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Wittemann M, Mujawamariya M, Ntirugulirwa B, Uwizeye FK, Zibera E, Manzi OJL, Nsabimana D, Wallin G, Uddling J. Plasticity and implications of water-use traits in contrasting tropical tree species under climate change. Physiol Plant 2024; 176:e14326. [PMID: 38708565 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Plants face a trade-off between hydraulic safety and growth, leading to a range of water-use strategies in different species. However, little is known about such strategies in tropical trees and whether different water-use traits can acclimate to warming. We studied five water-use traits in 20 tropical tree species grown at three different altitudes in Rwanda (RwandaTREE): stomatal conductance (gs), leaf minimum conductance (gmin), plant hydraulic conductance (Kplant), leaf osmotic potential (ψo) and net defoliation during drought. We also explored the links between these traits and growth and mortality data. Late successional (LS) species had low Kplant, gs and gmin and, thus, low water loss, while low ψo helped improve leaf water status during drought. Early successional (ES) species, on the contrary, used more water during both moist and dry conditions and exhibited pronounced drought defoliation. The ES strategy was associated with lower mortality and more pronounced growth enhancement at the warmer sites compared to LS species. While Kplant and gmin showed downward acclimation in warmer climates, ψo did not acclimate and gs measured at prevailing temperature did not change. Due to distinctly different water use strategies between successional groups, ES species may be better equipped for a warmer climate as long as defoliation can bridge drought periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Wittemann
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Myriam Mujawamariya
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Bonaventure Ntirugulirwa
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda
- Rwanda Agriculture and Animal Resources Development Board (RAB), Kigali, Rwanda
- Rwanda Forestry Authority, Muhanga, Rwanda
| | - Felicien K Uwizeye
- School of Forestry and Biodiversity and Biological Sciences, College of Agriculture, Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Rwanda, Musanze, Rwanda
| | - Etienne Zibera
- School of Forestry and Biodiversity and Biological Sciences, College of Agriculture, Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Rwanda, Musanze, Rwanda
| | - Olivier Jean Leonce Manzi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Integrated Polytechnic Regional College-Kitabi, Rwanda Polytechnic, Huye, Rwanda
| | - Donat Nsabimana
- School of Forestry and Biodiversity and Biological Sciences, College of Agriculture, Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Rwanda, Musanze, Rwanda
| | - Göran Wallin
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Johan Uddling
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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2
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Cox AJF, Hartley IP, Meir P, Sitch S, Dusenge ME, Restrepo Z, González-Caro S, Villegas JC, Uddling J, Mercado LM. Acclimation of photosynthetic capacity and foliar respiration in Andean tree species to temperature change. New Phytol 2023; 238:2329-2344. [PMID: 36987979 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Climate warming is causing compositional changes in Andean tropical montane forests (TMFs). These shifts are hypothesised to result from differential responses to warming of cold- and warm-affiliated species, with the former experiencing mortality and the latter migrating upslope. The thermal acclimation potential of Andean TMFs remains unknown. Along a 2000 m Andean altitudinal gradient, we planted individuals of cold- and warm-affiliated species (under common soil and irrigation), exposing them to the hot and cold extremes of their thermal niches, respectively. We measured the response of net photosynthesis (Anet ), photosynthetic capacity and leaf dark respiration (Rdark ) to warming/cooling, 5 months after planting. In all species, Anet and photosynthetic capacity at 25°C were highest when growing at growth temperatures (Tg ) closest to their thermal means, declining with warming and cooling in cold-affiliated and warm-affiliated species, respectively. When expressed at Tg , photosynthetic capacity and Rdark remained unchanged in cold-affiliated species, but the latter decreased in warm-affiliated counterparts. Rdark at 25°C increased with temperature in all species, but remained unchanged when expressed at Tg . Both species groups acclimated to temperature, but only warm-affiliated species decreased Rdark to photosynthetic capacity ratio at Tg as temperature increased. This could confer them a competitive advantage under future warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J F Cox
- Geography, Faculty of Environment, Science and Economy, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4RKJ, UK
| | - Iain P Hartley
- Geography, Faculty of Environment, Science and Economy, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4RKJ, UK
| | - Patrick Meir
- School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3JN, UK
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Stephen Sitch
- Geography, Faculty of Environment, Science and Economy, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4RKJ, UK
| | - Mirindi Eric Dusenge
- Geography, Faculty of Environment, Science and Economy, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4RKJ, UK
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 461, Gothenburg, SE-405 30, Sweden
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Zorayda Restrepo
- Grupo de Investigación en Ecología Aplicada, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Crowmarsh-Gifford, Wallingford, OX10 8BB, UK
| | - Sebastian González-Caro
- Geography, Faculty of Environment, Science and Economy, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4RKJ, UK
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Crowmarsh-Gifford, Wallingford, OX10 8BB, UK
| | - Juan Camilo Villegas
- Grupo de Investigación en Ecología Aplicada, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Johan Uddling
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 461, Gothenburg, SE-405 30, Sweden
| | - Lina M Mercado
- Geography, Faculty of Environment, Science and Economy, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4RKJ, UK
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Crowmarsh-Gifford, Wallingford, OX10 8BB, UK
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3
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Xu Y, Feng Z, Peng J, Uddling J. Variations in leaf anatomical characteristics drive the decrease of mesophyll conductance in poplar under elevated ozone. Glob Chang Biol 2023; 29:2804-2823. [PMID: 36718962 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Decline in mesophyll conductance (gm ) plays a key role in limiting photosynthesis in plants exposed to elevated ozone (O3 ). Leaf anatomical traits are known to influence gm , but the potential effects of O3 -induced changes in leaf anatomy on gm have not yet been clarified. Here, two poplar clones were exposed to elevated O3 . The effects of O3 on the photosynthetic capacity and anatomical characteristics were assessed to investigate the leaf anatomical properties that potentially affect gm . We also conducted global meta-analysis to explore the general response patterns of gm and leaf anatomy to O3 exposure. We found that the O3 -induced reduction in gm was critical in limiting leaf photosynthesis. Changes in liquid-phase conductance rather than gas-phase conductance drive the decline in gm under elevated O3, and this effect was associated with thicker cell walls and smaller chloroplast sizes. The effects of O3 on palisade and spongy mesophyll cell traits and their contributions to gm were highly genotype-dependent. Our results suggest that, while anatomical adjustments under elevated O3 may contribute to defense against O3 stress, they also cause declines in gm and photosynthesis. These results provide the first evidence of anatomical constraints on gm under elevated O3 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Yansen Xu
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Carbon Source and Sink, China Meteorological Administration (ECSS-CMA),School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhaozhong Feng
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Carbon Source and Sink, China Meteorological Administration (ECSS-CMA),School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinlong Peng
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Johan Uddling
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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4
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Mujawamariya M, Wittemann M, Dusenge ME, Manishimwe A, Ntirugulirwa B, Zibera E, Nsabimana D, Wallin G, Uddling J. Contrasting warming responses of photosynthesis in early- and late-successional tropical trees. Tree Physiol 2023:tpad035. [PMID: 36971469 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpad035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The productivity and climate feedbacks of tropical forests depend on tree physiological responses to warmer and, over large areas, seasonally drier conditions. However, knowledge regarding such responses is limited due to data scarcity. We studied the impact of growth temperature on net photosynthesis (An), maximum rates of Rubisco carboxylation at 25°C (Vcmax25), stomatal conductance (gs) and the slope parameter of the stomatal conductance-photosynthesis model (g1), in ten early- (ES) and eight late-successional (LS) tropical tree species grown at three sites along an elevation gradient in Rwanda, differing by 6.8°C in daytime ambient air temperature. The effect of seasonal drought on An was also investigated. We found that warm climate decreased wet-season An in LS species, but not in ES species. Values of Vcmax25 were lower at the warmest site across both successional groups, and An and Vcmax25 were higher in ES compared to LS species. Stomatal conductance exhibited no significant site differences and g1 was similar across both sites and successional groups. Drought strongly reduced An at warmer sites but not at the coolest montane site and this response was similar in both ES and LS species. Our results suggest that warming has negative effects on leaf-level photosynthesis in LS species, while both LS and ES species suffer photosynthesis declines in a warmer climate with more pronounced droughts. The contrasting responses of An between successional groups may lead to shifts in species' competitive balance in a warmer world, to the disadvantage of LS trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Mujawamariya
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, University of Rwanda, Avenue de l'Armée, Kigali P.O.Box 3900, Rwanda
- Center of Excellence in Biodiversity Conservation and Natural Resources Management, College of Science and Technology, University of Rwanda, Avenue de l'Armée, Kigali P.O.Box 3900, Rwanda
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, P.O. Box 461, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Maria Wittemann
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, P.O. Box 461, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mirindi Eric Dusenge
- Western Center for Climate Change, Sustainable Livelihoods and Health, Department of Geography, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4RJ, United Kingdom
| | - Aloysie Manishimwe
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, University of Rwanda, Avenue de l'Armée, Kigali P.O.Box 3900, Rwanda
- Center of Excellence in Biodiversity Conservation and Natural Resources Management, College of Science and Technology, University of Rwanda, Avenue de l'Armée, Kigali P.O.Box 3900, Rwanda
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, P.O. Box 461, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Bonaventure Ntirugulirwa
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, University of Rwanda, Avenue de l'Armée, Kigali P.O.Box 3900, Rwanda
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, P.O. Box 461, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Rwanda Forestry Authority, Muhanga P.O. Box 46, Rwanda
| | - Etienne Zibera
- School of Forestry and Biodiversity, College of Agriculture, Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Rwanda, Musanze P.O. Box 210, Rwanda
| | - Donat Nsabimana
- Center of Excellence in Biodiversity Conservation and Natural Resources Management, College of Science and Technology, University of Rwanda, Avenue de l'Armée, Kigali P.O.Box 3900, Rwanda
- School of Forestry and Biodiversity, College of Agriculture, Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Rwanda, Musanze P.O. Box 210, Rwanda
| | - Göran Wallin
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, P.O. Box 461, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QY, United Kingdom
| | - Johan Uddling
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, P.O. Box 461, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
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5
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Gardner A, Jiang M, Ellsworth DS, MacKenzie AR, Pritchard J, Bader MKF, Barton CVM, Bernacchi C, Calfapietra C, Crous KY, Dusenge ME, Gimeno TE, Hall M, Lamba S, Leuzinger S, Uddling J, Warren J, Wallin G, Medlyn BE. Optimal stomatal theory predicts CO 2 responses of stomatal conductance in both gymnosperm and angiosperm trees. New Phytol 2023; 237:1229-1241. [PMID: 36373000 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Optimal stomatal theory predicts that stomata operate to maximise photosynthesis (Anet ) and minimise transpirational water loss to achieve optimal intrinsic water-use efficiency (iWUE). We tested whether this theory can predict stomatal responses to elevated atmospheric CO2 (eCO2 ), and whether it can capture differences in responsiveness among woody plant functional types (PFTs). We conducted a meta-analysis of tree studies of the effect of eCO2 on iWUE and its components Anet and stomatal conductance (gs ). We compared three PFTs, using the unified stomatal optimisation (USO) model to account for confounding effects of leaf-air vapour pressure difference (D). We expected smaller gs , but greater Anet , responses to eCO2 in gymnosperms compared with angiosperm PFTs. We found that iWUE increased in proportion to increasing eCO2 in all PFTs, and that increases in Anet had stronger effects than reductions in gs . The USO model correctly captured stomatal behaviour with eCO2 across most datasets. The chief difference among PFTs was a lower stomatal slope parameter (g1 ) for the gymnosperm, compared with angiosperm, species. Land surface models can use the USO model to describe stomatal behaviour under changing atmospheric CO2 conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Gardner
- Birmingham Institute of Forest Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, UK
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Mingkai Jiang
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Rd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - David S Ellsworth
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - A Robert MacKenzie
- Birmingham Institute of Forest Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, UK
- School of Geography, Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Jeremy Pritchard
- Birmingham Institute of Forest Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, UK
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, UK
| | | | - Craig V M Barton
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Carl Bernacchi
- USDA-ARS Global Change and Photosynthesis Research Unit, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Carlo Calfapietra
- Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Porano, 05010, Italy
| | - Kristine Y Crous
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Mirindi Eric Dusenge
- Western Centre for Climate Change, Sustainable Livelihoods and Health, Department of Geography, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5C2, Canada
| | - Teresa E Gimeno
- CREAF, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Catalonia, 08193, Spain
- Basque Centre for Climate Change (BC3), Leioa, 48940, Spain
| | - Marianne Hall
- Centre for Environmental and Climate Science, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, Lund, 223 62, Sweden
| | - Shubhangi Lamba
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 461, Gothenburg, 40530, Sweden
| | - Sebastian Leuzinger
- Auckland University of Technology, Institute of Earth and Oceanic Sciences, School of Applied Sciences, Private Bag 92006 (Mail No C-43), Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Johan Uddling
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 461, Gothenburg, 40530, Sweden
| | - Jeffrey Warren
- Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Göran Wallin
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 461, Gothenburg, 40530, Sweden
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QY, UK
| | - Belinda E Medlyn
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
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6
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Ellsworth DS, Crous KY, De Kauwe MG, Verryckt LT, Goll D, Zaehle S, Bloomfield KJ, Ciais P, Cernusak LA, Domingues TF, Dusenge ME, Garcia S, Guerrieri R, Ishida FY, Janssens IA, Kenzo T, Ichie T, Medlyn BE, Meir P, Norby RJ, Reich PB, Rowland L, Santiago LS, Sun Y, Uddling J, Walker AP, Weerasinghe KWLK, van de Weg MJ, Zhang YB, Zhang JL, Wright IJ. Convergence in phosphorus constraints to photosynthesis in forests around the world. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5005. [PMID: 36008385 PMCID: PMC9411118 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32545-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Tropical forests take up more carbon (C) from the atmosphere per annum by photosynthesis than any other type of vegetation. Phosphorus (P) limitations to C uptake are paramount for tropical and subtropical forests around the globe. Yet the generality of photosynthesis-P relationships underlying these limitations are in question, and hence are not represented well in terrestrial biosphere models. Here we demonstrate the dependence of photosynthesis and underlying processes on both leaf N and P concentrations. The regulation of photosynthetic capacity by P was similar across four continents. Implementing P constraints in the ORCHIDEE-CNP model, gross photosynthesis was reduced by 36% across the tropics and subtropics relative to traditional N constraints and unlimiting leaf P. Our results provide a quantitative relationship for the P dependence for photosynthesis for the front-end of global terrestrial C models that is consistent with canopy leaf measurements. Phosphorus (P) limitation is pervasive in tropical forests. Here the authors analyse the dependence of photosynthesis on leaf N and P in tropical forests, and show that incorporating leaf P constraints in a terrestrial biosphere model enhances its predictive power.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Ellsworth
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia.
| | - Kristine Y Crous
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Martin G De Kauwe
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,ARC Centre of Excellence for Climate Extremes, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Lore T Verryckt
- Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Daniel Goll
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement (LSCE), Institut Pierre Simon Laplace, CEA/CNRS/Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines/ Université de Paris Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.,Lehrstuhl für Physische Geographie mit Schwerpunkt Klimaforschung, Universität Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Sönke Zaehle
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Philippe Ciais
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement (LSCE), Institut Pierre Simon Laplace, CEA/CNRS/Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines/ Université de Paris Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Lucas A Cernusak
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, Australia
| | - Tomas F Domingues
- Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Depto. de Biologia, Universidade de São Paulo-Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Mirindi Eric Dusenge
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Sabrina Garcia
- National Institute of Amazonian Research (INPA), Manaus, Brazil
| | - Rossella Guerrieri
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - F Yoko Ishida
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, Australia
| | - Ivan A Janssens
- Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Tanaka Kenzo
- Japan International Research Centre for Agricultural Sciences, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Ichie
- Faculty of Agriculture and Marine Science, Kochi University, Kochi, Japan
| | - Belinda E Medlyn
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Patrick Meir
- Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia.,School of Geosciences, Edinburgh University, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Richard J Norby
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Peter B Reich
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia.,Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA.,Institute for Global Change Biology, and School for the Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, US
| | - Lucy Rowland
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Louis S Santiago
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Yan Sun
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement (LSCE), Institut Pierre Simon Laplace, CEA/CNRS/Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines/ Université de Paris Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.,College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Johan Uddling
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anthony P Walker
- Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | | | | | - Yun-Bing Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan, China
| | - Jiao-Lin Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan, China
| | - Ian J Wright
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia.,Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, Australia
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7
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Wittemann M, Andersson MX, Ntirugulirwa B, Tarvainen L, Wallin G, Uddling J. Temperature acclimation of net photosynthesis and its underlying component processes in four tropical tree species. Tree Physiol 2022; 42:1188-1202. [PMID: 35038330 PMCID: PMC9190752 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpac002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The effect of temperature change on leaf physiology has been extensively studied in temperate trees and to some extent in boreal and tropical tree species. While increased temperature typically stimulates leaf CO2 assimilation and tree growth in high-altitude ecosystems, tropical species are often negatively affected. These trees may operate close to their temperature optima and have a limited thermal acclimation capacity due to low seasonal and historical variation in temperature. To test this hypothesis, we studied the extent to which the temperature sensitivities of leaf photosynthesis and respiration acclimate to growth temperature in four common African tropical tree species. Tree seedlings native to different altitudes and therefore adapted to different growth temperatures were cultivated at three different temperatures in climate-controlled chambers. We estimated the acclimation capacity of the temperature sensitivities of light-saturated net photosynthesis, the maximum rates of Rubisco carboxylation (Vcmax) and thylakoid electron transport (J), and dark respiration. Leaf thylakoid membrane lipid composition, nitrogen content and leaf mass per area were also analyzed. Our results showed that photosynthesis in tropical tree species acclimated to higher growth temperatures, but that this was weakest in the species originating from the coolest climate. The temperature optimum of J acclimated significantly in three species and variation in J was linked to changes in the thylakoid membrane lipid composition. For Vcmax, there was only evidence of significant acclimation of optimal temperature in the lowest elevation species. Respiration acclimated to maintain homeostasis at growth temperature in all four species. Our results suggest that the lowest elevation species is better physiologically adapted to acclimate to high growth temperatures than the highest elevation species, indicating a potential shift in competitive balance and tree community composition to the disadvantage of montane tree species in a warmer world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Wittemann
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 461, Gothenburg SE-405 30, Sweden
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre (GGBC), University of Gothenburg, PO Box 461, Gothenburg SE-405 30, Sweden
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, University of Rwanda, University Avenue, PO Box 117, Huye, Rwanda
| | - Mats X Andersson
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 461, Gothenburg SE-405 30, Sweden
| | - Bonaventure Ntirugulirwa
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 461, Gothenburg SE-405 30, Sweden
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, University of Rwanda, University Avenue, PO Box 117, Huye, Rwanda
- Rwanda Agriculture and Resources Development Board (RAB), PO Box 5016, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Lasse Tarvainen
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 461, Gothenburg SE-405 30, Sweden
| | - Göran Wallin
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 461, Gothenburg SE-405 30, Sweden
| | - Johan Uddling
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 461, Gothenburg SE-405 30, Sweden
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre (GGBC), University of Gothenburg, PO Box 461, Gothenburg SE-405 30, Sweden
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8
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Crous KY, Uddling J, De Kauwe MG. Temperature responses of photosynthesis and respiration in evergreen trees from boreal to tropical latitudes. New Phytol 2022; 234:353-374. [PMID: 35007351 PMCID: PMC9994441 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Evergreen species are widespread across the globe, representing two major plant functional forms in terrestrial models. We reviewed and analysed the responses of photosynthesis and respiration to warming in 101 evergreen species from boreal to tropical biomes. Summertime temperatures affected both latitudinal gas exchange rates and the degree of responsiveness to experimental warming. The decrease in net photosynthesis at 25°C (Anet25 ) was larger with warming in tropical climates than cooler ones. Respiration at 25°C (R25 ) was reduced by 14% in response to warming across species and biomes. Gymnosperms were more sensitive to greater amounts of warming than broadleaved evergreens, with Anet25 and R25 reduced c. 30-40% with > 10°C warming. While standardised rates of carboxylation (Vcmax25 ) and electron transport (Jmax25 ) adjusted to warming, the magnitude of this adjustment was not related to warming amount (range 0.6-16°C). The temperature optimum of photosynthesis (ToptA ) increased on average 0.34°C per °C warming. The combination of more constrained acclimation of photosynthesis and increasing respiration rates with warming could possibly result in a reduced carbon sink in future warmer climates. The predictable patterns of thermal acclimation across biomes provide a strong basis to improve modelling predictions of the future terrestrial carbon sink with warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine Y. Crous
- Hawkesbury Institute for the EnvironmentWestern Sydney UniversityLocked Bag 1797PenrithNSW2751Australia
| | - Johan Uddling
- Department of Biological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of GothenburgPO Box 461GothenburgSE‐405 30Sweden
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9
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Tarvainen L, Wittemann M, Mujawamariya M, Manishimwe A, Zibera E, Ntirugulirwa B, Ract C, Manzi OJL, Andersson MX, Spetea C, Nsabimana D, Wallin G, Uddling J. Handling the heat - photosynthetic thermal stress in tropical trees. New Phytol 2022; 233:236-250. [PMID: 34655491 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Warming climate increases the risk for harmful leaf temperatures in terrestrial plants, causing heat stress and loss of productivity. The heat sensitivity may be particularly high in equatorial tropical tree species adapted to a thermally stable climate. Thermal thresholds of the photosynthetic system of sun-exposed leaves were investigated in three tropical montane tree species native to Rwanda with different growth and water use strategies (Harungana montana, Syzygium guineense and Entandrophragma exselsum). Measurements of chlorophyll fluorescence, leaf gas exchange, morphology, chemistry and temperature were made at three common gardens along an elevation/temperature gradient. Heat tolerance acclimated to maximum leaf temperature (Tleaf ) across the species. At the warmest sites, the thermal threshold for normal function of photosystem II was exceeded in the species with the highest Tleaf despite their higher heat tolerance. This was not the case in the species with the highest transpiration rates and lowest Tleaf . The results point to two differently effective strategies for managing thermal stress: tolerance through physiological adjustment of leaf osmolality and thylakoid membrane lipid composition, or avoidance through morphological adaptation and transpiratory cooling. More severe photosynthetic heat stress in low-transpiring montane climax species may result in a competitive disadvantage compared to high-transpiring pioneer species with more efficient leaf cooling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lasse Tarvainen
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 461, Gothenburg, SE-405 30, Sweden
| | - Maria Wittemann
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 461, Gothenburg, SE-405 30, Sweden
- Department of Biology, University of Rwanda, University Avenue, PO Box 117, Huye, Rwanda
| | - Myriam Mujawamariya
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 461, Gothenburg, SE-405 30, Sweden
- Department of Biology, University of Rwanda, University Avenue, PO Box 117, Huye, Rwanda
| | - Aloysie Manishimwe
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 461, Gothenburg, SE-405 30, Sweden
- Department of Biology, University of Rwanda, University Avenue, PO Box 117, Huye, Rwanda
| | - Etienne Zibera
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 461, Gothenburg, SE-405 30, Sweden
- Department of Biology, University of Rwanda, University Avenue, PO Box 117, Huye, Rwanda
| | - Bonaventure Ntirugulirwa
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 461, Gothenburg, SE-405 30, Sweden
- Department of Biology, University of Rwanda, University Avenue, PO Box 117, Huye, Rwanda
- Rwanda Agriculture and Animal Development Board, PO Box 5016, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Claire Ract
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 461, Gothenburg, SE-405 30, Sweden
| | - Olivier J L Manzi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 461, Gothenburg, SE-405 30, Sweden
- Department of Biology, University of Rwanda, University Avenue, PO Box 117, Huye, Rwanda
| | - Mats X Andersson
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 461, Gothenburg, SE-405 30, Sweden
| | - Cornelia Spetea
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 461, Gothenburg, SE-405 30, Sweden
| | - Donat Nsabimana
- School of Forestry and Biodiversity and Biological Sciences, University of Rwanda, Busogo, Rwanda
| | - Göran Wallin
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 461, Gothenburg, SE-405 30, Sweden
| | - Johan Uddling
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 461, Gothenburg, SE-405 30, Sweden
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10
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Li P, Feng Z, Shang B, Uddling J. Combining carbon and oxygen isotopic signatures to identify ozone-induced declines in tree water-use efficiency. Tree Physiol 2021; 41:2234-2244. [PMID: 33822226 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpab041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ground-level ozone (O3) pollution affects the plant carbon and water balance, but the relative contributions of impaired photosynthesis and the loss of stomatal functioning to the O3-induced reductions in water-use efficiency (WUE) remain unclear. We combined the leaf stable dual isotopic signatures of carbon (δ13C) and oxygen (δ18O) with related instantaneous gas exchange performance to determine the effects of O3 dose on the net photosynthetic rate (An), stomatal conductance (gs) and intrinsic WUE (iWUE = An/gs) in four tree species (one being a hybrid) exposed to five O3 levels. The iWUE declined for each step increase in O3 level, reflecting progressive loss of the coupling between leaf carbon gain and water loss. In ambient compared with charcoal-filtered air, the decreased iWUE was associated with reductions in both An and gs (i.e., decreased δ13C and increased δ18O). In elevated O3 treatments, however, the iWUE declines were caused by reduced An at constant or increased gs. The results show that the dual isotope approach provides a robust way to gather time-integrated information on how O3 pollution affects leaf gas exchange. Our study highlights that O3-induced decoupling between photosynthesis and stomatal regulation causes large and progressive declines in the WUE of forest trees, demonstrating the need for incorporating this hitherto unaccounted for effect into vegetation models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pin Li
- Research Center for Urban Forestry, Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Forest Ecosystem of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Qinghua East Road 35, Haidian, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhaozhong Feng
- Institute of Ecology, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Ningliu Road 219, Pukou District, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Bo Shang
- Institute of Ecology, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Ningliu Road 219, Pukou District, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Johan Uddling
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
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11
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Dusenge ME, Wittemann M, Mujawamariya M, Ntawuhiganayo EB, Zibera E, Ntirugulirwa B, Way DA, Nsabimana D, Uddling J, Wallin G. Limited thermal acclimation of photosynthesis in tropical montane tree species. Glob Chang Biol 2021; 27:4860-4878. [PMID: 34233063 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The temperature sensitivity of physiological processes and growth of tropical trees remains a key uncertainty in predicting how tropical forests will adjust to future climates. In particular, our knowledge regarding warming responses of photosynthesis, and its underlying biochemical mechanisms, is very limited. We grew seedlings of two tropical montane rainforest tree species, the early-successional species Harungana montana and the late-successional species Syzygium guineense, at three different sites along an elevation gradient, differing by 6.8℃ in daytime ambient air temperature. Their physiological and growth performance was investigated at each site. The optimum temperature of net photosynthesis (ToptA ) did not significantly increase in warm-grown trees in either species. Similarly, the thermal optima (ToptV and ToptJ ) and activation energies (EaV and EaJ ) of maximum Rubisco carboxylation capacity (Vcmax ) and maximum electron transport rate (Jmax ) were largely unaffected by warming. However, Vcmax , Jmax and foliar dark respiration (Rd ) at 25℃ were significantly reduced by warming in both species, and this decline was partly associated with concomitant reduction in total leaf nitrogen content. The ratio of Jmax /Vcmax decreased with increasing leaf temperature for both species, but the ratio at 25℃ was constant across sites. Furthermore, in H. montana, stomatal conductance at 25℃ remained constant across the different temperature treatments, while in S. guineense it increased with warming. Total dry biomass increased with warming in H. montana but remained constant in S. guineense. The biomass allocated to roots, stem and leaves was not affected by warming in H. montana, whereas the biomass allocated to roots significantly increased in S. guineense. Overall, our findings show that in these two tropical montane rainforest tree species, the capacity to acclimate the thermal optimum of photosynthesis is limited while warming-induced reductions in respiration and photosynthetic capacity rates are tightly coupled and linked to responses of leaf nitrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirindi Eric Dusenge
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- School of Forestry, Biodiversity and Biological Sciences, College of Agriculture, Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Rwanda, Musanze, Rwanda
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre (GGBC), University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Maria Wittemann
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre (GGBC), University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, University of Rwanda, Huye, Rwanda
| | - Myriam Mujawamariya
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, University of Rwanda, Huye, Rwanda
| | - Elisée B Ntawuhiganayo
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, University of Rwanda, Huye, Rwanda
- World Agroforestry (ICRAF), Huye, Rwanda
| | - Etienne Zibera
- School of Forestry, Biodiversity and Biological Sciences, College of Agriculture, Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Rwanda, Musanze, Rwanda
| | - Bonaventure Ntirugulirwa
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, University of Rwanda, Huye, Rwanda
- Rwanda Agriculture and Animal Resources Development Board, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Danielle A Way
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Environmental and Climate Sciences Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Donat Nsabimana
- School of Forestry, Biodiversity and Biological Sciences, College of Agriculture, Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Rwanda, Musanze, Rwanda
| | - Johan Uddling
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre (GGBC), University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Göran Wallin
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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12
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Pleijel H, Broberg MC, Uddling J, Kobayashi K. Letter to the editor regarding Pleijel et al. 2019: Ozone sensitivity of wheat in different continents - An addendum. Sci Total Environ 2021; 773:146335. [PMID: 33745751 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Håkan Pleijel
- University of Gothenburg, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, P.O. Box 461, SE-40530 Göteborg, Sweden.
| | - Malin C Broberg
- University of Gothenburg, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, P.O. Box 461, SE-40530 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Johan Uddling
- University of Gothenburg, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, P.O. Box 461, SE-40530 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Kazuhiko Kobayashi
- The University of Tokyo, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Tokyo, Japan
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13
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Mujawamariya M, Wittemann M, Manishimwe A, Ntirugulirwa B, Zibera E, Nsabimana D, Wallin G, Uddling J, Dusenge ME. Complete or overcompensatory thermal acclimation of leaf dark respiration in African tropical trees. New Phytol 2021; 229:2548-2561. [PMID: 33113226 PMCID: PMC7898918 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Tropical climates are getting warmer, with pronounced dry periods in large areas. The productivity and climate feedbacks of future tropical forests depend on the ability of trees to acclimate their physiological processes, such as leaf dark respiration (Rd ), to these new conditions. However, knowledge on this is currently limited due to data scarcity. We studied the impact of growth temperature on Rd and its dependency on net photosynthesis (An ), leaf nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) contents, and leaf mass per unit area (LMA) in 16 early-successional (ES) and late-successional (LS) tropical tree species in multispecies plantations along an elevation gradient (Rwanda TREE project). Moreover, we explored the effect of drought on Rd in one ES and one LS species. Leaf Rd at 20°C decreased at warmer sites, regardless if it was expressed per unit leaf area, mass, N or P. This acclimation resulted in an 8% and a 28% decrease in Rd at prevailing nighttime temperatures in trees at the intermediate and warmest sites, respectively. Moreover, drought reduced Rd , particularly in the ES species and at the coolest site. Thermal acclimation of Rd is complete or overcompensatory and independent of changes in leaf nutrients or LMA in African tropical trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Mujawamariya
- Department of BiologyUniversity of RwandaUniversity AvenuePO Box 117HuyeRwanda
- Department of Biological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of GothenburgPO Box 461GothenburgSE‐405 30Sweden
| | - Maria Wittemann
- Department of BiologyUniversity of RwandaUniversity AvenuePO Box 117HuyeRwanda
- Department of Biological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of GothenburgPO Box 461GothenburgSE‐405 30Sweden
| | - Aloysie Manishimwe
- Department of BiologyUniversity of RwandaUniversity AvenuePO Box 117HuyeRwanda
- Department of Biological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of GothenburgPO Box 461GothenburgSE‐405 30Sweden
| | - Bonaventure Ntirugulirwa
- Department of BiologyUniversity of RwandaUniversity AvenuePO Box 117HuyeRwanda
- Department of Biological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of GothenburgPO Box 461GothenburgSE‐405 30Sweden
- Rwanda Agriculture and Animal Development BoardPO Box 5016KigaliRwanda
| | - Etienne Zibera
- Department of BiologyUniversity of RwandaUniversity AvenuePO Box 117HuyeRwanda
| | - Donat Nsabimana
- School of Forestry and Biodiversity and Biological SciencesUniversity of RwandaBusogoRwanda
| | - Göran Wallin
- Department of Biological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of GothenburgPO Box 461GothenburgSE‐405 30Sweden
| | - Johan Uddling
- Department of Biological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of GothenburgPO Box 461GothenburgSE‐405 30Sweden
| | - Mirindi Eric Dusenge
- Department of BiologyUniversity of RwandaUniversity AvenuePO Box 117HuyeRwanda
- Department of Biological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of GothenburgPO Box 461GothenburgSE‐405 30Sweden
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14
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Ziegler C, Dusenge ME, Nyirambangutse B, Zibera E, Wallin G, Uddling J. Contrasting Dependencies of Photosynthetic Capacity on Leaf Nitrogen in Early- and Late-Successional Tropical Montane Tree Species. Front Plant Sci 2020; 11:500479. [PMID: 33042168 PMCID: PMC7527595 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.500479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Differences in photosynthetic capacity among tree species and tree functional types are currently assumed to be largely driven by variation in leaf nutrient content, particularly nitrogen (N). However, recent studies indicate that leaf N content is often a poor predictor of variation in photosynthetic capacity in tropical trees. In this study, we explored the relative importance of area-based total leaf N content (Ntot) and within-leaf N allocation to photosynthetic capacity versus light-harvesting in controlling the variation in photosynthetic capacity (i.e. V cmax, J max) among mature trees of 12 species belonging to either early (ES) or late successional (LS) groups growing in a tropical montane rainforest in Rwanda, Central Africa. Photosynthetic capacity at a common leaf temperature of 25˚C (i.e. maximum rates of Rubisco carboxylation, V cmax25 and of electron transport, J max25) was higher in ES than in LS species (+ 58% and 68% for V cmax25 and J max25, respectively). While Ntot did not significantly differ between successional groups, the photosynthetic dependency on Ntot was markedly different. In ES species, V cmax25 was strongly and positively related to Ntot but this was not the case in LS species. However, there was no significant trade-off between relative leaf N investments in compounds maximizing photosynthetic capacity versus compounds maximizing light harvesting. Both leaf dark respiration at 25˚C (+ 33%) and, more surprisingly, apparent photosynthetic quantum yield (+ 35%) was higher in ES than in LS species. Moreover, Rd25 was positively related to Ntot for both ES and LS species. Our results imply that efforts to quantify carbon fluxes of tropical montane rainforests would be improved if they considered contrasting within-leaf N allocation and photosynthetic Ntot dependencies between species with different successional strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Ziegler
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- UMR EcoFoG, AgroParisTech, CNRS, CIRAD, INRAE, Université des Antilles, Université de Guyane, Kourou, France
- Université de Lorraine, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR Silva, Nancy, France
| | - Mirindi Eric Dusenge
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Biology, University of Rwanda, Huye, Rwanda
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Brigitte Nyirambangutse
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Biology, University of Rwanda, Huye, Rwanda
| | - Etienne Zibera
- Department of Biology, University of Rwanda, Huye, Rwanda
| | - Göran Wallin
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Johan Uddling
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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15
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Johansson KSL, El-Soda M, Pagel E, Meyer RC, Tõldsepp K, Nilsson AK, Brosché M, Kollist H, Uddling J, Andersson MX. Genetic controls of short- and long-term stomatal CO2 responses in Arabidopsis thaliana. Ann Bot 2020; 126:179-190. [PMID: 32296835 PMCID: PMC7304471 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcaa065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The stomatal conductance (gs) of most plant species decreases in response to elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration. This response could have a significant impact on plant water use in a future climate. However, the regulation of the CO2-induced stomatal closure response is not fully understood. Moreover, the potential genetic links between short-term (within minutes to hours) and long-term (within weeks to months) responses of gs to increased atmospheric CO2 have not been explored. METHODS We used Arabidopsis thaliana recombinant inbred lines originating from accessions Col-0 (strong CO2 response) and C24 (weak CO2 response) to study short- and long-term controls of gs. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping was used to identify loci controlling short- and long-term gs responses to elevated CO2, as well as other stomata-related traits. KEY RESULTS Short- and long-term stomatal responses to elevated CO2 were significantly correlated. Both short- and long-term responses were associated with a QTL at the end of chromosome 2. The location of this QTL was confirmed using near-isogenic lines and it was fine-mapped to a 410-kb region. The QTL did not correspond to any known gene involved in stomatal closure and had no effect on the responsiveness to abscisic acid. Additionally, we identified numerous other loci associated with stomatal regulation. CONCLUSIONS We identified and confirmed the effect of a strong QTL corresponding to a yet unknown regulator of stomatal closure in response to elevated CO2 concentration. The correlation between short- and long-term stomatal CO2 responses and the genetic link between these traits highlight the importance of understanding guard cell CO2 signalling to predict and manipulate plant water use in a world with increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration. This study demonstrates the power of using natural variation to unravel the genetic regulation of complex traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin S L Johansson
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Mohamed El-Soda
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ellen Pagel
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Rhonda C Meyer
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) Gatersleben, Seeland, Germany
| | - Kadri Tõldsepp
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Anders K Nilsson
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mikael Brosché
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hannes Kollist
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Johan Uddling
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mats X Andersson
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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16
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Ntawuhiganayo EB, Uwizeye FK, Zibera E, Dusenge ME, Ziegler C, Ntirugulirwa B, Nsabimana D, Wallin G, Uddling J. Traits controlling shade tolerance in tropical montane trees. Tree Physiol 2020; 40:183-197. [PMID: 31860725 PMCID: PMC7048680 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpz119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Tropical canopies are complex, with multiple canopy layers and pronounced gap dynamics contributing to their high species diversity and productivity. An important reason for this complexity is the large variation in shade tolerance among different tree species. At present, we lack a clear understanding of which plant traits control this variation, e.g., regarding the relative contributions of whole-plant versus leaf traits or structural versus physiological traits. We investigated a broad range of traits in six tropical montane rainforest tree species with different degrees of shade tolerance, grown under three different radiation regimes (under the open sky or beneath sparse or dense canopies). The two distinct shade-tolerant species had higher fractional biomass in leaves and branches while shade-intolerant species invested more into stems, and these differences were greater under low radiation. Leaf respiration and photosynthetic light compensation point did not vary with species shade tolerance, regardless of radiation regime. Leaf temperatures in open plots were markedly higher in shade-tolerant species due to their low transpiration rates and large leaf sizes. Our results suggest that interspecific variation in shade tolerance of tropical montane trees is controlled by species differences in whole-plant biomass allocation strategy rather than by difference in physiological leaf traits determining leaf carbon balance at low radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisée Bahati Ntawuhiganayo
- Department of Biology, University of Rwanda, University Avenue, PO Box 117, Huye, Rwanda
- World Agroforestry (ICRAF), University Avenue PO Box 227, Huye, Rwanda
| | - Félicien K Uwizeye
- Department of Biology, University of Rwanda, University Avenue, PO Box 117, Huye, Rwanda
- BirdLife International, KG 501 St, PO Box 2527, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Etienne Zibera
- Department of Biology, University of Rwanda, University Avenue, PO Box 117, Huye, Rwanda
| | - Mirindi E Dusenge
- Department of Biology, University of Rwanda, University Avenue, PO Box 117, Huye, Rwanda
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, 1157 Richmond street, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Camille Ziegler
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 461, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
- UMR EcoFoG, INRA, CNRS, Cirad, AgroParisTech, Université des Antilles, Université de Guyane, BP 709, 97387 Kourou Cedex, France
- Université de Lorraine, AgroParisTech, INRA, UMR Silva, 54000 Nancy, France
| | - Bonaventure Ntirugulirwa
- Department of Biology, University of Rwanda, University Avenue, PO Box 117, Huye, Rwanda
- Rwanda Agriculture and Animal Resources Development, PO Box 5016, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Donat Nsabimana
- Department of Biology, University of Rwanda, University Avenue, PO Box 117, Huye, Rwanda
| | - Göran Wallin
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 461, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Johan Uddling
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 461, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
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17
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Pleijel H, Broberg MC, Uddling J. Ozone impact on wheat in Europe, Asia and North America - A comparison. Sci Total Environ 2019; 664:908-914. [PMID: 30769314 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Data from experiments where field-grown wheat was exposed to ozone were collated in order to compare the effects in Europe, Asia and North America using dose-response regression. In addition to grain yield, average grain mass and harvest index were included to reflect the influence of ozone on the crop growth pattern. In order to include as many experiments as possible, daytime average ozone concentration was used as the ozone exposure index, but AOT40, estimated from average ozone concentrations, was also used to compare the performance of the two exposure metrics. The response to ozone differed significantly between the continents only for grain yield when using AOT40 as the exposure index. North American wheat was less sensitive than European and Asian that responded similarly. The variation in responses across all three continents was smallest for harvest index, followed by grain mass and grain yield. The highly consistent effect on harvest index shows that not only effects on biomass accumulation, but also on the partitioning of biomass, are important for the ozone-induced grain yield loss in wheat. The average duration of daily ozone exposure was longer in European experiments compared to North American and Asian. It cannot be excluded that this contributed to the indicated higher ozone sensitivity in European wheat in relation to North American. The main conclusions from this study are that on the average the response of wheat to ozone was lower for the older North American experiments and that the ozone response of the growth pattern reflected by grain mass and harvest index did not differ between continents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Håkan Pleijel
- University of Gothenburg, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, P.O. Box 461, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Malin C Broberg
- University of Gothenburg, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, P.O. Box 461, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Johan Uddling
- University of Gothenburg, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, P.O. Box 461, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden.
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18
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Pleijel H, Broberg MC, Högy P, Uddling J. Nitrogen application is required to realize wheat yield stimulation by elevated CO 2 but will not remove the CO 2 -induced reduction in grain protein concentration. Glob Chang Biol 2019; 25:1868-1876. [PMID: 30737900 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Elevated CO2 (eCO2 ) generally promotes increased grain yield (GY) and decreased grain protein concentration (GPC), but the extent to which these effects depend on the magnitude of fertilization remains unclear. We collected data on the eCO2 responses of GY, GPC and grain protein yield and their relationships with nitrogen (N) application rates across experimental data covering 11 field grown wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivars studied in eight countries on four continents. The eCO2 -induced stimulation of GY increased with N application rates up to ~200 kg/ha. At higher N application, stimulation of GY by eCO2 stagnated or even declined. This was valid both when the yield stimulation was expressed as the total effect and using per ppm CO2 scaling. GPC was decreased by on average 7% under eCO2 and the magnitude of this effect did not depend on N application rate. The net effect of responses on GY and protein concentration was that eCO2 typically increased and decreased grain protein yield at N application rates below and above ~100 kg/ha respectively. We conclude that a negative effect on wheat GPC seems inevitable under eCO2 and that substantial N application rates may be required to sustain wheat protein yields in a world with rising CO2 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Håkan Pleijel
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Malin C Broberg
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Petra Högy
- Institute of Landscape and Plant Ecology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Johan Uddling
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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19
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Kumarathunge DP, Medlyn BE, Drake JE, Tjoelker MG, Aspinwall MJ, Battaglia M, Cano FJ, Carter KR, Cavaleri MA, Cernusak LA, Chambers JQ, Crous KY, De Kauwe MG, Dillaway DN, Dreyer E, Ellsworth DS, Ghannoum O, Han Q, Hikosaka K, Jensen AM, Kelly JWG, Kruger EL, Mercado LM, Onoda Y, Reich PB, Rogers A, Slot M, Smith NG, Tarvainen L, Tissue DT, Togashi HF, Tribuzy ES, Uddling J, Vårhammar A, Wallin G, Warren JM, Way DA. Acclimation and adaptation components of the temperature dependence of plant photosynthesis at the global scale. New Phytol 2019; 222:768-784. [PMID: 30597597 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The temperature response of photosynthesis is one of the key factors determining predicted responses to warming in global vegetation models (GVMs). The response may vary geographically, owing to genetic adaptation to climate, and temporally, as a result of acclimation to changes in ambient temperature. Our goal was to develop a robust quantitative global model representing acclimation and adaptation of photosynthetic temperature responses. We quantified and modelled key mechanisms responsible for photosynthetic temperature acclimation and adaptation using a global dataset of photosynthetic CO2 response curves, including data from 141 C3 species from tropical rainforest to Arctic tundra. We separated temperature acclimation and adaptation processes by considering seasonal and common-garden datasets, respectively. The observed global variation in the temperature optimum of photosynthesis was primarily explained by biochemical limitations to photosynthesis, rather than stomatal conductance or respiration. We found acclimation to growth temperature to be a stronger driver of this variation than adaptation to temperature at climate of origin. We developed a summary model to represent photosynthetic temperature responses and showed that it predicted the observed global variation in optimal temperatures with high accuracy. This novel algorithm should enable improved prediction of the function of global ecosystems in a warming climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dushan P Kumarathunge
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
- Plant Physiology Division, Coconut Research Institute of Sri Lanka, Lunuwila, 61150, Sri Lanka
| | - Belinda E Medlyn
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - John E Drake
- Forest and Natural Resources Management, College of Environmental Science and Forestry, State University of New York, 1 Forestry Drive, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Mark G Tjoelker
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Michael J Aspinwall
- Department of Biology, University of North Florida, 1 UNF Drive, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Michael Battaglia
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Private Bag 12, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia
| | - Francisco J Cano
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Kelsey R Carter
- School of Forest Resources & Environmental Science, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Dr., Houghton, MI, 49931, USA
| | - Molly A Cavaleri
- School of Forest Resources & Environmental Science, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Dr., Houghton, MI, 49931, USA
| | - Lucas A Cernusak
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, 4878, Australia
| | - Jeffrey Q Chambers
- Department of Geography, University of California Berkeley, 507 McCone Hall #4740, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Kristine Y Crous
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Martin G De Kauwe
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Climate Extremes, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Dylan N Dillaway
- Thomashow Learning Laboratories, Unity College, 90 Quaker Hill Road, Unity, ME, 04988, USA
| | - Erwin Dreyer
- Université de Lorraine, Inra, Silva, F54000, Nancy, France
| | - David S Ellsworth
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Oula Ghannoum
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Qingmin Han
- Department of Plant Ecology, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute (FFPRI), 1 Matsunosato, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8687, Japan
| | - Kouki Hikosaka
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Anna M Jensen
- Department of Forestry and Wood Technology, Linnaeus University, Växjö, Sweden
| | - Jeff W G Kelly
- Center for Sustainable Forestry at Pack Forest, University of Washington, 9010 453rd Street E, Eatonville, WA, 98328, USA
| | - Eric L Kruger
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Lina M Mercado
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4PS, UK
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Crowmarsh-Gifford, Wallingford, OX10 8BB, UK
| | - Yusuke Onoda
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Peter B Reich
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Alistair Rogers
- Environmental and Climate Sciences Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973-5000, USA
| | - Martijn Slot
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancón, Panama
| | - Nicholas G Smith
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Lasse Tarvainen
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), SE-901 83, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 461, Gothenburg, SE-405 30, Sweden
| | - David T Tissue
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Henrique F Togashi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Edgard S Tribuzy
- Instituto de Biodiversidade e Florestas, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará (UFOPA), CEP 68035-110, Santarém, PA, Brazil
| | - Johan Uddling
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 461, Gothenburg, SE-405 30, Sweden
| | - Angelica Vårhammar
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Göran Wallin
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 461, Gothenburg, SE-405 30, Sweden
| | - Jeffrey M Warren
- Climate Change Science Institute and Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Danielle A Way
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada, N6A 5B6
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Box 90328, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
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20
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Xu Y, Feng Z, Shang B, Dai L, Uddling J, Tarvainen L. Mesophyll conductance limitation of photosynthesis in poplar under elevated ozone. Sci Total Environ 2019; 657:136-145. [PMID: 30537576 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Finite mesophyll conductance (gm) reduces the rate of CO2 diffusion from the leaf intercellular space to the chloroplast and constitutes a major limitation of photosynthesis in trees. While it is well established that gm is decreased by stressors such as drought and high temperature, few studies have investigated if the phytotoxic air pollutant ozone (O3) affects gm. We quantified the relative importance of three different types of limitations of photosynthesis in poplar trees exposed to elevated O3: decreases in stomatal conductance, gm and biochemical photosynthetic capacity. The O3-induced reductions in light-saturated net photosynthesis were linked to significant declines in gm and biochemical photosynthetic capacity (in particular carboxylation). There was no significant effect of O3 on stomatal conductance. Of the O3-induced limitations on photosynthesis, gm limitation was by far the most important (-16%) while biochemical limitation (-8%) was rather small. Both limitations grew in magnitude over the study period and varied in response to leaf-specific O3 exposure. Our findings suggest that declines in gm may play a key role in limiting photosynthesis of plants exposed to elevated O3, an effect hitherto overlooked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yansen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Zhaozhong Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Bo Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lulu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Johan Uddling
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lasse Tarvainen
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
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21
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Mills G, Sharps K, Simpson D, Pleijel H, Frei M, Burkey K, Emberson L, Uddling J, Broberg M, Feng Z, Kobayashi K, Agrawal M. Closing the global ozone yield gap: Quantification and cobenefits for multistress tolerance. Glob Chang Biol 2018; 24:4869-4893. [PMID: 30084165 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 06/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Increasing both crop productivity and the tolerance of crops to abiotic and biotic stresses is a major challenge for global food security in our rapidly changing climate. For the first time, we show how the spatial variation and severity of tropospheric ozone effects on yield compare with effects of other stresses on a global scale, and discuss mitigating actions against the negative effects of ozone. We show that the sensitivity to ozone declines in the order soybean > wheat > maize > rice, with genotypic variation in response being most pronounced for soybean and rice. Based on stomatal uptake, we estimate that ozone (mean of 2010-2012) reduces global yield annually by 12.4%, 7.1%, 4.4% and 6.1% for soybean, wheat, rice and maize, respectively (the "ozone yield gaps"), adding up to 227 Tg of lost yield. Our modelling shows that the highest ozone-induced production losses for soybean are in North and South America whilst for wheat they are in India and China, for rice in parts of India, Bangladesh, China and Indonesia, and for maize in China and the United States. Crucially, we also show that the same areas are often also at risk of high losses from pests and diseases, heat stress and to a lesser extent aridity and nutrient stress. In a solution-focussed analysis of these results, we provide a crop ideotype with tolerance of multiple stresses (including ozone) and describe how ozone effects could be included in crop breeding programmes. We also discuss altered crop management approaches that could be applied to reduce ozone impacts in the shorter term. Given the severity of ozone effects on staple food crops in areas of the world that are also challenged by other stresses, we recommend increased attention to the benefits that could be gained from addressing the ozone yield gap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina Mills
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Bangor, UK
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - David Simpson
- EMEP MSC-W, Norwegian Meteorological Institute, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Space, Earth & Environment, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Håkan Pleijel
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Michael Frei
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Lisa Emberson
- Environment Department, Stockholm Environment Institute at York, University of York, York, UK
| | - Johan Uddling
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Malin Broberg
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Zhaozhong Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kazuhiko Kobayashi
- Department of Global Agricultural Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Madhoolika Agrawal
- Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Uttar Pradesh, India
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22
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Uddling J, Broberg MC, Feng Z, Pleijel H. Crop quality under rising atmospheric CO 2. Curr Opin Plant Biol 2018; 45:262-267. [PMID: 29958824 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Crops grown under elevated CO2 (eCO2) typically exhibit enhanced yields but at the same time decreased nutritional quality. The latter effect has often been explained as a growth dilution phenomenon, but this cannot be the only process involved since crop nutrient concentrations are decreased also when production is unaffected by eCO2. We review the current knowledge on eCO2 effects on crop nutritional quality with focus on the current understanding of the possible mechanisms and processes causing these effects. Emphasis is on crop nitrogen (N) and protein concentrations but effects on other nutrients and how they compare with those on N are also covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Uddling
- University of Gothenburg, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, P.O. Box 461, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Malin C Broberg
- University of Gothenburg, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, P.O. Box 461, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Zhaozhong Feng
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, College of Resources and Environment, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Håkan Pleijel
- University of Gothenburg, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, P.O. Box 461, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
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23
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Mills G, Sharps K, Simpson D, Pleijel H, Broberg M, Uddling J, Jaramillo F, Davies WJ, Dentener F, Van den Berg M, Agrawal M, Agrawal SB, Ainsworth EA, Büker P, Emberson L, Feng Z, Harmens H, Hayes F, Kobayashi K, Paoletti E, Van Dingenen R. Ozone pollution will compromise efforts to increase global wheat production. Glob Chang Biol 2018; 24:3560-3574. [PMID: 29604158 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Introduction of high-performing crop cultivars and crop/soil water management practices that increase the stomatal uptake of carbon dioxide and photosynthesis will be instrumental in realizing the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) of achieving food security. To date, however, global assessments of how to increase crop yield have failed to consider the negative effects of tropospheric ozone, a gaseous pollutant that enters the leaf stomatal pores of plants along with carbon dioxide, and is increasing in concentration globally, particularly in rapidly developing countries. Earlier studies have simply estimated that the largest effects are in the areas with the highest ozone concentrations. Using a modelling method that accounts for the effects of soil moisture deficit and meteorological factors on the stomatal uptake of ozone, we show for the first time that ozone impacts on wheat yield are particularly large in humid rain-fed and irrigated areas of major wheat-producing countries (e.g. United States, France, India, China and Russia). Averaged over 2010-2012, we estimate that ozone reduces wheat yields by a mean 9.9% in the northern hemisphere and 6.2% in the southern hemisphere, corresponding to some 85 Tg (million tonnes) of lost grain. Total production losses in developing countries receiving Official Development Assistance are 50% higher than those in developed countries, potentially reducing the possibility of achieving UN SDG2. Crucially, our analysis shows that ozone could reduce the potential yield benefits of increasing irrigation usage in response to climate change because added irrigation increases the uptake and subsequent negative effects of the pollutant. We show that mitigation of air pollution in a changing climate could play a vital role in achieving the above-mentioned UN SDG, while also contributing to other SDGs related to human health and well-being, ecosystems and climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina Mills
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Bangor, UK
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - David Simpson
- EMEP MSC-W, Norwegian Meteorological Institute, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Space, Earth and Environment, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Håkan Pleijel
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Malin Broberg
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Johan Uddling
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Fernando Jaramillo
- Department of Physical Geography and Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Stockholm Resilience Center, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - William J Davies
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Frank Dentener
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Patrick Büker
- Stockholm Environment Institute, University of York, York, UK
| | - Lisa Emberson
- Stockholm Environment Institute, University of York, York, UK
| | - Zhaozhong Feng
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | | | - Kazuhiko Kobayashi
- Department of Global Agricultural Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Metcalfe DB, Hermans TDG, Ahlstrand J, Becker M, Berggren M, Björk RG, Björkman MP, Blok D, Chaudhary N, Chisholm C, Classen AT, Hasselquist NJ, Jonsson M, Kristensen JA, Kumordzi BB, Lee H, Mayor JR, Prevéy J, Pantazatou K, Rousk J, Sponseller RA, Sundqvist MK, Tang J, Uddling J, Wallin G, Zhang W, Ahlström A, Tenenbaum DE, Abdi AM. Patchy field sampling biases understanding of climate change impacts across the Arctic. Nat Ecol Evol 2018; 2:1443-1448. [DOI: 10.1038/s41559-018-0612-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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25
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Feng Z, Uddling J, Tang H, Zhu J, Kobayashi K. Comparison of crop yield sensitivity to ozone between open-top chamber and free-air experiments. Glob Chang Biol 2018; 24:2231-2238. [PMID: 29393991 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Assessments of the impacts of ozone (O3 ) on regional and global food production are currently based on results from experiments using open-top chambers (OTCs). However, there are concerns that these impact estimates might be biased due to the environmental artifacts imposed by this enclosure system. In this study, we collated O3 exposure and yield data for three major crop species-wheat, rice, and soybean-for which O3 experiments have been conducted with OTCs as well as the ecologically more realistic free-air O3 elevation (O3 -FACE) exposure system; both within the same cultivation region and country. For all three crops, we found that the sensitivity of crop yield to the O3 metric AOT40 (accumulated hourly O3 exposure above a cut-off threshold concentration of 40 ppb) significantly differed between OTC and O3 -FACE experiments. In wheat and rice, O3 sensitivity was higher in O3 -FACE than OTC experiments, while the opposite was the case for soybean. In all three crops, these differences could be linked to factors influencing stomatal conductance (manipulation of water inputs, passive chamber warming, and cultivar differences in gas exchange). Our study thus highlights the importance of accounting for factors that control stomatal O3 flux when applying experimental data to assess O3 impacts on crops at large spatial scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaozhong Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Johan Uddling
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Haoye Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianguo Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Kazuhiko Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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26
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Sand E, Konarska J, Howe AW, Andersson-Sköld Y, Moldan F, Pleijel H, Uddling J. Effects of ground surface permeability on the growth of urban linden trees. Urban Ecosyst 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11252-018-0750-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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27
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Lamba S, Hall M, Räntfors M, Chaudhary N, Linder S, Way D, Uddling J, Wallin G. Physiological acclimation dampens initial effects of elevated temperature and atmospheric CO 2 concentration in mature boreal Norway spruce. Plant Cell Environ 2018; 41:300-313. [PMID: 29226972 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Physiological processes of terrestrial plants regulate the land-atmosphere exchange of carbon, water, and energy, yet few studies have explored the acclimation responses of mature boreal conifer trees to climate change. Here we explored the acclimation responses of photosynthesis, respiration, and stomatal conductance to elevated temperature and/or CO2 concentration ([CO2 ]) in a 3-year field experiment with mature boreal Norway spruce. We found that elevated [CO2 ] decreased photosynthetic carboxylation capacity (-23% at 25 °C) and increased shoot respiration (+64% at 15 °C), while warming had no significant effects. Shoot respiration, but not photosynthetic capacity, exhibited seasonal acclimation. Stomatal conductance at light saturation and a vapour pressure deficit of 1 kPa was unaffected by elevated [CO2 ] but significantly decreased (-27%) by warming, and the ratio of intercellular to ambient [CO2 ] was enhanced (+17%) by elevated [CO2 ] and decreased (-12%) by warming. Many of these responses differ from those typically observed in temperate tree species. Our results show that long-term physiological acclimation dampens the initial stimulation of plant net carbon assimilation to elevated [CO2 ], and of plant water use to warming. Models that do not account for these responses may thus overestimate the impacts of climate change on future boreal vegetation-atmosphere interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhangi Lamba
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 461, SE-40530, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Marianne Hall
- Centre for Environmental and Climate Research, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, SE-22362, Lund, Sweden
| | - Mats Räntfors
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 461, SE-40530, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Nitin Chaudhary
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Sölvegatan 12, SE-22362, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sune Linder
- Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), PO Box 49, SE-23053, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Danielle Way
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Johan Uddling
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 461, SE-40530, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Göran Wallin
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 461, SE-40530, Göteborg, Sweden
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Pleijel H, Broberg MC, Uddling J, Mills G. Current surface ozone concentrations significantly decrease wheat growth, yield and quality. Sci Total Environ 2018; 613-614:687-692. [PMID: 28938211 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.09.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Tropospheric ozone is known to adversely affect crops and other vegetation. Most studies have focussed on the effects of elevated ozone levels vs. present ambient. We investigated the effect of present ambient surface ozone (O3) concentrations vs. preindustrial on a range of agronomically important response variables in field-grown wheat, using results from 33 experiments (representing 9 countries, 3 continents, 17 cultivars plus one set of 4 cultivars) having both charcoal filtered (CF) and non-filtered (NF) air treatments. Average filtration efficiency was 62%, reducing the O3 concentration from 35.6±10.6SDppb in NF to 13.7±8.8SDppb in CF. Average CF concentrations were in the range of levels believed to represent pre-industrial conditions, while NF concentrations were 7% lower than in the ambient air at plant height on the experimental sites. NF had significant (p<0.05) negative effects compared to CF on grain yield (-8.4%), grain mass (-3.7%), harvest index (-2.4%), total above-ground biomass (-5.4%), starch concentration (-3.0%), starch yield (-10.9%), and protein yield (-6.2%). No significant effect was found for grain number and protein concentration. There was a significant relationship between the effect of filtration on grain yield and the difference in O3 concentration between NF and CF treatments. The average yield loss per ppb O3 removed was 0.38% and did not systematically vary with year of experiment (ranging from 1982 to 2010) or with the average O3 level in the experiments. Although there are many differences among the field experiments included in this meta-analysis (e.g. genotype, degree of O3 pollution of the site and year, nutrient and soil condition, filtration efficiency), our study clearly shows that there is a consistent and significant effect of present ambient O3 exposure on a range of important response variables in wheat, the most strongly affected being starch yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Håkan Pleijel
- University of Gothenburg, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, P.O. Box 461, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Malin C Broberg
- University of Gothenburg, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, P.O. Box 461, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Johan Uddling
- University of Gothenburg, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, P.O. Box 461, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Gina Mills
- University of Gothenburg, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, P.O. Box 461, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden; Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Environment Centre Wales, Deiniol Road, Bangor, Gwynedd, LL57 2UW, United Kingdom.
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29
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Feng Z, Büker P, Pleijel H, Emberson L, Karlsson PE, Uddling J. A unifying explanation for variation in ozone sensitivity among woody plants. Glob Chang Biol 2018; 24:78-84. [PMID: 28722164 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Tropospheric ozone is considered the most detrimental air pollutant for vegetation at the global scale, with negative consequences for both provisioning and climate regulating ecosystem services. In spite of recent developments in ozone exposure metrics, from a concentration-based to a more physiologically relevant stomatal flux-based index, large-scale ozone risk assessment is still complicated by a large and unexplained variation in ozone sensitivity among tree species. Here, we explored whether the variation in ozone sensitivity among woody species can be linked to interspecific variation in leaf morphology. We found that ozone tolerance at the leaf level was closely linked to leaf dry mass per unit leaf area (LMA) and that whole-tree biomass reductions were more strongly related to stomatal flux per unit leaf mass (r2 = 0.56) than to stomatal flux per unit leaf area (r2 = 0.42). Furthermore, the interspecific variation in slopes of ozone flux-response relationships was considerably lower when expressed on a leaf mass basis (coefficient of variation, CV = 36%) than when expressed on a leaf area basis (CV = 66%), and relationships for broadleaf and needle-leaf species converged when using the mass-based index. These results show that much of the variation in ozone sensitivity among woody plants can be explained by interspecific variation in LMA and that large-scale ozone impact assessment could be greatly improved by considering this well-known and easily measured leaf trait.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaozhong Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Patrick Büker
- Stockholm Environment Institute, Environment Department, University of York, York, UK
| | - Håkan Pleijel
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lisa Emberson
- Stockholm Environment Institute, Environment Department, University of York, York, UK
| | | | - Johan Uddling
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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30
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Broberg MC, Uddling J, Mills G, Pleijel H. Fertilizer efficiency in wheat is reduced by ozone pollution. Sci Total Environ 2017; 607-608:876-880. [PMID: 28711849 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.07.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/08/2017] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Inefficient use of fertilizers by crops increases the risk of nutrient leaching from agro-ecosystems, resulting in economic loss and environmental contamination. We investigated how ground-level ozone affects the efficiency by which wheat used applied nitrogen (N) fertilizer to produce grain protein (NEP, N efficiency with respect to protein yield) and grain yield (NEY, N efficiency with respect to grain yield) across a large number of open-top chamber field experiments. Our results show significant negative ozone effects on NEP and NEY, both for a larger data set obtained from data mining (21 experiments, 70 treatments), and a subset of data for which stomatal ozone flux estimates were available (7 experiments, 22 treatments). For one experiment, we report new data on N content of different above-ground plant fractions as well as grain K and P content. Our analysis of the combined dataset demonstrates that the grain yield return for a certain investment in N fertilizer is reduced by ozone. Results from the experiment with more detailed data further show that translocation of accumulated N from straw and leaves to grains is significantly and negatively affected by ozone, and that ozone decreases fertilizer efficiency also for K and P. As a result of lower N fertilization efficiency, ozone causes a risk of increased N losses from agroecosystems, e.g. through nitrate leaching and nitrous oxide emissions, a hitherto neglected negative effect of ozone. This impact of ozone on the N cycle implies that society is facing a dilemma where it either (i) accepts increased N pollution and counteracts ozone-induced yield reductions by increasing fertilization or (ii) counteracts N pollution under elevated ozone by reducing fertilization, accepting further yield loss adding to the direct effect of ozone on yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malin C Broberg
- University of Gothenburg, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, P.O. Box 461, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Johan Uddling
- University of Gothenburg, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, P.O. Box 461, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Gina Mills
- University of Gothenburg, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, P.O. Box 461, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden; Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Environment Centre Wales, Deiniol Road, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, United Kingdom
| | - Håkan Pleijel
- University of Gothenburg, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, P.O. Box 461, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
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31
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Crous KY, Wallin G, Atkin OK, Uddling J, Af Ekenstam A. Acclimation of light and dark respiration to experimental and seasonal warming are mediated by changes in leaf nitrogen in Eucalyptus globulus. Tree Physiol 2017; 37:1069-1083. [PMID: 28541536 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpx052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Quantifying the adjustments of leaf respiration in response to seasonal temperature variation and climate warming is crucial because carbon loss from vegetation is a large but uncertain part of the global carbon cycle. We grew fast-growing Eucalyptus globulus Labill. trees exposed to +3 °C warming and elevated CO2 in 10-m tall whole-tree chambers and measured the temperature responses of leaf mitochondrial respiration, both in light (RLight) and in darkness (RDark), over a 20-40 °C temperature range and during two different seasons. RLight was assessed using the Laisk method. Respiration rates measured at a standard temperature (25 °C - R25) were higher in warm-grown trees and in the warm season, related to higher total leaf nitrogen (N) investment with higher temperatures (both experimental and seasonal), indicating that leaf N concentrations modulated the respiratory capacity to changes in temperature. Once differences in leaf N were accounted for, there were no differences in R25 but the Q10 (i.e., short-term temperature sensitivity) was higher in late summer compared with early spring. The variation in RLight between experimental treatments and seasons was positively correlated with carboxylation capacity and photorespiration. RLight was less responsive to short-term changes in temperature than RDark, as shown by a lower Q10 in RLight compared with RDark. The overall light inhibition of R was ∼40%. Our results highlight the dynamic nature of leaf respiration to temperature variation and that the responses of RLight do not simply mirror those of RDark. Therefore, it is important not to assume that RLight is the same as RDark in ecosystem models, as doing so may lead to large errors in predicting plant CO2 release and productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Y Crous
- Hawkesbury Institute for Environment, Western Sydney University, Hawkesbury Campus, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - G Wallin
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 461, SE-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - O K Atkin
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, Building 134, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - J Uddling
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 461, SE-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - A Af Ekenstam
- Hawkesbury Institute for Environment, Western Sydney University, Hawkesbury Campus, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 461, SE-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
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32
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Hasper TB, Dusenge ME, Breuer F, Uwizeye FK, Wallin G, Uddling J. Stomatal CO 2 responsiveness and photosynthetic capacity of tropical woody species in relation to taxonomy and functional traits. Oecologia 2017; 184:43-57. [PMID: 28260113 PMCID: PMC5408058 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-017-3829-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Stomatal CO2 responsiveness and photosynthetic capacity vary greatly among plant species, but the factors controlling these physiological leaf traits are often poorly understood. To explore if these traits are linked to taxonomic group identity and/or to other plant functional traits, we investigated the short-term stomatal CO2 responses and the maximum rates of photosynthetic carboxylation (V cmax) and electron transport (J max) in an evolutionary broad range of tropical woody plant species. The study included 21 species representing four major seed plant taxa: gymnosperms, monocots, rosids and asterids. We found that stomatal closure responses to increased CO2 were stronger in angiosperms than in gymnosperms, and in monocots compared to dicots. Stomatal CO2 responsiveness was not significantly related to any of the other functional traits investigated, while a parameter describing the relationship between photosynthesis and stomatal conductance in combined leaf gas exchange models (g 1) was related to leaf area-specific plant hydraulic conductance. For photosynthesis, we found that the interspecific variation in V cmax and J max was related to within leaf nitrogen (N) allocation rather than to area-based total leaf N content. Within-leaf N allocation and water use were strongly co-ordinated (r 2 = 0.67), such that species with high fractional N investments into compounds maximizing photosynthetic capacity also had high stomatal conductance. We conclude that while stomatal CO2 responsiveness of tropical woody species seems poorly related to other plant functional traits, photosynthetic capacity is linked to fractional within-leaf N allocation rather than total leaf N content and is closely co-ordinated with leaf water use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas B Hasper
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 461, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mirindi E Dusenge
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 461, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Biology, University of Rwanda, University Avenue, PO Box 56, Huye, Rwanda
| | - Friederike Breuer
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 461, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Félicien K Uwizeye
- Department of Biology, University of Rwanda, University Avenue, PO Box 56, Huye, Rwanda
| | - Göran Wallin
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 461, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Johan Uddling
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 461, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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33
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Li P, Calatayud V, Gao F, Uddling J, Feng Z. Differences in ozone sensitivity among woody species are related to leaf morphology and antioxidant levels. Tree Physiol 2016; 36:1105-1116. [PMID: 27217527 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpw042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Ozone (O3) sensitivity varies greatly among plant species. Leaf traits such as stomatal conductance, antioxidant capacity and leaf morphology and anatomy may play important roles in controlling this variation, but the relative contributions of each trait remain elusive. In this study, we examined the differences in O3 sensitivity among 29 deciduous and evergreen woody species used for urban greening in China in an open-top chamber experiment. Elevated O3 caused visible injury and reductions in net photosynthesis, and these effects differed significantly among species. The deciduous species Sorbaria sorbifolia, Hibiscus syriacus and Fraxinus chinensis were the most sensitive, while evergreen species ranked among the most tolerant. O3 sensitivity was linked to both low leaf mass per area (LMA) and low leaf area-based antioxidant levels, but not to variation in leaf mass-based antioxidant levels or stomatal conductance. The well-known and easily measured leaf trait LMA thus represents a potentially useful metric for O3 risk assessment and for selecting appropriate species for urban greening in O3-polluted areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing Road 18, Haidian District, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Vicent Calatayud
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing Road 18, Haidian District, Beijing 100085, China Fundación CEAM, c/Charles R. Darwin 14, Parque Tecnológico, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Feng Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing Road 18, Haidian District, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Johan Uddling
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Zhaozhong Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing Road 18, Haidian District, Beijing 100085, China
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34
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De Kauwe MG, Lin YS, Wright IJ, Medlyn BE, Crous KY, Ellsworth DS, Maire V, Prentice IC, Atkin OK, Rogers A, Niinemets Ü, Serbin SP, Meir P, Uddling J, Togashi HF, Tarvainen L, Weerasinghe LK, Evans BJ, Ishida FY, Domingues TF. A test of the 'one-point method' for estimating maximum carboxylation capacity from field-measured, light-saturated photosynthesis. New Phytol 2016; 210:1130-44. [PMID: 26719951 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Simulations of photosynthesis by terrestrial biosphere models typically need a specification of the maximum carboxylation rate (Vcmax ). Estimating this parameter using A-Ci curves (net photosynthesis, A, vs intercellular CO2 concentration, Ci ) is laborious, which limits availability of Vcmax data. However, many multispecies field datasets include net photosynthetic rate at saturating irradiance and at ambient atmospheric CO2 concentration (Asat ) measurements, from which Vcmax can be extracted using a 'one-point method'. We used a global dataset of A-Ci curves (564 species from 46 field sites, covering a range of plant functional types) to test the validity of an alternative approach to estimate Vcmax from Asat via this 'one-point method'. If leaf respiration during the day (Rday ) is known exactly, Vcmax can be estimated with an r(2) value of 0.98 and a root-mean-squared error (RMSE) of 8.19 μmol m(-2) s(-1) . However, Rday typically must be estimated. Estimating Rday as 1.5% of Vcmax, we found that Vcmax could be estimated with an r(2) of 0.95 and an RMSE of 17.1 μmol m(-2) s(-1) . The one-point method provides a robust means to expand current databases of field-measured Vcmax , giving new potential to improve vegetation models and quantify the environmental drivers of Vcmax variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin G De Kauwe
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Yan-Shih Lin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Ian J Wright
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Belinda E Medlyn
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Kristine Y Crous
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
- Birmingham Institute of Forest Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, UK
| | - David S Ellsworth
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Vincent Maire
- Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, G9A 5H7, Canada
| | - I Colin Prentice
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
- AXA Chair of Biosphere and Climate Impacts, Grand Challenges in Ecosystems and the Environment and Grantham Institute - Climate Change and the Environment, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Owen K Atkin
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Building 134, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Alistair Rogers
- Biological, Environmental and Climate Sciences Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Ülo Niinemets
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu, 51014, Estonia
- Estonian Academy of Sciences, Kohtu 6, 10130, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Shawn P Serbin
- Biological, Environmental and Climate Sciences Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Patrick Meir
- Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 0200, Australia
- School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3JN, UK
| | - Johan Uddling
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 461, SE-40530, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Henrique F Togashi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
- Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network, Ecosystem Modelling and Scaling Infrastructure, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Lasse Tarvainen
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), SE-901 83, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Lasantha K Weerasinghe
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Building 134, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, 20400, Sri Lanka
| | - Bradley J Evans
- Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network, Ecosystem Modelling and Scaling Infrastructure, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
- Department of Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - F Yoko Ishida
- College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science, James Cook University, Cairns, Qld, 4870, Australia
| | - Tomas F Domingues
- Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av Bandeirantes, 3900, CEP 14040-901, Bairro Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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35
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Konarska J, Uddling J, Holmer B, Lutz M, Lindberg F, Pleijel H, Thorsson S. Transpiration of urban trees and its cooling effect in a high latitude city. Int J Biometeorol 2016; 60:159-172. [PMID: 26048702 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-015-1014-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Revised: 05/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
An important ecosystem service provided by urban trees is the cooling effect caused by their transpiration. The aim of this study was to quantify the magnitude of daytime and night-time transpiration of common urban tree species in a high latitude city (Gothenburg, Sweden), to analyse the influence of weather conditions and surface permeability on the tree transpiration, and to find out whether tree transpiration contributed to daytime or nocturnal cooling. Stomatal conductance and leaf transpiration at day and night were measured on mature street and park trees of seven common tree species in Gothenburg: Tilia europaea, Quercus robur, Betula pendula, Acer platanoides, Aesculus hippocastanum, Fagus sylvatica and Prunus serrulata. Transpiration increased with vapour pressure deficit and photosynthetically active radiation. Midday rates of sunlit leaves ranged from less than 1 mmol m(-2) s(-1) (B. pendula) to over 3 mmol m(-2) s(-1) (Q. robur). Daytime stomatal conductance was positively related to the fraction of permeable surfaces within the vertically projected crown area. A simple estimate of available rainwater, comprising of precipitation sum and fractional surface permeability within the crown area, was found to explain 68% of variation in midday stomatal conductance. Night-time transpiration was observed in all studied species and amounted to 7 and 20% of midday transpiration of sunlit and shaded leaves, respectively. With an estimated night-time latent heat flux of 24 W m(-2), tree transpiration significantly increased the cooling rate around and shortly after sunset, but not later in the night. Despite a strong midday latent heat flux of 206 W m(-2), a cooling effect of tree transpiration was not observed during the day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janina Konarska
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 460, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Johan Uddling
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 461, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Björn Holmer
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 460, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Martina Lutz
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 461, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Lindberg
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 460, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Håkan Pleijel
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 461, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sofia Thorsson
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 460, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
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36
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Büker P, Feng Z, Uddling J, Briolat A, Alonso R, Braun S, Elvira S, Gerosa G, Karlsson PE, Le Thiec D, Marzuoli R, Mills G, Oksanen E, Wieser G, Wilkinson M, Emberson LD. New flux based dose-response relationships for ozone for European forest tree species. Environ Pollut 2015; 206:163-74. [PMID: 26164201 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2015.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/27/2015] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
To derive O3 dose-response relationships (DRR) for five European forest trees species and broadleaf deciduous and needleleaf tree plant functional types (PFTs), phytotoxic O3 doses (PODy) were related to biomass reductions. PODy was calculated using a stomatal flux model with a range of cut-off thresholds (y) indicative of varying detoxification capacities. Linear regression analysis showed that DRR for PFT and individual tree species differed in their robustness. A simplified parameterisation of the flux model was tested and showed that for most non-Mediterranean tree species, this simplified model led to similarly robust DRR as compared to a species- and climate region-specific parameterisation. Experimentally induced soil water stress was not found to substantially reduce PODy, mainly due to the short duration of soil water stress periods. This study validates the stomatal O3 flux concept and represents a step forward in predicting O3 damage to forests in a spatially and temporally varying climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Büker
- Stockholm Environment Institute at York, Environment Department, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom.
| | - Z Feng
- Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Haidan District, 100085 Beijing, China.
| | - J Uddling
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 461, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - A Briolat
- Stockholm Environment Institute at York, Environment Department, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom.
| | - R Alonso
- Ecotoxicology of Air Pollution, CIEMAT, Av. Complutense 40, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - S Braun
- Institut für Angewandte Pflanzenbiologie (IAP), Sandgrubenstraβe 25/27, 4124 Schönenbuch, Switzerland.
| | - S Elvira
- Ecotoxicology of Air Pollution, CIEMAT, Av. Complutense 40, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - G Gerosa
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "Niccolò Tartaglia", Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, via Musei 41, 25121 Brescia, Italy.
| | - P E Karlsson
- Swedish Environmental Research Institute, IVL, Box 5302, 40014 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - D Le Thiec
- UMR Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestières, INRA, Rue D'Amance, 54280 Champenoux, France.
| | - R Marzuoli
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "Niccolò Tartaglia", Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, via Musei 41, 25121 Brescia, Italy.
| | - G Mills
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Environment Centre Wales, Deiniol Road, Bangor, Gwynedd, LL57 2UW, United Kingdom.
| | - E Oksanen
- Department of Biology, University of Eastern Finland, Post Box 111, 80101 Joensuu, Finland.
| | - G Wieser
- Department for Natural Hazards and Alpine Timberline, Federal Research and Training Centre for Forests, Natural Hazards and Landscape, Hofburg 1, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - M Wilkinson
- Centre for Sustainable Forestry & Climate Change, Forest Research, Alice Holt Lodge, Farnham, Surrey, GU10 4LH, United Kingdom.
| | - L D Emberson
- Stockholm Environment Institute at York, Environment Department, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom.
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Hasper TB, Wallin G, Lamba S, Hall M, Jaramillo F, Laudon H, Linder S, Medhurst JL, Räntfors M, Sigurdsson BD, Uddling J. Water use by Swedish boreal forests in a changing climate. Funct Ecol 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas B. Hasper
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of Gothenburg PO Box 461 Gothenburg SE‐405 30 Sweden
| | - Göran Wallin
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of Gothenburg PO Box 461 Gothenburg SE‐405 30 Sweden
| | - Shubhangi Lamba
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of Gothenburg PO Box 461 Gothenburg SE‐405 30 Sweden
| | - Marianne Hall
- Centre for Environmental and Climate Research Lund University Sölvegatan 37 SE‐223 62 Lund Sweden
| | - Fernando Jaramillo
- Department of Physical Geography Stockholm University SE‐106 91 Stockholm Sweden
- Bolin Centre for Climate Research Stockholm University SE‐106 91 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Hjalmar Laudon
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU) SE‐901 83 Umeå Sweden
| | - Sune Linder
- Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences PO Box 49 SE‐230 53 Alnarp Sweden
| | - Jane L. Medhurst
- CRC for Forestry School of Plant Science University of Tasmania Private Bag 12 Hobart 7001 Tas. Australia
| | - Mats Räntfors
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of Gothenburg PO Box 461 Gothenburg SE‐405 30 Sweden
| | | | - Johan Uddling
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of Gothenburg PO Box 461 Gothenburg SE‐405 30 Sweden
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Feng Z, Rütting T, Pleijel H, Wallin G, Reich PB, Kammann CI, Newton PCD, Kobayashi K, Luo Y, Uddling J. Constraints to nitrogen acquisition of terrestrial plants under elevated CO2. Glob Chang Biol 2015; 21:3152-68. [PMID: 25846203 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.12938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
A key part of the uncertainty in terrestrial feedbacks on climate change is related to how and to what extent nitrogen (N) availability constrains the stimulation of terrestrial productivity by elevated CO2 (eCO2 ), and whether or not this constraint will become stronger over time. We explored the ecosystem-scale relationship between responses of plant productivity and N acquisition to eCO2 in free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) experiments in grassland, cropland and forest ecosystems and found that: (i) in all three ecosystem types, this relationship was positive, linear and strong (r(2) = 0.68), but exhibited a negative intercept such that plant N acquisition was decreased by 10% when eCO2 caused neutral or modest changes in productivity. As the ecosystems were markedly N limited, plants with minimal productivity responses to eCO2 likely acquired less N than ambient CO2 -grown counterparts because access was decreased, and not because demand was lower. (ii) Plant N concentration was lower under eCO2 , and this decrease was independent of the presence or magnitude of eCO2 -induced productivity enhancement, refuting the long-held hypothesis that this effect results from growth dilution. (iii) Effects of eCO2 on productivity and N acquisition did not diminish over time, while the typical eCO2 -induced decrease in plant N concentration did. Our results suggest that, at the decennial timescale covered by FACE studies, N limitation of eCO2 -induced terrestrial productivity enhancement is associated with negative effects of eCO2 on plant N acquisition rather than with growth dilution of plant N or processes leading to progressive N limitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaozhong Feng
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, P.O. Box 461, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, 100085, Beijing, China
| | - Tobias Rütting
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, P.O. Box 461, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Gothenburg, P.O. Box 460, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Håkan Pleijel
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, P.O. Box 461, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Göran Wallin
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, P.O. Box 461, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Peter B Reich
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, 1530 Cleveland Avenue North, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, University of Western Sydney, Penrith, NSW, 2753, Australia
| | - Claudia I Kammann
- Department of Plant Ecology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Paul C D Newton
- AgResearch Grasslands, Private Bag 11008, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Kazuhiko Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Yunjian Luo
- Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 361021, Xiamen, China
| | - Johan Uddling
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, P.O. Box 461, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Vårhammar A, Wallin G, McLean CM, Dusenge ME, Medlyn BE, Hasper TB, Nsabimana D, Uddling J. Photosynthetic temperature responses of tree species in Rwanda: evidence of pronounced negative effects of high temperature in montane rainforest climax species. New Phytol 2015; 206:1000-1012. [PMID: 25656943 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The sensitivity of photosynthetic metabolism to temperature has been identified as a key uncertainty for projecting the magnitude of the terrestrial feedback on future climate change. While temperature responses of photosynthetic capacities have been comparatively well investigated in temperate species, the responses of tropical tree species remain unexplored. We compared the responses of seedlings of native cold-adapted tropical montane rainforest tree species with those of exotic warm-adapted plantation species, all growing in an intermediate temperature common garden in Rwanda. Leaf gas exchange responses to carbon dioxide (CO2 ) at different temperatures (20-40°C) were used to assess the temperature responses of biochemical photosynthetic capacities. Analyses revealed a lower optimum temperature for photosynthetic electron transport rates than for Rubisco carboxylation rates, along with lower electron transport optima in the native cold-adapted than in the exotic warm-adapted species. The photosynthetic optimum temperatures were generally exceeded by daytime peak leaf temperatures, in particular in the native montane rainforest climax species. This study thus provides evidence of pronounced negative effects of high temperature in tropical trees and indicates high susceptibility of montane rainforest climax species to future global warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelica Vårhammar
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Göran Wallin
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Christopher M McLean
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Mirindi Eric Dusenge
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Biology, University of Rwanda, Huye, Rwanda
| | - Belinda E Medlyn
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Thomas B Hasper
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Johan Uddling
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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40
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Dusenge ME, Wallin G, Gårdesten J, Niyonzima F, Adolfsson L, Nsabimana D, Uddling J. Photosynthetic capacity of tropical montane tree species in relation to leaf nutrients, successional strategy and growth temperature. Oecologia 2015; 177:1183-94. [PMID: 25694041 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-015-3260-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Photosynthetic capacity of tree leaves is typically positively related to nutrient content and little affected by changes in growth temperature. These relationships are, however, often poorly supported for tropical trees, for which interspecific differences may be more strongly controlled by within-leaf nutrient allocation than by absolute leaf nutrient content, and little is known regarding photosynthetic acclimation to temperature. To explore the influence of leaf nutrient status, successional strategy and growth temperature on the photosynthetic capacity of tropical trees, we collected data on photosynthetic, chemical and morphological leaf traits of ten tree species in Rwanda. Seven species were studied in a forest plantation at mid-altitude (~1,700 m), whereas six species were studied in a cooler montane rainforest at higher altitude (~2,500 m). Three species were common to both sites, and, in the montane rainforest, three pioneer species and three climax species were investigated. Across species, interspecific variation in photosynthetic capacity was not related to leaf nutrient content. Instead, this variation was related to differences in within-leaf nitrogen allocation, with a tradeoff between investments into compounds related to photosynthetic capacity (higher in pioneer species) versus light-harvesting compounds (higher in climax species). Photosynthetic capacity was significantly lower at the warmer site at 1,700 m altitude. We conclude that (1) within-leaf nutrient allocation is more important than leaf nutrient content per se in controlling interspecific variation in photosynthetic capacity among tree species in tropical Rwanda, and that (2) tropical montane rainforest species exhibit decreased photosynthetic capacity when grown in a warmer environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirindi Eric Dusenge
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 461, SE-405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
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41
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Adolfsson L, Solymosi K, Andersson MX, Keresztes Á, Uddling J, Schoefs B, Spetea C. Mycorrhiza symbiosis increases the surface for sunlight capture in Medicago truncatula for better photosynthetic production. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0115314. [PMID: 25615871 PMCID: PMC4304716 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi play a prominent role in plant nutrition by supplying mineral nutrients, particularly inorganic phosphate (Pi), and also constitute an important carbon sink. AM stimulates plant growth and development, but the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. In this study, Medicago truncatula plants were grown with Rhizophagus irregularis BEG141 inoculum (AM), mock inoculum (control) or with P(i) fertilization. We hypothesized that AM stimulates plant growth through either modifications of leaf anatomy or photosynthetic activity per leaf area. We investigated whether these effects are shared with P(i) fertilization, and also assessed the relationship between levels of AM colonization and these effects. We found that increased P(i) supply by either mycorrhization or fertilization led to improved shoot growth associated with increased nitrogen uptake and carbon assimilation. Both mycorrhized and P(i)-fertilized plants had more and longer branches with larger and thicker leaves than the control plants, resulting in an increased photosynthetically active area. AM-specific effects were earlier appearance of the first growth axes and increased number of chloroplasts per cell section, since they were not induced by P(i) fertilization. Photosynthetic activity per leaf area remained the same regardless of type of treatment. In conclusion, the increase in growth of mycorrhized and P(i)-fertilized Medicago truncatula plants is linked to an increase in the surface for sunlight capture, hence increasing their photosynthetic production, rather than to an increase in the photosynthetic activity per leaf area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Adolfsson
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 461, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Katalin Solymosi
- Department of Plant Anatomy, Eötvös Loránd University, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mats X. Andersson
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 461, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Áron Keresztes
- Department of Plant Anatomy, Eötvös Loránd University, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Johan Uddling
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 461, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Benoît Schoefs
- Mer, Molécules, Santé, MicroMar—EA2160, LUNAM Université, IUML – FR 3473 CNRS, University of Le Mans, 72085 Le Mans Cedex 9, France
| | - Cornelia Spetea
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 461, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
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42
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Tarvainen L, Wallin G, Räntfors M, Uddling J. Weak vertical canopy gradients of photosynthetic capacities and stomatal responses in a fertile Norway spruce stand. Oecologia 2013; 173:1179-89. [DOI: 10.1007/s00442-013-2703-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2012] [Accepted: 06/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Uddling J, Wallin G. Interacting effects of elevated CO2 and weather variability on photosynthesis of mature boreal Norway spruce agree with biochemical model predictions. Tree Physiol 2012; 32:1509-1521. [PMID: 23042768 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tps086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
According to well-known biochemical and biophysical mechanisms, the stimulation of C(3) photosynthesis by elevated atmospheric CO(2) concentration ([CO(2)]) is strongly modified by changes in temperature and radiation. In order to investigate whether a static parameterization of the commonly used Farquhar et al. model of photosynthesis (i.e., without CO(2)-induced seasonal or thermal acclimation of photosynthetic capacity) can accurately predict these interactions in mature boreal Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) during the frost-free part of the growing season, shoot gas exchange was continuously measured on trees during their second/third year of exposure to ambient or doubled [CO(2)] inside whole-tree chambers. The relative CO(2)-induced enhancement of net photosynthesis (A(n)) at a given temperature remained stable over the study period, but increased strongly with temperature and radiation, in agreement with predictions by the model. Light-saturated A(n) (+67% at 20 °C), dark respiration (+36%) and intercellular to ambient [CO(2)] ratio (c(i)/c(a); +27%) were significantly increased by CO(2) treatment. Stomatal conductance (g(s)) was not significantly affected. Our results demonstrate that the Farquhar et al. model of photosynthesis has the capability to predict interactions between [CO(2)] and seasonal weather variability on A(n) in Norway spruce during the non-frost growing season without accounting for CO(2)-induced seasonal and/or thermal photosynthetic acclimation. However, stomatal model assumptions of reduced g(s) and constant c(i)/c(a) under rising atmospheric [CO(2)] did not hold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Uddling
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 461, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Uddling J, Matyssek R, Pettersson JBC, Wieser G. To what extent do molecular collisions arising from water vapour efflux impede stomatal O3 influx? Environ Pollut 2012; 170:39-42. [PMID: 22763329 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2012.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2011] [Revised: 05/28/2012] [Accepted: 05/30/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Pre-requisite for reliable O(3) risk assessment for plants is determination of stomatal O(3) uptake. One unaddressed uncertainty in this context relates to transpiration-induced molecular collisions impeding stomatal O(3) influx. This study quantifies, through physical modelling, the error made when estimating stomatal O(3) flux without accounting for molecular collisions arising from transpiratory mass flow of gas out of the leaf. The analysis demonstrates that the error increases with increasing leaf-to-air water vapour mole fraction difference (Δw), being zero in water vapour saturated air and 4.2% overestimation at Δw of 0.05. Overestimation is approximately twice as large in empirical studies quantifying stomatal O(3) flux from measured leaf or canopy water flux, if neglecting both water vapour-dry air collisions (causing overestimation of leaf conductance) and collisions involving O(3). Correction for transpiration-induced molecular collisions is thus relevant for both empirical research and for large-scale modelling of stomatal O(3) flux across strong spatial Δw gradients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Uddling
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden.
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Feng Z, Tang H, Uddling J, Pleijel H, Kobayashi K, Zhu J, Oue H, Guo W. A stomatal ozone flux-response relationship to assess ozone-induced yield loss of winter wheat in subtropical China. Environ Pollut 2012; 164:16-23. [PMID: 22310057 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2012.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2011] [Revised: 01/12/2012] [Accepted: 01/14/2012] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Stomatal ozone flux and flux-response relationships were derived for winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grown under fully open-air ozone fumigation. A stomatal conductance (g(sto)) model developed for wheat in Europe was re-parameterized. Compared to European model parameterizations, the main changes were that the VPD and radiation response functions were made less and more restrictive, respectively, and that the temperature function was omitted. The re-parameterized g(sto) model performed well with an r(2) value of 0.76. The slope and intercept of the regression between observed and predicted g(sto) were not significantly different from 1 to 0, respectively. An ozone uptake threshold of 12 nmol m(-2) s(-1) was judged most reasonable for the wheat flux-response relationship in subtropical China. Judging from both flux- and concentration-based relationships, the cultivars investigated seem to be more sensitive to ozone than European cultivars. The new flux-response relationship can be applied to ozone risk assessment in subtropical regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaozhong Feng
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, P.O Box 461, SE-405 30, Göteborg, Sweden.
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Onandia G, Olsson AK, Barth S, King JS, Uddling J. Exposure to moderate concentrations of tropospheric ozone impairs tree stomatal response to carbon dioxide. Environ Pollut 2011; 159:2350-2354. [PMID: 21733606 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2011.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2011] [Revised: 05/31/2011] [Accepted: 06/02/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
With rising concentrations of both atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO(2)) and tropospheric ozone (O(3)), it is important to better understand the interacting effects of these two trace gases on plant physiology affecting land-atmosphere gas exchange. We investigated the effect of growth under elevated CO(2) and O(3), singly and in combination, on the primary short-term stomatal response to CO(2) concentration in paper birch at the Aspen FACE experiment. Leaves from trees grown in elevated CO(2) and/or O(3) exhibited weaker short-term responses of stomatal conductance to both an increase and a decrease in CO(2) concentration from current ambient level. The impairement of the stomatal CO(2) response by O(3) most likely developed progressively over the growing season as assessed by sap flux measurements. Our results suggest that expectations of plant water-savings and reduced stomatal air pollution uptake under rising atmospheric CO(2) may not hold for northern hardwood forests under concurrently rising tropospheric O(3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Onandia
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 461, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
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Pleijel H, Uddling J. Yield vs. quality trade-offs for wheat in response to carbon dioxide and ozone. Glob Chang Biol 2011:n/a-n/a. [PMID: 23505094 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02489.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2011] [Accepted: 06/08/2011] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Although it is established that there exist potential trade-offs between grain yield and grain quality in wheat exposed to elevated carbon dioxide (CO2 ) and ozone (O3 ), their underlying causes remain poorly explored. To investigate the processes affecting grain quality under altered CO2 and O3 , we analysed 57 experiments with CO2 or O3 exposure in different exposure systems. The study covered 24 cultivars studied in 112 experimental treatments from 11 countries. A significant growth dilution effect on grain protein was found: a change in grain yield of 10% by O3 was associated with a change in grain protein yield of 8.1% (R2 =0.96), while a change in yield effect of 10% by CO2 was linked to a change in grain protein yield effect of 7.5% (R2 =0.74). Superimposed on this effect, elevated CO2 , but not O3 , had a significant negative effect on grain protein yield also in the absence of effects on grain yield, indicating that there exists a process by which CO2 restricts grain protein accumulation, which is absent for O3 . Grain mass, another quality trait, was more strongly affected by O3 than grain number, while the opposite was true for CO2 . Harvest index was strongly and negatively influenced by O3 , but was unaffected by CO2 . We conclude that yield vs. protein trade-offs for wheat in response to CO2 and O3 are constrained by close relationships between effects on grain biomass and less than proportional effects on grain protein. An important and novel finding was that elevated CO2 has a direct negative effect on grain protein accumulation independent of the yield effect, supporting recent evidence of CO2 -induced impairment of nitrate uptake/assimilation. Finally, our results demonstrated that processes underlying responses of grain yield vs. quality trade-offs are very different in wheat exposed to elevated O3 compared to elevated CO2 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Håkan Pleijel
- University of Gothenburg, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, P.O. Box 461, SE-405 30, Göteborg, Sweden
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48
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Pleijel H, Uddling J. Yield vs. quality trade-offs for wheat in response to carbon dioxide and ozone. Glob Chang Biol 2011; 18:596-605. [PMID: 23505094 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.2489.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2011] [Accepted: 06/08/2011] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Although it is established that there exist potential trade-offs between grain yield and grain quality in wheat exposed to elevated carbon dioxide (CO2 ) and ozone (O3 ), their underlying causes remain poorly explored. To investigate the processes affecting grain quality under altered CO2 and O3 , we analysed 57 experiments with CO2 or O3 exposure in different exposure systems. The study covered 24 cultivars studied in 112 experimental treatments from 11 countries. A significant growth dilution effect on grain protein was found: a change in grain yield of 10% by O3 was associated with a change in grain protein yield of 8.1% (R2 =0.96), while a change in yield effect of 10% by CO2 was linked to a change in grain protein yield effect of 7.5% (R2 =0.74). Superimposed on this effect, elevated CO2 , but not O3 , had a significant negative effect on grain protein yield also in the absence of effects on grain yield, indicating that there exists a process by which CO2 restricts grain protein accumulation, which is absent for O3 . Grain mass, another quality trait, was more strongly affected by O3 than grain number, while the opposite was true for CO2 . Harvest index was strongly and negatively influenced by O3 , but was unaffected by CO2 . We conclude that yield vs. protein trade-offs for wheat in response to CO2 and O3 are constrained by close relationships between effects on grain biomass and less than proportional effects on grain protein. An important and novel finding was that elevated CO2 has a direct negative effect on grain protein accumulation independent of the yield effect, supporting recent evidence of CO2 -induced impairment of nitrate uptake/assimilation. Finally, our results demonstrated that processes underlying responses of grain yield vs. quality trade-offs are very different in wheat exposed to elevated O3 compared to elevated CO2 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Håkan Pleijel
- University of Gothenburg, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, P.O. Box 461, SE-405 30, Göteborg, Sweden
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Uddling J, Hogg AJ, Teclaw RM, Carroll MA, Ellsworth DS. Stomatal uptake of O3 in aspen and aspen-birch forests under free-air CO2 and O3 enrichment. Environ Pollut 2010; 158:2023-2031. [PMID: 20089338 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2009.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2009] [Accepted: 12/01/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Rising atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) may alleviate the toxicological impacts of concurrently rising tropospheric ozone (O3) during the present century if higher CO2 is accompanied by lower stomatal conductance (gs), as assumed by many models. We investigated how elevated concentrations of CO2 and O3, alone and in combination, affected the accumulated stomatal flux of O3 (AFst) by canopies and sun leaves in closed aspen and aspen-birch forests in the free-air CO2-O3 enrichment experiment near Rhinelander, Wisconsin. Stomatal conductance for O3 was derived from sap flux data and AFst was estimated either neglecting or accounting for the potential influence of non-stomatal leaf surface O3 deposition. Leaf-level AFst (AFst(l)) was not reduced by elevated CO2. Instead, there was a significant CO2 x O(3) interaction on AFst(l), as a consequence of lower values of gs in control plots and the combination treatment than in the two single-gas treatments. In addition, aspen leaves had higher AFst(l) than birch leaves, and estimates of AFst(l) were not very sensitive to non-stomatal leaf surface O3 deposition. Our results suggest that model projections of large CO2-induced reductions in gs alleviating the adverse effect of rising tropospheric O3 may not be reasonable for northern hardwood forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Uddling
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, P.O. Box 461, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden.
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Karlsson PE, Pleijel H, Danielsson H, Karlsson GP, Piikki K, Uddling J. Evidence for impacts of near-ambient ozone concentrations on vegetation in southern Sweden. Ambio 2009; 38:425-431. [PMID: 20175441 DOI: 10.1579/0044-7447-38.8.425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Substantial impacts of near-ambient ozone concentrations on agricultural crops, trees, and seminatural vegetation are demonstrated for southern Sweden. Impacts of ambient ozone levels (2-15 microL L(-1) hr annual accumulated ozone exposure over a threshold of 40 nL L(-1) [AOT40]) range from a 2%-10% reduction for trees (e.g., leaf chlorophyll, tree growth) up to a 15% reduction for crops (e.g., yield, wheat/potato). Visible leaf injury on bioindicator plants caused by ambient ozone levels has been clearly demonstrated. The humid climatic conditions in Sweden promote high rates of leaf ozone uptake at a certain ozone concentration. This likely explains the comparatively large ozone impacts found for vegetation in southern Sweden at relatively low ozone concentrations in the air. It is important that the future methods used for the representation of ozone impacts on vegetation across Europe are based on the leaf ozone uptake concept and not on concentration-based exposure indices, such as AOT40.
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