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Yu T, Li L, Liu W, Ya B, Cheng H, Xin Q. Silencing of NADPH Oxidase 4 Attenuates Hypoxia Resistance in Neuroblastoma Cells SH-SY5Y by Inhibiting PI3K/Akt-Dependent Glycolysis. Oncol Res 2018; 27:525-532. [PMID: 29426376 PMCID: PMC7848326 DOI: 10.3727/096504018x15179668157803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-induced chemoresistance is a major obstacle in the development of effective cancer therapy. In our study, the reversal abilities of NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) silence on hypoxia resistance and the potential mechanism were investigated. Our data showed that the expression of NOX4 was upregulated in human neuroblastoma cells SH-SY5Y under hypoxia condition time dependently. Knockdown of NOX4 expression by siRNA inhibited glycolysis induced by hypoxia through decreasing the expression of glycolysis-related proteins (HIF-1α, LDHA, and PDK1), decreasing glucose uptake, lactate production, and ROS production, while increasing mitochondria membrane potential. Moreover, NOX4 silence inhibited cell growth under hypoxia condition through suppressing cell proliferation and proliferation-related proteins (Ki-67 and PCNA) compared with the hypoxia 24 h + siRNA NC group. Further, Western blot experiments exhibited that NOX4 siRNA could downregulate the rate of p-Akt/Akt. Treatment with PI3K/Akt signaling activator IGF-1 blocked, while treatment with Akt inhibitor perifosine enhanced the inhibitory effect of si-NOX4 on glycolysis and cell growth. In summary, knockdown of NOX4 had the ability of reversing hypoxia resistance, and the major mechanism is considered to be the inhibition of glycolysis and cell growth via the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Therefore, NOX4 could be a novel target against hypoxia resistance in neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Yu
- Department of Physiology, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Diagnosis, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Wenyan Liu
- Department of Physiology, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Bailiu Ya
- Department of Physiology, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Hongju Cheng
- Department of Physiology, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Qing Xin
- Department of Physiology, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, P.R. China
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Liu T, Liu X, Li W. Tetrandrine, a Chinese plant-derived alkaloid, is a potential candidate for cancer chemotherapy. Oncotarget 2018; 7:40800-40815. [PMID: 27027348 PMCID: PMC5130046 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a disease caused by the abnormal proliferation and differentiation of cells governed by tumorigenic factors. Chemotherapy is one of the major cancer treatment strategies, and it functions by targeting the physiological capabilities of cancer cells, including sustained proliferation and angiogenesis, the evasion of programmed cell death, tissue invasion and metastasis. Remarkably, natural products have garnered increased attention in the chemotherapy drug discovery field because they are biologically friendly and have high therapeutic effects. Tetrandrine, isolated from the root of Stephania tetrandra S Moore, is a traditional Chinese clinical agent for silicosis, autoimmune disorders, inflammatory pulmonary diseases, cardiovascular diseases and hypertension. Recently, the novel anti-tumor effects of tetrandrine have been widely investigated. More impressive is that tetrandrine affects multiple biological activities of cancer cells, including the inhibition of proliferation, angiogenesis, migration, and invasion; the induction of apoptosis and autophagy; the reversal of multidrug resistance (MDR); and the enhancement of radiation sensitization. This review focuses on introducing the latest information about the anti-tumor effects of tetrandrine on various cancers and its underlying mechanism. Moreover, we discuss the nanoparticle delivery system being developed for tetrandrine and the anti-tumor effects of other bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid derivatives on cancer cells. All current evidence demonstrates that tetrandrine is a promising candidate as a cancer chemotherapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Xin Liu
- Ministry of Education Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, College of Pharmacy, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Wenhua Li
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P. R. China
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Nienhüser H, Schmidt T. Angiogenesis and Anti-Angiogenic Therapy in Gastric Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 19:ijms19010043. [PMID: 29295534 PMCID: PMC5795993 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is one of the most frequent malignancies worldwide. Despite improvements in diagnosis and therapy, the overall prognosis remains poor. In the last decade, several anti-angiogenic drugs for cancer treatment have been approved and lately also introduced to gastric cancer treatment. While the initial trials focused only on unresectable or metastatic cancer, anti-angiogenic treatment is now also investigated in the perioperative and neoadjuvant setting. In this review, an overview of the role of angiogenesis and angiogenic factors in gastric cancer as well as anti-angiogenic treatment of gastric cancer is provided. Findings from in vitro and animal studies are summarized and put in a context with translational data on angiogenesis in gastric cancer. The most important angiogenic factors and their effect in gastric cancer are highlighted and clinical trials including anti-angiogenic drugs are discussed. Finally, an outlook of biomarkers for predicting response to anti-angiogenic treatment is presented, the ongoing trials on this topic are discussed and current challenges of anti-angiogenic therapy are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Nienhüser
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Thomas Schmidt
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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STAT3 but Not HIF-1α Is Important in Mediating Hypoxia-Induced Chemoresistance in MDA-MB-231, a Triple Negative Breast Cancer Cell Line. Cancers (Basel) 2017; 9:cancers9100137. [PMID: 29036915 PMCID: PMC5664076 DOI: 10.3390/cancers9100137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-induced chemoresistance (HICR) is a well-recognized phenomenon, and in many experimental models, hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) is believed to be a key player. We aimed to better understand the mechanism underlying HICR in a triple negative breast cancer cell line, MDA-MB-231, with a focus on the role of HIF-1α. In this context, the effect of hypoxia on the sensitivity of MDA-MB-231 cells to cisplatin and their stem-like features was evaluated and the role of HIF-1α in both phenomena was assessed. Our results showed that hypoxia significantly increased MDA-MB-231 resistance to cisplatin. Correlating with this, intracellular uptake of cisplatin was significantly reduced under hypoxia. Furthermore, the stem-like features of MDA-MB-231 cells increased as evidenced by the significant increases in the expression of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) drug transporters, the proportion of CD44+/CD24− cells, clonogenic survival and cisplatin chemoresistance. Under hypoxia, both the protein level and DNA binding of HIF-1α was dramatically increased. Surprisingly, siRNA knockdown of HIF-1α did not result in an appreciable change to HICR. Instead, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) activation was found to be important. STAT3 activation may confer HICR by upregulating ABC transporters, particularly ABCC2 and ABCC6. This study has demonstrated that, in MDA-MB-231 cells, STAT3 rather than HIF-1α is important in mediating HICR to cisplatin.
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Strange Bedfellows: Nuclear Factor, Erythroid 2-Like 2 (Nrf2) and Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1 (HIF-1) in Tumor Hypoxia. Antioxidants (Basel) 2017; 6:antiox6020027. [PMID: 28383481 PMCID: PMC5488007 DOI: 10.3390/antiox6020027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of the tumor microenvironment for cancer progression and therapeutic resistance is an emerging focus of cancer biology. Hypoxia, or low oxygen, is a hallmark of solid tumors that promotes metastasis and represents a significant obstacle to successful cancer therapy. In response to hypoxia, cancer cells activate a transcriptional program that allows them to survive and thrive in this harsh microenvironment. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) is considered the main effector of the cellular response to hypoxia, stimulating the transcription of genes involved in promoting angiogenesis and altering cellular metabolism. However, growing evidence suggests that the cellular response to hypoxia is much more complex, involving coordinated signaling through stress response pathways. One key signaling molecule that is activated in response to hypoxia is nuclear factor, erythroid 2 like-2 (Nrf2). Nrf2 is a transcription factor that controls the expression of antioxidant-response genes, allowing the cell to regulate reactive oxygen species. Nrf2 is also activated in various cancer types due to genetic and epigenetic alterations, and is associated with poor survival and resistance to therapy. Emerging evidence suggests that coordinated signaling through Nrf2 and HIF-1 is critical for tumor survival and progression. In this review, we discuss the distinct and overlapping roles of HIF-1 and Nrf2 in the cellular response to hypoxia, with a focus on how targeting Nrf2 could provide novel chemotherapeutic modalities for treating solid tumors.
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Johansson K, Cebula M, Rengby O, Dreij K, Carlström KE, Sigmundsson K, Piehl F, Arnér ESJ. Cross Talk in HEK293 Cells Between Nrf2, HIF, and NF-κB Activities upon Challenges with Redox Therapeutics Characterized with Single-Cell Resolution. Antioxid Redox Signal 2017; 26:229-246. [PMID: 26415122 PMCID: PMC5704776 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2015.6419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AIM Many transcription factors with importance in health and disease are redox regulated. However, how their activities may be intertwined in responses to redox-perturbing stimuli is poorly understood. To enable in-depth characterization of this aspect, we here developed a methodology for simultaneous determination of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF), and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cell (NF-κB) activation at single-cell resolution, using a new tool named pTRAF (plasmid for transcription factor reporter activation based upon fluorescence). The pTRAF allowed determination of Nrf2, HIF, and NF-κB activities in a high-resolution and high-throughput manner, and we here assessed how redox therapeutics affected the activities of these transcription factors in human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293). RESULTS Cross talk was detected between the three signaling pathways upon some types of redox therapeutics, also by using inducers typically considered specific for Nrf2, such as sulforaphane or auranofin, hypoxia for HIF activation, or tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) for NF-κB stimulation. Doxorubicin, at low nontoxic doses, potentiated TNFα-induced activation of NF-κB and HIF, without effects in stand-alone treatment. Stochastic activation patterns in cell cultures were also considerable upon challenges with several redox stimuli. INNOVATION A novel strategy was here used to study simultaneous activation of Nrf2, HIF, and NF-κB in single cells. The method can also be adapted for studies of other transcription factors. CONCLUSION The pTRAF provides new opportunities for in-depth studies of transcription factor activities. In this study, we found that upon challenges of cells with several redox-perturbing conditions, Nrf2, HIF, and NF-κB are uniquely responsive to separate stimuli, but can also display marked cross talk to each other within single cells. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 26, 229-246.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Johansson
- 1 Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marcus Cebula
- 1 Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Olle Rengby
- 1 Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kristian Dreij
- 2 Division of Biochemical Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karl E Carlström
- 3 Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kristmundur Sigmundsson
- 4 Division of Chemical Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Piehl
- 3 Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elias S J Arnér
- 1 Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm, Sweden
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57
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Rath S, Das L, Kokate SB, Ghosh N, Dixit P, Rout N, Singh SP, Chattopadhyay S, Ashktorab H, Smoot DT, Swamy MM, Kundu TK, Crowe SE, Bhattacharyya A. Inhibition of histone/lysine acetyltransferase activity kills CoCl 2-treated and hypoxia-exposed gastric cancer cells and reduces their invasiveness. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2016; 82:28-40. [PMID: 27890795 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2016.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 10/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia enhances immortality and metastatic properties of solid tumors. Deregulation of histone acetylation has been associated with several metastatic cancers but its effect on hypoxic responses of cancer cells is not known. This study aimed at understanding the effectiveness of the hydrazinocurcumin, CTK7A, an inhibitor of p300 lysine/histone acetyltransferase (KAT/HAT) activity, in inducing apoptosis of gastric cancer cells (GCCs) exposed to cobalt chloride (CoCl2), a hypoxia-mimetic chemical, or 1% O2. Here, we show that CTK7A-induced hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) generation in CoCl2-exposed and invasive gastric cancer cells (GCCs) leads to p38 MAPK-mediated Noxa expression and thereafter, mitochondrial apoptotic events. Noxa induction in normal immortalized gastric epithelial cells after CTK7A and hypoxia-exposure is remarkably less in comparison to similarly-treated GCCs. Moreover, hypoxia-exposed GCCs, which have acquired invasive properties, become apoptotic after CTK7A treatment to a significantly higher extent than normoxic cells. Thus, we show the potential of CTK7A in sensitizing hypoxic and metastatic GCCs to apoptosis induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suvasmita Rath
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER) Bhubaneswar, HBNI, P.O. Bhimpur-Padanpur, Via Jatni, Dist. Khurda, 752050, Odisha, India
| | - Lopamudra Das
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER) Bhubaneswar, HBNI, P.O. Bhimpur-Padanpur, Via Jatni, Dist. Khurda, 752050, Odisha, India
| | - Shrikant Babanrao Kokate
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER) Bhubaneswar, HBNI, P.O. Bhimpur-Padanpur, Via Jatni, Dist. Khurda, 752050, Odisha, India
| | - Nilabh Ghosh
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER) Bhubaneswar, HBNI, P.O. Bhimpur-Padanpur, Via Jatni, Dist. Khurda, 752050, Odisha, India
| | - Pragyesh Dixit
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER) Bhubaneswar, HBNI, P.O. Bhimpur-Padanpur, Via Jatni, Dist. Khurda, 752050, Odisha, India
| | - Niranjan Rout
- Oncopathology, Acharya Harihar Regional Cancer Centre, Cuttack, 753007, Odisha, India
| | - Shivaram P Singh
- Department of Gastroenterology, SCB Medical College, Cuttack, 753007, Odisha, India
| | - Subhasis Chattopadhyay
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER) Bhubaneswar, HBNI, P.O. Bhimpur-Padanpur, Via Jatni, Dist. Khurda, 752050, Odisha, India
| | - Hassan Ashktorab
- Department of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, DC, 20059, USA
| | - Duane T Smoot
- Department of Medicine, Meharry Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37208, USA
| | - Mahadeva M Swamy
- Transcription and Disease Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, JNCASR, Jakkur PO, Bangalore 560064, Karnataka, India
| | - Tapas K Kundu
- Transcription and Disease Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, JNCASR, Jakkur PO, Bangalore 560064, Karnataka, India
| | - Sheila E Crowe
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Asima Bhattacharyya
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER) Bhubaneswar, HBNI, P.O. Bhimpur-Padanpur, Via Jatni, Dist. Khurda, 752050, Odisha, India.
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58
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Zhao W, Xia SQ, Zhuang JP, Zhang ZP, You CC, Yan JL, Xu GP. Hypoxia-induced resistance to cisplatin-mediated apoptosis in osteosarcoma cells is reversed by gambogic acid independently of HIF-1α. Mol Cell Biochem 2016; 420:1-8. [PMID: 27473145 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-016-2759-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In vitro evidence of hypoxia-induced resistance to cisplatin (CDDP)-mediated apoptosis exists in human osteosarcoma (OS). Gambogic acid (GA) is a promising chemotherapeutic compound that could increase the chemotherapeutic effectiveness of CDDP in human OS cells by inducing cell cycle arrest and promoting apoptosis. This study examined whether GA could overcome OS cell resistance to CDDP. Hypoxia significantly reduced levels of CDDP-induced apoptosis in the OS cell lines MG63 and HOS. However, combined treatment with GA and CDDP revealed a strong synergistic action between these drugs, and higher protein levels of the apoptosis-related factor Fas, cleaved caspase-8 and cleaved caspase-3 and lower expression of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α are detected in both cell lines. Meanwhile, drug resistance was not reversed by exposure to the HIF-1α inhibitor 2-methoxyestradiol. These findings strongly suggest that hypoxia-induced resistance to CDDP is reversed by GA in OS cells independently of HIF-1α. Furthermore, in vivo studies using xenograft mouse models revealed that combination therapy with CDDP and GA exerted increased antitumor effects by inducing apoptosis. Taken together, our results demonstrate that GA may be a new potent therapeutic agent useful for targeting human OS cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 148 Baojian Road, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Shi-Qi Xia
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 148 Baojian Road, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Jin-Peng Zhuang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 148 Baojian Road, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Zhi-Peng Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 148 Baojian Road, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Chang-Cheng You
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 148 Baojian Road, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Jing-Long Yan
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 148 Baojian Road, Harbin, 150081, China.
| | - Gong-Ping Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 148 Baojian Road, Harbin, 150081, China.
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59
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Li D, Zhou L, Huang J, Xiao X. Effect of multidrug resistance 1/P-glycoprotein on the hypoxia-induced multidrug resistance of human laryngeal cancer cells. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:1569-1574. [PMID: 27446473 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In a previous study, it was demonstrated that hypoxia upregulated the multidrug resistance (MDR) of laryngeal cancer cells to chemotherapeutic drugs, with multidrug resistance 1 (MDR1)/P-glycoprotein (P-gp) expression also being upregulated. The present study aimed to investigate the role and mechanism of MDR1/P-gp on hypoxia-induced MDR in human laryngeal carcinoma cells. The sensitivity of laryngeal cancer cells to multiple drugs and cisplatin-induced apoptosis was determined by CCK-8 assay and Annexin-V/propidium iodide staining analysis, respectively. The accumulation of rhodamine 123 (Rh123) in the cells served as an estimate of drug accumulation and was evaluated by flow cytometry (FCM). MDR1/P-gp expression was inhibited using interference RNA, and the expression of the MDR1 gene was analyzed using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. As a result, the sensitivity to multiple chemotherapeutic agents and the apoptosis rate of the hypoxic laryngeal carcinoma cells increased following a decrease in MDR1/P-gp expression (P<0.05). Additionally, FCM analysis of fluorescence intensity indicated that the downregulated expression of MDR1/P-gp markedly increased intracellular Rh123 accumulation (P<0.05). Such results suggest that MDR1/P-gp serves an important role in regulating hypoxia-induced MDR in human laryngeal carcinoma cells through a decrease in intracellular drug accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Li
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Liang Zhou
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Eye and Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, P.R. China
| | - Jiameng Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Eye and Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, P.R. China
| | - Xiyan Xiao
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Eye and Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, P.R. China
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60
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Chand S, O'Hayer K, Blanco FF, Winter JM, Brody JR. The Landscape of Pancreatic Cancer Therapeutic Resistance Mechanisms. Int J Biol Sci 2016; 12:273-82. [PMID: 26929734 PMCID: PMC4753156 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.14951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, PDA) is infamously moving to the top of the list as one of the most lethal cancers with an overall 5 year survival rate of 7%. Multiple genomic-based and molecular characterization studies of PDA specimens and established animal models have provided the field with multiple targets and a progression model of this disease. Still, to date, the best therapeutic options are surgery and combination cytotoxic therapies. In general, even in the best case scenario (i.e., an early stage diagnosis and a response to a specific therapy), most of these fortunate patients' PDA cells acquire or exert resistance mechanisms and eventually kill the patient. Herein, we touch on a growing field of investigation that focuses on PDA cell therapeutic resistance mechanisms. We examine extrinsic elements (i.e., the tumor microenvironment, hypoxia) to the intrinsic processes within the cell (i.e., post-transcriptional gene regulation and somatic mutations) that are important for therapeutic efficacy and resistance. Even as better targeted and personalized approaches move through the clinical trial pipeline the discussed resistance mechanisms will most likely play a role in the management of this deadly disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saswati Chand
- 1. Department of Surgery, The Jefferson Pancreas, Biliary, and Related Cancer Center
| | - Kevin O'Hayer
- 1. Department of Surgery, The Jefferson Pancreas, Biliary, and Related Cancer Center;; 2. Department of Medical Oncology, and the; 3. Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia PA
| | - Fernando F Blanco
- 1. Department of Surgery, The Jefferson Pancreas, Biliary, and Related Cancer Center;; 3. Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia PA
| | - Jordan M Winter
- 1. Department of Surgery, The Jefferson Pancreas, Biliary, and Related Cancer Center
| | - Jonathan R Brody
- 1. Department of Surgery, The Jefferson Pancreas, Biliary, and Related Cancer Center
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61
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Wu S, Wen F, Li Y, Gao X, He S, Liu M, Zhang X, Tian D. PIK3CA and PIK3CB silencing by RNAi reverse MDR and inhibit tumorigenic properties in human colorectal carcinoma. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:8799-809. [PMID: 26747178 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4691-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is the second most common and frequent cause of cancer-related deaths for men and women in the world. PIK3CA and PIK3CB that reverse multidrug resistance (MDR) can serve as predictive and prognostic markers as well as therapeutic targets for CRC treatment. In the present study, we showed that PIK3CA and PIK3CB are upregulated in CRCs and positively correlated with MDR-1, LRP, and GST-π. Long-term monitoring of 316 CRC patients showed that PIK3CA and PIK3CB were associated with poor survival time as shown by Kaplan-Meier analysis. Furthermore, we found that the downregulation of PIK3CA and PIK3CB reversed MDR; inhibited the capability of proliferation, migration, and invasion of CRC cells; and slowed down the CRC tumor growth in nude mice. Consistent with clinical observations, PIK3CA and PIK3CB significantly increase multidrug resistance of CRC cells in vivo. Together, these results suggest that PIK3CA and PIK3CB may be used as potential therapeutic drug targets for colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhua Wu
- The Department of Pathology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, 256603, Binzhou, Shandong Province, China
| | - Feifei Wen
- The Department of Pathology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, 256603, Binzhou, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yangyang Li
- The Department of Pathology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, 256603, Binzhou, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiangqian Gao
- The Department of Pathology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, 256603, Binzhou, Shandong Province, China
| | - Shuang He
- The Department of Pathology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, 256603, Binzhou, Shandong Province, China
| | - Mengyao Liu
- The Department of Pathology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, 256603, Binzhou, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiangzhi Zhang
- The Department of Pathology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, 256603, Binzhou, Shandong Province, China
| | - Dong Tian
- The Department of Pathology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, 256603, Binzhou, Shandong Province, China.
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Karakashev SV, Reginato MJ. Progress toward overcoming hypoxia-induced resistance to solid tumor therapy. Cancer Manag Res 2015; 7:253-64. [PMID: 26316817 PMCID: PMC4542411 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s58285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxic tumors are associated with poor clinical outcome for multiple types of human cancer. This may be due, in part, to hypoxic cancer cells being resistant to anticancer therapy, including radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and targeted therapy. Hypoxia inducible factor 1, a major regulator of cellular response to hypoxia, regulates the expression of genes that are involved in multiple aspects of cancer biology, including cell survival, proliferation, metabolism, invasion, and angiogenesis. Here, we review multiple pathways regulated by hypoxia/hypoxia inducible factor 1 in cancer cells and discuss the latest advancements in overcoming hypoxia-mediated tumor resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey V Karakashev
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mauricio J Reginato
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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63
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Lv Y, Zhao S, Han J, Zheng L, Yang Z, Zhao L. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α induces multidrug resistance protein in colon cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2015; 8:1941-8. [PMID: 26251616 PMCID: PMC4524588 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s82835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidrug resistance is the major cause of chemotherapy failure in many solid tumors, including colon cancer. Hypoxic environment is a feature for all solid tumors and is important for the development of tumor resistance to chemotherapy. Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α is the key transcription factor that mediates cellular response to hypoxia. HIF-1α has been shown to play an important role in tumor resistance; however, the mechanism is still not fully understood. Here, we found that HIF-1α and the drug resistance-associated gene multidrug resistance associated protein 1 (MRP1) were induced by treatment of colon cancer cells with the hypoxia-mimetic agent cobalt chloride. Inhibition of HIF-1α by RNA interference and dominant-negative protein can significantly reduce the induction of MRP1 by hypoxia. Bioinformatics analysis showed that a hypoxia response element is located at −378 to −373 bp upstream of the transcription start site of MRP1 gene. Luciferase reporter assay combined with mutation analysis confirmed that this element is essential for hypoxia-mediated activation of MRP gene. Furthermore, RNA interference revealed that HIF-1α is necessary for this hypoxia-driven activation of MRP1 promoter. Importantly, chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis demonstrated that HIF-1α could directly bind to this HRE site in vivo. Together, these data suggest that MRP1 is a downstream target gene of HIF-1α, which provides a potential novel mechanism for HIF-1α-mediated drug resistance in colon cancer and maybe other solid tumors as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingqian Lv
- Department of Oncology, The Second Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan Zhao
- Department of Oncology, The Second Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinzhu Han
- Department of Oncology, The Second Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Likang Zheng
- Department of Oncology, The Second Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zixin Yang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Oncology, The Second Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China
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64
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Mangia A, Caldarola L, Dell'Endice S, Scarpi E, Saragoni L, Monti M, Santini D, Brunetti O, Simone G, Silvestris N. The potential predictive role of nuclear NHERF1 expression in advanced gastric cancer patients treated with epirubicin/oxaliplatin/capecitabine first line chemotherapy. Cancer Biol Ther 2015; 16:1140-7. [PMID: 26126066 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2015.1056414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular resistance in advanced gastric cancer (GC) might be related to function of multidrug resistance (MDR) proteins. The adaptor protein NHERF1 (Na(+)/H(+) exchanger regulatory factor) is an important player in cancer progression for a number of solid malignancies, even if its role to develop drug resistance remains uncertain. Herein, we aimed to analyze the potential association between NHERF1 expression and P-gp, sorcin and HIF-1α MDR-related proteins in advanced GC patients treated with epirubicin/oxaliplatin/capecitabine (EOX) chemotherapy regimen, and its relation to response. Total number of 28 untreated patients were included into the study. Expression and subcellular localization of all proteins were assessed by immunohistochemistry on formalin-fixed paraffin embedded tumor samples. We did not found significant association between NHERF1 expression and the MDR-related proteins. A trend was observed between positive cytoplasmic NHERF1 (cNHERF1) expression and negative nuclear HIF-1α (nHIF-1α) expression (68.8% versus 31.3% respectively, P = 0.054). However, cytoplasmic P-gp (cP-gp) expression was positively correlated with both cHIF-1α and sorcin expression (P = 0.011; P = 0.002, respectively). Interestingly, nuclear NHERF1 (nNHERF1) staining was statistically associated with clinical response. In detail, 66.7% of patients with high nNHERF1 expression had a disease control rate, while 84.6% of subjects with negative nuclear expression of the protein showed progressive disease (P = 0.009). Multivariate analysis confirmed a significant correlation between nNHERF1 and clinical response (OR 0.06, P = 0.019). These results suggest that nuclear NHERF1 could be related to resistance to the EOX regimen in advanced GC patients, identifying this marker as a possible independent predictive factor.
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Key Words
- Cl, confidence interval
- DCR, disease control rate
- NHERF1/EBP50
- OR, odds ratio
- PD, progression disease
- cHIF-1α, cytoplasmic HIF-1α
- cNHERF1, cytoplasmic NHERF1
- cP-gp, cytoplasmic P-gp
- cSR1, cytoplasmic SR1
- chemotherapy
- gastric cancer
- immunohistochemistry
- mP-gp, membranous P-gp
- multi-drug resistance
- nHIF-1α, nuclear HIF-1α
- nNHERF1, nuclear NHERF1
- predictive factor
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Mangia
- a Functional Biomorphology Laboratory ; National Cancer Research Centre ; Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II"; Bari , Italy
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65
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Oroxylin A inhibits glycolysis-dependent proliferation of human breast cancer via promoting SIRT3-mediated SOD2 transcription and HIF1α destabilization. Cell Death Dis 2015; 6:e1714. [PMID: 25855962 PMCID: PMC4650553 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2015.86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Revised: 02/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Alterations of cellular metabolism play a central role in the development and progression of cancer. Oroxylin A, an active flavonoid of a Chinese traditional medicinal plant, was previously shown to modulate glycolysis in cancer cells. However, the mechanism by which oroxylin A regulates glycolysis is still not well defined. Here, we show that oroxylin A inhibits glycolysis in breast cancer cells via the Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3)-mediated destabilization of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α), which controls glycolytic gene expression. Oroxylin A promotes superoxide dismutase (SOD2) gene expression through SIRT3-regulated DNA-binding activity of FOXO3a and increases the activity of SOD2 by promoting SIRT3-mediated deacetylation. In vivo, oroxylin A inhibits the growth of transplanted human breast tumors associated with glycolytic suppression. These data indicate that oroxylin A inhibits glycolysis-dependent proliferation of breast cancer cells, through the suppression of HIF1α stabilization via SIRT3 activation, providing preclinical information for the cancer therapies of SIRT3 stimulation.
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66
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Rebucci M, Sermeus A, Leonard E, Delaive E, Dieu M, Fransolet M, Arnould T, Michiels C. miRNA-196b inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis in HepG2 cells by targeting IGF2BP1. Mol Cancer 2015; 14:79. [PMID: 25889892 PMCID: PMC4403945 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-015-0349-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tumor hypoxia is one of the features of tumor microenvironment that contributes to chemoresistance. miRNAs have recently been shown to play important roles in tumorigenesis and drug resistance. Moreover, hypoxia also regulates the expression of a series of miRNAs. However, the interaction between chemoresistance, hypoxia and miRNAs has not been explored yet. The aim of this study is to understand the mechanisms activated/inhibited by miRNAs under hypoxia that induce resistance to chemotherapy-induced apoptosis. Methods TaqMan low-density array was used to identify changes in miRNA expression when cells were exposed to etoposide under hypoxia or normoxia. The effects of miR-196b overexpression on apoptosis and cell proliferation were studied in HepG2 cells. miR-196b target mRNAs were identified by proteomic analysis, luciferase activity assay, RT-qPCR and western blot analysis. Results Results showed that hypoxia down-regulated miR-196b expression that was induced by etoposide. miR-196b overexpression increased the etoposide-induced apoptosis and reversed the protection of cell death observed under hypoxia. By a proteomic approach combined with bioinformatics analyses, we identified IGF2BP1 as a potential target of miR-196b. Indeed, miR-196b overexpression decreased IGF2BP1 RNA expression and protein level. The IGF2BP1 down-regulation by either miR-196b or IGF2BP1 siRNA led to an increase in apoptosis and a decrease in cell viability and proliferation in normal culture conditions. However, IGF2BP1 silencing did not modify the chemoresistance induced by hypoxia, probably because it is not the only target of miR-196b involved in the regulation of apoptosis. Conclusions In conclusion, for the first time, we identified IGF2BP1 as a direct and functional target of miR-196b and showed that miR-196b overexpression reverses the chemoresistance induced by hypoxia. These results emphasize that the chemoresistance induced by hypoxia is a complex mechanism. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12943-015-0349-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magali Rebucci
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology (URBC), NARILIS, University of Namur, 61 rue de Bruxelles, 5000, Namur, Belgium.
| | - Audrey Sermeus
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology (URBC), NARILIS, University of Namur, 61 rue de Bruxelles, 5000, Namur, Belgium.
| | - Elodie Leonard
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology (URBC), NARILIS, University of Namur, 61 rue de Bruxelles, 5000, Namur, Belgium.
| | - Edouard Delaive
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology (URBC), NARILIS, University of Namur, 61 rue de Bruxelles, 5000, Namur, Belgium.
| | - Marc Dieu
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology (URBC), NARILIS, University of Namur, 61 rue de Bruxelles, 5000, Namur, Belgium.
| | - Maude Fransolet
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology (URBC), NARILIS, University of Namur, 61 rue de Bruxelles, 5000, Namur, Belgium.
| | - Thierry Arnould
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology (URBC), NARILIS, University of Namur, 61 rue de Bruxelles, 5000, Namur, Belgium.
| | - Carine Michiels
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology (URBC), NARILIS, University of Namur, 61 rue de Bruxelles, 5000, Namur, Belgium.
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Thyroid hormone and P-glycoprotein in tumor cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:168427. [PMID: 25866761 PMCID: PMC4383522 DOI: 10.1155/2015/168427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
P-glycoprotein (P-gp; multidrug resistance pump 1, MDR1; ABCB1) is a plasma membrane efflux pump that when activated in cancer cells exports chemotherapeutic agents. Transcription of the P-gp gene (MDR1) and activity of the P-gp protein are known to be affected by thyroid hormone. A cell surface receptor for thyroid hormone on integrin αvβ3 also binds tetraiodothyroacetic acid (tetrac), a derivative of L-thyroxine (T4) that blocks nongenomic actions of T4 and of 3,5,3′-triiodo-L-thyronine (T3) at αvβ3. Covalently bound to a nanoparticle, tetrac as nanotetrac acts at the integrin to increase intracellular residence time of chemotherapeutic agents such as doxorubicin and etoposide that are substrates of P-gp. This action chemosensitizes cancer cells. In this review, we examine possible molecular mechanisms for the inhibitory effect of nanotetrac on P-gp activity. Mechanisms for consideration include cancer cell acidification via action of tetrac/nanotetrac on the Na+/H+ exchanger (NHE1) and hormone analogue effects on calmodulin-dependent processes and on interactions of P-gp with epidermal growth factor (EGF) and osteopontin (OPN), apparently via αvβ3. Intracellular acidification and decreased H+ efflux induced by tetrac/nanotetrac via NHE1 is the most attractive explanation for the actions on P-gp and consequent increase in cancer cell retention of chemotherapeutic agent-ligands of MDR1 protein.
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68
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Huang SW, Kao JK, Wu CY, Wang ST, Lee HC, Liang SM, Chen YJ, Shieh JJ. Targeting aerobic glycolysis and HIF-1alpha expression enhance imiquimod-induced apoptosis in cancer cells. Oncotarget 2015; 5:1363-81. [PMID: 24658058 PMCID: PMC4012728 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.1734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor cells rely on aerobic glycolysis to maintain unconstrained cell growth and proliferation. Imiquimod (IMQ), a synthetic Toll-like receptor (TLR) 7/8 ligand, exerts anti-tumor effects directly by inducing cell death in cancer cells and/or indirectly by activating cellular immune responses against tumor cells. However, whether IMQ modulates glucose metabolism pathways remains unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that IMQ can enhance aerobic glycolysis by up-regulating HIF-1α expression at the transcriptional and translational levels via ROS mediated STAT3- and Akt-dependent pathways, independent of TLR7/8 signaling. The genetic silencing of HIF-1α not only repressed IMQ-induced aerobic glycolysis but also sensitized cells to IMQ-induced apoptosis due to faster ATP and Mcl-1 depletion. Moreover, the glucose analog 2-DG and the Hsp90 inhibitor 17-AAG, which destabilizes the HIF-1α protein, synergized with IMQ to induce tumor cell apoptosis in vitro and significantly inhibited tumor growth in vivo. Thus, we hypothesize that the IMQ-induced up-regulation of HIF-1α and aerobic glycolysis is a protective response to the metabolic stress generated by IMQ treatment, and thus, co-treatment with inhibitors of HIF-1α and/or glycolysis may be a useful therapeutic strategy to enhance the anti-tumor effects of IMQ in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Wei Huang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
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69
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Nakamura I, Hama S, Itakura S, Takasaki I, Nishi T, Tabuchi Y, Kogure K. Lipocalin2 as a plasma marker for tumors with hypoxic regions. Sci Rep 2014; 4:7235. [PMID: 25467539 PMCID: PMC4252902 DOI: 10.1038/srep07235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxic tumors have been identified as appropriate indicators of tumor malignancy. However, no convenient plasma marker for hypoxic tumors has been described. Therefore, to identify a novel, convenient plasma marker for hypoxic tumors, we used microarray analysis to compare gene expression profiles of normoxic and hypoxic tumor tissues of mice bearing melanomas. Among the upregulated genes detected in hypoxic tumors, we chose to study the secretory protein lipocalin2 (LCN2) as a marker for hypoxic tumors. LCN2 protein levels in the plasma of mice bearing hypoxic tumors were significantly increased compared with those in mice bearing normoxic tumors. Interestingly, LCN2 mRNA levels were 17-fold higher in HIF-1α-positive hypoxic tumors than in HIF-1α-negative normoxic tumors. Furthermore, LCN2 mRNA levels were significantly higher in the B16-F1 cells and various human tumor cells cultured under hypoxic conditions than in cells cultured under normoxic conditions, while no changes in mRNA expression were observed in nontumor NIH-3T3 cells, even under hypoxic conditions. In cultured cells, the expression pattern of LCN2 was mostly consistent with that of HIF-1α, whereas that of a conventional hypoxic marker, carbonic anhydrase IX, was not. Collectively, our data suggested that LCN2 was a useful plasma marker for hypoxic tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibuki Nakamura
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Susumu Hama
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Shoko Itakura
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Ichiro Takasaki
- Division of Molecular Genetics Research, Life Science Research Center, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Takayuki Nishi
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Tabuchi
- Division of Molecular Genetics Research, Life Science Research Center, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Kentaro Kogure
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
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70
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Zhang H, Sun L, Xiao X, Xie R, Liu C, Wang Y, Wei Y, Zhang H, Liu L. Krüppel-like factor 8 contributes to hypoxia-induced MDR in gastric cancer cells. Cancer Sci 2014; 105:1109-15. [PMID: 25040744 PMCID: PMC4462403 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Revised: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that hypoxia-induced MDR in gastric cancer (GC) cells is hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1)-dependent. However, the exact mechanisms are still unknown. Our previous study revealed that Krüppel-like factor 8 (KLF8), a novel transcription factor, was associated with malignant phenotype in GC cells. KLF8 is overexpressed in clear cell renal carcinoma lacking von Hippel-Lindau protein function, which resulted in HIF-1 stabilization. Given this association, we hypothesized that KLF8 contributed to hypoxia-induced MDR in GC cells. Initial experiments revealed that hypoxia could increase KLF8 and HIF-1α expressions in GC cells, and KLF8 levels in GC drug-resistant cell lines were higher than in parental cell lines. Subsequent experiments showed that in normoxia, exogenous KLF8 could promote the MDR phenotype; however, blocking KLF8 expression could effectively reverse the MDR phenotype induced by hypoxia. Overexpressed KLF8 increased resistance-associated gene MDR1 mRNA levels, Bcl-2 and P-gp protein levels, and decreased Bax and caspase-3 protein levels in GC cells, and knockout KLF8 reversed these effects. Dual luciferase reporter and ChIP assays showed that KLF8 could promote MDR1 transcriptional activity by combining with KLF8 binding sites located in the upstream of MDR1 transcriptional start site. These results suggest that KLF8 is involved in hypoxia-induced MDR through inhibiting apoptosis and increasing the drug release rate by directly regulating MDR1 transcription. This study aims to discuss whether KLF8 involves in hypoxia-induced multi-drug resistance and its mechanism. Our results showed that hypoxia could increase KLF8 expression in gastric cancer cells. Meanwhile, we found that KLF8 contributed to hypoxia-induced multi-drug resistance via regulating MDR1 directly. Through this research, we found a new target gene of KLF8 and further clarified the mechanism of multi-drug resistance happened in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China; Department of Tuberculosis Control and Prevention, Xi'an Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xi'an, China
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71
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Liu L, Sun L, Wu K, Shi Y, Wang Y, Wang Y, Zhang N, Zhang H, Zhang H. MGr1-Ag/37LRP promotes growth and proliferation of gastric cancer in vitro and in vivo. Cancer Gene Ther 2014; 21:355-63. [PMID: 25060631 DOI: 10.1038/cgt.2014.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Revised: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Gastric carcinoma (GC) is an aggressive cancer with a poor prognosis. We previously reported that MGr1-Ag was involved in multidrug resistance and anti-apoptosis in GC. However, the exact function of MGr1-Ag in GC proliferation is not clear. In this study, we found that MGr1-Ag was highly expressed in GC tissues and four GC cell lines compared with nontumor gastric tissues or gastric epithelial mucosa cells. The high expression of MGr1-Ag/37LRP was also consistent with the decreased median survival time of GC patients. We employed lenti-mediated RNA interference technique to knock down MGr1-Ag expression in SGC7901 and MKN45 cells, respectively, and observed its effects on GC cells growth in vitro and in vivo. Further study showed that knockdown of MGr1-Ag could inhibit GC cell proliferation by inhibiting the cell cycle S-phase entry and induced apoptosis. Soft agar colony formation assay indicated that the colony formation ability of SGC7901 and MKN45 cells decreased after lenti-MGr1-Ag small interfering RNA (siRNA) infection. Western blot revealed that cyclin D1 and Bcl-2 expression were downregulated whereas p27 and Bax were upregulated in lenti-MGr-siRNA-infected GC cells. Further study demonstrated that the proliferation effect of MGr1-Ag in GC is dependent on its laminin-binding region. Taken together, these data revealed a novel function of MGr1-Ag that can possibly be used as an independent prognostic factor and a potential therapeutic target for GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Liu
- Department of Oncology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - L Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - K Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Y Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Y Wang
- Department of Oncology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Y Wang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - N Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - H Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - H Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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72
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Chen J, Ding Z, Peng Y, Pan F, Li J, Zou L, Zhang Y, Liang H. HIF-1α inhibition reverses multidrug resistance in colon cancer cells via downregulation of MDR1/P-glycoprotein. PLoS One 2014; 9:e98882. [PMID: 24901645 PMCID: PMC4047061 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Multidrug resistance (MDR) is one of the major reasons chemotherapy-based treatments fail. Hypoxia is generally associated with tumor chemoresistance. However, the correlation between the heterodimeric hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) and the multidrug resistance (MDR1) gene/transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp) remains unclear. This study aims to explore the molecular mechanisms of reversing colon cancer MDR by focusing on the target gene HIF-1α. Methods A chemotherapeutic sensitivity assay was used to observe the efficiency of MDR reversal in LoVo multicellular spheroids (MCS). The apoptotic level induced by different drugs was examined by flow cytometry (FCM). Binding of HIF-1α to the MDR1 gene promoter was evaluated by Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP). The relationship between HIF-1α/P-gp expression and sensitivity to chemotherapy was analyzed. Results The sensitivity of LoVo MCS to all four chemotherapy drugs was decreased to varying degrees under hypoxic conditions. After silencing the HIF-1α gene, the sensitivities of LoVo MCS to all four chemotherapy drugs were restored. The apoptotic levels that all the drugs induced were all decreased to various extents in the hypoxic group. After silencing HIF-1α, the apoptosis level induced by all four chemotherapy drugs increased. The expression of HIF-1α and P-gp was significantly enhanced in LoVo MCS after treatment with hypoxia. Inhibiting HIF-1α significantly decreased the expression of MDR1/P-gp mRNA or protein in both the LoVo monolayers and LoVo MCS. The ChIP assay showed that HIF-1α was bound to the MDR1 gene promoter. Advanced colon carcinoma patients with expression of both HIF-1α and P-gp were more resistant to chemotherapy than that with non expression. Conclusions HIF-1α inhibition reverses multidrug resistance in colon cancer cells via downregulation of MDR1/P-gp. The expression of HIF-1α and MDR1/P-gp can be used as a predictive marker for chemotherapy resistance in colon cancer.
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MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B/genetics
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Apoptosis/genetics
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Colonic Neoplasms/genetics
- Colonic Neoplasms/metabolism
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Hypoxia/genetics
- Hypoxia/metabolism
- Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/genetics
- Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/metabolism
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Protein Binding
- RNA Interference
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- Transcription, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfang Chen
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhenyu Ding
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Oncology, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yonghai Peng
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Feng Pan
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianjun Li
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lan Zou
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yanling Zhang
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Houjie Liang
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- * E-mail:
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Cell cycle progression in response to oxygen levels. Cell Mol Life Sci 2014; 71:3569-82. [PMID: 24858415 PMCID: PMC4143607 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-014-1645-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2014] [Revised: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia' or decreases in oxygen availability' results in the activation of a number of different responses at both the whole organism and the cellular level. These responses include drastic changes in gene expression, which allow the organism (or cell) to cope efficiently with the stresses associated with the hypoxic insult. A major breakthrough in the understanding of the cellular response to hypoxia was the discovery of a hypoxia sensitive family of transcription factors known as the hypoxia inducible factors (HIFs). The hypoxia response mounted by the HIFs promotes cell survival and energy conservation. As such, this response has to deal with important cellular process such as cell division. In this review, the integration of oxygen sensing with the cell cycle will be discussed. HIFs, as well as other components of the hypoxia pathway, can influence cell cycle progression. The role of HIF and the cell molecular oxygen sensors in the control of the cell cycle will be reviewed.
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74
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Iovine B, Oliviero G, Garofalo M, Orefice M, Nocella F, Borbone N, Piccialli V, Centore R, Mazzone M, Piccialli G, Bevilacqua MA. The anti-proliferative effect of L-carnosine correlates with a decreased expression of hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha in human colon cancer cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96755. [PMID: 24804733 PMCID: PMC4013086 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years considerable attention has been given to the use of natural substances as anticancer drugs. The natural antioxidant dipeptide L-carnosine belongs to this class of molecules because it has been proved to have a significant anticancer activity both in vitro and in vivo. Previous studies have shown that L-carnosine inhibits the proliferation of human colorectal carcinoma cells by affecting the ATP and Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) production. In the present study we identified the Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1α (HIF-1α) as a possible target of L-carnosine in HCT-116 cell line. HIF-1α protein is over-expressed in multiple types of human cancer and is the major cause of resistance to drugs and radiation in solid tumours. Of particular interest are experimental data supporting the concept that generation of ROS provides a redox signal for HIF-1α induction, and it is known that some antioxidants are able to suppress tumorigenesis by inhibiting HIF-1α. In the current study we found that L-carnosine reduces the HIF-1α protein level affecting its stability and decreases the HIF-1 transcriptional activity. In addition, we demonstrated that L-carnosine is involved in ubiquitin-proteasome system promoting HIF-1α degradation. Finally, we compared the antioxidant activity of L-carnosine with that of two synthetic anti-oxidant bis-diaminotriazoles (namely 1 and 2, respectively). Despite these three compounds have the same ability in reducing intracellular ROS, 1 and 2 are more potent scavengers and have no effect on HIF-1α expression and cancer cell proliferation. These findings suggest that an analysis of L-carnosine antioxidant pathway will clarify the mechanism underlying the anti-proliferative effects of this dipeptide on colon cancer cells. However, although the molecular mechanism by which L-carnosine down regulates or inhibits the HIF-1α activity has not been yet elucidated, this ability may be promising in treating hypoxia-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Iovine
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Giorgia Oliviero
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Mariangela Garofalo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Maria Orefice
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Francesca Nocella
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Nicola Borbone
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Piccialli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Roberto Centore
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Mazzone
- Lab of Molecular Oncology and Angiogenesis, Vesalius Research Center, Leuven, Belgium
- Lab of Molecular Oncology and Angiogenesis, Vesalius Research Center, Department of Oncology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gennaro Piccialli
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Maria Assunta Bevilacqua
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
- * E-mail:
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75
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Kuiper C, Dachs GU, Munn D, Currie MJ, Robinson BA, Pearson JF, Vissers MCM. Increased Tumor Ascorbate is Associated with Extended Disease-Free Survival and Decreased Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1 Activation in Human Colorectal Cancer. Front Oncol 2014; 4:10. [PMID: 24551593 PMCID: PMC3912592 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2014.00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ascorbate is a co-factor for the hydroxylases that regulate the transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1, which provides cancer cells with a metabolic and survival advantage in the hypoxic environment of solid tumors. However, whether ascorbate affects tumor development is a highly debated issue. We aimed to determine whether tumor ascorbate was associated with HIF-1 activation and patient disease-free survival. In this study, we undertook a retrospective observational analysis of tissue-banked tumor and paired normal tissue from 49 colorectal cancer patients, measuring ascorbate levels, HIF-1α and its downstream gene products BNIP3, and vascular endothelial cell growth factor (VEGF). Patient survival was monitored for the first 6 years after surgery. We found that ascorbate levels were lower in tumor tissue compared to normal tissue (p < 0.001) but overall levels varied considerably. HIF-1α, VEGF, and BNIP3 were elevated in tumor samples (p < 0.01). There was an inverse relationship between tumor ascorbate content and HIF-1 pathway activation (p = 0.002) and tumor size (p = 0.018). Higher tumor ascorbate content was associated with significantly improved disease-free survival in the first 6 years after surgery (p = 0.006), with 141–1,094 additional disease-free days. This was independent of tumor grade and stage. Survival advantage was associated with the amount of ascorbate in the tumor, but not with the amount in adjacent normal tissue. Our results demonstrate that higher tumor ascorbate content is associated with decreased HIF-1 activation, most likely due to the co-factor activity of ascorbate for the regulatory HIF hydroxylases. Our findings support the need for future studies to determine whether raising tumor ascorbate is possible with clinical intervention and whether this results in modification of hydroxylase-dependent pathways in the tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Kuiper
- Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago Christchurch , Christchurch , New Zealand
| | - Gabi U Dachs
- Mackenzie Cancer Research Group, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago Christchurch , Christchurch , New Zealand
| | - Delwyn Munn
- Mackenzie Cancer Research Group, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago Christchurch , Christchurch , New Zealand
| | - Margaret J Currie
- Mackenzie Cancer Research Group, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago Christchurch , Christchurch , New Zealand
| | - Bridget A Robinson
- Mackenzie Cancer Research Group, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago Christchurch , Christchurch , New Zealand ; Canterbury Regional Cancer and Blood Service, Canterbury District Health Board, Christchurch Hospital , Christchurch , New Zealand
| | - John F Pearson
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Unit, Department of Public Health and General Practice, University of Otago Christchurch , Christchurch , New Zealand
| | - Margreet C M Vissers
- Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago Christchurch , Christchurch , New Zealand
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76
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TFPI1 mediates resistance to doxorubicin in breast cancer cells by inducing a hypoxic-like response. PLoS One 2014; 9:e84611. [PMID: 24489651 PMCID: PMC3904823 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0084611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2013] [Accepted: 11/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Thrombin and hypoxia are important players in breast cancer progression. Breast cancers often develop drug resistance, but mechanisms linking thrombin and hypoxia to drug resistance remain unresolved. Our studies using Doxorubicin (DOX) resistant MCF7 breast cancer cells reveals a mechanism linking DOX exposure with hypoxic induction of DOX resistance. Global expression changes between parental and DOX resistant MCF7 cells were examined. Westerns, Northerns and immunocytochemistry were used to validate drug resistance and differentially expressed genes. A cluster of genes involved in the anticoagulation pathway, with Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor 1 (TFPI1) the top hit, was identified. Plasmids overexpressing TFPI1 were utilized, and 1% O2 was used to test the effects of hypoxia on drug resistance. Lastly, microarray datasets from patients with drug resistant breast tumors were interrogated for TFPI1 expression levels. TFPI1 protein levels were found elevated in 3 additional DOX resistant cells lines, from humans and rats, indicating evolutionarily conservation of the effect. Elevated TFPI1 in DOX resistant cells was active, as thrombin protein levels were coincidentally low. We observed elevated HIF1α protein in DOX resistant cells, and in cells with forced expression of TFPI1, suggesting TFPI1 induces HIF1α. TFPI1 also induced c-MYC, c-SRC, and HDAC2 protein, as well as DOX resistance in parental cells. Growth of cells in 1% O2 induced elevated HIF1α, BCRP and MDR-1 protein, and these cells were resistant to DOX. Our in vitro results were consistent with in vivo patient datasets, as tumors harboring increased BCRP and MDR-1 expression also had increased TFPI1 expression. Our observations are clinically relevant indicating that DOX treatment induces an anticoagulation cascade, leading to inhibition of thrombin and the expression of HIF1α. This in turn activates a pathway leading to drug resistance.
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77
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Abstract
Hypoxia is a significant feature of solid tumor cancers. Hypoxia leads to a more malignant phenotype that is resistant to chemotherapy and radiation, is more invasive and has greater metastatic potential. Hypoxia activates the hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) pathway, which mediates the biological effects of hypoxia in tissues. The HIF complex acts as a transcription factor for many genes that increase tumor survival and proliferation. To date, many HIF pathway inhibitors indirectly affect HIF but there have been no clinically approved direct HIF inhibitors. This can be attributed to the complexity of the HIF pathway, as well as to the challenges of inhibiting protein-protein interactions.
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78
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Strese S, Fryknäs M, Larsson R, Gullbo J. Effects of hypoxia on human cancer cell line chemosensitivity. BMC Cancer 2013; 13:331. [PMID: 23829203 PMCID: PMC3707755 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-13-331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Accepted: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Environment inside even a small tumor is characterized by total (anoxia) or partial oxygen deprivation, (hypoxia). It has been shown that radiotherapy and some conventional chemotherapies may be less effective in hypoxia, and therefore it is important to investigate how different drugs act in different microenvironments. In this study we perform a large screening of the effects of 19 clinically used or experimental chemotherapeutic drugs on five different cell lines in conditions of normoxia, hypoxia and anoxia. Methods A panel of 19 commercially available drugs: 5-fluorouracil, acriflavine, bortezomib, cisplatin, digitoxin, digoxin, docetaxel, doxorubicin, etoposide, gemcitabine, irinotecan, melphalan, mitomycin c, rapamycin, sorafenib, thalidomide, tirapazamine, topotecan and vincristine were tested for cytotoxic activity on the cancer cell lines A2780 (ovarian), ACHN (renal), MCF-7 (breast), H69 (SCLC) and U-937 (lymphoma). Parallel aliquots of the cells were grown at different oxygen pressures and after 72 hours of drug exposure viability was measured with the fluorometric microculture cytotoxicity assay (FMCA). Results Sorafenib, irinotecan and docetaxel were in general more effective in an oxygenated environment, while cisplatin, mitomycin c and tirapazamine were more effective in a low oxygen environment. Surprisingly, hypoxia in H69 and MCF-7 cells mostly rendered higher drug sensitivity. In contrast ACHN appeared more sensitive to hypoxia, giving slower proliferating cells, and consequently, was more resistant to most drugs. Conclusions A panel of standard cytotoxic agents was tested against five different human cancer cell lines cultivated at normoxic, hypoxic and anoxic conditions. Results show that impaired chemosensitivity is not universal, in contrast different cell lines behave different and some drugs appear even less effective in normoxia than hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Strese
- Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Akademiska Sjukhuset, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
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79
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Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) remains one of the most common cancers worldwide. Its prevalence is still on the rise in the developing countries due to the ageing population. The cancer stem cell (CSC) theory provides a new insight into the interpretation of tumor initiation, aggressive growth, recurrence, and metastasis of cancer, as well as the development of new strategies for cancer treatment. This review will focus on the progress of biomarkers and signaling pathways of CSCs, the complex crosstalk networks between the microenvironment and CSCs, and the development of therapeutic approaches against CSCs, predominantly focusing on GC.
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80
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Adamski J, Price A, Dive C, Makin G. Hypoxia-induced cytotoxic drug resistance in osteosarcoma is independent of HIF-1Alpha. PLoS One 2013; 8:e65304. [PMID: 23785417 PMCID: PMC3681794 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Survival rates from childhood cancer have improved dramatically in the last 40 years, such that over 80% of children are now cured. However in certain subgroups, including metastatic osteosarcoma, survival has remained stubbornly poor, despite dose intensive multi-agent chemotherapy regimens, and new therapeutic approaches are needed. Hypoxia is common in adult solid tumours and is associated with treatment resistance and poorer outcome. Hypoxia induces chemotherapy resistance in paediatric tumours including neuroblastoma, rhabdomyosarcoma and Ewing’s sarcoma, in vitro, and this drug resistance is dependent on the oxygen-regulated transcription factor hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1). In this study the effects of hypoxia on the response of the osteosarcoma cell lines 791T, HOS and U2OS to the clinically relevant cytotoxics cisplatin, doxorubicin and etoposide were evaluated. Significant hypoxia-induced resistance to all three agents was seen in all three cell lines and hypoxia significantly reduced drug-induced apoptosis. Hypoxia also attenuated drug-induced activation of p53 in the p53 wild-type U2OS osteosarcoma cells. Drug resistance was not induced by HIF-1α stabilisation in normoxia by cobalt chloride nor reversed by the suppression of HIF-1α in hypoxia by shRNAi, siRNA, dominant negative HIF or inhibition with the small molecule NSC-134754, strongly suggesting that hypoxia-induced drug resistance in osteosarcoma cells is independent of HIF-1α. Inhibition of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway using the inhibitor PI-103 did not reverse hypoxia-induced drug resistance, suggesting the hypoxic activation of Akt in osteosarcoma cells does not play a significant role in hypoxia-induced drug resistance. Targeting hypoxia is an exciting prospect to improve current anti-cancer therapy and combat drug resistance. Significant hypoxia-induced drug resistance in osteosarcoma cells highlights the potential importance of hypoxia as a target to reverse drug resistance in paediatric osteosarcoma. The novel finding of HIF-1α independent drug resistance suggests however other hypoxia related targets may be more relevant in paediatric osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Adamski
- Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology, Paterson Institute for Cancer Research, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Department of Paediatric Oncology, Royal Manchester Children’s Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Price
- Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology, Paterson Institute for Cancer Research, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline Dive
- Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology, Paterson Institute for Cancer Research, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Guy Makin
- Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology, Paterson Institute for Cancer Research, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Department of Paediatric Oncology, Royal Manchester Children’s Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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81
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Xie J, Li DAW, Chen XW, Wang F, Dong P. Expression and significance of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α and MDR1/P-glycoprotein in laryngeal carcinoma tissue and hypoxic Hep-2 cells. Oncol Lett 2013; 6:232-238. [PMID: 23946810 PMCID: PMC3742502 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2013.1321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2012] [Accepted: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and MDR1/P-glycoprotein (P-gp) in human laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) tissues, and also to investigate the regulation of MDR1 gene expression by HIF-1α in Hep-2 cells under hypoxic conditions. The expression of HIF-1α and MDR1/P-gp in human LSCC tissues was examined using immunohistochemistry. The HIF-1α and MDR1 gene expression in the Hep-2 cells was detected using real-time quantitative reverse transcription (QRT)-PCR and western blot analysis under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. In hypoxia, HIF-1α expression was inhibited by RNA interference. HIF-1α and MDR1/P-gp expression was high in the LSCC tissues and was associated with the clinical stage and lymph node metastasis (P<0.05). HIF-1α expression was positively correlated with MDR1/P-gp expression (P<0.01). In the Hep-2 cells, HIF-1α and MDR1/P-gp expression significantly increased in response to hypoxia. The inhibition of HIF-1α expression synergistically downregulated the expression of the MDR1 gene in hypoxic Hep-2 cells. HIF-1α expression is positively correlated with MDR1/P-gp expression in LSCC, and the two proteins may be able to serve as potential biomarkers for predicting the malignant progression and metastasis of LSCC. HIF-1α may be critical for the upregulation of MDR1 gene expression induced by hypoxia in Hep-2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Xie
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated First People's Hospital, Shanghai 200080
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82
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ADAM17 mediates hypoxia-induced drug resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma cells through activation of EGFR/PI3K/Akt pathway. Mol Cell Biochem 2013; 380:57-66. [PMID: 23625205 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-013-1657-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2013] [Accepted: 04/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
A disintegrin and metalloproteinase-17 (ADAM17) is a member of the metalloproteinase superfamily and involved in the cleavage of ectodomain of many transmembrane proteins. ADAM17 is overexpressed in a variety of human tumors, which is associated with tumor development and progression. In the present study, we sought to investigate the expression and function of ADAM17 in hypoxia-treated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. Western blot analysis was used to measure the expression of ADAM17 in HCC cell lines (Hep3B and HepG2 cells). Annexin V/PI double staining was performed to analyze the effects of ADAM17 on hypoxia-mediated cisplatin resistance. ADAM17 expression was upregulated by hypoxia treatment in HCC cells at both mRNA and protein levels. Overexpression of ADAM17 reduced cisplatin-induced apoptosis in HCC cells, accompanies by less cleavage of caspase-3 and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). Forced expression of ADAM17 enhanced the phosphorylation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and Akt without affecting the expression of total EGFR and Akt. Pretreatment with EGFR inhibitor AG1478 or phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor LY294002 rescued ADAM17-mediated cisplatin resistance of HCC cells. ADAM17 silencing attenuated hypoxia-induced cisplatin resistance and enhanced the accumulation of cleaved caspase-3 and PARP. Western blot analysis showed that overexpression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), a transcription factor, upregulated the expression of ADAM17 and HIF-1α silencing downregulated the expression of ADAM17 in hypoxia-treated HCC cells, indicating the regulation of ADAM17 by HIF-1α. Taken together, our results indicated that ADAM17 is upregulated by hypoxia and contributes to hypoxia-induced cisplatin resistance via EGFR/PI3K/Akt pathway.
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83
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Singh SR. Gastric cancer stem cells: a novel therapeutic target. Cancer Lett 2013; 338:110-9. [PMID: 23583679 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2013.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2013] [Revised: 03/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer remains one of the leading causes of global cancer mortality. Multipotent gastric stem cells have been identified in both mouse and human stomachs, and they play an essential role in the self-renewal and homeostasis of gastric mucosa. There are several environmental and genetic factors known to promote gastric cancer. In recent years, numerous in vitro and in vivo studies suggest that gastric cancer may originate from normal stem cells or bone marrow-derived mesenchymal cells, and that gastric tumors contain cancer stem cells. Cancer stem cells are believed to share a common microenvironment with normal niche, which play an important role in gastric cancer and tumor growth. This mini-review presents a brief overview of the recent developments in gastric cancer stem cell research. The knowledge gained by studying cancer stem cells in gastric mucosa will support the development of novel therapeutic strategies for gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shree Ram Singh
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
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84
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Chhunchha B, Fatma N, Kubo E, Rai P, Singh SP, Singh DP. Curcumin abates hypoxia-induced oxidative stress based-ER stress-mediated cell death in mouse hippocampal cells (HT22) by controlling Prdx6 and NF-κB regulation. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2013; 304:C636-55. [PMID: 23364261 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00345.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress are emerging as crucial events in the etiopathology of many neurodegenerative diseases. While the neuroprotective contributions of the dietary compound curcumin has been recognized, the molecular mechanisms underlying curcumin's neuroprotection under oxidative and ER stresses remains elusive. Herein, we show that curcumin protects HT22 from oxidative and ER stresses evoked by the hypoxia (1% O(2) or CoCl(2) treatment) by enhancing peroxiredoxin 6 (Prdx6) expression. Cells exposed to CoCl(2) displayed reduced expression of Prdx6 with higher reactive oxygen species (ROS) expression and activation of NF-κB with IκB phosphorylation. When NF-κB activity was blocked by using SN50, an inhibitor of NF-κB, or cells treated with curcumin, the repression of Prdx6 expression was restored, suggesting the involvement of NF-κB in modulating Prdx6 expression. These cells were enriched with an accumulation of ER stress proteins, C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), GRP/78, and calreticulin, and had activated states of caspases 12, 9, and 3. Reinforced expression of Prdx6 in HT22 cells by curcumin reestablished survival signaling by reducing propagation of ROS and blunting ER stress signaling. Intriguingly, knockdown of Prdx6 by antisense revealed that loss of Prdx6 contributed to cell death by sustaining enhanced levels of ER stress-responsive proapoptotic proteins, which was due to elevated ROS production, suggesting that Prdx6 deficiency is a cause of initiation of ROS-mediated ER stress-induced apoptosis. We propose that using curcumin to reinforce the naturally occurring Prdx6 expression and attenuate ROS-based ER stress and NF-κB-mediated aberrant signaling improves cell survival and may provide an avenue to treat and/or postpone diseases associated with ROS or ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavana Chhunchha
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
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85
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Saponaro C, Malfettone A, Ranieri G, Danza K, Simone G, Paradiso A, Mangia A. VEGF, HIF-1α expression and MVD as an angiogenic network in familial breast cancer. PLoS One 2013; 8:e53070. [PMID: 23326384 PMCID: PMC3543407 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2012] [Accepted: 11/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis, which plays an important role in tumor growth and progression of breast cancer, is regulated by a balance between pro- and anti-angiogenic factors. Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is up-regulated during hypoxia by hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α). It is known that there is an interaction between HIF-1α and BRCA1 carrier cancers, but little has been reported about angiogenesis in BRCA1-2 carrier and BRCAX breast cancers. In this study, we investigated the expression of VEGF and HIF-1α and microvessel density (MVD) in 26 BRCA1-2 carriers and 58 BRCAX compared to 77 sporadic breast cancers, by immunohistochemistry. VEGF expression in BRCA1-2 carriers was higher than in BRCAX cancer tissues (p = 0.0001). Furthermore, VEGF expression was higher in both BRCA1-2 carriers and BRCAX than the sporadic group (p<0.0001). VEGF immunoreactivity was correlated with poor tumor grade (p = 0.0074), hormone receptors negativity (p = 0.0206, p = 0.0002 respectively), and MIB-1-labeling index (p = 0.0044) in familial cancers (BRCA1-2 and BRCAX). The percentage of nuclear HIF-1α expression was higher in the BRCA1-2 carriers than in BRCAX cancers (p<0.05), and in all familial than in sporadic tumor tissues (p = 0.0045). A higher MVD was observed in BRCA1-2 carrier than in BRCAX and sporadic cancer tissues (p = 0.002, p = 0.0001 respectively), and in all familial tumors than in sporadic tumors (p = 0.01). MVD was positively related to HIF-1α expression in BRCA1-2 carriers (r = 0.521, p = 0.006), and, in particular, we observed a highly significant correlation in the familial group (r = 0.421, p<0.0001). Our findings suggest that angiogenesis plays a crucial role in BRCA1-2 carrier breast cancers. Prospective studies in larger BRCA1-2 carrier series are needed to improve the best therapeutic strategies for this subgroup of breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Concetta Saponaro
- Functional Biomorphology Laboratory, National Cancer Research Centre, Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II”, Bari, Italy
| | - Andrea Malfettone
- Functional Biomorphology Laboratory, National Cancer Research Centre, Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II”, Bari, Italy
| | - Girolamo Ranieri
- Unit of Interventional Radiology, National Cancer Research Centre, Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II”, Bari, Italy
| | - Katia Danza
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, National Cancer Research Centre, Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II”, Bari, Italy
| | - Giovanni Simone
- Pathology Department, National Cancer Research Centre, Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II”, Bari, Italy
| | - Angelo Paradiso
- Scientific Direction, National Cancer Research Centre, Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II”, Bari, Italy
| | - Anita Mangia
- Functional Biomorphology Laboratory, National Cancer Research Centre, Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II”, Bari, Italy
- * E-mail:
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86
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The Critical Impact of HIF-1a on Gastric Cancer Biology. Cancers (Basel) 2013; 5:15-26. [PMID: 24216696 PMCID: PMC3730315 DOI: 10.3390/cancers5010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2012] [Revised: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 01/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) monitors the cellular response to the oxygen levels in solid tumors. Under hypoxia conditions, HIF-1α protein is stabilized and forms a heterodimer with the HIF-1β subunit. The HIF-1 complex activates the transcription of numerous target genes in order to adapt the hypoxic environment in human cancer cells. In gastric cancer patients, HIF-1α activation following extended hypoxia strongly correlates with an aggressive tumor phenotype and a poor prognosis. HIF-1α activation has been also reported to occur via hypoxia-independent mechanisms such as PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling and ROS production. This article argues for the critical roles of HIF-1α in glucose metabolism, carcinogenesis, angiogenesis, invasion, metastasis, cell survival and chemoresistance, focusing on gastric cancer.
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87
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Sermeus A, Genin M, Maincent A, Fransolet M, Notte A, Leclere L, Riquier H, Arnould T, Michiels C. Hypoxia-induced modulation of apoptosis and BCL-2 family proteins in different cancer cell types. PLoS One 2012; 7:e47519. [PMID: 23139748 PMCID: PMC3489905 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0047519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2012] [Accepted: 09/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia plays an important role in the resistance of tumour cells to chemotherapy. However, the exact mechanisms underlying this process are not well understood. Moreover, according to the cell lines, hypoxia differently influences cell death. The study of the effects of hypoxia on the apoptosis induced by 5 chemotherapeutic drugs in 7 cancer cell types showed that hypoxia generally inhibited the drug-induced apoptosis. In most cases, the effect of hypoxia was the same for all the drugs in one cell type. The expression profile of 93 genes involved in apoptosis as well as the protein level of BCL-2 family proteins were then investigated. In HepG2 cells that are strongly protected against cell death by hypoxia, hypoxia decreased the abundance of nearly all the pro-apoptotic BCL-2 family proteins while none of them are decreased in A549 cells that are not protected against cell death by hypoxia. In HepG2 cells, hypoxia decreased NOXA and BAD abundance and modified the electrophoretic mobility of BIMEL. BIM and NOXA are important mediators of etoposide-induced cell death in HepG2 cells and the hypoxia-induced modification of these proteins abundance or post-translational modifications partly account for chemoresistance. Finally, the modulation of the abundance and/or of the post-translational modifications of most proteins of the BCL-2 family by hypoxia involves p53-dependent and –independent pathways and is cell type-dependent. A better understanding of these cell-to-cell variations is crucial in order to overcome hypoxia-induced resistance and to ameliorate cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Sermeus
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology (URBC), NARILIS, University of Namur – FUNDP, Belgium
| | - Marie Genin
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology (URBC), NARILIS, University of Namur – FUNDP, Belgium
| | - Amélie Maincent
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology (URBC), NARILIS, University of Namur – FUNDP, Belgium
| | - Maude Fransolet
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology (URBC), NARILIS, University of Namur – FUNDP, Belgium
| | - Annick Notte
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology (URBC), NARILIS, University of Namur – FUNDP, Belgium
| | - Lionel Leclere
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology (URBC), NARILIS, University of Namur – FUNDP, Belgium
| | - Hélène Riquier
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology (URBC), NARILIS, University of Namur – FUNDP, Belgium
| | - Thierry Arnould
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology (URBC), NARILIS, University of Namur – FUNDP, Belgium
| | - Carine Michiels
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology (URBC), NARILIS, University of Namur – FUNDP, Belgium
- * E-mail:
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88
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Chou CW, Wang CC, Wu CP, Lin YJ, Lee YC, Cheng YW, Hsieh CH. Tumor cycling hypoxia induces chemoresistance in glioblastoma multiforme by upregulating the expression and function of ABCB1. Neuro Oncol 2012; 14:1227-38. [PMID: 22946104 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nos195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor cycling hypoxia is now a well-recognized phenomenon in animal and human solid tumors. However, how tumor cycling hypoxia impacts chemotherapy is unclear. In the present study, we explored the impact and the mechanism of cycling hypoxia on tumor microenvironment-mediated chemoresistance. Hoechst 33342 staining and hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) activation labeling together with immunofluorescence imaging and fluorescence-activated cell sorting were used to isolate hypoxic tumor subpopulations from human glioblastoma xenografts. ABCB1 expression, P-glycoprotein function, and chemosensitivity in tumor cells derived from human glioblastoma xenografts or in vitro cycling hypoxic stress-treated glioblastoma cells were determined using Western blot analysis, drug accumulation and efflux assays, and MTT assay, respectively. ABCB1 expression and P-glycoprotein function were upregulated under cycling hypoxia in glioblastoma cells concomitant with decreased responses to doxorubicin and BCNU. However, ABCB1 knockdown inhibited these effects. Moreover, immunofluorescence imaging and flow cytometric analysis for ABCB1, HIF-1 activation, and Hoechst 3342 in glioblastoma revealed highly localized ABCB1 expression predominantly in potentially cycling hypoxic areas with HIF-1 activation and blood perfusion in the solid tumor microenvironment. The cycling hypoxic tumor cells derived from glioblastoma xenografts exhibited higher ABCB1 expression, P-glycoprotein function, and chemoresistance, compared with chronic hypoxic and normoxic cells. Tumor-bearing mice that received YC-1, an HIF-1α inhibitor, exhibited suppressed tumor microenvironment-induced ABCB1 induction and enhanced survival rate in BCNU chemotherapy. Cycling hypoxia plays a vital role in tumor microenvironment-mediated chemoresistance through the HIF-1-dependent induction of ABCB1. HIF-1 blockade before and concurrent with chemotherapy could suppress cycling hypoxia-induced chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chii-Wen Chou
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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89
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Altman BJ, Rathmell JC. Metabolic stress in autophagy and cell death pathways. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2012; 4:a008763. [PMID: 22952396 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a008763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Growth factors and oncogenic kinases play important roles in stimulating cell growth during development and transformation. These processes have significant energetic and synthetic requirements and it is apparent that a central function of growth signals is to promote glucose metabolism to support these demands. Because metabolic pathways represent a fundamental aspect of cell proliferation and survival, there is considerable interest in targeting metabolism as a means to eliminate cancer. A challenge, however, is that molecular links between metabolic stress and cell death are poorly understood. Here we review current literature on how cells cope with metabolic stress and how autophagy, apoptosis, and necrosis are tightly linked to cell metabolism. Ultimately, understanding of the interplay between nutrients, autophagy, and cell death will be a key component in development of new treatment strategies to exploit the altered metabolism of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Altman
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
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90
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Chen M, Huang SL, Zhang XQ, Zhang B, Zhu H, Yang VW, Zou XP. Reversal effects of pantoprazole on multidrug resistance in human gastric adenocarcinoma cells by down-regulating the V-ATPases/mTOR/HIF-1α/P-gp and MRP1 signaling pathway in vitro and in vivo. J Cell Biochem 2012; 113:2474-87. [PMID: 22396185 PMCID: PMC3762681 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
To investigate reversal effects of pantoprazole (PPZ) on multidrug resistance (MDR) in human gastric adenocarcinoma cells in vivo and in vitro. Human gastric adenocarcinoma cell SGC7901 was cultured in RPMI-1640 medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum and antibiotics in a humidified 5% CO(2) atmosphere at 37°C. Adriamycin (ADR)-resistant cells were cultured with addition of 0.8 µg/ml of ADR maintaining MDR phenotype. ADR was used to calculate ADR releasing index; CCK-8 Assay was performed to evaluate the cytotoxicity of anti-tumor drugs; BCECF-AM pH-sensitive fluorescent probe was used to measure intracellular pH (pHi) value of cells, whereas pH value of medium was considered as extracellular pH (pHe) value; Western blotting and immunofluorescent staining analyses were employed to determine protein expressions and intracellular distributions of vacuolar H(+) -ATPases (V-ATPases), mTOR, HIF-1α, P-glycoprotein (P-gp), and multidrug resistant protein 1 (MRP1); SGC7901 and SGC7901/ADR cells were inoculated in athymic nude mice. Thereafter, effects of ADR with or without PPZ pretreatment were compared by determining the tumor size and weight, apoptotic cells in tumor tissues were detected by TUNEL assay. At concentrations greater than 20 µg/ml, PPZ pretreatment reduced ADR releasing index and significantly enhanced intracellular ADR concentration of SGC7901 (P < 0.01). Similarly, PPZ pretreatment significantly decreased ADR releasing index of SGC7901/ADR dose-dependently (P < 0.01). PPZ pretreatment also decreased cell viabilities of SGG7901 and SGC7901/ADR dose-dependently. After 24-h PPZ pretreatment, administration of chemotherapeutic agents demonstrated maximal cytotoxic effects on SGC7901 and SGC7901/ADR cells (P < 0.05). The resistance index in PPZ pretreatment group was significantly lower than that in non-PPZ pretreatment group (3.71 vs. 14.80). PPZ at concentration >10 µg/ml significantly decreased pHi in SGC7901 and SGC7901/ADR cells and diminished or reversed transmembrane pH gradient (P < 0.05). PPZ pretreatment also significantly inhibited protein expressions of V-ATPases, mTOR, HIF-1α, P-gp, and MRP1, and alter intracellular expressions in parent and ADR-resistant cells (P < 0.05). In vivo experiments further confirmed that PPZ pretreatment could enhance anti-tumor effects of ADR on xenografted tumor of nude mice and also improve the apoptotic index in xenografted tumor tissues. PPZ pretreatment enhances the cytotoxic effects of anti-tumor drugs on SGC7901 and reverse MDR of SGC7901/ADR by downregulating the V-ATPases/mTOR/HIF-1α/P-gp and MRP1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University, Medical School, Nanjing 210008, P.R. China
| | - Shu-Ling Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University, Medical School, Nanjing 210008, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Qi Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University, Medical School, Nanjing 210008, P.R. China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University, Medical School, Nanjing 210008, P.R. China
| | - Hao Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University, Medical School, Nanjing 210008, P.R. China
| | - Vincent W. Yang
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Xiao-Ping Zou
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University, Medical School, Nanjing 210008, P.R. China
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91
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Mao ZJ, Tang QJ, Zhang CA, Qin ZF, Pang B, Wei PK, Liu B, Chou YN. Anti-proliferation and anti-invasion effects of diosgenin on gastric cancer BGC-823 cells with HIF-1α shRNAs. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:6521-6533. [PMID: 22754381 PMCID: PMC3382793 DOI: 10.3390/ijms13056521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2012] [Revised: 04/02/2012] [Accepted: 05/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance is a major factor for the limited efficacy of chemotherapy in gastric cancer treatment. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), a central transcriptional factor in hypoxia, is suggested to participate in the resistance. Here, we identified a hypoxia-mimic (cobalt chloride) sensitive gastric cell line BGC-823 to explore whether diosgenin, an aglycone of steroidal saponins, can inhibit cancer cell invasion and survival of solid tumor in a hypoxic mimic microenvironment. We have shown that diosgenin is a potent candidate for decreasing the ability of invasion and survival in cobalt chloride treated BGC-823 cells. In addition, when combined with HIF-1α specific short hairpin RNA (shRNA), diosgenin can inhibit BGC-823 cells more effectively. The anti-invasion role of diosgenin may be related to E-cadherin, integrinα5 and integrin β6. These results suggest that diosgenin may be a useful compound in controlling gastric cancer cells in hypoxia condition, especially when combined with down-regulated HIF-1α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu-Jun Mao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Longhua Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese medicine, Shanghai 200032, China; E-Mails: (Z.-J.M.); (Q.-J.T.)
| | - Qian-Jue Tang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Longhua Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese medicine, Shanghai 200032, China; E-Mails: (Z.-J.M.); (Q.-J.T.)
| | - Ci-An Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese medicine, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Senond Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China; E-Mails: (C.-A.Z.); (Z.-F.Q.)
| | - Zhi-Feng Qin
- Department of Traditional Chinese medicine, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Senond Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China; E-Mails: (C.-A.Z.); (Z.-F.Q.)
| | - Bin Pang
- Air Force Center of Aviation Medical Evaluation and Training, Dujiangyan 611833, China; E-Mail:
| | - Pin-kang Wei
- Department of Traditional Chinese medicine, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Senond Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China; E-Mails: (C.-A.Z.); (Z.-F.Q.)
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (P.W.); (B.L.); Tel./Fax: +86-21-8188-5476 (P.W.)
| | - Bo Liu
- Cardiovascular Department, Shanghai ChangHai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (P.W.); (B.L.); Tel./Fax: +86-21-8188-5476 (P.W.)
| | - Yuan-Neng Chou
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; E-Mail:
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92
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Onishi H, Morifuji Y, Kai M, Suyama K, Iwasaki H, Katano M. Hedgehog inhibitor decreases chemosensitivity to 5-fluorouracil and gemcitabine under hypoxic conditions in pancreatic cancer. Cancer Sci 2012; 103:1272-9. [PMID: 22486854 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2012.02297.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2012] [Revised: 04/04/2012] [Accepted: 04/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the deadliest types of cancer. Previously, we showed that hypoxia increases invasiveness through upregulation of Smoothened (Smo) transcription in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells. Here, we first evaluated whether hypoxia-induced increase in Smo contributes to the proliferation of PDAC cells. We showed that Smo, but not Gli1, inhibition decreases proliferation significantly under hypoxic conditions. To further investigate the effects of Smo on PDAC growth, cell cycle analysis was carried out. Inhibition of Smo under hypoxia led to G(0) /G(1) arrest and decreased S phase. As 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and gemcitabine, which are first-line drugs for pancreatic cancer, are sensitive to S phase, we then evaluated whether cyclopamine-induced decreased S phase under hypoxia affected the chemosensitivity of 5-FU and gemcitabine in PDAC cells. Cyclopamine treatment under hypoxia significantly decreased chemosensitivity to 5-FU and gemcitabine under hypoxia in both in vitro and in vivo models. In contrast, cis-diamminedichloroplatinum, which is cell cycle-independent, showed significant synergistic effects. These results suggest that hypoxia-induced increase of Smo directly contributes to the proliferation of PDAC cells through a hedgehog/Gli1-independent pathway, and that decreased S phase due to the use of Smo inhibitor under hypoxia leads to chemoresistance in S phase-sensitive anticancer drugs. Our results could be very important clinically because a clinical trial using Smo inhibitors and chemotherapy drugs will begin in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideya Onishi
- Department of Cancer Therapy and Research, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
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93
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Semenza GL. Hypoxia-inducible factors: mediators of cancer progression and targets for cancer therapy. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2012; 33:207-14. [PMID: 22398146 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2012.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1102] [Impact Index Per Article: 91.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2011] [Revised: 01/24/2012] [Accepted: 01/27/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) mediate adaptive physiological responses to hypoxia. In human cancers that are accessible for O(2) electrode measurements, intratumoral hypoxia is common and severe hypoxia is associated with increased risk of mortality. HIF activity in regions of intratumoral hypoxia mediates angiogenesis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, stem-cell maintenance, invasion, metastasis, and resistance to radiation therapy and chemotherapy. A growing number of drugs have been identified that inhibit HIF activity by a variety of molecular mechanisms. Because many of these drugs are already FDA-approved for other indications, clinical trials can (and should) be initiated to test the hypothesis that incorporation of HIF inhibitors into current standard-of-care therapy will increase the survival of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregg L Semenza
- Vascular Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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94
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Chen Y, Yang Y, Yuan Z, Wang C, Shi Y. Predicting chemosensitivity in osteosarcoma prior to chemotherapy: An investigational study of biomarkers with immunohistochemistry. Oncol Lett 2012; 3:1011-1016. [PMID: 22783382 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2012.604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2011] [Accepted: 01/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma has one of the worst prognoses in adolescents; only 20-60% of patients have high rates of histological necrosis with intensive neoadjuvant chemotherapy. In this study, we investigated the prognostic values of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 α (HIF-1α), apurinic endonuclease 1 (APE1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and cycloogenase-2 (COX-2) protein expression and their predictive value of tumor necrosis rate and prognosis, as well as their interrelationships. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue samples were obtained from 49 patients with osteosarcoma. Immunohistochemistry assays were performed in pre-chemotherapy samples to determine HIF-1α, VEGF, APE1 and COX-2 protein expression levels and hematoxylin and eosin staining was performed in post-operative samples to determine the tumor necrosis rate. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to assess the impact of protein expression on prognosis. HIF-1α was significantly correlated with every protein we tested: VEGF (P=0.032), APE1 (P<0.001) and COX-2 (P<0.001). HIF-1α protein expression had a significant impact on disease-free survival (P=0.006). Expression of HIF-1α had a sensitivity of 64.7% and a specificity of 71.9% for a poor pathological response (<90% tumor necrosis) versus a good pathological response (≥90% tumor necrosis). In conclusion, expression of HIF-1α is a predictor of tumor response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy and outcome in osteosarcoma, and correlates with VEGF, APE1 and COX-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Chen
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
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95
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Liu L, Zhang N, Liu J, Min J, Ma N, Liu N, Liu Y, Zhang H. Lentivirus-mediated siRNA interference targeting SGO-1 inhibits human NSCLC cell growth. Tumour Biol 2011; 33:515-21. [PMID: 22161216 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-011-0284-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2011] [Accepted: 11/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aneuploid is recognized as a hallmark of cancer and is caused by chromosome mis-segregation during mitosis. Recent studies have identified shugoshin (SGO-1) as an important player in proper chromosome segregation and the involvement in tumorigenesis. But, little is known about how SGO-1 is involved. The aim of this study was to obtain information about the role of SGO-1 in human lung cancer cells. In our study, real-time PCR and western blotting assay were performed to detect the expression of SGO-1 in nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines. Then, we successfully constructed a lentivirus vector mediating RNAi targeting of SGO-1 (LV-SGO-1 siRNA) and proved that it can suppress the expression of SGO-1 gene in H1299 cells. We found that SGO-1 was highly expressed in NSCLC cancer cell lines. RNA interference of SGO-1 by the LV-SGO-1 siRNA construct significantly decreased SGO-1 protein expression and inhibited the growth and ability of forming colonies of H1299 cells with more cells arrested in G2/M phase, but lentivirus vector control had no effect on H1299 cells. Moreover, suppression of SGO-1 by LV-SGO-1 siRNA increased the apoptosis of H1299 cells with down-regulated Bcl-2 and up-regulated Bax. SGO-1 may provide a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of lung cancer since it inhibits the growth and increases the apoptosis of lung cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Liu
- Department of Oncology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 1 Xinsi Road, Xi'an, 710038, China
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96
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Cipro Š, Hřebačková J, Hraběta J, Poljaková J, Eckschlager T. Valproic acid overcomes hypoxia-induced resistance to apoptosis. Oncol Rep 2011; 27:1219-26. [PMID: 22159638 PMCID: PMC3583540 DOI: 10.3892/or.2011.1577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2011] [Accepted: 11/17/2011] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Valproic acid (VPA), a histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi), has been shown to be an effective tool in cancer treatment. Although its ability to induce apoptosis has been described in many cancer types, the data come from experiments performed in normoxic (21% O2) conditions only. Therefore, we questioned whether VPA would be equally effective under hypoxic conditions (1% O2), which is known to induce resistance to apoptosis. Four neuroblastoma cell lines were used: UKF-NB-3, SK-N-AS, plus one cisplatin-resistant subline derived from each of the two original sensitive lines. All were treated with VPA and incubated under hypoxic conditions. Measurement of apoptosis and viability using TUNEL assay and Annexin V/propidium iodide labeling revealed that VPA was even more effective under hypoxic conditions. We show here that hypoxia-induced resistance to chemotherapeutic agents such as cisplatin could be overcome using VPA. We also demonstrated that apoptosis pathways induced by VPA do not differ between normoxic and hypoxic conditions. VPA-induced apoptosis proceeds through the mitochondrial pathway, not the extrinsic pathway (under both normoxia and hypoxia), since inhibition of caspase-8 failed to decrease apoptosis or influence bid cleavage. Our data demonstrated that VPA is more efficient in triggering apoptosis under hypoxic conditions and overcomes hypoxia-induced resistance to cisplatin. The results provide additional evidence for the use of VPA in neuroblastoma (NBL) treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Šimon Cipro
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, 2nd Medical School, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, V Úvalu 84, 150 00 Prague 5, Czech Republic
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97
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Liu L, Liu N, Xu M, Liu Y, Min J, Pang H, Zhang N, Zhang H, Zhang H. Lentivirus-delivered Krüppel-like factor 8 small interfering RNA inhibits gastric cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo. Tumour Biol 2011; 33:53-61. [PMID: 22081373 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-011-0245-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2011] [Accepted: 09/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
We found that the transcription factor Krüppel-like factor 8 (KLF8) was highly expressed in gastric cancer tissues and cell lines compared with adjacent noncancerous regions and gastric epithelial mucosa cells. We employed a lentivirus-mediated RNAi technique to knockdown KLF8 expression in gastric cancer cell line SGC7901 and observed its effects on cell growth in vitro and in vivo. Knockdown of KLF8 inhibited SGC7901 cell proliferation, promoted cell apoptosis, inhibited the tumorigenicity of SGC7901 cells, and significantly decreased tumor growth when the cells were injected into nude mice. These results indicated that overexpression of KLF8 may influence the biological behavior of SGC7901 gastric cancer cells. Knockdown of KLF8 expression by lentivirus-delivered siRNA may be useful as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Liu
- Department of Oncology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 1 Xinsi Road, Xi'an 710038, China
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98
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The increased expression of DEC1 gene is related to HIF-1α protein in gastric cancer cell lines. Mol Biol Rep 2011; 39:4229-36. [PMID: 21779800 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-011-1209-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2010] [Accepted: 07/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Overexpression of differentiated embryo chondrocyte 1 (DEC1) has been reported to contribute to the cellular differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis of various cancers. Our previous studies have shown that DEC1 was highly expressed in gastric cancer (GCa) tissues. However, there is no report about the expression of DEC1 in GCa cell lines until now. In this study, We evaluated the mRNA and protein expression of DEC1 and hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) under normoxic and hypoxic conditions in six GCa cell lines: BGC-823, MGC80-3, MKN1, AGS, FU97 and SGC-7901. An HIF-1α protein inhibitor was used to analyze the association of DEC1 and HIF-1α expression. Under normoxia, the mRNA expression of both HIF-1α and DEC1 was moderate, whereas the protein expression of DEC1 was higher than that of HIF-1α. Hypoxia induced the mRNA expression of DEC1 and the protein expression of HIF-1α and DEC1 in a time-dependent manner but had no effect on the mRNA expression of HIF-1α. Furthermore, inhibition of HIF-1α protein expression resulted in a significant decrease in both the mRNA and protein expression of DEC1. Taken together, DEC1 expression is correlated with HIF-1α protein in GCa cell line, blockage of HIF-1α protein led to reduced DEC1 expression. The efficacy of inhibiting HIF-1α and DEC1 expression should be tested in clinical trials as possible treatment for GCa.
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99
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Fatma N, Singh P, Chhunchha B, Kubo E, Shinohara T, Bhargavan B, Singh DP. Deficiency of Prdx6 in lens epithelial cells induces ER stress response-mediated impaired homeostasis and apoptosis. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2011; 301:C954-67. [PMID: 21677259 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00061.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The multifunctional cytoprotective protein peroxiredoxin 6 (Prdx6) maintains cellular homeostasis and membrane integrity by regulating expression of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and phospholipid turnover. Using cells derived from targeted inactivation of Prdx6 gene or its depletion by RNA interference or aging, we showed that Prdx6 deficiency in cells evoked unfolded protein response (UPR), evidenced by increased expression or activation of proapoptotic factors, CHOP, ATF4, PERK, IRE-α and eIF2-α and by increased caspases 3 and 12 processing. Those cells displayed enhanced and sustained expression of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-related chaperon proteins, Bip/glucose-regulated protein 78, calnexin, and calreticulin. Under cellular stress induced by hypoxia (1% O(2) or CoCl(2) treatment) or tunicamycin, Prdx6-deficient cells exhibited aberrant activation of ER stress-responsive genes/protein with higher expression of ROS, and died with apoptosis. Wild-type cells exposed to tunicamycin or hypoxia remained relatively insensitive with lower expression of ROS and ER-responsive genes than did Prdx6-deficient cells, but upregulation of ER stress responsive proteins or chaperones mimicked the UPR response of Prdx6-deficient or aging cells. Expression of Prdx6 blocked ER stress-induced deleterious signaling by optimizing physiologically aberrant expression of ER stress responsive genes/proteins in Prdx6-deficient cells or cells facing stressors, and rescued the cells from apoptosis. These findings demonstrate that impaired homeostasis and progression of pathogenesis in Prdx6-deficient lens epithelial cells or in aging cells should be blocked by a supply of Prdx6. The results provide a new molecular basis for understanding the etiology of several age-associated degenerative disorders, and potentially for developing antioxidant Prdx6-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nigar Fatma
- Dept. of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Univ. of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, 68198-5840, USA
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NADPH oxidase-mediated reactive oxygen species production activates hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) via the ERK pathway after hyperthermia treatment. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 107:20477-82. [PMID: 21059928 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1006646107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperthermia (HT) is a strong adjuvant treatment with radiotherapy and chemotherapy because it causes tumor reoxygenation. However, the detailed molecular mechanisms of how HT enhances tumor oxygenation have not been elucidated. Here we report that 1 h of HT activates hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) in tumors and its downstream targets, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 (PDK1). Consistent with HIF-1 activation and up-regulation of its downstream genes, HT also enhances tumor perfusion/vascularization and decreases oxygen consumption. As a result, tumor hypoxia is reduced after HT, suggesting that these physiological changes contribute to HT-induced tumor reoxygenation. Because HIF-1 is a potent regulator of tumor vascularization and metabolism, our findings suggest that HIF-1 plays a role in HT-induced tumor reoxygenation by transactivating its downstream targets. We demonstrate that NADPH oxidase-mediated reactive oxygen species production, as a mechanism, up-regulates HIF-1 after HT. Furthermore, we determine that this pathway is initiated by increased transcription of NADPH oxidase-1 through the ERK pathway. In conclusion, this study determines that, although HIF-1 is a good therapeutic target, the timing of its inhibition needs to be optimized to achieve the most beneficial outcome when it is combined with other treatments of HT, radiation, and chemotherapy.
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