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Brodnik ZD, Jaskiw GE. Effect of Mobile Phase pH on the Function of Other Optimization Parameters in an HPLC–ECD Assay of Biogenic Amines and Their Metabolites. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2014.913525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zachary D. Brodnik
- a Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Cleveland , Ohio , USA
| | - George E. Jaskiw
- a Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Cleveland , Ohio , USA
- b Department of Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland , Ohio , USA
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Pomierny-Chamiolo L, Miszkiel J, Frankowska M, Pomierny B, Niedzielska E, Smaga I, Fumagalli F, Filip M. Withdrawal from cocaine self-administration and yoked cocaine delivery dysregulates glutamatergic mGlu5 and NMDA receptors in the rat brain. Neurotox Res 2014; 27:246-58. [PMID: 25408547 PMCID: PMC4353866 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-014-9502-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Revised: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In human addicts and in animal models, chronic cocaine use leads to numerous alterations in glutamatergic transmission, including its receptors. The present study focused on metabotropic glutamatergic receptors type 5 (mGluR5) and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunits (NMDAR: GluN1, GluN2A, GluN2B) proteins during cocaine self-administration and after 10-day of extinction training in rats. To discriminate the contingent from the non-contingent cocaine delivery, we employed the “yoked”-triad control procedure. Protein expression in rat prefrontal cortex, nucleus accumbens, hippocampus, and dorsal striatum was determined. We also examined the Homer1b/c protein, a member of the postsynaptic density protein family that links NMDAR to mGluR5. Our results revealed that cocaine self-administration selectively increased GluN1 and GluN2A subunit in the rat hippocampus and dorsal striatum, respectively, while mGluR5 protein expression was similarly increased in the dorsal striatum of both experimental groups. Withdrawal from both contingent and non-contingent cocaine delivery induced parallel increases in prefrontal cortical GluN2A protein expression, hippocampal mGluR5, and GluN1 protein expression as well as in accumbal GluN1 subunit expression, while the mGluR5 expression was reduced in the prefrontal cortex. Extinction training in animals with a history of cocaine self-administration resulted in an elevation of the hippocampal GluN2A/GluN2B subunits and accumbal mGluR5, and in a 50 % decrease of mGluR5 protein expression in the dorsal striatum. The latter reduction was associated with Homer1b/1c protein level decrease. Our results showed that both contingent and non-contingent cocaine administration produces numerous, brain region specific, alterations in the mGluR5, NMDA, and Homer1b/1c protein expression which are dependent on the modality of cocaine administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucyna Pomierny-Chamiolo
- Department of Toxicology, Department of Biochemical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland,
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53
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Pitman KA, Puil E, Borgland SL. GABA(B) modulation of dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens core. Eur J Neurosci 2014; 40:3472-80. [PMID: 25229321 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.12733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Modulation of the concentration of dopamine (DA) released from dopaminergic terminals in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) influences behaviours such as the motivation to obtain drugs of abuse. γ-Aminobutyric acid type B (GABAB ) receptors are expressed throughout the mesolimbic circuit, including in the NAc, and baclofen, an agonist of GABAB receptors, can decrease drug-seeking behaviours. However, the mechanism by which GABAB receptors modulate terminal DA release has not been well studied. We explored how baclofen modulates the concentration of DA released from terminals in the NAc core using fast-scan cyclic voltammetry in brain slices from adult male C57BL/6J mice. We found that baclofen concentration-dependently decreased single pulse-evoked DA release. This effect was blocked by the GABAB antagonist, CGP 52432, but not by a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist. Suppression of DA release by a saturating concentration of baclofen was sustained for up to 1 h. The effect of baclofen was reduced with electrical stimulations mimicking burst firing of DA neurons. Similar to the D2 receptor agonist, quinpirole, baclofen reduced the probability of DA release, supporting a mechanistic overlap with D2 receptors. Baclofen-mediated suppression of DA release persisted after a locomotor-sensitizing cocaine treatment, indicating that GABAB receptors on DA terminals were not altered by cocaine exposure. These data suggest that baclofen-mediated suppression of terminal DA release is due to GABAB activation on DA terminals to reduce the probability of DA release. This effect does not readily desensitize, and persists regardless of chronic cocaine treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberley A Pitman
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Vander Weele CM, Porter-Stransky KA, Mabrouk OS, Lovic V, Singer BF, Kennedy RT, Aragona BJ. Rapid dopamine transmission within the nucleus accumbens: dramatic difference between morphine and oxycodone delivery. Eur J Neurosci 2014; 40:3041-3054. [PMID: 25208732 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.12709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
While most drugs of abuse increase dopamine neurotransmission, rapid neurochemical measurements show that different drugs evoke distinct dopamine release patterns within the nucleus accumbens. Rapid changes in dopamine concentration following psychostimulant administration have been well studied; however, such changes have never been examined following opioid delivery. Here, we provide novel measures of rapid dopamine release following intravenous infusion of two opioids, morphine and oxycodone, in drug-naïve rats using fast-scan cyclic voltammetry and rapid (1 min) microdialysis coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). In addition to measuring rapid dopamine transmission, microdialysis HPLC-MS measures changes in GABA, glutamate, monoamines, monoamine metabolites and several other neurotransmitters. Although both opioids increased dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens, their patterns of drug-evoked dopamine transmission differed dramatically. Oxycodone evoked a robust and stable increase in dopamine concentration and a robust increase in the frequency and amplitude of phasic dopamine release events. Conversely, morphine evoked a brief (~ 1 min) increase in dopamine that was coincident with a surge in GABA concentration and then both transmitters returned to baseline levels. Thus, by providing rapid measures of neurotransmission, this study reveals previously unknown differences in opioid-induced neurotransmitter signaling. Investigating these differences may be essential for understanding how these two drugs of abuse could differentially usurp motivational circuitry and powerfully influence behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Omar S Mabrouk
- Departments of Chemistry and Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Vedran Lovic
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Bryan F Singer
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Robert T Kennedy
- Departments of Chemistry and Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Brandon J Aragona
- Program in Neuroscience, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109.,Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
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55
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O'Neill CE, Hobson BD, Levis SC, Bachtell RK. Persistent reduction of cocaine seeking by pharmacological manipulation of adenosine A1 and A 2A receptors during extinction training in rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2014; 231:3179-88. [PMID: 24562064 PMCID: PMC4111968 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-014-3489-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Adenosine receptor stimulation and blockade have been shown to modulate a variety of cocaine-related behaviors. OBJECTIVES These studies identify the direct effects of adenosine receptor stimulation on cocaine seeking during extinction training and the persistent effects on subsequent reinstatement to cocaine seeking. METHODS Rats self-administered cocaine on a fixed ratio one schedule in daily sessions over 3 weeks. Following a 1-week withdrawal, the direct effects of adenosine receptor modulation were tested by administering the adenosine A1 receptor agonist, N(6)-cyclopentyladenosine (CPA, 0.03 and 0.1 mg/kg), the adenosine A2A agonist, CGS 21680 (0.03 and 0.1 mg/kg), the presynaptic adenosine A2A receptor antagonist, SCH 442416 (0.3, 1, and 3 mg/kg), or vehicle prior to each of six daily extinction sessions. The persistent effects of adenosine receptor modulation during extinction training were subsequently tested on reinstatement to cocaine seeking induced by cues, cocaine, and the dopamine D2 receptor agonist, quinpirole. RESULTS All doses of CPA and CGS 21680 impaired initial extinction responding; however, only CPA treatment during extinction produced persistent impairment in subsequent cocaine- and quinpirole-induced seeking. Dissociating CPA treatment from extinction did not alter extinction responding or subsequent reinstatement. Administration of SCH 442416 had no direct effects on extinction responding but produced dose-dependent persistent impairment of cocaine- and quinpirole-induced seeking. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate that adenosine A1 or A2A receptor stimulation directly impair extinction responding. Interestingly, adenosine A1 receptor stimulation or presynaptic adenosine A2A receptor blockade during extinction produces lasting changes in relapse susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey E O'Neill
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado, UCB 345, Boulder, CO, 80309-0345, USA
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56
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Pomierny-Chamioło L, Rup K, Pomierny B, Niedzielska E, Kalivas PW, Filip M. Metabotropic glutamatergic receptors and their ligands in drug addiction. Pharmacol Ther 2014; 142:281-305. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2013.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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57
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The effects of N-acetylcysteine on cocaine reward and seeking behaviors in a rat model of depression. Behav Brain Res 2014; 266:108-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.02.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Revised: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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58
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Jastrzębska J, Nowak E, Smaga I, Bystrowska B, Frankowska M, Bader M, Filip M, Fuxe K. Adenosine (A)2A receptor modulation of nicotine-induced locomotor sensitization. A pharmacological and transgenic approach. Neuropharmacology 2014; 81:318-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2014.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Revised: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Kupchik YM, Scofield MD, Rice KC, Cheng K, Roques BP, Kalivas PW. Cocaine dysregulates opioid gating of GABA neurotransmission in the ventral pallidum. J Neurosci 2014; 34:1057-66. [PMID: 24431463 PMCID: PMC3891949 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.4336-13.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Revised: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The ventral pallidum (VP) is a target of dense nucleus accumbens projections. Many of these projections coexpress GABA and the neuropeptide enkephalin, a δ and μ opioid receptor (MOR) ligand. Of these two, the MOR in the VP is known to be involved in reward-related behaviors, such as hedonic responses to palatable food, alcohol intake, and reinstatement of cocaine seeking. Stimulating MORs in the VP decreases extracellular GABA, indicating that the effects of MORs in the VP on cocaine seeking are via modulating GABA neurotransmission. Here, we use whole-cell patch-clamp on a rat model of withdrawal from cocaine self-administration to test the hypothesis that MORs presynaptically regulate GABA transmission in the VP and that cocaine withdrawal changes the interaction between MORs and GABA. We found that in cocaine-extinguished rats pharmacological activation of MORs no longer presynaptically inhibited GABA release, whereas blocking the MORs disinhibited GABA release. Moreover, MOR-dependent long-term depression of GABA neurotransmission in the VP was lost in cocaine-extinguished rats. Last, GABA neurotransmission was found to be tonically suppressed in cocaine-extinguished rats. These substantial synaptic changes indicated that cocaine was increasing tone on MOR receptors. Accordingly, increasing endogenous tone by blocking the enzymatic degradation of enkephalin inhibited GABA neurotransmission in yoked saline rats but not in cocaine-extinguished rats. In conclusion, our results indicate that following withdrawal from cocaine self-administration enkephalin levels in the VP are elevated and the opioid modulation of GABA neurotransmission is impaired. This may contribute to the difficulties withdrawn addicts experience when trying to resist relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonatan M Kupchik
- Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425, Chemical Biology Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse and National Institute on Alcohol and Alcoholism, Rockville, Maryland 20892, Pharmaleads SAS, 75013 Paris, France, and Université Paris-Descartes, 75006 Paris, France
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60
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Gipson CD, Kupchik YM, Kalivas PW. Rapid, transient synaptic plasticity in addiction. Neuropharmacology 2014; 76 Pt B:276-86. [PMID: 23639436 PMCID: PMC3762905 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2013.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Revised: 04/10/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Chronic use of addictive drugs produces enduring neuroadaptations in the corticostriatal glutamatergic brain circuitry. The nucleus accumbens (NAc), which integrates cortical information and regulates goal-directed behavior, undergoes long-term morphological and electrophysiological changes that may underlie the increased susceptibility for relapse in drug-experienced individuals even after long periods of withdrawal. Additionally, it has recently been shown that exposure to cues associated with drug use elicits rapid and transient morphological and electrophysiological changes in glutamatergic synapses in the NAc. This review highlights these dynamic drug-induced changes in this pathway that are specific to a drug seeking neuropathology, as well as how these changes impair normal information processing and thereby contribute to the uncontrollable motivation to relapse. Future directions for relapse prevention and pharmacotherapeutic targeting of the rapid, transient synaptic plasticity in relapse are discussed. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled 'NIDA 40th Anniversary Issue'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra D Gipson
- Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Ave., BSB 403, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
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61
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Yan N, Chen N, Zhu H, Zhang J, Sim M, Ma Y, Wang W. High-frequency stimulation of nucleus accumbens changes in dopaminergic reward circuit. PLoS One 2013; 8:e79318. [PMID: 24244479 PMCID: PMC3828386 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0079318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the nucleus accumbens (NAc) is a potential remedial therapy for drug craving and relapse, but the mechanism is poorly understood. We investigated changes in neurotransmitter levels during high frequency stimulation (HFS) of the unilateral NAc on morphine-induced rats. Sixty adult Wistar rats were randomized into five groups: the control group (administration of saline), the morphine-only group (systematic administration of morphine without electrode implantation), the morphine-sham-stimulation group (systematic administration of morphine with electrode implantation but not given stimulation), the morphine-stimulation group (systematic administration of morphine with electrode implantation and stimulation) and the saline-stimulation group (administration of saline with electrode implantation and stimulation). The stimulation electrode was stereotaxically implanted into the core of unilateral NAc and microdialysis probes were unilaterally lowered into the ipsilateral ventral tegmental area (VTA), NAc, and ventral pallidum (VP). Samples from microdialysis probes in the ipsilateral VTA, NAc, and VP were analyzed for glutamate (Glu) and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The levels of Glu were increased in the ipsilateral NAc and VP of morphine-only group versus control group, whereas Glu levels were not significantly changed in the ipsilateral VTA. Furthermore, the levels of GABA decreased significantly in the ipsilateral NAc, VP, and VTA of morphine-only group when compared with control group. The profiles of increased Glu and reduced GABA in morphine-induced rats suggest that the presence of increased excitatory neurotransmission in these brain regions. The concentrations of the Glu significantly decreased while the levels of GABA increased in ipsilateral VTA, NAc, and VP in the morphine-stimulation group compared with the morphine-only group. No significant changes were seen in the morphine-sham stimulation group compared with the morphine-only group. These findings indicated that unilateral NAc stimulation inhibits the morphine-induced rats associated hyperactivation of excitatory neurotransmission in the mesocorticolimbic reward circuit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Yan
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Honghua Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Sixth People Hospital of Jinan, Jinan, China
| | - Jianguo Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Moira Sim
- Systems and Intervention Research Centre for Health, School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Yu Ma
- Yuquan Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Systems and Intervention Research Centre for Health, School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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Yoon SS, Seo JW, Ann SH, Kim HY, Kim HS, Cho HY, Yun J, Chung EY, Koo JS, Yang CH. Effects of saikosaponin A on cocaine self-administration in rats. Neurosci Lett 2013; 555:198-202. [PMID: 24076136 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2013.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Revised: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated that saikosaponin A (SSA) attenuated morphine self-administration behavior. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of SSA on cocaine-maintained responding using self-administration procedure. Rats self-administered cocaine (0.25mg/kg per infusion) under a fixed ratio 1 schedule of reinforcement during daily 3-h session. Once stable basal responses were obtained, rats were pretreated with each doses of SSA (1.0, 2.5, 5.0mg/kg) or its vehicle (5% Tween-80) by an intraperitoneal injection 30min before the start of self-administration testing. Additionally, different groups of rats received either the selective GABAB antagonist SCH 50911 or the GABAA antagonist bicuculline before systemic administration of SSA at dose of 2.5mg/kg. Results showed that SSA significantly reduced cocaine self-administration without affecting food consumption. SSA inhibition of cocaine reinforced-responding was blocked by SCH 50911, but not bicuculline. Results suggest that SSA may attenuate cocaine-reinforced behavior through activation of GABAB receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Shoon Yoon
- Center for Safety Pharmacology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 305-343, Republic of Korea
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