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Kong D, Wang J, Zeng H, Liu M, Miao Y, Wu H, Kardol P. The nutrient absorption-transportation hypothesis: optimizing structural traits in absorptive roots. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2017; 213:1569-1572. [PMID: 27859373 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Deliang Kong
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Junjian Wang
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Hui Zeng
- Key Laboratory for Urban Habitat Environmental Science and Technology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518005, China
| | - Mengzhou Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Yuan Miao
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Huifang Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Paul Kardol
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, 90183, Sweden
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Zadworny M, McCormack ML, Żytkowiak R, Karolewski P, Mucha J, Oleksyn J. Patterns of structural and defense investments in fine roots of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) across a strong temperature and latitudinal gradient in Europe. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2017; 23:1218-1231. [PMID: 27670838 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Plant functional traits may be altered as plants adapt to various environmental constraints. Cold, low fertility growing conditions are often associated with root adjustments to increase acquisition of limiting nutrient resources, but they may also result in construction of roots with reduced uptake potential but higher tissue persistence. It is ultimately unclear whether plants produce fine roots of different structure in response to decreasing temperatures and whether these changes represent a trade-off between root function or potential root persistence. We assessed patterns of root construction based on various root morphological, biochemical and defense traits including root diameter, specific root length (SRL), root tissue density (RTD), C:N ratio, phenolic compounds, and number of phellem layers across up to 10 root orders in diverse populations of Scots pine along a 2000-km climatic gradient in Europe. Our results showed that different root traits are related to mean annual temperature (MAT) and expressed a pattern of higher root diameter and lower SRL and RTD in northern sites with lower MAT. Among absorptive roots, we observed a gradual decline in chemical defenses (phenolic compounds) with decreasing MAT. In contrast, decreasing MAT resulted in an increase of structural protection (number of phellem layers) in transport fine roots. This indicated that absorptive roots with high capacity for nutrient uptake, and transport roots with low uptake capacity, were characterized by distinct and contrasting trade-offs. Our observations suggest that diminishing structural and chemical investments into the more distal, absorptive roots in colder climates is consistent with building roots of higher absorptive capacity. At the same time, roots that play a more prominent role in transport of nutrients and water within the root system saw an increase in structural investment, which can increase persistence and reduce long-term costs associated with their frequent replacement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Zadworny
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Parkowa 5, 62-035, Kórnik, Poland
| | - M Luke McCormack
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, 55108, USA
| | - Roma Żytkowiak
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Parkowa 5, 62-035, Kórnik, Poland
| | - Piotr Karolewski
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Parkowa 5, 62-035, Kórnik, Poland
| | - Joanna Mucha
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Parkowa 5, 62-035, Kórnik, Poland
| | - Jacek Oleksyn
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Parkowa 5, 62-035, Kórnik, Poland
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, 55108, USA
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Zhao YT, Ali A, Yan ER. The plant economics spectrum is structured by leaf habits and growth forms across subtropical species. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 37:173-185. [PMID: 28399260 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpw098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The plant economics spectrum that integrates the combination of leaf and wood syndromes provides a useful framework for the examination of species strategies at the whole-plant level. However, it remains unclear how species that differ in leaf habits and growth forms are integrated within the plant economics spectrum in subtropical forests. We measured five leaf and six wood traits across 58 subtropical plant species, which represented two leaf habits (evergreen vs deciduous) and two growth forms (tree vs shrub) in eastern China. Principal component analysis (PCA) was employed separately to construct the leaf (LES), wood (WES) and whole-plant (WPES) economics spectra. Leaf and wood traits are highly intra- and intercorrelated, thus defining not only the LES and WES, but also a WPES. Multi-trait variations in PCAs revealed that the traits which were representative of the acquisitive strategy, i.e., cheap tissue investment and rapid returns on that investment, were clustered at one end, while traits that represented the conservative strategy, i.e., expensive tissue investment and slower returns, were clustered at other end in each of the axes of the leaf and wood syndromes (PC1-axis) and the plant height strategy (PC2-axis). The local WPES, LES and WES were tightly correlated with each other. Evergreens shaped the conservative side, while deciduous species structured the acquisitive side of the WPES and LES. With respect to plant height strategies, trees formulated the acquisitive side and shrub species made up the conservative side of the WPES, LES and WES. In conclusion, our results suggested that the LES and WES were coordinated to a WPES for subtropical species. The finding of this local spectrum of plant form and function would be beneficial for modeling nutrient fluxes and species compositions in the changing climate, but also for understanding species strategies in an evolutionary context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Tao Zhao
- School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, 200241 Shanghai, China
- Forest Ecosystem Research and Observation Station in Putuo Island, 18 Longxing Road, Putuo District, 316100 Zhoushan, Zhejiang Province, China
- Tiantong National Forest Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Tiantong Forestry Centre in Dongwu Town, Yinzhou District, 315114 Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Arshad Ali
- School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, 200241 Shanghai, China
- Forest Ecosystem Research and Observation Station in Putuo Island, 18 Longxing Road, Putuo District, 316100 Zhoushan, Zhejiang Province, China
- Tiantong National Forest Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Tiantong Forestry Centre in Dongwu Town, Yinzhou District, 315114 Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - En-Rong Yan
- School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, 200241 Shanghai, China
- Forest Ecosystem Research and Observation Station in Putuo Island, 18 Longxing Road, Putuo District, 316100 Zhoushan, Zhejiang Province, China
- Tiantong National Forest Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Tiantong Forestry Centre in Dongwu Town, Yinzhou District, 315114 Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China
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Functional Composition of Tree Communities Changed Topsoil Properties in an Old Experimental Tropical Plantation. Ecosystems 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-016-0081-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Weemstra M, Mommer L, Visser EJW, van Ruijven J, Kuyper TW, Mohren GMJ, Sterck FJ. Towards a multidimensional root trait framework: a tree root review. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2016; 211:1159-69. [PMID: 27174359 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Contents 1159 I. 1159 II. 1161 III. 1164 IV. 1166 1167 References 1167 SUMMARY: The search for a root economics spectrum (RES) has been sparked by recent interest in trait-based plant ecology. By analogy with the one-dimensional leaf economics spectrum (LES), fine-root traits are hypothesised to match leaf traits which are coordinated along one axis from resource acquisitive to conservative traits. However, our literature review and meta-level analysis reveal no consistent evidence of an RES mirroring an LES. Instead the RES appears to be multidimensional. We discuss three fundamental differences contributing to the discrepancy between these spectra. First, root traits are simultaneously constrained by various environmental drivers not necessarily related to resource uptake. Second, above- and belowground traits cannot be considered analogues, because they function differently and might not be related to resource uptake in a similar manner. Third, mycorrhizal interactions may offset selection for an RES. Understanding and explaining the belowground mechanisms and trade-offs that drive variation in root traits, resource acquisition and plant performance across species, thus requires a fundamentally different approach than applied aboveground. We therefore call for studies that can functionally incorporate the root traits involved in resource uptake, the complex soil environment and the various soil resource uptake mechanisms - particularly the mycorrhizal pathway - in a multidimensional root trait framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique Weemstra
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management group, Wageningen University, 6700 AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation group, Wageningen University, 6700 AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Liesje Mommer
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation group, Wageningen University, 6700 AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Eric J W Visser
- Department of Experimental Plant Ecology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6500 GL, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Jasper van Ruijven
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation group, Wageningen University, 6700 AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Thomas W Kuyper
- Department of Soil Quality, Wageningen University, 6700 AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Godefridus M J Mohren
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management group, Wageningen University, 6700 AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Frank J Sterck
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management group, Wageningen University, 6700 AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands
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Roumet C, Birouste M, Picon-Cochard C, Ghestem M, Osman N, Vrignon-Brenas S, Cao KF, Stokes A. Root structure-function relationships in 74 species: evidence of a root economics spectrum related to carbon economy. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2016; 210:815-26. [PMID: 26765311 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Although fine roots are important components of the global carbon cycle, there is limited understanding of root structure-function relationships among species. We determined whether root respiration rate and decomposability, two key processes driving carbon cycling but always studied separately, varied with root morphological and chemical traits, in a coordinated way that would demonstrate the existence of a root economics spectrum (RES). Twelve traits were measured on fine roots (diameter ≤ 2 mm) of 74 species (31 graminoids and 43 herbaceous and dwarf shrub eudicots) collected in three biomes. The findings of this study support the existence of a RES representing an axis of trait variation in which root respiration was positively correlated to nitrogen concentration and specific root length and negatively correlated to the root dry matter content, lignin : nitrogen ratio and the remaining mass after decomposition. This pattern of traits was highly consistent within graminoids but less consistent within eudicots, as a result of an uncoupling between decomposability and morphology, and of heterogeneity of individual roots of eudicots within the fine-root pool. The positive relationship found between root respiration and decomposability is essential for a better understanding of vegetation-soil feedbacks and for improving terrestrial biosphere models predicting the consequences of plant community changes for carbon cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Roumet
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, UMR 5175, CNRS - Université de Montpellier - Université Paul Valéry Montpellier - EPHE, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Marine Birouste
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, UMR 5175, CNRS - Université de Montpellier - Université Paul Valéry Montpellier - EPHE, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Catherine Picon-Cochard
- INRA, UR 874, UREP, Grassland Ecosystem Research, 5 Chemin de Beaulieu, 63039, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Murielle Ghestem
- INRA, UMR AMAP, Boulevard de la Lironde, 34398, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Normaniza Osman
- Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sylvain Vrignon-Brenas
- INRA, UR 874, UREP, Grassland Ecosystem Research, 5 Chemin de Beaulieu, 63039, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Kun-Fang Cao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, and College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
| | - Alexia Stokes
- INRA, UMR AMAP, Boulevard de la Lironde, 34398, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
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Burns JH, Anacker BL, Strauss SY, Burke DJ. Soil microbial community variation correlates most strongly with plant species identity, followed by soil chemistry, spatial location and plant genus. AOB PLANTS 2015; 7:plv030. [PMID: 25818073 PMCID: PMC4417136 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plv030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 03/14/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Soil ecologists have debated the relative importance of dispersal limitation and ecological factors in determining the structure of soil microbial communities. Recent evidence suggests that 'everything is not everywhere', and that microbial communities are influenced by both dispersal limitation and ecological factors. However, we still do not understand the relative explanatory power of spatial and ecological factors, including plant species identity and even plant relatedness, for different fractions of the soil microbial community (i.e. bacterial and fungal communities). To ask whether factors such as plant species, soil chemistry, spatial location and plant relatedness influence rhizosphere community composition, we examined field-collected rhizosphere soil of seven congener pairs that occur at Bodega Bay Marine Reserve, CA, USA. We characterized differences in bacterial and fungal communities using terminal-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Plant species identity was the single best statistical predictor of both bacterial and fungal community composition in the root zone. Soil microbial community structure was also correlated with soil chemistry. The third best predictor of bacterial and fungal communities was spatial location, confirming that everything is not everywhere. Variation in microbial community composition was also related to combinations of spatial location, soil chemistry and plant relatedness, suggesting that these factors do not act independently. Plant relatedness explained less of the variation than plant species, soil chemistry, or spatial location. Despite some congeners occupying different habitats and being spatially distant, rhizosphere fungal communities of plant congeners were more similar than expected by chance. Bacterial communities from the same samples were only weakly similar between plant congeners. Thus, plant relatedness might influence soil fungal, more than soil bacterial, community composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean H Burns
- Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | | | | | - David J Burke
- Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA The Holden Arboretum, 9500 Sperry Road, Kirtland, OH 44094, USA
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