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Mahapatra S, Mace EM, Minard CG, Forbes LR, Vargas-Hernandez A, Duryea TK, Makedonas G, Banerjee PP, Shearer WT, Orange JS. High-resolution phenotyping identifies NK cell subsets that distinguish healthy children from adults. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181134. [PMID: 28767726 PMCID: PMC5540415 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are critical in immune defense against infected, stressed or transformed cells. Their function is regulated by the heterogeneous expression of a wide array of surface receptors that shape its phenotypic diversity. Although NK cells develop in the bone marrow and secondary lymphoid tissues, substantive differentiation is apparent in the peripheral blood including known age-related variation. In order to gain greater insight into phenotypic and functional variation within peripheral blood NK cells across age groups, we used multi-parametric, polyfunctional flow cytometry to interrogate the NK cell variability in 20 healthy adults and 15 5-10, 11-15 and 16-20 year-old children. We found that the normative ranges in both adults and children displayed great inter-individual variation for most markers. While the expression of several receptors did not differ, among those that did, the majority of the differences existed between adults and the three pediatric groups, rather than among children of different ages. Interestingly, we also identified variation in the individual expression of some markers by sex and ethnicity. Combinatorial analysis of NK cell receptors revealed intermediate subsets between the CD56bright and CD56dim NK cells. Furthermore, on examining the NK cell diversity by age, adults were discovered to have the lowest developmental diversity. Thus, our findings identify previously unappreciated NK cell subsets potentially distinguishing children from adults and suggest functional correlates that may have relevance in age-specific host defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjana Mahapatra
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Center for Human Immunobiology, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Emily M. Mace
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Center for Human Immunobiology, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Charles G. Minard
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Lisa R. Forbes
- Center for Human Immunobiology, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Alexander Vargas-Hernandez
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Center for Human Immunobiology, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Teresa K. Duryea
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Residents’ Primary Care Group, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - George Makedonas
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Center for Human Immunobiology, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Pinaki P. Banerjee
- Center for Human Immunobiology, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - William T. Shearer
- Center for Human Immunobiology, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jordan S. Orange
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Center for Human Immunobiology, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Dan L Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
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Sourour SK, Aboelenein HR, Elemam NM, Abdelhamid AK, Salah S, Abdelaziz AI. Unraveling the expression of microRNA-27a* & NKG2D in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and natural killer cells of pediatric systemic lupus erythematosus patients. Int J Rheum Dis 2017; 20:1237-1246. [PMID: 28523761 DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.13099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM The activity of natural killer (NK) cells is known to be decreased in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients. Nevertheless, the exact contribution of NK cells in the pathogenesis of SLE is still inconclusive. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), are small noncoding RNA molecules that play a fundamental role in regulating NK cell function. The objective of this study was to investigate the expression of miRNAs that might potentially target an essential activating receptor, NKG2D in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and NK cells of SLE patients. METHODS In silico analysis revealed miR-27a* to potentially target NKG2D messenger RNA (mRNA), hence PBMCs and NK cells were isolated from blood samples of SLE patients and healthy controls. Next, the cells were transfected using mimics and antagomirs, after which miRNA/mRNA were quantified using real time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS The results of this study showed that miR-27a* is overexpressed in the PBMCs and NK cells of SLE patients. In contrast, NKG2D was found to be downregulated in PBMCs and NK cells of SLE patients. Forcing the expression of miR-27a* in PBMCs and NK cells enhances the expression of NKG2D in SLE patients. Furthermore, the ligand of NKG2D, ULBP2, was found to be downregulated in the PBMCs of SLE patients. CONCLUSION The altered expression of the triad, miR-27a* as well as NKG2D and ULBP2, is thought to be characteristic for NK cells in SLE patients. Hence, the ability of miR-27a* to alter the expression of NKG2D may provide a new groundwork for understanding the role of miRNAs in NK cells of SLE patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shady K Sourour
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Heba R Aboelenein
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Noha M Elemam
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt.,Sharjah Institute for Medical Research (SIMR), College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Amira K Abdelhamid
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Samia Salah
- Department of Pediatrics, Kasr AlAiny Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed I Abdelaziz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt.,School of Medicine, NewGiza University (NGU), Cairo, Egypt
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Cosan F, Aktas Cetin E, Akdeniz N, Emrence Z, Cefle A, Deniz G. Natural Killer Cell Subsets and Their Functional Activity in Behçet's Disease. Immunol Invest 2017; 46:419-432. [PMID: 28388249 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2017.1288240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Behçet's disease (BD) is a rare, chronic autoinflammatory disorder of unknown origin. Natural killer (NK) cells are one of the major immunoregulatory cell groups of the innate immune system, but their role in BD pathogenesis is not well documented. OBJECTIVES We aimed to investigate the role of NK cell subsets and their cytokine secretion and cytotoxic activity in patients with BD. PATIENTS AND METHODS The study group consisted of BD patients who had only mucocutaneous involvement, and they were compared with healthy subjects. BD patients were divided into two groups according to their frequencies of oral ulcerations. NK cell cytotoxicity was determined using CD107a expression and a CFSE-based cytotoxicity test. Expression of NK cell receptors and surface markers and the intracellular IL-5, IL-10, IL-17, and IFN-γ levels in CD16+ NK cells were assessed by flow cytometry. RESULTS Although the cytokine secretion pattern was different, no difference was obtained in cytotoxic activity, expression of activatory receptors, or degranulation of NK cells. CONCLUSION Increases in NK1/NK2 ratio and CD16+IFN-γ+ NK1 cells might support the idea of a biased IFN-γ dominant immune response in the mucocutaneous involvement of BD pathogenesis. Although the cytokine secretion pattern was different, no difference was obtained in cytotoxic activity, expression of activatory receptors, or degranulation of NK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulya Cosan
- a Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology , Bahcesehir University , Istanbul , Turkey.,b Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology , Kocaeli University , Kocaeli , Turkey
| | - Esin Aktas Cetin
- c Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine (Aziz Sancar DETAE), Department of Immunology , Istanbul University , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Nilgun Akdeniz
- c Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine (Aziz Sancar DETAE), Department of Immunology , Istanbul University , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Zeliha Emrence
- d Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine (Aziz Sancar DETAE), Department of Genetics , Istanbul University , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Ayse Cefle
- b Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology , Kocaeli University , Kocaeli , Turkey
| | - Gunnur Deniz
- c Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine (Aziz Sancar DETAE), Department of Immunology , Istanbul University , Istanbul , Turkey
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Innate lymphoid cells in autoimmunity: emerging regulators in rheumatic diseases. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2017; 13:164-173. [PMID: 28148916 DOI: 10.1038/nrrheum.2016.218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are important in the regulation of barrier homeostasis. These cells do not express T cell receptors but share many functional similarities with T helper cells and cytotoxic CD8+ T lymphocytes. ILCs are divided into three groups, namely group 1 ILCs, group 2 ILCs and group 3 ILCs, based on the transcription factors they depend on for their development and function, and the cytokines they produce. Emerging data indicate that ILCs not only have protective functions but can also have detrimental effects when dysregulated, leading to chronic inflammation and autoimmune diseases, including asthma, inflammatory bowel disease, graft-versus-host disease, psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis and atopic dermatitis. Elucidation of the cytokine pathways involved in various autoimmune diseases - and the identification of ILCs as potent producers of these cytokines - points towards a potential role for these cellular players in the pathophysiology of these diseases. In this Review we discuss the current knowledge of the role of ILCs in the pathogenesis of rheumatic and other autoimmune diseases.
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Effect of Interleukin-15 on CD11b, CD54, and CD62L Expression on Natural Killer Cell and Natural Killer T-Like Cells in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Mediators Inflamm 2016; 2016:9675861. [PMID: 27847409 PMCID: PMC5101392 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9675861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Adhesion molecules may play an important role in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) pathogenesis. We investigated the effect of interleukin- (IL-) 15 on CD11b, CD54, and CD62L expression on natural killer (NK) cells, T cells, and CD56+CD3+ NKT-like cells from SLE subjects and healthy controls. SLE patients had decreased circulating NK cells and NKT-like cells compared to controls. NK cells from SLE patients showed higher CD11b and CD62L expression compared to controls. IL-15 enhanced CD11b and CD54 but downregulated CD62L expression on NK cells from SLE patients. Similar observations were found for T cells and NKT-like cells. NK cells from SLE patients expressed higher CD56 than controls; both could be further enhanced by IL-15. IL-15 also enhanced CD56 expression of NKT-like cells from SLE patients. A greater degree of IL-15 induced downregulation of CD62L on NKT-like cells noted in SLE patients compared to controls. The percentage of CD11b expressing NK cells and the % inhibition of CD62L expression on NKT-like cells by IL-15 correlated with serum anti-dsDNA levels in SLE patients, respectively. Taken together, we demonstrated the dysfunctional NK and NKT-like cells in SLE patients with regard to CD11b and CD62L expression and their response to IL-15.
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Michel T, Poli A, Cuapio A, Briquemont B, Iserentant G, Ollert M, Zimmer J. Human CD56bright NK Cells: An Update. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 196:2923-31. [PMID: 26994304 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1502570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 266] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Human NK cells can be subdivided into various subsets based on the relative expression of CD16 and CD56. In particular, CD56(bright)CD16(-/dim) NK cells are the focus of interest. They are considered efficient cytokine producers endowed with immunoregulatory properties, but they can also become cytotoxic upon appropriate activation. These cells were shown to play a role in different disease states, such as cancer, autoimmunity, neuroinflammation, and infection. Although their phenotype and functional properties are well known and have been extensively studied, their lineage relationship with other NK cell subsets is not fully defined, nor is their precise hematopoietic origin. In this article, we summarize recent studies about CD56(bright) NK cells in health and disease and briefly discuss the current controversies surrounding them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Michel
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, L-4354 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Aurélie Poli
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, L-4354 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Angelica Cuapio
- Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria; and
| | - Benjamin Briquemont
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, L-4354 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Gilles Iserentant
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, L-4354 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Markus Ollert
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, L-4354 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Allergy Center, Department of Dermatology Odense Research Centre for Anaphylaxis, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Jacques Zimmer
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, L-4354 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg;
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Bruder Costa J, Dufeu-Duchesne T, Leroy V, Bertucci I, Bouvier-Alias M, Pouget N, Brevot-Lutton O, Bourliere M, Zoulim F, Plumas J, Aspord C. Pegylated Interferon α-2a Triggers NK-Cell Functionality and Specific T-Cell Responses in Patients with Chronic HBV Infection without HBsAg Seroconversion. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0158297. [PMID: 27348813 PMCID: PMC4922676 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pegylated interferon α-2a (Peg-IFN-α) represents a therapeutic alternative to the prolonged use of nucleos(t)ide analog (NA) in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infection. The mechanisms leading to a positive clinical outcome remain unclear. As immune responses are critical for virus control, we investigated the effects of Peg-IFN-α on both innate and adaptive immunity, and related it to the clinical evolution. The phenotypic and functional features of the dendritic cells (DCs), natural killer (NK) cells and HBV-specific CD4/CD8 T cells were analyzed in HBeAg-negative CHB patients treated for 48-weeks with NA alone or together with Peg-IFN-α, before, during and up to 2-years after therapy. Peg-IFN-α induced an early activation of DCs, a potent expansion of the CD56bright NK subset, and enhanced the activation and functionality of the CD56dim NK subset. Peg-IFN-α triggered an increase in the frequencies of Th1- and Th17-oriented HBV-specific CD4/CD8 T cells. Peg-IFN-α reversed the unresponsiveness of patients to a specific stimulation. Most of the parameters returned to baseline after the stop of Peg-IFN-α therapy. Peg-IFN-α impacts both innate and adaptive immunity, overcoming dysfunctional immune responses in CHB patients. These modulations were not associated with seroconversion, which questioned the benefit of the add-on Peg-IFN-α treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Bruder Costa
- University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, F-38041 France; INSERM, U1209, Immunobiology and Immunotherapy of Chronic Deseases, La Tronche, F-38706 France
- CHU Grenoble, Michallon Hospital, Hepato-gastroenterology unit, Grenoble, F-38043 France
| | - Tania Dufeu-Duchesne
- CHU Grenoble, Michallon Hospital, Hepato-gastroenterology unit, Grenoble, F-38043 France
- University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, F-38041 France; INSERM, U1209, Analytic Immunology of chronic pathologies, La Tronche, F-38706 France
| | - Vincent Leroy
- CHU Grenoble, Michallon Hospital, Hepato-gastroenterology unit, Grenoble, F-38043 France
- University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, F-38041 France; INSERM, U1209, Analytic Immunology of chronic pathologies, La Tronche, F-38706 France
| | - Inga Bertucci
- ANRS (France REcherche Nord & sud Sida-hiv Hépatites: FRENSH), Paris, France
| | - Magali Bouvier-Alias
- Department of Virology, Henri Mondor Hospital, University Paris-Est and Inserm U955, Creteil, France
| | - Noelle Pouget
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d’épidémiologie et de Santé Publique (IPLESP UMRS 1136), 75012, Paris, France
| | - Ophelie Brevot-Lutton
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d’épidémiologie et de Santé Publique (IPLESP UMRS 1136), 75012, Paris, France
| | - Marc Bourliere
- Hepato-gastroenterology department Hospital Saint Joseph, Marseille, 13008 France
| | - Fabien Zoulim
- INSERM U1052—CNRS 5286, Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), Lyon, France
- Hepatology Department, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Joel Plumas
- University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, F-38041 France; INSERM, U1209, Immunobiology and Immunotherapy of Chronic Deseases, La Tronche, F-38706 France
- EFS Rhone-Alpes, R&D Laboratory, La Tronche, F-38701 France
- * E-mail: (CA); (JP)
| | - Caroline Aspord
- University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, F-38041 France; INSERM, U1209, Immunobiology and Immunotherapy of Chronic Deseases, La Tronche, F-38706 France
- EFS Rhone-Alpes, R&D Laboratory, La Tronche, F-38701 France
- * E-mail: (CA); (JP)
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Chalan P, Bijzet J, Kroesen BJ, Boots AMH, Brouwer E. Altered Natural Killer Cell Subsets in Seropositive Arthralgia and Early Rheumatoid Arthritis Are Associated with Autoantibody Status. J Rheumatol 2016; 43:1008-16. [PMID: 27036380 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.150644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The role of natural killer (NK) cells in the immunopathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is unclear. Therefore, numerical and functional alterations of CD56(dim) and CD56(bright) NK cells in the early stages of RA development were studied. METHODS Whole blood samples from newly diagnosed, treatment-naive, seropositive (SP) and seronegative (SN) patients with RA (SP RA, n = 45 and SN RA, n = 12), patients with SP arthralgia (n = 30), and healthy controls (HC, n = 41) were assessed for numbers and frequencies of T cells, B cells, and NK cells. SP status was defined as positive for anticyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies (anti-CCP) and/or rheumatoid factor (RF). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were used for further analysis of NK cell phenotype and function. RESULTS Total NK cell numbers were decreased in SP RA and SP arthralgia but not in SN RA. Also, NK cells from SP RA showed a decreased potency for interferon-γ (IFN-γ) production. A selective decrease of CD56(dim), but not CD56(bright), NK cells in SP RA and SP arthralgia was observed. This prompted investigation of CD16 (FcγRIIIa) triggering in NK cell apoptosis and cytokine expression. In vitro, CD16 triggering induced apoptosis of CD56(dim) but not CD56(bright) NK cells from HC. This apoptosis was augmented by adding interleukin 2 (IL-2). Also, CD16 triggering in the presence of IL-2 stimulated IFN-γ and tumor necrosis factor-α expression by CD56(dim) NK cells. CONCLUSION The decline of CD56(dim) NK cells in SP arthralgia and SP RA and the in vitro apoptosis of CD56(dim) NK cells upon CD16 triggering suggest a functional role of immunoglobulin G-containing autoantibody (anti-CCP and/or RF)-immune complexes in this process. Moreover, CD16-triggered cytokine production by CD56(dim) NK cells may contribute to systemic inflammation as seen in SP arthralgia and SP RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Chalan
- From the Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, and the Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.P. Chalan, PhD, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen; J. Bijzet, BS, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen; E. Brouwer, MD, PhD, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen; A.M. Boots, Prof., Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen; B.J. Kroesen, PhD, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen
| | - Johan Bijzet
- From the Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, and the Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.P. Chalan, PhD, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen; J. Bijzet, BS, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen; E. Brouwer, MD, PhD, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen; A.M. Boots, Prof., Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen; B.J. Kroesen, PhD, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen
| | - Bart-Jan Kroesen
- From the Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, and the Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.P. Chalan, PhD, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen; J. Bijzet, BS, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen; E. Brouwer, MD, PhD, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen; A.M. Boots, Prof., Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen; B.J. Kroesen, PhD, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen
| | - Annemieke M H Boots
- From the Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, and the Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.P. Chalan, PhD, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen; J. Bijzet, BS, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen; E. Brouwer, MD, PhD, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen; A.M. Boots, Prof., Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen; B.J. Kroesen, PhD, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen.
| | - Elisabeth Brouwer
- From the Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, and the Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.P. Chalan, PhD, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen; J. Bijzet, BS, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen; E. Brouwer, MD, PhD, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen; A.M. Boots, Prof., Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen; B.J. Kroesen, PhD, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen
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Lin YL, Lin SC. Analysis of the CD161-expressing cell quantities and CD161 expression levels in peripheral blood natural killer and T cells of systemic lupus erythematosus patients. Clin Exp Med 2015; 17:101-109. [DOI: 10.1007/s10238-015-0402-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Haynes LD, Verma S, McDonald B, Wu R, Tacke R, Nowyhed HN, Ekstein J, Feuvrier A, Benedict CA, Hedrick CC. Cardif (MAVS) Regulates the Maturation of NK Cells. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2015; 195:2157-67. [PMID: 26232430 PMCID: PMC4709023 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1402060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Cardif, also known as IPS-1, VISA, and MAVS, is an intracellular adaptor protein that functions downstream of the retinoic acid-inducible gene I family of pattern recognition receptors. Cardif is required for the production of type I IFNs and other inflammatory cytokines after retinoic acid-inducible gene I-like receptors recognize intracellular antigenic RNA. Studies have recently shown that Cardif may have other roles in the immune system in addition to its role in viral immunity. In this study, we find that the absence of Cardif alters normal NK cell development and maturation. Cardif(-/-) mice have a 35% loss of mature CD27(-)CD11b(+) NK cells in the periphery. In addition, Cardif(-/-) NK cells have altered surface marker expression, lower cytotoxicity, decreased intracellular STAT1 levels, increased apoptosis, and decreased proliferation compared with wild-type NK cells. Mixed chimeric mice revealed that the defective maturation and increased apoptotic rate of peripheral Cardif(-/-) NK cells is cell intrinsic. However, Cardif(-/-) mice showed enhanced control of mouse CMV (a DNA β-herpesvirus) by NK cells, commensurate with increased activation and IFN-γ production by these immature NK cell subsets. These results indicate that the skewed differentiation and altered STAT expression of Cardif(-/-) NK cells can result in their hyperresponsiveness in some settings and support recent findings that Cardif-dependent signaling can regulate aspects of immune cell development and/or function distinct from its well-characterized role in mediating cell-intrinsic defense to RNA viruses.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/genetics
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/immunology
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/metabolism
- Animals
- Apoptosis/genetics
- Apoptosis/immunology
- Blotting, Western
- Cell Differentiation/genetics
- Cell Differentiation/immunology
- Cell Proliferation
- Cells, Cultured
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic/genetics
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic/immunology
- Female
- Flow Cytometry
- Herpesviridae Infections/genetics
- Herpesviridae Infections/immunology
- Herpesviridae Infections/virology
- Interferon-gamma/biosynthesis
- Interferon-gamma/immunology
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Killer Cells, Natural/metabolism
- Liver/immunology
- Liver/metabolism
- Lymphocyte Count
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Muromegalovirus/immunology
- Muromegalovirus/physiology
- NIH 3T3 Cells
- STAT1 Transcription Factor/immunology
- STAT1 Transcription Factor/metabolism
- Spleen/immunology
- Spleen/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- LaTeira D Haynes
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037; and
| | - Shilpi Verma
- Division of Immune Regulation, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Bryan McDonald
- Division of Immune Regulation, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Runpei Wu
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037; and
| | - Robert Tacke
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037; and
| | - Heba N Nowyhed
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037; and
| | - Jennifer Ekstein
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037; and
| | - Ariana Feuvrier
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037; and
| | - Chris A Benedict
- Division of Immune Regulation, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Catherine C Hedrick
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037; and
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Morandi F, Horenstein AL, Chillemi A, Quarona V, Chiesa S, Imperatori A, Zanellato S, Mortara L, Gattorno M, Pistoia V, Malavasi F. CD56brightCD16- NK Cells Produce Adenosine through a CD38-Mediated Pathway and Act as Regulatory Cells Inhibiting Autologous CD4+ T Cell Proliferation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 195:965-72. [PMID: 26091716 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1500591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies suggested that human CD56(bright)CD16(-) NK cells may play a role in the regulation of the immune response. Since the mechanism(s) involved have not yet been elucidated, in the present study we have investigated the role of nucleotide-metabolizing enzymes that regulate the extracellular balance of nucleotides/nucleosides and produce the immunosuppressive molecule adenosine (ADO). Peripheral blood CD56(dim)CD16(+) and CD56(bright)CD16(-) NK cells expressed similar levels of CD38. CD39, CD73, and CD157 expression was higher in CD56(bright)CD16(-) than in CD56(dim)CD16(+) NK cells. CD57 was mostly expressed by CD56(dim)CD16(+) NK cells. CD203a/PC-1 expression was restricted to CD56(bright)CD16(-) NK cells. CD56(bright)CD16(-) NK cells produce ADO and inhibit autologous CD4(+) T cell proliferation. Such inhibition was 1) reverted pretreating CD56(bright)CD16(-) NK cells with a CD38 inhibitor and 2) increased pretreating CD56(bright)CD16(-) NK cells with a nucleoside transporter inhibitor, which increase extracellular ADO concentration. CD56(bright)CD16(-) NK cells isolated from the synovial fluid of juvenile idiopathic arthritis patients failed to inhibit autologous CD4(+) T cell proliferation. Such functional impairment could be related to 1) the observed reduced CD38/CD73 expression, 2) a peculiar ADO production kinetics, and 3) a different expression of ADO receptors. In contrast, CD56(bright)CD16(-) NK cells isolated from inflammatory pleural effusions display a potent regulatory activity. In conclusion, CD56(bright)CD16(-) NK cells act as "regulatory cells" through ADO produced by an ectoenzymes network, with a pivotal role of CD38. This function may be relevant for the modulation of the immune response in physiological and pathological conditions, and it could be impaired during autoimmune/inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Morandi
- Laboratorio di Oncologia, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16148 Genoa, Italy;
| | - Alberto L Horenstein
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics and CeRMS, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin 10126, Italy; Immunologia dei Trapianti, Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin 10126, Italy
| | - Antonella Chillemi
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics and CeRMS, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin 10126, Italy
| | - Valeria Quarona
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics and CeRMS, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin 10126, Italy
| | - Sabrina Chiesa
- Unità Operativa Pediatria II - Reumatologia, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa 16148, Italy
| | - Andrea Imperatori
- Department of Surgical and Morphological Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy; and
| | - Silvia Zanellato
- Department of Surgical and Morphological Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy; and Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Mortara
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Marco Gattorno
- Unità Operativa Pediatria II - Reumatologia, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa 16148, Italy
| | - Vito Pistoia
- Laboratorio di Oncologia, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16148 Genoa, Italy
| | - Fabio Malavasi
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics and CeRMS, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin 10126, Italy; Immunologia dei Trapianti, Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin 10126, Italy
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Hardcastle SL, Brenu EW, Johnston S, Nguyen T, Huth T, Wong N, Ramos S, Staines D, Marshall-Gradisnik S. Characterisation of cell functions and receptors in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME). BMC Immunol 2015; 16:35. [PMID: 26032326 PMCID: PMC4450981 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-015-0101-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abnormal immune function is often an underlying component of illness pathophysiology and symptom presentation. Functional and phenotypic immune-related alterations may play a role in the obscure pathomechanism of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME). The objective of this study was to investigate the functional ability of innate and adaptive immune cells in moderate and severe CFS/ME patients. The 1994 Fukuda criteria for CFS/ME were used to define CFS/ME patients. CFS/ME participants were grouped based on illness severity with 15 moderately affected (moderate) and 12 severely affected (severe) CFS/ME patients who were age and sex matched with 18 healthy controls. Flow cytometric protocols were used for immunological analysis of dendritic cells, monocytes and neutrophil function as well as measures of lytic proteins and T, natural killer (NK) and B cell receptors. RESULTS CFS/ME patients exhibited alterations in NK receptors and adhesion markers and receptors on CD4(+)T and CD8(+)T cells. Moderate CFS/ME patients had increased CD8(+) CD45RA effector memory T cells, SLAM expression on NK cells, KIR2DL5(+) on CD4(+)T cells and BTLA4(+) on CD4(+)T central memory cells. Moderate CFS/ME patients also had reduced CD8(+)T central memory LFA-1, total CD8(+)T KLRG1, naïve CD4(+)T KLRG1 and CD56(dim)CD16(-) NK cell CD2(+) and CD18(+)CD2(+). Severe CFS/ME patients had increased CD18(+)CD11c(-) in the CD56(dim)CD16(-) NK cell phenotype and reduced NKp46 in CD56(bright)CD16(dim) NK cells. CONCLUSIONS This research accentuated the presence of immunological abnormalities in CFS/ME and highlighted the importance of assessing functional parameters of both innate and adaptive immune systems in the illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharni Lee Hardcastle
- National Centre for Neuroimmunology and Emerging Diseases, Griffith Health Centre, School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia.
| | - Ekua Weba Brenu
- National Centre for Neuroimmunology and Emerging Diseases, Griffith Health Centre, School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia.
| | - Samantha Johnston
- National Centre for Neuroimmunology and Emerging Diseases, Griffith Health Centre, School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia.
| | - Thao Nguyen
- National Centre for Neuroimmunology and Emerging Diseases, Griffith Health Centre, School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia.
| | - Teilah Huth
- National Centre for Neuroimmunology and Emerging Diseases, Griffith Health Centre, School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia.
| | - Naomi Wong
- National Centre for Neuroimmunology and Emerging Diseases, Griffith Health Centre, School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia.
| | - Sandra Ramos
- National Centre for Neuroimmunology and Emerging Diseases, Griffith Health Centre, School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia.
| | - Donald Staines
- National Centre for Neuroimmunology and Emerging Diseases, Griffith Health Centre, School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia.
| | - Sonya Marshall-Gradisnik
- National Centre for Neuroimmunology and Emerging Diseases, Griffith Health Centre, School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia.
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63
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Voynova EN, Skinner J, Bolland S. Expansion of an atypical NK cell subset in mouse models of systemic lupus erythematosus. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 194:1503-13. [PMID: 25595787 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1402673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammatory conditions, such as in autoimmune disease, can disturb immune cell homeostasis and induce the expansion of normally rare cell populations. In our analysis of various murine models of lupus, we detect increased frequency of an uncommon subset identified as NK1.1(+)CD11c(+)CD122(+)MHC class II(+). These cells share characteristics with the NK cell lineage and with cells previously described as IFN-producing killer dendritic cells: 1) they depend on IL-15 and express E4BP4; 2) they are cytotoxic and produce type I and type II IFN upon activation; and 3) they are efficient APCs both through MHC class II expression and in cross-presentation to CD8s. These atypical NK cells are responsive to TLR stimulation and thus are most abundant in mice with high copy number of the Tlr7 gene. They are highly proliferative as assessed by in vivo BrdU incorporation. In adoptive transfer experiments they persist in high numbers for months and maintain their surface marker profile, indicating that this population is developmentally stable. Gene expression analyses on both mRNA and microRNAs show a modified cell cycle program in which various miR-15/16 family members are upregulated, presumably as a consequence of the proliferative signal mediated by the increased level of growth factors, Ras and E2F activity. Alternatively, low expression of miR-150, miR-181, and miR-744 in these cells implies a reduction in their differentiation capacity. These results suggest that cells of the NK lineage that undergo TLR stimulation might turn on a proliferative program in detriment of their full differentiation into mature NK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisaveta N Voynova
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville MD 20852
| | - Jeffrey Skinner
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville MD 20852
| | - Silvia Bolland
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville MD 20852
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Mandal A, Viswanathan C. Natural killer cells: In health and disease. Hematol Oncol Stem Cell Ther 2014; 8:47-55. [PMID: 25571788 DOI: 10.1016/j.hemonc.2014.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Revised: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells constitute our bodies' frontline defense system, guarding against tumors and launching attacks against infections. The activities of NK cells are regulated by the interaction of various receptors expressed on their surfaces with cell surface ligands. While the role of NK cells in controlling tumor activity is relatively clear, the fact that they are also linked to various other disease conditions is now being highlighted. Here, we present an overview of the role of NK cells during normal body state as well as under diseased state. We discuss the possible utilization of these powerful cells as immunotherapeutic agents in combating diseases such as asthma, autoimmune diseases, and HIV-AIDS. This review also outlines current challenges in NK cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arundhati Mandal
- Regenerative Medicine, Reliance Life Sciences Pvt Ltd, Dhirubhai Ambani Life Sciences Centre, R-282, TTC Industrial Area of MIDC, Thane Belapur Road, Rabale, Navi Mumbai 400 701, India
| | - Chandra Viswanathan
- Regenerative Medicine, Reliance Life Sciences Pvt Ltd, Dhirubhai Ambani Life Sciences Centre, R-282, TTC Industrial Area of MIDC, Thane Belapur Road, Rabale, Navi Mumbai 400 701, India.
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65
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Boldt A, Kahlenberg F, Fricke S, Rasche FM, Sack U. Flow cytometric phenotyping of lymphocytes in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Cytometry A 2014; 85:567-9. [PMID: 24757025 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.22477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Revised: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Boldt
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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66
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Ye Z, Ma N, Zhao L, Jiang ZY, Jiang YF. Differential expression of natural killer activating and inhibitory receptors in patients with newly diagnosed systemic lupus erythematosus. Int J Rheum Dis 2014; 19:613-21. [PMID: 24617980 DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.12289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
AIM Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) presents as the abnormal activation and over-proliferation of immune competent cells. Few studies have characterized the role of natural killer (NK) and NK T (NKT) cells in the pathogenesis of SLE, and therefore a consensus has not been reached as yet. METHOD Thirty-two patients with new-onset SLE and 15 healthy controls were recruited. Activated and inhibitory NK and NKT cells in peripheral blood were quantified by flow cytometry. The proportions of spontaneous and stimulated interferon (IFN)-γ(+) NK and NKT cells and CD107a(+) NK cells was examined. Finally, the potential relationship between the cell subsets and clinical indexes was analyzed. RESULTS The proportions of NK and NKT cells (P = 0.002 and 0.004, respectively) as well as the proportions of NKG2C(+) NK cells, inhibitory NK and NKT cell subsets (P = 0.016, P = 0.019, P = 0.049, and P = 0.028, respectively) in SLE patients were significantly lower than those in controls. In contrast, the proportions of activated NK cells and NKT cell subsets were significantly higher (P = 0.036, P = 0.034, P = 0.005, and P = 0.007, respectively). Moreover, the proportions of stimulated IFN-γ(+) NKT cells were significantly higher than in the controls, and the proportions of stimulated CD107a(+) NKT cells in SLE patients were significantly lower than in the controls (P = 0.032 and P = 0.02, respectively). CONCLUSION Lower proportions of NK and NKT cells, higher proportions of activated NK cells and activated NKT cells, lower proportions of inhibitory NK and NKT cells, higher NKT cell activity, and lower NKT cell degranulation may induce the autoimmune reaction involved in the pathogenesis of SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuang Ye
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ning Ma
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ling Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhen-Yu Jiang
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yan-Fang Jiang
- Department of Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Poggi A, Zocchi MR. NK cell autoreactivity and autoimmune diseases. Front Immunol 2014; 5:27. [PMID: 24550913 PMCID: PMC3912987 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidences have pointed out the relevance of natural killer (NK) cells in organ-specific and systemic autoimmune diseases. NK cells bear a plethora of activating and inhibiting receptors that can play a role in regulating reactivity with autologous cells. The activating receptors recognize natural ligands up-regulated on virus-infected or stressed or neoplastic cells. Of note, several autoimmune diseases are thought to be linked to viral infections as one of the first event in inducing autoimmunity. Also, it is conceivable that autoimmunity can be triggered when a dysregulation of innate immunity occurs, activating T and B lymphocytes to react with self-components. This would imply that NK cells can play a regulatory role during adaptive immunity; indeed, innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), comprising the classical CD56+ NK cells, have a role in maintaining or alternating tissue homeostasis secreting protective and/or pro-inflammatory cytokines. In addition, NK cells display activating receptors involved in natural cytotoxicity and the activating isoforms of receptors for HLA class I that can interact with healthy host cells and induce damage without any evidence of viral infection or neoplastic-induced alteration. In this context, the interrelationship among ILC, extracellular-matrix components, and mesenchymal stromal cells can be considered a key point for the control of homeostasis. Herein, we summarize evidences for a role of NK cells in autoimmune diseases and will give a point of view of the interplay between NK cells and self-cells in triggering autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Poggi
- Molecular Oncology and Angiogenesis Unit, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST , Genoa , Italy
| | - Maria Raffaella Zocchi
- Division of Immunology, Transplants and Infectious Diseases, Scientific Institute San Raffaele , Milan , Italy
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Immune status of Fanconi anemia patients: decrease in T CD8 and CD56dim CD16+ NK lymphocytes. Ann Hematol 2013; 93:761-7. [PMID: 24240977 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-013-1953-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Fanconi anemia (FA), a rare genetic disease in which patients' life is compromised mainly by hematological abnormalities and cancer prone, seems to be affected by subtle immune cell irregularities. Knowing that FA presents developmental abnormalities and, based on recent reports, suggesting that natural killer (NK) CD56(dim) and NK CD56(bright) correspond to sequential differentiation pathways, we investigated if there were changes on the total number of NK cells and subsets as well as on T CD4 and T CD8 lymphocytes and their ratio. A large sample of FA patients (n = 42) was used in this work, and the results were correlated to clinical hematological status of these patients. Among FA patients, a decreased proportion of T CD8(+) and NK CD56(dim)CD16(+) cells were observed when compared to healthy controls as well as an imbalance of the subsets NK lymphocytes. Data suggest that FA patients might have a defective cytotoxic response due to the lower number of cytotoxic cells as well as impairment in the differentiation process of the NK cells subsets which may be directly related to impairment of the immune surveillance observed in these patients.
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69
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Ankylosing spondylitis: from cells to genes. Int J Inflam 2013; 2013:501653. [PMID: 23970995 PMCID: PMC3736459 DOI: 10.1155/2013/501653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Revised: 06/19/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of unknown etiology, though it is considered an autoimmune disease. HLA-B27 is the risk factor most often associated with AS, and although the mechanism of involvement is unclear, the subtypes and other features of the relationship between HLA-B27 and AS have been studied for years. Additionally, the key role of IL-17 and Th17 cells in autoimmunity and inflammation suggests that the latter and the cytokines involved in their generation could play a role in the pathogenesis of this disease. Recent studies have described the sources of IL-17 and IL-23, as well as the characterization of Th17 cells in autoimmune diseases. Other cells, such as NK and regulatory T cells, have been implicated in autoimmunity and have been evaluated to ascertain their possible role in AS. Moreover, several polymorphisms, mutations and deletions in the regulatory proteins, protein-coding regions, and promoter regions of different genes involved in immune responses have been discovered and evaluated for possible genetic linkages to AS. In this review, we analyze the features of HLA-B27 and the suggested mechanisms of its involvement in AS while also focusing on the characterization of the immune response and the identification of genes associated with AS.
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70
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Fogel LA, Yokoyama WM, French AR. Natural killer cells in human autoimmune disorders. Arthritis Res Ther 2013; 15:216. [PMID: 23856014 PMCID: PMC3979027 DOI: 10.1186/ar4232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are innate lymphocytes that play a critical role in early host defense against viruses. Through their cytolytic capacity and generation of cytokines and chemokines, NK cells modulate the activity of other components of the innate and adaptive immune systems and have been implicated in the initiation or maintenance of autoimmune responses. This review focuses on recent research elucidating a potential immunoregulatory role for NK cells in T-cell and B-cell-mediated autoimmune disorders in humans, with a particular focus on multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and systemic lupus erythematous. A better understanding of the contributions of NK cells to the development of autoimmunity may lead to novel therapeutic targets in these diseases.
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71
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Yu R, Broady R, Huang Y, Wang Y, Yu J, Gao M, Levings M, Wei S, Zhang S, Xu A, Su M, Dutz J, Zhang X, Zhou Y. Transcriptome analysis reveals markers of aberrantly activated innate immunity in vitiligo lesional and non-lesional skin. PLoS One 2012; 7:e51040. [PMID: 23251420 PMCID: PMC3519491 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2012] [Accepted: 10/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitiligo is characterized by the death of melanocytes in the skin. This is associated with the presence of T cell infiltrates in the lesional borders. However, at present, there is no detailed and systematic characterization on whether additional cellular or molecular changes are present inside vitiligo lesions. Further, it is unknown if the normal appearing non-lesional skin of vitiligo patients is in fact normal. The purpose of this study is to systematically characterize the molecular and cellular characteristics of the lesional and non-lesional skin of vitiligo patients. METHODS AND MATERIALS Paired lesional and non-lesional skin biopsies from twenty-three vitiligo patients and normal skin biopsies from sixteen healthy volunteers were obtained with informed consent. The following aspects were analyzed: (1) transcriptome changes present in vitiligo skin using DNA microarrays and qRT-PCR; (2) abnormal cellular infiltrates in vitiligo skin explant cultures using flow cytometry; and (3) distribution of the abnormal cellular infiltrates in vitiligo skin using immunofluorescence microscopy. RESULTS Compared with normal skin, vitiligo lesional skin contained 17 genes (mostly melanocyte-specific genes) whose expression was decreased or absent. In contrast, the relative expression of 13 genes was up-regulated. The up-regulated genes point to aberrant activity of the innate immune system, especially natural killer cells in vitiligo. Strikingly, the markers of heightened innate immune responses were also found to be up-regulated in the non-lesional skin of vitiligo patients. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS As the first systematic transcriptome characterization of the skin in vitiligo patients, this study revealed previously unknown molecular markers that strongly suggest aberrant innate immune activation in the microenvironment of vitiligo skin. Since these changes involve both lesional and non-lesional skin, our results suggest that therapies targeting the entire skin surface may improve treatment outcomes. Finally, this study revealed novel mediators that may facilitate future development of vitiligo therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Yu
- Institute of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Raewyn Broady
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Yuanshen Huang
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Jie Yu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Min Gao
- Institute of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Megan Levings
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Shencai Wei
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Shengquan Zhang
- Institute of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Aie Xu
- Department of Dermatology, The Third People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mingwan Su
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Jan Dutz
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Skin Tumor Group, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Xuejun Zhang
- Institute of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Youwen Zhou
- Institute of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Skin Tumor Group, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada
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Antitumor immunity produced by the liver Kupffer cells, NK cells, NKT cells, and CD8 CD122 T cells. Clin Dev Immunol 2011; 2011:868345. [PMID: 22190974 PMCID: PMC3235445 DOI: 10.1155/2011/868345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2011] [Revised: 08/30/2011] [Accepted: 09/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mouse and human livers contain innate immune leukocytes, NK cells, NKT cells, and macrophage-lineage Kupffer cells. Various bacterial components, including Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands and an NKT cell ligand (α-galactocylceramide), activate liver Kupffer cells, which produce IL-1, IL-6, IL-12, and TNF. IL-12 activates hepatic NK cells and NKT cells to produce IFN-γ, which further activates hepatic T cells, in turn activating phagocytosis and cytokine production by Kupffer cells in a positive feedback loop. These immunological events are essentially evoked to protect the host from bacterial and viral infections; however, these events also contribute to antitumor and antimetastatic immunity in the liver by activated liver NK cells and NKT cells. Bystander CD8+CD122+ T cells, and tumor-specific memory CD8+T cells, are also induced in the liver by α-galactocylceramide. Furthermore, adoptive transfer experiments have revealed that activated liver lymphocytes may migrate to other organs to inhibit tumor growth, such as the lungs and kidneys. The immunological mechanism underlying the development of hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhotic livers in hepatitis C patients and liver innate immunity as a double-edged sword (hepatocyte injury/regeneration, septic shock, autoimmune disease, etc.) are also discussed.
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Tsai PY, Ka SM, Chang JM, Chang WL, Huang YJ, Hung LM, Jheng HL, Wu RY, Chen A. Therapeutic potential of DCB-SLE1, an extract of a mixture of Chinese medicinal herbs, for severe lupus nephritis. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2011; 301:F751-64. [PMID: 21677146 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00706.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of lupus nephritis is mainly attributable to a complex interaction between the innate and adaptive immune systems, including T and B cell function abnormalities. In addition to autoantibody production and immune complex deposition, Th1 and Th17 cytokines may play key roles in the development and progression of lupus nephritis. Acute onset of severe lupus nephritis remains a challenge in terms of prevention and treatment. In the present study, we evaluated the therapeutic effects of DCB-SLE1, an extract of a mixture of four traditional Chinese medicinal herbs (Atractylodis macrocephalae Rhizoma, Eucommiae cortex, Lonicerae caulis, and Hedyotidis diffusae Herba), on an accelerated severe lupus nephritis model, characterized by acute onset of proteinuria, azotemia, autoantibody production, and development of severe nephritis, induced by twice weekly injection of New Zealand black/white F1 mice with Salmonella-type lipopolysaccharide. DCB-SLE1 was administered daily by gavage starting 2 days after the first dose of induction of lipopolysaccharide, and the mice were euthanized at week 1 or week 5. The results showed that DCB-SLE1 significantly ameliorated the hematuria, proteinuria, renal dysfunction, and severe renal lesions by 1) suppression of B cell activation and decreased autoantibody production; 2) negative regulation of T cell activation/proliferation and natural killer cell activity; 3) suppression of IL-18, IL-6, and IL-17 production and blocking of NF-κB activation in the kidney; and 4) prevention of lymphoid and renal apoptosis. These results show that DCB-SLE1 can protect the kidney from autoimmune response-mediated acute and severe damage through systemic immune modulation and anti-inflammation pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Yi Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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74
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Chien PJ, Yeh JH, Chiu HC, Hsueh YM, Chen CT, Chen MC, Shih CM. Inhibition of peripheral blood natural killer cell cytotoxicity in patients with myasthenia gravis treated with plasmapheresis. Eur J Neurol 2011; 18:1350-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2011.03424.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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75
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Role of natural killer and dendritic cell crosstalk in immunomodulation by commensal bacteria probiotics. J Biomed Biotechnol 2011; 2011:473097. [PMID: 21660136 PMCID: PMC3110311 DOI: 10.1155/2011/473097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2011] [Accepted: 03/01/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A cooperative dialogue between natural killer (NK) cells and dendritic cells (DCs) has been elucidated in the last years. They help each other to acquire their complete functions, both in the periphery and in the secondary lymphoid organs. Thus, NK cells' activation by dendritic cells allows the killing of transformed or infected cells in the periphery but may also be important for the generation of adaptive immunity. Indeed, it has been shown that NK cells may play a key role in polarizing a Th1 response upon interaction with DCs exposed to microbial products. This regulatory role of DC/NK cross-talk is of particular importance at mucosal surfaces such as the intestine, where the immune system exists in intimate association with commensal bacteria such as lactic acid bacteria (LAB). We here review NK/DC interactions in the presence of gut-derived commensal bacteria and their role in bacterial strain-dependent immunomodulatory effects. We particularly aim to highlight the ability of distinct species of commensal bacterial probiotics to differently affect the outcome of DC/NK cross-talk and consequently to differently influence the polarization of the adaptive immune response.
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76
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Lood C, Stenström M, Tydén H, Gullstrand B, Källberg E, Leanderson T, Truedsson L, Sturfelt G, Ivars F, Bengtsson AA. Protein synthesis of the pro-inflammatory S100A8/A9 complex in plasmacytoid dendritic cells and cell surface S100A8/A9 on leukocyte subpopulations in systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Res Ther 2011; 13:R60. [PMID: 21492422 PMCID: PMC3132055 DOI: 10.1186/ar3314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2010] [Revised: 03/10/2011] [Accepted: 04/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease with chronic or episodic inflammation in many different organ systems, activation of leukocytes and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The heterodimer of the cytosolic calcium-binding proteins S100A8 and S100A9 (S100A8/A9) is secreted by activated polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) and monocytes and serves as a serum marker for several inflammatory diseases. Furthermore, S100A8 and S100A9 have many pro-inflammatory properties such as binding to Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). In this study we investigated if aberrant cell surface S100A8/A9 could be seen in SLE and if plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) could synthesize S100A8/A9. Methods Flow cytometry, confocal microscopy and real-time PCR of flow cytometry-sorted cells were used to measure cell surface S100A8/A9, intracellular S100A8/A9 and mRNA levels of S100A8 and S100A9, respectively. Results Cell surface S100A8/A9 was detected on all leukocyte subpopulations investigated except for T cells. By confocal microscopy, real-time PCR and stimulation assays, we could demonstrate that pDCs, monocytes and PMNs could synthesize S100A8/A9. Furthermore, pDC cell surface S100A8/A9 was higher in patients with active disease as compared to patients with inactive disease. Upon immune complex stimulation, pDCs up-regulated the cell surface S100A8/A9. SLE patients had also increased serum levels of S100A8/A9. Conclusions Patients with SLE had increased cell surface S100A8/A9, which could be important in amplification and persistence of inflammation. Importantly, pDCs were able to synthesize S100A8/A9 proteins and up-regulate the cell surface expression upon immune complex-stimulation. Thus, S100A8/A9 may be a potent target for treatment of inflammatory diseases such as SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Lood
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Section of Microbiology, Immunology and Glycobiology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 23, 223 62 Lund, Sweden.
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77
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Hagberg N, Berggren O, Leonard D, Weber G, Bryceson YT, Alm GV, Eloranta ML, Rönnblom L. IFN-α production by plasmacytoid dendritic cells stimulated with RNA-containing immune complexes is promoted by NK cells via MIP-1β and LFA-1. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 186:5085-94. [PMID: 21430220 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1003349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Several systemic autoimmune diseases display a prominent IFN signature. This is caused by a continuous IFN-α production by plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), which are activated by immune complexes (ICs) containing nucleic acid. The IFN-α production by pDCs stimulated with RNA-containing IC (RNA-IC) consisting of anti-RNP autoantibodies and U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles was recently shown to be inhibited by monocytes, but enhanced by NK cells. The inhibitory effect of monocytes was mediated by TNF-α, PGE(2), and reactive oxygen species, but the mechanisms for the NK cell-mediated increase in IFN-α production remained unclear. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms whereby NK cells increase the RNA-IC-induced IFN-α production by pDCs. Furthermore, NK cells from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were evaluated for their capacity to promote IFN-α production. We found that CD56(dim) NK cells could increase IFN-α production >1000-fold after RNA-IC activation, whereas CD56(bright) NK cells required costimulation by IL-12 and IL-18 to promote IFN-α production. NK cells produced MIP-1α, MIP-1β, RANTES, IFN-γ, and TNF-α via RNA-IC-mediated FcγRIIIA activation. The IFN-α production in pDCs was promoted by NK cells via MIP-1β secretion and LFA-mediated cell-cell contact. Moreover, NK cells from SLE patients displayed a reduced capacity to promote the RNA-IC-induced IFN-α production, which could be restored by exogenous IL-12 and IL-18. Thus, different molecular mechanisms can mediate the NK cell-dependent increase in IFN-α production by RNA-IC-stimulated pDCs, and our study suggests that the possibility to therapeutically target the NK-pDC axis in IFN-α-driven autoimmune diseases such as SLE should be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Hagberg
- Section of Rheumatology, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden.
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78
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Kaufman G, d'Ovidio R, Kaldawy A, Assy B, Ullmann Y, Etzioni A, Paus R, Gilhar A. An unexpected twist in alopecia areata pathogenesis: are NK cells protective and CD49b+ T cells pathogenic? Exp Dermatol 2011; 19:e347-9. [PMID: 20653774 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2010.01106.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells have become a recent focus of interest in alopecia areata (AA) research. To further investigate their role in an established mouse model of AA, lesional skin from older C3H/HeJ mice with AA was grafted to young C3H/HeJ female mice, and NK cells were depleted by continuous administration of rabbit anti-asialo GM1. As expected, this significantly reduced the number of pure NK cells in murine skin, as assessed by NKp46 quantitative immunohistochemistry. Quite unexpectedly, however, the onset of hair loss in C3H/HeJ mice was accelerated, rather than retarded. NK cell depletion was accompanied by a significant increase in the number of perifollicular CD49b+T cells in the alopecic skin of anti-asialo GM1-treated mice. These findings underscore the need to carefully distinguish in future AA research between pure NK cells and defined subsets of CD49b+ lymphocytes, as they may exert diametrically opposed functions in hair follicle immunology and immunopathology.
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79
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Schleinitz N, Vély F, Harlé JR, Vivier E. Natural killer cells in human autoimmune diseases. Immunology 2010; 131:451-8. [PMID: 21039469 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2010.03360.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells have been implicated in tumour surveillance and in the early control of several microbial infections. In autoimmune disease their involvement in these processes has been evaluated in animal models, with conflicting results. Both a disease-controlling and a disease-promoting role have been suggested. In human autoimmune disease only a few studies, mainly descriptive, have demonstrated qualitative and quantitative modification of NK cells. These changes were observed on blood- or tissue-infiltrating NK cells. Taken together with our expanding knowledge of the genetical variability of NK cell receptors and NK cell physiology, these findings pave the way for the dissection of the role of NK cells in human autoimmune diseases. NK cells may be directly involved in these diseases through their potential autoreactivity or through their interaction with dendritic cells, macrophages or T lymphocytes, thereby inducing excessive inflammation or favouring the adaptive autoimmune response. Thus, NK cells may be implicated in the onset, the maintenance or the progression of autoimmune diseases. Some reports also suggest the involvement of NK cells in the treatment of human autoimmune disease by biotherapies. All these observations suggest that NK cells are involved in the complex processes of autoimmune diseases. Nevertheless, further careful analysis of NK cells at different steps of these diseases, in different tissues and through combined genetical and functional studies will contribute to a better understanding of their role in autoimmune diseases. This knowledge might allow the development of new therapeutic strategies based on NK cells for the treatment of some autoimmune diseases.
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80
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Takayama T, Kamada N, Chinen H, Okamoto S, Kitazume MT, Chang J, Matuzaki Y, Suzuki S, Sugita A, Koganei K, Hisamatsu T, Kanai T, Hibi T. Imbalance of NKp44(+)NKp46(-) and NKp44(-)NKp46(+) natural killer cells in the intestinal mucosa of patients with Crohn's disease. Gastroenterology 2010; 139:882-92, 892.e1-3. [PMID: 20638936 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2010.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2009] [Revised: 04/30/2010] [Accepted: 05/20/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Mucosal natural killer (NK) cells that produce interleukin (IL)-22 mediate intestinal homeostasis and inflammation in mice. However, their role in the pathogenesis of human inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) is not known. We investigated intestinal NK cells in intestinal mucosa samples of patients with Crohn's disease (CD). METHODS We isolated lamina propria NK cells from intestinal mucosal samples of patients with IBD and subjects without IBD (controls) and analyzed expression patterns of cell surface molecules and cytokine production. Interactions between lamina propria NK cells and intestinal macrophages were examined. RESULTS In intestinal mucosa samples from controls, NKp44 and NKp46 were expressed differentially on CD3(-)CD56(+) NK cells, NKp44(+)NKp46(-) (NKp44(+)) NK cells expressed CD127 and the transcription factor retinoic acid-related orphan receptor C (RORC) and produced IL-22 whereas NKp44(-)NKp46(+) (NKp46(+)) NK cells did not express CD127 or RORC and produced interferon (IFN)-gamma. NKp46(+) NK cells were predominant in intestinal mucosa of patients with CD compared with controls or patients with ulcerative colitis. Upon interaction with intestinal inflammatory macrophages NKp46(+), NK cells from patients with CD were activated via IL-23 and produced IFN-gamma; this activation required cell-to-cell contact. CONCLUSIONS The balance of NKp44(+)/NKp46(+) NK cells is disrupted in intestinal mucosa of patients with CD. NKp46(+) NK cells might mediate the pathogenesis of CD by producing IFN-gamma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuro Takayama
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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81
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Aktas E, Erten G, Kucuksezer UC, Deniz G. Natural killer cells: versatile roles in autoimmune and infectious diseases. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2010; 5:405-20. [PMID: 20477037 DOI: 10.1586/eci.09.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are essential members of innate immunity and they rapidly respond to a variety of insults via cytokine secretion and cytolytic activity. Effector functions of NK cells form an important first line of innate immunity against viral, bacterial and parasitic infections, as well as an important bridge for the activation of adaptive immune responses. The control of NK-cell activation and killing is now understood to be a highly complex system of diverse inhibitory and activatory receptor-ligand interactions, sensing changes in MHC expression. NK cells have a functional role in innate immunity as the primary source of NK-cell-derived immunoregulatory cytokines, which have been identified in target organs of patients suffering from autoimmune diseases, and play a critical role in early defense against infectious agents. This review focuses on recent research of NK cells, summarizing their potential immunoregulatory role in modulating autoimmunity and infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esin Aktas
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine (DETAE), Istanbul University, 34393 Istanbul, Turkey.
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82
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Li WX, Pan HF, Hu JL, Wang CZ, Zhang N, Li J, Li XP, Xu JH, Ye DQ. Assay of T- and NK-cell subsets and the expression of NKG2A and NKG2D in patients with new-onset systemic lupus erythematosus. Clin Rheumatol 2009; 29:315-23. [PMID: 20012119 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-009-1322-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2009] [Revised: 09/23/2009] [Accepted: 11/13/2009] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to explore the percentage of T-cell and NK-cell subsets, the expression of NKG2A and NKG2D on CD3+ T cells and CD3-CD56+ NK cells on the total lymphocytes in new-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients, and explore clinical significance of these cell subsets. Thirty-two SLE patients and 32 normal controls were enrolled. Flow cytometry was used to count T- and NK-cell subsets and to detect the expression of NKG2A and NKG2D on CD3+ T cells and CD3-CD56+ NK cells in patients with new-onset SLE. Results show that CD4+ T (t = 2.04, P < 0.05), CD4+/CD8+ T cell (t = 2.66, P < 0.05), CD4+ CD25+ T (t = 2.48, P < 0.05), CD3+CD56+ natural killer T (NKT) (t = 40.05, P < 0.01), CD3-CD56+CD16+ NK-cell subsets (t = 3.50, P < 0.01) were significantly decreased, CD8+ T-cell subsets was significantly increased in patients with new-onset SLE (t = 3.80, P < 0.01), as compared with healthy controls. CD8+ T-cell subset was significantly increased in patients with vasculitis (t = 2.47, P < 0.05), and CD3-CD56+CD16+ NK was increased in patients with arthritis (t = 3.21, P < 0.01). However, no statistically significant correlation was found among different PBMC subsets and SLEDAI activity scores. Patients with SLE had a lower expression of NKG2A (U = 2.42, P < 0.05) as well as NKG2A/NKG2D ratio (t = 2.61, P < 0.05) and a higher expression of NKG2D (t = 2.21, P < 0.05) on CD3+ T cells, compared with normal controls. However, they had a higher expression of NKG2A (t = 2.59, P < 0.05) as well as NKG2A/NKG2D ratio (t = 49.45, P < 0.01) and a lower expression of NKG2D (t = 3.05, P < 0.01) on CD3-CD56+ NK cells. Taken together, the findings indicate the decreased CD4+ T-cell, CD4+/CD8+ T-cell, CD4+CD25+ T-cell, CD3+CD56+ NKT-, and CD3-CD56+CD16+ NK-cell subsets, increased CD8+ T-cell subsets as well as the abnormal expression of NKG2A and NKG2D on CD3+ T and CD3-CD56 + NK cells may play a role in the etiology of SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Xian Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, People's Republic of China
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83
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Li W, Janowicz DM, Fortney KR, Katz BP, Spinola SM. Mechanism of human natural killer cell activation by Haemophilus ducreyi. J Infect Dis 2009; 200:590-8. [PMID: 19572804 DOI: 10.1086/600123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of natural killer (NK) cells in the host response to Haemophilus ducreyi infection is unclear. In pustules obtained from infected human volunteers, there was an enrichment of CD56bright NK cells bearing the activation markers CD69 and HLA-DR, compared with peripheral blood. To study the mechanism by which H. ducreyi activated NK cells, we used peripheral blood mononuclear cells from uninfected volunteers. H. ducreyi activated NK cells only in the presence of antigen-presenting cells. H. ducreyi-infected monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages activated NK cells in a contact- and interleukin-18 (IL-18)-dependent manner, whereas monocyte-derived dendritic cells induced NK activation through soluble IL-12. More lesional NK cells than peripheral blood NK cells produced IFN-gamma in response to IL-12 and IL-18. We conclude that NK cells are recruited to experimental lesions and likely are activated by infected macrophages and dendritic cells. IFN-gamma produced by lesional NK cells may facilitate phagocytosis of H. ducreyi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Department of Medicine, Center for Immunobiology, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA.
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84
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Schleinitz N, Chiche L, Guia S, Bouvier G, Vernier J, Morice A, Houssaint E, Harlé JR, Kaplanski G, Montero-Julian FA, Vély F. Pattern of DAP12 expression in leukocytes from both healthy and systemic lupus erythematosus patients. PLoS One 2009; 4:e6264. [PMID: 19606219 PMCID: PMC2707004 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0006264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2009] [Accepted: 06/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
DAP12 is an ITAM-bearing transmembrane adaptor originally identified on the surface of Natural Killer cells. A broad expression among other immune cells was later found in myeloid and lymphoid cells. However, data on DAP12 expression pattern rely only on immunoblot and microarray analysis. Here, we describe the generation and the characterization of an anti-DAP12 monoclonal antibody. Using this novel reagent, we show that DAP12 expression is restricted to innate immune cells in basal condition. Since a decreased expression of DAP12 has been suggested in NK cells of systemic lupus erythematosus patients, we have further investigated the NK cell receptor repertoire and leukocyte expression of DAP12 in these patients and no major changes were detectable when compared to controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Schleinitz
- Department of Internal Medicine, CHU Conception, AP-HM, Marseille, France
| | - Laurent Chiche
- Department of Internal Medicine, CHU Conception, AP-HM, Marseille, France
| | - Sophie Guia
- U631-UMR6102, INSERM-CNRS-Université de la Méditerranée, CIML, Marseille, France
| | - Gaëlle Bouvier
- Beckman Coulter Immunotech, Cellular Analysis Departement, Marseille, France
| | - Julie Vernier
- Beckman Coulter Immunotech, Cellular Analysis Departement, Marseille, France
| | | | | | - Jean Robert Harlé
- Department of Internal Medicine, CHU Conception, AP-HM, Marseille, France
| | - Gilles Kaplanski
- Department of Internal Medicine, CHU Conception, AP-HM, Marseille, France
| | | | - Frédéric Vély
- UMR608, INSERM-Université de la Méditerranée, Faculté de Pharmacie, Marseille, France
- * E-mail:
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Poli A, Michel T, Thérésine M, Andrès E, Hentges F, Zimmer J. CD56bright natural killer (NK) cells: an important NK cell subset. Immunology 2009; 126:458-65. [PMID: 19278419 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2008.03027.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 630] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Human natural killer (NK) cells can be subdivided into different populations based on the relative expression of the surface markers CD16 and CD56. The two major subsets are CD56(bright) CD16(dim/) (-) and CD56(dim) CD16(+), respectively. In this review, we will focus on the CD56(bright) NK cell subset. These cells are numerically in the minority in peripheral blood but constitute the majority of NK cells in secondary lymphoid tissues. They are abundant cytokine producers but are only weakly cytotoxic before activation. Recent data suggest that under certain conditions, they have immunoregulatory properties, and that they are probably immediate precursors of CD56(dim) NK cells. CD56(bright) NK cell percentages are expanded or reduced in a certain number of diseases, but the significance of these variations is not yet clear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Poli
- Laboratoire d'Immunogénétique-Allergologie, Centre de Recherche Public de la Santé, Luxembourg-City, Luxembourg
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