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Barapatre A, Jha H. Degradation of alkali lignin by two ascomycetes and free radical scavenging activity of the products. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10242422.2017.1327953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anand Barapatre
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Bilaspur, India
| | - Harit Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Bilaspur, India
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Ravi K, García-Hidalgo J, Gorwa-Grauslund MF, Lidén G. Conversion of lignin model compounds by Pseudomonas putida KT2440 and isolates from compost. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 101:5059-5070. [PMID: 28299400 PMCID: PMC5486835 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-017-8211-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Starting from mature vegetable compost, four bacterial strains were selected using a lignin-rich medium. 16S ribosomal RNA identification of the isolates showed high score similarity with Pseudomonas spp. for three out of four isolates. Further characterization of growth on mixtures of six selected lignin model compounds (vanillin, vanillate, 4-hydroxybenzoate, p-coumarate, benzoate, and ferulate) was carried out with three of the Pseudomonas isolates and in addition with the strain Pseudomonas putida KT2440 from a culture collection. The specific growth rates on benzoate, p-coumarate, and 4-hydroxybenzoate were considerably higher (0.26–0.27 h−1) than those on ferulate and vanillate (0.21 and 0.22 h−1), as were the uptake rates. There was no direct growth of P. putida KT2440 on vanillin, but instead, vanillin was rapidly converted into vanillate at a rate of 4.87 mmol (gCDW h)−1 after which the accumulated vanillate was taken up. The growth curve reflected a diauxic growth when mixtures of the model compounds were used as carbon source. Vanillin, 4-hydroxybenzoate, and benzoate were preferentially consumed first, whereas ferulate was always the last substrate to be taken in. These results contribute to a better understanding of the aromatic metabolism of P. putida in terms of growth and uptake rates, which will be helpful for the utilization of these bacteria as cell factories for upgrading lignin-derived mixtures of aromatic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krithika Ravi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Javier García-Hidalgo
- Department of Chemistry, Applied Microbiology, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Marie F Gorwa-Grauslund
- Department of Chemistry, Applied Microbiology, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Lidén
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden
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Jackson CA, Couger MB, Prabhakaran M, Ramachandriya KD, Canaan P, Fathepure BZ. Isolation and characterization of Rhizobium sp. strain YS-1r that degrades lignin in plant biomass. J Appl Microbiol 2017; 122:940-952. [PMID: 28092137 DOI: 10.1111/jam.13401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this work was to isolate novel lignin-degrading organisms. METHODS AND RESULTS Several pure cultures of bacteria that degrade lignin were isolated from bacterial consortia developed from decaying biomass. Among the isolates, Rhizobium sp. strain YS-1r (closest relative of Rhizobium petrolearium strain SL-1) was explored for its lignin-degrading ability. Microcosm studies showed that strain YS-1r was able to degrade a variety of lignin monomers, dimers and also native lignin in switchgrass and alfalfa. The isolate demonstrated lignin peroxidase (LiP) activity when grown on alkali lignin, p-anisoin, switchgrass or alfalfa, and only negligible activity was measured in glucose-grown cells suggesting inducible nature of the LiP activity. Analysis of the strain YS-1r genome revealed the presence of a variety of genes that code for various lignin-oxidizing, H2 O2 -producing as well as polysaccharide-hydrolysing enzymes. CONCLUSIONS This study shows both the genomic and physiological capability of bacteria in the genus Rhizobium to metabolize lignin and lignin-like compounds. This is the first detailed report on the lignocellulose-degrading ability of a Rhizobium species and thus this study expands the role of alpha-proteobacteria in the degradation of lignin. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The organism's ability to degrade lignin is significant since Rhizobia are widespread in soil, water and plant rhizospheres and some fix atmospheric nitrogen and also have the ability to degrade aromatic hydrocarbons.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Jackson
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - M B Couger
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - M Prabhakaran
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - K D Ramachandriya
- Department of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - P Canaan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - B Z Fathepure
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
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Tonin F, Vignali E, Pollegioni L, D’Arrigo P, Rosini E. A novel, simple screening method for investigating the properties of lignin oxidative activity. Enzyme Microb Technol 2017; 96:143-150. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2016.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Priyadarshinee R, Kumar A, Mandal T, Dasguptamandal D. Unleashing the potential of ligninolytic bacterial contributions towards pulp and paper industry: key challenges and new insights. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:23349-23368. [PMID: 27687765 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7633-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Lignocellulose biomass predominantly constitutes the main feedstock for pulp and paper industry. Though some products of pulp and paper industry require the presence of lignin content, for most of the useful products formation lies in the efficient and selective removal of lignin component to make use of the intact cellulose fraction during the pretreatment of pulp. Lignin is a recalcitrant heteropolymer comprised of several complex stable bonds and linkages. The chemicals or intense energy processes used for delignification process release the hazardous chemicals compounds in the wastewater which cause toxicity and environmental pollution. The implementation of bacterial species has elucidated an effective approach in the generation of value-added products while degrading lignin from pulp biomass as well as detoxification of effluent. The direct use of bacterial cells in lignocellulose biomass and wastewater streams is promising as it outperforms the practical and technical constraints largely confronted by fungal and enzymatic means. The present review paper thus unleashed the potential of ligninolytic bacteria towards delignification of pulp biomass and treatment of effluent together with bioconversion of biomass and lignin into value-added products. Graphical abstract Schematic illustration of potential possible contribution of ligninolytic bacteria towards pulp and paper industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Priyadarshinee
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Mahatma Gandhi Avenue, Durgapur, West Bengal, 713209, India
| | - Anuj Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Mahatma Gandhi Avenue, Durgapur, West Bengal, 713209, India
| | - Tamal Mandal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Mahatma Gandhi Avenue, Durgapur, West Bengal, 713209, India
| | - Dalia Dasguptamandal
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Mahatma Gandhi Avenue, Durgapur, West Bengal, 713209, India.
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Ma J, Zhang K, Huang M, Hector SB, Liu B, Tong C, Liu Q, Zeng J, Gao Y, Xu T, Liu Y, Liu X, Zhu Y. Involvement of Fenton chemistry in rice straw degradation by the lignocellulolytic bacterium Pantoea ananatis Sd-1. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2016; 9:211. [PMID: 27761153 PMCID: PMC5054592 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-016-0623-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lignocellulolytic bacteria have revealed to be a promising source for biofuel production, yet the underlying mechanisms are still worth exploring. Our previous study inferred that the highly efficient lignocellulose degradation by bacterium Pantoea ananatis Sd-1 might involve Fenton chemistry (Fe2+ + H2O2 + H+ → Fe3+ + OH· + H2O), similar to that of white-rot and brown-rot fungi. The aim of this work is to investigate the existence of this Fenton-based oxidation mechanism in the rice straw degradation process of P. ananatis Sd-1. RESULTS After 3 days incubation of unpretreated rice straw with P. ananatis Sd-1, the percentage in weight reduction of rice straw as well as its cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin components reached 46.7, 43.1, 42.9, and 37.9 %, respectively. The addition of different hydroxyl radical scavengers resulted in a significant decline (P < 0.001) in rice straw degradation. Pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis revealed the consistency of chemical changes of rice straw components that exists between P. ananatis Sd-1 and Fenton reagent treatment. In addition to the increased total iron ion concentration throughout the rice straw decomposition process, the Fe3+-reducing capacity of P. ananatis Sd-1 was induced by rice straw and predominantly contributed by aromatic compounds metabolites. The transcript levels of the glucose-methanol-choline oxidoreductase gene related to hydrogen peroxide production were significantly up-regulated (at least P < 0.01) in rice straw cultures. Higher activities of GMC oxidoreductase and less hydrogen peroxide concentration in rice straw cultures relative to glucose cultures may be responsible for increasing rice straw degradation, which includes Fenton-like reactions. CONCLUSIONS Our results confirmed the Fenton chemistry-assisted degradation model in P. ananatis Sd-1. We are among the first to show that a Fenton-based oxidation mechanism exists in a bacteria degradation system, which provides a new perspective for how natural plant biomass is decomposed by bacteria. This degradative system may offer an alternative approach to the fungi system for lignocellulosic biofuels production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangshan Ma
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410008 Hunan People’s Republic of China
| | - Keke Zhang
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410008 Hunan People’s Republic of China
| | - Mei Huang
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410008 Hunan People’s Republic of China
| | - Stanton B. Hector
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Plant Biotechnology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602 South Africa
- DNA Sequencing Unit, Central Analytical Facility, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602 South Africa
| | - Bin Liu
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410008 Hunan People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunyi Tong
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410008 Hunan People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian Liu
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410008 Hunan People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiarui Zeng
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410008 Hunan People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Gao
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410008 Hunan People’s Republic of China
| | - Ting Xu
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410008 Hunan People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Liu
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410008 Hunan People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuanming Liu
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410008 Hunan People’s Republic of China
| | - Yonghua Zhu
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410008 Hunan People’s Republic of China
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Ma Z, Li S, Fang G, Patil N, Yan N. Modification of chemical reactivity of enzymatic hydrolysis lignin by ultrasound treatment in dilute alkaline solutions. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 93:1279-1284. [PMID: 27693747 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.09.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we have explored various ultrasound treatment conditions for structural modification of enzymatic hydrolysis lignin (EHL) for enhanced chemical reactivity. The key structural modifications were characterized by using a combination of analytical methods, including, Fourier Transform-Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H NMR), Gel permeation chromatography (GPC), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Folin-Ciocalteu (F-C) method. Chemical reactivity of the modified EHL samples was determined by both 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity and their reactivity towards formaldehyde. It was observed that the modified EHL had a higher phenolic hydroxyl group content, a lower molecular weight, a higher reactivity towards formaldehyde, and a greater antioxidant property. The higher reactivity demonstrated by the samples after treatment suggesting that ultrasound is a promising method for modifying enzymatic hydrolysis lignin for value-added applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoming Ma
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Shujun Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China.
| | - Guizhen Fang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Nikhil Patil
- Faculty of Forestry and Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3B3, Canada
| | - Ning Yan
- Faculty of Forestry and Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3B3, Canada.
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Palazzolo MA, Kurina-Sanz M. Microbial utilization of lignin: available biotechnologies for its degradation and valorization. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 32:173. [PMID: 27565783 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-016-2128-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Lignocellulosic biomasses, either from non-edible plants or from agricultural residues, stock biomacromolecules that can be processed to produce both energy and bioproducts. Therefore, they become major candidates to replace petroleum as the main source of energy. However, to shift the fossil-based economy to a bio-based one, it is imperative to develop robust biotechnologies to efficiently convert lignocellulosic streams in power and platform chemicals. Although most of the biomass processing facilities use celluloses and hemicelluloses to produce bioethanol and paper, there is no consolidated bioprocess to produce valuable compounds out of lignin at industrial scale available currently. Usually, lignin is burned to provide heat or it remains as a by-product in different streams, thus arising environmental concerns. In this way, the biorefinery concept is not extended to completion. Due to Nature offers an arsenal of biotechnological tools through microorganisms to accomplish lignin valorization or degradation, an increasing number of projects dealing with these tasks have been described recently. In this review, outstanding reports over the last 6 years are described, comprising the microbial utilization of lignin to produce a variety of valuable compounds as well as to diminish its ecological impact. Furthermore, perspectives on these topics are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martín A Palazzolo
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Tecnología Química, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, CONICET, Area de Química Orgánica, FQByF, 5700, San Luis, Argentina.
| | - Marcela Kurina-Sanz
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Tecnología Química, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, CONICET, Area de Química Orgánica, FQByF, 5700, San Luis, Argentina
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Raut MP, Couto N, Pham TK, Evans C, Noirel J, Wright PC. Quantitative proteomic analysis of the influence of lignin on biofuel production by Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2016; 9:113. [PMID: 27247624 PMCID: PMC4886415 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-016-0523-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clostridium acetobutylicum has been a focus of research because of its ability to produce high-value compounds that can be used as biofuels. Lignocellulose is a promising feedstock, but the lignin-cellulose-hemicellulose biomass complex requires chemical pre-treatment to yield fermentable saccharides, including cellulose-derived cellobiose, prior to bioproduction of acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) and hydrogen. Fermentation capability is limited by lignin and thus process optimization requires knowledge of lignin inhibition. The effects of lignin on cellular metabolism were evaluated for C. acetobutylicum grown on medium containing either cellobiose only or cellobiose plus lignin. Microscopy, gas chromatography and 8-plex iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomic technologies were applied to interrogate the effect of lignin on cellular morphology, fermentation and the proteome. RESULTS Our results demonstrate that C. acetobutylicum has reduced performance for solvent production when lignin is present in the medium. Medium supplemented with 1 g L(-1) of lignin led to delay and decreased solvents production (ethanol; 0.47 g L(-1) for cellobiose and 0.27 g L(-1) for cellobiose plus lignin and butanol; 0.13 g L(-1) for cellobiose and 0.04 g L(-1) for cellobiose plus lignin) at 20 and 48 h, respectively, resulting in the accumulation of acetic acid and butyric acid. Of 583 identified proteins (FDR < 1 %), 328 proteins were quantified with at least two unique peptides. Up- or down-regulation of protein expression was determined by comparison of exponential and stationary phases of cellobiose in the presence and absence of lignin. Of relevance, glycolysis and fermentative pathways were mostly down-regulated, during exponential and stationary growth phases in presence of lignin. Moreover, proteins involved in DNA repair, transcription/translation and GTP/ATP-dependent activities were also significantly affected and these changes were associated with altered cell morphology. CONCLUSIONS This is the first comprehensive analysis of the cellular responses of C. acetobutylicum to lignin at metabolic and physiological levels. These data will enable targeted metabolic engineering strategies to optimize biofuel production from biomass by overcoming limitations imposed by the presence of lignin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahendra P. Raut
- />The ChELSI Institute, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield, S1 3JD UK
| | - Narciso Couto
- />The ChELSI Institute, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield, S1 3JD UK
| | - Trong K. Pham
- />The ChELSI Institute, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield, S1 3JD UK
| | - Caroline Evans
- />The ChELSI Institute, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield, S1 3JD UK
| | - Josselin Noirel
- />The ChELSI Institute, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield, S1 3JD UK
- />Chaire de Bioinformatique, LGBA, Conservatoire National Des Arts Et Métiers, 75003 Paris, France
| | - Phillip C. Wright
- />The ChELSI Institute, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield, S1 3JD UK
- />School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, Faculty of Science, Agriculture & Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU UK
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Kameshwar AKS, Qin W. Recent Developments in Using Advanced Sequencing Technologies for the Genomic Studies of Lignin and Cellulose Degrading Microorganisms. Int J Biol Sci 2016; 12:156-71. [PMID: 26884714 PMCID: PMC4737673 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.13537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Lignin is a complex polyphenyl aromatic compound which exists in tight associations with cellulose and hemicellulose to form plant primary and secondary cell wall. Lignocellulose is an abundant renewable biomaterial present on the earth. It has gained much attention in the scientific community in recent years because of its potential applications in bio-based industries. Microbial degradation of lignocellulose polymers was well studied in wood decaying fungi. Based on the plant materials they degrade these fungi were classified as white rot, brown rot and soft rot. However, some groups of bacteria belonging to the actinomycetes, α-proteobacteria and β-proteobacteria were also found to be efficient in degrading lignocellulosic biomass but not well understood unlike the fungi. In this review we focus on recent advancements deployed for finding and understanding the lignocellulose degradation by microorganisms. Conventional molecular methods like sequencing 16s rRNA and Inter Transcribed Spacer (ITS) regions were used for identification and classification of microbes. Recent progression in genomics mainly next generation sequencing technologies made the whole genome sequencing of microbes possible in a great ease. The whole genome sequence studies reveals high quality information about genes and canonical pathways involved in the lignin and other cell wall components degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wensheng Qin
- Department of Biology, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, Ontario, P7B 5E1, Canada
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61
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Bacterial Enzymes for Lignin Oxidation and Conversion to Renewable Chemicals. PRODUCTION OF BIOFUELS AND CHEMICALS FROM LIGNIN 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-1965-4_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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62
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Dai Y, Si M, Chen Y, Zhang N, Zhou M, Liao Q, Shi D, Liu Y. Combination of biological pretreatment with NaOH/Urea pretreatment at cold temperature to enhance enzymatic hydrolysis of rice straw. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 198:725-731. [PMID: 26452179 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.09.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2015] [Revised: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A stepwise pretreatment of combination of bacterial treatment with NaOH/Urea (NU) treatment was conducted to enhance enzymatic hydrolysis of rice straw (RS). The results showed that the composition of RS changed significantly, the lignin and hemicellulose decreased while cellulose increased. The biological treatment with a bacterium Sphingobacterium sp. LD-1 achieved mild conditions for the sequential NU treatment, reducing the concentration of the NU solution from 7%/12% to 4%/6% and increasing the temperature from -20°C to -10°C. The saccharification of rice straw co-treated with bacterium Sphingobacterium sp. LD-1 and 4%/6% NU at -10°C resulted in 1.396-fold and 1.372-fold increase of reducing sugar and glucose yield respectively than that of sole NU treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youzhi Dai
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan City 411105, China
| | - Mengying Si
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan City 411105, China
| | - Yuehui Chen
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan City 411105, China.
| | - Nianlei Zhang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan City 411105, China
| | - Mo Zhou
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan City 411105, China
| | - Qi Liao
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; Chinese National Engineering Research Centre for Control and Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Deqiang Shi
- Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530007, China
| | - Yine Liu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan City 411105, China
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Duan J, Huo X, Du W, Liang J, Wang D, Yang S. Biodegradation of kraft lignin by a newly isolated anaerobic bacterial strain, Acetoanaerobium
sp. WJDL-Y2. Lett Appl Microbiol 2015; 62:55-62. [DOI: 10.1111/lam.12508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Revised: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Duan
- Department of Environmental Engineering; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an China
| | - X. Huo
- Department of Environmental Engineering; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an China
| | - W.J. Du
- Department of Environmental Engineering; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an China
| | - J.D. Liang
- Department of Environmental Engineering; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an China
- State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soil Engineering; Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute; Chinese Academy of Science; Lanzhou China
| | - D.Q. Wang
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Hydraulic Engineering in Arid Area; Xi'an University of Technology; Xi'an China
| | - S.C. Yang
- Department of Environmental Engineering; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an China
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Ceuppens S, Delbeke S, De Coninck D, Boussemaere J, Boon N, Uyttendaele M. Characterization of the Bacterial Community Naturally Present on Commercially Grown Basil Leaves: Evaluation of Sample Preparation Prior to Culture-Independent Techniques. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2015; 12:10171-97. [PMID: 26308033 PMCID: PMC4555336 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph120810171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Revised: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Fresh herbs such as basil constitute an important food commodity worldwide. Basil provides considerable culinary and health benefits, but has also been implicated in foodborne illnesses. The naturally occurring bacterial community on basil leaves is currently unknown, so the epiphytic bacterial community was investigated using the culture-independent techniques denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and next-generation sequencing (NGS). Sample preparation had a major influence on the results from DGGE and NGS: Novosphingobium was the dominant genus for three different basil batches obtained by maceration of basil leaves, while washing of the leaves yielded lower numbers but more variable dominant bacterial genera including Klebsiella, Pantoea, Flavobacterium, Sphingobacterium and Pseudomonas. During storage of basil, bacterial growth and shifts in the bacterial community were observed with DGGE and NGS. Spoilage was not associated with specific bacterial groups and presumably caused by physiological tissue deterioration and visual defects, rather than by bacterial growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siele Ceuppens
- Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Department of Food Safety and Food Quality, Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Food Preservation (LFMFP), Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium.
| | - Stefanie Delbeke
- Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Department of Food Safety and Food Quality, Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Food Preservation (LFMFP), Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium.
| | - Dieter De Coninck
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutics, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology (LabFBT), Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium.
| | - Jolien Boussemaere
- Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Department of Food Safety and Food Quality, Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Food Preservation (LFMFP), Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium.
| | - Nico Boon
- Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Department of Biochemical and Microbial Technology, Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Technology (LabMET), Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium.
| | - Mieke Uyttendaele
- Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Department of Food Safety and Food Quality, Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Food Preservation (LFMFP), Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium.
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Pold G, Melillo JM, DeAngelis KM. Two decades of warming increases diversity of a potentially lignolytic bacterial community. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:480. [PMID: 26042112 PMCID: PMC4438230 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As Earth's climate warms, the massive stores of carbon found in soil are predicted to become depleted, and leave behind a smaller carbon pool that is less accessible to microbes. At a long-term forest soil-warming experiment in central Massachusetts, soil respiration and bacterial diversity have increased, while fungal biomass and microbially-accessible soil carbon have decreased. Here, we evaluate how warming has affected the microbial community's capability to degrade chemically-complex soil carbon using lignin-amended BioSep beads. We profiled the bacterial and fungal communities using PCR-based methods and completed extracellular enzyme assays as a proxy for potential community function. We found that lignin-amended beads selected for a distinct community containing bacterial taxa closely related to known lignin degraders, as well as members of many genera not previously noted as capable of degrading lignin. Warming tended to drive bacterial community structure more strongly in the lignin beads, while the effect on the fungal community was limited to unamended beads. Of those bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs) enriched by the warming treatment, many were enriched uniquely on lignin-amended beads. These taxa may be contributing to enhanced soil respiration under warming despite reduced readily available C availability. In aggregate, these results suggest that there is genetic potential for chemically complex soil carbon degradation that may lead to extended elevated soil respiration with long-term warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Pold
- Microbiology Department, University of Massachusetts Amherst, MA, USA ; Graduate Program in Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, MA, USA
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66
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Paliwal R, Uniyal S, Rai JPN. Evaluating the potential of immobilized bacterial consortium for black liquor biodegradation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:6842-6853. [PMID: 25433900 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-3872-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2014] [Accepted: 11/16/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Two indigenous bacterial strains, Bacillus megaterium ETLB-1 (accession no. KC767548) and Pseudomonas plecoglossicida ETLB-3 (accession no. KC767547), isolated from soil contaminated with paper mill effluent, were co-immobilized on corncob cubes to investigate their biodegradation potential against black liquor (BL). Results exhibit conspicuous reduction in color and lignin of BL upto 913.46 Co-Pt and 531.45 mg l(-1), respectively. Reduction in chlorophenols up to 12 mg l(-1) was recorded with highest release of chloride ions, i.e., 1290 mg l(-1). Maximum enzyme activity for lignin peroxidase (LiP), manganese peroxidase (MnP), and laccase (LAC) was recorded as 5.06, 8.13, and 8.23 U ml(-1), respectively, during the treatment. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed successful immobilization of bacterial strains in porous structures of biomaterial. Gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GC/MS) showed formation of certain low molecular weight metabolites such as 4-hydroxy-benzoic acid, 3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde, ferulic acid, and t-cinnamic acid and removal of majority of the compounds (such as teratogenic phthalate derivatives) during the period of treatment. Results demonstrated that the indigenous bacterial consortium possesses excellent decolorization and lignin degradation capability which enables its commercial utilization in effluents treatment system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Paliwal
- Ecotechnology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Science, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, 263 145, India,
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67
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Shi Y, Chai L, Tang C, Yang Z, Zheng Y, Chen Y, Jing Q. Biochemical investigation of kraft lignin degradation by Pandoraea sp. B-6 isolated from bamboo slips. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2013; 36:1957-65. [PMID: 23877715 PMCID: PMC3825317 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-013-0972-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Accepted: 05/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Kraft lignin (KL) is the major pollutant in black liquor. The bacterial strain Pandoraea sp. B-6 was able to degrade KL without any co-substrate under high alkaline conditions. At least 38.2 % of chemical oxygen demand and 41.6 % of color were removed in 7 days at concentrations from 1 to 6 g L(-1). The optimum pH for KL degradation was 10 and the optimum temperature was 30 °C. The greatest activities of 2,249.2 U L(-1) for manganese peroxidase and 1,120.6 U L(-1) for laccase were detected on the third and fifth day at pH 10, respectively. Many small molecules, such as cinnamic acid, ferulic acid, 2-hydroxy benzyl alcohol, and vanillyl methyl ketone, were formed during the period of KL degradation based on GC-MS analysis. These results indicate that this strain has great potential for biotreatment of black liquor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Shi
- School of Metallurgical Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410017 Hunan People’s Republic of China
| | - Liyuan Chai
- School of Metallurgical Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410017 Hunan People’s Republic of China
- Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control and Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha, 410017 People’s Republic of China
| | - Chongjian Tang
- School of Metallurgical Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410017 Hunan People’s Republic of China
- Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control and Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha, 410017 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhihui Yang
- School of Metallurgical Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410017 Hunan People’s Republic of China
- Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control and Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha, 410017 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Zheng
- School of Metallurgical Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410017 Hunan People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuehui Chen
- School of Metallurgical Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410017 Hunan People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingxiu Jing
- School of Metallurgical Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410017 Hunan People’s Republic of China
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Xiong XQ, Liao HD, Ma JS, Liu XM, Zhang LY, Shi XW, Yang XL, Lu XN, Zhu YH. Isolation of a rice endophytic bacterium, Pantoea
sp. Sd-1, with ligninolytic activity and characterization of its rice straw degradation ability. Lett Appl Microbiol 2013; 58:123-9. [DOI: 10.1111/lam.12163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Revised: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- X. Q. Xiong
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation; College of Biology; Hunan University; Changsha China
- Guizhou Institute of Upland Crops; Guiyang Guizhou
| | - H. D. Liao
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation; College of Biology; Hunan University; Changsha China
| | - J. S. Ma
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation; College of Biology; Hunan University; Changsha China
| | - X. M. Liu
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation; College of Biology; Hunan University; Changsha China
| | - L. Y. Zhang
- Guizhou Institute of Upland Crops; Guiyang Guizhou
| | - X. W. Shi
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation; College of Biology; Hunan University; Changsha China
| | - X. L. Yang
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation; College of Biology; Hunan University; Changsha China
| | - X. N. Lu
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation; College of Biology; Hunan University; Changsha China
| | - Y. H. Zhu
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation; College of Biology; Hunan University; Changsha China
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Chai LY, Chen YH, Tang CJ, Yang ZH, Zheng Y, Shi Y. Depolymerization and decolorization of kraft lignin by bacterium Comamonas sp. B-9. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 98:1907-12. [PMID: 23948726 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-013-5166-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2012] [Revised: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
There is no commercial or industrial-scale process for the remediation of black liquor using microorganisms to date. One of the most important causes is that most microorganisms are not able to use lignin as their principal metabolic carbon or energy source. The bacterial strain Comamonas sp. B-9 has shown remarkable ability to degrade kraft lignin and decolorize black liquor using lignin as its principal metabolic carbon and energy source. This report looks at the depolymerization and decolorization of kraft lignin by Comamonas sp. B-9. The degradation, decolorization, and total carbon removal reached 45, 54, and 47.3%, respectively, after 7 days treatment. Comamonas sp. B-9 was capable of depolymerizing kraft lignin effectively as analyzed by gel permeation chromatography and decolorization via degrading benzene ring structures as shown using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-yuan Chai
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410017, People's Republic of China,
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70
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Weiss M, Kesberg AI, Labutti KM, Pitluck S, Bruce D, Hauser L, Copeland A, Woyke T, Lowry S, Lucas S, Land M, Goodwin L, Kjelleberg S, Cook AM, Buhmann M, Thomas T, Schleheck D. Permanent draft genome sequence of Comamonas testosteroni KF-1. Stand Genomic Sci 2013; 8:239-54. [PMID: 23991256 PMCID: PMC3746432 DOI: 10.4056/sigs.3847890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Comamonas testosteroni KF-1 is a model organism for the elucidation of the novel biochemical degradation pathways for xenobiotic 4-sulfophenylcarboxylates (SPC) formed during biodegradation of synthetic 4-sulfophenylalkane surfactants (linear alkylbenzenesulfonates, LAS) by bacterial communities. Here we describe the features of this organism, together with the complete genome sequence and annotation. The 6,026,527 bp long chromosome (one sequencing gap) exhibits an average G+C content of 61.79% and is predicted to encode 5,492 protein-coding genes and 114 RNA genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Weiss
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Konstanz, Germany ; Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology, University of Konstanz, Germany
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71
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Zheng Y, Chai L, Yang Z, Chen Y, Shi Y, Wang Y. Environmentally safe treatment of black liquor withComamonassp. B-9 under high-alkaline conditions. J Basic Microbiol 2013; 54:152-61. [DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201200340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2012] [Accepted: 11/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zheng
- Institute of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Metallurgical Science and Engineering, Central South University; Changsha P. R. China
| | - Liyuan Chai
- Institute of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Metallurgical Science and Engineering, Central South University; Changsha P. R. China
- Chinese National Engineering Research, Center for Control and Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution; Changsha P. R. China
| | - Zhihui Yang
- Institute of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Metallurgical Science and Engineering, Central South University; Changsha P. R. China
- Chinese National Engineering Research, Center for Control and Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution; Changsha P. R. China
| | - Yuehui Chen
- Institute of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Metallurgical Science and Engineering, Central South University; Changsha P. R. China
| | - Yan Shi
- Institute of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Metallurgical Science and Engineering, Central South University; Changsha P. R. China
| | - Yangyang Wang
- Institute of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Metallurgical Science and Engineering, Central South University; Changsha P. R. China
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Huang XF, Santhanam N, Badri DV, Hunter WJ, Manter DK, Decker SR, Vivanco JM, Reardon KF. Isolation and characterization of lignin-degrading bacteria from rainforest soils. Biotechnol Bioeng 2013; 110:1616-26. [PMID: 23297115 DOI: 10.1002/bit.24833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2012] [Revised: 11/21/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The deconstruction of lignin to enhance the release of fermentable sugars from plant cell walls presents a challenge for biofuels production from lignocellulosic biomass. The discovery of novel lignin-degrading enzymes from bacteria could provide advantages over fungal enzymes in terms of their production and relative ease of protein engineering. In this study, 140 bacterial strains isolated from soils of a biodiversity-rich rainforest in Peru were screened based on their oxidative activity on ABTS, a laccase substrate. Strain C6 (Bacillus pumilus) and strain B7 (Bacillus atrophaeus) were selected for their high laccase activity and identified by 16S rDNA analysis. Strains B7 and C6 degraded fragments of Kraft lignin and the lignin model dimer guaiacylglycerol-β-guaiacyl ether, the most abundant linkage in lignin. Finally, LC-MS analysis of incubations of strains B7 and C6 with poplar biomass in rich and minimal media revealed that a higher number of compounds were released in the minimal medium than in the rich one. These findings provide important evidence that bacterial enzymes can degrade and/or modify lignin and contribute to the release of fermentable sugars from lignocellulose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Feng Huang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1370, USA
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Shi Y, Chai L, Tang C, Yang Z, Zhang H, Chen R, Chen Y, Zheng Y. Characterization and genomic analysis of kraft lignin biodegradation by the beta-proteobacterium Cupriavidus basilensis B-8. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2013; 6:1. [PMID: 24225035 PMCID: PMC3560178 DOI: 10.1186/1754-6834-6-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2012] [Accepted: 12/21/2012] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lignin materials are abundant and among the most important potential sources for biofuel production. Development of an efficient lignin degradation process has considerable potential for the production of a variety of chemicals, including bioethanol. However, lignin degradation using current methods is inefficient. Given their immense environmental adaptability and biochemical versatility, bacterial could be used as a valuable tool for the rapid degradation of lignin. Kraft lignin (KL) is a polymer by-product of the pulp and paper industry resulting from alkaline sulfide treatment of lignocellulose, and it has been widely used for lignin-related studies. RESULTS Beta-proteobacterium Cupriavidus basilensis B-8 isolated from erosive bamboo slips displayed substantial KL degradation capability. With initial concentrations of 0.5-6 g L-1, at least 31.3% KL could be degraded in 7 days. The maximum degradation rate was 44.4% at the initial concentration of 2 g L-1. The optimum pH and temperature for KL degradation were 7.0 and 30°C, respectively. Manganese peroxidase (MnP) and laccase (Lac) demonstrated their greatest level of activity, 1685.3 U L-1 and 815.6 U L-1, at the third and fourth days, respectively. Many small molecule intermediates were formed during the process of KL degradation, as determined using GC-MS analysis. In order to perform metabolic reconstruction of lignin degradation in this bacterium, a draft genome sequence for C. basilensis B-8 was generated. Genomic analysis focused on the catabolic potential of this bacterium against several lignin-derived compounds. These analyses together with sequence comparisons predicted the existence of three major metabolic pathways: β-ketoadipate, phenol degradation, and gentisate pathways. CONCLUSION These results confirmed the capability of C. basilensis B-8 to promote KL degradation. Whole genomic sequencing and systematic analysis of the C. basilensis B-8 genome identified degradation steps and intermediates from this bacterial-mediated KL degradation method. Our findings provide a theoretical basis for research into the mechanisms of lignin degradation as well as a practical basis for biofuel production using lignin materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Shi
- School of Metallurgical Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410017, PR China
| | - Liyuan Chai
- School of Metallurgical Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410017, PR China
- Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha, 410017, PR China
| | - Chongjian Tang
- School of Metallurgical Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410017, PR China
- Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha, 410017, PR China
| | - Zhihui Yang
- School of Metallurgical Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410017, PR China
- Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha, 410017, PR China
| | - Huan Zhang
- School of Metallurgical Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410017, PR China
| | - Runhua Chen
- School of Metallurgical Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410017, PR China
| | - Yuehui Chen
- School of Metallurgical Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410017, PR China
| | - Yu Zheng
- School of Metallurgical Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410017, PR China
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Fang W, Fang Z, Zhou P, Chang F, Hong Y, Zhang X, Peng H, Xiao Y. Evidence for lignin oxidation by the giant panda fecal microbiome. PLoS One 2012; 7:e50312. [PMID: 23209704 PMCID: PMC3508987 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0050312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Accepted: 10/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The digestion of lignin and lignin-related phenolic compounds from bamboo by giant pandas has puzzled scientists because of the lack of lignin-degrading genes in the genome of the bamboo-feeding animals. We constructed a 16S rRNA gene library from the microorganisms derived from the giant panda feces to identify the possibility for the presence of potential lignin-degrading bacteria. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the phylotypes of the intestinal bacteria were affiliated with the phyla Proteobacteria (53%) and Firmicutes (47%). Two phylotypes were affiliated with the known lignin-degrading bacterium Pseudomonas putida and the mangrove forest bacteria. To test the hypothesis that microbes in the giant panda gut help degrade lignin, a metagenomic library of the intestinal bacteria was constructed and screened for clones that contained genes encoding laccase, a lignin-degrading related enzyme. A multicopper oxidase gene, designated as lac51, was identified from a metagenomic clone. Sequence analysis and copper content determination indicated that Lac51 is a laccase rather than a metallo-oxidase and may work outside its original host cell because it has a TAT-type signal peptide and a transmembrane segment at its N-terminus. Lac51 oxidizes a variety of lignin-related phenolic compounds, including syringaldazine, 2,6-dimethoxyphenol, ferulic acid, veratryl alcohol, guaiacol, and sinapinic acid at conditions that simulate the physiologic environment in giant panda intestines. Furthermore, in the presence of 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), syringic acid, or ferulic acid as mediators, the oxidative ability of Lac51 on lignin was promoted. The absorbance of lignin at 445 nm decreased to 36% for ABTS, 51% for syringic acid, and 51% for ferulic acid after incubation for 10 h. Our findings demonstrate that the intestinal bacteria of giant pandas may facilitate the oxidation of lignin moieties, thereby clarifying the digestion of bamboo lignin by the animal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Fang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Microorganisms and Biocatalysis, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zemin Fang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Microorganisms and Biocatalysis, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Peng Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Microorganisms and Biocatalysis, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Fei Chang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Microorganisms and Biocatalysis, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yuzhi Hong
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Microorganisms and Biocatalysis, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xuecheng Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Microorganisms and Biocatalysis, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Hui Peng
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Microorganisms and Biocatalysis, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yazhong Xiao
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Microorganisms and Biocatalysis, Hefei, Anhui, China
- * E-mail:
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Zheng Y, Chai LY, Yang ZH, Tang CJ, Chen YH, Shi Y. Enhanced remediation of black liquor by activated sludge bioaugmented with a novel exogenous microorganism culture. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 97:6525-35. [PMID: 23053102 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-012-4453-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2012] [Revised: 09/18/2012] [Accepted: 09/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Black liquor (BL) is a notoriously difficult wastewater to treat due to the economic and efficiency limitations of physiochemical methods and intrinsic difficulties with bioremediation strategies caused by the high pH (10-13) and lignin content. This study investigated the feasibility of a novel bioaugmentation strategy for BL treatment, which uses a mixed microorganism culture of lignocellulose-degrading microorganisms isolated from degraded bamboo slips. Black liquor treatment was assessed in terms of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and color removal with a sequencing batch reactor organic loading rate of 9 kg COD/L·day under highly alkaline conditions (pH 10). Results revealed that bioaugmented activated sludge treatment of BL with special mixed microorganisms significantly enhanced the removal efficiency of COD, color, and lignin from the wastewater up to 64.8, 50.5, and 53.2 %, respectively. Gel permeation chromatography profiles showed that the bioaugmentation system could successfully degrade high molecular lignin fragments in black liquor. This work confirms bioaugmentation as a feasible alternative strategy for enhanced biological treatment of wastewater with high lignin content and high organic load rate under strongly alkaline conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zheng
- Institute of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Metallurgical Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, People's Republic of China
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