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Pankievicz VCS, Irving TB, Maia LGS, Ané JM. Are we there yet? The long walk towards the development of efficient symbiotic associations between nitrogen-fixing bacteria and non-leguminous crops. BMC Biol 2019; 17:99. [PMID: 31796086 PMCID: PMC6889567 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-019-0710-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen is an essential element of life, and nitrogen availability often limits crop yields. Since the Green Revolution, massive amounts of synthetic nitrogen fertilizers have been produced from atmospheric nitrogen and natural gas, threatening the sustainability of global food production and degrading the environment. There is a need for alternative means of bringing nitrogen to crops, and taking greater advantage of biological nitrogen fixation seems a logical option. Legumes are used in most cropping systems around the world because of the nitrogen-fixing symbiosis with rhizobia. However, the world's three major cereal crops-rice, wheat, and maize-do not associate with rhizobia. In this review, we will survey how genetic approaches in rhizobia and their legume hosts allowed tremendous progress in understanding the molecular mechanisms controlling root nodule symbioses, and how this knowledge paves the way for engineering such associations in non-legume crops. We will also discuss challenges in bringing these systems into the field and how they can be surmounted by interdisciplinary collaborations between synthetic biologists, microbiologists, plant biologists, breeders, agronomists, and policymakers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas B Irving
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Lucas G S Maia
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jean-Michel Ané
- Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.
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52
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He J, Zhang C, Dai H, Liu H, Zhang X, Yang J, Chen X, Zhu Y, Wang D, Qi X, Li W, Wang Z, An G, Yu N, He Z, Wang YF, Xiao Y, Zhang P, Wang E. A LysM Receptor Heteromer Mediates Perception of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiotic Signal in Rice. MOLECULAR PLANT 2019; 12:1561-1576. [PMID: 31706032 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2019.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Symbiotic microorganisms improve nutrient uptake by plants. To initiate mutualistic symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, plants perceive Myc factors, including lipochitooligosaccharides (LCOs) and short-chain chitooligosaccharides (CO4/CO5), secreted by AM fungi. However, the molecular mechanism of Myc factor perception remains elusive. In this study, we identified a heteromer of LysM receptor-like kinases consisting of OsMYR1/OsLYK2 and OsCERK1 that mediates the perception of AM fungi in rice. CO4 directly binds to OsMYR1, promoting the dimerization and phosphorylation of this receptor complex. Compared with control plants, Osmyr1 and Oscerk1 mutant rice plants are less sensitive to Myc factors and show decreased AM colonization. We engineered transgenic rice by expressing chimeric receptors that respectively replaced the ectodomains of OsMYR1 and OsCERK1 with those from the homologous Nod factor receptors MtNFP and MtLYK3 of Medicago truncatula. Transgenic plants displayed increased calcium oscillations in response to Nod factors compared with control rice. Our study provides significant mechanistic insights into AM symbiotic signal perception in rice. Expression of chimeric Nod/Myc receptors achieves a potentially important step toward generating cereals that host nitrogen-fixing bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangman He
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Huiling Dai
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Huan Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jun Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xi Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Yayun Zhu
- College of Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Dapeng Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Crop Stress Biology, Henan Province, Institute of Plant Stress Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Department of Biology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Xiaofeng Qi
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Weichao Li
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Zhihui Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Guoyong An
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Crop Stress Biology, Henan Province, Institute of Plant Stress Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Department of Biology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Nan Yu
- College of Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Zuhua He
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yong-Fei Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Youli Xiao
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ertao Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China.
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53
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Cui L, Guo F, Zhang J, Yang S, Meng J, Geng Y, Li X, Wan S. Synergy of arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis and exogenous Ca 2+ benefits peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) growth through the shared hormone and flavonoid pathway. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16281. [PMID: 31700111 PMCID: PMC6838158 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52630-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Peanut yield is severely affected by exchangeable calcium ion (Ca2+) deficiency in the soil. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis increases the absorption of Ca2+ for host plants. Here, we analyzed the physiological and transcriptional changes in the roots of Arachis hypogaea L. colonized by Funneliformis mosseae under Ca2+-deficient and -sufficient conditions. The results showed that exogenous Ca2+ application increased arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) colonization, plant dry weight, and Ca content of AM plants. Simultaneously, transcriptome analysis showed that Ca2+ application further induced 74.5% of differentially expressed gene transcripts in roots of AM peanut seedlings. These genes are involved in AM symbiosis development, hormone biosynthesis and signal transduction, and carotenoid and flavonoid biosynthesis. The transcripts of AM-specific marker genes in AM plants with Ca2+ deprivation were further up-regulated by Ca2+ application. Gibberellic acid (GA3) and flavonoid contents were higher in roots of AM- and Ca2+-treated plants, but salicylic acid (SA) and carotenoid contents specifically increased in roots of the AM plants. Thus, these results suggest that the synergy of AM symbiosis and Ca2+ improves plant growth due to the shared GA- and flavonoid-mediated pathway, whereas SA and carotenoid biosynthesis in peanut roots are specific to AM symbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Cui
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Feng Guo
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Jialei Zhang
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Sha Yang
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - JingJing Meng
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Yun Geng
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Xinguo Li
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China.
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, Jinan, 250100, China.
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China.
| | - Shubo Wan
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, Jinan, 250100, China.
- Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences and Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and Ecological Physiology of Shandong Province, Jinan, 250100, China.
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54
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Feng F, Sun J, Radhakrishnan GV, Lee T, Bozsóki Z, Fort S, Gavrin A, Gysel K, Thygesen MB, Andersen KR, Radutoiu S, Stougaard J, Oldroyd GED. A combination of chitooligosaccharide and lipochitooligosaccharide recognition promotes arbuscular mycorrhizal associations in Medicago truncatula. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5047. [PMID: 31695035 PMCID: PMC6834629 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12999-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants associate with beneficial arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi facilitating nutrient acquisition. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi produce chitooligosaccharides (COs) and lipo-chitooligosaccharides (LCOs), that promote symbiosis signalling with resultant oscillations in nuclear-associated calcium. The activation of symbiosis signalling must be balanced with activation of immunity signalling, which in fungal interactions is promoted by COs resulting from the chitinaceous fungal cell wall. Here we demonstrate that COs ranging from CO4-CO8 can induce symbiosis signalling in Medicago truncatula. CO perception is a function of the receptor-like kinases MtCERK1 and LYR4, that activate both immunity and symbiosis signalling. A combination of LCOs and COs act synergistically to enhance symbiosis signalling and suppress immunity signalling and receptors involved in both CO and LCO perception are necessary for mycorrhizal establishment. We conclude that LCOs, when present in a mix with COs, drive a symbiotic outcome and this mix of signals is essential for arbuscular mycorrhizal establishment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Feng
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, 47 Bateman Street, Cambridge, CB2 1LR, UK
| | - Jongho Sun
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, 47 Bateman Street, Cambridge, CB2 1LR, UK
| | - Guru V Radhakrishnan
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Tak Lee
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, 47 Bateman Street, Cambridge, CB2 1LR, UK
| | - Zoltán Bozsóki
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, 8000 C, Denmark
| | - Sébastien Fort
- Université de Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CERMAV, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Aleksander Gavrin
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, 47 Bateman Street, Cambridge, CB2 1LR, UK
| | - Kira Gysel
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, 8000 C, Denmark
| | - Mikkel B Thygesen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, 1871 C, Denmark
| | | | - Simona Radutoiu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, 8000 C, Denmark
| | - Jens Stougaard
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, 8000 C, Denmark
| | - Giles E D Oldroyd
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, 47 Bateman Street, Cambridge, CB2 1LR, UK.
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55
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Shimoda Y, Imaizumi-Anraku H, Hayashi M. Kinase activity-dependent stability of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase of Lotus japonicus. PLANTA 2019; 250:1773-1779. [PMID: 31440828 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-019-03264-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Accumulation of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CCaMK) in root cell nucleus depends on its kinase activity but not on nuclear symbiotic components crucial for nodulation. Plant calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CCaMK) is a key regulator of symbioses with rhizobia and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi as it decodes symbiotic calcium signals induced by microsymbionts. CCaMK is expressed mainly in root cells and localizes to the nucleus, where microsymbiont-triggered calcium oscillations occur. The molecular mechanisms that control CCaMK localization are unknown. Here, we analyzed the expression and subcellular localization of mutated CCaMK in the roots of Lotus japonicus and found a clear relation between CCaMK kinase activity and its stability. Kinase-defective CCaMK variants showed lower protein levels than the variants with kinase activity. The levels of transcripts driven by the CaMV 35S promoter were similar among the variants, indicating that stability of CCaMK is regulated post-translationally. We also demonstrated that CCaMK localized to the root cell nucleus in several symbiotic mutants, including cyclops, an interaction partner and phosphorylation target of CCaMK. Our results suggest that kinase activity of CCaMK is required not only for the activation of downstream symbiotic components but also for its stability in root cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshikazu Shimoda
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
| | - Haruko Imaizumi-Anraku
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Makoto Hayashi
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Plant Symbiosis Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
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56
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Chabaud M, Fournier J, Brichet L, Abdou-Pavy I, Imanishi L, Brottier L, Pirolles E, Hocher V, Franche C, Bogusz D, Wall LG, Svistoonoff S, Gherbi H, Barker DG. Chitotetraose activates the fungal-dependent endosymbiotic signaling pathway in actinorhizal plant species. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0223149. [PMID: 31600251 PMCID: PMC6786586 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutualistic plant-microbe associations are widespread in natural ecosystems and have made major contributions throughout the evolutionary history of terrestrial plants. Amongst the most remarkable of these are the so-called root endosymbioses, resulting from the intracellular colonization of host tissues by either arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi or nitrogen-fixing bacteria that both provide key nutrients to the host in exchange for energy-rich photosynthates. Actinorhizal host plants, members of the Eurosid 1 clade, are able to associate with both AM fungi and nitrogen-fixing actinomycetes known as Frankia. Currently, little is known about the molecular signaling that allows these plants to recognize their fungal and bacterial partners. In this article, we describe the use of an in vivo Ca2+ reporter to identify symbiotic signaling responses to AM fungi in roots of both Casuarina glauca and Discaria trinervis, actinorhizal species with contrasting modes of Frankia colonization. This approach has revealed that, for both actinorhizal hosts, the short-chain chitin oligomer chitotetraose is able to mimic AM fungal exudates in activating the conserved symbiosis signaling pathway (CSSP) in epidermal root cells targeted by AM fungi. These results mirror findings in other AM host plants including legumes and the monocot rice. In addition, we show that chitotetraose is a more efficient elicitor of CSSP activation compared to AM fungal lipo-chitooligosaccharides. These findings reinforce the likely role of short-chain chitin oligomers during the initial stages of the AM association, and are discussed in relation to both our current knowledge about molecular signaling during Frankia recognition as well as the different microsymbiont root colonization mechanisms employed by actinorhizal hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireille Chabaud
- Laboratory of Plant-Microbe Interactions (INRA/CNRS/University of Toulouse), Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Joëlle Fournier
- Laboratory of Plant-Microbe Interactions (INRA/CNRS/University of Toulouse), Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Lukas Brichet
- Laboratory of Plant-Microbe Interactions (INRA/CNRS/University of Toulouse), Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Iltaf Abdou-Pavy
- Laboratory of Plant-Microbe Interactions (INRA/CNRS/University of Toulouse), Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Leandro Imanishi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Soil Biological Interactions, Department of Science and Technology, National University of Quilmes, CONICET, Bernal, Argentina
| | - Laurent Brottier
- Laboratory of Tropical and Mediterranean Symbioses (IRD/INRA/CIRAD/University of Montpellier/Supagro), Montpellier, France
| | - Elodie Pirolles
- Laboratory of Tropical and Mediterranean Symbioses (IRD/INRA/CIRAD/University of Montpellier/Supagro), Montpellier, France
| | - Valérie Hocher
- Laboratory of Tropical and Mediterranean Symbioses (IRD/INRA/CIRAD/University of Montpellier/Supagro), Montpellier, France
| | - Claudine Franche
- Plant Diversity, Adaptation and Development (IRD/University of Montpellier), Montpellier, France
| | - Didier Bogusz
- Plant Diversity, Adaptation and Development (IRD/University of Montpellier), Montpellier, France
| | - Luis G. Wall
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Soil Biological Interactions, Department of Science and Technology, National University of Quilmes, CONICET, Bernal, Argentina
| | - Sergio Svistoonoff
- Laboratory of Tropical and Mediterranean Symbioses (IRD/INRA/CIRAD/University of Montpellier/Supagro), Montpellier, France
| | - Hassen Gherbi
- Laboratory of Tropical and Mediterranean Symbioses (IRD/INRA/CIRAD/University of Montpellier/Supagro), Montpellier, France
| | - David G. Barker
- Laboratory of Plant-Microbe Interactions (INRA/CNRS/University of Toulouse), Castanet-Tolosan, France
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57
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Cope KR, Bascaules A, Irving TB, Venkateshwaran M, Maeda J, Garcia K, Rush TA, Ma C, Labbé J, Jawdy S, Steigerwald E, Setzke J, Fung E, Schnell KG, Wang Y, Schlief N, Bücking H, Strauss SH, Maillet F, Jargeat P, Bécard G, Puech-Pagès V, Ané JM. The Ectomycorrhizal Fungus Laccaria bicolor Produces Lipochitooligosaccharides and Uses the Common Symbiosis Pathway to Colonize Populus Roots. THE PLANT CELL 2019; 31:2386-2410. [PMID: 31416823 PMCID: PMC6790088 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.18.00676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Mycorrhizal fungi form mutualistic associations with the roots of most land plants and provide them with mineral nutrients from the soil in exchange for fixed carbon derived from photosynthesis. The common symbiosis pathway (CSP) is a conserved molecular signaling pathway in all plants capable of associating with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. It is required not only for arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis but also for rhizobia-legume and actinorhizal symbioses. Given its role in such diverse symbiotic associations, we hypothesized that the CSP also plays a role in ectomycorrhizal associations. We showed that the ectomycorrhizal fungus Laccaria bicolor produces an array of lipochitooligosaccharides (LCOs) that can trigger both root hair branching in legumes and, most importantly, calcium spiking in the host plant Populus in a CASTOR/POLLUX-dependent manner. Nonsulfated LCOs enhanced lateral root development in Populus in a calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CCaMK)-dependent manner, and sulfated LCOs enhanced the colonization of Populus by L. bicolor Compared with the wild-type Populus, the colonization of CASTOR/POLLUX and CCaMK RNA interference lines by L. bicolor was reduced. Our work demonstrates that similar to other root symbioses, L. bicolor uses the CSP for the full establishment of its mutualistic association with Populus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin R Cope
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
- Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Adeline Bascaules
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Thomas B Irving
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
- Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | | | - Junko Maeda
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
- Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Kevin Garcia
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
- Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Tomás A Rush
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
- Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Cathleen Ma
- Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331
| | - Jessy Labbé
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831
| | - Sara Jawdy
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831
| | - Edward Steigerwald
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Jonathan Setzke
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Emmeline Fung
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
- Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Kimberly G Schnell
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
- Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Yunqian Wang
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Nathaniel Schlief
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
- Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Heike Bücking
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota 57007
| | - Steven H Strauss
- Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331
| | - Fabienne Maillet
- Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes, Université de Toulouse, INRA, CNRS, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Patricia Jargeat
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831
- Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique, Université de Toulouse, UPS, CNRS, IRD, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Guillaume Bécard
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Virginie Puech-Pagès
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Jean-Michel Ané
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
- Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
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58
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Masselin A, Petrelli A, Donzel M, Armand S, Cottaz S, Fort S. Unprecedented Affinity Labeling of Carbohydrate-Binding Proteins with s-Triazinyl Glycosides. Bioconjug Chem 2019; 30:2332-2339. [PMID: 31403275 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.9b00432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrate-protein interactions trigger a wide range of biological signaling pathways, the mainstays of physiological and pathological processes. However, there are an incredible number of carbohydrate-binding proteins (CBPs) that remain to be identified and characterized. This study reports for the first time the covalent labeling of CBPs by triazinyl glycosides, a new and promising class of affinity-based glycoprobes. Mono- and bis-clickable triazinyl glycosides were efficiently synthesized from unprotected oligosaccharides (chitinpentaose and 2'-fucosyl-lactose) in a single step. These molecules allow the specific covalent labeling of chitin-oligosaccharide-binding proteins (wheat germ agglutinin WGA and Bc ChiA1 D202A, an inactivated chitinase) and fucosyl-binding lectin (UEA-I), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Masselin
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CERMAV , 38000 Grenoble , France
| | | | - Maxime Donzel
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CERMAV , 38000 Grenoble , France
| | - Sylvie Armand
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CERMAV , 38000 Grenoble , France
| | - Sylvain Cottaz
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CERMAV , 38000 Grenoble , France
| | - Sébastien Fort
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CERMAV , 38000 Grenoble , France
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Buendia L, Ribeyre C, Bensmihen S, Lefebvre B. Brachypodium distachyon tar2lhypo mutant shows reduced root developmental response to symbiotic signal but increased arbuscular mycorrhiza. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2019; 14:e1651608. [PMID: 31392918 PMCID: PMC6768201 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2019.1651608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Auxin is a major phytohormone that controls root development. A role for auxin is also emerging in the control of plant-microbe interactions, including for the establishment of root endosymbiosis between plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). Auxin perception is important both for root colonization by AMF and for arbuscule formation. AMF produce symbiotic signals called lipo-chitooligosaccharides (LCOs) that can modify auxin homeostasis and promote lateral root formation (LRF). Since Brachypodium distachyon (Brachypodium) has a different auxin sensitivity compared to other plant species, we wondered whether this would interfere with the effect of auxin in arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis. Here we tested whether tar2lhypo a Brachypodium mutant with an increase in endogenous auxin content is affected in LRF stimulation by LCOs and in AM symbiosis. We found that, in contrast to control plants, LCO treatment inhibited LRF of the tar2lhypo mutant. However, the level of AMF colonization and the abundance of arbuscules were increased in tar2lhypo compared to control plants, suggesting that auxin also plays a positive role in both AMF colonization and arbuscule formation in Brachypodium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Buendia
- LIPM, Université de Toulouse, INRA, CNRS, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Camille Ribeyre
- LIPM, Université de Toulouse, INRA, CNRS, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Sandra Bensmihen
- LIPM, Université de Toulouse, INRA, CNRS, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Benoit Lefebvre
- LIPM, Université de Toulouse, INRA, CNRS, Castanet-Tolosan, France
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60
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Zhang L, Yuan L, Staehelin C, Li Y, Ruan J, Liang Z, Xie Z, Wang W, Xie J, Huang S. The LYSIN MOTIF-CONTAINING RECEPTOR-LIKE KINASE 1 protein of banana is required for perception of pathogenic and symbiotic signals. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 223:1530-1546. [PMID: 31059122 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
How plants can distinguish pathogenic and symbiotic fungi remains largely unknown. Here, we characterized the role of MaLYK1, a lysin motif receptor kinase of banana. Live cell imaging techniques were used in localization studies. RNA interference (RNAi)-silenced transgenic banana plants were generated to analyze the biological role of MaLYK1. The MaLYK1 ectodomain, chitin beads, chitooligosaccharides (COs) and mycorrhizal lipochitooligosaccharides (Myc-LCOs) were used in pulldown assays. Ligand-induced MaLYK1 complex formation was tested in immunoprecipitation experiments. Chimeric receptors were expressed in Lotus japonicus to characterize the function of the MaLYK1 kinase domain. MaLYK1 was localized to the plasma membrane. MaLYK1 expression was induced by Foc4 (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense race 4) and diverse microbe-associated molecular patterns. MaLYK1-silenced banana lines showed reduced chitin-triggered defense responses, increased Foc4-induced disease symptoms and reduced mycorrhization. The MaLYK1 ectodomain was pulled down by chitin beads and LCOs or COs impaired this process. Ligand treatments induced MaLYK1 complex formation in planta. The kinase domain of MaLYK1 could functionally replace that of the chitin elicitor receptor kinase 1 (AtCERK1) in Arabidopsis thaliana and of a rhizobial LCO (Nod factor) receptor (LjNFR1) in L. japonicus. MaLYK1 represents a central molecular switch that controls defense- and symbiosis-related signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Liangbin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Christian Staehelin
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Yin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Jiuxiao Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Zhenwei Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Zhiping Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Jianghui Xie
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Shangzhi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
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Abstract
Phosphorous is important for life but often limiting for plants. The symbiotic pathway of phosphate uptake via arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) is evolutionarily ancient and today occurs in natural and agricultural ecosystems alike. Plants capable of this symbiosis can obtain up to all of the phosphate from symbiotic fungi, and this offers potential means to develop crops less dependent on unsustainable P fertilizers. Here, we review the mechanisms and insights gleaned from the fine-tuned signal exchanges that orchestrate the intimate mutualistic symbiosis between plants and AMF. As the currency of trade, nutrients have signaling functions beyond being the nutritional goal of mutualism. We propose that such signaling roles and metabolic reprogramming may represent commitments for a mutualistic symbiosis that act across the stages of symbiosis development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chai Hao Chiu
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EA, United Kingdom
| | - Uta Paszkowski
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EA, United Kingdom
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Kirienko AN, Vishnevskaya NA, Kitaeva AB, Shtark OY, Kozyulina PY, Thompson R, Dalmais M, Bendahmane A, Tikhonovich IA, Dolgikh EA. Structural Variations in LysM Domains of LysM-RLK PsK1 May Result in a Different Effect on Pea⁻Rhizobial Symbiosis Development. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E1624. [PMID: 30939810 PMCID: PMC6479807 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20071624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysin-motif receptor-like kinase PsK1 is involved in symbiosis initiation and the maintenance of infection thread (IT) growth and bacterial release in pea. We verified PsK1 specificity in relation to the Nod factor structure using k1 and rhizobial mutants. Inoculation with nodO and nodE nodO mutants significantly reduced root hair deformations, curling, and the number of ITs in k1-1 and k1-2 mutants. These results indicated that PsK1 function may depend on Nod factor structures. PsK1 with replacement in kinase domain and PsSYM10 co-production in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves did not induce a hypersensitive response (HR) because of the impossibility of signal transduction into the cell. Replacement of P169S in LysM3 domain of PsK1 disturbed the extracellular domain (ECD) interaction with PsSYM10's ECD in Y2H system and reduced HR during the co-production of full-length PsK1 and PsSYM0 in N. benthamiana. Lastly, we explored the role of PsK1 in symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi; no significant differences between wild-type plants and k1 mutants were found, suggesting a specific role of PsK1 in legume⁻rhizobial symbiosis. However, increased sensitivity to a highly aggressive Fusarium culmorum strain was found in k1 mutants compared with the wild type, which requires the further study of the role of PsK1 in immune response regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna N Kirienko
- All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology, Podbelsky chausse 3, Pushkin, 196608 St. Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Nadezhda A Vishnevskaya
- All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology, Podbelsky chausse 3, Pushkin, 196608 St. Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Anna B Kitaeva
- All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology, Podbelsky chausse 3, Pushkin, 196608 St. Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Oksana Yu Shtark
- All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology, Podbelsky chausse 3, Pushkin, 196608 St. Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Polina Yu Kozyulina
- All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology, Podbelsky chausse 3, Pushkin, 196608 St. Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Richard Thompson
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, INRA, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France.
| | - Marion Dalmais
- IPS2, UMR9213/UMR1403, CNRS, INRA, UPSud, UPD, SPS, 91405 Orsay, France.
| | | | - Igor A Tikhonovich
- All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology, Podbelsky chausse 3, Pushkin, 196608 St. Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Elena A Dolgikh
- All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology, Podbelsky chausse 3, Pushkin, 196608 St. Petersburg, Russia.
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Le Marquer M, Bécard G, Frei Dit Frey N. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi possess a CLAVATA3/embryo surrounding region-related gene that positively regulates symbiosis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 222:1030-1042. [PMID: 30554405 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis is a beneficial association established between land plants and the members of a subphylum of fungi, the Glomeromycotina. How the two symbiotic partners regulate their association is still enigmatic. Secreted fungal peptides are candidates for regulating this interaction. We searched for fungal peptides with similarities with known plant signalling peptides. We identified CLAVATA (CLV)/EMBRYO SURROUNDING REGION (ESR)-RELATED PROTEIN (CLE) genes in phylogenetically distant AM fungi: four Rhizophagus species and one Gigaspora species. These CLE genes encode a signal peptide for secretion and the conserved CLE C-terminal motif. They seem to be absent in the other fungal clades. Rhizophagus irregularis and Gigaspora rosea CLE genes (RiCLE1 and GrCLE1) are transcriptionally induced in symbiotic vs asymbiotic conditions. Exogenous application of synthetic RiCLE1 peptide on Medicago truncatula affects root architecture, by slowing the apical growth of primary roots and stimulating the formation of lateral roots. In addition, pretreatment of seedlings with RiCLE1 peptide stimulates mycorrhization. Our findings demonstrate for the first time that in addition to plants and nematodes, AM fungi also possess CLE genes. These results pave the way for deciphering new mechanisms by which AM fungi modulate plant cellular responses during the establishment of AM symbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgane Le Marquer
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 24 chemin de Borde Rouge, Auzeville, BP42617, 31326, Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - Guillaume Bécard
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 24 chemin de Borde Rouge, Auzeville, BP42617, 31326, Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - Nicolas Frei Dit Frey
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 24 chemin de Borde Rouge, Auzeville, BP42617, 31326, Castanet Tolosan, France
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Buendia L, Maillet F, O'Connor D, van de-Kerkhove Q, Danoun S, Gough C, Lefebvre B, Bensmihen S. Lipo-chitooligosaccharides promote lateral root formation and modify auxin homeostasis in Brachypodium distachyon. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 221:2190-2202. [PMID: 30347445 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Lipo-chitooligosaccharides (LCOs) are microbial symbiotic signals that also influence root growth. In Medicago truncatula, LCOs stimulate lateral root formation (LRF) synergistically with auxin. However, the molecular mechanisms of this phenomenon and whether it is restricted to legume plants are not known. We have addressed the capacity of the model monocot Brachypodium distachyon (Brachypodium) to respond to LCOs and auxin for LRF. For this, we used a combination of root phenotyping assays, live-imaging and auxin quantification, and analysed the regulation of auxin homeostasis genes. We show that LCOs and a low dose of the auxin precursor indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) stimulated LRF in Brachypodium, while a combination of LCOs and IBA led to different regulations. Both LCO and IBA treatments locally increased endogenous indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) content, whereas the combination of LCO and IBA locally increased the endogenous concentration of a conjugated form of IAA (IAA-Ala). LCOs, IBA and the combination differentially controlled expression of auxin homeostasis genes. These results demonstrate that LCOs are active on Brachypodium roots and stimulate LRF probably through regulation of auxin homeostasis. The interaction between LCO and auxin treatments observed in Brachypodium on root architecture opens interesting avenues regarding their possible combined effects during the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Buendia
- LIPM, Université de Toulouse, INRA, CNRS, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Fabienne Maillet
- LIPM, Université de Toulouse, INRA, CNRS, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Devin O'Connor
- Sainsbury Laboratory, Cambridge University, 47 Bateman Street, Cambridge, CB2 1LR, UK
| | | | - Saida Danoun
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, UPS, CNRS, 24 chemin de Borde Rouge-Auzeville, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Clare Gough
- LIPM, Université de Toulouse, INRA, CNRS, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Benoit Lefebvre
- LIPM, Université de Toulouse, INRA, CNRS, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Sandra Bensmihen
- LIPM, Université de Toulouse, INRA, CNRS, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
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65
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Valdés-López O, Jayaraman D, Maeda J, Delaux PM, Venkateshwaran M, Isidra-Arellano MC, Reyero-Saavedra MDR, Sánchez-Correa MDS, Verastegui-Vidal MA, Delgado-Buenrostro N, Van Ness L, Mysore KS, Wen J, Sussman MR, Ané JM. A Novel Positive Regulator of the Early Stages of Root Nodule Symbiosis Identified by Phosphoproteomics. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 60:575-586. [PMID: 30476329 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcy228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Signals and signaling pathways underlying the symbiosis between legumes and rhizobia have been studied extensively over the past decades. In a previous phosphoproteomic study on the Medicago truncatula-Sinorhizobium meliloti symbiosis, we identified plant proteins that are differentially phosphorylated upon the perception of rhizobial signals, called Nod factors. In this study, we provide experimental evidence that one of these proteins, Early Phosphorylated Protein 1 (EPP1), is required for the initiation of this symbiosis. Upon inoculation with rhizobia, MtEPP1 expression was induced in curled root hairs. Down-regulation of MtEPP1 in M. truncatula roots almost abolished calcium spiking, reduced the expression of essential symbiosis-related genes (MtNIN, MtNF-YB1, MtERN1 and MtENOD40) and strongly decreased nodule development. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that orthologs of MtEPP1 are present in legumes and specifically in plant species able to host arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, suggesting a possible role in this association too. Short chitin oligomers induced the phosphorylation of MtEPP1 like Nod factors. However, the down-regulation of MtEPP1 affected the colonization of M. truncatula roots by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi only moderately. Altogether, these findings indicate that MtEPP1 is essential for the establishment of the legume-rhizobia symbiosis but might plays a limited role in the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oswaldo Valdés-López
- Laboratorio de Genómica Funcional de Leguminosas, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, México
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Dhileepkumar Jayaraman
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Junko Maeda
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Pierre-Marc Delaux
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Muthusubramanian Venkateshwaran
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Mariel C Isidra-Arellano
- Laboratorio de Genómica Funcional de Leguminosas, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, México
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacan, Ciudad de México, México
| | - María del Rocío Reyero-Saavedra
- Laboratorio de Genómica Funcional de Leguminosas, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, México
| | - María del Socorro Sánchez-Correa
- Laboratorio de Genómica Funcional de Leguminosas, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, México
| | - Miguel A Verastegui-Vidal
- Laboratorio de Genómica Funcional de Leguminosas, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, México
| | - Norma Delgado-Buenrostro
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, México
| | - Lori Van Ness
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | - Jiangqi Wen
- Noble Research Institute, 2510 Sam Noble Parkway, Ardmore, OK, USA
| | - Michael R Sussman
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jean-Michel Ané
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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Liu L, Xu L, Jia Q, Pan R, Oelmüller R, Zhang W, Wu C. Arms race: diverse effector proteins with conserved motifs. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2019; 14:1557008. [PMID: 30621489 PMCID: PMC6351098 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2018.1557008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Effector proteins play important roles in the infection by pathogenic oomycetes and fungi or the colonization by endophytic and mycorrhizal fungi. They are either translocated into the host plant cells via specific translocation mechanisms and function in the host's cytoplasm or nucleus, or they reside in the apoplast of the plant cells and act at the extracellular host-microbe interface. Many effector proteins possess conserved motifs (such as the RXLR, CRN, LysM, RGD, DELD, EAR, RYWT, Y/F/WXC or CFEM motifs) localized in their N- or C-terminal regions. Analysis of the functions of effector proteins, especially so-called "core effectors", is crucial for the understanding of pathogenicity/symbiosis mechanisms and plant defense strategies, and helps to develop breeding strategies for pathogen-resistant cultivars, and to increase crop yield and quality as well as abiotic stress resistance. This review summarizes current knowledge about these effector proteins with the conversed motifs and their involvement in pathogenic or mutualistic plant/fungal interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Liu
- College of Horticulture & Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Le Xu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry/Research Center of Crop Stresses Resistance Technologies, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Qie Jia
- College of Horticulture & Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Rui Pan
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry/Research Center of Crop Stresses Resistance Technologies, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Ralf Oelmüller
- Plant Physiology, Matthias-Schleiden-Institute for Genetics, Bioinformatics and Molecular Botany, Faculty of Biological Science, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Wenying Zhang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry/Research Center of Crop Stresses Resistance Technologies, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
- CONTACT Wenying Zhang Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry/Research Center of Crop Stresses Resistance Technologies, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China; Chu Wu College of Horticulture & Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Chu Wu
- College of Horticulture & Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
- Institute of Plant Ecology and Environmental Restoration, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
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Ho-Plágaro T, Molinero-Rosales N, Fariña Flores D, Villena Díaz M, García-Garrido JM. Identification and Expression Analysis of GRAS Transcription Factor Genes Involved in the Control of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Development in Tomato. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:268. [PMID: 30930915 PMCID: PMC6429219 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The formation and functioning of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis are complex and tightly regulated processes. Transcriptional regulation mechanisms have been reported to mediate gene expression changes closely associated with arbuscule formation, where nutrients move between the plant and fungus. Numerous genes encoding transcription factors (TFs), with those belonging to the GRAS family being of particular importance, are induced upon mycorrhization. In this study, a screening for candidate transcription factor genes differentially regulated in AM tomato roots showed that more than 30% of known GRAS tomato genes are upregulated upon mycorrhization. Some AM-upregulated GRAS genes were identified as encoding for transcription factors which are putative orthologs of previously identified regulators of mycorrhization in other plant species. The symbiotic role played by other newly identified AM-upregulated GRAS genes remains unknown. Preliminary results on the involvement of tomato SlGRAS18, SlGRAS38, and SlGRAS43 from the SCL3, SCL32, and SCR clades, respectively, in mycorrhization are presented. All three showed high transcript levels in the late stages of mycorrhization, and the analysis of promoter activity demonstrated that SlGRAS18 and SlGRAS43 are significantly induced in cells containing arbuscules. When SlGRAS18 and SlGRAS38 genes were silenced using RNA interference in hairy root composite tomato plants, a delay in mycorrhizal infection was observed, while an increase in mycorrhizal colonization was observed in SlGRAS43 RNAi roots. The possible mode of action of these TFs during mycorrhization is discussed, with a particular emphasis on the potential involvement of the SHR/SCR/SCL3 module of GRAS TFs in the regulation of gibberellin signaling during mycorrhization, which is analogous to other plant developmental processes.
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Fiorilli V, Wang JY, Bonfante P, Lanfranco L, Al-Babili S. Apocarotenoids: Old and New Mediators of the Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1186. [PMID: 31611899 PMCID: PMC6776609 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Plants utilize hormones and other small molecules to trigger and coordinate their growth and developmental processes, adapt and respond to environmental cues, and communicate with surrounding organisms. Some of these molecules originate from carotenoids that act as universal precursors of bioactive metabolites arising through oxidation of the carotenoid backbone. This metabolic conversion produces a large set of compounds known as apocarotenoids, which includes the plant hormones abscisic acid (ABA) and strigolactones (SLs) and different signaling molecules. An increasing body of evidence suggests a crucial role of previously identified and recently discovered carotenoid-derived metabolites in the communication with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and the establishment of the corresponding symbiosis, which is one of the most relevant plant-fungus mutualistic interactions in nature. In this review, we provide an update on the function of apocarotenoid hormones and regulatory metabolites in AM symbiosis, highlighting their effect on both partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Fiorilli
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Jian You Wang
- The BioActives Lab, Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Paola Bonfante
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Luisa Lanfranco
- The BioActives Lab, Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- *Correspondence: Luisa Lanfranco, ; Salim Al-Babili,
| | - Salim Al-Babili
- The BioActives Lab, Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- *Correspondence: Luisa Lanfranco, ; Salim Al-Babili,
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Lanfranco L, Fiorilli V, Gutjahr C. Partner communication and role of nutrients in the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018; 220:1031-1046. [PMID: 29806959 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Contents Summary 1031 I. Introduction 1031 II. Interkingdom communication enabling symbiosis 1032 III. Nutritional and regulatory roles for key metabolites in the AM symbiosis 1035 IV. The plant-fungus genotype combination determines the outcome of the symbiosis 1039 V. Perspectives 1039 Acknowledgements 1041 References 1041 SUMMARY: The evolutionary and ecological success of the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis relies on an efficient and multifactorial communication system for partner recognition, and on a fine-tuned and reciprocal metabolic regulation of each symbiont to reach an optimal functional integration. Besides strigolactones, N-acetylglucosamine-derivatives released by the plant were recently suggested to trigger fungal reprogramming at the pre-contact stage. Remarkably, N-acetylglucosamine-based diffusible molecules also are symbiotic signals produced by AM fungi (AMF) and clues on the mechanisms of their perception by the plant are emerging. AMF genomes and transcriptomes contain a battery of putative effector genes that may have conserved and AMF- or host plant-specific functions. Nutrient exchange is the key feature of AM symbiosis. A mechanism of phosphate transport inside fungal hyphae has been suggested, and first insights into the regulatory mechanisms of root colonization in accordance with nutrient transfer and status were obtained. The recent discovery of the dependency of AMF on fatty acid transfer from the host has offered a convincing explanation for their obligate biotrophism. Novel studies highlighted the importance of plant and fungal genotypes for the outcome of the symbiosis. These findings open new perspectives for fundamental research and application of AMF in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Lanfranco
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Viale P.A. Mattioli 25, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Valentina Fiorilli
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Viale P.A. Mattioli 25, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Caroline Gutjahr
- Plant Genetics, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Emil Ramann Str. 4, D-85354, Freising, Germany
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Bonfante P. The future has roots in the past: the ideas and scientists that shaped mycorrhizal research. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018; 220:982-995. [PMID: 30160311 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Contents Summary 982 I. Introduction 982 II. The portraits of our ancestors: a gallery of ideas from more than 100 years of mycorrhizal research 983 III. Mycorrhizal fungi in the 'omics' era: first puzzle, how to name mycorrhizal fungi 985 IV. Signalling: a central question of our time? 987 V. The colonization process: how cellular studies predicted future 'omics' data 989 VI. The genetics underlying colonization events 991 VII. Concluding thoughts: chance and needs in mycorrhizal symbioses 992 Acknowledgements 992 References 992 SUMMARY: Our knowledge of mycorrhizas dates back to at least 150 years ago, when the plant pathologists A. B. Frank and G. Gibelli described the surprisingly morphology of forest tree roots surrounded by a fungal mantle. Compared with this history, our molecular study of mycorrhizas remains a young science. To trace the history of mycorrhizal research, from its roots in the distant past, to the present and the future, this review outlines a few topics that were already central in the 19th century and were seminal in revealing the biological meaning of mycorrhizal associations. These include investigations of nutrient exchange between partners, plant responses to mycorrhizal fungi, and the identity and evolution of mycorrhizal symbionts as just a few examples of how the most recent molecular studies of mycorrhizal biology sprouted from the roots of past research. In addition to clarifying the ecological role of mycorrhizas, some of the recent results have changed the perception of the relevance of mycorrhizas in the scientific community, and in the whole of society. Looking to past knowledge while foreseeing strategies for the next steps can help us catch a glimpse of the future of mycorrhizal research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Bonfante
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Viale Mattioli, 25, 10125, Turin, Italy
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71
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Jiang Y, Xie Q, Wang W, Yang J, Zhang X, Yu N, Zhou Y, Wang E. Medicago AP2-Domain Transcription Factor WRI5a Is a Master Regulator of Lipid Biosynthesis and Transfer during Mycorrhizal Symbiosis. MOLECULAR PLANT 2018; 11:1344-1359. [PMID: 30292683 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2018.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Most land plants have evolved a mutualistic symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) fungi that improve nutrient acquisition from the soil. In return, up to 20% of host plant photosynthate is transferred to the mycorrhizal fungus in the form of lipids and sugar. Nutrient exchange must be regulated by both partners in order to maintain a reliable symbiotic relationship. However, the mechanisms underlying the regulation of lipid transfer from the plant to the AM fungus remain elusive. Here, we show that the Medicago truncatula AP2/EREBP transcription factor WRI5a, and likely its two homologs WRI5b/Erf1 and WRI5c, are master regulators of AM symbiosis controlling lipid transfer and periarbuscular membrane formation. We found that WRI5a binds AW-box cis-regulatory elements in the promoters of M. truncatula STR, which encodes a periarbuscular membrane-localized ABC transporter required for lipid transfer from the plant to the AM fungus, and MtPT4, which encodes a phosphate transporter required for phosphate transfer from the AM fungus to the plant. The hairy roots of the M. truncatula wri5a mutant and RNAi composite plants displayed impaired arbuscule formation, whereas overexpression of WRI5a resulted in enhanced expression of STR and MtPT4, suggesting that WRI5a regulates bidirectional symbiotic nutrient exchange. Moreover, we found that WRI5a and RAM1 (Required for Arbuscular Mycorrhization symbiosis 1), which encodes a GRAS-domain transcription factor, regulate each other at the transcriptional level, forming a positive feedback loop for regulating AM symbiosis. Collectively, our data suggest a role for WRI5a in controlling bidirectional nutrient exchange and periarbuscular membrane formation via the regulation of genes involved in the biosynthesis of fatty acids and phosphate uptake in arbuscule-containing cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yina Jiang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Qiujin Xie
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Wanxiao Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jun Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Nan Yu
- College of Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Yun Zhou
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Crop Stress Biology, Henan Province; Institute of Plant Stress Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Department of Biology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Ertao Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China.
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72
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Choi J, Summers W, Paszkowski U. Mechanisms Underlying Establishment of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbioses. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2018; 56:135-160. [PMID: 29856935 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-phyto-080516-035521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Most land plants engage in mutually beneficial interactions with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, the fungus providing phosphate and nitrogen in exchange for fixed carbon. During presymbiosis, both organisms communicate via oligosaccharides and butenolides. The requirement for a rice chitin receptor in symbiosis-induced lateral root development suggests that cell division programs operate in inner root tissues during both AM and nodule symbioses. Furthermore, the identification of transcription factors underpinning arbuscule development and degeneration reemphasized the plant's regulatory dominance in AM symbiosis. Finally, the finding that AM fungi, as lipid auxotrophs, depend on plant fatty acids (FAs) to complete their asexual life cycle revealed the basis for fungal biotrophy. Intriguingly, lipid metabolism is also central for asexual reproduction and interaction of the fungal sister clade, the Mucoromycotina, with endobacteria, indicative of an evolutionarily ancient role for lipids in fungal mutualism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongmin Choi
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EA, United Kingdom;
| | - William Summers
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EA, United Kingdom;
| | - Uta Paszkowski
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EA, United Kingdom;
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73
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Liu F, Xu Y, Han G, Wang W, Li X, Cheng B. Identification and Functional Characterization of a Maize Phosphate Transporter Induced by Mycorrhiza Formation. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 59:1683-1694. [PMID: 29767790 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcy094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is an essential macronutrient for plant life, although it is frequently not readily available to crops. Arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF) can improve plant P levels by inducing the expression of some phosphate (Pi) transporters. Symbiotic Pi uptake by Pi transporters is crucial for AMF colonization and arbuscule dynamics. However, the functions of mycorrhiza-inducible maize Pi transporters are largely unclear. We focused on the interaction between the Pi concentration and AMF colonization in maize, and detecting the induction of a Pi transporter. We investigated AMF colonization and arbuscular development in maize under high and low Pi environments. Low Pi increased AMF colonization and promoted arbuscular development. Further measurement of P concentration showed that AMF significantly improved the maize P status under low Pi conditions. Here, we identified the Pi transporter gene, ZmPt9, which was induced by mycorrhiza formation. In addition, ZmPt9-overexpressing roots were difficult to colonize by AMF. Pi response analysis showed that ZmPt9 complements a yeast mutant defective in Pi transporter activity and improves the P concentration in rice. Together, these data indicated that ZmPt9 is a mycorrhiza-inducible Pi transporter gene involved in Pi uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance, Anhui Agricultural University, No. 130, Changjiang West Road, Hefei, China
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, No. 130, Changjiang West Road, Hefei, China
| | - Yunjian Xu
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance, Anhui Agricultural University, No. 130, Changjiang West Road, Hefei, China
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, No. 130, Changjiang West Road, Hefei, China
| | - Guomin Han
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance, Anhui Agricultural University, No. 130, Changjiang West Road, Hefei, China
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, No. 130, Changjiang West Road, Hefei, China
| | - Wei Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance, Anhui Agricultural University, No. 130, Changjiang West Road, Hefei, China
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, No. 130, Changjiang West Road, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance, Anhui Agricultural University, No. 130, Changjiang West Road, Hefei, China
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, No. 130, Changjiang West Road, Hefei, China
| | - Beijiu Cheng
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance, Anhui Agricultural University, No. 130, Changjiang West Road, Hefei, China
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, No. 130, Changjiang West Road, Hefei, China
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74
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Parniske M. Uptake of bacteria into living plant cells, the unifying and distinct feature of the nitrogen-fixing root nodule symbiosis. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 44:164-174. [PMID: 30071473 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2018.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Despite the presence of complex microbiota on the surfaces of all plants, the uptake of bacteria into plant cells and the subsequent accommodation in a membrane-enclosed compartment is restricted to the nitrogen-fixing root nodule and the Gunnera-Nostoc symbiosis. The plant cell wall and the outward-directed turgor pressure are major constraints for bacterial uptake because localised lysis of the cell wall endangers the integrity of the protoplast. Host cell integrity is consistently maintained by turgescent neighbours, connected via apoplastic polymers that seal a bacteria-containing extracellular compartment prior to localized cell wall lysis. Its unifying and almost exclusive phylogenetic distribution pinpoints the ability to take up bacteria into living plant cells as a key step during the evolution of the nitrogen-fixing root nodule symbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Parniske
- Institute of Genetics, Faculty of Biology, Biocenter Martinsried, LMU Munich, Germany.
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75
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Rey T, Jacquet C. Symbiosis genes for immunity and vice versa. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 44:64-71. [PMID: 29550547 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2018.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Basic molecular knowledge on plant-pathogen interactions has largely been gained from reverse and forward genetics in Arabidopsis thaliana. However, as this model plant is unable to establish endosymbiosis with mycorrhizal fungi or rhizobia, plant responses to mutualistic symbionts have been studied in parallel in other plant species, mainly legumes. The resulting analyses led to the identification of gene networks involved in various functions, from microbe recognition to signalling and plant responses, thereafter assigned to either mutualistic symbiosis or immunity, according to the nature of the initially inoculated microbe. The increasing development of new pathosystems and genetic resources in model legumes and the implementation of reverse genetics in plants such as rice and tomato that interact with both mycorrhizal fungi and pathogens, have highlighted the dual role of plant genes previously thought to be specific to mutualistic or pathogenic interactions. The next challenges will be to determine whether such genes have similar functions in both types of interaction and if not, whether the perception of microbial compounds or the involvement of specific plant signalling components is responsible for the appropriate plant responses to the encountered microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Rey
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - Christophe Jacquet
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), Castanet Tolosan, France.
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76
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Luginbuehl LH, Oldroyd GED. Understanding the Arbuscule at the Heart of Endomycorrhizal Symbioses in Plants. Curr Biol 2018; 27:R952-R963. [PMID: 28898668 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2017.06.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi form associations with most land plants and facilitate nutrient uptake from the soil, with the plant receiving mineral nutrients from the fungus and in return providing the fungus with fixed carbon. This nutrient exchange takes place through highly branched fungal structures called arbuscules that are formed in cortical cells of the host root. Recent discoveries have highlighted the importance of fatty acids, in addition to sugars, acting as the form of fixed carbon transferred from the plant to the fungus and several studies have begun to elucidate the mechanisms that control the plant processes necessary for fungal colonisation and arbuscule development. In this review, we analyse the mechanisms that allow arbuscule development and the processes necessary for nutrient exchange between the plant and the fungus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie H Luginbuehl
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Giles E D Oldroyd
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK.
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77
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Chaliha C, Rugen MD, Field RA, Kalita E. Glycans as Modulators of Plant Defense Against Filamentous Pathogens. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:928. [PMID: 30022987 PMCID: PMC6039678 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Plants and microbes utilize glycoconjugates as structural entities, energy reserves for cellular processes, and components of cellular recognition or binding events. The structural heterogeneity of carbohydrates in such systems is a result of the ability of the carbohydrate biosynthetic enzymes to reorient sugar monomers in a variety of forms, generating highly complex, linear, branched, or hierarchical structures. During the interaction between plants and their microbial pathogens, the microbial cell surface glycans, cell wall derived glycans, and glycoproteins stimulate the signaling cascades of plant immune responses, through a series of specific or broad spectrum recognition events. The microbial glycan-induced plant immune responses and the downstream modifications observed in host-plant glycan structures that combat the microbial attack have garnered immense interest among scientists in recent times. This has been enabled by technological advancements in the field of glycobiology, making it possible to study the ongoing co-evolution of the microbial and the corresponding host glycan structures, in greater detail. The new glycan analogs emerging in this evolutionary arms race brings about a fresh perspective to our understanding of plant-pathogen interactions. This review discusses the role of diverse classes of glycans and their derivatives including simple sugars, oligosaccharides, glycoproteins, and glycolipids in relation to the activation of classical Pattern-Triggered Immunity (PTI) and Effector-Triggered Immunity (ETI) defense responses in plants. While primarily encompassing the biological roles of glycans in modulating plant defense responses, this review categorizes glycans based on their structure, thereby enabling parallels to be drawn to other areas of glycobiology. Further, we examine how these molecules are currently being used to develop new bio-active molecules, potent as priming agents to stimulate plant defense response and as templates for designing environmentally friendly foliar sprays for plant protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chayanika Chaliha
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur, India
| | - Michael D. Rugen
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Robert A. Field
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Eeshan Kalita
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur, India
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
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78
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Hürter AL, Fort S, Cottaz S, Hedrich R, Geiger D, Roelfsema MRG. Mycorrhizal lipochitinoligosaccharides (LCOs) depolarize root hairs of Medicago truncatula. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0198126. [PMID: 29851976 PMCID: PMC5979017 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Arbuscular Mycorrhiza and Root Nodule Symbiosis are symbiotic interactions with a high benefit for plant growth and crop production. Thus, it is of great interest to understand the developmental process of these symbioses in detail. We analysed very early symbiotic responses of Medicago truncatula root hair cells, by stimulation with lipochitinoligosaccharides specific for the induction of nodules (Nod-LCOs), or the interaction with mycorrhiza (Myc-LCOs). Intracellular micro electrodes were used, in combination with Ca2+ sensitive reporter dyes, to study the relations between cytosolic Ca2+ signals and membrane potential changes. We found that sulfated Myc- as well as Nod-LCOs initiate a membrane depolarization, which depends on the chemical composition of these signaling molecules, as well as the genotype of the plants that were studied. A successive application of sulfated Myc-LCOs and Nod-LCOs resulted only in a single transient depolarization, indicating that Myc-LCOs can repress plasma membrane responses to Nod-LCOs. In contrast to current models, the Nod-LCO-induced depolarization precedes changes in the cytosolic Ca2+ level of root hair cells. The Nod-LCO induced membrane depolarization thus is most likely independent of cytosolic Ca2+ signals and nuclear Ca2+ spiking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Lena Hürter
- Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs Institute for Biosciences, Biocenter, Würzburg University, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sébastien Fort
- University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CERMAV, Grenoble, France
| | - Sylvain Cottaz
- University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CERMAV, Grenoble, France
| | - Rainer Hedrich
- Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs Institute for Biosciences, Biocenter, Würzburg University, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Dietmar Geiger
- Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs Institute for Biosciences, Biocenter, Würzburg University, Würzburg, Germany
| | - M. Rob G. Roelfsema
- Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs Institute for Biosciences, Biocenter, Würzburg University, Würzburg, Germany
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79
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Charpentier M. Calcium Signals in the Plant Nucleus: Origin and Function. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:4986421. [PMID: 29718301 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The universality of calcium as an intracellular messenger depends on the dynamics of its spatial and temporal release from calcium stores. Accumulating evidence over the past two decades supports an essential role for nuclear calcium signalling in the transduction of specific stimuli into cellular responses. This review focusses on mechanisms underpinning changes in nuclear calcium concentrations and discusses what is known so far, about the origin of the nuclear calcium signals identified, primarily in the context of microbial symbioses and abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Charpentier
- John Innes Centre, Department of Cell and developmental Biology, Colney Lane, Norwich, UK
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80
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Lanfranco L, Fiorilli V, Venice F, Bonfante P. Strigolactones cross the kingdoms: plants, fungi, and bacteria in the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:2175-2188. [PMID: 29309622 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) first evolved as regulators of simple developmental processes in very ancient plant lineages, and then assumed new roles to sustain the increasing biological complexity of land plants. Their versatility is also shown by the fact that during evolution they have been exploited, once released in the rhizosphere, as a communication system towards plant-interacting organisms even belonging to different kingdoms. Here, we reviewed the impact of SLs on soil microbes, paying particular attention to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). SLs induce several responses in AMF, including spore germination, hyphal branching, mitochondrial metabolism, transcriptional reprogramming, and production of chitin oligosaccharides which, in turn, stimulate early symbiotic responses in the host plant. In the specific case study of the AMF Gigaspora margarita, SLs are also perceived, directly or indirectly, by the well-characterized population of endobacteria, with an increase of bacterial divisions and the activation of specific transcriptional responses. The dynamics of SLs during AM root colonization were also surveyed. Although not essential for the establishment of this mutualistic association, SLs act as positive regulators as they are relevant to achieve the full extent of colonization. This possibly occurs through a complex crosstalk with other hormones such as auxin, abscisic acid, and gibberellins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Lanfranco
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Valentina Fiorilli
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Francesco Venice
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Paola Bonfante
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
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81
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Leppyanen IV, Kirienko AN, Lobov AA, Dolgikh EA. Differential proteome analysis of pea roots at the early stages of symbiosis with nodule bacteria. Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genet Selektsii 2018. [DOI: 10.18699/vj18.347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we have analyzed changes in the proteomic spectrum of pea Pisum sativum L. roots during inoculation with rhizobial bacteria with the aim of revealing new regulators of symbiosis development. To study the changes in the proteome spectrum of pea roots, a differential twodimensional (2-D) electrophoresis was performed using fluorescent labels Cy2 and Cy5. The images obtained made it possible to identify differences between the control variant (uninoculated roots) and the root variant after inoculation with Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae RCAM 1026 (24 hours after treatment). 20 proteins were revealed and identified, the synthesis of which was enhanced during the inoculation of pea roots by nodule bacteria. To identify the proteins, a mass spectrometric analysis of tryptic peptides was performed on a quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometer combined with a high-performance liquid chromatograph. Among such proteins, the beta-subunit of the G protein and the disulfide isomerase/phospholipase C were first found, whose function can be related to the signal regulation of symbiosis. This indicates that G-proteins and phospholipases can play a key role in the development of early stages of symbiosis in peas. Further experiments are expected to show whether the beta-subunit of the G protein interacts with the receptors to Nod factors, and how this affects the further signaling. Other proteins that might be interesting were annexin D8 and D1, protein kinase interacting with calcinerin B, actin-binding protein profilin, GTP-binding protein Ran1. They may be involved in the regulation of reactions with calcium, the reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton and other important processes in plants. The study of the role of such regulatory proteins will later become the basis for understanding the complex system of signal regulation, which is activated in pea plants by interaction with nodule bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- I. V. Leppyanen
- All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Agricultural Microbiology
| | - A. N. Kirienko
- All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Agricultural Microbiology
| | - A. A. Lobov
- Resource Center “Development of Molecular and Cellular Technologies”, Science Park, St. Petersburg State University
| | - E. A. Dolgikh
- All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Agricultural Microbiology
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82
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Chagas FO, Pessotti RDC, Caraballo-Rodríguez AM, Pupo MT. Chemical signaling involved in plant-microbe interactions. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:1652-1704. [PMID: 29218336 DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00343a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Microorganisms are found everywhere, and they are closely associated with plants. Because the establishment of any plant-microbe association involves chemical communication, understanding crosstalk processes is fundamental to defining the type of relationship. Although several metabolites from plants and microbes have been fully characterized, their roles in the chemical interplay between these partners are not well understood in most cases, and they require further investigation. In this review, we describe different plant-microbe associations from colonization to microbial establishment processes in plants along with future prospects, including agricultural benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Oliveira Chagas
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (FCFRP-USP), Avenida do Café, s/n, 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto-SP, Brazil.
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83
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Pimprikar P, Gutjahr C. Transcriptional Regulation of Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Development. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 59:673-690. [PMID: 29425360 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcy024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) is an ancient symbiosis between land plants and fungi of the glomeromycotina that is widespread in the plant kingdom. AM improves plant nutrition, stress resistance and general plant performance, and thus represents a promising addition to sustainable agricultural practices. In return for delivering mineral nutrients, the obligate biotrophic AM fungi receive up to 20% of the photosynthetically fixed carbon from the plant. AM fungi colonize the inside of roots and form highly branched tree-shaped structures, called arbuscules, in cortex cells. The pair of the arbuscule and its host cell is considered the central functional unit of the symbiosis as it mediates the bidirectional nutrient exchange between the symbionts. The development and spread of AM fungi within the root is predominantly under the control of the host plant and depends on its developmental and physiological status. Intracellular accommodation of fungal structures is enabled by the remarkable plasticity of plant cells, which undergo drastic subcellular rearrangements. These are promoted and accompanied by cell-autonomous transcriptional reprogramming. AM development can be dissected into distinct stages using plant mutants. Progress in the application of laser dissection technology has allowed the assignment of transcriptional responses to specific stages and cell types. The first transcription factors controlling AM-specific gene expression and AM development have been discovered, and cis-elements required for AM-responsive promoter activity have been identified. An understanding of their connectivity and elucidation of transcriptional networks orchestrating AM development can be expected in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Pimprikar
- Faculty of Biology, Genetics, LMU Munich, Biocenter Martinsried, Großhaderner Str. 2-4, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany
- Plant Genetics, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Emil Ramann Str. 4, D-85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Caroline Gutjahr
- Faculty of Biology, Genetics, LMU Munich, Biocenter Martinsried, Großhaderner Str. 2-4, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany
- Plant Genetics, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Emil Ramann Str. 4, D-85354 Freising, Germany
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84
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Kudla J, Becker D, Grill E, Hedrich R, Hippler M, Kummer U, Parniske M, Romeis T, Schumacher K. Advances and current challenges in calcium signaling. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018; 218:414-431. [PMID: 29332310 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 320] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Content Summary 414 I. Introduction 415 II. Ca2+ importer and exporter in plants 415 III. The Ca2+ decoding toolkit in plants 415 IV. Mechanisms of Ca2+ signal decoding 417 V. Immediate Ca2+ signaling in the regulation of ion transport 418 VI. Ca2+ signal integration into long-term ABA responses 419 VII Integration of Ca2+ and hormone signaling through dynamic complex modulation of the CCaMK/CYCLOPS complex 420 VIII Ca2+ signaling in mitochondria and chloroplasts 422 IX A view beyond recent advances in Ca2+ imaging 423 X Modeling approaches in Ca2+ signaling 424 XI Conclusions: Ca2+ signaling a still young blooming field of plant research 424 Acknowledgements 425 ORCID 425 References 425 SUMMARY: Temporally and spatially defined changes in Ca2+ concentration in distinct compartments of cells represent a universal information code in plants. Recently, it has become evident that Ca2+ signals not only govern intracellular regulation but also appear to contribute to long distance or even organismic signal propagation and physiological response regulation. Ca2+ signals are shaped by an intimate interplay of channels and transporters, and during past years important contributing individual components have been identified and characterized. Ca2+ signals are translated by an elaborate toolkit of Ca2+ -binding proteins, many of which function as Ca2+ sensors, into defined downstream responses. Intriguing progress has been achieved in identifying specific modules that interconnect Ca2+ decoding proteins and protein kinases with downstream target effectors, and in characterizing molecular details of these processes. In this review, we reflect on recent major advances in our understanding of Ca2+ signaling and cover emerging concepts and existing open questions that should be informative also for scientists that are currently entering this field of ever-increasing breath and impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Kudla
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Universität Münster, Schlossplatz 7/8, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Dirk Becker
- Department of Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University Würzburg, Julius-von-Sachs Platz 2, 97082, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Erwin Grill
- Lehrstuhl für Botanik, Technische Universität München, Am Hochanger 4, D-85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Rainer Hedrich
- Department of Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University Würzburg, Julius-von-Sachs Platz 2, 97082, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Michael Hippler
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Universität Münster, Schlossplatz 7/8, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Ursula Kummer
- Department of Modeling of Biological Processes, COS Heidelberg/Bioquant, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 267, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Parniske
- Institute of Genetics, Biocenter University of Munich (LMU), Großhaderner Straße 4, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Tina Romeis
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Dahlem Center of Plant Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Karin Schumacher
- Department of Developmental Biology, Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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85
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Kobae Y, Kameoka H, Sugimura Y, Saito K, Ohtomo R, Fujiwara T, Kyozuka J. Strigolactone Biosynthesis Genes of Rice are Required for the Punctual Entry of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi into the Roots. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 59:544-553. [PMID: 29325120 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcy001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) is a mutualistic association between most plant species and the ancient fungal phylum Glomeromycota in roots, and it plays a key role in a plant's nutrient uptake from the soil. Roots synthesize strigolactones (SLs), derivatives of carotenoids, and exude them to induce energy metabolism and hyphal branching of AM fungi. Despite the well-documented roles of SLs in the pre-symbiotic phase, little is known about the role of SLs in the process of root colonization. Here we show that the expansion of root colonization is suppressed in the mutants of rice (Oryza sativa) SL biosynthesis genes, carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase D10 and more severely in D17. Interestingly, most of the colonization process is normal, i.e. AM fungal hyphae approach the roots and cling around them, and epidermal penetration, arbuscule size, arbuscule number per hyphopodium and metabolic activity of the intraradical mycelium are not affected in d10 and d17 mutants. In contrast, hyphopodium formation is severely attenuated. Our observations establish the requirement for SL biosynthesis genes for efficient hyphopodium formation, suggesting that SLs are required in this process. Efficient hyphopodium formation is required for the punctual internalization of hyphae into roots and maintaining the expansion of colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Kobae
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657 Japan
- Hokkaido Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 1 Hitsujigaoka, Toyohira-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 062-8555 Japan
| | - Hiromu Kameoka
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657 Japan
- Division of Symbiotic Systems, National Institute for Basic Biology, 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yusaku Sugimura
- Faculty of Agriculture, Shinshu University, Minamiminowa, Nagano, 399-4598 Japan
| | - Katsuharu Saito
- Faculty of Agriculture, Shinshu University, Minamiminowa, Nagano, 399-4598 Japan
| | - Ryo Ohtomo
- Hokkaido Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 1 Hitsujigaoka, Toyohira-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 062-8555 Japan
| | - Toru Fujiwara
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657 Japan
| | - Junko Kyozuka
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657 Japan
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577 Japan
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86
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Kelner A, Leitão N, Chabaud M, Charpentier M, de Carvalho-Niebel F. Dual Color Sensors for Simultaneous Analysis of Calcium Signal Dynamics in the Nuclear and Cytoplasmic Compartments of Plant Cells. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:245. [PMID: 29535753 PMCID: PMC5835324 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Spatiotemporal changes in cellular calcium (Ca2+) concentrations are essential for signal transduction in a wide range of plant cellular processes. In legumes, nuclear and perinuclear-localized Ca2+ oscillations have emerged as key signatures preceding downstream symbiotic signaling responses. Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) yellow-based Ca2+ cameleon probes have been successfully exploited to measure the spatiotemporal dynamics of symbiotic Ca2+ signaling in legumes. Although providing cellular resolution, these sensors were restricted to measuring Ca2+ changes in single subcellular compartments. In this study, we have explored the potential of single fluorescent protein-based Ca2+ sensors, the GECOs, for multicolor and simultaneous imaging of the spatiotemporal dynamics of cytoplasmic and nuclear Ca2+ signaling in root cells. Single and dual fluorescence nuclear and cytoplasmic-localized GECOs expressed in transgenic Medicago truncatula roots and Arabidopsis thaliana were used to successfully monitor Ca2+ responses to microbial biotic and abiotic elicitors. In M. truncatula, we demonstrate that GECOs detect symbiosis-related Ca2+ spiking variations with higher sensitivity than the yellow FRET-based sensors previously used. Additionally, in both M. truncatula and A. thaliana, the dual sensor is now able to resolve in a single root cell the coordinated spatiotemporal dynamics of nuclear and cytoplasmic Ca2+ signaling in vivo. The GECO-based sensors presented here therefore represent powerful tools to monitor Ca2+ signaling dynamics in vivo in response to different stimuli in multi-subcellular compartments of plant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Kelner
- Laboratory of Plant Microbe Interactions, Université de Toulouse, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Nuno Leitão
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Mireille Chabaud
- Laboratory of Plant Microbe Interactions, Université de Toulouse, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Myriam Charpentier
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Myriam Charpentier
| | - Fernanda de Carvalho-Niebel
- Laboratory of Plant Microbe Interactions, Université de Toulouse, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Castanet-Tolosan, France
- Fernanda de Carvalho-Niebel
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87
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Buendia L, Girardin A, Wang T, Cottret L, Lefebvre B. LysM Receptor-Like Kinase and LysM Receptor-Like Protein Families: An Update on Phylogeny and Functional Characterization. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1531. [PMID: 30405668 PMCID: PMC6207691 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Members of plant specific families of receptor-like kinases (RLKs) and receptor-like proteins (RLPs), containing 3 extracellular LysMs have been shown to directly bind and/or to be involved in perception of lipo-chitooligosaccharides (LCO), chitooligosaccharides (CO), and peptidoglycan (PGN), three types of GlcNAc-containing molecules produced by microorganisms. These receptors are involved in microorganism perception by plants and can activate different plant responses leading either to symbiosis establishment or to defense responses against pathogens. LysM-RLK/Ps belong to multigenic families. Here, we provide a phylogeny of these families in eight plant species, including dicotyledons and monocotyledons, and we discuss known or putative biological roles of the members in each of the identified phylogenetic groups. We also report and discuss known biochemical properties of the LysM-RLK/Ps.
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88
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Grosche C, Genau AC, Rensing SA. Evolution of the Symbiosis-Specific GRAS Regulatory Network in Bryophytes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1621. [PMID: 30459800 PMCID: PMC6232258 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhiza is one of the most common plant symbiotic interactions observed today. Due to their nearly ubiquitous occurrence and their beneficial impact on both partners it was suggested that this mutualistic interaction was crucial for plants to colonize the terrestrial habitat approximately 500 Ma ago. On the plant side the association is established via the common symbiotic pathway (CSP). This pathway allows the recognition of the fungal symbiotic partner, subsequent signaling to the nucleus, and initiation of the symbiotic program with respect to specific gene expression and cellular re-organization. The downstream part of the CSP is a regulatory network that coordinates the transcription of genes necessary to establish the symbiosis, comprising multiple GRAS transcription factors (TFs). These regulate their own expression as an intricate transcriptional network. Deduced from non-host genome data the loss of genes encoding CSP components coincides with the loss of the interaction itself. Here, we analyzed bryophyte species with special emphasis on the moss Physcomitrella patens, supposed to be a non-host, for the composition of the GRAS regulatory network components. We show lineage specific losses and expansions of several of these factors in bryophytes, potentially coinciding with the proposed host/non-host status of the lineages. We evaluate losses and expansions and infer clade-specific evolution of GRAS TFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Grosche
- Plant Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | | | - Stefan A. Rensing
- Plant Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Stefan A. Rensing,
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89
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Chiu CH, Choi J, Paszkowski U. Independent signalling cues underpin arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis and large lateral root induction in rice. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018; 217:552-557. [PMID: 29194644 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Perception of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) triggers distinct plant signalling responses for parallel establishment of symbiosis and induction of lateral root formation. Rice receptor kinase CHITIN ELICITOR RECEPTOR KINASE 1 (CERK1) and α/β-fold hydrolase DWARF14-LIKE (D14L) are involved in pre-symbiotic fungal perception. After 6 wk post-inoculation with Rhizophagus irregularis, root developmental responses, fungal colonization and transcriptional responses were monitored in two independent cerk1 null mutants; a deletion mutant lacking D14L, and with D14L complemented as well as their respective wild-type cultivars (cv Nipponbare and Nihonmasari). Here we show that although essential for symbiosis, D14L is dispensable for AMF-induced root architectural modulation, which conversely relies on CERK1. Our results demonstrate uncoupling of symbiosis and the symbiotic root developmental signalling during pre-symbiosis with CERK1 required for AMF-induced root architectural changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chai Hao Chiu
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK
| | - Jeongmin Choi
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK
| | - Uta Paszkowski
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK
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90
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Pfister C, Bourque S, Chatagnier O, Chiltz A, Fromentin J, Van Tuinen D, Wipf D, Leborgne-Castel N. Differential Signaling and Sugar Exchanges in Response to Avirulent Pathogen- and Symbiont-Derived Molecules in Tobacco Cells. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:2228. [PMID: 29209286 PMCID: PMC5701941 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants interact with microbes whose ultimate aim is to exploit plant carbohydrates for their reproduction. Plant–microbe interactions (PMIs) are classified according to the nature of their trophic exchanges: while mutualistic microbes trade nutrients with plants, pathogens unilaterally divert carbohydrates. The early responses following microbe recognition and the subsequent control of plant sugar distribution are still poorly understood. To further decipher PMI functionality, we used tobacco cells treated with microbial molecules mimicking pathogenic or mutualistic PMIs, namely cryptogein, a defense elicitor, and chitotetrasaccharide (CO4), which is secreted by mycorrhizal fungi. CO4 was perceived by tobacco cells and triggered widespread transient signaling components such as a sharp cytosolic Ca2+ elevation, NtrbohD-dependent H2O2 production, and MAP kinase activation. These CO4-induced events differed from those induced by cryptogein, i.e., sustained events leading to cell death. Furthermore, cryptogein treatment inhibited glucose and sucrose uptake but not fructose uptake, and promoted the expression of NtSUT and NtSWEET sugar transporters, whereas CO4 had no effect on sugar uptake and only a slight effect on NtSWEET2B expression. Our results suggest that microbial molecules induce different signaling responses that reflect microbial lifestyle and the subsequent outcome of the interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carole Pfister
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Stéphane Bourque
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Odile Chatagnier
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Annick Chiltz
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Jérôme Fromentin
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Diederik Van Tuinen
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Daniel Wipf
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
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91
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Desaki Y, Miyata K, Suzuki M, Shibuya N, Kaku H. Plant immunity and symbiosis signaling mediated by LysM receptors. Innate Immun 2017; 24:92-100. [PMID: 29105533 DOI: 10.1177/1753425917738885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants possess the ability to recognize microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) and PAMPs through the PRRs, and initiate pattern-triggered immunity. MAMPs are derived from cell-envelope components, secreted materials and cytosolic proteins from bacteria, oomycetes or fungi, and some MAMPs play a similar function in the innate immunity in mammals. Chitin is a representative fungal MAMP and triggers defense signaling in a wide range of plant species. The chitin receptors CEBiP and CERK1 on the plasma membrane have LysM (lysin motif) in their ectodomains. These molecules play an important role for the defense responses in rice and Arabidopsis, strictly recognizing the size and acetylated form of chitin oligosaccharides. However, related LysM receptors also play major roles for the signaling in root nodule and arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis. This review summarizes current knowledge on the molecular mechanisms of the defense and symbiosis signaling mediated by LysM receptors, including the activation steps of chitin-induced defense signaling downstream of LysM receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitake Desaki
- Guest Editors: Mari-Anne Newman (Copenhagen, Denmark) and Antonio Molinaro (Naples, Italy) 1Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Kana Miyata
- Guest Editors: Mari-Anne Newman (Copenhagen, Denmark) and Antonio Molinaro (Naples, Italy) 1Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Japan.,2 Department of Plant Science, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maruya Suzuki
- Guest Editors: Mari-Anne Newman (Copenhagen, Denmark) and Antonio Molinaro (Naples, Italy) 1Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Naoto Shibuya
- Guest Editors: Mari-Anne Newman (Copenhagen, Denmark) and Antonio Molinaro (Naples, Italy) 1Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Hanae Kaku
- Guest Editors: Mari-Anne Newman (Copenhagen, Denmark) and Antonio Molinaro (Naples, Italy) 1Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Japan
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92
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Poonam, Srivastava S, Pathare V, Suprasanna P. Physiological and molecular insights into rice-arbuscular mycorrhizal interactions under arsenic stress. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plgene.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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93
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Scarpari M, Reverberi M, Parroni A, Scala V, Fanelli C, Pietricola C, Zjalic S, Maresca V, Tafuri A, Ricciardi MR, Licchetta R, Mirabilii S, Sveronis A, Cescutti P, Rizzo R. Tramesan, a novel polysaccharide from Trametes versicolor. Structural characterization and biological effects. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171412. [PMID: 28829786 PMCID: PMC5567496 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mushrooms represent a formidable source of bioactive compounds. Some of these may be considered as biological response modifiers; these include compounds with a specific biological function: antibiotics (e.g. plectasin), immune system stimulator (e,g, lentinan), antitumor agents (e.g. krestin, PSK) and hypolipidemic agents (e.g. lovastatin) inter alia. In this study, we focused on the Chinese medicinal mushroom "yun zhi", Trametes versicolor, traditionally used for (cit.) "replenish essence and qi (vital energy)". Previous studies indicated the potential activity of extracts from culture filtrate of asexual mycelia of T. versicolor in controlling the growth and secondary metabolism (e.g. mycotoxins) of plant pathogenic fungi. The quest of active principles produced by T. versicolor, allowed us characterising an exo-polysaccharide released in its culture filtrate and naming it Tramesan. Herein we evaluate the biological activity of Tramesan in different organisms: plants, mammals and plant pathogenic fungi. We suggest that the bioactivity of Tramesan relies mostly on its ability to act as pro antioxidant molecule regardless the biological system on which it was applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzia Scarpari
- Sapienza University, Dept. of Environmental Biology, P.le Aldo Moro 5, Roma, Italy
| | - Massimo Reverberi
- Sapienza University, Dept. of Environmental Biology, P.le Aldo Moro 5, Roma, Italy
| | - Alessia Parroni
- Sapienza University, Dept. of Environmental Biology, P.le Aldo Moro 5, Roma, Italy
| | - Valeria Scala
- Research Unit for Plant Pathology, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Rome, Italy, Roma, Italy
| | - Corrado Fanelli
- Sapienza University, Dept. of Environmental Biology, P.le Aldo Moro 5, Roma, Italy
| | - Chiara Pietricola
- Sapienza University, Dept. of Environmental Biology, P.le Aldo Moro 5, Roma, Italy
| | - Slaven Zjalic
- Department of Ecology, Agronomy and Aquaculture, University of Zadar, HR, Zadar
| | | | - Agostino Tafuri
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Hematology, "Sant'Andrea" University Hospital Sapienza, University of Rome Roma
| | - Maria R Ricciardi
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Hematology, "Sant'Andrea" University Hospital Sapienza, University of Rome Roma
| | - Roberto Licchetta
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Hematology, "Sant'Andrea" University Hospital Sapienza, University of Rome Roma
| | - Simone Mirabilii
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Hematology, "Sant'Andrea" University Hospital Sapienza, University of Rome Roma
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94
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Plant signalling in symbiosis and immunity. Nature 2017; 543:328-336. [PMID: 28300100 DOI: 10.1038/nature22009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 395] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Plants encounter a myriad of microorganisms, particularly at the root-soil interface, that can invade with detrimental or beneficial outcomes. Prevalent beneficial associations between plants and microorganisms include those that promote plant growth by facilitating the acquisition of limiting nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus. But while promoting such symbiotic relationships, plants must restrict the formation of pathogenic associations. Achieving this balance requires the perception of potential invading microorganisms through the signals that they produce, followed by the activation of either symbiotic responses that promote microbial colonization or immune responses that limit it.
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Carotenuto G, Chabaud M, Miyata K, Capozzi M, Takeda N, Kaku H, Shibuya N, Nakagawa T, Barker DG, Genre A. The rice LysM receptor-like kinase OsCERK1 is required for the perception of short-chain chitin oligomers in arbuscular mycorrhizal signaling. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2017; 214:1440-1446. [PMID: 28369864 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The rice lysin-motif (LysM) receptor-like kinase OsCERK1 is now known to have a dual role in both pathogenic and symbiotic interactions. Following the recent discovery that the Oscerk1 mutant is unable to host arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, we have examined whether OsCERK1 is directly involved in the perception of the short-chain chitin oligomers (Myc-COs) identified in AM fungal exudates and shown to activate nuclear calcium (Ca2+ ) spiking in the rice root epidermis. An Oscerk1 knockout mutant expressing the cameleon NLS-YC2.60 was used to monitor nuclear Ca2+ signaling following root treatment with either crude fungal exudates or purified Myc-COs. Compared with wild-type rice, Ca2+ spiking responses to AM fungal elicitation were absent in root atrichoblasts of the Oscerk1 mutant. By contrast, rice lines mutated in OsCEBiP, encoding the LysM receptor-like protein which associates with OsCERK1 to perceive chitin elicitors of the host immune defense pathway, responded positively to Myc-COs. These findings provide direct evidence that the bi-functional OsCERK1 plays a central role in perceiving short-chain Myc-CO signals and activating the downstream conserved symbiotic signal transduction pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gennaro Carotenuto
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Torino, 10125, Italy
| | - Mireille Chabaud
- Laboratory of Plant-Microbe Interactions (LIPM), INRA-CNRS-Toulouse University, Castanet-Tolosan, 31326, France
| | - Kana Miyata
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 214-8571, Japan
| | - Martina Capozzi
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Torino, 10125, Italy
| | - Naoya Takeda
- National Institute for Basic Biology (NIBB)/SOKENDAI, Nishigonaka 38, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Hanae Kaku
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 214-8571, Japan
| | - Naoto Shibuya
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 214-8571, Japan
| | - Tomomi Nakagawa
- National Institute for Basic Biology (NIBB)/SOKENDAI, Nishigonaka 38, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585, Japan
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8602, Japan
| | - David G Barker
- Laboratory of Plant-Microbe Interactions (LIPM), INRA-CNRS-Toulouse University, Castanet-Tolosan, 31326, France
| | - Andrea Genre
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Torino, 10125, Italy
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96
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Roy S, Robson F, Lilley J, Liu CW, Cheng X, Wen J, Walker S, Sun J, Cousins D, Bone C, Bennett MJ, Downie JA, Swarup R, Oldroyd G, Murray JD. MtLAX2, a Functional Homologue of the Arabidopsis Auxin Influx Transporter AUX1, Is Required for Nodule Organogenesis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 174:326-338. [PMID: 28363992 PMCID: PMC5411133 DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.01473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Most legume plants can form nodules, specialized lateral organs that form on roots, and house nitrogen-fixing bacteria collectively called rhizobia. The uptake of the phytohormone auxin into cells is known to be crucial for development of lateral roots. To test the role of auxin influx in nodulation we used the auxin influx inhibitors 1-naphthoxyacetic acid (1-NOA) and 2-NOA, which we found reduced nodulation of Medicago truncatula. This suggested the possible involvement of the AUX/LAX family of auxin influx transporters in nodulation. Gene expression studies identified MtLAX2, a paralogue of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) AUX1, as being induced at early stages of nodule development. MtLAX2 is expressed in nodule primordia, the vasculature of developing nodules, and at the apex of mature nodules. The MtLAX2 promoter contains several auxin response elements, and treatment with indole-acetic acid strongly induces MtLAX2 expression in roots. mtlax2 mutants displayed root phenotypes similar to Arabidopsis aux1 mutants, including altered root gravitropism, fewer lateral roots, shorter root hairs, and auxin resistance. In addition, the activity of the synthetic DR5-GUS auxin reporter was strongly reduced in mtlax2 roots. Following inoculation with rhizobia, mtlax2 roots developed fewer nodules, had decreased DR5-GUS activity associated with infection sites, and had decreased expression of the early auxin responsive gene ARF16a Our data indicate that MtLAX2 is a functional analog of Arabidopsis AUX1 and is required for the accumulation of auxin during nodule formation in tissues underlying sites of rhizobial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonali Roy
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, United Kingdom (S.R., F.R., J.L., C.-W.L., J.S., D.C., C.B., G.O., J.D.M.)
- Plant Biology Division, Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, 2510 Sam Noble Parkway, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401 (S.R., X.C., J.W.)
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, United Kingdom (S.W., J.A.D.)
- Plant and Crop Science Division, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nr Loughborough LE12 5RD, United Kingdom (M.J.B., R.S.); and
- Babraham Institute, Babraham Hall, Babraham CB22 3AT, United Kingdom (S.W.)
| | - Fran Robson
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, United Kingdom (S.R., F.R., J.L., C.-W.L., J.S., D.C., C.B., G.O., J.D.M.)
- Plant Biology Division, Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, 2510 Sam Noble Parkway, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401 (S.R., X.C., J.W.)
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, United Kingdom (S.W., J.A.D.)
- Plant and Crop Science Division, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nr Loughborough LE12 5RD, United Kingdom (M.J.B., R.S.); and
- Babraham Institute, Babraham Hall, Babraham CB22 3AT, United Kingdom (S.W.)
| | - Jodi Lilley
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, United Kingdom (S.R., F.R., J.L., C.-W.L., J.S., D.C., C.B., G.O., J.D.M.)
- Plant Biology Division, Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, 2510 Sam Noble Parkway, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401 (S.R., X.C., J.W.)
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, United Kingdom (S.W., J.A.D.)
- Plant and Crop Science Division, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nr Loughborough LE12 5RD, United Kingdom (M.J.B., R.S.); and
- Babraham Institute, Babraham Hall, Babraham CB22 3AT, United Kingdom (S.W.)
| | - Cheng-Wu Liu
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, United Kingdom (S.R., F.R., J.L., C.-W.L., J.S., D.C., C.B., G.O., J.D.M.)
- Plant Biology Division, Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, 2510 Sam Noble Parkway, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401 (S.R., X.C., J.W.)
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, United Kingdom (S.W., J.A.D.)
- Plant and Crop Science Division, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nr Loughborough LE12 5RD, United Kingdom (M.J.B., R.S.); and
- Babraham Institute, Babraham Hall, Babraham CB22 3AT, United Kingdom (S.W.)
| | - Xiaofei Cheng
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, United Kingdom (S.R., F.R., J.L., C.-W.L., J.S., D.C., C.B., G.O., J.D.M.)
- Plant Biology Division, Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, 2510 Sam Noble Parkway, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401 (S.R., X.C., J.W.)
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, United Kingdom (S.W., J.A.D.)
- Plant and Crop Science Division, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nr Loughborough LE12 5RD, United Kingdom (M.J.B., R.S.); and
- Babraham Institute, Babraham Hall, Babraham CB22 3AT, United Kingdom (S.W.)
| | - Jiangqi Wen
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, United Kingdom (S.R., F.R., J.L., C.-W.L., J.S., D.C., C.B., G.O., J.D.M.)
- Plant Biology Division, Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, 2510 Sam Noble Parkway, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401 (S.R., X.C., J.W.)
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, United Kingdom (S.W., J.A.D.)
- Plant and Crop Science Division, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nr Loughborough LE12 5RD, United Kingdom (M.J.B., R.S.); and
- Babraham Institute, Babraham Hall, Babraham CB22 3AT, United Kingdom (S.W.)
| | - Simon Walker
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, United Kingdom (S.R., F.R., J.L., C.-W.L., J.S., D.C., C.B., G.O., J.D.M.)
- Plant Biology Division, Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, 2510 Sam Noble Parkway, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401 (S.R., X.C., J.W.)
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, United Kingdom (S.W., J.A.D.)
- Plant and Crop Science Division, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nr Loughborough LE12 5RD, United Kingdom (M.J.B., R.S.); and
- Babraham Institute, Babraham Hall, Babraham CB22 3AT, United Kingdom (S.W.)
| | - Jongho Sun
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, United Kingdom (S.R., F.R., J.L., C.-W.L., J.S., D.C., C.B., G.O., J.D.M.)
- Plant Biology Division, Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, 2510 Sam Noble Parkway, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401 (S.R., X.C., J.W.)
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, United Kingdom (S.W., J.A.D.)
- Plant and Crop Science Division, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nr Loughborough LE12 5RD, United Kingdom (M.J.B., R.S.); and
- Babraham Institute, Babraham Hall, Babraham CB22 3AT, United Kingdom (S.W.)
| | - Donna Cousins
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, United Kingdom (S.R., F.R., J.L., C.-W.L., J.S., D.C., C.B., G.O., J.D.M.)
- Plant Biology Division, Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, 2510 Sam Noble Parkway, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401 (S.R., X.C., J.W.)
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, United Kingdom (S.W., J.A.D.)
- Plant and Crop Science Division, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nr Loughborough LE12 5RD, United Kingdom (M.J.B., R.S.); and
- Babraham Institute, Babraham Hall, Babraham CB22 3AT, United Kingdom (S.W.)
| | - Caitlin Bone
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, United Kingdom (S.R., F.R., J.L., C.-W.L., J.S., D.C., C.B., G.O., J.D.M.)
- Plant Biology Division, Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, 2510 Sam Noble Parkway, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401 (S.R., X.C., J.W.)
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, United Kingdom (S.W., J.A.D.)
- Plant and Crop Science Division, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nr Loughborough LE12 5RD, United Kingdom (M.J.B., R.S.); and
- Babraham Institute, Babraham Hall, Babraham CB22 3AT, United Kingdom (S.W.)
| | - Malcolm J Bennett
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, United Kingdom (S.R., F.R., J.L., C.-W.L., J.S., D.C., C.B., G.O., J.D.M.)
- Plant Biology Division, Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, 2510 Sam Noble Parkway, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401 (S.R., X.C., J.W.)
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, United Kingdom (S.W., J.A.D.)
- Plant and Crop Science Division, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nr Loughborough LE12 5RD, United Kingdom (M.J.B., R.S.); and
- Babraham Institute, Babraham Hall, Babraham CB22 3AT, United Kingdom (S.W.)
| | - J Allan Downie
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, United Kingdom (S.R., F.R., J.L., C.-W.L., J.S., D.C., C.B., G.O., J.D.M.)
- Plant Biology Division, Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, 2510 Sam Noble Parkway, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401 (S.R., X.C., J.W.)
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, United Kingdom (S.W., J.A.D.)
- Plant and Crop Science Division, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nr Loughborough LE12 5RD, United Kingdom (M.J.B., R.S.); and
- Babraham Institute, Babraham Hall, Babraham CB22 3AT, United Kingdom (S.W.)
| | - Ranjan Swarup
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, United Kingdom (S.R., F.R., J.L., C.-W.L., J.S., D.C., C.B., G.O., J.D.M.)
- Plant Biology Division, Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, 2510 Sam Noble Parkway, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401 (S.R., X.C., J.W.)
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, United Kingdom (S.W., J.A.D.)
- Plant and Crop Science Division, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nr Loughborough LE12 5RD, United Kingdom (M.J.B., R.S.); and
- Babraham Institute, Babraham Hall, Babraham CB22 3AT, United Kingdom (S.W.)
| | - Giles Oldroyd
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, United Kingdom (S.R., F.R., J.L., C.-W.L., J.S., D.C., C.B., G.O., J.D.M.)
- Plant Biology Division, Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, 2510 Sam Noble Parkway, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401 (S.R., X.C., J.W.)
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, United Kingdom (S.W., J.A.D.)
- Plant and Crop Science Division, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nr Loughborough LE12 5RD, United Kingdom (M.J.B., R.S.); and
- Babraham Institute, Babraham Hall, Babraham CB22 3AT, United Kingdom (S.W.)
| | - Jeremy D Murray
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, United Kingdom (S.R., F.R., J.L., C.-W.L., J.S., D.C., C.B., G.O., J.D.M.);
- Plant Biology Division, Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, 2510 Sam Noble Parkway, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401 (S.R., X.C., J.W.);
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, United Kingdom (S.W., J.A.D.);
- Plant and Crop Science Division, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nr Loughborough LE12 5RD, United Kingdom (M.J.B., R.S.); and
- Babraham Institute, Babraham Hall, Babraham CB22 3AT, United Kingdom (S.W.)
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97
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Cao Y, Halane MK, Gassmann W, Stacey G. The Role of Plant Innate Immunity in the Legume-Rhizobium Symbiosis. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 68:535-561. [PMID: 28142283 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-042916-041030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
A classic view of the evolution of mutualism is that it derives from a pathogenic relationship that attenuated over time to a situation in which both partners can benefit. If this is the case for rhizobia, then one might uncover features of the symbiosis that reflect this earlier pathogenic state. For example, as with plant pathogens, it is now generally assumed that rhizobia actively suppress the host immune response to allow infection and symbiosis establishment. Likewise, the host has retained mechanisms to control the nutrient supply to the symbionts and the number of nodules so that they do not become too burdensome. The open question is whether such events are strictly ancillary to the central symbiotic nodulation factor signaling pathway or are essential for rhizobial host infection. Subsequent to these early infection events, plant immune responses can also be induced inside nodules and likely play a role in, for example, nodule senescence. Thus, a balanced regulation of innate immunity is likely required throughout rhizobial infection, symbiotic establishment, and maintenance. In this review, we discuss the significance of plant immune responses in the regulation of symbiotic associations with rhizobia, as well as rhizobial evasion of the host immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangrong Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Morgan K Halane
- Division of Plant Sciences, C.S. Bond Life Sciences Center, and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211
| | - Walter Gassmann
- Division of Plant Sciences, C.S. Bond Life Sciences Center, and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211
| | - Gary Stacey
- Division of Plant Sciences, C.S. Bond Life Sciences Center, and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211
- Division of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211;
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98
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Barker DG, Chabaud M, Russo G, Genre A. Nuclear Ca 2+ signalling in arbuscular mycorrhizal and actinorhizal endosymbioses: on the trail of novel underground signals. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2017; 214:533-538. [PMID: 27918078 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Contents 533 I. 533 II. 534 III. 536 IV. 536 537 References 537 SUMMARY: Root endosymbioses are beneficial associations formed between terrestrial plants and either bacterial or fungal micro-organisms. A common feature of these intracellular symbioses is the requirement for mutual recognition between the two partners before host-regulated microbial entry. As part of this molecular dialogue, symbiosis-specific microbial factors set in motion a highly conserved plant signal transduction pathway, of which a central component is the activation of sustained nuclear Ca2+ oscillations in target cells of the host epidermis. Here, we focus on recent findings concerning this crucial Ca2+ -dependent signalling step for endosymbiotic associations involving either arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi or nitrogen-fixing Frankia actinomycetes, and in particular how this knowledge is contributing to the identification of the respective microbial factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G Barker
- Laboratory of Plant-Microbe Interactions (LIPM), INRA-CNRS-Toulouse University, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Mireille Chabaud
- Laboratory of Plant-Microbe Interactions (LIPM), INRA-CNRS-Toulouse University, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Guilia Russo
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, Turin University, Viale Mattioli 25, 10125, Turin, Italy
| | - Andrea Genre
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, Turin University, Viale Mattioli 25, 10125, Turin, Italy
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99
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Sugimura Y, Saito K. Transcriptional profiling of arbuscular mycorrhizal roots exposed to high levels of phosphate reveals the repression of cell cycle-related genes and secreted protein genes in Rhizophagus irregularis. MYCORRHIZA 2017; 27:139-146. [PMID: 27766430 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-016-0735-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The development of arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) is strongly suppressed under high-phosphate (Pi) conditions. To investigate AM fungal responses during the suppression of AM by high Pi, we performed an RNA-seq analysis of Rhizophagus irregularis colonizing Lotus japonicus roots at different levels of Pi (20, 100, 300, and 500 μM). AM fungal colonization decreased markedly under high-Pi conditions. In total, 163 fungal genes were differentially expressed among the four Pi treatments. Among these genes, a cell cycle-regulatory gene, cyclin-dependent kinase CDK1, and several DNA replication- and mitosis-related genes were repressed under high-Pi conditions. More than 20 genes encoding secreted proteins were also downregulated by high-Pi conditions, including the strigolactone-induced putative secreted protein 1 gene that enhances AM fungal colonization. In contrast, the expression of genes related to aerobic respiration and transport in R. irregularis were largely unaffected. Our data suggest that high Pi suppresses the expression of genes associated with fungal cell cycle progression or that encode secreted proteins that may be required for intercellular hyphal growth and arbuscule formation. However, high Pi has little effect on the transcriptional regulation of the primary metabolism or transport in preformed fungal structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusaku Sugimura
- Department of Bioscience and Food Production Science, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Minamiminowa, Nagano, 399-4598, Japan
| | - Katsuharu Saito
- Faculty of Agriculture, Shinshu University, Minamiminowa, Nagano, 399-4598, Japan.
- Research Center for Fungal & Microbial Dynamism, Shinshu University, Minamiminowa, Nagano, 399-4598, Japan.
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100
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Kamel L, Keller-Pearson M, Roux C, Ané JM. Biology and evolution of arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis in the light of genomics. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2017; 213:531-536. [PMID: 27780291 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
531 I. 531 II. 532 III. 532 IV. 534 V. 534 535 References 535 SUMMARY: Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi associate with the vast majority of land plants, providing mutual nutritional benefits and protecting hosts against biotic and abiotic stresses. Significant progress was made recently in our understanding of the genomic organization, the obligate requirements, and the sexual nature of these fungi through the release and subsequent mining of genome sequences. Genomic and genetic approaches also improved our understanding of the signal repertoire used by AM fungi and their plant hosts to recognize each other for the initiation and maintenance of this association. Evolutionary and bioinformatic analyses of host and nonhost plant genomes represent novel ways with which to decipher host mechanisms controlling these associations and shed light on the stepwise acquisition of this genetic toolkit during plant evolution. Mining fungal and plant genomes along with evolutionary and genetic approaches will improve understanding of these symbiotic associations and, in the long term, their usefulness in agricultural settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Kamel
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, UPS, CNRS 24 Chemin de Borde Rouge-Auzeville, BP 42617, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
- Agronutrition SA, rue Pierre et Marie Curie Immeuble Biostep, 31670, Labège, France
| | - Michelle Keller-Pearson
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Christophe Roux
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, UPS, CNRS 24 Chemin de Borde Rouge-Auzeville, BP 42617, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Jean-Michel Ané
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
- Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
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