51
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Effects of ceragenins and conventional antimicrobials on Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus mono and multispecies biofilms. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2019; 95:114863. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2019.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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52
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Synthesis of new pyrazolo[5,1-c][1,2,4]triazines with antifungal and antibiofilm activities. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-019-00974-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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53
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Arzmi MH, Dashper S, McCullough M. Polymicrobial interactions of Candida albicans and its role in oral carcinogenesis. J Oral Pathol Med 2019; 48:546-551. [PMID: 31183906 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The oral microbiome is composed of microorganisms residing in the oral cavity, which are critical components of health and disease. Disruption of the oral microbiome has been proven to influence the course of oral diseases, especially among immunocompromised patients. Oral microbiome is comprised of inter-kingdom microorganisms, including yeasts such as Candida albicans, bacteria, archaea and viruses. These microorganisms can interact synergistically, mutualistically and antagonistically, wherein the sum of these interactions dictates the composition of the oral microbiome. For instance, polymicrobial interactions can improve the ability of C albicans to form biofilm, which subsequently increases the colonisation of oral mucosa by the yeast. Polymicrobial interactions of C albicans with other members of the oral microbiome have been reported to enhance the malignant phenotype of oral cancer cells, such as the attachment to extracellular matrix molecules (ECM) and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Polymicrobial interactions may also exacerbate an inflammatory response in oral epithelial cells, which may play a role in carcinogenesis. This review focuses on the role of polymicrobial interactions between C albicans and other oral microorganisms, including its role in promoting oral carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Hafiz Arzmi
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Fundamental Dental and Medical Sciences, Kulliyyah of Dentistry, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Stuart Dashper
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael McCullough
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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54
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Photodynamic Antimicrobial Chemotherapy (PACT) using methylene blue inhibits the viability of the biofilm produced by Candida albicans. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2019; 26:316-323. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2019.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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55
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Chevalier M, Doglio A, Rajendran R, Ramage G, Prêcheur I, Ranque S. Inhibition of adhesion-specific genes by Solidago virgaurea extract causes loss of Candida albicans biofilm integrity. J Appl Microbiol 2019; 127:68-77. [PMID: 31013388 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Candida albicans biofilms are commonly associated with severe oral infections. We previously discovered that a crude extract from the Solidago virgaurea plant (SV extract) was a potent inhibitor of C. albicans biofilm formation. Here, we further investigate the mechanisms underlying C. albicans biofilm inhibition by the SV extract. METHODS AND RESULTS The SV extract was shown to inhibit laboratory and clinical C. albicans isolates adherence and hyphal transition on inert support and epithelial human cells, without affecting viability and growth of planktonic yeasts. Interestingly, RT-PCR-based experiments demonstrated that some key genes involved in adhesion and hyphal morphological switch (e.g. Hwp1p, Ece1p, Als3p) were strongly down-regulated by the SV extract. Moreover, antimicrobial synergy testing (checkerboard assay) demonstrated that antifungal effects of miconazole, nystatin or a common antiseptic mouthwash were synergistically improved when used in combination with the SV extract. CONCLUSIONS The SV extract prevents C. albicans biofilm formation through direct inhibition of key adherence and hyphae-associated genes. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Biofilm is considered as a key virulence factor of C. albicans infection. Our discovery of an inhibitor specifically acting on genes involved in biofilm formation paves the way for the future development of a new class of antifungal product.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Chevalier
- Micoralis, UFR Odontologie, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France.,AP-HM, IRD, VITROME, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Université Aix-Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - A Doglio
- Micoralis, UFR Odontologie, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France.,Unité de Thérapie Cellulaire et Génique (UTCG), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Nice, France
| | - R Rajendran
- Infection and Immunity Research Group, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - G Ramage
- Infection and Immunity Research Group, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - I Prêcheur
- Micoralis, UFR Odontologie, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France.,Pôle Odontologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Nice, France
| | - S Ranque
- AP-HM, IRD, VITROME, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Université Aix-Marseille, Marseille, France
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56
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Da W, Shao J, Li Q, Shi G, Wang T, Wu D, Wang C. Extraction of Extracellular Matrix in Static and Dynamic Candida Biofilms Using Cation Exchange Resin and Untargeted Analysis of Matrix Metabolites by Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS). Front Microbiol 2019; 10:752. [PMID: 31110494 PMCID: PMC6499207 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungal infections caused by Candida albicans poses a great threat to human health. The ability of biofilm formation is believed to be associated with resistance-related Candida infections. Currently, knowledge on extracellular matrix (EM) of C. albicans biofilm is limited. In this study, we introduced ion exchange resin, i.e., cation exchange resin (CER) and anion exchange resin (AER), in EM extraction of C. albicans biofilm as well as several non-albicans Candida (NAC) biofilms under static and dynamic states in combination with vortexing and ultrasonication (VU). The metabolites extracted from the dynamic C. albicans biofilm matrix using the CER-VU and VU were identified with ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) via untargeted filtration. Compared with other physical and chemical extraction methods, CER-VU was demonstrated to be an ideal approach with high-yield acquisitions of EM constituents including proteins, triglycerides and carbohydrates and low-level damages on fungal cell viability and integrity. The untargeted MS analysis further showed the high efficacy of CER-VU, as a large quantity of metabolites (217 versus 198) was matched comprising a great number of lipids, carbohydrates, amino acids, nucleic acids and their derivatives together with a high involvement of signaling pathways compared with the VU alone. However, combining the results from both the CER-VU and VU methods could generate more metabolites. In summary, the EM analysis of the dynamic C. albicans biofilm expands our understanding upon a comprehensive depiction of matrix components and provides another effective approach for EM extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyue Da
- Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (College of Life Science), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Jing Shao
- Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (College of Life Science), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Qianqian Li
- Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (College of Life Science), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Gaoxiang Shi
- Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (College of Life Science), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Tianming Wang
- Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (College of Life Science), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Daqiang Wu
- Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (College of Life Science), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Changzhong Wang
- Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (College of Life Science), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
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57
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Synergistic Antifungal Effect of Amphotericin B-Loaded Poly(Lactic-Co-Glycolic Acid) Nanoparticles and Ultrasound against Candida albicans Biofilms. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2019; 63:AAC.02022-18. [PMID: 30670414 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02022-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans is a human opportunistic pathogen that causes superficial and life-threatening infections. An important reason for the failure of current antifungal drugs is related to biofilm formation, mostly associated with implanted medical devices. The present study investigated the synergistic antifungal efficacy of low-frequency and low-intensity ultrasound combined with amphotericin B (AmB)-loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles (AmB-NPs) against C. albicans biofilms. AmB-NPs were prepared by a double-emulsion method and demonstrated lower toxicity than free AmB. We then established biofilms and treated them with ultrasound and AmB-NPs separately or jointly in vitro and in vivo The results demonstrated that the activity, biomass, and proteinase and phospholipase activities of biofilms were decreased significantly after the combination treatment of AmB-NPs with 42 kHz of ultrasound irradiation at an intensity of 0.30 W/cm2 for 15 min compared with the controls, with AmB alone, or with ultrasound treatment alone (P < 0.01). The morphology of the biofilms was altered remarkably after joint treatment based on confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), especially in regard to reduced thickness and loosened structure. Furthermore, the same synergistic effects were found in a subcutaneous catheter biofilm rat model. The number of CFU from the catheter exhibited a significant reduction after joint treatment with AmB-NP and ultrasound for seven continuous days, and CLSM and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images revealed that the biofilm on the catheter surface was substantially eliminated. This method may provide a new noninvasive, safe, and effective therapy for C. albicans biofilm infection.
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58
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Wang T, Shao J, Da W, Li Q, Shi G, Wu D, Wang C. Strong Synergism of Palmatine and Fluconazole/Itraconazole Against Planktonic and Biofilm Cells of Candida Species and Efflux-Associated Antifungal Mechanism. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2892. [PMID: 30559726 PMCID: PMC6287112 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungal infections caused by Candida albicans and non-albicans Candida [NAC] species are becoming a growing threat in immunodeficient population, people with long-term antibiotic treatment and patients enduring kinds of catheter intervention. The resistance to one or more than one conventional antifungal agents contributes greatly to the widespread propagation of Candida infections. The severity of fungal infection requires the discovery of novel antimycotics and the extensive application of combination strategy. In this study, a group of Candida standard and clinical strains including C. albicans as well as several NAC species were employed to evaluate the antifungal potentials of palmatine (PAL) alone and in combination with fluconazole (FLC)/itraconazole (ITR) by microdilution method, checkerboard assay, gram staining, spot assay, and rhodamine 6G efflux test. Subsequently, the expressions of transporter-related genes, namely CDR1, CDR2, MDR1, and FLU1 for C. albicans, CDR1 and MDR1 for Candida tropicalis and Candida parapsilosis, ABC1 and ABC2 for Candida krusei, CDR1, CDR2, and SNQ2 for Candida glabrata were analyzed by qRT-PCR. The susceptibility test showed that PAL presented strong synergism with FLC and ITR with fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) in a range of 0.0049-0.75 for PAL+FLC and 0.0059-0.3125 for PAL+ITR in planktonic cells, 0.125-0.375 for PAL+FLC and 0.0938-0.3125 for PAL+ITR in biofilms. The susceptibility results were also confirmed by gram staining and spot assay. After combinations, a vast quantity of rhodamine 6G could not be pumped out as considerably intracellular red fluorescence was accumulated. Meanwhile, the expressions of efflux-associated genes were evaluated and presented varying degrees of inhibition. These results indicated that PAL was a decent antifungal synergist to promote the antifungal efficacy of azoles (such as FLC and ITR), and the underlying antifungal mechanism might be linked with the inhibition of efflux pumps and the elevation of intracellular drug content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianming Wang
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (College of Life Science), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Jing Shao
- Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (College of Life Science), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Wenyue Da
- Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (College of Life Science), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Qianqian Li
- Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (College of Life Science), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Gaoxiang Shi
- Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (College of Life Science), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Daqiang Wu
- Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (College of Life Science), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Changzhong Wang
- Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (College of Life Science), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
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Joaquim AR, Pippi B, de Cesare MA, Rocha DA, Boff RT, Staudt KJ, Ruaro TC, Zimmer AR, de Araújo BV, Silveira GP, Martins AF, Teixeira ML, dos Santos FP, Fuentefria AM, de Andrade SF. Rapid tools to gain insights into the interaction dynamics of new 8-hydroxyquinolines with few fungal lines. Chem Biol Drug Des 2018; 93:1186-1196. [DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Angélica Rocha Joaquim
- Pharmaceutical Synthesis Group (PHARSG); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Bruna Pippi
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Microbiologia Agrícola e do Ambiente; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Maycon Antonio de Cesare
- Pharmaceutical Synthesis Group (PHARSG); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Débora Assumpção Rocha
- Pharmaceutical Synthesis Group (PHARSG); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Roberta Taufer Boff
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Microbiologia Agrícola e do Ambiente; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Keli Jaqueline Staudt
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Thaís Carine Ruaro
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Aline Rigon Zimmer
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Bibiana Verlindo de Araújo
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Gustavo Pozza Silveira
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Química; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Andreza Francisco Martins
- Pharmaceutical Synthesis Group (PHARSG); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Microbiologia Agrícola e do Ambiente; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Mario Lettieri Teixeira
- Laboratório de Farmacologia; Instituto Federal Catarinense, Campus Concórdia; Concórdia Brazil
| | | | - Alexandre Meneghello Fuentefria
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Microbiologia Agrícola e do Ambiente; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Saulo Fernandes de Andrade
- Pharmaceutical Synthesis Group (PHARSG); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Microbiologia Agrícola e do Ambiente; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre Brazil
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60
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Li Y, Sun L, Lu C, Gong Y, Li M, Sun S. Promising Antifungal Targets Against Candida albicans Based on Ion Homeostasis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2018; 8:286. [PMID: 30234023 PMCID: PMC6131588 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, invasive fungal infections have been increasing significantly, contributing to high incidences and mortality in immunosuppressed patients. Candida albicans (C. albicans) is the most prevalent opportunistic fungal pathogen in humans that can cause severe and often fatal bloodstream infections. Current antifungal agents have several limitations, including that only a small number of classes of antifungals are available, certain of which have severe toxicity and high cost. Moreover, the emergence of drug resistance is a new limitation to successful patient outcomes. Therefore, the development of antifungals with novel targets is an essential strategy for the efficient management of C. albicans infections. It is widely recognized that ion homeostasis is crucial for all living cells. Many studies have identified that ion-signaling and transduction networks are central to fungal survival by regulating gene expression, morphological transition, host invasion, stress response, and drug resistance. Dysregulation of ion homeostasis rapidly mediates cell death, forming the mechanistic basis of a growing number of compounds that elicit antifungal activity. Most of the potent antifungals have been widely used in the clinic, and certain of them have low toxicity, meaning that they may be expected to be used as antifungal drugs in the future. Hence, we briefly summarize the homeostasis regulation of several important ions, potential antifungal targets based on these ion-signaling networks, and antifungal compounds based on the disruption of ion homeostasis. This summary will help in designing effective drugs and identifying new targets for combating fungal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiman Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Licui Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Feicheng Mining Central Hospital, Feicheng, China
| | - Chunyan Lu
- Department of Pharmacy, Qianfoshan Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ying Gong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Qianfoshan Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shujuan Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Qianfoshan Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
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61
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Esposito E, Campolo M, Casili G, Lanza M, Filippone A, Peritore AF, Cuzzocrea S. Effect of pea protein plus grape seed dry extract on a murine model of Candida albicans induced vaginitis. Future Microbiol 2018; 13:1375-1382. [DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2018-0102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The objective of this research was to evaluate the antifungal properties of the association between grape seed and pea by using a nonpharmacological medical device that contains them. Materials & methods: A murine model of vulvovaginal candidiasis, induced by Candida albicans infection, was used. Results: We showed that topical treatment with the device significantly reduced the fungal burden in vagina and preserved vagina tissue architecture from C. albicans infection. Conclusion: We can support the potential beneficial effect of the association between grape and pea extract present in the medical device. Together these results supported this device as a favorable antifungal agent and a promising synergist with fluconazole in the clinical management of vulvovaginal candidiasis caused by C. albicans biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Esposito
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmacological & Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Italy
| | - Michela Campolo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmacological & Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Italy
| | - Giovanna Casili
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmacological & Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Italy
| | - Marika Lanza
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmacological & Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Italy
| | - Alessia Filippone
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmacological & Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Italy
| | - Alessio F Peritore
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmacological & Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Italy
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmacological & Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Italy
- Department of Pharmacological & Physiological Science, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, USA
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Successful treatment of C. auris shunt infection with intraventricular caspofungin. Med Mycol Case Rep 2018; 22:35-37. [PMID: 30140604 PMCID: PMC6104577 DOI: 10.1016/j.mmcr.2018.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
C. auris is an emerging fungal pathogen with high prevalence of resistance to current antifungal agents. Central nervous system infection with C. auris has been infrequently described. We describe here an adult with nosocomial CSF shunt infection due to multi drug resistant C. auris. Systemic therapy with echinocandin and flucytosine failed. Fortunately, administration of daily intraventricular caspofungin 10 mg for 10 days in conjunction with systemic voriconazole resulted in both clinical and microbiological cure.
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63
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Bozkurt-Guzel C, Hacioglu M, Savage PB. Investigation of the in vitro antifungal and antibiofilm activities of ceragenins CSA-8, CSA-13, CSA-44, CSA-131, and CSA-138 against Candida species. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2018; 91:324-330. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2018.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Hacioglu M, Birteksoz Tan AS, Dosler S, Inan N, Otuk G. In vitro activities of antifungals alone and in combination with tigecycline against Candida albicans biofilms. PeerJ 2018; 6:e5263. [PMID: 30065873 PMCID: PMC6064206 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Candida may form biofilms, which are thought to underlie the most recalcitrant infections. Methods In this study, activities of antifungal agents alone and in combination with tigecycline against planktonic cells and mature and developing biofilms of Candida albicans isolates were evaluated. Results Amphotericin B and echinocandins were found to be the most effective agents against mature biofilms, whereas the least effective agent was fluconazole. Furthermore, the most effective anti-fungal monotherapies against biofilm formation were amphotericin B and anidulafungin, and the least effective monotherapy was itraconazole. The combination of tigecycline and amphotericin B yielded synergistic effects, whereas combinations containing itraconazole yielded antagonist effects against planktonic cells. The combination of tigecycline and caspofungin exhibited maximum efficacy against mature biofilms, whereas combinations containing itraconazole exhibited minimal effects. Combinations of tigecycline with amphotericin B or anidulafungin were highly effective against C. albicans biofilm formation. Discussion In summary, tigecycline was highly active against C. albicans particularly when combined with amphotericin B and echinocandins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayram Hacioglu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Sibel Dosler
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nese Inan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Bilim University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gulten Otuk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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65
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Tobudic S, Harrison N, Forstner C, Kussman M, Burgmann H. Effect of peritoneal dialysis fluids on activity of echinocandins against Candida spp. biofilm. Med Mycol 2018; 55:790-793. [PMID: 28204565 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myw145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Peritoneal dialysis fluids (PDFs) impair microorganisms' growth, which may compromise effectivity of some antimicrobials. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of three different PDFs (lactate/bicarbonate-buffered Physioneal 40® with 2.2% glucose, lactate-buffered Nutrineal PD4® with 1.1% amino acid, and lactate-buffered Extraneal® with 7.5% icodextrin) on biofilm formation of four different Candida spp and antibiofilm effectiveness of anidulafungin, caspofungin and micafungin against Candida spp. biofilm in PDFs. All tested PDFs attained inhibitory effect on the biofilm formation but also reduced biofilm effectiveness of echinocandins against biofilm in PDFs was detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selma Tobudic
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Nicole Harrison
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christina Forstner
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria.,Center for Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Jena University Hospital, Erlanger Allee 101, 07749 Jena, Germany
| | - Manuel Kussman
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Heinz Burgmann
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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Mohammad H, Elghazawy NH, Eldesouky HE, Hegazy YA, Younis W, Avrimova L, Hazbun T, Arafa RK, Seleem MN. Discovery of a Novel Dibromoquinoline Compound Exhibiting Potent Antifungal and Antivirulence Activity That Targets Metal Ion Homeostasis. ACS Infect Dis 2018; 4:403-414. [PMID: 29370698 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.7b00215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Globally, invasive fungal infections pose a significant challenge to modern human medicine due to the limited number of antifungal drugs and the rise in resistance to current antifungal agents. A vast majority of invasive fungal infections are caused by species of Candida, Cryptococcus, and Aspergillus. Novel antifungal molecules consisting of unexploited chemical scaffolds with a unique mechanism are a pressing need. The present study identifies a dibromoquinoline compound (4b) with broad-spectrum antifungal activity that inhibits the growth of pertinent species of Candida (chiefly C. albicans), Cryptococcus, and Aspergillus at a concentration of as low as 0.5 μg/mL. Furthermore, 4b, at a subinhibitory concentration, interfered with the expression of two key virulence factors (hyphae and biofilm formation) involved in C. albicans pathogenesis. Three yeast deletion strains ( cox17Δ, ssa1Δ, and aft2Δ) related to metal ion homeostasis were found to be highly sensitive to 4b in growth assays, indicating that the compound exerts its antifungal effect through a unique, previously unexploited mechanism. Supplementing the media with either copper or iron ions reversed the strain sensitivity to 4b, further corroborating that the compound targets metal ion homeostasis. 4b's potent antifungal activity was validated in vivo, as the compound enhanced the survival of Caenorhabditis elegans infected with fluconazole-resistant C. albicans. The present study indicates that 4b warrants further investigation as a novel antifungal agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haroon Mohammad
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, 625 Harrison Street, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Nehal H. Elghazawy
- Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Science and Technology, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Sheikh Zayed District, Sixth of October City, Cairo, Egypt 12588
| | - Hassan E. Eldesouky
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, 625 Harrison Street, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Youssef A. Hegazy
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, 625 Harrison Street, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Waleed Younis
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, 625 Harrison Street, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Larisa Avrimova
- Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, 1201 W State Street, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Tony Hazbun
- Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, 1201 W State Street, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Reem K. Arafa
- Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Science and Technology, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Sheikh Zayed District, Sixth of October City, Cairo, Egypt 12588
| | - Mohamed N. Seleem
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, 625 Harrison Street, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology, and Infectious Disease, 610 Purdue Mall, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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Pinto AP, Rosseti IB, Carvalho ML, da Silva BGM, Alberto-Silva C, Costa MS. Photodynamic Antimicrobial Chemotherapy (PACT), using Toluidine blue O inhibits the viability of biofilm produced by Candida albicans at different stages of development. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2017; 21:182-189. [PMID: 29221859 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Candida albicans is an opportunistic fungus producing both superficial and systemic infections, especially in immunocompromised individuals. It has been demonstrated that C. albicans ability to form biofilms is a crucial process for colonization and virulence. Furthermore, a correlation between the development of drug resistance and biofilm maturation at Candida biofilms has been shown. Photodynamic Antimicrobial Chemotherapy (PACT) is a potential antimicrobial therapy that combines visible light and a non-toxic dye, known as a photosensitizer, producing reactive oxygen species (ROS) that can kill the treated cells. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of PACT, using Toluidine Blue O (TBO) on the viability of biofilms produced by C. albicans at different stages of development. METHODS In this study, the effects of PACT on both biofilm formation and viability of the biofilm produced by C. albicans were studied. Biofilm formation and viability were determined by a metabolic assay based on the reduction of XTT assay. In addition, the morphology of the biofilm was observed using light microscopy. RESULTS PACT inhibited both biofilm formation and viability of the biofilm produced by C. albicans. Furthermore, PACT was able to decrease the number of both cells and filamentous form present in the biofilm structure. This inhibitory effect was observed in both early and mature biofilms. CONCLUSIONS The results obtained in this study demonstrated the potential of PACT (using TBO) as an effective antifungal therapy, including against infections associated with biofilms at different stages of development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Pinto
- Instituto de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento - IP&D, Universidade do Vale do Paraíba - UNIVAP, Av. Shishima Hifumi, 2911, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Isabela Bueno Rosseti
- Anhanguera Educacional, Av. Doutor João Batista de Souza Soares, 4009 - Jardim Morumbi, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Moisés Lopes Carvalho
- Instituto de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento - IP&D, Universidade do Vale do Paraíba - UNIVAP, Av. Shishima Hifumi, 2911, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruna Graziele Marques da Silva
- Instituto de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento - IP&D, Universidade do Vale do Paraíba - UNIVAP, Av. Shishima Hifumi, 2911, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto-Silva
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC), Rua Arcturus, 03, Bloco Delta, São Bernardo do Campo, SP, Brazil
| | - Maricilia Silva Costa
- Instituto de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento - IP&D, Universidade do Vale do Paraíba - UNIVAP, Av. Shishima Hifumi, 2911, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil.
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Shao J, Cui Y, Zhang M, Wang T, Wu D, Wang C. Synergistic in vitro activity of sodium houttuyfonate with fluconazole against clinical Candida albicans strains under planktonic growing conditions. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2017; 55:355-359. [PMID: 27931143 PMCID: PMC6130526 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2016.1237977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 08/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Fluconazole resistance is an intractable problem of treating Candida albicans, calling for more antifungal agents to enhance the activity of fluconazole. OBJECTIVE This work investigates the anti-C. albicans activities of sodium houttuyfonate (SH) and/or fluconazole and the associated mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of SH and fluconazole both ranging from 0.5 to 1024 μg/mL were determined by broth microdilution method in 19 C. albicans isolates, and their fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) was evaluated by checkerboard assay. After MICSH and/or MICfluconazole treatments, the expressions of IFD6, PHR1, ZAP1, ADH5, BGL2, XOG1 and FKS1 were analyzed by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) in C. albicans 1601. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION The MICs of SH alone ranged from 32 to 256 μg/mL and decreased 2-16-fold in combination. SH showed strong synergism with fluconazole with FICI <0.13-0.5. In C. albicans 1601, we observed that (i) the expression of the seven genes increased notably in a range between 3.71- and 12.63-fold (p < 0.05) when SH was used alone, (ii) the combined use of SH and fluconazole slightly inhibited the expression of IFD6 and PHR1 by 1.23- and 1.35-fold (p > 0.05), but promoted evidently the expression of ZAP1, ADH5, XOG1 and FKS1 by 1.98-, 3.56-, 4.10- and 2.86-fold (p < 0.05). The results suggested SH to be a potential synergist to enhance the antifungal activity of fluconazole in C. albicans resistant isolates, and the underlying mechanism may be associated with β-1,3-glucan synthesis and transportation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Shao
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Chinese and Western Integrative Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - YanYan Cui
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Chinese and Western Integrative Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - MengXiang Zhang
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Chinese and Western Integrative Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - TianMing Wang
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Chinese and Western Integrative Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - DaQiang Wu
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Chinese and Western Integrative Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - ChangZhong Wang
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Chinese and Western Integrative Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
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Biofilm formation by Candida albicans is inhibited by photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy (PACT), using chlorin e6: increase in both ROS production and membrane permeability. Lasers Med Sci 2017; 33:647-653. [DOI: 10.1007/s10103-017-2344-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Turan H, Demirbilek M. Biofilm-forming capacity of blood-borne Candida albicans strains and effects of antifungal agents. Rev Argent Microbiol 2017; 50:62-69. [PMID: 28988900 DOI: 10.1016/j.ram.2017.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2016] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Infections related to Candida albicans biofilms and subsequent antifungal resistance have become more common with the increased use of indwelling medical devices. Regimens for preventing fungal biofilm formation are needed, particularly in high-risk patients. In this study, we investigated the biofilm formation rate of multiple strains of Candida albicans (n=162 clinical isolates), their antifungal susceptibility patterns, and the efficacy of certain antifungals for preventing biofilm formation. Biofilm formation was graded using a modified Christensen's 96-well plate method. We further analyzed 30 randomly chosen intense biofilm-forming isolates using the XTT method. Minimum biofilm inhibition concentrations (MBIC) of caspofungin, micafungin, anidulafungin, fluconazole, voriconazole, posaconazole, itraconazole, and amphotericin B were determined using the modified Calgary biofilm method. In addition, the inhibitory effects of antifungal agents on biofilm formation were investigated. Our study showed weak, moderate, and extensive biofilm formation in 29% (n=47), 38% (n=61), and 23% (n=37) of the isolates, respectively. We found that echinocandins had the lowest MBIC values and that itraconazole inhibited biofilm formation in more isolates (26/32; 81.3%) than other tested agents. In conclusion, echinocandins were most effective against formed biofilms, while itraconazole was most effective for preventing biofilm formation. Standardized methods are needed for biofilm antifungal sensitivity tests when determining the treatment and prophylaxis of C. albicans infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanni Turan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Başkent University, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Müge Demirbilek
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Başkent University, Ankara, Turkey
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Yeasts are found in urine specimens relatively often, especially in the elderly and patients under treatment with broad spectrum antibiotics, i. e. especially in intensive care unit (ICU) patients. In some cases, the number of pathogens is very high, i. e. >105/ml. The clinical relevance of detecting Candida in urine is difficult to assess. In the German S3 guidelines it is apodictically stated that an ascending infection of the urinary tract by yeasts does not occur but this may undoubtedly happen in certain instances in patients at risk, for example in the elderly, in diabetic persons and in the case of foreign bodies in the urinary tract. A hematogenous spread of yeasts can lead to pyelonephritis, which accompanies candiduria. In rare cases this can be induced by prostatitis and epididymitis. Therapy is indicated in all cases when a urological manipulation is planned, particularly those with injury to the mucosal barrier, in order to prevent an intraoperative spread of pathogens. AIM The antimicrobial agents suitable for therapy of candiduria are limited, namely flucytosine, amphotericin B, which is also used for irrigation and fluconazole. MATERIAL AND METHODS The in vitro effect of nitroxoline on 100 isolates of yeasts from urine was tested by an agar diffusion test. RESULTS Nitroxoline exerted a good activity against all yeast isolates. DISCUSSION The antibiotic nitroxoline has a good antifungal activity. It achieves high concentrations in urine and in addition, it is effective at low pH as well as against pathogens in biofilms, which most antimycotics cannot achieve. Hence, nitroxoline is suitable for termination of candiduria. Foreign bodies in the urinary tract, on which biofilms are formed, should be removed whenever possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Hof
- MVZ Labor Dr. Limbach und Kollegen, Im Breitspiel 15, 69126, Heidelberg, Deutschland.
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Bondaryk M, Staniszewska M, Zielińska P, Urbańczyk-Lipkowska Z. Natural Antimicrobial Peptides as Inspiration for Design of a New Generation Antifungal Compounds. J Fungi (Basel) 2017; 3:E46. [PMID: 29371563 PMCID: PMC5715947 DOI: 10.3390/jof3030046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Invasive fungal infections are associated with high mortality rates, despite appropriate antifungal therapy. Limited therapeutic options, resistance development and the high mortality of invasive fungal infections brought about more concern triggering the search for new compounds capable of interfering with fungal viability and virulence. In this context, peptides gained attention as promising candidates for the antimycotics development. Variety of structural and functional characteristics identified for various natural antifungal peptides makes them excellent starting points for design novel drug candidates. Current review provides a brief overview of natural and synthetic antifungal peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Bondaryk
- National Institute of Public Health-National Institute of Hygiene, Chocimska 24, 00-791 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Monika Staniszewska
- National Institute of Public Health-National Institute of Hygiene, Chocimska 24, 00-791 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Paulina Zielińska
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland.
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Characterization of a novel antibiofilm effect of nitric oxide-releasing aspirin (NCX-4040) on Candida albicans isolates from denture stomatitis patients. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0176755. [PMID: 28493889 PMCID: PMC5426659 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans biofilms play a key role in denture stomatitis, one of the most common oral pathologies in elderly people. Because biofilms are highly resistant to antifungals, new pharmacological strategies are needed. Aspirin and nitric oxide-donor molecules have both shown antibiofilm effects on C. albicans, making them promising candidates for treatment. In this study, we evaluated the antifungal/antibiofilm effect of a nitric-oxide releasing aspirin (NO-ASA) on C. albicans isolates from denture stomatitis patients in vitro. Disk diffusion assays showed that while NO-ASA had no antifungal effect, the drug potentiated fluconazole inhibition zone diameters, increasing the effect of fluconazole by 20–30% (p<0.05). The effect of NO-ASA on the morphogenesis of C. albicans was evaluated using light microscopy after inducing hyphae formation. For all clinical strains assayed, 125 μM NO-ASA significantly decreased the number of filamentous cells present (p<0.01). Adhesion to abiotic surfaces, a critical event for biofilm formation, was evaluated in 96-well polystyrene plates using crystal violet assay; 125 μM NO-ASA significantly inhibited adhesion. Biofilms were observed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and quantified using XTT reduction assay. NO-ASA decreased biofilm formation (IC50 ranging from 300 μM to 700 μM), consistent with SEM findings of altered biofilm microarchitecture. PGE2 and carboxy-PTIO (an NO scavenger) both blocked the antibiofilm effects of NO-ASA, suggesting that the efficacy of NO-ASA may be associated with both inhibition of PGE2 synthesis and release of NO. NO-ASA is a promising novel antibiofilm agent for treating fluconazole-resistant strains of C. albicans.
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Antifungal activity of substituted aurones. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:901-903. [PMID: 28094180 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Novel antifungals are in high demand as there is a growing resistance to antifungals currently in use. In particular, opportunistic fungal infections caused by Candida spp. are on the rise with infections by this genus accounting for the most severe fungal infections following chemotherapy, implantation procedures, and in patients with HIV/AIDS. A series of simple aurone analogs were synthesized and screened for antifungal activity versus Candida spp. Several compounds displayed activity at 100μM, with two having IC50 values below 20μM for three species of Candida. One of the compounds tested here also exhibits anti-biofilm activity for mid-maturation growth.
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Fluconazole-Pyridoxine Bis-Triazolium Compounds with Potent Activity against Pathogenic Bacteria and Fungi Including Their Biofilm-Embedded Forms. J CHEM-NY 2017. [DOI: 10.1155/2017/4761650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Two novel quaternary ammonium salts, bis-triazolium derivatives of fluconazole and pyridoxine, were synthesized by reaction of fluconazole with pyridoxine-based synthetic intermediates. The leading compound demonstrated pronounced antimycotic and antibacterialin vitroactivity, comparable to or exceeding that of the reference antifungal (fluconazole, terbinafine) and antibacterial/antiseptic (miramistin, benzalkonium chloride) agents. In contrast to many antimicrobials, the leading compound was also active against biofilm-embedded staphylococci andEscherichia coli. While no biofilm structure destruction occurred, all compounds were able to diffuse into the matrix and reduce the number of colony-forming units by three orders of magnitude at 16 × MBC. The leading compound was significantly less toxic than miramistin and benzalkonium chloride and more toxic than the reference antifungal drugs. The obtained results make the described chemotype a promising starting point for the development of new broad-spectrum antimicrobial therapies with powerful effect on fungal and bacterial pathogens including their biofilm-embedded forms.
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Suzuki LC, Kato IT, Prates RA, Sabino CP, Yoshimura TM, Silva TO, Ribeiro MS. Glucose modulates antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation of Candida albicans in biofilms. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2016; 17:173-179. [PMID: 27993650 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Candida albicans biofilm is a main cause of infections associated with medical devices such as catheters, contact lens and artificial joint prosthesis. The current treatment comprises antifungal chemotherapy that presents low success rates. Photodynamic inactivation (PDI) involves the combination of a photosensitizing compound (PS) and light to generate oxidative stress that has demonstrated effective antimicrobial activity against a broad-spectrum of pathogens, including C. albicans. This fungus senses glucose inducing an upregulation of membrane transporters that can facilitate PS uptake into the cell. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of glucose on methylene blue (MB) uptake and its influence on PDI efficiency when combined to a red LED with central wavelength at λ=660nm. C. albicans biofilms were grown on hydrogel disks. Prior to PDI assays, MB uptake tests were performed with and without glucose-sensitization. In this system, the optimum PS administration was determined as 500μM of MB in contact with the biofilm during 30min before irradiation. Irradiation was performed during 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 and 18min with irradiance of 127.3mW/cm2. Our results showed that glucose was able to increase MB uptake in C. albicans cells. In addition, PDI without glucose showed a higher viability reduction until 6min; after 9min, glucose group demonstrated a significant decrease in cell viability when compared to glucose-free group. Taken together, our data suggest that glucose is capable to enhance MB uptake and modulate photodynamic inactivation of C. albicans biofilm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Cláudio Suzuki
- Center for Lasers and Applications, IPEN-CNEN/SP, 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ilka Tiemy Kato
- The Engineering, Modelling and Applied Social Science Department, UFABC, 09210-580, Santo André, SP, Brazil
| | - Renato Araujo Prates
- Postgraduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, UNINOVE, 01504-001, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Dentistry School, UNINOVE, 01504-001, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Caetano Padial Sabino
- Center for Lasers and Applications, IPEN-CNEN/SP, 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Department of Microbiology, ICB/USP, 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Department of Clinical Analysis, FCF/USP, 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Tamires Oliveira Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, UNINOVE, 01504-001, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Dentistry School, UNINOVE, 01504-001, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Marioni J, da Silva MA, Cabrera JL, Montoya SCN, Paraje MG. The anthraquinones rubiadin and its 1-methyl ether isolated from Heterophyllaea pustulata reduces Candida tropicalis biofilms formation. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 23:1321-1328. [PMID: 27765351 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2016.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Candida tropicalis is increasingly becoming among the most commonly isolated pathogens causing fungal infections with an important biofilm-forming capacity. PURPOSE This study addresses the antifungal effect of rubiadin (AQ1) and rubiadin 1-methyl ether (AQ2), two photosensitizing anthraquinones (AQs) isolated from Heterophyllaea pustulata, against C. tropicalis biofilms, by studying the cellular stress and antioxidant response in two experimental conditions: darkness and irradiation. The combination with Amphotericin B (AmB) was assayed to evaluate the synergic effect. STUDY DESIGN/METHODS Biofilms of clinical isolates and reference strain of Candida tropicalis were treated with AQs (AQ1 or AQ2) and/or AmB, and the biofilms depletion was studied by crystal violet and confocal scanning laser microscopy (CSLM). The oxidant metabolites production and the response of antioxidant defense system were also evaluated under dark and irradiation conditions, being the light a trigger for photo-activation of the AQs. The Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) were detected by the reduction of Nitro Blue Tetrazolium test, and Reactive Nitrogen Intermediates (RNI) by the Griess assay. ROS accumulation was also detected inside biofilms by using 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) probe, which was visualized by CSLM. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and the total antioxidant capacity of biofilms were measured by spectrophotometric methods. The minimun inhibitory concentration for sessile cells (SMIC) was determined for each AQs and AmB. The fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) was calculated for the combinations of each AQ with AmB by the checkerboard microdilution method. RESULTS Biofilm reduction of both strains was more effective with AQ1 than with AQ2. The antifungal effect was mediated by an oxidative and nitrosative stress under irradiation, with a significant accumulation of endogenous ROS detected by CSLM and an increase in the SOD activity. Thus, the prooxidant-antioxidant balance was altered especially by AQ1. The best synergic combination with AmB was also obtained with AQ1 (80.5%) (FICI=0.74). CONCLUSION Under irradiation, the oxidative stress was the predominant effect, altering the prooxidant-antioxidant balance, which may be the cause of the irreversible cell injury in the biofilm. Our results showed synergism of these natural AQs with AmB. Therefore, the photosensitizing AQ1 could be an alternative for the Candida infections treatment, which deserves further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Marioni
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina. Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María Angel da Silva
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Cátedra de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina. Av. Vélez Sarsfield 299, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - José Luis Cabrera
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina. Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Susana C Núñez Montoya
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina. Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María Gabriela Paraje
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Cátedra de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina. Av. Vélez Sarsfield 299, Córdoba, Argentina.
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Srivastava V, Dubey AK. Anti-biofilm activity of the metabolites of Streptomyces chrestomyceticus strain ADP4 against Candida albicans. J Biosci Bioeng 2016; 122:434-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2016.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Revised: 03/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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79
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Evaluation of the Influence of Antifungal Drugs on Growth of Candida albicans in the Biofilm. BIONANOSCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12668-016-0291-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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80
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Biofilms fongiques : confusion entre tolérance et résistance aux antimicrobiens. J Mycol Med 2016; 26:286-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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81
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Arzmi MH, Alnuaimi AD, Dashper S, Cirillo N, Reynolds EC, McCullough M. Polymicrobial biofilm formation by Candida albicans, Actinomyces naeslundii, and Streptococcus mutans is Candida albicans strain and medium dependent. Med Mycol 2016; 54:856-64. [PMID: 27354487 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myw042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral biofilms comprise of extracellular polysaccharides and polymicrobial microorganisms. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of polymicrobial interactions of Candida albicans, Actinomyces naeslundii, and Streptococcus mutans on biofilm formation with the hypotheses that biofilm biomass and metabolic activity are both C. albicans strain and growth medium dependent. To study monospecific biofilms, C. albicans, A. naeslundii, and S. mutans were inoculated into artificial saliva medium (ASM) and RPMI-1640 in separate vials, whereas to study polymicrobial biofilm formation, the inoculum containing microorganisms was prepared in the same vial prior inoculation into a 96-well plate followed by 72 hours incubation. Finally, biofilm biomass and metabolic activity were measured using crystal violet and XTT assays, respectively. Our results showed variability of monospecies and polymicrobial biofilm biomass between C. albicans strains and growth medium. Based on cut-offs, out of 32, seven RPMI-grown biofilms had high biofilm biomass (HBB), whereas, in ASM-grown biofilms, 14 out of 32 were HBB. Of the 32 biofilms grown in RPMI-1640, 21 were high metabolic activity (HMA), whereas in ASM, there was no biofilm had HMA. Significant differences were observed between ASM and RPMI-grown biofilms with respect to metabolic activity (P <01). In conclusion, biofilm biomass and metabolic activity were both C. albicans strain and growth medium dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Hafiz Arzmi
- Oral Health CRC, Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia Kulliyyah of Dentistry, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Ali D Alnuaimi
- Oral Health CRC, Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stuart Dashper
- Oral Health CRC, Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nicola Cirillo
- Oral Health CRC, Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Eric C Reynolds
- Oral Health CRC, Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael McCullough
- Oral Health CRC, Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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82
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Groza A, Ciobanu CS, Popa CL, Iconaru SL, Chapon P, Luculescu C, Ganciu M, Predoi D. Structural Properties and Antifungal Activity against Candida albicans Biofilm of Different Composite Layers Based on Ag/Zn Doped Hydroxyapatite-Polydimethylsiloxanes. Polymers (Basel) 2016; 8:E131. [PMID: 30979226 PMCID: PMC6432280 DOI: 10.3390/polym8040131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Modern medicine is still struggling to find new and more effective methods for fighting off viruses, bacteria and fungi. Among the most dangerous and at times life-threatening fungi is Candida albicans. Our work is focused on surface and structural characterization of hydroxyapatite, silver doped hydroxyapatite and zinc doped hydroxyapatite deposited on a titanium substrate previously coated with polydimethylsiloxane (HAp-PDMS, Ag:HAp-PDMS, Zn:HAp-PDMS) by different techniques: Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Glow Discharge Optical Emission Spectroscopy (GDOES) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The morphological studies revealed that the use of the PDMS polymer as an interlayer improves the quality of the coatings. The structural characterizations of the thin films revealed the basic constituents of both apatitic and PDMS structure. In addition, the GD depth profiles indicated the formation of a composite material as well as the successful embedding of the HAp, Zn:HAp and Ag:HAp into the polymer. On the other hand, in vitro evaluation of the antifungal properties of Ag:HAp-PDMS and Zn:HAp-PDMS demonstrated the fungicidal effects of Ag:HAp-PDMS and the potential antifungal effect of Zn:HAp-PDMS composite layers against C. albicans biofilm. The results acquired in this research complete previous research on the potential use of new complex materials produced by nanotechnology in biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreea Groza
- National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 409 Atomistilor St. P.O. BOX MG 36, Magurele 077125, Romania.
| | - Carmen Steluta Ciobanu
- National Institute for Materials Physics, 405 A Atomistilor Street, P.O. Box MG 07, Magurele 077125, Romania.
| | - Cristina Liana Popa
- National Institute for Materials Physics, 405 A Atomistilor Street, P.O. Box MG 07, Magurele 077125, Romania.
- Faculty of Physics, University of Bucharest, 405 Atomistilor Street, P.O. Box MG1, Magurele 077125, Romania.
| | - Simona Liliana Iconaru
- National Institute for Materials Physics, 405 A Atomistilor Street, P.O. Box MG 07, Magurele 077125, Romania.
| | - Patrick Chapon
- Horiba Jobin Yvon S.A, 16-18, rue du Canal, Longjumeau Cedex 91165, France.
| | - Catalin Luculescu
- National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 409 Atomistilor St. P.O. BOX MG 36, Magurele 077125, Romania.
| | - Mihai Ganciu
- National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 409 Atomistilor St. P.O. BOX MG 36, Magurele 077125, Romania.
| | - Daniela Predoi
- National Institute for Materials Physics, 405 A Atomistilor Street, P.O. Box MG 07, Magurele 077125, Romania.
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83
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Cui J, Ren B, Tong Y, Dai H, Zhang L. Synergistic combinations of antifungals and anti-virulence agents to fight against Candida albicans. Virulence 2016; 6:362-71. [PMID: 26048362 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2015.1039885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans, one of the pathogenic Candida species, causes high mortality rate in immunocompromised and high-risk surgical patients. In the last decade, only one new class of antifungal drug echinocandin was applied. The increased therapy failures, such as the one caused by multi-drug resistance, demand innovative strategies for new effective antifungal drugs. Synergistic combinations of antifungals and anti-virulence agents highlight the pragmatic strategy to reduce the development of drug resistant and potentially repurpose known antifungals, which bypass the costly and time-consuming pipeline of new drug development. Anti-virulence and synergistic combination provide new options for antifungal drug discovery by counteracting the difficulty or failure of traditional therapy for fungal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhui Cui
- a CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology; Institute of Microbiology; Chinese Academy of Sciences ; Beijing , China
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84
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Machado D, Castro J, Palmeira-de-Oliveira A, Martinez-de-Oliveira J, Cerca N. Bacterial Vaginosis Biofilms: Challenges to Current Therapies and Emerging Solutions. Front Microbiol 2016; 6:1528. [PMID: 26834706 PMCID: PMC4718981 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.01528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is the most common genital tract infection in women during their reproductive years and it has been associated with serious health complications, such as preterm delivery and acquisition or transmission of several sexually transmitted agents. BV is characterized by a reduction of beneficial lactobacilli and a significant increase in number of anaerobic bacteria, including Gardnerella vaginalis, Atopobium vaginae, Mobiluncus spp., Bacteroides spp. and Prevotella spp.. Being polymicrobial in nature, BV etiology remains unclear. However, it is certain that BV involves the presence of a thick vaginal multi-species biofilm, where G. vaginalis is the predominant species. Similar to what happens in many other biofilm-related infections, standard antibiotics, like metronidazole, are unable to fully eradicate the vaginal biofilm, which can explain the high recurrence rates of BV. Furthermore, antibiotic therapy can also cause a negative impact on the healthy vaginal microflora. These issues sparked the interest in developing alternative therapeutic strategies. This review provides a quick synopsis of the currently approved and available antibiotics for BV treatment while presenting an overview of novel strategies that are being explored for the treatment of this disorder, with special focus on natural compounds that are able to overcome biofilm-associated antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Machado
- Laboratory of Research in Biofilms Rosário Oliveira, Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho Braga, Portugal
| | - Joana Castro
- Laboratory of Research in Biofilms Rosário Oliveira, Centre of Biological Engineering, University of MinhoBraga, Portugal; Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do PortoPorto, Portugal
| | - Ana Palmeira-de-Oliveira
- Health Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira InteriorCovilhã, Portugal; Labfit, Health Products Research and Development LdaCovilhã, Portugal
| | - José Martinez-de-Oliveira
- Health Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira InteriorCovilhã, Portugal; Child and Woman's Health Department, Centro Hospitalar Cova da BeiraCovilhã, Portugal
| | - Nuno Cerca
- Laboratory of Research in Biofilms Rosário Oliveira, Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho Braga, Portugal
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85
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An D, Wang X, Li J, Jiang S, Ma X, Zhang H, Shi H, Sun H, Ye L, Li J. The Activity of Fungichromin against the Formation of Candida albicans Biofilm. Biol Pharm Bull 2016; 39:1948-1954. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b16-00380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Duopeng An
- Department of Biosynthetic Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University
| | - Xiang Wang
- Department of Biosynthetic Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Biosynthetic Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University
| | - Shanshan Jiang
- Department of Biosynthetic Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University
| | | | | | | | | | - Li Ye
- Department of Biosynthetic Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University
| | - Jiyang Li
- Department of Biosynthetic Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University
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86
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Sanguinetti M, Posteraro B. Diagnostic of Fungal Infections Related to Biofilms. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 931:63-82. [PMID: 27300347 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2016_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Fungal biofilm-related infections, most notably those caused by the Candida and Aspergillus genera, need to be diagnosed accurately and rapidly to avoid often unfavorable outcomes. Despite diagnosis of these infections is still based on the traditional histopathology and culture, the use of newer, rapid methods has enormously enhanced the diagnostic capability of a modern clinical mycology laboratory. Thus, while accurate species-level identification of fungal isolates can be achieved with turnaround times considerably shortened, nucleic acid-based or antigen-based detection methods can be considered useful adjuncts for the diagnosis of invasive forms of candidiasis and aspergillosis. Furthermore, simple, reproducible, and fast methods have been developed to quantify biofilm production by fungal isolates in vitro. In this end, isolates can be categorized as low, moderate, or high biofilm-forming, and this categorization may reflect their differential response to the conventional antifungal therapy. By means of drug susceptibility testing performed on fungal biofilm-growing isolates, it is now possible to evaluate not only the activity of conventional antifungal agents, but also of novel anti-biofilm agents. Despite this, future diagnostic methods need to target specific biofilm components/molecules, in order to provide a direct proof of the presence of this growth phenotype on the site of infection. In the meantime, our knowledge of the processes underlying the adaptive drug resistance within the biofilm has put into evidence biofilm-specific molecules that could be potentially helpful as therapeutic targets. Surely, the successful management of clinically relevant fungal biofilms will rely upon the advancement and/or refinement of these approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brunella Posteraro
- Institute of Public Health (Section of Hygiene), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
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87
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Chatzimoschou A, Simitsopoulou M, Antachopoulos C, Walsh TJ, Roilides E. Differential effects of antifungal agents on expression of genes related to formation of Candida albicans biofilms. Mycoses 2015; 59:43-7. [PMID: 26593284 DOI: 10.1111/myc.12436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to analyse specific molecular mechanisms involved in the intrinsic resistance of C. albicans biofilms to antifungals. We investigated the transcriptional profile of three genes (BGL2, SUN41, ECE1) involved in Candida cell wall formation in response to voriconazole or anidulafungin after the production of intermediate and mature biofilms. C. albicans M61, a well-documented biofilm producer strain, was used for the development of intermediate (12 h and 18 h) and completely mature biofilms (48 h). After exposure of cells from each biofilm growth mode to voriconazole (128 and 512 mg l(-1)) or anidulafungin (0.25 and 1 mg l(-1)) for 12-24 h, total RNA samples extracted from biofilm cells were analysed by RT-PCR. The voriconazole and anidulafungin biofilm MIC was 512 and 0.5 mg l(-1) respectively. Anidulafungin caused significant up-regulation of SUN41 (3.7-9.3-fold) and BGL2 (2.2-2.8 fold) in intermediately mature biofilms; whereas, voriconazole increased gene expression in completely mature biofilms (SUN41 2.3-fold, BGL2 2.1-fold). Gene expression was primarily down-regulated by voriconazole in intermediately, but not completely mature biofilms. Both antifungals caused down-regulation of ECE1 in intermediately mature biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios Chatzimoschou
- Infectious Diseases Laboratory, 3rd Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Hippokration Hospital, Aristotle University School of Health Sciences, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Maria Simitsopoulou
- Infectious Diseases Laboratory, 3rd Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Hippokration Hospital, Aristotle University School of Health Sciences, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Charalampos Antachopoulos
- Infectious Diseases Laboratory, 3rd Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Hippokration Hospital, Aristotle University School of Health Sciences, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Thomas J Walsh
- Transplantation-Oncology Infectious Diseases Program, Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, and Microbiology & Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical Center of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Emmanuel Roilides
- Infectious Diseases Laboratory, 3rd Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Hippokration Hospital, Aristotle University School of Health Sciences, Thessaloniki, Greece
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88
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Peralta MA, da Silva MA, Ortega MG, Cabrera JL, Paraje MG. Antifungal activity of a prenylated flavonoid from Dalea elegans against Candida albicans biofilms. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 22:975-980. [PMID: 26407939 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2015.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Revised: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The continuing emergence of infections with antifungal resistant Candida strains requires a constant search for new antifungal drugs, with the plant kingdom being an important source of chemical structures. PURPOSE The present study investigated the antifungal effect of 2',4'-dihydroxy-5'-(1''',1'''-dimethylallyl)-8-prenylpinocembrin (8PP, formerly 6PP), a natural prenylflavonoid, on Candida albicans biofilms, and compared this with an azole antifungal (fluconazole) by studying the cellular stress and antioxidant response. STUDY DESIGN/METHODS The fluconazole sensitive (SCa) and azole-resistant (RCa) C. albicans strains were used, with biofilm formation being studied using crystal violet (CV) and confocal scanning laser microscopy (CSLM). The minimal inhibitory concentration for sessile cells (SMIC) was defined as the concentration of antifungal that caused a 50% (SMIC 50) and 80% (SMIC 80) reduction of treated biofilms. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) were detected by the reduction of nitro blue tetrazolium (NBT), and reactive nitrogen intermediates (RNI) were determined by the Griess assay. The activities of the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) antioxidant enzymes and the total antioxidant capacity of the biofilms were measured by spectrophotometric methods. ROS accumulation was also detected inside biofilms by using the fluorogenic dye 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA), which was visualized by CSLM. RESULTS The SCa and RCa biofilms were strongly inhibited by 8PP at 100 µM (SMIC 80). We observed that cellular stress affected biofilms growth, resulting in an increase of ROS and also of reactive nitrogen intermediates (RNI), with SOD and CAT being increased significantly in the presence of 8PP. The basal level of the biofilm total antioxidant capacity was higher in RCa than SCa. Moreover, in SCa, the total antioxidant capacity rose considerably in the presence of both 8PP and fluconazole. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that 8PP may be useful for the treatment of biofilm-related Candida infections, through an accumulation of endogenous ROS and RNI that can induce an adaptive response based on a coordinated increase in antioxidant defenses. 8PP may also have a therapeutic potential in C. albicans infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Andrea Peralta
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María Angel da Silva
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET); Cátedra de Microbiología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Av. Vélez Sarsfield 299, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María Gabriela Ortega
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - José Luis Cabrera
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María Gabriela Paraje
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET); Cátedra de Microbiología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Av. Vélez Sarsfield 299, Córdoba, Argentina.
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89
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Shao J, Zhang M, Wang T, Li Y, Wang C. The roles of CDR1, CDR2, and MDR1 in kaempferol-induced suppression with fluconazole-resistant Candida albicans. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2015; 54:984-92. [PMID: 26459663 PMCID: PMC11132302 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2015.1091483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Fungal infections caused by fluconazole-resistant Candida albicans are an intractable clinical problem, calling for new efficient antifungal drugs. Kaempferol, an active flavonoid, has been considered a potential candidate against Candida species. OBJECTIVE This work investigates the resistance reversion of kaempferol in fluconazole-resistant C. albicans and the underlying mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS The antifungal activities of fluconazole and/or kaempferol were assessed by a series of standard procedures including broth microdilution method, checkerboard assay and time-kill (T-K) test in nine clinical strains as well as a standard reference isolate of C. albicans. Subsequently, the morphological changes, the efflux of rhodamine 6G, and the expressions of CDR 1, CDR 2, and MDR 1 were analysed by scanning electron microscope (SEM), inverted fluorescence microscope and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) in C. albicans z2003. RESULTS For all the tested C. albicans strains, the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of fluconazole and kaempferol ranged 0.25-32 and 128-256 μg/mL with a range of fractional inhibitory concentration index of 0.257-0.531. In C. albicans z2003, the expression of both CDR 1 and CDR 2 were decreased after exposure to kaempferol alone with negligible rhodamine 6G accumulation, while the expression of CDR 1, CDR 2 and MDR 1 were all decreased when fluconazole and kaempferol were used concomitantly with notable fluorescence of rhodamine 6G observed. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Kaempferol-induced reversion in fluconazole-resistant C. albicans might be likely due to the suppression of the expression of CDR1, CDR2 and MDR1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Shao
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Chinese and Western Integrative Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - MengXiang Zhang
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Chinese and Western Integrative Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - TianMing Wang
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Chinese and Western Integrative Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China, and
| | - Yue Li
- Gynecology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Clinical College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - ChangZhong Wang
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Chinese and Western Integrative Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
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90
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Özçelik H, Vrana NE, Gudima A, Riabov V, Gratchev A, Haikel Y, Metz-Boutigue MH, Carradò A, Faerber J, Roland T, Klüter H, Kzhyshkowska J, Schaaf P, Lavalle P. Harnessing the multifunctionality in nature: a bioactive agent release system with self-antimicrobial and immunomodulatory properties. Adv Healthc Mater 2015; 4:2026-36. [PMID: 26379222 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201500546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Major problems with biomedical devices in particular implants located in nonsterile environments concern: (i) excessive immune response to the implant, (ii) development of bacterial biofilms, and (iii) yeast and fungi infections. An original multifunctional coating that addresses all these issues concomitantly is developed. A new exponentially growing polyelectrolyte multilayer film based on polyarginine (PAR) and hyaluronic acid (HA) is designed. The films have a strong inhibitory effect on the production of inflammatory cytokines released by human primary macrophage subpopulations. This could reduce potential chronic inflammatory reaction following implantation. Next, it is shown that PAR, due to its positive charges, has an antimicrobial activity in film format against Staphylococcus aureus for 24 h. In order to have a long-term antimicrobial activity, a precursor nanoscale silver coating is deposited on the surface before adding the PAR/HA films. Moreover, the PAR/HA films can be easily further functionalized by embedding antimicrobial peptides, like catestatin (CAT), a natural host defense peptide. This PAR/HA+CAT film proves to be effective as an antimicrobial coating against yeast and fungi and its cytocompatibility is also assessed. Finally, this all-in-one system constitutes an original strategy to limit inflammation and prevents bacteria, yeast, and fungi infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayriye Özçelik
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale; INSERM Unité 1121, 11 rue Humann 67085 Strasbourg France
- Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire; Université de Strasbourg; 1 Place de l'Hôpital 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Nihal Engin Vrana
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale; INSERM Unité 1121, 11 rue Humann 67085 Strasbourg France
- Protip SAS; 8 Place de l'Hôpital 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Alexandru Gudima
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology; Medical Faculty Mannheim; University of Heidelberg; Theodor-Kutzer Uber 1-3 68167 Mannheim Germany
| | - Vladimir Riabov
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology; Medical Faculty Mannheim; University of Heidelberg; Theodor-Kutzer Uber 1-3 68167 Mannheim Germany
| | - Alexei Gratchev
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology; Medical Faculty Mannheim; University of Heidelberg; Theodor-Kutzer Uber 1-3 68167 Mannheim Germany
- Laboratory for Translational Cellular and Molecular Biomedicine; Tomsk State University; 36 Lenin Prospekt, Tomsk 634050 Russia
| | - Youssef Haikel
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale; INSERM Unité 1121, 11 rue Humann 67085 Strasbourg France
- Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire; Université de Strasbourg; 1 Place de l'Hôpital 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Marie-Hélène Metz-Boutigue
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale; INSERM Unité 1121, 11 rue Humann 67085 Strasbourg France
- Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire; Université de Strasbourg; 1 Place de l'Hôpital 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Adele Carradò
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg; UMR 7054 CNRS; 23 rue du Loess Strasbourg Cedex 2 Strasbourg 67034 France
| | - Jacques Faerber
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg; UMR 7054 CNRS; 23 rue du Loess Strasbourg Cedex 2 Strasbourg 67034 France
| | - Thierry Roland
- Institut Charles Sadron; CNRS UPR 22; Strasbourg 67034 France
| | - Harald Klüter
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology; Medical Faculty Mannheim; University of Heidelberg; Theodor-Kutzer Uber 1-3 68167 Mannheim Germany
- Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Württemberg - Hessen; Friedrich-Ebert Str. 107 D-68167 Mannheim Germany
| | - Julia Kzhyshkowska
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology; Medical Faculty Mannheim; University of Heidelberg; Theodor-Kutzer Uber 1-3 68167 Mannheim Germany
- Laboratory for Translational Cellular and Molecular Biomedicine; Tomsk State University; 36 Lenin Prospekt, Tomsk 634050 Russia
- Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Württemberg - Hessen; Friedrich-Ebert Str. 107 D-68167 Mannheim Germany
| | - Pierre Schaaf
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale; INSERM Unité 1121, 11 rue Humann 67085 Strasbourg France
- Institut Charles Sadron; CNRS UPR 22; 23 rue du Lœss 67034 Strasbourg France
| | - Philippe Lavalle
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale; INSERM Unité 1121, 11 rue Humann 67085 Strasbourg France
- Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire; Université de Strasbourg; 1 Place de l'Hôpital 67000 Strasbourg France
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91
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Scarsini M, Tomasinsig L, Arzese A, D'Este F, Oro D, Skerlavaj B. Antifungal activity of cathelicidin peptides against planktonic and biofilm cultures of Candida species isolated from vaginal infections. Peptides 2015; 71:211-21. [PMID: 26238597 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2015.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Revised: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is a frequent gynecological condition caused by Candida albicans and a few non-albicans Candida spp. It has a significant impact on the quality of life of the affected women also due to a considerable incidence of recurrent infections that are difficult to treat. The formation of fungal biofilm may contribute to the problematic management of recurrent VVC due to the intrinsic resistance of sessile cells to the currently available antifungals. Thus, alternative approaches for the prevention and control of biofilm-related infections are urgently needed. In this regard, the cationic antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) of the innate immunity are potential candidates for the development of novel antimicrobials as many of them display activity against biofilm formed by various microbial species. In the present study, we investigated the in vitro antifungal activities of the cathelicidin peptides LL-37 and BMAP-28 against pathogenic Candida spp. also including C. albicans, isolated from vaginal infections, and against C. albicans SC5314 as a reference strain. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated against planktonic and biofilm-grown Candida cells by using microdilution susceptibility and XTT [2,3-bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfo-phenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide] reduction assays and, in the case of established biofilms, also by CFU enumeration and fluorescence microscopy. BMAP-28 was effective against planktonically grown yeasts in standard medium (MIC range, 2-32μM), and against isolates of C. albicans and Candida krusei in synthetic vaginal simulated fluid (MIC range 8-32μM, depending on the pH of the medium). Established 48-h old biofilms formed by C. albicans SC5314 and C. albicans and C. krusei isolates were 70-90% inhibited within 24h incubation with 16μM BMAP-28. As shown by propidium dye uptake and CFU enumeration, BMAP-28 at 32μM killed sessile C. albicans SC5314 by membrane permeabilization with a faster killing kinetics compared to 32μM miconazole (80-85% reduced biofilm viability in 90min vs 48h). In addition, BMAP-28 at 16μM prevented Candida biofilm formation on polystyrene and medical grade silicone surfaces by causing a >90% reduction in the viability of planktonic cells in 30min. LL-37 was overall less effective than BMAP-28 against planktonic Candida spp. (MIC range 4-≥64μM), and was ineffective against established Candida biofilms. However, LL-37 at 64μM prevented Candida biofilm development by inhibiting cell adhesion to polystyrene and silicone surfaces. Finally, Candida adhesion was strongly inhibited when silicone was pre-coated with a layer of BMAP-28 or LL-37, encouraging further studies for the development of peptide-based antimicrobial coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Scarsini
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, University of Udine, Piazzale Kolbe 4, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Linda Tomasinsig
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, University of Udine, Piazzale Kolbe 4, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Alessandra Arzese
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Sciences, University of Udine, Piazzale Kolbe 4, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Francesca D'Este
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, University of Udine, Piazzale Kolbe 4, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Debora Oro
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, University of Udine, Piazzale Kolbe 4, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Barbara Skerlavaj
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, University of Udine, Piazzale Kolbe 4, 33100 Udine, Italy.
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92
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Zarei Mahmoudabadi A, Rezaei-Matehkolaei A, Navid M, Torabizadeh M, Mazdarani S. Colonization and antifungals susceptibility patterns of Candida species isolated from hospitalized patients in ICUs and NICUs. J Nephropathol 2015; 4:77-84. [PMID: 26312235 PMCID: PMC4544558 DOI: 10.12860/jnp.2015.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have shown that there are an increasing in invasive candidiasis during 2-3 last decades. Although, Candida albicans is considered as the most common candidiasis agents, other non-albicans such as C. glabrata, C. krusei, C. parapsilosis, and C. tropicalis were raised as infectious agents. Resistance to fluconazole among non-albicans species is an important problem for clinicians during therapy and prophylaxis. OBJECTIVES The aim of current study was to detect the Candida species from hospitalized neonatal and children in intensive care units (ICUs) and neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). In addition, the susceptibility of isolated agents were also evaluated against three antifungals. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the present study 298 samples including 98 blood samples, 100 urines and 100 swabs from oral cavity were inoculated on CHROMagar Candida. Initial detection was done according to the coloration colonies on CHROMagar Candida . Morphology on cornmeal agar, germ tube formation and growth at 45°C were confirmed isolates. Amphotericin B, fluconazole and terbinafine (Lamisil) were used for the susceptibility tests using microdilution method. RESULTS In the present study 21% and 34% of urines and swabs from oral cavity were positive for Candida species, respectively. The most common species was C. albicans (62.5%) followed by C. tropicalis (15.6%), C. glabrata (6.3%) and Candida species (15.6%). Our study indicated that the most tested species of Candida, 70.3% were sensitive to fluconazole at the concentration of ≤8 μg/mL. Whereas 9 (14.1%) of isolates were resistant to amphotericine B at ≥8 μg/mL. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates the importance of species identification and antifungals susceptibility testing for hospitalized patients in ICUs and NICUs wards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Zarei Mahmoudabadi
- Health Research Institute, Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Centre, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ali Rezaei-Matehkolaei
- Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mojgan Navid
- Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Torabizadeh
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Shahnam Mazdarani
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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93
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De Cremer K, Staes I, Delattin N, Cammue BPA, Thevissen K, De Brucker K. Combinatorial drug approaches to tackleCandida albicansbiofilms. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2015; 13:973-84. [DOI: 10.1586/14787210.2015.1056162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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94
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Activity of Novel Synthetic Peptides against Candida albicans. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9657. [PMID: 25965506 PMCID: PMC4603303 DOI: 10.1038/srep09657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida spp. are the most common causes of fungal infections worldwide. Among the Candida species, Candida albicans remains the predominant species that causes invasive candidiasis in most countries. In this study, we used two peptides, KABT-AMP and uperin 3.6 as templates to develop novel antifungal peptides. Their anticandidal activity was assessed using a combination of MIC, time-killing assay and biofilm reduction assay. Hybrid peptides, KU2 and KU3 containing a mixed backbone of KABT-AMP and Uperin 3.6 demonstrated the most potent anticandidal activity with MIC values ranging from 8–16 mg/L. The number of Trp residues and the amphipathic structure of peptides probably enhanced the anticandidal activity of peptides. Increasing the cationicity of the uperin 3.6 analogues resulted in reduced MIC from the range of 64–128 mg/L to 16–64 mg/L and this was also correlated with the antibiofilm activity and killing kinetics of the peptides. Peptides showed synergistic effects when used in combination with conventional antifungals. Peptides demonstrated low haemolytic activity but significant toxicity on two normal human epithelial cell lines. This study provides us with a better understanding on the structure-activity relationship and the balance between cationicity and hydrophobicity of the peptides although the therapeutic application of the peptides is limited.
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95
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Fox EP, Bui CK, Nett JE, Hartooni N, Mui MC, Andes DR, Nobile CJ, Johnson AD. An expanded regulatory network temporally controls Candida albicans biofilm formation. Mol Microbiol 2015; 96:1226-39. [PMID: 25784162 PMCID: PMC4464956 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.13002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Candida albicans biofilms are composed of highly adherent and densely arranged cells with properties distinct from those of free‐floating (planktonic) cells. These biofilms are a significant medical problem because they commonly form on implanted medical devices, are drug resistant and are difficult to remove. C. albicans biofilms are not static structures; rather they are dynamic and develop over time. Here we characterize gene expression in biofilms during their development, and by comparing them to multiple planktonic reference states, we identify patterns of gene expression relevant to biofilm formation. In particular, we document time‐dependent changes in genes involved in adhesion and metabolism, both of which are at the core of biofilm development. Additionally, we identify three new regulators of biofilm formation, Flo8, Gal4, and Rfx2, which play distinct roles during biofilm development over time. Flo8 is required for biofilm formation at all time points, and Gal4 and Rfx2 are needed for proper biofilm formation at intermediate time points.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily P Fox
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Tetrad Program, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Catherine K Bui
- School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, CA, USA
| | - Jeniel E Nett
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Nairi Hartooni
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Michael C Mui
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - David R Andes
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Clarissa J Nobile
- School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, CA, USA
| | - Alexander D Johnson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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96
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Bruder-Nascimento A, Camargo CH, Mondelli AL, Sugizaki MF, Sadatsune T, Bagagli E. Candida species biofilm and Candida albicans ALS3 polymorphisms in clinical isolates. Braz J Microbiol 2015; 45:1371-7. [PMID: 25763043 PMCID: PMC4323312 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-83822014000400030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last decades, there have been important changes in the epidemiology of Candida infections. In recent years, Candida species have emerged as important causes of invasive infections mainly among immunocompromised patients. This study analyzed Candida spp. isolates and compared the frequency and biofilm production of different species among the different sources of isolation: blood, urine, vulvovaginal secretions and peritoneal dialysis fluid. Biofilm production was quantified in 327 Candida isolates obtained from patients attended at a Brazilian tertiary public hospital (Botucatu, Sao Paulo). C. albicans ALS3 gene polymorphism was also evaluated by determining the number of repeated motifs in the central domain. Of the 198 total biofilm-positive isolates, 72 and 126 were considered as low and high biofilm producers, respectively. Biofilm production by C. albicans was significantly lower than that by non-albicans isolates and was most frequently observed in C. tropicalis. Biofilm production was more frequent among bloodstream isolates than other clinical sources, in urine, the isolates displayed a peculiar distribution by presenting two distinct peaks, one containing biofilm-negative isolates and the other containing isolates with intense biofilm production. The numbers of tandem-repeat copies per allele were not associated with biofilm production, suggesting the evolvement of other genetic determinants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariane Bruder-Nascimento
- Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" BotucatuSP Brazil Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos Henrique Camargo
- Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" BotucatuSP Brazil Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Alessandro Lia Mondelli
- Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" BotucatuSP Brazil Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Fátima Sugizaki
- Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" BotucatuSP Brazil Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Terue Sadatsune
- Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" BotucatuSP Brazil Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Bagagli
- Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" BotucatuSP Brazil Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Botucatu, SP, Brazil
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97
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Zahran KM, Agban MN, Ahmed SH, Hassan EA, Sabet MA. Patterns of Candida biofilm on intrauterine devices. J Med Microbiol 2015; 64:375-381. [PMID: 25681320 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofilms are colonies of microbial cells encased in a self-produced organic polymeric matrix and represent a common mode of microbial growth. Microbes growing as biofilm are highly resistant to commonly used antimicrobial drugs. We aimed to screen and characterize biofilm formation by different isolates of Candida on removed intrauterine devices (IUDs), to perform experimental biofilm formation with isolated strains, and to examine biofilm by the crystal violet and XTT reduction assays and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). A total of 56 IUDs were examined for biofilm formation using Sabouraud's dextrose chloramphenicol agar. Suspected colonies were identified by different methods. Antifungal susceptibility testing with fluconazole (FLU) and amphotericin B for the isolated strains and in vitro experimental biofilm formation was carried out. The biofilm was quantified by crystal violet, XTT reduction assay and SEM. Among the 56 IUDs investigated, 26 were Candida positive (46.4 %). Candida albicans was recovered from 15 isolates. The biofilm MIC of FLU was increased 64 to 1000 times compared to the MIC for planktonic cells. The XTT method results were dependent on the Candida species; biofilm formation was highest in Candida krusei and Candida glabrata strains, followed by C. albicans and Candida tropicalis. SEM of Candida biofilm revealed a heterogeneous thick biofilm with a mixture of micro-organisms. The main conclusion from this study was non-albicans Candida represents more than a half of the Candida biofilm. Better understanding of Candida biofilms may lead to the development of novel therapeutic approaches for the treatment of fungal infections, especially resistant ones among IUD users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal M Zahran
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Michael N Agban
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Shaaban H Ahmed
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Ehsan A Hassan
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Marwa A Sabet
- Mother and Child Care Clinic, Ministry of Health, Assiut Governorate, Assiut, Egypt
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98
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Sodium houttuyfonate and EDTA-Na2 in combination effectively inhibits Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans in vitro and in vivo. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:142-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.10.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Revised: 10/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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99
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Shao J, Lu K, Tian G, Cui Y, Yan Y, Wang T, Zhang X, Wang C. Lab-scale preparations of Candida albicans and dual Candida albicans-Candida glabrata biofilms on the surface of medical-grade polyvinyl chloride (PVC) perfusion tube using a modified gravity-supported free-flow biofilm incubator (GS-FFBI). J Microbiol Methods 2014; 109:41-8. [PMID: 25528294 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2014.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2014] [Revised: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The assembly of a man-made gravity-supported free-flow biofilm incubator (GS-FFBI) was described, which was composed of a gas cushion injector and four incubators. The GS-FFBI had the characteristics of (i) a bottom-up flow direction, and (ii) lab-scale biofilm preparation without the use of a multichannel pump. Two opportunistic fungal strains, namely Candida albicans and Candida glabrata, were employed to incubate C. albicans and dual C. albicans-C. glabrata biofilms on the surface of medical-grade polyvinyl chloride perfusion tube. In terms of the results from {2, 3-bis (2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfo-phenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide} (XTT) assay, dry weight measurement, colony-forming unit counting, susceptibility test, and scanning electron microscopy, it was demonstrated that GS-FFBI could form both stable single and dual Candida biofilms with no significant variations among the four incubators or the three daily incubations within 21h, and could operate for at least 96h smoothly with no contamination of stock medium. The results also indicated, for the first time, that C. albicans and C. glabrata might be co-existent competitively and symbiotically in the dual biofilms with flowing media. GS-FFBI would be a useful device to study in vitro morphological and physiological features of microbial biofilms in the medical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Shao
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Chinese and Western Integrative Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China
| | - KeQiao Lu
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Chinese and Western Integrative Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China
| | - Ge Tian
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Chinese and Western Integrative Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China
| | - YanYan Cui
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Chinese and Western Integrative Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China
| | - YuanYuan Yan
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Chinese and Western Integrative Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China
| | - TianMing Wang
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Chinese and Western Integrative Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China
| | - XinLong Zhang
- Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, School of Acupuncture and Moxibustion & Fractures, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China
| | - ChangZhong Wang
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Chinese and Western Integrative Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China.
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100
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Martínez A, Rojas N, García L, González F, Domínguez M, Catalán A. In vitro activity of terpenes against Candida albicans and ultrastructural alterations. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2014; 118:553-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2014.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Revised: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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