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Luo A, Li Y, Shrestha N, Xu X, Su X, Li Y, Lyu T, Waris K, Tang Z, Liu X, Lin L, Chen Y, Zu K, Song W, Peng S, Zimmermann NE, Pellissier L, Wang Z. Global multifaceted biodiversity patterns, centers, and conservation needs in angiosperms. Sci China Life Sci 2024; 67:817-828. [PMID: 38217639 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-023-2430-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
The Convention on Biological Diversity seeks to conserve at least 30% of global land and water areas by 2030, which is a challenge but also an opportunity to better preserve biodiversity, including flowering plants (angiosperms). Herein, we compiled a large database on distributions of over 300,000 angiosperm species and the key functional traits of 67,024 species. Using this database, we constructed biodiversity-environment models to predict global patterns of taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional diversity in terrestrial angiosperms and provide a comprehensive mapping of the three diversity facets. We further evaluated the current protection status of the biodiversity centers of these diversity facets. Our results showed that geographical patterns of the three facets of plant diversity exhibited substantial spatial mismatches and nonoverlapping conservation priorities. Idiosyncratic centers of functional diversity, particularly of herbaceous species, were primarily distributed in temperate regions and under weaker protection compared with other biodiversity centers of taxonomic and phylogenetic facets. Our global assessment of multifaceted biodiversity patterns and centers highlights the insufficiency and unbalanced conservation among the three diversity facets and the two growth forms (woody vs. herbaceous), thus providing directions for guiding the future conservation of global plant diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ao Luo
- Institute of Ecology and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yaoqi Li
- Institute of Ecology and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Nawal Shrestha
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xiaoting Xu
- Institute of Ecology and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Xiangyan Su
- Institute of Ecology and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Land Consolidation and Rehabilitation Center, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beijing, 100035, China
| | - Yichao Li
- Institute of Ecology and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Tong Lyu
- Institute of Ecology and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Kilara Waris
- Institute of Ecology and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Zhiyao Tang
- Institute of Ecology and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xiaojuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Luxiang Lin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Yongsheng Chen
- Institute of Ecology and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Kuiling Zu
- Institute of Ecology and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Wenqi Song
- Institute of Ecology and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Shijia Peng
- Institute of Ecology and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Niklaus E Zimmermann
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, 8903, Switzerland
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, Zürich, 8092, Switzerland
| | - Loïc Pellissier
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, 8903, Switzerland
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, Zürich, 8092, Switzerland
| | - Zhiheng Wang
- Institute of Ecology and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
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Herrera-Alvarez X, Blanco JA, Phillips OL, Guadalupe V, Ortega-López LD, Ter Steege H, Rivas-Torres G. MADERA: A standardized Pan-Amazonian dataset for tropical timber species. Ecology 2023; 104:e4135. [PMID: 37438994 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.4135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
We compiled and presented a dataset for all timber species reported in the Amazon region from all nine South American Amazonian countries. This was based on official information from every country, as well as from two substantial scientific references. We verified the standard taxonomic names from each individual source, using the Taxonomic Name Resolution Service (TNRS) and considered all Amazonian tree species with diameter at breast height (DBH) ≥10 cm. We also obtained estimates of the current population size for most species from a published approach based on data from 1900 tree inventory plots (1-ha each) distributed across the Amazon region and part from the Amazon Tree Diversity Network (ATDN). We then identified the hyperdominant timber species. In addition, we overlapped our timber species list with data for species that are used for commercial purposes, according to the International Tropical Timber Organization (ITTO), the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) and the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) taxa assessment and Red List categories. Finally, we also included IUCN Red List categories based on combined deforestation, and climate change scenarios for these species. Our final Amazonian timber species dataset contains 1112 unique species records, which belong to 337 genera and 72 families from the lowland Amazonian rainforest, with associated information related to population, conservation, and trade status of each species. The authors of this research expect that the information provided will be useful to strengthen the public forestry policies of the Amazon countries, inform ecological studies, as well for forest management purposes. The data are released under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ximena Herrera-Alvarez
- Departamento de Ciencias, Universidad Pública de Navarra, Institute for Multidisciplinary Research in Applied Biology-IMAB, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Juan A Blanco
- Departamento de Ciencias, Universidad Pública de Navarra, Institute for Multidisciplinary Research in Applied Biology-IMAB, Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - Vicente Guadalupe
- Amazon Cooperation Treaty Organization, Bioamazon Project, Permanent Secretariat, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Leonardo D Ortega-López
- Microbiota of Insect Vectors Group, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana, France
- Department of Public Health, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Hans Ter Steege
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Quantitative Biodiversity Dynamics, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gonzalo Rivas-Torres
- Estación de Biodiversidad Tiputini, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Universidad San Francisco de Quito - USFQ, Quito, Ecuador
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Hadi M, Stacy EA. An optimized RNA extraction method for diverse leaves of Hawaiian Metrosideros, a hypervariable tree species complex. Appl Plant Sci 2023; 11:e11518. [PMID: 37342165 PMCID: PMC10278935 DOI: 10.1002/aps3.11518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Premise The isolation of RNA from trees is challenging due to the interference of polyphenols and polysaccharides with downstream processes. Furthermore, many RNA extraction protocols are time consuming and involve hazardous chemicals. To address these issues, we aimed to develop a safe protocol for high-quality RNA extraction from diverse Metrosideros taxa representing a broad range of leaf toughness, pubescence, and secondary metabolites. Methods and Results We tested popular RNA isolation kits and protocols that were effective on other recalcitrant trees, including a broad range of optimization and purification steps. We optimized a protocol involving two silica-membrane column-based kits that yielded high-quantity RNA with an RNA integrity number >7 and without DNA contamination. All RNA samples were used successfully in a follow-on RNA-Seq experiment. Conclusions We present an optimized high-throughput RNA extraction protocol that yielded high-quality and high-quantity RNA from three contrasting leaf phenotypes within a hyperdiverse woody species complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Hadi
- School of Life SciencesUniversity of Nevada Las VegasLas VegasNevada89154USA
| | - Elizabeth A. Stacy
- School of Life SciencesUniversity of Nevada Las VegasLas VegasNevada89154USA
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Li AG, Cai SF, Luo SZ, Wang XH, Cao LR, Wang X, Lin CF, Chen GS. C, N, and P stoichiometry for leaf litter of 62 woody species in a subtropical evergreen broadleaved forest. Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao 2023; 34:1153-1160. [PMID: 37236930 DOI: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202305.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
To understand leaf litter stoichiometry in a subtropical evergreen broadleaved forest, we measured the contents of carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in leaf litters of 62 main woody species in a natural forest of C. kawakamii Nature Reserve in Sanming, Fujian Province. Differences in leaf litter stoichiometry were analyzed across leaf forms (evergreen, deciduous), life forms (tree, semi-tree or shrub), and main families. Additionally, the phylogenetic signal was measured by Blomberg's K to explore the correlation between family level differentiation time and litter stoichiometry. Our results showed that the contents of C, N and P in the litter of 62 woody species were 405.97-512.16, 4.45-27.11, and 0.21-2.53 g·kg-1, respectively. C/N, C/P and N/P were 18.6-106.2, 195.9-2146.8, and 3.5-68.9, respectively. Leaf litter P content of evergreen tree species was significantly lower than that of deciduous tree species, and C/P and N/P of evergreen tree species were significantly higher than those of deciduous tree species. There was no significant difference in C, N content and C/N between the two leaf forms. There was no significant difference in litter stoichiometry among trees, semi-trees and shrubs. Effects of phylogeny on C, N content and C/N in leaf litter was significant, but not on P content, C/P and N/P. Family differentiation time was negatively correlated with leaf litter N content, and positively correlated with C/N. Leaf litter of Fagaceae had high C and N contents, C/P and N/P, and low P content and C/N, with an opposite trend for Sapidaceae. Our findings indicated that litter in subtropical forest had high C, N content and N/P, but low P content, C/N, and C/P, compared with the global scale average value. Litter of tree species in older sequence of evolutionary development had lower N content but higher C/N. There was no difference of leaf litter stoichiometry among life forms. There were significant differences in P content, C/P, and N/P between different leaf forms, with a characteristic of convergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ao-Gui Li
- School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University/Cultivation Base of State Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Mountain Ecology, Fuzhou 350007, China
- Sanming Forest Ecosystem and Global Change National Observation and Research Station of Fujian Province, Sanming 365000, Fujian, China
| | - Shi-Feng Cai
- Youxi State-owned Forest Farm of Fujian Province, Youxi 365100, Fujian, China
| | - Su-Zhen Luo
- Youxi State-owned Forest Farm of Fujian Province, Youxi 365100, Fujian, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Wang
- School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University/Cultivation Base of State Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Mountain Ecology, Fuzhou 350007, China
- Sanming Forest Ecosystem and Global Change National Observation and Research Station of Fujian Province, Sanming 365000, Fujian, China
| | - Li-Rong Cao
- School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University/Cultivation Base of State Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Mountain Ecology, Fuzhou 350007, China
- Sanming Forest Ecosystem and Global Change National Observation and Research Station of Fujian Province, Sanming 365000, Fujian, China
| | - Xue Wang
- School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University/Cultivation Base of State Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Mountain Ecology, Fuzhou 350007, China
- Sanming Forest Ecosystem and Global Change National Observation and Research Station of Fujian Province, Sanming 365000, Fujian, China
| | - Cheng-Fang Lin
- School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University/Cultivation Base of State Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Mountain Ecology, Fuzhou 350007, China
- Sanming Forest Ecosystem and Global Change National Observation and Research Station of Fujian Province, Sanming 365000, Fujian, China
| | - Guang-Shui Chen
- School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University/Cultivation Base of State Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Mountain Ecology, Fuzhou 350007, China
- Sanming Forest Ecosystem and Global Change National Observation and Research Station of Fujian Province, Sanming 365000, Fujian, China
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Ballikaya P, Brunner I, Cocozza C, Grolimund D, Kaegi R, Murazzi ME, Schaub M, Schönbeck LC, Sinnet B, Cherubini P. First evidence of nanoparticle uptake through leaves and roots in beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and pine (Pinus sylvestris L.). Tree Physiol 2023; 43:262-276. [PMID: 36226588 PMCID: PMC9923370 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpac117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Trees have been used for phytoremediation and as biomonitors of air pollution. However, the mechanisms by which trees mitigate nanoparticle pollution in the environment are still unclear. We investigated whether two important tree species, European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), are able to take up and transport differently charged gold nanoparticles (Au-NPs) into their stem by comparing leaf-to-root and root-to-leaf pathways. Au-NPs were taken up by roots and leaves, and a small fraction was transported to the stem in both species. Au-NPs were transported from leaves to roots but not vice versa. Leaf Au uptake was higher in beech than in pine, probably because of the higher stomatal density and wood characteristics of beech. Confocal (3D) analysis confirmed the presence of Au-NPs in trichomes and leaf blade, about 20-30 μm below the leaf surface in beech. Most Au-NPs likely penetrated into the stomatal openings through diffusion of Au-NPs as suggested by the 3D XRF scanning analysis. However, trichomes were probably involved in the uptake and internal immobilization of NPs, besides their ability to retain them on the leaf surface. The surface charge of Au-NPs may have played a role in their adhesion and uptake, but not in their transport to different tree compartments. Stomatal conductance did not influence the uptake of Au-NPs. This is the first study that shows nanoparticle uptake and transport in beech and pine, contributing to a better understanding of the interactions of NPs with different tree species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Ballikaya
- WSL Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Department of Geography, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ivano Brunner
- WSL Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Cocozza
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry (DAGRI), University of Florence, Via delle Cascine, 5, I-50145 Florence, Italy
| | - Daniel Grolimund
- Swiss Light Source, PSI Paul Scherrer Institute, Forschungsstrasse 111, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Ralf Kaegi
- Eawag Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Department Process Engineering, Überlandstrasse 133, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Maria Elvira Murazzi
- WSL Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Marcus Schaub
- WSL Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Leonie C Schönbeck
- WSL Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Department of Botany & Plant Sciences, University of California Riverside, 2150 Batchelor Hall, Riverside, CA 92521-0124 USA
| | - Brian Sinnet
- Eawag Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Department Process Engineering, Überlandstrasse 133, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Paolo Cherubini
- WSL Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Department of Geography, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, 2004-2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
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Gorel AP, Hardy OJ, Dauby G, Dexter KG, Segovia RA, Steppe K, Fayolle A. Climatic niche lability but growth form conservatism in the African woody flora. Ecol Lett 2022; 25:1164-1176. [PMID: 35229970 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Climatic niche evolution during the diversification of tropical plants has received little attention in Africa. To address this, we characterised the climatic niche of >4000 tropical African woody species, distinguishing two broad bioclimatic groups (forest vs. savanna) and six subgroups. We quantified niche conservatism versus lability at the genus level and for higher clades, using a molecular phylogeny of >800 genera. Although niche stasis at speciation is prevalent, numerous clades individually cover vast climatic spaces suggesting a general ease in transcending ecological limits, especially across bioclimatic subgroups. The forest biome was the main source of diversity, providing many lineages to savanna, but reverse shifts also occurred. We identified clades that diversified in savanna after shifts from forest. The forest-savanna transition was not consistently associated with a growth form change, though we found evolutionarily labile clades whose presence in forest or savanna is associated respectively with climbing or shrubby species diversification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaïs-Pasiphaé Gorel
- Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Olivier J Hardy
- Evolutionary Biology and Ecology, Faculté Des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Gilles Dauby
- AMAP, Univ. Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, CIRAD, INRAE, Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
| | - Kyle G Dexter
- Tropical School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Tropical Diversity Section, Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ricardo A Segovia
- Instituto de Ecologia y Biodiversidad (IEB), Santiago, Chile.,Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Kat, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Kathy Steppe
- Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Adeline Fayolle
- Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
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7
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Li P, Feng Z, Shang B, Uddling J. Combining carbon and oxygen isotopic signatures to identify ozone-induced declines in tree water-use efficiency. Tree Physiol 2021; 41:2234-2244. [PMID: 33822226 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpab041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ground-level ozone (O3) pollution affects the plant carbon and water balance, but the relative contributions of impaired photosynthesis and the loss of stomatal functioning to the O3-induced reductions in water-use efficiency (WUE) remain unclear. We combined the leaf stable dual isotopic signatures of carbon (δ13C) and oxygen (δ18O) with related instantaneous gas exchange performance to determine the effects of O3 dose on the net photosynthetic rate (An), stomatal conductance (gs) and intrinsic WUE (iWUE = An/gs) in four tree species (one being a hybrid) exposed to five O3 levels. The iWUE declined for each step increase in O3 level, reflecting progressive loss of the coupling between leaf carbon gain and water loss. In ambient compared with charcoal-filtered air, the decreased iWUE was associated with reductions in both An and gs (i.e., decreased δ13C and increased δ18O). In elevated O3 treatments, however, the iWUE declines were caused by reduced An at constant or increased gs. The results show that the dual isotope approach provides a robust way to gather time-integrated information on how O3 pollution affects leaf gas exchange. Our study highlights that O3-induced decoupling between photosynthesis and stomatal regulation causes large and progressive declines in the WUE of forest trees, demonstrating the need for incorporating this hitherto unaccounted for effect into vegetation models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pin Li
- Research Center for Urban Forestry, Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Forest Ecosystem of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Qinghua East Road 35, Haidian, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhaozhong Feng
- Institute of Ecology, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Ningliu Road 219, Pukou District, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Bo Shang
- Institute of Ecology, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Ningliu Road 219, Pukou District, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Johan Uddling
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
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Liu B, Han F, Xing K, Zhang A, Rengel Z. The Response of Plants and Mycorrhizal Fungi to Nutritionally-Heterogeneous Environments Are Regulated by Nutrient Types and Plant Functional Groups. Front Plant Sci 2021; 12:734641. [PMID: 34868118 PMCID: PMC8634332 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.734641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nutrient type and plant functional group are both important in influencing proliferation of roots or hyphae and their benefit to plant growth in nutritionally heterogeneous environments. However, the studies quantifying relative importance of roots vs. hyphae affecting the plant response to nutrient heterogeneity are lacking. Here, we used meta-analysis based on 879 observations from 66 published studies to evaluate response patterns of seven variables related to growth and morphological traits of plants and mycorrhizal fungi in nutritionally heterogeneous environments. We found that phosphorus [P] and organic fertilizer [OF] supply significantly increased shoot (+18.1 and +25.9%, respectively) and root biomass (+31.1 and +23.0%, respectively) and root foraging precision (+11.8 and +20.4%, respectively). However, there was no significant difference among functional groups of herbs (grasses, forbs, and legumes), between herbs and woody species, and between arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) and ectomycorrhizal (ECM) tree species in the shoot, root and mycorrhizal fungi responses to nutrient heterogeneity, except for root biomass and root foraging precision among grasses, forbs, and legumes, and mycorrhizal hyphal foraging precision between AM and ECM tree species. Root diameter was uncorrelated with neither root foraging precision nor mycorrhizal hyphal foraging precision, regardless of mycorrhizal type or nutrient type. These results suggest that plant growth and foraging strategies are mainly influenced by nutrient type, among other factors including plant functional type and mycorrhizal type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bitao Liu
- College of Forestry, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Fei Han
- College of Forestry, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Kaixiong Xing
- Center for Forest Ecosystem Studies and Qianyanzhou Ecological Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Aiping Zhang
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zed Rengel
- Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Institute for Adriatic Crops and Karst Reclamation, Split, Croatia
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9
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Stacy EA, Sakishima T, Tharp H, Snow N. Isolation of Metrosideros ('Ohi'a) Taxa on O'ahu Increases with Elevation and Extreme Environments. J Hered 2021; 111:103-118. [PMID: 31844884 DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esz069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Species radiations should be facilitated by short generation times and limited dispersal among discontinuous populations. Hawaii's hyper-diverse, landscape-dominant tree, Metrosideros, is unique among the islands' radiations for its massive populations that occur continuously over space and time within islands, its exceptional capacity for gene flow by both pollen and seed, and its extended life span (ca. >650 years). Metrosideros shows the greatest phenotypic and microsatellite DNA diversity on O'ahu, where taxa occur in tight sympatry or parapatry in mesic and montane wet forest on 2 volcanoes. We document the nonrandom distributions of 12 taxa (including unnamed morphotypes) along elevation gradients, measure phenotypes of ~6-year-old common-garden plants of 8 taxa to verify heritability of phenotypes, and examine genotypes of 476 wild adults at 9 microsatellite loci to compare the strengths of isolation across taxa, volcanoes, and distance. All 8 taxa retained their diagnostic phenotypes in the common garden. Populations were isolated by taxon to a range of degrees (pairwise FST between taxa: 0.004-0.267), and there was no pattern of isolation by distance or by elevation; however, significant isolation between volcanoes was observed within monotypic species, suggesting limited gene flow between volcanoes. Among the infraspecific taxa of Metrosideros polymorpha, genetic diversity and isolation significantly decreased and increased, respectively, with elevation. Overall, 5 of the 6 most isolated taxa were associated with highest elevations or otherwise extreme environments. These findings suggest a principal role for selection in the origin and maintenance of the exceptional diversity that occurs within continuous Metrosideros stands on O'ahu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Stacy
- Department of Biology, University of Hawai'i Hilo, Hilo, HI.,Tropical Conservation Biology and Environmental Science Graduate Program, University of Hawai'i Hilo, Hilo, HI
| | - Tomoko Sakishima
- Department of Biology, University of Hawai'i Hilo, Hilo, HI.,Tropical Conservation Biology and Environmental Science Graduate Program, University of Hawai'i Hilo, Hilo, HI
| | - Heaven Tharp
- Department of Biology, University of Hawai'i Hilo, Hilo, HI
| | - Neil Snow
- Department of Biology, Pittsburg State University, Pittsburg, KS
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10
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Kapazoglou A, Tani E, Avramidou EV, Abraham EM, Gerakari M, Megariti S, Doupis G, Doulis AG. Epigenetic Changes and Transcriptional Reprogramming Upon Woody Plant Grafting for Crop Sustainability in a Changing Environment. Front Plant Sci 2021; 11:613004. [PMID: 33510757 PMCID: PMC7835530 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.613004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Plant grafting is an ancient agricultural practice widely employed in crops such as woody fruit trees, grapes, and vegetables, in order to improve plant performance. Successful grafting requires the interaction of compatible scion and rootstock genotypes. This involves an intricate network of molecular mechanisms operating at the graft junction and associated with the development and the physiology of the scion, ultimately leading to improved agricultural characteristics such as fruit quality and increased tolerance/resistance to abiotic and biotic factors. Bidirectional transfer of molecular signals such as hormones, nutrients, proteins, and nucleic acids from the rootstock to the scion and vice versa have been well documented. In recent years, studies on rootstock-scion interactions have proposed the existence of an epigenetic component in grafting reactions. Epigenetic changes such as DNA methylation, histone modification, and the action of small RNA molecules are known to modulate chromatin architecture, leading to gene expression changes and impacting cellular function. Mobile small RNAs (siRNAs) migrating across the graft union from the rootstock to the scion and vice versa mediate modifications in the DNA methylation pattern of the recipient partner, leading to altered chromatin structure and transcriptional reprogramming. Moreover, graft-induced DNA methylation changes and gene expression shifts in the scion have been associated with variations in graft performance. If these changes are heritable they can lead to stably altered phenotypes and affect important agricultural traits, making grafting an alternative to breeding for the production of superior plants with improved traits. However, most reviews on the molecular mechanisms underlying this process comprise studies related to vegetable grafting. In this review we will provide a comprehensive presentation of the current knowledge on the epigenetic changes and transcriptional reprogramming associated with the rootstock-scion interaction focusing on woody plant species, including the recent findings arising from the employment of advanced-omics technologies as well as transgrafting methodologies and their potential exploitation for generating superior quality grafts in woody species. Furthermore, will discuss graft-induced heritable epigenetic changes leading to novel plant phenotypes and their implication to woody crop improvement for yield, quality, and stress resilience, within the context of climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliki Kapazoglou
- Department of Vitis, Institute of Olive Tree, Subtropical Crops and Viticulture (IOSV), Hellenic Agricultural Organization-Demeter (HAO-Demeter), Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni Tani
- Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Biometry, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelia V. Avramidou
- Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Biotechnology, Institute of Mediterranean Forest Ecosystems, Athens, Hellenic Agricultural Organization-Demeter (HAO-Demeter), Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni M. Abraham
- Laboratory of Range Science, Faculty of Forestry and Natural Environment, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Maria Gerakari
- Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Biometry, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Stamatia Megariti
- Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Biometry, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Doupis
- Department of Viticulture, Vegetable Crops, Floriculture and Plant Protection, Institute of Olive Tree, Sub-Tropical Crops and Viticulture, Hellenic Agricultural Organization-Demeter (HAO-Demeter) (fr. NAGREF), Heraklion, Greece
| | - Andreas G. Doulis
- Department of Viticulture, Vegetable Crops, Floriculture and Plant Protection, Institute of Olive Tree, Sub-Tropical Crops and Viticulture, Hellenic Agricultural Organization-Demeter (HAO-Demeter) (fr. NAGREF), Heraklion, Greece
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11
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Puglielli G, Laanisto L, Poorter H, Niinemets Ü. Global patterns of biomass allocation in woody species with different tolerances of shade and drought: evidence for multiple strategies. New Phytol 2021; 229:308-322. [PMID: 33411342 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The optimal partitioning theory predicts that plants of a given species acclimate to different environments by allocating a larger proportion of biomass to the organs acquiring the most limiting resource. Are similar patterns found across species adapted to environments with contrasting levels of abiotic stress? We tested the optimal partitioning theory by analysing how fractional biomass allocation to leaves, stems and roots differed between woody species with different tolerances of shade and drought in plants of different age and size (seedlings to mature trees) using a global dataset including 604 species. No overarching biomass allocation patterns at different tolerance values across species were found. Biomass allocation varied among functional types as a result of phenological (deciduous vs evergreen broad-leaved species) and broad phylogenetical (angiosperms vs gymnosperms) differences. Furthermore, the direction of biomass allocation responses between tolerant and intolerant species was often opposite to that predicted by the optimal partitioning theory. We conclude that plant functional type is the major determinant of biomass allocation in woody species. We propose that interactions between plant functional type, ontogeny and species-specific stress tolerance adaptations allow woody species with different shade and drought tolerances to display multiple biomass partitioning strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Puglielli
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, 51006, Estonia
| | - Lauri Laanisto
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, 51006, Estonia
| | - Hendrik Poorter
- Plant Sciences (IBG-2), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, D-52425, Germany
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Ülo Niinemets
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, 51006, Estonia
- Estonian Academy of Sciences, Tallinn, 10130, Estonia
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12
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Lorenzo ME, Casero CN, Gómez PE, Segovia AF, Figueroa LC, Quiroga A, Werning ML, Wunderlin DA, Baroni MV. Antioxidant characteristics and antibacterial activity of native woody species from Catamarca, Argentina. Nat Prod Res 2020; 36:885-890. [PMID: 33185143 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2020.1839461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Numerous reports describe the antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of polyphenols-rich plant extracts. The aim of this study was to determine the total polyphenols content (TPC), and the in vitro (DPPH, FRAP and TEAC) antioxidant and antibacterial activity of leaves and wood of six native woody species (Aspidosperma quebracho-blanct, Sarcomphalus mistol, Geoffroea decorticans, Prosopis chilensis, Larrea divaricata and Larrea cuneifolia) from Catamarca. Also, the phenolic profile was determined in the species with higher activity. L. cuneifolia leaf extracts showed the highest antioxidant activity followed by L. divaricata and S. mistol, while S. mistol wood extracts showed the highest. Furthermore, Larrea species showed antibacterial activity against S. aureus and E. faecalis strains showing cidal effects mainly against S. aureus. Fifty-nine polyphenols were identified in leaves and wood of Larrea and S. mistol species, which are likely to be responsible for the different activities observed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carina Noelia Casero
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, UNC - IMBIV-CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina
| | | | | | | | | | - María Laura Werning
- Facultad de Ciencias, Exactas y Naturales, UNCA, CITCA/CONICET-UNCA, Catamarca, Argentina
| | - Daniel Alberto Wunderlin
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Química Orgánica, ISIDSA, SECyT, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.,CONICET, ICYTAC, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María Verónica Baroni
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Química Orgánica, ISIDSA, SECyT, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.,CONICET, ICYTAC, Córdoba, Argentina
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13
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Chung MY, Son S, Herrando-Moraira S, Tang CQ, Maki M, Kim YD, López-Pujol J, Hamrick JL, Chung MG. Incorporating differences between genetic diversity of trees and herbaceous plants in conservation strategies. Conserv Biol 2020; 34:1142-1151. [PMID: 31994789 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Reviews that summarize the genetic diversity of plant species in relation to their life history and ecological traits show that forest trees have more genetic diversity at population and species levels than annuals or herbaceous perennials. In addition, among-population genetic differentiation is significantly lower in trees than in most herbaceous perennials and annuals. Possible reasons for these differences between trees and herbaceous perennials and annuals have not been discussed critically. Several traits, such as high rates of outcrossing, long-distance pollen and seed dispersal, large effective population sizes (Ne ), arborescent stature, low population density, longevity, overlapping generations, and occurrence in late successional communities, may make trees less sensitive to genetic bottlenecks and more resistant to habitat fragmentation or climate change. We recommend that guidelines for genetic conservation strategies be designed differently for tree species versus other types of plant species. Because most tree species fit an LH scenario (low [L] genetic differentiation and high [H] genetic diversity), tree seeds could be sourced from a few populations distributed across the species' range. For the in situ conservation of trees, translocation is a viable option to increase Ne . In contrast, rare herbaceous understory species are frequently HL (high differentiation and low diversity) species. Under the HL scenario, seeds should be taken from many populations with high genetic diversity. In situ conservation efforts for herbaceous plants should focus on protecting habitats because the typically small populations of these species are vulnerable to the loss of genetic diversity. The robust allozyme genetic diversity databases could be used to develop conservation strategies for species lacking genetic information. As a case study of reforestation with several tree species in denuded areas on the Korean Peninsula, we recommend the selection of local genotypes as suitable sources to prevent adverse effects and to insure the successful restoration in the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Yoon Chung
- Research Institute of Natural Science (RINS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungwon Son
- Division of Plant Resources, Korea National Arboretum, Yangpyeong, 12519, Republic of Korea
| | - Sonia Herrando-Moraira
- Botanic Institute of Barcelona (IBB, CSIC-Ajuntament de Barcelona), Barcelona, Catalonia, 08038, Spain
| | - Cindy Q Tang
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650504, China
| | - Masayuki Maki
- Botanical Gardens, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai, 980-0862, Japan
| | - Young-Dong Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Hallym University, Chuncheon, 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Jordi López-Pujol
- Botanic Institute of Barcelona (IBB, CSIC-Ajuntament de Barcelona), Barcelona, Catalonia, 08038, Spain
| | - James L Hamrick
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, U.S.A
| | - Myong Gi Chung
- Division of Life Science and the RINS, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
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14
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Grebenshchykova Z, Frédette C, Chazarenc F, Comeau Y, Brisson J. Establishment and potential use of woody species in treatment wetlands. Int J Phytoremediation 2019; 22:295-304. [PMID: 31475577 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2019.1658712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Plant species selection is an important criterion for improving treatment wetland performance. The aim of this work was to evaluate removal efficiency and potential uses of woody species in treatment wetlands during the establishment year. Plant development, removal efficiency and evapotranspiration rate of five woody species (Salix interior, Salix miyabeana, Sambucus canadensis, Myrica gale, Acer saccharinum) and four herbaceous taxa typically used in treatment wetlands (Typha angustifolia, Phragmites australis australis, Phragmites australis americanus, Phalaris arundinacea) were compared in a mesocosm-scale study during one growing season. Woody species showed significantly slower growth, but displayed several characteristics of interest for treatment wetland applications: good adaptation to wetlands conditions; high organic matter removal (76-88%); high nutrient accumulation in tissues and high evapotranspiration capacity. During the establishment year, herbaceous species showed greater biomass development (above- and belowground parts), higher evapotranspiration rate (>3.84 L m-2 d-1 compared to <3.23 L m-2 d-1 for woody species) and overall pollutant removal efficiency. These characteristics confirm the high efficiency of treatment wetlands planted with herbaceous species even in the first growing season. However, given their greater potential biomass development, woody species could represent an excellent alternative for improving treatment wetlands long-term performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanna Grebenshchykova
- Ecole des Mines de Nantes, IMT Atlantique, Nantes, France
- Institut de recherche en biologie végétale, Montreal, Canada
| | - Chloé Frédette
- Institut de recherche en biologie végétale, Montreal, Canada
- Département de sciences biologiques, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Yves Comeau
- Department of Civil, Geological and Mining Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Jacques Brisson
- Institut de recherche en biologie végétale, Montreal, Canada
- Département de sciences biologiques, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
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15
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Pais MS. Somatic Embryogenesis Induction in Woody Species: The Future After OMICs Data Assessment. Front Plant Sci 2019; 10:240. [PMID: 30984207 PMCID: PMC6447717 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Very early somatic embryogenesis has been recognized as a powerful method to propagate plants in vitro. For some woody species and in particular for some coniferous trees, somatic embryogenesis induction has become a routine procedure. For the majority, the application of this technology presents yet many limitations especially due to the genotype, the induction conditions, the number of embryos produced, maturation, and conversion, among other factors that compromise the systematic use of somatic embryogenesis for commercial purposes especially of woody species and forest trees in particular. The advancements obtained on somatic embryogenesis in Arabidopsis and the development of OMIC technologies allowed the characterization of genes and the corresponding proteins that are conserved in woody species. This knowledge will help in understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the complex regulatory networks that control somatic embryogenesis in woody plants. In this revision, we report on developments of OMICs (genomics, transcriptomics, metabolomics, and proteomics) applied to somatic embryogenesis induction and its contribution for understanding the change of fate giving rise to the expression of somatic embryogenesis competence.
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16
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Liu J, Sherif SM. Hormonal Orchestration of Bud Dormancy Cycle in Deciduous Woody Perennials. Front Plant Sci 2019; 10:1136. [PMID: 31620159 PMCID: PMC6759871 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Woody perennials enter seasonal dormancy to avoid unfavorable environmental conditions. Plant hormones are the critical mediators regulating this complex process, which is subject to the influence of many internal and external factors. Over the last two decades, our knowledge of hormone-mediated dormancy has increased considerably, primarily due to advancements in molecular biology, omics, and bioinformatics. These advancements have enabled the elucidation of several aspects of hormonal regulation associated with bud dormancy in various deciduous tree species. Plant hormones interact with each other extensively in a context-dependent manner. The dormancy-associated MADS (DAM) transcription factors appear to enable hormones and other internal signals associated with the transition between different phases of bud dormancy. These proteins likely hold a great potential in deciphering the underlying mechanisms of dormancy initiation, maintenance, and release. In this review, a recent understanding of the roles of plant hormones, their cross talks, and their potential interactions with DAM proteins during dormancy is discussed.
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17
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Tan S, Luo Y, Hollingsworth PM, Burgess KS, Xu K, Li D, Gao L. DNA barcoding herbaceous and woody plant species at a subalpine forest dynamics plot in Southwest China. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:7195-7205. [PMID: 30073078 PMCID: PMC6065341 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Although DNA barcoding has been widely used to identify plant species composition in temperate and tropical ecosystems, relatively few studies have used DNA barcodes to document both herbaceous and woody components of forest plot. A total of 201 species (72 woody species and 129 herbaceous species) representing 135 genera distributed across 64 families of seed plants were collected in a 25 ha CForBio subalpine forest dynamics plot. In total, 491 specimens were screened for three DNA regions of the chloroplast genome (rbcL, matK, and trnH-psbA) as well as the internal transcribed spacers (ITS) of nuclear ribosomal DNA. We quantified species resolution for each barcode separately or in combination using a ML tree-based method. Amplification and sequencing success were highest for rbcL, followed by trnH-psbA, which performed better than ITS and matK. The rbcL + ITS barcode had slightly higher species resolution rates (88.60%) compared with rbcL + matK (86.60%) and rbcL + trnH-psbA (86.01%). The addition of trnH-psbA or ITS to the rbcL + matK barcode only marginally increased species resolution rates, although in combination the four barcodes had the highest discriminatory power (90.21%). The situations where DNA barcodes did not discriminate among species were typically associated with higher numbers of co-occurring con-generic species. In addition, herbaceous species were much better resolved than woody species. Our study represents one of the first applications of DNA barcodes in a subalpine forest dynamics plot and contributes to our understanding of patterns of genetic divergence among woody and herbaceous plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao‐Lin Tan
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East AsiaKunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming, YunnanChina
- Germplasm Bank of Wild SpeciesKunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming, YunnanChina
- College of Life SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesKunming, YunnanChina
| | - Ya‐Huang Luo
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East AsiaKunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming, YunnanChina
| | | | - Kevin S. Burgess
- Department of BiologyCollege of Letters and SciencesColumbus State UniversityUniversity System of GeorgiaColumbusGeorgia
| | - Kun Xu
- Lijiang Forest Ecosystem Research StationKunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesLijiangChina
| | - De‐Zhu Li
- Germplasm Bank of Wild SpeciesKunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming, YunnanChina
- College of Life SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesKunming, YunnanChina
| | - Lian‐Ming Gao
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East AsiaKunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming, YunnanChina
- Lijiang Forest Ecosystem Research StationKunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesLijiangChina
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18
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Xu J, Chai Y, Wang M, Dang H, Guo Y, Chen Y, Zhang C, Li T, Zhang L, Yue M. Shifts in Plant Community Assembly Processes across Growth Forms along a Habitat Severity Gradient: A Test of the Plant Functional Trait Approach. Front Plant Sci 2018; 9:180. [PMID: 29497437 PMCID: PMC5818416 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Species respond to changes in their environments. A core goal in ecology is to understand the process of plant community assembly in response to a changing climate. Examining the performance of functional traits and trait-based assembly patterns across species among different growth forms is a useful way to explore the assembly process. In this study, we constructed a habitat severity gradient including several environment factors along a 2300 m wide elevational range at Taibai Mountain, central China. Then we assessed the shift on functional trait values and community assembly patterns along this gradient across species among different growth forms. We found that (1) although habitat-severity values closely covaried with elevation in this study, an examined communities along a habitat severity gradient might reveal community dynamics and species responses under future climate change. (2) the occurrence of trait values along the habitat severity gradient across different growth forms were similar, whereas the assembly pattern of herbaceous species was inconsistent with the community and woody species. (3) the trait-trait relationships of herbaceous species were dissimilar to those of the community and woody species. These results suggest that (1) community would re-assemble along habitat severity gradient through environmental filtering, regardless of any growth forms and that (2) different growth forms' species exhibiting similar trait values' shift but different trait-trait relationship by different trait combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinshi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
- School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yongfu Chai
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
- School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Mao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
- College of Grassland and Environment Sciences, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumchi, China
| | - Han Dang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
- School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yaoxin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
- School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chenguang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ting Li
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
- School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lixia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
- School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ming Yue
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
- School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
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Feng Z, Büker P, Pleijel H, Emberson L, Karlsson PE, Uddling J. A unifying explanation for variation in ozone sensitivity among woody plants. Glob Chang Biol 2018; 24:78-84. [PMID: 28722164 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Tropospheric ozone is considered the most detrimental air pollutant for vegetation at the global scale, with negative consequences for both provisioning and climate regulating ecosystem services. In spite of recent developments in ozone exposure metrics, from a concentration-based to a more physiologically relevant stomatal flux-based index, large-scale ozone risk assessment is still complicated by a large and unexplained variation in ozone sensitivity among tree species. Here, we explored whether the variation in ozone sensitivity among woody species can be linked to interspecific variation in leaf morphology. We found that ozone tolerance at the leaf level was closely linked to leaf dry mass per unit leaf area (LMA) and that whole-tree biomass reductions were more strongly related to stomatal flux per unit leaf mass (r2 = 0.56) than to stomatal flux per unit leaf area (r2 = 0.42). Furthermore, the interspecific variation in slopes of ozone flux-response relationships was considerably lower when expressed on a leaf mass basis (coefficient of variation, CV = 36%) than when expressed on a leaf area basis (CV = 66%), and relationships for broadleaf and needle-leaf species converged when using the mass-based index. These results show that much of the variation in ozone sensitivity among woody plants can be explained by interspecific variation in LMA and that large-scale ozone impact assessment could be greatly improved by considering this well-known and easily measured leaf trait.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaozhong Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Patrick Büker
- Stockholm Environment Institute, Environment Department, University of York, York, UK
| | - Håkan Pleijel
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lisa Emberson
- Stockholm Environment Institute, Environment Department, University of York, York, UK
| | | | - Johan Uddling
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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García EM, Cherry N, Lambert BD, Muir JP, Nazareno MA, Arroquy JI. Exploring the biological activity of condensed tannins and nutritional value of tree and shrub leaves from native species of the Argentinean Dry Chaco. J Sci Food Agric 2017; 97:5021-5027. [PMID: 28417450 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2016] [Revised: 04/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tropical tree or shrub leaves are an important source of nutrients for ruminants and a potential source of biologically active compounds that may affect ruminal metabolism of nutrients. Therefore, eight woody species from the native flora of Argentinean Dry Chaco, rich in secondary compounds such as condensed tannins (CT), were assessed for their nutritional value, CT fractions and in vitro true digestibility of dry matter, as well as biological activity (BA). RESULTS Differences among species were found in contents of total phenol, protein-precipitating phenols (PPP), bound proteins to PPP (BP) and BP/PPP (P < 0.0001). The BP/PPP ratio reveals differences among species in potential BA as indicated by protein precipitation. The major CT of each species were isolated and purified for use as a standard. Although Schinopsis balansae had the most (P ≤ 0.05) total CT (19.59% DM), Caesalpinia paraguariensis had greater (P ≤ 0.05) BA with the most PPP (530.21% dry matter). Larrea divaricata, at 0.97, followed by Acacia aroma, at 0.89, had CT with the highest (P ≤ 0.05) BP/PPP ratios, followed by Prosopis alba (0.59). CONCLUSION There were differences in nutritive value and bioactivity among species. Those with the greatest CT were not necessarily those with the most BA. Caesalpinia paraguariensis, S. balansae and L. divaricata were the most promising species as native forage CT sources. Cercidiurm praecox (20.87% CP; 18.14% acid detergent fiber) and Prosopis nigra (19.00% CP; 27.96% acid detergent fiber) showed the best (P ≤ 0.05) nutritive values. According to their nutritive traits, these species might be complementary in grass-based ruminant diets. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa M García
- CITSE - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas de la República Argentina (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero, Santiago del Estero, Argentina
| | | | | | - James P Muir
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research, Stephenville, TX, USA
| | - Mónica A Nazareno
- CITSE - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas de la República Argentina (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero, Santiago del Estero, Argentina
| | - Jose I Arroquy
- CITSE - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas de la República Argentina (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero, Santiago del Estero, Argentina
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, EEA, Santiago del Estero, Argentina
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21
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Li P, Feng Z, Catalayud V, Yuan X, Xu Y, Paoletti E. A meta-analysis on growth, physiological, and biochemical responses of woody species to ground-level ozone highlights the role of plant functional types. Plant Cell Environ 2017; 40:2369-2380. [PMID: 28744869 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Revised: 07/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The carbon-sink strength of temperate and boreal forests at midlatitudes of the northern hemisphere is decreased by ozone pollution, but knowledge on subtropical evergreen broadleaved forests is missing. Taking the dataset from Chinese studies covering temperate and subtropical regions, effects of elevated ozone concentration ([O3 ]) on growth, biomass, and functional leaf traits of different types of woody plants were quantitatively evaluated by meta-analysis. Elevated mean [O3 ] of 116 ppb reduced total biomass of woody plants by 14% compared with control (mean [O3 ] of 21 ppb). Temperate species from China were more sensitive to O3 than those from Europe and North America in terms of photosynthesis and transpiration. Significant reductions in chlorophyll content, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, and ascorbate peroxidase induced significant injury to photosynthesis and growth (height and diameter). Importantly, subtropical species were significantly less sensitive to O3 than temperate ones, whereas deciduous broadleaf species were significantly more sensitive than evergreen broadleaf and needle-leaf species. These findings suggest that carbon-sink strength of Chinese forests is reduced by present and future [O3 ] relative to control (20-40 ppb). Given that (sub)-tropical evergreen broadleaved species dominate in Chinese forests, estimation of the global carbon-sink constraints due to [O3 ] should be re-evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing Road 18, Haidian District, Beijing, 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhaozhong Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing Road 18, Haidian District, Beijing, 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Vicent Catalayud
- Fundación CEAM, c/Charles R. Darwin 14, Parque Tecnológico, Paterna, Valencia, 46980, Spain
| | - Xiangyang Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing Road 18, Haidian District, Beijing, 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yansen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing Road 18, Haidian District, Beijing, 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Elena Paoletti
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing Road 18, Haidian District, Beijing, 100085, China
- National Research Council, Via Madonna del Piano 10, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Italy
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22
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Šímová I, Rueda M, Hawkins BA. Stress from cold and drought as drivers of functional trait spectra in North American angiosperm tree assemblages. Ecol Evol 2017; 7:7548-7559. [PMID: 28944038 PMCID: PMC5606901 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding how environmental change alters the composition of plant assemblages, and how this in turn affects ecosystem functioning is a major challenge in the face of global climate change. Assuming that values of plant traits express species adaptations to the environment, the trait-based approach is a promising way to achieve this goal. Nevertheless, how functional traits are related to species' environmental tolerances and how trait spectra respond to broad-scale environmental gradients remains largely unexplored. Here, we identify the main trait spectra for US angiosperm trees by testing hypotheses for the relationships between functional traits and species' environmental tolerances to environmental stresses, as well as quantifying the environmental drivers of assemblage means and variances of these traits. We analyzed >74,000 community assemblages from the US Forest Inventory and Analysis using 12 functional traits, five traits expressing species' environmental tolerances and 10 environmental variables. Results indicated that leaf traits, dispersal traits, and traits related to stem hydraulics were related to cold or drought tolerance, and their assemblage means were best explained by minimum temperatures. Assemblage means of traits related to shade tolerance (tree growth rate, leaf phosphorus content, and bark thickness) were best explained by aridity index. Surprisingly, aridity index, rather than minimum temperature, was the best predictors of assemblage variances of most traits, although these relationships were variable and weak overall. We conclude that temperature is likely to be the most important driver of functional community structure of North American angiosperm trees by selecting for optimum strategies along the cold and drought stress trade-off. In turn, water availability primarily affects traits related to shade tolerance through its effect on forest canopy structure and vegetation openness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irena Šímová
- Center for Theoretical StudyCharles UniversityPrahaCzech Republic
- Department of EcologyFaculty of ScienceCharles UniversityPrahaCzech Republic
| | - Marta Rueda
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCAUSA
- Department of Conservation BiologyEstación Biológica de Doñana (EBD‐CSIC)SevillaSpain
| | - Bradford A. Hawkins
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCAUSA
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23
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Tang XL, Zhou BZ, Zhou Y, Ni X, Cao YH, Gu LH. [Photo-physiological and photo-biochemical characteristics of several herbaceous and woody species based on FvCB model]. Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao 2017; 28:1482-1488. [PMID: 29745183 DOI: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.201705.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
To explore the photosynthetic capacity and the leaf photosynthetic apparatus for plants with different life forms, CO2 response curves of 7 woody species and 4 herbaceous species were fitted by the modified rectangular hyperbolic model and the FvCB model, and the photosynthetic parameters, including maximum net photosynthetic rate (Pn max), maximal Rubisco carboxylation rate (Vc max), maximal electron transport rate (Jmax), day respiration (Rd), and mesophyll resistance to CO2 transport (rm), were compared among different woody species, among different herbaceous species, and between woody and herbaceous life-forms, respectively. The results showed Pn max of seven woody species descended in the order of Sapium sebiferum and Boehmeria nivea > Machilus pingii and Pittosporum tobira > Cyclobalanopsis glauca, Castanopsis sclerophylla, and Quercus nuttallii. Vc max of S. sebiferum, B. nivea, M. pingii, and P. tobira was significantly higher than that of C. glauca and C. sclerophylla. Jmax of woody species was in descending order as S. sebiferum > B. nivea and P. tobira > Q. nuttallii, C. sclerophylla, and C. glauca. rm of M. pingii and C. sclerophylla was higher than that of S. sebiferum, P. tobira and B. nivea. Pn max of Phytolacca acinosa was significantly higher than that of Ageratum conyzoides and Achyranthes aspera. There was no significant difference in Vc max among 4 herbaceous species. Jmax of P. acinosa was higher than that of A. conyzoides. rm of S. nigrum and A. aspera was higher than that of A. conyzoides. Rd of P. acinosa was higher than that of A. conyzoides and A. aspera. The photosynthetic parameters (Pn max, Vc max, Jmax and rm) of woody species were significantly higher than those of herbaceous species, but no significant difference was found in Rd between woody and herbaceous species. In conclusion, the difference in photosynthetic capacity among different species and between the two plant life-forms resulted from the difference in Rubisco carboxylation capacity, electron transport capacity, and mesophyll resistance among these species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Lin Tang
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 311400, China.,Qianjiangyuan Forest Ecosystem Research Station, State Forestry Administration, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Ben Zhi Zhou
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 311400, China.,Qianjiangyuan Forest Ecosystem Research Station, State Forestry Administration, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Xin'anjiang Forest Center, Jiande 311600, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xia Ni
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 311400, China.,Qianjiangyuan Forest Ecosystem Research Station, State Forestry Administration, Hangzhou 311400, China.,College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yong Hui Cao
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 311400, China.,Qianjiangyuan Forest Ecosystem Research Station, State Forestry Administration, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Lian Hong Gu
- Institute of Climate Change, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
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24
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Stacy EA, Paritosh B, Johnson MA, Price DK. Incipient ecological speciation between successional varieties of a dominant tree involves intrinsic postzygotic isolating barriers. Ecol Evol 2017; 7:2501-2512. [PMID: 28428842 PMCID: PMC5395442 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Whereas disruptive selection imposed by heterogeneous environments can lead to the evolution of extrinsic isolating barriers between diverging populations, the evolution of intrinsic postzygotic barriers through divergent selection is less certain. Long-lived species such as trees may be especially slow to evolve intrinsic isolating barriers. We examined postpollination reproductive isolating barriers below the species boundary, in an ephemeral hybrid zone between two successional varieties of the landscape-dominant Hawaiian tree, Metrosideros polymorpha, on volcanically active Hawai'i Island. These archipelago-wide sympatric varieties show the weakest neutral genetic divergence of any taxon pair on Hawai'i Island but significant morphological and ecological differentiation consistent with adaptation to new and old lava flows. Cross-fertility between varieties was high and included heterosis of F1 hybrids at the seed germination stage, consistent with a substantial genetic load apparent within varieties through low self-fertility and a lack of self-pollen discrimination. However, a partial, but significant, barrier was observed in the form of reduced female and male fertility of hybrids, especially backcross hybrids, consistent with the accumulation of genetic incompatibilities between varieties. These results suggest that partial intrinsic postzygotic barriers can arise through disruptive selection acting on large, hybridizing populations of a long-lived species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Stacy
- Department of Biology University of Hawai'i Hilo Hilo HI USA.,Tropical Conservation Biology and Environmental Science Graduate Program University of Hawai'i Hilo Hilo HI USA.,Present address: School of Life Sciences University of Nevada, Las Vegas 4505 S Maryland Pkwy Las Vegas NV 89154 USA
| | - Bhama Paritosh
- Department of Biology University of Hawai'i Hilo Hilo HI USA
| | - Melissa A Johnson
- Tropical Conservation Biology and Environmental Science Graduate Program University of Hawai'i Hilo Hilo HI USA.,Present address: Department of Botany Claremont Graduate University, Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden 1500 N. College Ave. Claremont CA 91711 USA
| | - Donald K Price
- Department of Biology University of Hawai'i Hilo Hilo HI USA.,Tropical Conservation Biology and Environmental Science Graduate Program University of Hawai'i Hilo Hilo HI USA.,Present address: School of Life Sciences University of Nevada, Las Vegas 4505 S Maryland Pkwy Las Vegas NV 89154 USA
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25
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Huang G, Rymer PD, Duan H, Smith RA, Tissue DT. Elevated temperature is more effective than elevated [CO2 ] in exposing genotypic variation in Telopea speciosissima growth plasticity: implications for woody plant populations under climate change. Glob Chang Biol 2015; 21:3800-13. [PMID: 26033432 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.12990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Intraspecific variation in phenotypic plasticity is a critical determinant of plant species capacity to cope with climate change. A long-standing hypothesis states that greater levels of environmental variability will select for genotypes with greater phenotypic plasticity. However, few studies have examined how genotypes of woody species originating from contrasting environments respond to multiple climate change factors. Here, we investigated the main and interactive effects of elevated [CO2 ] (CE ) and elevated temperature (TE ) on growth and physiology of Coastal (warmer, less variable temperature environment) and Upland (cooler, more variable temperature environment) genotypes of an Australian woody species Telopea speciosissima. Both genotypes were positively responsive to CE (35% and 29% increase in whole-plant dry mass and leaf area, respectively), but only the Coastal genotype exhibited positive growth responses to TE . We found that the Coastal genotype exhibited greater growth response to TE (47% and 85% increase in whole-plant dry mass and leaf area, respectively) when compared with the Upland genotype (no change in dry mass or leaf area). No intraspecific variation in physiological plasticity was detected under CE or TE , and the interactive effects of CE and TE on intraspecific variation in phenotypic plasticity were also largely absent. Overall, TE was a more effective climate factor than CE in exposing genotypic variation in our woody species. Our results contradict the paradigm that genotypes from more variable climates will exhibit greater phenotypic plasticity in future climate regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guomin Huang
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, University of Western Sydney, Richmond, NSW, 2753, Australia
| | - Paul D Rymer
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, University of Western Sydney, Richmond, NSW, 2753, Australia
| | - Honglang Duan
- Institute of Ecology & Environmental Science, Nanchang Institute of Technology, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330099, China
| | - Renee A Smith
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, University of Western Sydney, Richmond, NSW, 2753, Australia
| | - David T Tissue
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, University of Western Sydney, Richmond, NSW, 2753, Australia
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26
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Brandt R, Mathez-Stiefel SL, Lachmuth S, Hensen I, Rist S. Knowledge and valuation of Andean agroforestry species: the role of sex, age, and migration among members of a rural community in Bolivia. J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 2013; 9:83. [PMID: 24359597 PMCID: PMC4120936 DOI: 10.1186/1746-4269-9-83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Agroforestry is a sustainable land use method with a long tradition in the Bolivian Andes. A better understanding of people’s knowledge and valuation of woody species can help to adjust actor-oriented agroforestry systems. In this case study, carried out in a peasant community of the Bolivian Andes, we aimed at calculating the cultural importance of selected agroforestry species, and at analysing the intracultural variation in the cultural importance and knowledge of plants according to peasants’ sex, age, and migration. METHODS Data collection was based on semi-structured interviews and freelisting exercises. Two ethnobotanical indices (Composite Salience, Cultural Importance) were used for calculating the cultural importance of plants. Intracultural variation in the cultural importance and knowledge of plants was detected by using linear and generalised linear (mixed) models. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The culturally most important woody species were mainly trees and exotic species (e.g.Schinus molle, Prosopis laevigata, Eucalyptus globulus). We found that knowledge and valuation of plants increased with age but that they were lower for migrants; sex, by contrast, played a minor role. The age effects possibly result from decreasing ecological apparency of valuable native species, and their substitution by exotic marketable trees,loss of traditional plant uses or the use of other materials (e.g. plastic) instead of wood. Decreasing dedication to traditional farming may have led to successive abandonment of traditional tool uses, and the overall transformation of woody plant use is possibly related to diminishing medicinal knowledge. CONCLUSIONS Age and migration affect how people value woody species and what they know about their uses.For this reason, we recommend paying particular attention to the potential of native species, which could open promising perspectives especially for the young migrating peasant generation and draw their interest in agroforestry. These native species should be ecologically sound and selected on their potential to provide subsistence and promising commercial uses. In addition to offering socio-economic and environmental services,agroforestry initiatives using native trees and shrubs can play a crucial role in recovering elements of the lost ancient landscape that still forms part of local people’s collective identity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regine Brandt
- Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin-Luther-University, Am
Kirchtor 1, 06108 Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Sarah-Lan Mathez-Stiefel
- Centre for Development and Environment (CDE), University of Bern, Hallerstrasse
10, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Susanne Lachmuth
- Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin-Luther-University, Am
Kirchtor 1, 06108 Halle/Saale, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig,
Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Isabell Hensen
- Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin-Luther-University, Am
Kirchtor 1, 06108 Halle/Saale, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig,
Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stephan Rist
- Centre for Development and Environment (CDE), University of Bern, Hallerstrasse
10, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
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27
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Parolin P. Submerged in darkness: adaptations to prolonged submergence by woody species of the Amazonian floodplains. Ann Bot 2009; 103:359-76. [PMID: 19001429 PMCID: PMC2707320 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcn216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2008] [Revised: 06/02/2008] [Accepted: 09/01/2008] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Amazonian floodplain forests, >1000 tree species grow in an environment subject to extended annual submergence which can last up to 9 months each year. Water depth can reach 10 m, fully submerging young and also adult trees, most of which reproduce during the flood season. Complete submergence occurs regularly at the seedling or sapling stage for many species that colonize low-lying positions in the flooding gradient. Here hypoxic conditions prevail close to the water surface in moving water, while anaerobic conditions are common in stagnant pools. Light intensities in the floodwater are very low. QUESTIONS AND AIMS Despite a lack of both oxygen and light imposed by submergence for several months, most leafed seedlings survive. Furthermore, underwater growth has also been observed in several species in the field and under experimental conditions. The present article assesses how these remarkable plants react to submergence and discusses physiological mechanisms and anatomical adaptations that may explain their success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia Parolin
- Max-Planck-Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Tropical Ecology, PO Box 165, D-24302 Plön, Germany.
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28
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Saura-Mas S, Lloret F. Leaf and shoot water content and leaf dry matter content of Mediterranean woody species with different post-fire regenerative strategies. Ann Bot 2007; 99:545-54. [PMID: 17237213 PMCID: PMC2802959 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcl284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2006] [Accepted: 11/15/2006] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Post-fire regeneration is a key process in Mediterranean shrubland dynamics, strongly determining the functional properties of the community. In this study, a test is carried out to determine whether there is co-variation between species regenerative types and functional attributes related to water use. METHODS An analysis was made of the seasonal variations in leaf relative water content (RWC), leaf dry matter content (LDMC), leaf moisture (LM) and live fine fuel moisture (LFFM) in 30 woody species of a coastal shrubland, with different post-fire regenerative strategies (seeding, resprouting or both). KEY RESULTS RWC results suggest that the studied resprouters have more efficient mechanisms to reduce water losses and maintain water supply between seasons. In contrast, seeders are more drought tolerant. LDMC is higher in resprouters over the course of the year, suggesting a more efficient conservation of nutrients. The weight of the phylogenetic constraint to understand differences between regenerative strategies tends to be important for LDMC, while it is not the case for variables such as RWC. CONCLUSIONS Groups of species with different post-fire regenerative strategies (seeders and resprouters) have different functional traits related to water use. In addition to the role of phylogenetical constraints, these differences are also likely to be related to the respective life history characteristics. Therefore, the presence and abundance of species with different post-fire regenerative responses influence the functional properties of the communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Saura-Mas
- CREAF (Center for Ecological Research and Forestry Applications) and Unit of Ecology, Department of Animal and Plant Biology and Ecology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
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29
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PONS THIJSL, de JONG-VAN BERKEL YVONNEEM. Species-specific variation in the importance of the spectral quality gradient in canopies as a signal for photosynthetic resource partitioning. Ann Bot 2004; 94:725-32. [PMID: 15374835 PMCID: PMC4242218 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mch197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2004] [Revised: 07/13/2004] [Accepted: 08/04/2004] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Plants adjust the distribution of photosynthetic capacity and chlorophyll to canopy density. The importance of the gradient in the red : far-red ratio (R : FR) relative to the irradiance gradient was studied for its perception with respect to this partitioning of photosynthetic resources. Whether the relative importance of these two signals varied between six species of different growth habit (Phaseolus vulgaris, Lysimachia vulgaris, Hedera helix, Ficus benjamina, Carex acutiformis and Brachypodium pinnatum) was investigated further. METHODS Single leaves of plants were shaded in daylight by a spectrally neutral filter or a leaf. In another experiment, leaves were treated with supplemental FR. In most cases, treatment effects were evaluated after 2 weeks. KEY RESULTS Nitrogen and photosynthetic capacity (Amax) per leaf area, parameters pertaining to between-leaf resource partitioning, were strongly reduced in neutral shade but not additionally by spectral leaf shade. Supplemental FR reduced these parameters also, except in Carex. Acceleration of induction of senescence was observed in spectral leaf shade in primary bean leaves. Amax per unit chlorophyll, a parameter pertaining to within-leaf resource partitioning, was reduced in neutral shade, but not in spectral leaf shade or supplemental FR. CONCLUSIONS Signalling mechanisms associated with perception of the R : FR gradient in canopies were less important than those associated with the irradiance gradient for between-leaf and within-leaf partitioning of photosynthetic resources. The relative importance of the signals differed between species because Carex was the only species for which no indications were found for an involvement of the spectral gradient in perception of canopy density.
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Affiliation(s)
- THIJS L. PONS
- Department of Plant Ecophysiology, Utrecht University, PO Box 800.84, NL-3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands
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30
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Mediavilla S, Escudero A. Photosynthetic capacity, integrated over the lifetime of a leaf, is predicted to be independent of leaf longevity in some tree species. New Phytol 2003; 159:203-211. [PMID: 33873668 DOI: 10.1046/j.1469-8137.2003.00798.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
• The relationships between leaf longevity and the average photosynthetic capacity of the different leaf age-classes present in the crown were studied in several tree species to understand the effects of the differences in leaf longevity on the final C budget of the leaves. • Photosynthetic capacity per unit leaf mass (A/mass) was measured in leaves of all age classes present in the crown. Demographic analyses were conducted to establish the age structure of the leaf populations. With these data we estimated the average A/mass of the whole leaf population, weighted by the mass of leaves present in each age class. • A/mass decreased in all the evergreen species as the leaves aged. As a result, the assimilation rates averaged over all leaf age classes in species with greater leaf longevity were much lower than assimilation rates of young foliage, and the average rate of assimilation decreased with the increase in leaf life span of the different species. • The reduction in the average assimilation rates with the increase in leaf life span was proportional to the increase in leaf longevity. With these results it may be predicted that CO2 assimilation integrated over the lifetime of the leaf should be independent of leaf longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Mediavilla
- Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Salamanca, 37071 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Alfonso Escudero
- Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Salamanca, 37071 Salamanca, Spain
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