMC7136379 DOI: 10.1186/s40529-020-00288-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phalaenopsis orchids are one of the most common potted orchids sold worldwide. Most Phalaenopsis cultivars have long inflorescences that cause shipping problems and increase handling costs. Miniaturization of Phalaenopsis orchids not only reduces overall production costs but also can expand the appeal of the orchids to a different group of consumers who prefer to keep flowers on desks or tabletops. Although some miniature Phalaenopsis plants can be obtained via hybridization or mutation, they are unpredictable and limited in variety. We therefore used the transgenic approach of overexpressing gibberellin 2-oxidase 6 (OsGA2ox6), a rice GA deactivation gene, to investigate its functional effect in miniaturizing Phalaenopsis and to create a stable miniaturization platform to facilitate a supply for the potential demands of the miniature flower market. RESULTS A commercial moth orchid, Phalaenopsis Sogo Yukidian 'SPM313', was transformed with the plasmid vector Ubi:OsGA2ox6 and successfully overexpressed the OsGA2ox6 gene in planta. The transgenic lines displayed darker-green, shorter, and wider leaves, thicker roots and much shorter flower spikes (10 cm vs 33 cm) than the nontransgenic line with a normal flower size and blooming ability and are therefore an ideal miniaturized form of Phalaenopsis orchids. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that the ectopic expression of OsGA2ox6 can miniaturize Phalaenopsis Sogo Yukidian 'SPM313' while preserving its blooming ability, providing an alternative, useful method for miniaturizing Phalaenopsis species. This miniaturization by a transgenic approach can be further expanded by using GA2ox genes from different plant species or different gene variants, thereby expanding the technical platform for miniaturizing Phalaenopsis species to meet the potential demands of the miniature Phalaenopsis flower market.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Ting Hsieh
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227 Taiwan
| | - Su-Hui Liu
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227 Taiwan
| | - I-Wen Wang
- Division of Biotechnology, Taiwan Agriculture Research Institute, Taichung, 41362 Taiwan
| | - Liang-Jwu Chen
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227 Taiwan
- Agricultural Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227 Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
61
|
Lu Y, Feng Z, Meng Y, Bian L, Xie H, Mysore KS, Liang J. SLENDER RICE1 and Oryza sativa INDETERMINATE DOMAIN2 Regulating OsmiR396 Are Involved in Stem Elongation. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 182:2213-2227. [PMID: 31953375 PMCID: PMC7140908 DOI: 10.1104/pp.19.01008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
GAs play key roles in controlling cell proliferation through the GIBBERELLIN INSENSITIVE DWARF1/DELLA-mediated pathway. However, how DELLA proteins affect downstream pathways is not well understood. Therefore, discovering the signaling events downstream of DELLAs is key to better understanding the roles of GAs in plant development. Here, we discovered that miR396 is regulated by SLENDER RICE1 (SLR1) in controlling cell proliferation. The positive response of rice (Oryza sativa) GROWTH-REGULATING FACTORs (OsGRFs) to GAs was found to be caused by a negative response of miR396 to GAs. miR396 acts downstream of SLR1 and upstream of GA-induced cell-cycle genes. Rice INDETERMINATE DOMAIN2 (OsIDD2) directly binds the promoter of OsmiR396a and can interact with SLR1 in vivo and in vitro. Rice lines overexpressing miR396a (miR396OE) or OsIDD2 (OsIDD2OE) displayed dwarfism resulting from higher abundance of miR396 RNA. However, the stem elongation of OsIDD2OE plants could be significantly stimulated by applying exogenous GA3, while that of miR396OE plants could not. Rice with OsIDD2 knocked down by RNA interference showed a slr1-like phenotype, in which the expression of miR396 was inhibited while its targets were enhanced. The protein levels of OsIDD2 were unaffected by GA in wild-type and OsIDD2OE plants, implying that OsIDD2 promotes the expression of miR396 and likely requires the coactivator of SLR1. Taken together, these results provided a close link between SLR1/OsIDD2 and GRFs via a negative regulator, miR396, and thus highlighted a molecular mechanism of GA-mediated cell proliferation in rice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhu Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Plant Functional Genomics, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Zhen Feng
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yunlong Meng
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Liying Bian
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Hong Xie
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | | | - Jiansheng Liang
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| |
Collapse
|
62
|
Wang B, Wei H, Zhang H, Zhang WH. Enhanced accumulation of gibberellins rendered rice seedlings sensitive to ammonium toxicity. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:1514-1526. [PMID: 31667503 PMCID: PMC7031073 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Ammonium (NH4+) phytotoxicity is a worldwide phenomenon, but the primary toxic mechanisms are still controversial. In the present study, we investigated the physiological function of gibberellins (GAs) in the response of rice plants to NH4+ toxicity and polyamine accumulation using GA biosynthesis-related rice mutants. Exposure to NH4+ significantly decreased GA4 production in shoots of wild-type (WT) plants. Both exogenous GA application to the WT and increases in endogenous GA levels in eui1 mutants rendered them more sensitive to NH4+ toxicity. In contrast, growth of sd1 GA-deficient mutants was more tolerant to NH4+ toxicity than that of their WT counterparts. The role of polyamines in GA-mediated NH4+ toxicity was evaluated using WT rice plants and their GA-related mutants. The eui1 mutants with GA overproduction displayed a higher endogenous putrescine (Put) accumulation than WT plants, leading to an enhanced Put/[spermidine (Spd)+spermine (Spm)] ratio in their shoots. In contrast, mutation of the SD1 gene encoding a defective enzyme in GA biosynthesis resulted in a significant increase in Spd and Spm production, and reduction in the Put/(Spd+Spm) ratio when exposed to a high NH4+ medium. Exogenous application of Put exacerbated symptoms associated with NH4+ toxicity in rice shoots, while the symptoms were alleviated by an inhibitor of Put biosynthesis. These findings highlight the involvement of GAs in NH4+ toxicity, and that GA-induced Put accumulation is responsible for the increased sensitivity to NH4+ toxicity in rice plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baolan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing , PR China
| | - Haifang Wei
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Wen-Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing , PR China
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
Molecular Evidences for the Interactions of Auxin, Gibberellin, and Cytokinin in Bent Peduncle Phenomenon in Rose ( Rosa sp.). Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041360. [PMID: 32085472 PMCID: PMC7072929 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
In roses (Rosa sp.), peduncle morphology is an important ornamental feature. The common physiological abnormality known as the bent peduncle phenomenon (BPP) seriously decreases the quality of rose flowers and thus the commercial value. Because the molecular mechanisms underlying this condition are poorly understood, we analysed the transcriptional profiles and cellular structures of bent rose peduncles. Numerous differentially expressed genes involved in the auxin, cytokinin, and gibberellin signaling pathways were shown to be associated with bent peduncle. Paraffin sections showed that the cell number on the upper sides of bent peduncles was increased, while the cells on the lower sides were larger than those in normal peduncles. We also investigated the large, deformed sepals that usually accompany BPP and found increased expression level of some auxin-responsive genes and decreased expression level of genes that are involved in cytokinin and gibberellin synthesis in these sepals. Furthermore, removal of the deformed sepals partially relieved BPP. In summary, our findings suggest that auxin, cytokinin, and gibberellin all influence the development of BPP by regulating cell division and expansion. To effectively reduce BPP in roses, more efforts need to be devoted to the molecular regulation of gibberellins and cytokinins in addition to that of auxin.
Collapse
|
64
|
Miao C, Wang D, He R, Liu S, Zhu J. Mutations in MIR396e and MIR396f increase grain size and modulate shoot architecture in rice. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2020; 18:491-501. [PMID: 31336020 PMCID: PMC6953237 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Grain size and plant architecture are critical factors determining crop productivity. Here, we performed gene editing of the MIR396 gene family in rice and found that MIR396e and MIR396f are two important regulators of grain size and plant architecture. mir396ef mutations can increase grain yield by increasing grain size. In addition, mir396ef mutations resulted in an altered plant architecture, with lengthened leaves but shortened internodes, especially the uppermost internode. Our research suggests that mir396ef mutations promote leaf elongation by increasing the level of a gibberellin (GA) precursor, mevalonic acid, which subsequently promotes GA biosynthesis. However, internode elongation in mir396ef mutants appears to be suppressed via reduced CYP96B4 expression but not via the GA pathway. This research provides candidate gene-editing targets to breed elite rice varieties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunbo Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical SilvicultureZhejiang A&F UniversityLin'anHangzhouChina
| | - Dong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Gene Engineering in Jiangxi ProvinceCollege of Life ScienceNanchang UniversityJiangxiChina
| | - Reqing He
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Gene Engineering in Jiangxi ProvinceCollege of Life ScienceNanchang UniversityJiangxiChina
| | - Shenkui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical SilvicultureZhejiang A&F UniversityLin'anHangzhouChina
| | - Jian‐Kang Zhu
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape ArchitecturePurdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA
| |
Collapse
|
65
|
Wang J, Qin H, Zhou S, Wei P, Zhang H, Zhou Y, Miao Y, Huang R. The Ubiquitin-Binding Protein OsDSK2a Mediates Seedling Growth and Salt Responses by Regulating Gibberellin Metabolism in Rice. THE PLANT CELL 2020; 32:414-428. [PMID: 31826965 PMCID: PMC7008482 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.19.00593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
UBL-UBA (ubiquitin-like-ubiquitin-associated) proteins are ubiquitin receptors and transporters in the ubiquitin-proteasome system that play key roles in plant growth and development. High salinity restricts plant growth by disrupting cellular metabolism, but whether UBL-UBA proteins are involved in this process is unclear. Here, we demonstrate that the UBL-UBA protein OsDSK2a (DOMINANT SUPPRESSOR of KAR2) mediates seedling growth and salt responses in rice (Oryza sativa). Through analysis of osdsk2a, a mutant with retarded seedling growth, as well as in vitro and in vivo assays, we demonstrate that OsDSK2a combines with polyubiquitin chains and interacts with the gibberellin (GA)-deactivating enzyme ELONGATED UPPERMOST INTERNODE (EUI), resulting in its degradation through the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Bioactive GA levels were reduced, and plant growth was retarded in the osdsk2a mutant. By contrast, eui mutants displayed increased seedling growth and bioactive GA levels. OsDSK2a levels decreased in plants under salt stress. Moreover, EUI accumulated under salt stress more rapidly in osdsk2a than in wild-type plants. Thus, OsDSK2a and EUI play opposite roles in regulating plant growth under salt stress by affecting GA metabolism. Under salt stress, OsDSK2a levels decrease, thereby increasing EUI accumulation, which promotes GA metabolism and reduces plant growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Hua Qin
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Shirong Zhou
- National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Pengcheng Wei
- Rice Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Haiwen Zhang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yun Zhou
- Institute of Plant Stress Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Crop Stress Biology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Yuchen Miao
- Institute of Plant Stress Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Crop Stress Biology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Rongfeng Huang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Beijing 100081, China
| |
Collapse
|
66
|
He J, Xin P, Ma X, Chu J, Wang G. Gibberellin Metabolism in Flowering Plants: An Update and Perspectives. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:532. [PMID: 32508855 PMCID: PMC7248407 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
In plants, gibberellins (GAs) play important roles in regulating growth and development. Early studies revealed the large chemodiversity of gibberellins in plants, but only GA1, GA3, GA4, and GA7 show biological activity that controls plant development. However, the elucidation of the GA metabolic network at the molecular level has lagged far behind the chemical discovery of GAs. Recent advances in downstream GA biosynthesis (after GA12 formation) suggest that species-specific gibberellin modifications were acquired during flowering plant evolution. Here, we summarize the current knowledge of GA metabolism in flowering plants and the physiological functions of GA deactivation, with a focus on GA 13 hydroxylation. The potential applications of GA synthetic biology for plant development are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan He
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Peiyong Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xueting Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinfang Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guodong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Guodong Wang,
| |
Collapse
|
67
|
Ferrero-Serrano Á, Cantos C, Assmann SM. The Role of Dwarfing Traits in Historical and Modern Agriculture with a Focus on Rice. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2019; 11:a034645. [PMID: 31358515 PMCID: PMC6824242 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a034645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Semidwarf stature is a valuable agronomic trait in grain crops that reduces lodging and increases harvest index. A fundamental advance during the 1960s Green Revolution was the introduction of semidwarf cultivars of rice and wheat. Essentially, all semidwarf varieties of rice under cultivation today owe their diminished stature to a specific null mutation in the gibberellic acid (GA) biosynthesis gene, SD1 However, it is now well-established that, in addition to GAs, brassinosteroids and strigolactones also control plant height. In this review, we describe the synthesis and signaling pathways of these three hormones as understood in rice and discuss the mutants and transgenics in these pathways that confer semidwarfism and other valuable architectural traits. We propose that such genes offer underexploited opportunities for broadening the genetic basis and germplasm in semidwarf rice breeding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Christian Cantos
- Biology Department, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Sarah M Assmann
- Biology Department, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| |
Collapse
|
68
|
Zhang S, Gottschalk C, van Nocker S. Genetic mechanisms in the repression of flowering by gibberellins in apple (Malus x domestica Borkh.). BMC Genomics 2019; 20:747. [PMID: 31619173 PMCID: PMC6796362 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-6090-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gibberellins (GAs) can have profound effects on growth and development in higher plants. In contrast to their flowering-promotive role in many well-studied plants, GAs can repress flowering in woody perennial plants such as apple (Malus x domestica Borkh.). Although this effect of GA on flowering is intriguing and has commercial importance, the genetic mechanisms linking GA perception with flowering have not been well described. RESULTS Application of a mixture of bioactive GAs repressed flower formation without significant effect on node number or shoot elongation. Using Illumina-based transcriptional sequence data and a newly available, high-quality apple genome sequence, we generated transcript models for genes expressed in the shoot apex, and estimated their transcriptional response to GA. GA treatment resulted in downregulation of a diversity of genes participating in GA biosynthesis, and strong upregulation of the GA catabolic GA2 OXIDASE genes, consistent with GA feedback and feedforward regulation, respectively. We also observed strong downregulation of numerous genes encoding potential GA transporters and receptors. Additional GA-responsive genes included potential components of cytokinin (CK), abscisic acid (ABA), brassinosteroid, and auxin signaling pathways. Finally, we observed rapid and strong upregulation of both of two copies of a gene previously observed to inhibit flowering in apple, MdTFL1 (TERMINAL FLOWER 1). CONCLUSION The rapid and robust upregulation of genes associated with GA catabolism in response to exogenous GA, combined with the decreased expression of GA biosynthetic genes, highlights GA feedforward and feedback regulation in the apple shoot apex. The finding that genes with potential roles in GA metabolism, transport and signaling are responsive to GA suggests GA homeostasis may be mediated at multiple levels in these tissues. The observation that TFL1-like genes are induced quickly in response to GA suggests they may be directly targeted by GA-responsive transcription factors, and offers a potential explanation for the flowering-inhibitory effects of GA in apple. These results provide a context for investigating factors that may transduce the GA signal in apple, and contribute to a preliminary genetic framework for the repression of flowering by GAs in a woody perennial plant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Songwen Zhang
- Department of Horticulture and Graduate Program in Plant Breeding, Genetics, and Biotechnology, Michigan State University, 390 Plant and Soil Science Building, 1066 Bogue St., East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Christopher Gottschalk
- Department of Horticulture and Graduate Program in Plant Breeding, Genetics, and Biotechnology, Michigan State University, 390 Plant and Soil Science Building, 1066 Bogue St., East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Steve van Nocker
- Department of Horticulture and Graduate Program in Plant Breeding, Genetics, and Biotechnology, Michigan State University, 390 Plant and Soil Science Building, 1066 Bogue St., East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
69
|
Peng Y, Zhang Y, Gui Y, An D, Liu J, Xu X, Li Q, Wang J, Wang W, Shi C, Fan L, Lu B, Deng Y, Teng S, He Z. Elimination of a Retrotransposon for Quenching Genome Instability in Modern Rice. MOLECULAR PLANT 2019; 12:1395-1407. [PMID: 31228579 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2019.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Transposable elements (TEs) constitute the most abundant portions of plant genomes and can dramatically shape host genomes during plant evolution. They also play important roles in crop domestication. However, whether TEs themselves are also selected during crop domestication has remained unknown. Here, we identify an active long terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposon, HUO, as a potential target of selection during rice domestication and breeding. HUO is a low-copy-number LTR retrotransposon, and is active under natural growth conditions and transmitted through male gametogenesis, preferentially inserting into genomic regions capable of transcription. HUO exists in all wild rice accessions and about half of the archaeological rice grains (1200-7000 years ago) and landraces surveyed, but is absent in almost all modern varieties, indicating its gradual elimination during rice domestication and breeding. Further analyses showed that HUO is subjected to strict gene silencing through the RNA-directed DNA methylation pathway. Our results also suggest that multiple HUO copies may trigger genomic instability through altering genome-wide DNA methylation and small RNA biogenesis and changing global gene expression, resulting in decreased disease resistance and yield, coinciding with its elimination during rice breeding. Together, our study suggests that negative selection of an active retrotransposon might be important for genome stability during crop domestication and breeding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Peng
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology & Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yingying Zhang
- The Protected Horticulture Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Yijie Gui
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Dong An
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology & Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Junzhong Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology & Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xun Xu
- Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Qun Li
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology & Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Junmin Wang
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Wen Wang
- Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Chunhai Shi
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Longjiang Fan
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Baorong Lu
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yiwen Deng
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology & Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Sheng Teng
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology & Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Zuhua He
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology & Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China.
| |
Collapse
|
70
|
He J, Chen Q, Xin P, Yuan J, Ma Y, Wang X, Xu M, Chu J, Peters RJ, Wang G. CYP72A enzymes catalyse 13-hydrolyzation of gibberellins. NATURE PLANTS 2019; 5:1057-1065. [PMID: 31527846 PMCID: PMC7194175 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-019-0511-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Bioactive gibberellins (GAs or diterpenes) are essential hormones in land plants that control many aspects of plant growth and development. In flowering plants, 13-OH GAs (having low bioactivity-for example, GA1) and 13-H GAs (having high bioactivity-for example, GA4) frequently coexist in the same plant. However, the identity of the native Arabidopsis thaliana 13-hydroxylase GA and its physiological functions remain unknown. Here, we report that cytochrome P450 genes (CYP72A9 and its homologues) encode active GA 13-hydroxylases in Brassicaceae. Plants overexpressing CYP72A9 exhibited semi-dwarfism, which was caused by significant reduction in GA4 levels. Biochemical assays revealed that recombinant CYP72A9 protein catalysed the conversion of 13-H GAs to the corresponding 13-OH GAs. CYP72A9 was expressed predominantly in developing seeds in Arabidopsis. Freshly harvested seeds of cyp72a9 mutants germinated more quickly than the wild type, whereas stratification-treated seeds and seeds from long-term storage did not. The evolutionary origin of GA 13-oxidases from the CYP72A subfamily was also investigated and discussed here.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan He
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qingwen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Peiyong Xin
- National Centre for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yihua Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuemei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Meimei Xu
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Jinfang Chu
- National Centre for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Reuben J Peters
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Guodong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- National Centre for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
71
|
Zhan C, Hu J, Pang Q, Yang B, Cheng Y, Xu E, Zhu P, Li Y, Zhang H, Cheng J. Genome-wide association analysis of panicle exsertion and uppermost internode in rice (Oryza sativa L.). RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2019; 12:72. [PMID: 31535313 PMCID: PMC6751241 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-019-0330-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rice (Oryza sativa L.) yield is seriously influenced by panicle exsertion (PE) and the uppermost internode (UI) through panicle enclosure or energy transport during grain-filling stages. We evaluated the traits of PE and UI of 205 rice accessions in two independent environments and performed genome-wide association (GWAS) to explore the key genes controlling PE and UI, which could be used to improve panicle enclosure in rice breeding. RESULTS In this study, extensive genetic variation was found in both PE and UI among the 205 rice accessions, and 10.7% of accessions had panicle enclosure (PE/UI ≤ 0). Correlation analysis revealed that PE was significantly positively correlated with 1000-grain weight (1000-GW) but negatively correlated with heading date (HD), and UI was significantly positively correlated with HD but no significantly correlated with 1000-GW. A total of 22 and 24 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were identified for PE and UI using GWAS, respectively. Eight loci for PE and nine loci for UI were simultaneously detected both in 2015 and in 2016, seven loci had adjacent physical positions between PE and UI, and ten loci for PE and seven loci for UI were located in previously reported QTLs. Further, we identified the CYP734A4 gene, encoding a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase, and the OsLIS-L1 gene, encoding a lissencephaly type-1-like protein, as causal genes for qPE14 and qUI14, and for qPE19, respectively. PE and UI were both significantly shorter in these two genes' mutants than in WT. Allelic Hap.1/2/4 of CYP734A4 and Hap.1/2/4 of OsLIS-L1 increased PE, UI, PE/UI, and 1000-GW, but Hap.3 of CYP734A4 and Hap.3 of OsLIS-L1 reduced them. In addition, six candidate genes were also detected for four key novel loci, qPE16, qPE21, qUI1, and qUI18, that seemed to be related to PE and UI. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide new information on the genetic architecture of PE and UI in rice, confirming that the CYP734A4 and OsLIS-L1 genes participate in PE and UI regulation, which could improve our understanding of the regulatory mechanism of PE and UI for rice breeding in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chengfang Zhan
- Laboratory of Seed Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiaxiao Hu
- Laboratory of Seed Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiao Pang
- Laboratory of Seed Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bin Yang
- Laboratory of Seed Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanhao Cheng
- Laboratory of Seed Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Enshun Xu
- Laboratory of Seed Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Peiwen Zhu
- Laboratory of Seed Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yingyi Li
- Laboratory of Seed Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongsheng Zhang
- Laboratory of Seed Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Jinping Cheng
- Laboratory of Seed Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
72
|
The grain yield modulator miR156 regulates seed dormancy through the gibberellin pathway in rice. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3822. [PMID: 31444356 PMCID: PMC6707268 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11830-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The widespread agricultural problem of pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) could potentially be overcome by improving seed dormancy. Here, we report that miR156, an important grain yield regulator, also controls seed dormancy in rice. We found that mutations in one MIR156 subfamily enhance seed dormancy and suppress PHS with negligible effects on shoot architecture and grain size, whereas mutations in another MIR156 subfamily modify shoot architecture and increase grain size but have minimal effects on seed dormancy. Mechanistically, mir156 mutations enhance seed dormancy by suppressing the gibberellin (GA) pathway through de-represssion of the miR156 target gene Ideal Plant Architecture 1 (IPA1), which directly regulates multiple genes in the GA pathway. These results provide an effective method to suppress PHS without compromising productivity, and will facilitate breeding elite crop varieties with ideal plant architectures. Pre-harvest sprouting reduces the yield of agriculturally important crops such as rice. Here, the authors show that mutating specific members of the MIR156 gene family can suppress pre-harvest sprouting in rice without negative effects on plant architecture, suggesting a practical route to elite crop varieties.
Collapse
|
73
|
Chu Y, Xu N, Wu Q, Yu B, Li X, Chen R, Huang J. Rice transcription factor OsMADS57 regulates plant height by modulating gibberellin catabolism. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2019; 12:38. [PMID: 31139953 PMCID: PMC6538746 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-019-0298-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The MADS-box transcription factors mainly function in floral organ organogenesis and identity specification. Few research on their roles in vegetative growth has been reported. RESULTS Here we investigated the functions of OsMADS57 in plant vegetative growth in rice (Oryza sativa). Knockdown of OsMADS57 reduced the plant height, internode elongation and panicle exsertion in rice plants. Further study showed that the cell length was remarkably reduced in the uppermost internode in OsMADS57 knockdown plants at maturity. Moreover, OsMADS57 knockdown plants were more sensitive to gibberellic acid (GA3), and contained less bioactive GA3 than wild-type plants, which implied that OsMADS57 is involved in gibberellin (GA) pathway. Expectedly, the transcript levels of OsGA2ox3, encoding GAs deactivated enzyme, were significantly enhanced in OsMADS57 knockdown plants. The level of EUI1 transcripts involved in GA deactivation was also increased in OsMADS57 knockdown plants. More importantly, dual-luciferase reporter assay and electrophoretic mobility shift assay showed that OsMADS57 directly regulates the transcription of OsGA2ox3 as well as EUI1 through binding to the CArG-box motifs in their promoter regions. In addition, OsMADS57 also modulated the expression of multiple genes involved in GA metabolism or GA signaling pathway, indicating the key and complex regulatory role of OsMADS57 in GA pathway in rice. CONCLUSIONS These results indicated that OsMADS57 acts as an important transcriptional regulator that regulates stem elongation and panicle exsertion in rice via GA-mediated regulatory pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Chu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Xu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Yu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingxing Li
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongrong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Junli Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
74
|
Bathe U, Tissier A. Cytochrome P450 enzymes: A driving force of plant diterpene diversity. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2019; 161:149-162. [PMID: 30733060 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
In plant terpene biosynthesis, oxidation of the hydrocarbon backbone produced by terpene synthases is typically carried out by cytochrome P450 oxygenases (CYPs). The modifications introduced by CYPs include hydroxylations, sequential oxidations at one position and ring rearrangements and closures. These reactions significantly expand the structural diversity of terpenoids, but also provide anchoring points for further decorations by various transferases. In recent years, there has been a significant increase in reports of CYPs involved in plant terpene pathways. Plant diterpenes represent an important class of metabolites that includes hormones and a number of industrially relevant compounds such as pharmaceutical, aroma or food ingredients. In this review, we provide a comprehensive survey on CYPs reported to be involved in plant diterpene biosynthesis to date. A phylogenetic analysis showed that only few CYP clans are represented in diterpene biosynthesis, namely CYP71, CYP85 and CYP72. Remarkably few CYP families and subfamilies within those clans are involved, indicating specific expansion of these clades in plant diterpene biosynthesis. Nonetheless, the evolutionary trajectory of CYPs of specialized diterpene biosynthesis is diverse. Some are recently derived from gibberellin biosynthesis, while others have a more ancient history with recent expansions in specific plant families. Among diterpenoids, labdane-related diterpenoids represent a dominant class. The availability of CYPs from diverse plant species able to catalyze oxidations in specific regions of the labdane-related backbones provides opportunities for combinatorial biosynthesis to produce novel diterpene compounds that can be screened for biological activities of interest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ulschan Bathe
- Department of Cell and Metabolic Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Alain Tissier
- Department of Cell and Metabolic Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
75
|
Liu H, Guo S, Lu M, Zhang Y, Li J, Wang W, Wang P, Zhang J, Hu Z, Li L, Si L, Zhang J, Qi Q, Jiang X, Botella JR, Wang H, Song CP. Biosynthesis of DHGA 12 and its roles in Arabidopsis seedling establishment. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1768. [PMID: 30992454 PMCID: PMC6467921 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09467-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Seed germination and photoautotrophic establishment are controlled by the antagonistic activity of the phytohormones gibberellins (GAs) and abscisic acid (ABA). Here we show that Arabidopsis thaliana GAS2 (Gain of Function in ABA-modulated Seed Germination 2), a protein belonging to the Fe-dependent 2-oxoglutarate dioxygenase superfamily, catalyzes the stereospecific hydration of GA12 to produce GA12 16, 17-dihydro-16α-ol (DHGA12). We show that DHGA12, a C20-GA has an atypical structure compared to known active GAs but can bind to the GA receptor (GID1c). DHGA12 can promote seed germination, hypocotyl elongation and cotyledon greening. Silencing and over-expression of GAS2 alters the ABA/GA ratio and sensitivity to ABA during seed germination and photoautotrophic establishment. Hence, we propose that GAS2 acts to modulate hormonal balance during early seedling development. Gibberellins are a major class of phytohormones that regulate plant growth and development. Here the authors show that the Arabidopsis GAS2 protein catalyses production of DHGA12, an atypical bioactive GA, and show that GAS2 regulates ABA sensitivity during seed germination and early development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 475004, Kaifeng, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 475004, Kaifeng, China
| | - Siyi Guo
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 475004, Kaifeng, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 475004, Kaifeng, China
| | - Minghua Lu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, 475004, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 475004, Kaifeng, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 475004, Kaifeng, China
| | - Junhua Li
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, 453007, Xinxiang, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 475004, Kaifeng, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 475004, Kaifeng, China
| | - Pengtao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 475004, Kaifeng, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 475004, Kaifeng, China
| | - Junli Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 475004, Kaifeng, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 475004, Kaifeng, China
| | - Zhubing Hu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 475004, Kaifeng, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 475004, Kaifeng, China
| | - Liangliang Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 475004, Kaifeng, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 475004, Kaifeng, China
| | - Lingyu Si
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 475004, Kaifeng, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 475004, Kaifeng, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 475004, Kaifeng, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 475004, Kaifeng, China
| | - Qi Qi
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, 100083, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangning Jiang
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, 100083, Beijing, China
| | - José Ramón Botella
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 475004, Kaifeng, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 475004, Kaifeng, China.,Plant Genetic Engineering Laboratory, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Hua Wang
- Engineering Research Center for Nanomaterials, Henan University, 475004, Kaifeng, China
| | - Chun-Peng Song
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 475004, Kaifeng, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 475004, Kaifeng, China.
| |
Collapse
|
76
|
Liu M, Shi Z, Zhang X, Wang M, Zhang L, Zheng K, Liu J, Hu X, Di C, Qian Q, He Z, Yang DL. Inducible overexpression of Ideal Plant Architecture1 improves both yield and disease resistance in rice. NATURE PLANTS 2019; 5:389-400. [PMID: 30886331 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-019-0383-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Breeding crops with resistance is an efficient way to control diseases. However, increased resistance often has a fitness penalty. Thus, simultaneously increasing disease resistance and yield potential is a challenge in crop breeding. In this study, we found that downregulation of microRNA-156 (miR-156) and overexpression of Ideal Plant Architecture1 (IPA1) and OsSPL7, two target genes of miR-156, enhanced disease resistance against bacterial blight caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), but reduced rice yield. We discovered that gibberellin signalling might be partially responsible for the disease resistance and developmental defects in IPA1 overexpressors. We then generated transgenic rice plants expressing IPA1 with the pathogen-inducible promoter of OsHEN1; these plants had both enhanced disease resistance and enhanced yield-related traits. Thus, we have identified miR-156-IPA1 as a novel regulator of the crosstalk between growth and defence, and we have established a new strategy for obtaining both high disease resistance and high yield.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhenying Shi
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mingxuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Kezhi Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiyun Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingming Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cuiru Di
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qian Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zuhua He
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Dong-Lei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
77
|
McKim SM. How plants grow up. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 61:257-277. [PMID: 30697935 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A plant's lateral structures, such as leaves, branches and flowers, literally hinge on the shoot axis, making its integrity and growth fundamental to plant form. In all plants, subapical proliferation within the shoot tip displaces cells downward to extrude the cylindrical stem. Following the transition to flowering, many plants show extensive axial elongation associated with increased subapical proliferation and expansion. However, the cereal grasses also elongate their stems, called culms, due to activity within detached intercalary meristems which displaces cells upward, elevating the grain-bearing inflorescence. Variation in culm length within species is especially relevant to cereal crops, as demonstrated by the high-yielding semi-dwarfed cereals of the Green Revolution. Although previously understudied, recent renewed interest the regulation of subapical and intercalary growth suggests that control of cell division planes, boundary formation and temporal dynamics of differentiation, are likely critical mechanisms coordinating axial growth and development in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M McKim
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Dundee at The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK
| |
Collapse
|
78
|
Rizza A, Jones AM. The makings of a gradient: spatiotemporal distribution of gibberellins in plant development. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 47:9-15. [PMID: 30173065 PMCID: PMC6414749 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The gibberellin phytohormones regulate growth and development throughout the plant lifecycle. Upstream regulation and downstream responses to gibberellins vary across cells and tissues, developmental stages, environmental conditions, and plant species. The spatiotemporal distribution of gibberellins is the result of an ensemble of biosynthetic, catabolic and transport activities, each of which can be targeted to influence gibberellin levels in space and time. Understanding gibberellin distributions has recently benefited from discovery of transport proteins capable of importing gibberellins as well as novel methods for detecting gibberellins with high spatiotemporal resolution. For example, a genetically-encoded fluorescent biosensor for gibberellins was deployed in Arabidopsis and revealed gibberellin gradients in rapidly elongating tissues. Although cellular accumulations of gibberellins are hypothesized to regulate cell growth in developing embryos, germinating seeds, elongating stems and roots, and developing floral organs, understanding the quantitative relationship between cellular gibberellin levels and cellular growth awaits further investigation. It is also unclear how spatiotemporal gibberellin distributions result from myriad endogenous and environmental factors directing an ensemble of known gibberellin enzymatic and transport steps.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Rizza
- Sainsbury Laboratory, Cambridge University, Cambridge, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
79
|
Liu J, Sherif SM. Hormonal Orchestration of Bud Dormancy Cycle in Deciduous Woody Perennials. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1136. [PMID: 31620159 PMCID: PMC6759871 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Woody perennials enter seasonal dormancy to avoid unfavorable environmental conditions. Plant hormones are the critical mediators regulating this complex process, which is subject to the influence of many internal and external factors. Over the last two decades, our knowledge of hormone-mediated dormancy has increased considerably, primarily due to advancements in molecular biology, omics, and bioinformatics. These advancements have enabled the elucidation of several aspects of hormonal regulation associated with bud dormancy in various deciduous tree species. Plant hormones interact with each other extensively in a context-dependent manner. The dormancy-associated MADS (DAM) transcription factors appear to enable hormones and other internal signals associated with the transition between different phases of bud dormancy. These proteins likely hold a great potential in deciphering the underlying mechanisms of dormancy initiation, maintenance, and release. In this review, a recent understanding of the roles of plant hormones, their cross talks, and their potential interactions with DAM proteins during dormancy is discussed.
Collapse
|
80
|
Li P, Chang T, Chang S, Ouyang X, Qu M, Song Q, Xiao L, Xia S, Deng Q, Zhu XG. Systems model-guided rice yield improvements based on genes controlling source, sink, and flow. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 60:1154-1180. [PMID: 30415497 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A large number of genes related to source, sink, and flow have been identified after decades of research in plant genetics. Unfortunately, these genes have not been effectively utilized in modern crop breeding. This perspective paper aims to examine the reasons behind such a phenomenon and propose a strategy to resolve this situation. Specifically, we first systematically survey the currently cloned genes related to source, sink, and flow; then we discuss three factors hindering effective application of these identified genes, which include the lack of effective methods to identify limiting or critical steps in a signaling network, the misplacement of emphasis on properties, at the leaf, instead of the whole canopy level, and the non-linear complex interaction between source, sink, and flow. Finally, we propose the development of systems models of source, sink and flow, together with a detailed simulation of interactions between them and their surrounding environments, to guide effective use of the identified elements in modern rice breeding. These systems models will contribute directly to the definition of crop ideotype and also identification of critical features and parameters that limit the yield potential in current cultivars.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Key Laboratory of Phytochromes, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha 410125, China
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Tiangen Chang
- National Key Laboratory for Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center of Excellence of Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, CAS, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Shuoqi Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Xiang Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Mingnan Qu
- National Key Laboratory for Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center of Excellence of Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, CAS, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Qingfeng Song
- National Key Laboratory for Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center of Excellence of Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, CAS, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Langtao Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Key Laboratory of Phytochromes, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Shitou Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Key Laboratory of Phytochromes, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Qiyun Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Xin-Guang Zhu
- National Key Laboratory for Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center of Excellence of Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, CAS, Shanghai 200031, China
| |
Collapse
|
81
|
Alamin M, Zeng DD, Sultana MH, Qin R, Jin XL, Shi CH. Rice SDSFL1 plays a critical role in the regulation of plant structure through the control of different phytohormones and altered cell structure. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 231:110-123. [PMID: 30253267 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2018.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Semi-dwarfism is one of the most important agronomic traits for many cereal crops. In the present study, a mutant with semi-dwarf and short flag leaf 1, sdsfl1, was identified and characterized. The sdsfl1 mutant demonstrated some distinguished structural alterations, including shorter plant height and flag leaf length, increased tiller numbers and flag leaf width, and decreased panicle length compared with those of wild type (WT). Genetic analysis suggested that the mutant traits were completely controlled by a single recessive gene. The SDSFL1 gene was mapped to the long arm of chromosome 3 within a region of 44.6 kb between InDel markers A3P8.3 and A3P8.4. The DNA sequence analysis revealed that there was only a T to C substitution in the coding region of LOC_Os03g63970, resulting in the substitution of Tryptophan (Try) to Arginine (Arg) and encoding a GA 20 oxidase 1 protein of 372 amino acid residues. Photosynthesis analysis showed that the photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), and intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) were significantly increased in sdsfl1. Chlorophyll a (Chl a), total Chl, and carotenoid contents were significantly increased in sdsfl1 compared with those in WT. sdsfl1 carried a reduced level of GA3 but reacted to exogenously applied gibberellins (GA). Moreover, the levels of abscisic acid (ABA), indole 3-acetic acid (IAA), and salicylic acid (SA) were notably improved in sdsfl1, whereas there was no noteworthy change in jasmonic acid (JA). The results thus offer a visible foundation for the molecular and physiological analysis of the SDSFL1 gene, which might participate in various functional pathways for controlling plant height and leaf length in rice breeding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md Alamin
- Department of Agronomy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Dong-Dong Zeng
- Department of Agronomy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | | | - Ran Qin
- Department of Agronomy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiao-Li Jin
- Department of Agronomy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Chun-Hai Shi
- Department of Agronomy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| |
Collapse
|
82
|
Hu S, Hu X, Hu J, Shang L, Dong G, Zeng D, Guo L, Qian Q. Xiaowei, a New Rice Germplasm for Large-Scale Indoor Research. MOLECULAR PLANT 2018; 11:1418-1420. [PMID: 30121299 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shikai Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Xingming Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Jiang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Lianguang Shang
- Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Guojun Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Dali Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Longbiao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Qian Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310006, China; Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China.
| |
Collapse
|
83
|
Ye J, Yang YL, Wei XH, Niu XJ, Wang S, Xu Q, Yuan XP, Yu HY, Wang YP, Feng Y, Wang S. PGL3 is required for chlorophyll synthesis and impacts leaf senescence in rice. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2018; 19:263-273. [PMID: 29616502 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1700337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Rice leaf color mutants play a great role in research about the formation and development of chloroplasts and the genetic mechanism of the chlorophyll (Chl) metabolism pathway. pgl3 is a rice leaf color mutant derived from Xiushui11 (Oryza sativa L. spp. japonica), treated with ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS). The mutant exhibited a pale-green leaf (pgl) phenotype throughout the whole development as well as reduced grain quality. Map-based cloning of PGL3 revealed that it encodes the chloroplast signal recognition particle 43 kDa protein (cpSRP43). PGL3 affected the Chl synthesis by regulating the expression levels of the Chl synthesis-associated genes. Considerable reactive oxygen species were accumulated in the leaves of pgl3, and the transcription levels of its scavenging genes were down-regulated, indicating that pgl3 can accelerate senescence. In addition, high temperatures could inhibit the plant's growth and facilitate the process of senescence in pgl3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ye
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.,State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Yao-Long Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Xing-Hua Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Shan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Qun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Han-Yong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Yi-Ping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Yue Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Shu Wang
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| |
Collapse
|
84
|
Wu Z, Tang D, Liu K, Miao C, Zhuo X, Li Y, Tan X, Sun M, Luo Q, Cheng Z. Characterization of a new semi-dominant dwarf allele of SLR1 and its potential application in hybrid rice breeding. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:4703-4713. [PMID: 29955878 PMCID: PMC6137977 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Institute of Rice Research, Agriculture College, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Ding Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Liu
- Institute of Agricultural Science in Jiangsu Coastal Areas, Yancheng, China
| | - Chunbo Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Zhuo
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Yafei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuelin Tan
- Institute of Rice Research, Agriculture College, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Mingfa Sun
- Institute of Agricultural Science in Jiangsu Coastal Areas, Yancheng, China
| | - Qiong Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Zhukuan Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
85
|
Yoneyama K, Mori N, Sato T, Yoda A, Xie X, Okamoto M, Iwanaga M, Ohnishi T, Nishiwaki H, Asami T, Yokota T, Akiyama K, Yoneyama K, Nomura T. Conversion of carlactone to carlactonoic acid is a conserved function of MAX1 homologs in strigolactone biosynthesis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018; 218:1522-1533. [PMID: 29479714 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) are a class of plant hormones which regulate shoot branching and function as host recognition signals for symbionts and parasites in the rhizosphere. However, steps in SL biosynthesis after carlactone (CL) formation remain elusive. This study elucidated the common and diverse functions of MAX1 homologs which catalyze CL oxidation. We have reported previously that ArabidopsisMAX1 converts CL to carlactonoic acid (CLA), whereas a rice MAX1 homolog has been shown to catalyze the conversion of CL to 4-deoxyorobanchol (4DO). To determine which reaction is conserved in the plant kingdom, we investigated the enzymatic function of MAX1 homologs in Arabidopsis, rice, maize, tomato, poplar and Selaginella moellendorffii. The conversion of CL to CLA was found to be a common reaction catalyzed by MAX1 homologs, and MAX1s can be classified into three types: A1-type, converting CL to CLA; A2-type, converting CL to 4DO via CLA; and A3-type, converting CL to CLA and 4DO to orobanchol. CLA was detected in root exudates from poplar and Selaginella, but not ubiquitously in other plants examined in this study, suggesting its role as a species-specific signal in the rhizosphere. This study provides new insights into the roles of MAX1 in endogenous and rhizosphere signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Yoneyama
- Center for Bioscience Research and Education, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, 321-8505, Japan
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, Ehime, 790-8566, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
| | - Narumi Mori
- Department of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8531, Japan
| | - Tomoyasu Sato
- Department of Bioproductive Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, 321-8505, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Yoda
- Department of Bioproductive Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, 321-8505, Japan
| | - Xiaonan Xie
- Center for Bioscience Research and Education, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, 321-8505, Japan
- Department of Bioproductive Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, 321-8505, Japan
| | - Masanori Okamoto
- Center for Bioscience Research and Education, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, 321-8505, Japan
| | - Masashi Iwanaga
- Department of Bioproductive Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, 321-8505, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Ohnishi
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan
- Research Institute of Green Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan
| | - Hisashi Nishiwaki
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, Ehime, 790-8566, Japan
| | - Tadao Asami
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Takao Yokota
- Department of Biosciences, Teikyo University, Utsunomiya, 320-8551, Japan
| | - Kohki Akiyama
- Department of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8531, Japan
| | - Koichi Yoneyama
- Center for Bioscience Research and Education, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, 321-8505, Japan
| | - Takahito Nomura
- Center for Bioscience Research and Education, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, 321-8505, Japan
- Department of Bioproductive Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, 321-8505, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
86
|
Kim OT, Um Y, Jin ML, Kim JU, Hegebarth D, Busta L, Racovita RC, Jetter R. A Novel Multifunctional C-23 Oxidase, CYP714E19, is Involved in Asiaticoside Biosynthesis. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 59:1200-1213. [PMID: 29579306 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcy055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Centella asiatica is widely used as a medicinal plant due to accumulation of the ursane-type triterpene saponins asiaticoside and madecassoside. The molecular structure of both compounds suggests that they are biosynthesized from α-amyrin via three hydroxylations, and the respective Cyt P450-dependent monooxygenases (P450 enzymes) oxidizing the C-28 and C-2α positions have been reported. However, a third enzyme hydroxylating C-23 remained elusive. We previously identified 40,064 unique sequences in the transcriptome of C. asiatica elicited by methyl jasmonate, and among them we have now found 149 unigenes encoding putative P450 enzymes. In this set, 23 full-length cDNAs were recognized, 13 of which belonged to P450 subfamilies previously implicated in secondary metabolism. Four of these genes were highly expressed in response to jasmonate treatment, especially in leaves, in accordance with the accumulation patterns of asiaticoside. The functions of these candidate genes were tested using heterologous expression in yeast cells. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis revealed that yeast expressing only the oxidosqualene synthase CaDDS produced the asiaticoside precursor α-amyrin (along with its isomer β-amyrin), while yeast co-expressing CaDDS and CYP716A83 also contained ursolic acid along with oleanolic acid. This P450 enzyme thus acts as a multifunctional triterpenoid C-28 oxidase converting amyrins into corresponding triterpenoid acids. Finally, yeast strains co-expressing CaDDS, CYP716A83 and CYP714E19 produced hederagenin and 23-hydroxyursolic acid, showing that CYP714E19 is a multifunctional triterpenoid oxidase catalyzing the C-23 hydroxylation of oleanolic acid and ursolic acid. Overall, our results demonstrate that CaDDS, CYP716A83 and CYP714E19 are C. asiatica enzymes catalyzing consecutive steps in asiaticoside biosynthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ok Tae Kim
- Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, RDA, Eumseong 27709, South Korea
| | - Yurry Um
- Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, RDA, Eumseong 27709, South Korea
| | - Mei Lan Jin
- Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, RDA, Eumseong 27709, South Korea
| | - Jang Uk Kim
- Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, RDA, Eumseong 27709, South Korea
| | - Daniela Hegebarth
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Blvd, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Lucas Busta
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Radu C Racovita
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Reinhard Jetter
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Blvd, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver V6T 1Z1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
87
|
Proteomic analysis reveals that auxin homeostasis influences the eighth internode length heterosis in maize (Zea mays). Sci Rep 2018; 8:7159. [PMID: 29739966 PMCID: PMC5940786 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23874-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Ear height is an important maize morphological trait that influences plant lodging resistance in the field, and is based on the number and length of internodes under the ear. To explore the effect of internodes on ear height, the internodes under the ear were analysed in four commercial hybrids (Jinsai6850, Zhengdan958, Xundan20, and Yuyu22) from different heterotic groups in China. The eighth internode, which is the third aboveground extended internode, exhibited high-parent or over high-parent heterosis and contributed considerably to ear height. Thus, the proteome of the eighth internode was examined. Sixty-six protein spots with >1.5-fold differences in accumulation (P < 0.05) among the four hybrids were identified by mass spectrometry and data analyses. Most of the differentially accumulated proteins exhibited additive accumulation patterns, but with epistatic effects on heterosis performance. Proteins involved in phenylpropanoid and benzoxazinoid metabolic pathways were observed to influence indole-3-acetic acid biosynthesis and polar auxin transport during internode development. Moreover, indole-3-acetic acid content was positively correlated with the eighth internode length, but negatively correlated with the extent of the heterosis of the eighth internode length.
Collapse
|
88
|
Xie Y, Zhang Y, Han J, Luo J, Li G, Huang J, Wu H, Tian Q, Zhu Q, Chen Y, Kawano Y, Liu YG, Chen L. The Intronic cis Element SE1 Recruits trans-Acting Repressor Complexes to Repress the Expression of ELONGATED UPPERMOST INTERNODE1 in Rice. MOLECULAR PLANT 2018. [PMID: 29524649 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Plant height has a major effect on grain yield in crops such as rice (Oryza sativa), and the hormone gibberellic acid (GA) regulates many developmental processes that feed into plant height. Rice ELONGATED UPPERMOST INTERNODE1 (Eui1) encodes a GA-deactivating enzyme governing elongation of the uppermost internode. The expression of Eui1 is finely tuned, thereby maintaining homeostasis of endogenous bioactive GA and producing plants of normal plant height. Here, we identified a dominant dwarf mutant, dEui1, caused by the deletion of an RY motif-containing cis-silencing element (SE1) in the intron of Eui1. Detailed genetic and molecular analysis of SE1 revealed that this intronic cis element recruits at least one trans-acting repressor complex, containing the B3 repressors OsVAL2 and OsGD1, the SAP18 co-repressor, and the histone deacetylase OsHDA710, to negatively regulate the expression of Eui1. This complex generates closed chromatin at Eui1, suppressing Eui1 expression and modulating GA homeostasis. Loss of SE1 or dysfunction of the complex components impairs histone deacetylation and H3K27me3 methylation of Eui1 chromatin, thereby increasing Eui1 transcription and decreasing bioactive GA, producing dwarfism in rice. Together, our results reveal a novel silencing mechanism in which the intronic cis element SE1 negatively regulates Eui1 expression via repressor complexes that modulate histone deacetylation and/or methylation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongyao Xie
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Biotechnology of Guangdong Provincial Higher Education Institutions, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yaling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Biotechnology of Guangdong Provincial Higher Education Institutions, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jingluan Han
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Biotechnology of Guangdong Provincial Higher Education Institutions, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jikai Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Gousi Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jianle Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Haibin Wu
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Qingwei Tian
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Qinlong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Biotechnology of Guangdong Provincial Higher Education Institutions, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yuanling Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Biotechnology of Guangdong Provincial Higher Education Institutions, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yoji Kawano
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201602, China
| | - Yao-Guang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Biotechnology of Guangdong Provincial Higher Education Institutions, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Letian Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Biotechnology of Guangdong Provincial Higher Education Institutions, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| |
Collapse
|
89
|
Gao S, Chu C. Fine-Tuning of Eui1: Breaking the Bottleneck in Hybrid Rice Seed Production. MOLECULAR PLANT 2018; 11:643-644. [PMID: 29654926 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shaopei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Chengcai Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| |
Collapse
|
90
|
Minami A, Yano K, Gamuyao R, Nagai K, Kuroha T, Ayano M, Nakamori M, Koike M, Kondo Y, Niimi Y, Kuwata K, Suzuki T, Higashiyama T, Takebayashi Y, Kojima M, Sakakibara H, Toyoda A, Fujiyama A, Kurata N, Ashikari M, Reuscher S. Time-Course Transcriptomics Analysis Reveals Key Responses of Submerged Deepwater Rice to Flooding. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 176:3081-3102. [PMID: 29475897 PMCID: PMC5884608 DOI: 10.1104/pp.17.00858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Water submergence is an environmental factor that limits plant growth and survival. Deepwater rice (Oryza sativa) adapts to submergence by rapidly elongating its internodes and thereby maintaining its leaves above the water surface. We performed a comparative RNA sequencing transcriptome analysis of the shoot base region, including basal nodes, internodes, and shoot apices of seedlings at two developmental stages from two varieties with contrasting deepwater growth responses. A transcriptomic comparison between deepwater rice cv C9285 and nondeepwater rice cv Taichung 65 revealed both similar and differential expression patterns between the two genotypes during submergence. The expression of genes related to gibberellin biosynthesis, trehalose biosynthesis, anaerobic fermentation, cell wall modification, and transcription factors that include ethylene-responsive factors was significantly different between the varieties. Interestingly, in both varieties, the jasmonic acid content at the shoot base decreased during submergence, while exogenous jasmonic acid inhibited submergence-induced internode elongation in cv C9285, suggesting that jasmonic acid plays a role in the submergence response of rice. Furthermore, a targeted de novo transcript assembly revealed transcripts that were specific to cv C9285, including submergence-induced biotic stress-related genes. Our multifaceted transcriptome approach using the rice shoot base region illustrates a differential response to submergence between deepwater and nondeepwater rice. Jasmonic acid metabolism appears to participate in the submergence-mediated internode elongation response of deepwater rice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anzu Minami
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Kenji Yano
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Rico Gamuyao
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Keisuke Nagai
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kuroha
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Madoka Ayano
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Masanari Nakamori
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Masaya Koike
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Yuma Kondo
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Yoko Niimi
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Keiko Kuwata
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
| | - Takamasa Suzuki
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
- ERATO Higashiyama Live-Holonics Project, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Higashiyama
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
- ERATO Higashiyama Live-Holonics Project, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules, Nagoya University, Nagoya Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Yumiko Takebayashi
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Mikiko Kojima
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Sakakibara
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Atsushi Toyoda
- Center for Information Biology, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima 411-8540, Japan
| | - Asao Fujiyama
- Center for Information Biology, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima 411-8540, Japan
| | - Nori Kurata
- Genetic Strains Research Center, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima 411-8540, Japan
| | - Motoyuki Ashikari
- Genetic Strains Research Center, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima 411-8540, Japan
| | - Stefan Reuscher
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
91
|
Liu C, Zheng S, Gui J, Fu C, Yu H, Song D, Shen J, Qin P, Liu X, Han B, Yang Y, Li L. Shortened Basal Internodes Encodes a Gibberellin 2-Oxidase and Contributes to Lodging Resistance in Rice. MOLECULAR PLANT 2018; 11:288-299. [PMID: 29253619 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2017.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Breeding semi-dwarf varieties to improve lodging resistance has been proven to be enormously successful in increasing grain yield since the advent of the "green revolution." However, the breeding of the majority of semi-dwarf rice varieties in Asia has been dependent mainly on genetic introduction of the mutant alleles of SD1, which encodes a gibberellin (GA) 20-oxidase, OsGA20ox2, for catalyzing GA biosynthesis. Here, we report a new rice lodging-resistance gene, Shortened Basal Internodes (SBI), which encodes a gibberellin 2-oxidase and specifically controls the elongation of culm basal internodes through deactivating GA activity. SBI is predominantly expressed in culm basal internodes. Genetic analyses indicate that SBI is a semi-dominant gene affecting rice height and lodging resistance. SBI allelic variants display different activities and are associated with the height of rice varieties. Breeding with higher activity of the SBI allele generates new rice varieties with improved lodging resistance and increased yield. The discovery of the SBI provides a desirable gene resource for producing semi-dwarf rice phenotypes and offers an effective strategy for breeding rice varieties with enhanced lodging resistance and high yield.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shuai Zheng
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jinshan Gui
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chenjian Fu
- Yuan Longping Agriculture High-Tech Co., Ltd., Hunan 410001, China
| | - Hasi Yu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Dongliang Song
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Junhui Shen
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Peng Qin
- Yuan Longping Agriculture High-Tech Co., Ltd., Hunan 410001, China
| | | | - Bin Han
- National Center of Plant Gene Research and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Yuanzhu Yang
- Yuan Longping Agriculture High-Tech Co., Ltd., Hunan 410001, China; Hunan Ava Seed Research Institute, Hunan 410119, China; Hunan Engineering Laboratory for Disease and Insect-Resistant Rice Breeding, Hunan 410119, China.
| | - Laigeng Li
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China.
| |
Collapse
|
92
|
Vishal B, Kumar PP. Regulation of Seed Germination and Abiotic Stresses by Gibberellins and Abscisic Acid. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:838. [PMID: 29973944 PMCID: PMC6019495 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Overall growth and development of a plant is regulated by complex interactions among various hormones, which is critical at different developmental stages. Some of the key aspects of plant growth include seed development, germination and plant survival under unfavorable conditions. Two of the key phytohormones regulating the associated physiological processes are gibberellins (GA) and abscisic acid (ABA). GAs participate in numerous developmental processes, including, seed development and seed germination, seedling growth, root proliferation, determination of leaf size and shape, flower induction and development, pollination and fruit expansion. Despite the association with abiotic stresses, ABA is essential for normal plant growth and development. It plays a critical role in different abiotic stresses by regulating various downstream ABA-dependent stress responses. Plants maintain a balance between GA and ABA levels constantly throughout the developmental processes at different tissues and organs, including under unfavorable environmental or physiological conditions. Here, we will review the literature on how GA and ABA control different stages of plant development, with focus on seed germination and selected abiotic stresses. The possible crosstalk of ABA and GA in specific events of the above processes will also be discussed, with emphasis on downstream stress signaling components, kinases and transcription factors (TFs). The importance of several key ABA and GA signaling intermediates will be illustrated. The knowledge gained from such studies will also help to establish a solid foundation to develop future crop improvement strategies.
Collapse
|
93
|
Liu F, Wang P, Zhang X, Li X, Yan X, Fu D, Wu G. The genetic and molecular basis of crop height based on a rice model. PLANTA 2018; 247:1-26. [PMID: 29110072 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-017-2798-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
This review presents genetic and molecular basis of crop height using a rice crop model. Height is controlled by multiple genes with potential to be manipulated through breeding strategies to improve productivity. Height is an important factor affecting crop architecture, apical dominance, biomass, resistance to lodging, tolerance to crowding and mechanical harvesting. The impressive increase in wheat and rice yield during the 'green revolution' benefited from a combination of breeding for high-yielding dwarf varieties together with advances in agricultural mechanization, irrigation and agrochemical/fertilizer use. To maximize yield under irrigation and high fertilizer use, semi-dwarfing is optimal, whereas extreme dwarfing leads to decreased yield. Rice plant height is controlled by genes that lie in a complex regulatory network, mainly involved in the biosynthesis or signal transduction of phytohormones such as gibberellins, brassinosteroids and strigolactones. Additional dwarfing genes have been discovered that are involved in other pathways, some of which are uncharacterized. This review discusses our current understanding of the regulation of plant height using rice as a well-characterized model and highlights some of the most promising research that could lead to the development of new, high-yielding varieties. This knowledge underpins future work towards the genetic improvement of plant height in rice and other crops.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Oil Crop Biology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Pandi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Oil Crop Biology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaobo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Breeding Technology Innovation and Integration, China National Seed Group Co., Ltd., Wuhan, 430206, China
| | - Xiaofei Li
- Key Laboratory of Oil Crop Biology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaohong Yan
- Key Laboratory of Oil Crop Biology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Donghui Fu
- The Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Agronomy College, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China.
| | - Gang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Oil Crop Biology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
94
|
Dang X, Fang B, Chen X, Li D, Sowadan O, Dong Z, Liu E, She D, Wu G, Liang Y, Hong D. Favorable Marker Alleles for Panicle Exsertion Length in Rice ( Oryza sativa L.) Mined by Association Mapping and the RSTEP-LRT Method. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:2112. [PMID: 29312380 PMCID: PMC5732986 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.02112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The panicle exsertion length (PEL) in rice (Oryza sativa L.) is an important trait for hybrid seed production. We investigated the PEL in a chromosome segment substitution line (CSSL) population consisting of 66 lines and a natural population composed of 540 varieties. In the CSSL population, a total of seven QTLs for PEL were detected across two environments. The percentage of phenotypic variance explained (PVE) ranged from 10.22 to 50.18%, and the additive effect ranged from -1.77 to 6.47 cm. Among the seven QTLs, qPEL10.2 had the largest PVE, 44.05 and 50.18%, with an additive effect of 5.91 and 6.47 cm in 2015 and in 2016, respectively. In the natural population, 13 SSR marker loci were detected that were associated with PEL in all four environments, with the PVE ranging from 1.20 to 6.26%. Among the 13 loci, 7 were novel. The RM5746-170 bp allele had the largest phenotypic effect (5.11 cm), and the typical carrier variety was Qiaobinghuang. An RM5620-RM6100 region harboring the EUI2 locus on chromosome 10 was detected in both populations. The sequencing results showed that the accessions with a shorter PEL contained the A base, while the accessions with a longer PEL contained the G base at the 1,475 bp location of the EUI2 gene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Delin Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
95
|
Tang H, Xie Y, Liu YG, Chen L. Advances in understanding the molecular mechanisms of cytoplasmic male sterility and restoration in rice. PLANT REPRODUCTION 2017; 30:179-184. [PMID: 28988325 DOI: 10.1007/s00497-017-0308-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) in plants is a male reproductive defect determined by mitochondrial genes and inherited maternally. CMS can be suppressed by nuclear restorer of fertility (Rf) genes. Therefore, CMS/Rf systems provide a classic model for the study of mitochondrial-nuclear interactions in plants. Moreover, CMS/Rf systems are economical, effective tools for the production of hybrid seeds. For example, CMS/Rf systems have been applied in over forty countries to breed hybrid rice (Oryza sativa L.) with improved yields due to hybrid vigor. The production of hybrid rice mainly depends on three types of CMS systems, namely Wild-Abortive type CMS (CMS-WA), Hong-Lian type CMS (CMS-HL) and Boro II type CMS (CMS-BT). Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying these CMS/Rf systems will help us to understand mitochondrial-nuclear interactions, and accelerate the utilization of heterosis for improvement in yield. In the past decades, research benefitting from the availability of the high-quality, annotated mitochondrial and nuclear genome sequences of rice has isolated many CMS genes, identified the cognate nuclear Rf genes and studied the molecular mechanisms underlying CMS and restoration in rice. Here, we focus on recent advances in studies of the three major CMS/Rf systems in rice and discuss the key issues facing basic research and application of CMS/Rf systems in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huiwu Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yongyao Xie
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yao-Guang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Letian Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| |
Collapse
|
96
|
Wei W, Tao JJ, Chen HW, Li QT, Zhang WK, Ma B, Lin Q, Zhang JS, Chen SY. A Histone Code Reader and a Transcriptional Activator Interact to Regulate Genes for Salt Tolerance. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 175:1304-1320. [PMID: 28874519 PMCID: PMC5664453 DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.01764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Plant homeodomain (PHD) finger proteins are involved in various developmental processes and stress responses. They recognize and bind to epigenetically modified histone H3 tail and function as histone code readers. Here we report that GmPHD6 reads low methylated histone H3K4me0/1/2 but not H3K4me3 with its N-terminal domain instead of the PHD finger. GmPHD6 does not possess transcriptional regulatory ability but has DNA-binding ability. Through the PHD finger, GmPHD6 interacts with its coactivator, LHP1-1/2, to form a transcriptional activation complex. Using a transgenic hairy root system, we demonstrate that overexpression of GmPHD6 improves stress tolerance in soybean (Glycinemax) plants. Knocking down the LHP1 expression disrupts this role of GmPHD6, indicating that GmPHD6 requires LHP1 functions during stress response. GmPHD6 influences expression of dozens of stress-related genes. Among these, we identified three targets of GmPHD6, including ABA-stress-ripening-induced CYP75B1 and CYP82C4 Overexpression of each gene confers stress tolerance in soybean plants. GmPHD6 is recruited to H3K4me0/1/2 marks and recognizes the G-rich elements in target gene promoters, whereas LHP1 activates expression of these targets. Our study reveals a mechanism involving two partners in a complex. Manipulation of the genes in this pathway should improve stress tolerance in soybean or other legumes/crops.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wei
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jian-Jun Tao
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Hao-Wei Chen
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Qing-Tian Li
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wan-Ke Zhang
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Biao Ma
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Qing Lin
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jin-Song Zhang
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shou-Yi Chen
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| |
Collapse
|
97
|
Mathan J, Bhattacharya J, Ranjan A. Enhancing crop yield by optimizing plant developmental features. Development 2017; 143:3283-94. [PMID: 27624833 DOI: 10.1242/dev.134072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A number of plant features and traits, such as overall plant architecture, leaf structure and morphological features, vascular architecture and flowering time are important determinants of photosynthetic efficiency and hence the overall performance of crop plants. The optimization of such developmental traits thus has great potential to increase biomass and crop yield. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of these developmental traits in crop plants, summarizing their genetic regulation and highlighting the potential of manipulating these traits for crop improvement. We also briefly review the effects of domestication on the developmental features of crop plants. Finally, we discuss the potential of functional genomics-based approaches to optimize plant developmental traits to increase yield.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jyotirmaya Mathan
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Juhi Bhattacharya
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Aashish Ranjan
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi 110067, India
| |
Collapse
|
98
|
Wang J, Wang R, Wang Y, Zhang L, Zhang L, Xu Y, Yao S. Short and Solid Culm/RFL/APO2 for culm development in rice. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 91:85-96. [PMID: 28370563 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The culm development of rice is characterized by elongation and medullary cavity (MC) formation, which are determined by node formation meristem and residual meristem, respectively. Although many factors have been shown to affect culm elongation, molecules involved in MC formation remained to be identified. In this study, we show that a point mutation in SHORT and SOLID CULM (SSC), the rice homologue of Arabidopsis LFY, resulted in plants with drastically reduced culm length and completely abolished MC formation. Analysis of transgenic plants with moderately enhanced SSC expression revealed significant decreases in plant height and MC size in contrast to slight changes in heading date, indicating that the culm developmental process is much more tightly monitored by the gene. Transcriptomic analysis revealed the differential expression of knotted-1 like homeobox (KNOX) protein genes and gibberellin (GA) metabolic genes in the ssc mutant background, and most of the genes contained well-conserved LFY-binding cis-elements that could be effectively recognized by SSC. Genetic analysis found that the reduced culm length of the mutant could be largely rescued by the GA-accumulating mutation eui, whereas MC formation remained unchanged in the double mutant plants. Taken together, our results suggest that SSC affects culm elongation mainly through maintaining GA homeostasis, while functions in MC formation by mediating residual meristem activity possibly via the KNOX pathway. The present study provides a potential strategy for improving the culm morphology and plant architecture in rice by manipulating SSC and/or its downstream components.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Plant Gene Research Center, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ruci Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Plant Gene Research Center, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yueming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Plant Gene Research Center, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Plant Gene Research Center, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Plant Gene Research Center, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yufang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Plant Gene Research Center, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shanguo Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Plant Gene Research Center, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
99
|
Wang B, Wei H, Xue Z, Zhang WH. Gibberellins regulate iron deficiency-response by influencing iron transport and translocation in rice seedlings (Oryza sativa). ANNALS OF BOTANY 2017; 119:945-956. [PMID: 28065924 PMCID: PMC5604592 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcw250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Background and aims Gibberellins (GAs) are a class of plant hormones with diverse functions. However, there has been little information on the role of GAs in response to plant nutrient deficiency. Methods To evaluate the roles of GAs in regulation of Fe homeostasis, the effects of GA on Fe accumulation and Fe translocation in rice seedlings were investigated using wild-type, a rice mutant ( eui1 ) displaying enhnaced endogenous GA concentrations due to a defect in GA deactivation, and transgenic rice plants overexpressing OsEUI . Key Results Exposure to Fe-deficient medium significantly reduced biomass of rice plants. Both exogenous application of GA and an endogenous increase of bioactive GA enhanced Fe-deficiency response by exaggerating foliar chlorosis and reducing growth. Iron deficiency significantly suppressed production of GA 1 and GA 4 , the biologically active GAs in rice. Exogenous application of GA significantly decreased leaf Fe concentration regardless of Fe supply. Iron concentration in shoot of eui1 mutants was lower than that of WT plants under both Fe-sufficient and Fe-deficient conditions. Paclobutrazol, an inhibitor of GA biosynthesis, alleviated Fe-deficiency responses, and overexpression of EUI significantly increased Fe concentration in shoots and roots. Furthermore, both exogenous application of GA and endogenous increase in GA resulting from EUI mutation inhibited Fe translocation within shoots by suppressing OsYSL2 expression, which is involved in Fe transport and translocation. Conclusions The novel findings provide compelling evidence to support the involvement of GA in mediation of Fe homeostasis in strategy II rice plants by negatively regulating Fe transport and translocation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baolan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, PR China
- Research Network of Global Change Biology, Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Haifang Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Zhen Xue
- Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, PR China
| | - Wen-Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, PR China
- Research Network of Global Change Biology, Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
100
|
Wang Y, Zhao J, Lu W, Deng D. Gibberellin in plant height control: old player, new story. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2017; 36:391-398. [PMID: 28160061 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-017-2104-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Height relates to plant architecture, lodging resistance, and yield performance. Growth-promoting phytohormones gibberellins (GAs) play a pivotal role in plant height control. Mutations in GA biosynthesis, metabolism, and signaling cascades influence plant height. Moreover, GA interacts with other phytohormones in the modulation of plant height. Here, we first briefly describe the regulation of plant height by altered GA pathway. Then, we depict effects of the crosstalk between GA and other phytohormones on plant height. We also dissect the co-localization of GA pathway genes and established quantitative genetic loci for plant height. Finally, we suggest ways forward for the application of hormone GA knowledge in breeding of crops with plant height ideotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yijun Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
| | - Jia Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Wenjie Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Dexiang Deng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| |
Collapse
|