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Marleau I, Vona M, Gagner C, Luu TM, Beauchamp MH. [Formula: see text] Social cognition, adaptive functioning, and behavior problems in preschoolers born extremely preterm. Child Neuropsychol 2020; 27:96-108. [PMID: 32716689 DOI: 10.1080/09297049.2020.1797656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Despite medical advances, prematurity is associated with a higher risk of neurodevelopmental problems. Although social impairments are commonly reported in preterm children, their origins are not clearly determined though they may be associated with the integrity of social cognitive skills, such as theory of mind. This study aimed to assess social cognitive, social adaptive, and social behavior functioning in children born extremely prematurely. Thirty children born between 22 and 28 weeks of gestation and 30 children born at term completed measures of social cognition (theory of mind, affect recognition) between 4:6, 5:11 years of age (mean = 5.29, standard deviation = 0.28 years). Parents completed questionnaires measuring their child's adaptive social functioning and social behavior. Analyses of covariance controlling for cognitive, attentional, executive, sociodemographic, and perinatal characteristics were performed. Children born between 22 and 28 weeks displayed poorer theory of mind (p < 0.01) and affect recognition (p < 0.01) than term controls, and their parents reported lower adaptive social functioning (p < 0.01) and prosocial behavior (p = 0.04). Social cognitive, adaptive, and behavior functioning appear to be affected by extreme preterm birth. These findings may explain the social challenges experienced by extremely preterm children and provide potential loci for targeted interventions to optimize social functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Marleau
- Department of Psychology, University of Sherbrooke , Sherbrooke, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, Ste-Justine University Hospital , Montreal, Canada
| | - Mélissa Vona
- Department of Psychology, University of Montreal , Montreal, Canada
| | - Charlotte Gagner
- Department of Psychology, University of Montreal , Montreal, Canada
| | - Thuy Mai Luu
- Department of Pediatrics, Ste-Justine University Hospital , Montreal, Canada.,Research Center, Sainte-Justine Hospital , Montreal, Canada
| | - Miriam H Beauchamp
- Department of Psychology, University of Montreal , Montreal, Canada.,Research Center, Sainte-Justine Hospital , Montreal, Canada
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52
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Nassar R, Kaczkurkin AN, Xia CH, Sotiras A, Pehlivanova M, Moore TM, Garcia de La Garza A, Roalf DR, Rosen AFG, Lorch SA, Ruparel K, Shinohara RT, Davatzikos C, Gur RC, Gur RE, Satterthwaite TD. Gestational Age is Dimensionally Associated with Structural Brain Network Abnormalities Across Development. Cereb Cortex 2020; 29:2102-2114. [PMID: 29688290 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhy091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Prematurity is associated with diverse developmental abnormalities, yet few studies relate cognitive and neurostructural deficits to a dimensional measure of prematurity. Leveraging a large sample of children, adolescents, and young adults (age 8-22 years) studied as part of the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort, we examined how variation in gestational age impacted cognition and brain structure later in development. Participants included 72 preterm youth born before 37 weeks' gestation and 206 youth who were born at term (37 weeks or later). Using a previously-validated factor analysis, cognitive performance was assessed in three domains: (1) executive function and complex reasoning, (2) social cognition, and (3) episodic memory. All participants completed T1-weighted neuroimaging at 3 T to measure brain volume. Structural covariance networks were delineated using non-negative matrix factorization, an advanced multivariate analysis technique. Lower gestational age was associated with both deficits in executive function and reduced volume within 11 of 26 structural covariance networks, which included orbitofrontal, temporal, and parietal cortices as well as subcortical regions including the hippocampus. Notably, the relationship between lower gestational age and executive dysfunction was accounted for in part by structural network deficits. Together, these findings emphasize the durable impact of prematurity on cognition and brain structure, which persists across development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rula Nassar
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Antonia N Kaczkurkin
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Cedric Huchuan Xia
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Aristeidis Sotiras
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Tyler M Moore
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Angel Garcia de La Garza
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David R Roalf
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Adon F G Rosen
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Scott A Lorch
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kosha Ruparel
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Russell T Shinohara
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Christos Davatzikos
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ruben C Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Raquel E Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Theodore D Satterthwaite
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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53
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Bustamante Loyola J, Perez Retamal M, Morgues Nudman MI, Maturana A, Salinas Gonzalez R, Cox H, González Mas JM, Muñoz L, Lopez L, Mendiburo-Seguel A, Simó S, Palau Subiela P, Guedeney A. Interactive Guidance Intervention to Address Sustained Social Withdrawal in Preterm Infants in Chile: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Res Protoc 2020; 9:e17943. [PMID: 32589156 PMCID: PMC7394375 DOI: 10.2196/17943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Preterm newborns can be exposed early to significant perinatal stress, and this stress can increase the risk of altered socioemotional development. Sustained social withdrawal in infants is an early indicator of emotional distress which is expressed by low reactivity to the environment, and if persistent, is frequently associated with altered psychological development. Infants born prematurely have a higher probability of developing sustained social withdrawal (adjusted odds ratio 1.84, 95% CI 1.04-3.26) than infants born full term, and there is a correlation between weight at birth and sustained social withdrawal at 12 months of age. Objective The aims of this study are to compare the effect of the interactive guidance intervention to that of routine pediatric care on sustained social withdrawal in infants born moderately or late preterm and to explore the relationship between sustained social withdrawal in these infants and factors such as neonatal intensive care unit hospitalization variables, parental depression, and posttraumatic stress symptoms. Methods This study is designed as a multicenter randomized controlled trial. Moderate and late preterm newborns and their parents were recruited and randomized (1:1 allocation ratio) to control and experimental groups. During neonatal intensive care unit hospitalization, daily duration of skin-to-skin contact, breastfeeding, and parental visits were recorded. Also, a daily score for neonatal pain and painful invasive procedures were recorded. After discharge from neonatal intensive care, for the duration of the study, both groups will attend follow-up consultations with neonatologists at 2, 6, and 12 months of age (corrected for gestational age) and will receive routine pediatric care. Every consultation will be recorded and assessed with the Alarm Distress Baby Scale to detect sustained social withdrawal (indicated by a score of 5 or higher). The neonatologists will perform an interactive guidance intervention if an infant in the intervention group exhibits sustained social withdrawal. In each follow-up consultation, parents will fill out the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, the modified Perinatal Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Questionnaire, and the Impact of Event Scale–revised. Results Recruitment for this trial started in September 2017. As of May 2020, we have completed enrollment (N=110 infants born moderately or late preterm). We aim to publish the results by mid-2021. Conclusions This is the first randomized controlled trial with a sample of infants born moderately or late preterm infants who will attend pediatric follow-up consultations during their first year (corrected for gestational age at birth) with neonatologists trained in the Alarm Distress Baby Scale and who will receive this interactive guidance intervention. If successful, this early intervention will show significant potential to be implemented in both public and private health care, given its low cost of training staff and that the intervention takes place during routine pediatric follow-up. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03212547; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03212547. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/17943
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Bustamante Loyola
- Neonatology Unit, Clinica Alemana de Santiago, Santiago, Chile.,Doctoral Programme in Clinical and Health Psychology, Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,Spain Association for Infant Mental Health Since Gestation, Valencia, Spain.,Neonatology Unit, Hospital San Jose, Santiago, Chile
| | | | | | - Andres Maturana
- Neonatology Unit, Clinica Alemana de Santiago, Santiago, Chile.,Faculty Development Office, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Horacio Cox
- Neonatology Unit, Clinica Alemana de Santiago, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Lucia Muñoz
- Neonatology Unit, Hospital San Jose, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lilian Lopez
- Neonatology Unit, Hospital San Jose, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Sandra Simó
- Faculty of Psychology, Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Antoine Guedeney
- Hospital Bichat Claude Bernard, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Paris 7, Paris, France
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54
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Lind A, Salomäki S, Parkkola R, Haataja L, Rautava P, Junttila N, Koikkalainen J, Lötjönen J, Saunavaara V, Korja R. Brain volumes in relation to loneliness and social competence in preadolescents born very preterm. Brain Behav 2020; 10:e01640. [PMID: 32333525 PMCID: PMC7303371 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of the present study was to assess how regional brain volumes associate with self-experienced social and emotional loneliness and social competence in very preterm and term-born preadolescents. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-four very preterm subjects (birthweight ≤1,500 g and/or gestational age <32 weeks) without neurodevelopmental impairments and/or major brain pathologies and 31 term-born subjects underwent magnetic resonance imaging at 12 years of age. Regional brain volumes were measured using an automated image quantification tool. At 11 years of age, social and emotional loneliness were assessed with the Peer Network and Dyadic Loneliness Scale-self-report questionnaire and cooperating skills, empathy, impulsivity, and disruptiveness with the Multisource Assessment of Children's Social Competence Scale-self-report questionnaire. RESULTS In the very preterm group, a number of significant associations were found between smaller regional brain volumes and self-experienced emotional loneliness, more impulsivity and more disruptiveness. In the control group, brain volumes and loneliness were not associated, and brain volumes and social competence were associated with a lesser degree than in the very preterm group. CONCLUSION Experiences of emotional loneliness and poorer social competence appear to be more related to brain volumes in very preterm preadolescents than in those born full-term. It also appears that in very preterm preadolescents, emotional loneliness may be more reflected in brain development than social loneliness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Lind
- Department of Psychology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Turku Institute for Advanced Studies (TIAS), University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Riitta Parkkola
- Department of Radiology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Leena Haataja
- Children's Hospital and Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Päivi Rautava
- Public Health, University of Turku and Clinical Research Centre of Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Niina Junttila
- Department of Teacher Education, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Finnish National Agency for Education, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | - Virva Saunavaara
- Division of Medical Imaging, Department of Medical Physics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Turku PET Center, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Riikka Korja
- Department of Psychology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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55
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Abstract
Social problems are an important feature of the preterm behavioral phenotype but are diverse and multidimensional. A model of social competence comprised of the three interrelated components of social cognition, social interaction, and social adjustment is useful in conceptualizing these problems. Weaknesses in social cognition in very preterm (VPT) children, although rarely studied, are found on tasks involving interpretation of social cues. Difficulties in social interaction in VPT infants and young children are documented by structured observations of their interactions with adults. Problems in social adjustment are endorsed on parent and teacher ratings of VPT infants and youth and on self-reports of VPT adults. These multiple deficits likely stem from early disruptions in neural development, are related to other consequences of preterm birth, and subject to postnatal environment influences. Further research is needed to more fully account for the effects of VPT birth on the development of social competence.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Gerry Taylor
- Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital and The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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56
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Sezer Efe Y, Erdem E, Güneş T. The Effect of Daily Exercise Program on Bone Mineral Density and Cortisol Level in Preterm Infants with Very Low Birth Weight: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Pediatr Nurs 2020; 51:e6-e12. [PMID: 31285069 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2019.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This randomized controlled double-blinded experimental study was carried out to determine the effects of the daily exercise program on bone mineral density and cortisol level in preterm infants with VLBW matched for birth weight, gestation week, and gender. DESIGN AND METHODS The study was carried out with preterm infants (n = 24) hospitalized in the NICU of a tertiary hospital. Ethical committee approval, institutional permission, parental written consent were obtained. A daily exercise program was implemented in preterm infants in the exercise group for 30 days, once a day, and continuing for 7-10 min. Before and after the study the following were evaluated in preterm infants in the exercise and control group: anthropometric measurements, tibia speed of sound (SOS) for bone mineral density, serum cortisol levels. RESULTS Serum cortisol levels (p = 0.05) were decreased, bone SOS values in the exercise group were increased (p = 0.009), after the study. The difference between pre-, post-study bone SOS and serum cortisol values of infants in the exercise group were high (p > 0.05). Percentage increases in anthropometric values in the exercise group were higher than the control group after the study (for all; p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The daily exercise program has positive effect on bone SOS and serum cortisol values in preterm infants. Neonatal nurses can implement the daily exercise program in clinical practice. Trial registration numberClinicaltrials.govNCT03773679.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yağmur Sezer Efe
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - Emine Erdem
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - Tamer Güneş
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.
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57
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Fitzallen GC, Taylor HG, Bora S. What Do We Know About the Preterm Behavioral Phenotype? A Narrative Review. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:154. [PMID: 32269532 PMCID: PMC7109291 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Preterm birth is associated with a significantly increased risk for childhood and adolescent psychopathology relative to full-term birth, with an inverse relationship between gestational age at birth and later risk for psychopathology. The manifestation of symptomatology and comorbidity profiles of emotional and behavioral adjustment problems in this high-risk group have been shown to be distinct from the broader pediatric population. Acknowledging these differences, a preterm behavioral phenotype has been proposed and increasingly recognized, highlighting the unique, frequent co-occurrence of symptomatology associated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorder, and anxiety disorders. The current state-of-the-art review provides a comprehensive characterization of this phenotype to date and further highlights key knowledge gaps primarily regarding the evolution of symptoms, co-occurrence of disorders and/or symptomatology within the phenotype, and associations of the phenotype with chronological age and degree of prematurity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace C Fitzallen
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Mothers, Babies and Women's Health Program, Mater Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - H Gerry Taylor
- Biobehavioral Health Centre, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, and Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Samudragupta Bora
- Mothers, Babies and Women's Health Program, Mater Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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58
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Abstract
Around 15 million children are born preterm (<37 weeks of gestation) every year. Of these, 15% or 2.25 million are born very preterm (VP; <32 weeks of gestation). Here, the developmental outcomes of VP babies in diverse domains from motor, cognitive, and social function to mental health and well-being throughout childhood and adolescence are reviewed. Their life course adaptation in terms of romantic relationships, employment, and quality of life into adulthood is also considered. Some adverse effects reduce as individuals age, and others remain remarkably stable from childhood into adulthood. We argue that to advance understanding of developmental mechanisms and direct resources for intervention more effectively, social factors need to be assessed more comprehensively, and genetically sensitive designs should be considered with neuroimaging integrated to test alternative developmental models. As current evidence is based almost exclusively on studies from high-income countries, research from low- and middle-income countries is urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dieter Wolke
- Department of Psychology, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom;,
- Mental Health and Wellbeing, Division of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Samantha Johnson
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Marina Mendonça
- Department of Psychology, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom;,
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Felipin LCS, Oliveira RRD, Merino MDFGL, Rodrigues BC, Higarashi IH. Associated factors for acute kidney injury in preterm infants. Rev Bras Enferm 2019; 72:118-124. [DOI: 10.1590/0034-7167-2018-0231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the prevalence and factors associated with acute kidney injury in preterm newborns. Method: a cross-sectional study based on records data of preterm newborns hospitalized in two neonatal units in northwest Paraná State in 2015. For data analysis, the logistic regression model was used by the stepwise forward method and Fisher’s Exact Test. Results: 132 preterm newborns, with a prevalence of 7.5% of acute kidney injury, were hospitalized. Majority of males, extremely preterm and very low birth weight. Associated factors were the use of non-nephrotoxic antibiotics and the presence of mechanical pulmonary ventilation, increasing the chance of developing acute kidney damage by 2.98 and 1.33/day, respectively. Hospitalization days constituted a protection factor. Conclusion: this study was able to identify the prevalence, and outline the variables associated with acute kidney injury in preterm newborns in a particular care situation.
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60
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A Comparison of the effects of preterm birth and institutional deprivation on child temperament. Dev Psychopathol 2019; 32:1524-1533. [PMID: 31711549 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579419001457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Both preterm birth and early institutional deprivation are associated with neurodevelopmental impairment-with both shared and distinctive features. To explore shared underlying mechanisms, this study directly compared the effects of these putative risk factors on temperament profiles in six-year-olds: Children born very preterm (<32 weeks gestation) or at very low birthweight (<1500 g) from the Bavarian Longitudinal Study (n = 299); and children who experienced >6 months of deprivation in Romanian institutions from the English and Romanian Adoptees Study (n = 101). The former were compared with 311 healthy term born controls and the latter with 52 nondeprived adoptees. At 6 years, temperament was assessed via parent reports across 5 dimensions: effortful control, activity, shyness, emotionality, and sociability. Very preterm/very low birthweight and postinstitutionalized children showed similarly aberrant profiles in terms of lower effortful control, preterm = -0.50, 95% CI [-0.67, -0.33]; postinstitutionalized = -0.48, 95% CI [-0.82, -0.14], compared with their respective controls. Additionally, postinstitutionalized children showed higher activity, whereas very preterm/very low birthweight children showed lower shyness. Preterm birth and early institutionalization are similarly associated with poorer effortful control, which might contribute to long-term vulnerability. More research is needed to examine temperamental processes as common mediators of negative long-term outcomes following early adversity.
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61
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Reyes LM, Jaekel J, Heuser KM, Wolke D. Developmental cascades of social inhibition and friendships in preterm and full‐term children. INFANT AND CHILD DEVELOPMENT 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/icd.2165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucia M. Reyes
- Department of Child & Family StudiesUniversity of Tennessee Knoxville Knoxville Tennessee
| | - Julia Jaekel
- Department of Child & Family StudiesUniversity of Tennessee Knoxville Knoxville Tennessee
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of Warwick Coventry UK
| | | | - Dieter Wolke
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of Warwick Coventry UK
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62
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Twilhaar ES, de Kieviet JF, Bergwerff CE, Finken MJJ, van Elburg RM, Oosterlaan J. Social Adjustment in Adolescents Born Very Preterm: Evidence for a Cognitive Basis of Social Problems. J Pediatr 2019; 213:66-73.e1. [PMID: 31402139 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2019.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To increase the understanding of social adjustment and autism spectrum disorder symptoms in adolescents born very preterm by studying the role of emotion recognition and cognitive control processes in the relation between very preterm birth and social adjustment. STUDY DESIGN A Dutch cohort of 61 very preterm and 61 full-term adolescents aged 13 years participated. Social adjustment was rated by parents, teachers, and adolescents and autism spectrum disorder symptoms by parents. Emotion recognition was assessed with a computerized task including pictures of child faces expressing anger, fear, sadness, and happiness with varying intensity. Cognitive control was assessed using a visuospatial span, antisaccade, and sustained attention to response task. Performance measures derived from these tasks served as indicators of a latent cognitive control construct, which was tested using confirmatory factor analysis. Mediation analyses were conducted with emotion recognition and cognitive control as mediators of the relation between very preterm birth and social problems. RESULTS Very preterm adolescents showed more parent- and teacher-rated social problems and increased autism spectrum disorder symptomatology than controls. No difference in self-reported social problems was observed. Moreover, very preterm adolescents showed deficits in emotion recognition and cognitive control compared with full-term adolescents. The relation between very preterm birth and parent-rated social problems was significantly mediated by cognitive control but not by emotion recognition. Very preterm birth was associated with a 0.67-SD increase in parent-rated social problems through its negative effect on cognitive control. CONCLUSIONS The present findings provide strong evidence for a central role of impaired cognitive control in the social problems of adolescents born very preterm.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Sabrina Twilhaar
- Clinical Neuropsychology Section, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Jorrit F de Kieviet
- Clinical Neuropsychology Section, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Catharina E Bergwerff
- Education and Child Studies, Clinical Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Martijn J J Finken
- Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Pediatrics, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ruurd M van Elburg
- Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Pediatrics, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Danone Nutricia Research, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jaap Oosterlaan
- Clinical Neuropsychology Section, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Pediatrics, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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63
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van Houdt CA, Aarnoudse-Moens CSH, van Wassenaer-Leemhuis AG, Laarman ARC, Koopman-Esseboom C, van Kaam AH, Oosterlaan J. Effects of Executive Function Training on Attentional, Behavioral and Emotional Functioning and Self-Perceived Competence in Very Preterm Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Front Psychol 2019; 10:2100. [PMID: 31572276 PMCID: PMC6753219 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Very preterm children have poorer attentional, behavioral and emotional functioning than term-born children. Problems on these domains have been linked to poorer executive function (EF). This study examined effects of a game-formatted, comprehensive EF training on attentional, behavioral and emotional functioning and self-perceived competence in very preterm children. STUDY DESIGN Eighty-five children participated in a multi-center, double-blind, placebo and waitlist-controlled randomized trial. Children were recruited from neonatal follow-up units of two academic medical centers in The Netherlands. Eligible for inclusion were 8-12 year old children born very preterm (<30 weeks of gestation) and/or with extremely low birthweight (<1000 g) with parent reported attention problems. Children were randomly assigned to one of three treatment arms: EF training, placebo training or waitlist. The EF and placebo training involved a 6 weeks, 25 (30-45 min) sessions training program. Attentional functioning (Attention Network Test), behavioral and emotional functioning (parent and teacher Strengths and Difficulties questionnaire) and self-perceived competence (Self-Perception Profile for Children) were assessed at baseline, at the end of the training program and 5 months after the training was finished. Data analyses involved linear mixed model analyses. RESULTS Children in the EF training arm significantly improved on all training tasks over the course of the EF training program. Despite these improvements on the EF training tasks, there were no significant differences over time on any of the outcome measures between the three treatment arms, indicating that this computerized EF training program had no beneficial effects. CONCLUSION Although there were significant improvements in the EF training tasks, there was no generalization of these improvements to any of the outcome measures. Thus, our findings do not support the use of computerized EF training programs. Future research should investigate effectivity of more ecologically valid, real-world like EF training programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolien A. van Houdt
- Department of Neonatology, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Emma Neuroscience Group, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Cornelieke S. H. Aarnoudse-Moens
- Department of Neonatology, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Emma Neuroscience Group, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Section of Clinical Neuropsychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Psychosocial Department, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - A. R. Céleste Laarman
- Department of Neonatology, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Anton H. van Kaam
- Department of Neonatology, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Neonatology, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jaap Oosterlaan
- Section of Clinical Neuropsychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, Emma Neuroscience Group, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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64
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Nyman A, Korhonen T, Lehtonen L, Haataja L, Aho K, Ahtola A, Ekblad M, Ekblad S, Ekholm E, Hagelstam C, Huhtala M, Juntunen M, Kero P, Koivisto M, Korja R, Korpela S, Lahti K, Lapinleimu H, Lehtonen T, Leppänen M, Lind A, Manninen H, Matomäki J, Maunu J, Munck P, Määttänen L, Niemi P, Palo P, Parkkola R, Rautava L, Rautava P, Saarinen K, Salomäki S, Saunavaara V, Setänen S, Sillanpää M, Stolt S, Tuomikoski‐Koiranen P, Tuovinen T, Väliaho A, Ylijoki M. School performance is age appropriate with support services in very preterm children at 11 years of age. Acta Paediatr 2019; 108:1669-1676. [PMID: 30788870 PMCID: PMC6766940 DOI: 10.1111/apa.14763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Aim This Finnish regional birth‐cohort study compared the school performance of very preterm and full‐term children when they reached 11 years of age. Methods Teachers rated the educational abilities of 123 preterm children and 133 full‐term controls at the age of 11 years as well as the support services they received. The children were all born in the Turku University Hospital between 2001 and 2005. In the preterm group, neurosensory impairments were confirmed at two years of corrected age, and full‐scale intelligence quotient (IQ) was assessed at 11 years of age using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale, Fourth Edition. Results Educational abilities, including academic skills and classroom functioning, did not differ between the two groups after excluding the children with a full‐scale IQ < 70. However, 40% of the preterm group and 26% of the controls had received at least one support service (p <0.02). The 13 preterm children with a full‐scale IQ <70 and the 10 with neurosensory impairment received more support services. Boys in both groups displayed more classroom‐functioning problems than girls. Conclusion A full‐scale IQ ≥ 70 and age‐appropriate educational abilities do not exclude a significant need for support services in very preterm children at the age of 11 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Nyman
- Department of Psychology University of Turku Turku Finland
- Department of Pediatrics University of Turku Turku University Hospital Turku Finland
| | - Tapio Korhonen
- Department of Psychology University of Turku Turku Finland
| | - Liisa Lehtonen
- Department of Pediatrics University of Turku Turku University Hospital Turku Finland
| | - Leena Haataja
- Pediatric Research Center Children's Hospital University of Helsinki Helsinki University Hospital Helsinki Finland
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65
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Marotta A, Rea M, Ferri R, Casagrande M. Investigating socio-emotional cognition in late preterm children: A case-control study. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/17405629.2019.1637339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Marotta
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Mind, Brain, and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Monica Rea
- Dipartimento di Psicologia Dinamica e Clinica, “Sapienza” Università di Roma, Roma, Italy
| | - Rosa Ferri
- Dipartimento di Psicologia Dinamica e Clinica, “Sapienza” Università di Roma, Roma, Italy
| | - Maria Casagrande
- Dipartimento di Psicologia Dinamica e Clinica, “Sapienza” Università di Roma, Roma, Italy
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66
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M Reyes L, Jaekel J, Wolke D. Effects of Gestational Age and Early Parenting on Children's Social Inhibition at 6 Years. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 6:E81. [PMID: 31261690 PMCID: PMC6678926 DOI: 10.3390/children6070081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Preterm birth (<37 weeks' gestation) has been associated with problems in social functioning. Whether social inhibition is specifically related to preterm birth and whether early parenting may protect against social inhibition difficulties is unknown. To explore effects of gestational age and early parent-infant relationships on social inhibition, 1314 children born at 26-41 weeks gestational age were studied as part of the prospective Bavarian Longitudinal Study. Early parent-infant relationship quality was assessed postnatally with the parent-infant relationship index. Social inhibition was assessed at age 6 years using an experimental procedure, in which nonverbal and verbal responses were coded into social inhibition categories (disinhibited, normally responsive, inhibited). Multinomial logistic regressions indicated that children with lower gestational age showed more socially disinhibited (nonverbal: OR = 1.27 [95% CI = 1.17-1.40], verbal: OR = 1.23 [95% CI 1.13-1.35]) and inhibited (nonverbal: OR = 1.21 [95% CI = 1.11-1.32], verbal: OR = 1.11 [95% CI = 1.01-1.21]) responses. Good early parent-infant relationships were associated with less verbal disinhibition (OR = 0.70 [95% CI = 0.52-0.93]). Findings suggest that children with lower gestational age are at greater risk to be both socially inhibited and disinhibited. Early parenting affected risk of abnormal social responses. Supporting early parent-infant relationships may reduce preterm children's risk for social difficulties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia M Reyes
- Department of Child and Family Studies, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Julia Jaekel
- Department of Child and Family Studies, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Warwick, Coventry CV47AL, UK
| | - Dieter Wolke
- Department of Psychology, University of Warwick, Coventry CV47AL, UK.
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67
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Montirosso R, Piazza C, Giusti L, Provenzi L, Ferrari PF, Reni G, Borgatti R. Exploring the EEG mu rhythm associated with observation and execution of a goal-directed action in 14-month-old preterm infants. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8975. [PMID: 31222153 PMCID: PMC6586615 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45495-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Electroencephalographic mu rhythm desynchronization is thought to reflect Mirror Neuron System (MNS) activity and represents an important neural correlate of the coupling between action execution and perception. It is still unclear if the MNS in human ontogeny is already available at the beginning of postnatal life and how early experience impacts its development. Premature birth provides a "natural condition" for investigating the effects of early, atypical extra-uterine experience on MNS. The main aim of the present study was to investigate whether the MNS activity is associated with prematurity. We compared the mu rhythm activity in preterm (PT) and full-term (FT) 14-month old infants during an action observation/execution (AO/AE) task. Mu rhythm desynchronization was computed over frontal, central, parietal and occipital regions. Both groups showed mu rhythm suppression in all the scalp regions during action execution. Different desynchronization patterns emerged during action observation. Specifically, FT infants showed mu suppression in the right frontal, bilateral parietal and occipital regions; whereas PT infants exhibited mu suppression only in the right parietal region. Overall, these preliminary findings indicate that an atypical extra uterine experience might have an impact on the MNS activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Montirosso
- Scientific Institute, IRCCS "E. Medea", 0-3 Center for the at-Risk Infant, Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy.
| | - Caterina Piazza
- Scientific Institute, IRCCS "E. Medea", Bioengineering Laboratory, Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Giusti
- Scientific Institute, IRCCS "E. Medea", 0-3 Center for the at-Risk Infant, Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy
| | - Livio Provenzi
- Scientific Institute, IRCCS "E. Medea", 0-3 Center for the at-Risk Infant, Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy
| | - Pier Francesco Ferrari
- CNRS/Université Claude Bernard, Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, Lyon, France
| | - Gianluigi Reni
- Scientific Institute, IRCCS "E. Medea", Bioengineering Laboratory, Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy
| | - Renato Borgatti
- Scientific Institute, IRCCS "E. Medea", Neuropsychiatry and Neurorehabilitation Unit, Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy
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68
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Jaekel J, Baumann N, Bartmann P, Wolke D. General cognitive but not mathematic abilities predict very preterm and healthy term born adults' wealth. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0212789. [PMID: 30865719 PMCID: PMC6415831 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Very preterm (<32 weeks gestation; VP) and/or very low birth weight (<1500g; VLBW) children often have cognitive and mathematic difficulties. It is unknown whether VP/VLBW children’s frequent mathematic problems significantly add to the burden of negative life-course consequences over and above effects of more general cognitive deficits. Our aim was to determine whether negative consequences of VP/VLBW versus healthy term birth on adult wealth are mediated by mathematic abilities in childhood, or rather explained by more general cognitive abilities. Methods 193 VP/VLBW and 217 healthy term comparison participants were studied prospectively from birth to adulthood as part of a geographically defined study in Bavaria (South Germany). Mathematic and general cognitive abilities were assessed at 8 years with standardized tests; wealth information was assessed at 26 years with a structured interview and summarized into a comprehensive index score. All scores were z-standardized. Results At 8 years, VP/VLBW (n = 193, 52.3% male) had lower mathematic and general cognitive abilities than healthy term comparison children (n = 217, 47.0% male). At 26 years, VP/VLBW had accumulated significantly lower overall wealth than term born comparison adults (-0.57 (1.08) versus -0.01 (1.00), mean difference 0.56 [0.36–0.77], p < .001). Structural equation modeling confirmed that VP/VLBW birth (β = -.13, p = .022) and childhood IQ (β = .24, p < .001) both directly predicted adult wealth, but math did not (β = .05, p = .413). Analyses were controlled for small-for-gestational-age (SGA) birth, child sex, and family socioeconomic status. Conclusion This longitudinal study from birth to adulthood shows that VP/VLBW survivors’ general cognitive rather than specific mathematic problems explain their diminished life-course success. These findings are important in order to design effective interventions at school age that reduce the burden of prematurity for those individuals who were born at highest neonatal risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Jaekel
- Department of Child and Family Studies, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Psychology, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Nicole Baumann
- Department of Psychology, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | | | - Dieter Wolke
- Department of Psychology, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
- Division of Mental Health and Wellbeing, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
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69
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Trajectories of behavior, attention, social and emotional problems from childhood to early adulthood following extremely preterm birth: a prospective cohort study. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2019; 28:531-542. [PMID: 30191335 PMCID: PMC6445809 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-018-1219-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
To investigate trajectories of behavior, attention, social and emotional problems to early adulthood in extremely preterm survivors compared to a term-born comparison group. Longitudinal analysis of a prospective, population-based cohort of 315 surviving infants born < 26 completed weeks of gestation recruited at birth in 1995, from the UK/Republic of Ireland, and a term-born comparison group recruited at age 6. The parent-report Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire was completed at age 6, 11, 16 and 19 years. The Total Behavioral Difficulties Score was 4.81 points higher in extremely preterm individuals compared to their term-born peers over the period (95% CI 3.76-5.87, p < 0.001) and trajectories were stable in both groups. The impact of difficulties on home life, friendships, school or work and/or leisure activities was greater in the EPT group (RR 4.28, 95% CI 2.89-6.35, p < 0.001), and hyperactivity/inattention and peer problems accounted for the largest differences. A clinically significant behavioral screen at age 2.5 was associated with a higher Total Behavioral Difficulties Score from 6 years onwards in extremely preterm participants (Mean difference 6.90, 95% CI 5.01-8.70, p < 0.0.01), as was moderate/severe cognitive impairment at last assessment (Mean difference: 4.27, 95% CI 2.76-5.77, p < 0.001). Attention, social and emotional problems in extremely preterm individuals persist into early adulthood with significant impact on daily life. A positive behavioral screen in infancy and moderate/severe cognitive impairment are associated with early adult outcomes.
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70
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Witt S, Weitkämper A, Neumann H, Lücke T, Zmyj N. Delayed theory of mind development in children born preterm: A longitudinal study. Early Hum Dev 2018; 127:85-89. [PMID: 30342224 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children born preterm are at high risk of developmental delay in various cognitive domains. Moreover, problems in social interaction are more frequently reported in preterm children than in their full-term peers. These difficulties can be observed at two years of age and seem to persist until school age. Although closely linked to social acceptance, remarkably little research has focused on social-cognitive skills such as Theory of Mind in preterm children. AIM The aim of the current study was to assess Theory-of-Mind development in preterm (n = 34) and full-term (n = 38) children over the course of two years. METHODS A Theory-of-Mind scale was administered at the children's age of 3, 4, and 5 years, and we additionally assessed and controlled for general cognitive development. RESULTS At the age of 3, mean Theory-of-Mind scores were 1.23 (SD = 0.65) for preterm and 1.58 (SD = 0.76) for full-term children. By the age of 5, preterm children's performance (M = 3.50, SD = 1.16) was similar to that of full-term children (M = 3.52, SD = 0.98), revealing a significant interaction effect between birth status and time of measurement, F(1, 44.424) = 4.76, p = .035. CONCLUSION The interaction effect indicates that preterm children show a delay rather than a general deficit in Theory-of-Mind development. Mechanisms underlying this course of development are still unknown. To examine why problems in social interaction persist despite improving Theory-of-Mind abilities, future research should extend the focus to implicit mental reasoning in preterm children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Witt
- TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany.
| | - Almut Weitkämper
- University Children's Hospital, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Helmut Neumann
- University Children's Hospital, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Thomas Lücke
- University Children's Hospital, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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71
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Ritchie K, Bora S, Woodward LJ. Peer Relationship Outcomes of School-Age Children Born Very Preterm. J Pediatr 2018; 201:238-244. [PMID: 29958672 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2018.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To characterize the friendship networks, peer relationships, and bullying experiences of 12-year-old children born extremely preterm (EPT; 23-27 weeks of gestation), very preterm (VPT; 28-32 weeks of gestation), and full term (FT; 38-41 weeks of gestation), and to identify child characteristics placing children at risk of peer problems. STUDY DESIGN A regional cohort of 44 EPT, 60 VPT, and 109 FT born children were followed prospectively to 12 years of age. The nature of children's close friendships, peer relations, and bullying experiences were assessed using a multimethod approach, including parent, teacher, and child report. RESULTS Across all measures, children born EPT had more peer social difficulties than children born VPT and FT. They were more likely to report no close friendships (5%-14% EPT vs 0%-3% VPT/FT), dissatisfaction with their peer network (16% vs 1%-2%), and less time interacting face-to-face with friends (16%-23% vs 5%-8%). They were also 3 times more likely to be rated by their parents and teachers as experiencing problems relating to peers (P ≤ .001). In contrast, rates of chronic bullying (≥2 times/week) were similar for EPT and VPT children (12%-14% vs 4% FT). Emotional problems, inattention/hyperactivity, and motor deficits were associated with an increased risk of peer relationship problems, whereas higher body mass index, delayed pubertal development, vision problems, and inattention/hyperactivity problems were associated with frequent bullying. CONCLUSIONS With the exception of bullying, risks of peer social difficulties were greatest among children born EPT. Peer social relationships should be monitored as part of longer term developmental surveillance and support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Ritchie
- Department of Psychology, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Samudragupta Bora
- Mothers, Babies and Women's Health Program, Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Lianne J Woodward
- Department of Psychology, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand; Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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72
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Butti N, Montirosso R, Borgatti R, Urgesi C. Maternal sensitivity is associated with configural processing of infant's cues in preterm and full-term mothers. Early Hum Dev 2018; 125:35-45. [PMID: 30199717 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2018.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prematurity may affect mother-infant bonding and alter maternal sensitivity to infant's cues. Efficient perception of infants' facial and bodily cues is a crucial aspect of maternal sensitivity and may be challenged by prematurity, as infants' signals may not be easily intelligible. However, it is still unexplored how premature birth impacts the maternal ability to perceive infants' signals. AIMS To investigate whether prematurity influences the perceptual sensitivity of mothers to infants' cues and, in particular, the configural processing of the faces and bodies of familiar and unfamiliar infants. STUDY DESIGN The inversion effect paradigm was used to evaluate the configural vs. detail-based processing of the face and body of own or others' infants. Preterm mothers were compared to full-term mothers with either low or high maternal sensitivity. PARTICIPANTS Forty-three healthy full-term and twenty-one preterm mothers of infants aged about six months. OUTCOME MEASURES Maternal sensitivity during dyadic interaction, gestational age, accuracy and reaction time in a delayed matching-to-sample task of upright vs. inverted body and face stimuli (i.e., inversion effect). RESULTS Preterm mothers were found to be less sensitive than the full-term ones. Higher maternal sensitivity during dyadic interaction was associated with lower inversion effect for unfamiliar as compared to own infants' bodies. However, preterm mothers and full-term mothers with low sensitivity showed comparable inversion effect in perceiving unfamiliar infants' faces or bodies. CONCLUSIONS Preterm birth per se does not directly affect body configural processing, but it may be associated to reduced maternal sensitivity, ultimately leading to a less refined perception of own infant's cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niccolò Butti
- Neuropsychiatry and Neurorehabilitation Unit - Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy
| | - Rosario Montirosso
- 0-3 Centre for the at-Risk Infant - Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy.
| | - Renato Borgatti
- Neuropsychiatry and Neurorehabilitation Unit - Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy
| | - Cosimo Urgesi
- Neuropsychiatry and Neurorehabilitation Unit - Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy; Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Languages and Literatures, Communication, Education and Society, University of Udine and Scientific Institute, IRCCS Eugenio Medea, San Vito al Tagliamento, Pordenone, Italy
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73
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Korzeniewski SJ, Allred EN, O'Shea TM, Leviton A, Kuban KCK. Elevated protein concentrations in newborn blood and the risks of autism spectrum disorder, and of social impairment, at age 10 years among infants born before the 28th week of gestation. Transl Psychiatry 2018; 8:115. [PMID: 29884819 PMCID: PMC5993745 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-018-0156-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Among the 1 of 10 children who are born preterm annually in the United States, 6% are born before the third trimester. Among children who survive birth before the 28th week of gestation, the risks of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and non-autistic social impairment are severalfold higher than in the general population. We examined the relationship between top quartile inflammation-related protein concentrations among children born extremely preterm and ASD or, separately, a high score on the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS total score ≥65) among those who did not meet ASD criteria, using information only from the subset of children whose DAS-II verbal or non-verbal IQ was ≥70, who were assessed for ASD, and who had proteins measured in blood collected on ≥2 days (N = 763). ASD (N = 36) assessed at age 10 years is associated with recurrent top quartile concentrations of inflammation-related proteins during the first post-natal month (e.g., SAA odds ratio (OR); 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.5; 1.2-5.3) and IL-6 (OR; 95% CI: 2.6; 1.03-6.4)). Top quartile concentrations of neurotrophic proteins appear to moderate the increased risk of ASD associated with repeated top quartile concentrations of inflammation-related proteins. High (top quartile) concentrations of SAA are associated with elevated risk of ASD (2.8; 1.2-6.7) when Ang-1 concentrations are below the top quartile, but not when Ang-1 concentrations are high (1.3; 0.3-5.8). Similarly, high concentrations of TNF-α are associated with heightened risk of SRS-defined social impairment (N = 130) (2.0; 1.1-3.8) when ANG-1 concentrations are not high, but not when ANG-1 concentrations are elevated (0.5; 0.1-4.2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J Korzeniewski
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.
| | - Elizabeth N Allred
- Departments of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - T Michael O'Shea
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Alan Leviton
- Departments of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Karl C K Kuban
- Departments of Pediatrics, Boston Medical Center and Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
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74
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Babata K, Bright HR, Allred EN, Erdei C, Kuban KCK, Joseph RM, O'Shea TM, Dammann O, Leviton A. Socioemotional dysfunctions at age 10 years in extremely preterm newborns with late-onset bacteremia. Early Hum Dev 2018; 121:1-7. [PMID: 29702395 PMCID: PMC6114932 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2018.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kikelomo Babata
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111, United States.
| | - H Reeve Bright
- Tufts University School of Medicine, 145 Harrison Ave, Boston, MA 02111, United States.
| | - Elizabeth N Allred
- Harvard Medical School, A-111, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, MA 02115, United States; Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, United States.
| | - Carmina Erdei
- Harvard Medical School, A-111, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, MA 02115, United States; Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 25 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115, United States.
| | - Karl C K Kuban
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology, Boston University Medical Center, 725 Albany St, 8th Floor, Suite 8C, Boston, MA 02118, United States.
| | - Robert M Joseph
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord St (L 1004), Boston, MA 02118, United States.
| | - T Michael O'Shea
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina, 321 S Columbia St, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, United States.
| | - Olaf Dammann
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Ave, Boston, MA 02111, United States; Perinatal Neuroepidemiology Unit, OE 6415, Department of Pediatrics, Hannover Medical School, 30623 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Alan Leviton
- Harvard Medical School, A-111, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, MA 02115, United States; Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, United States.
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75
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Origins and Predictors of Friendships in 6- to 8-Year-Old Children Born at Neonatal Risk. J Pediatr 2018; 193:93-101.e5. [PMID: 29241679 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2017.09.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test effects of gestational age (GA), early social experiences, and child characteristics on children's friendships and perceived peer acceptance. STUDY DESIGN As part of the prospective Bavarian Longitudinal Study (1147 children, 25-41 weeks GA), children's friendships (eg, number of friends, frequency of meeting friends) and perceived peer acceptance were assessed before school entry (6 years of age) and in second grade (8 years of age) using child and parent reports. The parent-infant relationship was evaluated during the 5 months after birth. Child characteristics (ie, height, motor impairment, cognitive ability, behavioral problems) were measured at 6 years of age. Multiple regressions estimated effects of GA, parent-infant relationship, and child characteristics. RESULTS Overall, children with higher GA had more friends, spent more time with friends, and were more accepted by peers at 6 years of age. Better parent-infant relationships, higher cognitive abilities, and fewer motor and behavioral problems predicted more friendships and higher peer acceptance after adjusting for sex, socioeconomic status, multiples, siblings, and special schooling. Across all GA groups, number of friends (child report: mean change, 1.77; 95% CI, 1.57-1.96) and peer acceptance (child report: mean change, 0.14; 95% CI, 0.09-0.19; parent report: mean change, 0.14; 95% CI, 0.11-0.17) increased with age, but the increase in number of friends was higher among preterm children (ie, interaction effect age*GA group: P = .034). CONCLUSIONS Our results provide evidence of a dose-response effect of low GA on children's friendships and perceived peer acceptance. Improvements in early parenting and motor, cognitive, and behavioral development may facilitate friendships and peer acceptance for all children across the gestation spectrum.
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76
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Jaekel J, Baumann N, Bartmann P, Wolke D. Mood and anxiety disorders in very preterm/very low-birth weight individuals from 6 to 26 years. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2018; 59:88-95. [PMID: 28748557 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.12787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Very preterm (<32 weeks' gestational age; VP) or very low-birth weight (<1,500 g; VLBW) birth has been associated with increased risk for anxiety and mood disorders and less partnering in adulthood. The aim was to test whether (a) VP/VLBW are at increased risk of any anxiety or mood disorders from 6 to 26 years compared with term-born individuals; (b) social support from romantic partners is associated with protection from anxiety and mood disorders; and (c) VP/VLBW adults' lower social support mediates their risk for any anxiety and mood disorders. METHODS Data are from a prospective geographically defined longitudinal whole-population study in South Bavaria (Germany). Two hundred VP/VLBW and 197 term individuals were studied from birth to adulthood. Anxiety and mood disorders were assessed at 6, 8, and 26 years with standardized diagnostic interviews and social support via self-report at age 26. RESULTS At age 6, VP/VLBW children were not at increased risk of any anxiety or mood disorder. At age 8, VP/VLBW more often had any anxiety disorder than term comparisons (11.8% vs. 6.6%, OR = 2.10, 95% CI [1.08-4.10]). VP/VLBW adults had an increased risk for any mood (27.5% vs. 18.8%, OR = 1.65 [1.02-2.67]) but not for any anxiety disorder (33.0% vs. 28.4%, OR = 1.27 [0.82-1.96]). None of the significant differences survived correction for multiple testing. Social support was associated with a lower risk of anxiety or mood disorders in both groups (OR = 0.81 [0.68-0.96]) and mediated the association of VP/VLBW birth with any anxiety or any mood disorders at age 26. CONCLUSIONS This study does not show a persistently increased risk for any anxiety or mood disorder after VP/VLBW birth. Low social support from a romantic partner mediates the risk for anxiety or mood disorders after VP/VLBW birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Jaekel
- Department of Child and Family Studies, University of Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, USA.,Department of Psychology, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Nicole Baumann
- Department of Psychology, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Peter Bartmann
- Institute of Neonatology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Dieter Wolke
- Department of Psychology, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
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77
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Abstract
Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is a noninvasive neuroimaging tool assessing the organization of white-matter tracts and brain microstructure in vivo. The technique takes into account the three-dimensional (3D) direction of diffusion of water in space, the brownian movements of water being constrained by the brain microstructure. The main direction of diffusion in the brain is extracted to obtain the principal direction of axonal projection within a given voxel. Overall, the diffusion tensor is a mathematic analysis of the magnitude/directionality (anisotropy) of the movement of water molecules in 3D space. Tracts running in the white matter are subsequently reconstructed graphically with fiber tractography. Tractography can be applied to myelinated and unmyelinated fibers or axonopathy. Decreased fractional anisotropy in white-matter tracts occurs in cases of injury with disorganized or disrupted myelin sheaths. Furthermore, high angular resolution methods enable detection of fiber crossings or convergence. DTI is a modern tool which complements conventional magnetic resonance techniques and is particularly relevant to assess the organization of cerebellar tracts. Indeed, both the afferent and efferent pathways of the cerebellar circuitry passing through the inferior, middle, and superior cerebellar peduncles can be visualized in vivo, including in children. The microanatomy of the cerebellar cortex and cerebellar nuclei is also emerging as a future assessment. Applications in the field of cerebellar disorders are multiple, ranging from developmental disorders to adult-onset cerebellar ataxias.
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78
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Telford EJ, Cox SR, Fletcher-Watson S, Anblagan D, Sparrow S, Pataky R, Quigley A, Semple SI, Bastin ME, Boardman JP. A latent measure explains substantial variance in white matter microstructure across the newborn human brain. Brain Struct Funct 2017; 222:4023-4033. [PMID: 28589258 PMCID: PMC5686254 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-017-1455-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
A latent measure of white matter microstructure (g WM) provides a neural basis for information processing speed and intelligence in adults, but the temporal emergence of g WM during human development is unknown. We provide evidence that substantial variance in white matter microstructure is shared across a range of major tracts in the newborn brain. Based on diffusion MRI scans from 145 neonates [gestational age (GA) at birth range 23+2-41+5 weeks], the microstructural properties of eight major white matter tracts were calculated using probabilistic neighborhood tractography. Principal component analyses (PCAs) were carried out on the correlations between the eight tracts, separately for four tract-averaged water diffusion parameters: fractional anisotropy, and mean, radial and axial diffusivities. For all four parameters, PCAs revealed a single latent variable that explained around half of the variance across all eight tracts, and all tracts showed positive loadings. We considered the impact of early environment on general microstructural properties, by comparing term-born infants with preterm infants at term equivalent age. We found significant associations between GA at birth and the latent measure for each water diffusion measure; this effect was most apparent in projection and commissural fibers. These data show that a latent measure of white matter microstructure is present in very early life, well before myelination is widespread. Early exposure to extra-uterine life is associated with altered general properties of white matter microstructure, which could explain the high prevalence of cognitive impairment experienced by children born preterm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma J Telford
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Simon R Cox
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
- Scottish Imaging Network, A Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Sue Fletcher-Watson
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Devasuda Anblagan
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
- Scottish Imaging Network, A Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Sarah Sparrow
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Rozalia Pataky
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Alan Quigley
- Department of Radiology, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, 9 Sciennes Road, Edinburgh, EH9 1LF, UK
| | - Scott I Semple
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
- Clinical Research Imaging Centre, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Mark E Bastin
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
- Scottish Imaging Network, A Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - James P Boardman
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK.
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK.
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79
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Mossad SI, Smith ML, Pang EW, Taylor MJ. Neural correlates of "Theory of Mind" in very preterm born children. Hum Brain Mapp 2017; 38:5577-5589. [PMID: 28766907 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Very preterm (VPT) birth (<32 weeks' gestational age) has been implicated in social-cognitive deficits including Theory of Mind (ToM); the ability to attribute mental states to others and understand that those beliefs can differ from one's own or reality. The neural bases for ToM deficits in VPT born children have not been examined. We used magnetoencephalography (MEG) for its excellent spatial and temporal resolution to determine the neural underpinnings of ToM in 24 VPT and 24 full-term born (FT) children (7-13 years). VPT children performed more poorly on neuropsychological measures of ToM but not inhibition. In the MEG task, both FT children and VPT children recruited regions involved in false belief processing such as the rIFG (VPT: 275-350 ms, FT: 250-375 ms) and left inferior temporal gyrus (VPT: 375-450 ms, FT: 325-375 ms) and right fusiform gyrus (VPT: 150-200 ms, FT: 175-250 ms). The rIPL (included in the temporal-parietal junction) was recruited in FT children (475-575 ms) and the lTPJ in VPT children (500-575 ms). However, activations in all regions were reduced in the VPT compared to the FT group. We suggest that with increasing social-cognitive demands such as varying the type of scenarios in the standardized measure of ToM, reduced activations in the rIFG and TPJ in the VPT group may reflect the decreased performance. With access to both spatial and temporal information, we discuss the role of domain general and specific regions of the ToM network in both groups. Hum Brain Mapp 38:5577-5589, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah I Mossad
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Neuroscience & Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Mary Lou Smith
- Department of Neuroscience & Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Psychology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Elizabeth W Pang
- Department of Neuroscience & Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Canada.,Division of Neurology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Margot J Taylor
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Neuroscience & Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Division of Neurology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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80
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Fenoglio A, Georgieff MK, Elison JT. Social brain circuitry and social cognition in infants born preterm. J Neurodev Disord 2017; 9:27. [PMID: 28728548 PMCID: PMC5516343 DOI: 10.1186/s11689-017-9206-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Preterm birth is associated with an increased risk of adverse neurologic, psychiatric, and cognitive outcomes. The brain circuits involved in processing social information are critical to all of these domains, but little work has been done to examine whether and how these circuits may be especially sensitive to prematurity. This paper contains a brief summary of some of the cognitive, psychiatric, and social outcomes associated with prematurity, followed by a description of findings from the modest body of research into social-cognitive development in infants and children born preterm. Next, findings from studies of structural and functional brain development in infants born preterm are reviewed, with an eye toward the distinctive role of the brain circuits implicated in social functioning. The goal of this review is to investigate the extent to which the putative "social brain" may have particular developmental susceptibilities to the insults associated with preterm birth, and the role of early social-cognitive development in later neurodevelopmental outcomes. Much work has been done to characterize neurobehavioral outcomes in the preterm population, but future research must incorporate both brain and behavioral measures to identify early biomarkers linked to later emerging social-cognitive clinical impairment in order to guide effective, targeted intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Fenoglio
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, 51 East River Parkway, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - Michael K. Georgieff
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, 51 East River Parkway, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neonatology, University of Minnesota, 6th Floor East Building, MB630, 2450 Riverside Ave, Minneapolis, MN 55454 USA
| | - Jed T. Elison
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, 51 East River Parkway, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neonatology, University of Minnesota, 6th Floor East Building, MB630, 2450 Riverside Ave, Minneapolis, MN 55454 USA
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81
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Burke NN, Trang T. Neonatal Injury Results in Sex-Dependent Nociceptive Hypersensitivity and Social Behavioral Deficits During Adolescence, Without Altering Morphine Response. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2017; 18:1384-1396. [PMID: 28709955 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Neonatal injury is associated with persistent changes in sensory function and altered nociceptive thresholds that give rise to aberrant pain sensitivity in later life. Although these changes are well documented in adult rodents, little is known about the consequences of neonatal injury during adolescence. Because adolescence is a critical developmental period during which persistent pain conditions can arise, we examined the effect of neonatal injury on nociception, social behavior, and response to morphine in adolescent Sprague Dawley rats. Male and female rats exposed to plantar incision injury at postnatal day 3 displayed mechanical hypersensitivity that resolved by 24 hours after incision. When these animals reached adolescence (postnatal day 28-40), neonatally-injured male rats showed ipsilaterally restricted mechanical, heat, and cold hypersensitivity, as well as social behavioral deficits. In contrast, these effects were not seen in female rats. Neonatal injury did not alter acute morphine antinociception or the development of analgesic tolerance in either sex. Morphine-induced conditioned place preference, behavioral sensitization, and physical withdrawal were also not affected by neonatal incision. Thus, early-life injury results in sex-dependent pain-related hypersensitivity and social behavior deficits during adolescence, without altering the response to opioids. PERSPECTIVE Neonatal surgery has greater effects on adolescent male than female rats, resulting in pain-related hypersensitivity and social behavioral deficits. Neonatal surgery does not alter the antinociceptive effects of morphine or abuse liability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita N Burke
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Tuan Trang
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
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82
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Zmyj N, Witt S, Weitkämper A, Neumann H, Lücke T. Social Cognition in Children Born Preterm: A Perspective on Future Research Directions. Front Psychol 2017; 8:455. [PMID: 28611695 PMCID: PMC5447081 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Preterm birth is a major risk factor for children’s development. It affects children’s cognitive and intellectual development and is related to impairments in IQ, executive functions, and well-being, with these problems persisting into adulthood. While preterm children’s intellectual and cognitive development has been studied in detail, their social development and social-cognitive competencies have received less attention. Namely, preterm children show problems in interactions with others. These interaction problems are present in relationships with parents, teachers, and peers. Parents’ behavior has been identified as a possible mediator of children’s social behavior. Maternal sensitivity and responsiveness as well as absence of mental disorders foster children’s social development. In this article, we will report on the social side of impairments that preterm children face. The review of the literature revealed that preterm infants’ joint attention abilities are impaired: They are less likely to initiate joint attention with others and to respond to others’ efforts to engage in joint attention. These deficits in joint attention might contribute to later impairments in social cognition, which in turn might affect social interaction skills. Based on these three domains (i.e., problems in social interaction, parental behavior, and impairments in joint attention), we suggest that preterm children’s social cognitive abilities should be investigated more intensively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norbert Zmyj
- Institute of Psychology, TU Dortmund UniversityDortmund, Germany
| | - Sarah Witt
- Institute of Psychology, TU Dortmund UniversityDortmund, Germany
| | - Almut Weitkämper
- Department of Neuropediatrics, University Children's Hospital, Ruhr-Universität BochumBochum, Germany
| | - Helmut Neumann
- Department of Neuropediatrics, University Children's Hospital, Ruhr-Universität BochumBochum, Germany
| | - Thomas Lücke
- Department of Neuropediatrics, University Children's Hospital, Ruhr-Universität BochumBochum, Germany
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83
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Sekigawa-Hosozawa M, Tanaka K, Shimizu T, Nakano T, Kitazawa S. A group of very preterm children characterized by atypical gaze patterns. Brain Dev 2017; 39:218-224. [PMID: 27814930 DOI: 10.1016/j.braindev.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 08/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Very preterm (VP) children are at risk for social difficulties, including autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This study used eye tracking to determine viewing behaviors that may reflect these difficulties. DESIGN The gaze patterns of 47 VP (mean gestational age: 28weeks, mean birth weight: 948g, and mean chronological age: 49months) were assessed while viewing dynamic social scenes and compared with those of 25 typically developing (TD) and 25 children with ASD. The temporo-spatial gaze patterns were summarized on a two-dimensional plane using multidimensional scaling (MDS) and the median of the TD children was used to characterize the gazes of the VP children. Time spent viewing the face was also compared. RESULTS The VP children formed two clusters: one had a mean MDS distance comparable to that of TD group (n=32; VP-small), and the other had a larger mean distance comparable to that of ASD group (n=15; VP-large). The VP-large were similar to the ASD group by spending significantly less time viewing the face. Their performance was comparable to the TD during the initial 1s, but they could not remain focused on the face thereafter. CONCLUSIONS The VP children were objectively classified into two groups based on gaze behaviors. One group was comparable to TD children, whereas the other had difficulty maintaining attention and exhibited atypical viewing behaviors similar to those of the ASD group. Our method may be useful in identifying VP children at higher risk for experiencing social difficulties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariko Sekigawa-Hosozawa
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Kyoko Tanaka
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Adolescent Mental Health, Department of Psychosocial Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Shimizu
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tamami Nakano
- Dynamic Brain Network Laboratory, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Department of Brain Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shigeru Kitazawa
- Dynamic Brain Network Laboratory, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Department of Brain Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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84
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Cerebellar Microstructural Organization is Altered by Complications of Premature Birth: A Case-Control Study. J Pediatr 2017; 182:28-33.e1. [PMID: 27843009 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2016.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare regional cerebellar microstructure, as measured by diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), between preterm infants at term-equivalent age and healthy term-born control neonates, and to explore associations between DTI findings and clinical risk factors. STUDY DESIGN In this case-control study, DTI studies were performed in 73 premature infants born ≤32 weeks and ≤1500 g birth weight and 73 full-term-born controls from healthy pregnancies. Using a region of interest approach, fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) were extracted in 7 cerebellar regions including the anterior vermis, the right/left superior cerebellar peduncles, the middle cerebellar peduncle, and the dentate nuclei. To validate further our DTI measurements, we measured FA and MD in the genu of the corpus callosum and splenium. FA and MD were compared between groups using analyses of multiple linear regression models. RESULTS Preterm infants at term-equivalent age presented with higher FA in the dentate nuclei (<.001) and middle cerebellar peduncle (.028), and lower MD in the vermis (.023) compared with controls. Conversely, preterm infants showed reduced FA and increased MD in both the genu of the corpus callosum and splenium (P < .001). Independent risk factors associated with altered FA and MD in the cerebellum included low Apgar score, supratentorial injury, compromised cardiorespiratory function, and surgery for necrotizing enterocolitis and patent ductus arteriosus. CONCLUSIONS This DTI study provides evidence that complications of premature birth are associated with altered cerebellar microstructural organization when compared with term-born control infants.
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85
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Gestational age and chronic 'body-mind' health problems in childhood: dose-response association and risk factors. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2017; 26:57-65. [PMID: 27246900 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-016-0872-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the developmental course of all health issues associated with preterm birth is important from an individual, clinical and public health point-of-view. Both the number of preterm births and proportion of survivors have increased steadily in recent years. The UK Millennium Cohort Study (n = 18,818) was used to examine the association of gestational age with maternal ratings of general health and behavior problems at ages 5 and 11 years using binary and multinomial logistic regression analyses. The association between mothers' ratings of general health and behavior problems was relatively weak at each time point. Children rated as being in poor general health remained constant over time (4.0 % at age 5, 3.8 % at age 11), but children rated as having behavioral problems increased by almost 100 % (5.6 % at 5; 10.5 % at 11). A gradient of increasing risk with decreasing gestational age was observed for a composite health measure (general health problems and/or behavior problems) at age 5, amplified at age 11 and was strongest for those with chronic problems (poor health at both age 5 and age 11). This association was found to be compounded by child sex, maternal characteristics at birth (education, employment, marital status) and duration of breast feeding. Integrated support to at-risk families initiated during, or soon after pregnancy, may prevent chronic problems and might potentially reduce long term health costs for both the individual and health services.
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86
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Social Responsiveness Scale Assessment of the Preterm Behavioral Phenotype in 10-Year-Olds Born Extremely Preterm. J Dev Behav Pediatr 2017; 38:697-705. [PMID: 28857804 PMCID: PMC5668158 DOI: 10.1097/dbp.0000000000000485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the correlates of a clinically significant high score on the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) in 10-year-old children who were born extremely preterm and who did not meet criteria for autism spectrum disorder (ASD). METHODS After excluding 61 participants diagnosed with ASD, we grouped children by IQ < or ≥85 and then compared the prevalence of neurocognitive and other deficits between those who had SRS total and component scores ≥65 and their peers who had lower scores. RESULTS Among children who had IQ ≥ 85, the prevalence of SRS total scores ≥65 was 16% (n = 103/628), and among children who had IQ < 85, it was 27% (n = 40/148), higher than the 4% prevalence expected based on normative population data. Among children who had IQ ≥ 85, those who had high SRS scores more often than their peers had deficits in attention and executive function, and language and communication, and they were more often rated by their parents and teachers as having behavioral (e.g., attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder [ADHD]) and emotional (e.g., anxiety and depression) problems. CONCLUSION Social Responsiveness Scale-defined social impairment was much more common in our cohort of 10-year-old children born extremely preterm than was expected based on general population norms. High SRS scores were characteristic of children who had intellectual, neurocognitive, language, and communication limitations, as well as deficits in behavior and emotion regulation.
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87
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Lejeune F, Réveillon M, Monnier M, Hüppi PS, Borradori Tolsa C, Barisnikov K. Social reasoning abilities in preterm and full-term children aged 5-7years. Early Hum Dev 2016; 103:49-54. [PMID: 27490664 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2016.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Literature has evidenced behavioral and socio-emotional problems in preterm children, as well as long-term difficulties to establish and maintain social relationships in preterm population. Several studies have shown relations between behavior and social reasoning abilities in typically developing children and adults. AIM The present study aimed to investigate the social understanding and social reasoning abilities in preterm children aged between 5 and 7years in comparison to their full-term peers. STUDY DESIGN A social resolution task (SRT) was used to assess abilities to judge, identify and reason about others' behavior in relation to conventional and moral rules knowledge. SUBJECTS 102 preterm children and 88 full-term children were included in the study. RESULTS Compared with their full-term peers, preterm children exhibited difficulties to understand and reason about inappropriate social behavior, particularly for situations related to the transgression of conventional rules. They used more irrelevant information and exhibited less social awareness when reasoning about the transgression of social rules. The only significant predictor for global SRT and social reasoning scores was the mental processing composite of the K-ABC, but the part of the variance of the SRT that could be explained by the general cognitive abilities was relatively small. CONCLUSION Preterm children demonstrated poorer social knowledge and social reasoning abilities compared with full-term children at early school age. Improving such abilities may reduce behavioral difficulties and peer relationship problems often described in the preterm population. These findings emphasize the need to early identify children at risk for impaired social development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fleur Lejeune
- Child Clinical Neuropsychology Unit, Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Morgane Réveillon
- Child Clinical Neuropsychology Unit, Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Division of Development and Growth, Department of Child and Adolescent, University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Maryline Monnier
- Follow-up Unit, Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Petra S Hüppi
- Division of Development and Growth, Department of Child and Adolescent, University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Cristina Borradori Tolsa
- Division of Development and Growth, Department of Child and Adolescent, University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Koviljka Barisnikov
- Child Clinical Neuropsychology Unit, Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess behavioral outcomes and social competence at 2 years of age in infants born late and moderately preterm (LMPT; 32-36 wk gestation). METHOD One thousand one hundred and thirty LMPT infants and 1255 term-born (≥37 wk) controls were recruited at birth to a prospective geographical population-based study. Parents completed the Brief Infant and Toddler Social Emotional Assessment (BITSEA) at 2 years corrected age to assess infants' behavior problems and social competence. Cognitive development was assessed using the Parent Report of Children's Abilities-Revised. Parent questionnaires at 2 years were completed for 638 (57%) LMPT and 765 (62%) term-born infants. Group differences in the prevalence of behavior problems and delayed social competence between LMPT infants and term-born controls were adjusted for age, sex, small-for-gestational-age, socioeconomic status and cognitive impairment. RESULTS Late and moderately preterm infants were at significantly increased risk of delayed social competence compared with term-born controls (26.4% vs. 18.4%; adjusted-relative risk [RR] 1.28; 95% CI, 1.03-1.58), but there was no significant group difference in the prevalence of behavior problems (21.0% vs. 17.6%; adjusted-RR 1.13, 0.89-1.42). Non-white ethnicity (RR 1.68, 1.26-2.24), medium (RR 1.60, 1.14-2.24) and high (RR 1.98, 1.41-2.75) socioeconomic risk and recreational drug use during pregnancy (RR 1.70, 1.03-2.82) were significant independent predictors of delayed social competence in LMPT infants. CONCLUSION Birth at 32 to 36 weeks of gestation confers a specific risk for delayed social competence at 2 years of age. This may be indicative of an increased risk for psychiatric disorders later in childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Johnson
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
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