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Kang HW, Yun SJ, Chung JI, Choi H, Kim JH, Yu HS, Ha YS, Cho IC, Kim HJ, Chung HC, Koh JS, Kim WJ, Park JH, Lee JY, Kim SY. National practice patterns and direct medical costs for prostate cancer in Korea across a 10 year period: a nationwide population-based study using a national health insurance database. BMC Health Serv Res 2019; 19:408. [PMID: 31234845 PMCID: PMC6591932 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-019-4218-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A complete enumeration study was conducted to evaluate trends in national practice patterns and direct medical costs for prostate cancer (PCa) in Korea over a 10-year retrospective period using data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service. METHODS Reimbursement records for 874,924 patients diagnosed between 2002 and 2014 with primary PCa according to the International Classification of Disease (ICD) 10th revision code C61 were accessed. To assess direct medical costs for patients newly diagnosed after 2005, data from 68,596 patients managed between January 2005 and 31 December 2014 were evaluated. RESULTS From 2005 to 2014, the total number of PCa patients showed a 2.6-fold increase. Surgery and androgen deprivation therapy were the most common first-line treatment, alone or within the context of combined therapy. Surgery as a monotherapy was performed in 23.5% of patients in 2005, and in 39.4% of patients in 2014. From 2008, the rate of robot-assisted RP rose sharply, showing a similar rate to open RP in 2014. Average total treatment costs in the 12 months post-diagnosis were around 10 million Korean won. Average annual treatment costs thereafter were around 5 million Korean won. Out-of-pocket expenditure was highest in the first year post-diagnosis, and ranged from 12 to 17% thereafter. CONCLUSIONS Between 2005 and 2014, a substantial change was observed in the national practice pattern for PCa in Korea. The present data provide a reliable overview of treatment patterns and medical costs for PCa in Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Won Kang
- Department of Urology, Chungbuk National University Hospital, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Seok-Joong Yun
- Department of Urology, Chungbuk National University Hospital, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Jae Il Chung
- Department of Urology, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Hoon Choi
- Department of Urology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan, Korea
| | - Jae Heon Kim
- Department of Urology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ho Song Yu
- Department of Urology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Yun-Sok Ha
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - In-Chang Cho
- Department of Urology, National Police Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyung Joon Kim
- Department of Urology, Konyang University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hyun Chul Chung
- Department of Urology, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
| | - Jun Sung Koh
- Department of Urology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea School of Medicine, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Korea
| | - Wun-Jae Kim
- Department of Urology, Chungbuk National University Hospital, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Jong-Hyock Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine/ Graduate School of Health Science Business Convergence, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Ji Youl Lee
- Department of Urology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea School of Medicine, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Korea.
| | - So-Young Kim
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, 776 1sunhwan-ro, Seowon-gu, Cheonju, 28644, Korea.
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Kwon WA, Joung JY, Lee JE, Choi SY, Kim SH, Seo HK, Lee KH, Kim CS. Use of docetaxel plus androgen deprivation therapy for metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer in Korean patients: A retrospective study. Investig Clin Urol 2019; 60:195-201. [PMID: 31098427 PMCID: PMC6495039 DOI: 10.4111/icu.2019.60.3.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the use of docetaxel plus androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) for metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC) in Korean patients. Materials and Methods This study was conducted retrospectively. In total, 61 Korean patients with mHSPC who used docetaxel plus ADT were identified from medical records. Patients received docetaxel plus ADT at a dose of 75 mg/m2 every 3 weeks for 6 cycles. We evaluated prostate-specific antigen (PSA) response, PSA progression, progression to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), clinical progression, and adverse events. Results Most of the patients had high volume disease (98.3%) and 83.6% had a Gleason score of 8 or higher. The median PSA level at the start of ADT was 131.4 ng/mL. The percentage of patients whose PSA levels decreased to less than 0.2 ng/mL at 3, 6, and 12 months were 28.3%, 41.0%, and 45.0%, respectively. During a median of 12.0 months after treatment, PSA progression occurred in 13.3% of patients. Clinical progression and progression to CRPC were observed in 15.1% and 14.8%, respectively. Neutropenia grade ≥3 and febrile neutropenia occurred in 63.5% and 11.5%, respectively. Conclusions Comparing our findings with those of the prior chemohormonal therapy versus androgen ablation randomized trial for extensive disease in prostate cancer (CHAARTED) study, in Korean patients, the use of docetaxel plus ADT for mHSPC showed similar results for early oncologic outcomes including PSA response and time to clinical progression. However, we observed a higher rate of adverse events, which should be considered seriously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Whi-An Kwon
- Department of Urology, Myongji Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea
| | - Jae Young Joung
- Department of Urology, Urological Cancer Center, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Jung Eun Lee
- Department of Urology, Urological Cancer Center, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Se Young Choi
- Department of Urology, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Han Kim
- Department of Urology, Urological Cancer Center, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Ho Kyung Seo
- Department of Urology, Urological Cancer Center, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Kang Hyun Lee
- Department of Urology, Urological Cancer Center, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Choung-Soo Kim
- Department of Urology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Chang EM, Punglia RS, Steinberg ML, Raldow AC. Cost Effectiveness of the Oncotype DX Genomic Prostate Score for Guiding Treatment Decisions in Patients With Early Stage Prostate Cancer. Urology 2019; 126:89-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2018.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Tang J, Zhong L, Paoli C, Paciorek A, Carroll P, Wilson L. Longitudinal Comparison of Patient-Level Outcomes and Costs Across Prostate Cancer Treatments With Urinary Problems. Am J Mens Health 2019; 13:1557988319835326. [PMID: 30836832 PMCID: PMC6440060 DOI: 10.1177/1557988319835326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the leading cancer in men in the United States. This study evaluated direct costs of treating urinary problems after PCa treatments and determined predictors of long-term costs for urinary problems. Data from the Cancer of Prostate Strategic Urologic Research Endeavor registry was analyzed for this study. Annual treatment costs for urinary problems for up to 14 years were compared among different primary PCa treatments, which included radical prostatectomy, external beam radiation therapy, brachytherapy, and watchful waiting. A multivariate generalized estimating equation (GEE) model with bootstrapping was estimated to identify the predictors associated with treatment costs for urinary problems. A total of 3,062 eligible patients were identified with a mean age of 65 years at diagnosis. Mean annual treatment cost for urinary problems across all patients with PCa was $118/patient. Those greater than 74 years old had the highest cost ($238/patient). Mean annual cost for urinary problems among only those with urinary problems was $432. Multivariate regression showed patients undergoing radical prostatectomy had significantly lower (-63%, p = .01) costs for urinary problems than those treated with watchful waiting. This study helps to understand the importance of treating urinary problems associated with different PCa treatments and highlights their medical care costs. The pattern of treatment costs for urinary problems across all PCa treatments suggests that clinicians need to offer treatment for urinary problems to all PCa patients over longer time periods, even to those choosing watchful waiting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Tang
- 1 Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Lixian Zhong
- 1 Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.,2 College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Carly Paoli
- 3 Global Health Economics, Amgen, Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA
| | - Alan Paciorek
- 4 Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Peter Carroll
- 4 Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Leslie Wilson
- 1 Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Lee HY, Park S, Doo SW, Yang WJ, Song YS, Kim JH. Trends in Prostate Cancer Prevalence and Radical Prostatectomy Rate according to Age Structural Changes in South Korea between 2005 and 2015. Yonsei Med J 2019; 60:257-266. [PMID: 30799588 PMCID: PMC6391527 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2019.60.3.257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Radical prostatectomy (RP) is one of main treatments for prostate cancer (Pca). The prevalence of Pca has been decreasing in recent reports. However, no study has reported trends in Pca prevalence or RP rate according to age structural changes. The objective of this study was to investigate trends in Pca prevalence and frequency of RP according to age structural change. MATERIALS AND METHODS We evaluated trends in Pca prevalence and RP rate using National Health Insurance Data from 2005 to 2015. Relationships for Pca prevalence and RP rate with age structural change were also determined. Primary outcomes included trends in Pca prevalence and RP rates according to age groups, comparing those before and after 2011. RESULTS Pca prevalence tended to increase before 2011 and decreased after 2011 in persons in the 60-years age group. RP rate increased pattern before 2011 and decreased after 2011 in age groups of 50s, 60s, and over 70s. Pca prevalence and age structural change showed a significantly positive relationship in all age groups, except for the age group under 40 years. RP rate and age structural change also showed a significantly positive relationship in all age groups. CONCLUSION Age structural change can affect the decreasing trend in Pca prevalence and RP rate in South Korea. Future studies are needed to validate this result.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Young Lee
- Department of Urology, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Soonchunhyang University Medical College, Seoul, Korea
| | - Suyeon Park
- Department of Biostatistics, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Whan Doo
- Department of Urology, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Soonchunhyang University Medical College, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won Jae Yang
- Department of Urology, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Soonchunhyang University Medical College, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yun Seob Song
- Department of Urology, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Soonchunhyang University Medical College, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Heon Kim
- Department of Urology, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Soonchunhyang University Medical College, Seoul, Korea.
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Shah S, Young HN, Cobran EK. An economic evaluation of conservative management and cryotherapy in patients with localized prostate cancer. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/jphs.12248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Surbhi Shah
- Division of Pharmaceutical Health Services, Outcomes, and Policy; College of Pharmacy; University of Georgia; Athens GA USA
| | - Henry N. Young
- Division of Pharmaceutical Health Services, Outcomes, and Policy; College of Pharmacy; University of Georgia; Athens GA USA
| | - Ewan K. Cobran
- Division of Pharmaceutical Health Services, Outcomes, and Policy; College of Pharmacy; University of Georgia; Athens GA USA
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Cornford P, Jefferson K, Cole O, Gilbody J. Effects of Initiating or Switching to a Six-Monthly Triptorelin Formulation on Prostate Cancer Patient-Healthcare Interactions and Hospital Resource Use: a Real-World, Retrospective, Non-Interventional Study. Oncol Ther 2018; 6:173-187. [PMID: 32700031 PMCID: PMC7359994 DOI: 10.1007/s40487-018-0087-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Luteinising hormone-releasing hormone agonist (LHRHa) injections are currently used in the treatment of advanced prostate cancer, but the frequency of injections may represent a burden to patients and healthcare services. The aim of this study was to collect real-world evidence about clinical and practical outcomes for patients with prostate cancer initiating six-monthly triptorelin, or switching from shorter-acting formulations to six-monthly triptorelin, in hospitals in the DEcapeptyl SERVice Evaluation project. METHODS Up to 2 years of data were collected retrospectively by physicians from records of 88 patients receiving six-monthly triptorelin at three centres. The primary outcome measure was the change in the number of patient-healthcare interactions (patient reviews, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) tests, and LHRHa injections) over a 24-month treatment period. RESULTS This analysis included 47 patients newly initiated on six-monthly triptorelin and 41 who received 12 months of a one- or three-monthly LHRHa before switching to six-monthly triptorelin. After switching to six-monthly triptorelin, there was a statistically significant reduction in patient reviews (46.8%), injections (46.8%), and PSA tests (26.6%; all P < 0.0001). The total number of patient-healthcare interactions was significantly reduced (41.5%; P < 0.0001). Based upon cost of these interactions only, the cost reduction of switching to six-monthly triptorelin was £10,214.85 (£249.14 per patient) over 12 months. At 12 months, median PSA was 1.30 ng/mL (23.50 ng/mL at diagnosis) for newly treated patients and 0.24 ng/mL (0.35 ng/mL at switch) for patients who had switched treatment. No safety issues were identified. CONCLUSION Switching from one- or three-monthly LHRHa to six-monthly triptorelin significantly reduced patient-healthcare interactions and associated costs while maintaining PSA control over a 12-month treatment period. This not only translates into healthcare savings but may release men from the restriction of repeated healthcare interactions and thus improve the overall patient experience as the population of long-term prostate cancer survivors continues to increase. FUNDING Ipsen Limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Cornford
- Department of Urology, Royal Liverpool University Hospitals, Liverpool, UK.
| | - Kieran Jefferson
- Urology Department, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, UK
| | - Owen Cole
- Urology Department, The Medical Specialist Group, St Martin's, Guernsey
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Eidelman E, Tripathi H, Fu DX, Siddiqui MM. Linking cellular metabolism and metabolomics to risk-stratification of prostate cancer clinical aggressiveness and potential therapeutic pathways. Transl Androl Urol 2018; 7:S490-S497. [PMID: 30363493 PMCID: PMC6178321 DOI: 10.21037/tau.2018.04.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer treatment is based on the stratification of disease as low-, intermediate- or high-risk. This stratification has been largely based on anatomic pathology of the disease, as well as through the use of prostate specific antigen (PSA). However, despite this stratification, there remains heterogeneity within the current classification schema. Utilizing a metabolic approach may help to further establish novel biomolecular markers of disease aggressiveness. These markers may eventually be useful in not only the diagnosis of disease but in creating tumor specific targeted therapy for improved clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Eidelman
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hemantkumar Tripathi
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - De-Xue Fu
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - M Minhaj Siddiqui
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Khalili N, Keshavarz-Fathi M, Shahkarami S, Hirbod-Mobarakeh A, Rezaei N. Passive-specific immunotherapy with monoclonal antibodies for prostate cancer: A systematic review. J Oncol Pharm Pract 2018; 25:903-917. [DOI: 10.1177/1078155218808080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Treatment of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer with conventional therapies is still not successful. Therefore, application of novel biological approaches such as immunotherapy, which appears to be more effective and less toxic, is necessary. Monoclonal antibodies against cancer specific antigens are a kind of immunotherapy that have been approved for specific types of cancer and are being investigated for prostate cancer as well. The aim of this review was to assess the effectiveness and safety of monoclonal antibodies for treatment of advanced prostate cancer. Method According to the search strategy stated in our systematic review protocol, Scopus, Medline, TRIP, CENTRAL, ProQuest, DART and OpenGrey databases were searched. Data collection and quality assessment were done independently by two authors and any disagreements between the collected data were resolved by a third author. A meta-analysis was not feasible as there was a considerable statistical heterogeneity among the trials. Hence, this review was limited to a narrative analysis of the included studies. Results We found 9756 references by applying search strategy in 4 databases of journal articles and 3 databases of grey literature. We then discarded 3957 duplicate citations using Endnote software and 5143 articles due to obvious irrelevancy of their topics in primary screening. In secondary screening of 656 fulltexts, we excluded 538 articles, and finally included 12 trials in this systematic review, updated on 23 June 2017. The overall quality of the studies was fair. In general, results of this systematic review show promising advances in the treatment of prostate cancer patients with monoclonal antibodies against prostate-specific antigens with regard to PSA/disease response. Some of the studies reported pain relief after treatment as well. Conclusion Currently, the role of immunotherapy in the treatment of advanced prostate cancer still remains debated. Although passive specific immunotherapy could be offered as a novel therapeutic option in the coming years, patients should be informed about the risks and benefits of this therapy. One of the obstacles in this review was the lack of adequate assessment of survival-related endpoints reported in the included studies. Our study provides support for further research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Khalili
- Border of Immune Tolerance Education and Research Network (BITERN), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Keshavarz-Fathi
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Shahkarami
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Medical Genetics Network (MeGeNe), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Armin Hirbod-Mobarakeh
- Border of Immune Tolerance Education and Research Network (BITERN), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
- Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Sheffield, UK
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Kularatne SA, Thomas M, Myers CH, Gagare P, Kanduluru AK, Crian CJ, Cichocki BN. Evaluation of Novel Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen-Targeted Near-Infrared Imaging Agent for Fluorescence-Guided Surgery of Prostate Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 25:177-187. [PMID: 30201762 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-0803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The ability to locate and remove all malignant lesions during radical prostatectomy leads not only to prevent biochemical recurrence (BCR) and possible side effects but also to improve the life expectancy of patients with prostate cancer. Fluorescence-guided surgery (FGS) has emerged as a technique that uses fluorescence to highlight cancerous cells and guide surgeons to resect tumors in real time. Thus, development of tumor-specific near-infrared (NIR) agents that target biomarkers solely expressed on prostate cancer cells will enable to assess negative tumor margins and affected lymph nodes. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Because PSMA is overexpressed in prostate cancer cells in >90% of the prostate cancer patient population, a prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-targeted NIR agent (OTL78) was designed and synthesized. Optical properties, in vitro and in vivo specificity, tumor-to-background ratio (TBR), accomplishment of negative surgical tumor margins using FGS, pharmacokinetics (PKs) properties, and preclinical toxicology of OTL78 were then evaluated in requisite models. RESULTS OTL78 binds to PSMA-expressing cells with high affinity, concentrates selectively to PSMA-positive cancer tissues, and clears rapidly from healthy tissues with a half-time of 17 minutes. It also exhibits an excellent TBR (5:1) as well as safety profile in animals. CONCLUSIONS OTL78 is an excellent tumor-specific NIR agent for use in fluorescence-guided radical prostatectomy and FGS of other cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mini Thomas
- On Target Laboratories, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | | | | | | | - Christa J Crian
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Brandy N Cichocki
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
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Peng S, Du T, Wu W, Chen X, Lai Y, Zhu D, Wang Q, Ma X, Lin C, Li Z, Guo Z, Huang H. Decreased expression of serine protease inhibitor family G1 (SERPING1) in prostate cancer can help distinguish high-risk prostate cancer and predicts malignant progression. Urol Oncol 2018; 36:366.e1-366.e9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2018.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 04/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Torkki P, Leskelä RL, Linna M, Mäklin S, Mecklin JP, Bono P, Kataja V, Karjalainen S. Cancer costs and outcomes for common cancer sites in the Finnish population between 2009-2014. Acta Oncol 2018; 57:983-988. [PMID: 29451406 DOI: 10.1080/0284186x.2018.1438656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cost of cancer and outcomes of cancer care have been discussed a lot since cancer represents 3-6% of total healthcare costs and cost estimations have indicated growing costs. There are studies considering the cost of all cancers, but studies focusing on the cost of disease and outcomes in most common cancer sites are limited. The objective of this study was to analyze the development of the costs and outcomes in Finland between 2009 and 2014 per cancer site. METHODS The National cost, episode and outcomes data were obtained from the National register databases based on International Statistical Classification of Diseases (ICD)-10 diagnosis codes. Cost data included both the direct and indirect costs. Two hospitals were used to validate the costs of care. The outcome measures included relative survival rate, mortality, sick leave days per patient and number of new disability pensions. FINDINGS The outcomes of cancer care in most common cancer sites have improved in Finland between 2009-2014. The real costs per new cancer patient decreased in seven out of ten most common cancer sites. The significance of different cost components differ significantly between the different cancer sites. The share of medication costs of the total cost of all cancers increased, but decreased for the five most common cancer sites. INTERPRETATION The changes in the cost components indicate that the length of stay has shortened in special care and treatment methods have developed towards outpatient care. This partially explains the decrease of costs. Also, at the same time outcomes improved, which indicates that decrease in costs did not come at the expense of treatment quality. As the survival rates increase, the relevance of mortality measures decreases and the relevance of other, patient-relevant outcome measures increases. In the future, the outcomes and costs of health care systems should be assessed routinely for the most common patient groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulus Torkki
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Industrial Management and Engineering, Aalto-yliopisto Tuotantotalouden laitos, Aalto, Finland
| | | | - Miika Linna
- Industrial Management and Engineering, Aalto-yliopisto Tuotantotalouden laitos, Aalto, Finland
| | - Suvi Mäklin
- Cancer Society of Finland, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jukka-Pekka Mecklin
- Surgical Department, Central Finland Central Hospital, Jyväskylä, Finland
- Department of Sport and Health Science, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Petri Bono
- Department of Oncology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Vesa Kataja
- Surgical Department, Central Finland Central Hospital, Jyväskylä, Finland
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Wang W, Chen ZX, Guo DY, Tao YX. Regulation of prostate cancer by hormone-responsive G protein-coupled receptors. Pharmacol Ther 2018; 191:135-147. [PMID: 29909235 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Regulation of prostate cancer by androgen and androgen receptor (AR), and blockade of AR signaling by AR antagonists and steroidogenic enzyme inhibitors have been extensively studied. G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are a family of membrane receptors that regulate almost all physiological processes. Nearly 40% of FDA-approved drugs in the market target GPCRs. A variety of GPCRs that mediate reproductive function have been demonstrated to be involved in the regulation of prostate cancer. These GPCRs include gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor, luteinizing hormone receptor, follicle-stimulating hormone receptor, relaxin receptor, ghrelin receptor, and kisspeptin receptor. We highlight here GPCR regulation of prostate cancer by these GPCRs. Further therapeutic approaches targeting these GPCRs for the treatment of prostate cancer are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiamen Huli Guoyu Clinic, Co., Ltd., Xiamen, China
| | - Zhao-Xia Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiamen Huli Guoyu Clinic, Co., Ltd., Xiamen, China
| | - Dong-Yu Guo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiamen Huli Guoyu Clinic, Co., Ltd., Xiamen, China.
| | - Ya-Xiong Tao
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA.
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Coakley FV, Oto A, Alexander LF, Allen BC, Davis BJ, Froemming AT, Fulgham PF, Hosseinzadeh K, Porter C, Sahni VA, Schuster DM, Showalter TN, Venkatesan AM, Verma S, Wang CL, Remer EM, Eberhardt SC. ACR Appropriateness Criteria ® Prostate Cancer-Pretreatment Detection, Surveillance, and Staging. J Am Coll Radiol 2018; 14:S245-S257. [PMID: 28473080 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacr.2017.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Despite the frequent statement that "most men die with prostate cancer, not of it," the reality is that prostate cancer is second only to lung cancer as a cause of death from malignancy in American men. The primary goal during baseline evaluation of prostate cancer is disease characterization, that is, establishing disease presence, extent (local and distant), and aggressiveness. Prostate cancer is usually diagnosed after the finding of a suspicious serum prostate-specific antigen level or digital rectal examination. Tissue diagnosis may be obtained by transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsy or MRI-targeted biopsy. The latter requires a preliminary multiparametric MRI, which has emerged as a powerful and relatively accurate tool for the local evaluation of prostate cancer over the last few decades. Bone scintigraphy and CT are primarily used to detect bone and nodal metastases in patients found to have intermediate- or high-risk disease at biopsy. The American College of Radiology Appropriateness Criteria are evidence-based guidelines for specific clinical conditions that are reviewed annually by a multidisciplinary expert panel. The guideline development and revision include an extensive analysis of current medical literature from peer reviewed journals and the application of well-established methodologies (RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method and Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation or GRADE) to rate the appropriateness of imaging and treatment procedures for specific clinical scenarios. In those instances where evidence is lacking or equivocal, expert opinion may supplement the available evidence to recommend imaging or treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fergus V Coakley
- Principal Author, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon.
| | - Aytekin Oto
- Panel Vice-Chair, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Brian C Allen
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | | | | | - Pat F Fulgham
- Urology Clinics of North Texas, Dallas, Texas; American Urological Association
| | | | - Christopher Porter
- Virginia Mason Medical Center, Seattle, Washington; American Urological Association
| | - V Anik Sahni
- Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | | | - Sadhna Verma
- University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Carolyn L Wang
- University of Washington, Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, Seattle, Washington
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Wang Y, Mossanen M, Chang SL. Cost and cost-effectiveness studies in urologic oncology using large administrative databases. Urol Oncol 2018; 36:213-219. [PMID: 29500134 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2018.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Urologic cancers are not only among the most common types of cancers, but also among the most expensive cancers to treat in the United States. This study aimed to review the use of CEAs and other cost analyses in urologic oncology using large databases to better understand the value of management strategies of these cancers. METHODS A literature review on CEAs and other cost analyses in urologic oncology using large databases. RESULTS The options for and costs of diagnosing, treating, and following patients with urologic cancers can be expected to rise in the coming years. There are numerous opportunities in each urologic cancer to use CEAs to both lower costs and provide high-quality services. Improved cancer care must balance the integration of novelty with ensuring reasonable costs to patients and the health care system. CONCLUSION With the increasing focus cost containment, appreciating the value of competing strategies in caring for our patients is pivotal. Leveraging methods such as CEAs and harnessing large databases may help evaluate the merit of established or emerging strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Wang
- Center for Surgery and Public Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Matthew Mossanen
- Division of Urology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Steven L Chang
- Center for Surgery and Public Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Division of Urology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
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Meani D, Solarić M, Visapää H, Rosén RM, Janknegt R, Soče M. Practical differences between luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonists in prostate cancer: perspectives across the spectrum of care. Ther Adv Urol 2018; 10:51-63. [PMID: 29434673 PMCID: PMC5805008 DOI: 10.1177/1756287217738985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) with luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) agonists is well established for the treatment of men with metastatic prostate cancer. As clear differences in efficacy, safety, or tolerability between the available LHRH agonists are lacking, the healthcare management team needs to look to practical differences between the formulations when selecting therapy for their patients. Moreover, as the economic burden of prostate cancer rises alongside earlier diagnosis and improved survival, the possibility for cost savings by using products with specific features is growing in importance. METHODS A review was conducted to summarize the information on the different LHRH agonist formulations currently available and offer insight into their relative benefits and disadvantages from the perspectives of physicians, a pharmacist, and a nurse. RESULTS The leuprorelin acetate and goserelin acetate solid implants have the advantage of being ready to use with no requirement for refrigeration, whereas powder and microsphere formulations have to be reconstituted and have specific storage or handling constraints. The single-step administration of solid implants, therefore, has potential to reduce labor time and associated costs. Dosing frequency is another key consideration, as administering the injection provides an opportunity for face-to-face interaction between the patient and healthcare professionals to ensure therapy is optimized and give reassurance to patients. Prostate cancer patients are reported to prefer 3- or 6-monthly dosing, which aligns with the monitoring frequency recommended in European Association of Urology guidelines and has been shown to result in reduced annual costs compared with 1-month formulations. CONCLUSIONS A number of practical differences exist between the different LHRH agonist preparations available, which may impact on clinical practice. It is important for healthcare providers to be aware and carefully consider these differences when selecting treatments for their prostate cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Meani
- Hexal AG, Industriestr. 25, D-83607, Holzkirchen, Germany
| | - Mladen Solarić
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital Center Zagreb (KBC Zagreb), Croatia
| | - Harri Visapää
- Department of Radiotherapy, Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Robert Janknegt
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Toxicology, Zuyderland Medisch Centrum, Sittard-Geleen, The Netherlands
| | - Majana Soče
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital Center Zagreb (KBC Zagreb), Croatia
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Bhat G, Hothpet VR, Lin MF, Cheng PW. Shifted Golgi targeting of glycosyltransferases and α-mannosidase IA from giantin to GM130-GRASP65 results in formation of high mannose N-glycans in aggressive prostate cancer cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2017; 1861:2891-2901. [PMID: 28782625 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2017.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a pressing need for biomarkers that can distinguish indolent from aggressive prostate cancer to prevent over-treatment of patients with indolent tumor. METHODS Golgi targeting of glycosyltransferases was characterized by confocal microscopy after knockdown of GM130, giantin, or both. N-glycans on a trans-Golgi enzyme β4galactosyltransferase-1 isolated by immunoprecipitation from androgen-sensitive and independent prostate cancer cells were determined by matrix-assisted laser desorption-time of flight-mass spectrometry. In situ proximity ligation assay was employed to determine co-localization of (a) α-mannosidase IA, an enzyme required for processing Man8GlcNAc2 down to Man5GlcNAc2 to enable synthesis of complex-type N-glycans, with giantin, GM130, and GRASP65, and (b) trans-Golgi glycosyltransferases with high mannose N-glycans terminated with α3-mannose. RESULTS Defective giantin in androgen-independent prostate cancer cells results in a shift of Golgi targeting of glycosyltransferases and α-mannosidase IA from giantin to GM130-GRASP65. Consequently, trans-Golgi enzymes and cell surface glycoproteins acquire high mannose N-glycans, which are absent in cells with functional giantin. In situ proximity ligation assays of co-localization of α-mannosidase IA with GM130 and GRASP65, and trans-Golgi glycosyltransferases with high mannose N-glycans are negative in androgen-sensitive LNCaP C-33 cells but positive in androgen-independent LNCaP C-81 and DU145 cells, and LNCaP C-33 cells devoid of giantin. CONCLUSION In situ proximity ligation assays of Golgi localization of α-mannosidase IA at giantin versus GM130-GRASP65 site, and absence or presence of N-glycans terminated with α3-mannose on trans-Golgi glycosyltransferases may be useful for distinguishing indolent from aggressive prostate cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganapati Bhat
- Veterans Affairs Nebraska and Western Iowa Healthcare System, Omaha, NE, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Vishwanath-Reddy Hothpet
- Veterans Affairs Nebraska and Western Iowa Healthcare System, Omaha, NE, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Ming-Fong Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Eppley Institute of Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Pi-Wan Cheng
- Veterans Affairs Nebraska and Western Iowa Healthcare System, Omaha, NE, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Eppley Institute of Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA..
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Eidelman E, Twum-Ampofo J, Ansari J, Siddiqui MM. The Metabolic Phenotype of Prostate Cancer. Front Oncol 2017; 7:131. [PMID: 28674679 PMCID: PMC5474672 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2017.00131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most common non-cutaneous cancer in men in the United States. Cancer metabolism has emerged as a contemporary topic of great interest for improved mechanistic understanding of tumorigenesis. Prostate cancer is a disease model of great interest from a metabolic perspective. Prostatic tissue exhibits unique metabolic activity under baseline conditions. Benign prostate cells accumulate zinc, and this excess zinc inhibits citrate oxidation and metabolism within the citric acid cycle, effectively resulting in citrate production. Malignant cells, however, actively oxidize citrate and resume more typical citric acid cycle function. Of further interest, prostate cancer does not exhibit the Warburg effect, an increase in glucose uptake, seen in many other cancers. These cellular metabolic differences and others are of clinical interest as they present a variety of potential therapeutic targets. Furthermore, understanding of the metabolic profile differences between benign prostate versus low- and high-grade prostate cancers also represents an avenue to better understand cancer progression and potentially develop new diagnostic testing. In this paper, we review the current state of knowledge on the metabolic phenotypes of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Eidelman
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore MD, United States
| | - Jeffrey Twum-Ampofo
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore MD, United States
| | - Jamal Ansari
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore MD, United States
| | - Mohummad Minhaj Siddiqui
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore MD, United States.,The Veterans Health Administration Research and Development Service, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore MD, United States
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69
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Reinhold T, Dornquast C, Börgermann C, Weißbach L. [Treatment costs of localized prostate cancer in Germany : Economic results from the HAROW observational study]. Urologe A 2017; 55:1573-1585. [PMID: 27822603 DOI: 10.1007/s00120-016-0258-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common cancer in men. For medical treatment of PCa, a number of therapies are available. The economic consequences associated with these individual treatment options in routine care in Germany are unclear so far. METHODS The present analysis was based on the Germany-wide HAROW observational study, which was conducted from 2008-2013. During this study, all participating physicians and involved patients reported and documented individual health care resource consumption. These data were evaluated in monetary terms stratified by treatment regime (hormone therapy, HT; active surveillance, AS; radiotherapy, RT; radical prostatectomy, RP; watchful waiting, WW). RESULTS Overall, the data of 2672 patients were available for analysis. Based on the observational study design, the included patient groups were heterogeneous in their baseline characteristics. The annual total costs from the societal perspective were the largest for patient undergoing RP (9254 €; 95 % CI 8353-10,154), mainly driven by the costs for the initial hospital stay for surgery. HT, AS, RT, and WW seem to be comparable in terms of direct costs, ranging from 805 € (95 % CI 154-1455) for WW up to 1115 € (95 % CI 826-1405) for RT. The highest indirect costs were observed for patients receiving RT (3928 €; 95 % CI 0-10,675), which can be justified by the frequent incapacity to work in this patient group. CONCLUSION The treatment of prostate cancer can lead to significant economic follow-up costs which vary greatly depending on the type of treatment. The analysis indicates a need for the implementation of a long-term health economic study in the future, which will be more suitable to show treatment-specific differences in the temporal occurrence of costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Reinhold
- Institut für Sozialmedizin, Epidemiologie und Gesundheitsökonomie, Charite - Universitätsmedizin, Luisenstr. 57, 10117, Berlin, Deutschland.
| | - C Dornquast
- Institut für Sozialmedizin, Epidemiologie und Gesundheitsökonomie, Charite - Universitätsmedizin, Luisenstr. 57, 10117, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - C Börgermann
- Klinik für Urologie, onkologische Urologie und Kinderurologie, Krankenhaus Düren gem. GmbH, Düren, Deutschland
| | - L Weißbach
- Stiftung Männergesundheit, Berlin, Deutschland
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Friedlander DF, Meyer CP, Choi K, Cole AP, Hanske J, Zavaski M, Reznor G, Sun M, Kibel AS, Lipsitz SR, Trinh QD. A Nationwide Survey of Prostate Specific Antigen Based Screening and Counseling for Prostate Cancer. UROLOGY PRACTICE 2017; 4:210-217. [PMID: 37592646 DOI: 10.1016/j.urpr.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Controversy surrounds prostate specific antigen screening following the 2012 U.S. Preventive Services Task Force grade D recommendation. There is limited evidence evaluating patterns of prostate specific antigen counseling and patient perceptions of the prostate specific antigen test since 2012. We evaluated the association between prostate cancer screening counseling and patient sociodemographic factors in a nationally representative sample. METHODS Using data from the 2013 Health Information National Trends Survey we identified 768 male respondents age 40 to 75 years without a prior prostate cancer diagnosis. Using logistical regression we assessed trends in prostate cancer screening, counseling and prostate specific antigen use. RESULTS Overall 54.1% of respondents reported ever having a prostate specific antigen test. Men undergoing prostate specific antigen testing were more likely to have had a prior cancer diagnosis other than prostate cancer (OR 3.93, 95% CI 1.19-12.94) and to have had at least some college education (OR 11.35, 95% CI 3.29-39.04). Men 40 to 49 years old had decreased odds of undergoing prostate specific antigen testing compared to men 50 to 69 years old (OR 0.20, 95% CI 0.10-0.39). History of cancer (OR 2.50, 95% CI 1.19-5.26) was associated with greater odds of being counseled on the potential adverse effects of prostate cancer treatment. Younger men (age 40 to 49 years) had decreased odds of discussing the prostate specific antigen test with a health care professional (OR 0.32, 95% CI 0.16-0.62) and being informed of the controversy surrounding prostate specific antigen screening (OR 0.35, 95% CI 0.13-0.95). CONCLUSIONS We show that certain men receive substantially different prostate specific antigen screening counseling, which may impact shared patient-provider decision making before prostate specific antigen counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- David F Friedlander
- Center for Surgery and Public Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (CPM, KC, JH, GR, SRL, QDT), Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Urologic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital (DFF, APC, MZ, ASK, QDT), Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Christian P Meyer
- Center for Surgery and Public Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (CPM, KC, JH, GR, SRL, QDT), Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Urologic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital (DFF, APC, MZ, ASK, QDT), Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kevin Choi
- Center for Surgery and Public Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (CPM, KC, JH, GR, SRL, QDT), Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Urologic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital (DFF, APC, MZ, ASK, QDT), Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Alexander P Cole
- Center for Surgery and Public Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (CPM, KC, JH, GR, SRL, QDT), Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Urologic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital (DFF, APC, MZ, ASK, QDT), Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Julian Hanske
- Center for Surgery and Public Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (CPM, KC, JH, GR, SRL, QDT), Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Urologic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital (DFF, APC, MZ, ASK, QDT), Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michael Zavaski
- Center for Surgery and Public Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (CPM, KC, JH, GR, SRL, QDT), Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Urologic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital (DFF, APC, MZ, ASK, QDT), Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Gally Reznor
- Center for Surgery and Public Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (CPM, KC, JH, GR, SRL, QDT), Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Urologic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital (DFF, APC, MZ, ASK, QDT), Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Maxine Sun
- Center for Surgery and Public Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (CPM, KC, JH, GR, SRL, QDT), Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Urologic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital (DFF, APC, MZ, ASK, QDT), Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Adam S Kibel
- Center for Surgery and Public Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (CPM, KC, JH, GR, SRL, QDT), Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Urologic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital (DFF, APC, MZ, ASK, QDT), Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Stuart R Lipsitz
- Center for Surgery and Public Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (CPM, KC, JH, GR, SRL, QDT), Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Urologic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital (DFF, APC, MZ, ASK, QDT), Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Quoc-Dien Trinh
- Center for Surgery and Public Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (CPM, KC, JH, GR, SRL, QDT), Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Urologic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital (DFF, APC, MZ, ASK, QDT), Boston, Massachusetts
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Patek S, Willder J, Heng J, Taylor B, Horgan P, Leung H, Underwood M, Edwards J. Androgen receptor phosphorylation status at serine 578 predicts poor outcome in prostate cancer patients. Oncotarget 2017; 8:4875-4887. [PMID: 27902483 PMCID: PMC5354877 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Prostate cancer growth is dependent upon androgen receptor (AR) activation, regulated via phosphorylation. Protein kinase C (PKC) is one kinase that can mediate AR phosphorylation. This study aimed to establish if AR phosphorylation by PKC is of prognostic significance. METHODS Immunohistochemistry for AR, AR phosphorylated at Ser-81 (pARS81), AR phosphorylated at Ser-578 (pARS578), PKC and phosphorylated PKC (pPKC) was performed on 90 hormone-naïve prostate cancer specimens. Protein expression was quantified using the weighted histoscore method and examined with regard to clinico-pathological factors and outcome measures; time to biochemical relapse, survival from biochemical relapse and disease-specific survival. RESULTS Nuclear PKC expression strongly correlated with nuclear pARS578 (c.c. 0.469, p=0.001) and cytoplasmic pARS578 (c.c. 0.426 p=0.002). High cytoplasmic and nuclear pARS578 were associated with disease-specific survival (p<0.001 and p=0.036 respectively). High nuclear PKC was associated with lower disease-specific survival when combined with high pARS578 in the cytoplasm (p=0.001) and nucleus (p=0.038). Combined high total pARS81 and total pARS578 was associated with decreased disease-specific survival (p=0.005). CONCLUSIONS pARS578 expression is associated with poor outcome and is a potential independent prognostic marker in hormone-naïve prostate cancer. Furthermore, PKC driven AR phosphorylation may promote prostate cancer progression and provide a novel therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Patek
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
- Academic Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Walton Building, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, G4 0SF, UK
| | - Jennifer Willder
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
- Academic Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Walton Building, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, G4 0SF, UK
| | - Jacob Heng
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Bruce Taylor
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Paul Horgan
- Academic Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Walton Building, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, G4 0SF, UK
| | - Hing Leung
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
- Beatson Institute of Cancer Research, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
- Department of Urology, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow G31 2ER, UK
| | - Mark Underwood
- Department of Urology, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow G31 2ER, UK
| | - Joanne Edwards
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
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Evidence for Masturbation and Prostate Cancer Risk: Do We Have a Verdict? Sex Med Rev 2016; 4:229-234. [PMID: 27871956 DOI: 10.1016/j.sxmr.2016.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the leading causes of cancer death in men and remains one of the most diagnosed malignancies worldwide. Ongoing public health efforts continue to promote protective factors, such as diet, physical activity, and other lifestyle modifications, against PCa development. Masturbation is a nearly universal safe sexual activity that transcends societal boundaries and geography yet continues to be met with stigma and controversy in contemporary society. Although previous studies have examined associations between sexual activity and PCa risk, anecdotal relations have been suggested regarding masturbation practice and PCa risk. AIM To provide a summary of the published literature and examine the contemporary evidence for relations between masturbation practice and PCa risk. METHODS A survey of the current literature using seven academic electronic databases was conducted using search terms and key words associated with masturbation practice and PCa risk. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The practice of masturbation and its relation to PCa risk. RESULTS The literature search identified study samples (n = 16) published before October 2015. Sample inclusions varied by study type, sample size, and primary objective. Protective relations (n = 7) between ejaculation through masturbation and PCa risk were reported by 44% of the study sample. Age range emerged as a significant variable in the relation between masturbation and PCa. CONCLUSION Findings included relations among masturbation, ejaculation frequency, and age range as individual factors of PCa risk. No universally accepted themes were identified across the study sample. Throughout the sample, there was insufficient agreement in survey design and data reporting. Potential avenues for new research include frequency of ejaculation and age range as covarying factors that could lead to more definitive statements about masturbation practice and PCa risk.
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Brandes A, Koerber F, Schwarzkopf L, Hunger M, Rogowski WH, Waidelich R. Costs of conservative management of early-stage prostate cancer compared to radical prostatectomy-a claims data analysis. BMC Health Serv Res 2016; 16:664. [PMID: 27863486 PMCID: PMC5116165 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-016-1886-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Due to widespread PSA testing incidence rates of localized prostate cancer increase but curative treatment is often not required. Overtreatment imposes a substantial economic burden on health care systems. We compared the direct medical costs of conservative management and radical therapy for the management of early-stage prostate cancer in routine care. Methods An observational study design is chosen based on claims data of a German statutory health insurance fund for the years 2008–2011. Three hundred fifty-three age-matched men diagnosed with prostate cancer and treated with conservative management and radical prostatectomy, are included. Individuals with diagnoses of metastases or treatment of advanced prostate cancer are excluded. In an excess cost approach direct medical costs are considered from an insured community perspective for in- and outpatient care, pharmaceuticals, physiotherapy, and assistive technologies. Generalized linear models adjust for comorbidity by Charlson comorbidity score and recycled predictions method calculates per capita costs per treatment strategy. Results After follow-up of 2.5 years per capita costs of conservative management are €6611 lower than costs of prostatectomy ([−9734;−3547], p < 0.0001). Complications increase costs of assistive technologies by 30% (p = 0.0182), but do not influence any other costs. Results are robust to cost outliers and incidence of prostate cancer diagnosis. The short time horizon does not allow assessing long-term consequences of conservative management. Conclusions At a time horizon of 2.5 years, conservative management is preferable to radical prostatectomy in terms of costs. Claims data analysis is limited in the selection of comparable treatment groups, as clinical information is scarce and bias due to non-randomization can only be partly mitigated by matching and confounder adjustment. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12913-016-1886-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Brandes
- Institute of Health Economics and Health Care Management, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Florian Koerber
- Institute of Health Economics and Health Care Management, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Larissa Schwarzkopf
- Institute of Health Economics and Health Care Management, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Hunger
- Institute of Health Economics and Health Care Management, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Wolf H Rogowski
- Institute of Health Economics and Health Care Management, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany. .,Institute of Public Health and Nursing Research, Health Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany.
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Mallow PJ, Chen J, Rizzo JA, Penrod JR, Trudel GC, Zyczynski TM. The Direct Healthcare Expenditures of Prostate Cancer by Disease Severity: Evidence from US National Survey Data. JOURNAL OF HEALTH ECONOMICS AND OUTCOMES RESEARCH 2016; 3:83-96. [PMID: 37662656 PMCID: PMC10471376 DOI: 10.36469/9844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Background: In the United States, approximately 2.8 million men have a history of prostate cancer (PC). Objective: This study quantified the effects of PC, overall and by disease severity on direct healthcare costs to insurers and patients. Methods: Using 1996-2010 data from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS), a large, nationally representative US database, multivariate analyses were used to assess the relationship between PC and direct annual healthcare costs to insurers and patients, at individual and US aggregate levels. Men aged 40 years and older with International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD-9) diagnosis code 185 were identified. Disease severity was determined with clinical assistance and based, in part, on the data in MEPS. The cohorts were: localized cancer not treated with chemotherapy, localized cancer treated with chemotherapy, and metastatic cancer. Results: The MEPS database included 1297 patients with PC: 811 patients with localized PC not treated with chemotherapy, 426 patients with PC treated with chemotherapy, and 60 patients with metastatic PC. PC had a larger effect on incremental costs for metastatic patients, $20 357, vs $16 709 for localized PC with chemotherapy, and $5238 for localized PC with no chemotherapy. When aggregated to the US population, PC accounted for an incremental annual cost of $15 billion. The largest aggregate annual costs were incurred by patients with localized PC treated with chemotherapy ($8.6 billion), compared to those not treated with chemotherapy ($4.8 billion) and metastatic patients ($1.6 billion). Conclusions: The aggregate annual costs of PC are substantial for all groups examined and greatest for patients with localized cancer treated with chemotherapy. This reflects the relatively high prevalence and high per capita healthcare expenditures associated with this group. With a growing and aging population, the prevalence of PC is expected to rise, increasing the burden on public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Mallow
- CTI Clinical Trial & Consulting Services, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jie Chen
- University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
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Gilbert SM, Pow-Sang JM, Xiao H. Geographical Factors Associated with Health Disparities in Prostate Cancer. Cancer Control 2016; 23:401-408. [DOI: 10.1177/107327481602300411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Treatment variation in prostate cancer is common, and it is driven by clinical and clinician factors, patient preferences, availability of resources, and access to physicians and treating facilities. Most research on treatment disparities in men with prostate cancer has focused on race and socioeconomic factors. However, the geography of disparities — capturing racial and socioeconomic differences based on where patients live — can provide insight into barriers to care and help identify outlier areas in which access to care, health resources, or both are more pronounced. Methods Research regarding treatment patterns and disparities in prostate cancer using the Geographical Information System (GIS) was searched. Studies were limited to English-language articles and research focused on US populations. A total of 43 articles were found; of those, 30 provided information about or used spatial or geographical analyses to assess and describe differences or disparities in prostate cancer and its treatment. Two additional GIS resources were included. Results The research on geographical and spatial determinants of prostate cancer disparities was reviewed. We also examined geographical analyses at the state level, focusing on Florida. Overall, we described a geographical framework to disparities that affect men with prostate cancer and reviewed existing published evidence supporting the interplay of geographical factors and disparities in prostate cancer. Conclusions Disparities in prostate cancer are common and persistent, and notable differences in treatment are observable across racial and socioeconomic strata. Geographical analysis provides additional information about where disparate groups live and also helps to map access to care. This information can be used by public health officials, health-systems administrators, clinicians, and policymakers to better understand and respond to geographical barriers that contribute to disparities in care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott M. Gilbert
- Departments of Genitourinary Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
- Health Outcomes and Behavior, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Julio M. Pow-Sang
- Health Outcomes and Behavior, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Hong Xiao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
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Fancher AT, Hua Y, Camarco DP, Close DA, Strock CJ, Johnston PA. Reconfiguring the AR-TIF2 Protein-Protein Interaction HCS Assay in Prostate Cancer Cells and Characterizing the Hits from a LOPAC Screen. Assay Drug Dev Technol 2016; 14:453-477. [PMID: 27606620 DOI: 10.1089/adt.2016.741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The continued activation of androgen receptor (AR) transcription and elevated expression of AR and transcriptional intermediary factor 2 (TIF2) coactivator observed in prostate cancer (CaP) recurrence and the development of castration-resistant CaP (CRPC) support a screening strategy for small-molecule inhibitors of AR-TIF2 protein-protein interactions (PPIs) to find new drug candidates. Small molecules can elicit tissue selective effects, because the cells of distinct tissues express different levels and cohorts of coregulatory proteins. We reconfigured the AR-TIF2 PPI biosensor (PPIB) assay in the PC-3 CaP cell line to determine whether AR modulators and hits from an AR-TIF2 PPIB screen conducted in U-2 OS cells would behave differently in the CaP cell background. Although we did not observe any significant differences in the compound responses between the assay performed in osteosarcoma and CaP cells, the U-2 OS AR-TIF2 PPIB assay would be more amenable to screening, because both the virus and cell culture demands are lower. We implemented a testing paradigm of counter-screens and secondary hit characterization assays that allowed us to identify and deprioritize hits that inhibited/disrupted AR-TIF2 PPIs and AR transcriptional activation (AR-TA) through antagonism of AR ligand binding or by non-specifically blocking nuclear receptor trafficking. Since AR-TIF2 PPI inhibitor/disruptor molecules act distally to AR ligand binding, they have the potential to modulate AR-TA in a cell-specific manner that is distinct from existing anti-androgen drugs, and to overcome the development of resistance to AR antagonism. We anticipate that the application of this testing paradigm to characterize the hits from an AR-TIF2 PPI high-content screening campaign will enable us to prioritize the AR-TIF2 PPI inhibitor/disruptor leads that have potential to be developed into novel therapeutics for CaP and CRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley T Fancher
- 1 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Yun Hua
- 1 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Daniel P Camarco
- 1 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - David A Close
- 1 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Paul A Johnston
- 1 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,3 University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Soulié M, Salomon L. [The issue of prostate cancer surgery]. Prog Urol 2016; 25:916-7. [PMID: 26519959 DOI: 10.1016/j.purol.2015.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2015] [Revised: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Soulié
- Département d'urologie-andrologie-transplantation rénale, CHU Rangueil, 1, avenue Jean-Poulhès, 31059 Toulouse cedex 9, France.
| | - L Salomon
- Service d'urologie et de transplantation rénale et pancréatique, CHU Henri-Mondor, 51, avenue du Maréchal-de-Lattre-de-Tassigny, 94010 Créteil cedex, France
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Green WJF, Ball G, Powe D. Does the molecular classification of breast cancer point the way for biomarker identification in prostate cancer? World J Clin Urol 2016; 5:80-89. [DOI: 10.5410/wjcu.v5.i2.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
There is significant variation in clinical outcome between patients diagnosed with prostate cancer (CaP). Although useful, statistical nomograms and risk stratification tools alone do not always accurately predict an individual’s need for and response to treatment. The factors that determine this variation are not fully elucidated. In particular, cellular response to androgen ablation and subsequent paracrine/autocrine adaptation is poorly understood and despite best therapies, median survival in castrate resistant patients is only approximately 35 mo. We propose that one way of understanding this is to look for correlates in other comparable malignancies, such as breast cancer, where markers of at least 4 distinct gene clusters coding for 4 different phenotypic subtypes have been identified. These subtypes have been shown to demonstrate prognostic significance and successfully guide appropriate treatment regimens. In this paper we assess and review the evidence demonstrating parallels in the biology and treatment approach between breast and CaP, and consider the feasibility of patients with CaP being stratified into different molecular classes that could be used to complement prostate specific antigen and histological grading for clinical decision making. We show that there are significant correlations between the molecular classification of breast and CaP and explain how techniques used successfully to predict response to treatment in breast cancer can be applied to the prostate. Molecular phenotyping is possible in CaP and identification of distinct subtypes may allow personalised risk stratification way beyond that currently available.
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Shearer JJ, Wold EA, Umbaugh CS, Lichti CF, Nilsson CL, Figueiredo ML. Inorganic Arsenic-Related Changes in the Stromal Tumor Microenvironment in a Prostate Cancer Cell-Conditioned Media Model. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2016; 124:1009-15. [PMID: 26588813 PMCID: PMC4937864 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1510090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The tumor microenvironment plays an important role in the progression of cancer by mediating stromal-epithelial paracrine signaling, which can aberrantly modulate cellular proliferation and tumorigenesis. Exposure to environmental toxicants, such as inorganic arsenic (iAs), has also been implicated in the progression of prostate cancer. OBJECTIVE The role of iAs exposure in stromal signaling in the tumor microenvironment has been largely unexplored. Our objective was to elucidate molecular mechanisms of iAs-induced changes to stromal signaling by an enriched prostate tumor microenvironment cell population, adipose-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (ASCs). RESULTS ASC-conditioned media (CM) collected after 1 week of iAs exposure increased prostate cancer cell viability, whereas CM from ASCs that received no iAs exposure decreased cell viability. Cytokine array analysis suggested changes to cytokine signaling associated with iAs exposure. Subsequent proteomic analysis suggested a concentration-dependent alteration to the HMOX1/THBS1/TGFβ signaling pathway by iAs. These results were validated by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blotting, confirming a concentration-dependent increase in HMOX1 and a decrease in THBS1 expression in ASC following iAs exposure. Subsequently, we used a TGFβ pathway reporter construct to confirm a decrease in stromal TGFβ signaling in ASC following iAs exposure. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest a concentration-dependent alteration of stromal signaling: specifically, attenuation of stromal-mediated TGFβ signaling following exposure to iAs. Our results indicate iAs may enhance prostate cancer cell viability through a previously unreported stromal-based mechanism. These findings indicate that the stroma may mediate the effects of iAs in tumor progression, which may have future therapeutic implications. CITATION Shearer JJ, Wold EA, Umbaugh CS, Lichti CF, Nilsson CL, Figueiredo ML. 2016. Inorganic arsenic-related changes in the stromal tumor microenvironment in a prostate cancer cell-conditioned media model. Environ Health Perspect 124:1009-1015; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1510090.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph J. Shearer
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Eric A. Wold
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Charles S. Umbaugh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Cheryl F. Lichti
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Carol L. Nilsson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Marxa L. Figueiredo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
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Tsaur I, Thurn K, Juengel E, Oppermann E, Nelson K, Thomas C, Bartsch G, Oremek GM, Haferkamp A, Rubenwolf P, Blaheta RA. Evaluation of TKTL1 as a biomarker in serum of prostate cancer patients. Cent European J Urol 2016; 69:247-251. [PMID: 27729989 PMCID: PMC5057049 DOI: 10.5173/ceju.2016.820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 04/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Monocyte associated transketolase-like 1 (TKTL1) as a cancer biomarker has become popular with alternative practitioners, but plays no role in conventional medicine. This investigation evaluates the potential of serum TKTL1 as a biomarker for prostate cancer. Material and methods Patients (n = 66) undergoing curative radical prostatectomy (RPE) for biopsy-pro-ven PCa were included in the study. Controls (n = 10) were healthy, age-matched, male volunteers. 10 ml of peripheral blood was drawn from patients several days before surgery and from controls. Serum TKTL1 was measured using the ELISA method. Results The median age at tumor diagnosis was 66 years and median serum PSA was 8.0 ng/ml. Nearly 96% of PCas submitted to surgery were clinically significant. Compared to healthy controls, serum TKTL1 was significantly lower in PCa patients (p = 0.0001, effect size indicator r = Z/sqr(n) = 0.4179). No correlation was apparent between serum TKTL1 and serum PSA, Gleason sum, tumor stage or further clinical and pathologic parameters. Conclusions Reduced serum TKTL1 in PCa patients stands in opposition to TKTL1 epitope detection in monocytes (EDIM) based studies, whereby increased TKTL1 in monocytes of tumor patients has been reported. Since serum TKTL1 does not correlate with clinical parameters in the current investigation, further research is needed to clarify whether serum TKTL1 has potential as a biomarker for PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Tsaur
- Mainz University Medical Center, Department of Urology, Mainz, Germany
| | - Kristina Thurn
- University Hospital Frankfurt, Department of Urology, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Eva Juengel
- Mainz University Medical Center, Department of Urology, Mainz, Germany
| | - Elsie Oppermann
- University Hospital Frankfurt, Department of Surgery, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Karen Nelson
- University Hospital Frankfurt, Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Christian Thomas
- Mainz University Medical Center, Department of Urology, Mainz, Germany
| | - Georg Bartsch
- Mainz University Medical Center, Department of Urology, Mainz, Germany
| | - Gerhard M Oremek
- University Hospital Frankfurt, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Axel Haferkamp
- Mainz University Medical Center, Department of Urology, Mainz, Germany
| | - Peter Rubenwolf
- Vitalicum Urology Outpatient Unit, Frankfurt, Germany; contributed equally as senior authors
| | - Roman A Blaheta
- University Hospital Frankfurt, Department of Urology, Frankfurt, Germany; contributed equally as senior authors
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Schlick B, Massoner P, Lueking A, Charoentong P, Blattner M, Schaefer G, Marquart K, Theek C, Amersdorfer P, Zielinski D, Kirchner M, Trajanoski Z, Rubin MA, Müllner S, Schulz-Knappe P, Klocker H. Serum Autoantibodies in Chronic Prostate Inflammation in Prostate Cancer Patients. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0147739. [PMID: 26863016 PMCID: PMC4749310 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic inflammation is frequently observed on histological analysis of malignant and non-malignant prostate specimens. It is a suspected supporting factor for prostate diseases and their progression and a main cause of false positive PSA tests in cancer screening. We hypothesized that inflammation induces autoantibodies, which may be useful biomarkers. We aimed to identify and validate prostate inflammation associated serum autoantibodies in prostate cancer patients and evaluate the expression of corresponding autoantigens. METHODS Radical prostatectomy specimens of prostate cancer patients (N = 70) were classified into high and low inflammation groups according to the amount of tissue infiltrating lymphocytes. The corresponding pre-surgery blood serum samples were scrutinized for autoantibodies using a low-density protein array. Selected autoantigens were identified in prostate tissue and their expression pattern analyzed by immunohistochemistry and qPCR. The identified autoantibody profile was cross-checked in an independent sample set (N = 63) using the Luminex-bead protein array technology. RESULTS Protein array screening identified 165 autoantibodies differentially abundant in the serum of high compared to low inflammation patients. The expression pattern of three corresponding antigens were established in benign and cancer tissue by immunohistochemistry and qPCR: SPAST (Spastin), STX18 (Syntaxin 18) and SPOP (speckle-type POZ protein). Of these, SPAST was significantly increased in prostate tissue with high inflammation. All three autoantigens were differentially expressed in primary and/or castration resistant prostate tumors when analyzed in an inflammation-independent tissue microarray. Cross-validation of the inflammation autoantibody profile on an independent sample set using a Luminex-bead protein array, retrieved 51 of the significantly discriminating autoantibodies. Three autoantibodies were significantly upregulated in both screens, MUT, RAB11B and CSRP2 (p>0.05), two, SPOP and ZNF671, close to statistical significance (p = 0.051 and 0.076). CONCLUSIONS We provide evidence of an inflammation-specific autoantibody profile and confirm the expression of corresponding autoantigens in prostate tissue. This supports evaluation of autoantibodies as non-invasive markers for prostate inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Schlick
- Division of Experimental Urology, Dept. of Urology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- ONCOTYROL, Center for Personalized Cancer Medicine, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Petra Massoner
- Division of Experimental Urology, Dept. of Urology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- ONCOTYROL, Center for Personalized Cancer Medicine, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | | | - Mirjam Blattner
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Precision Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Georg Schaefer
- ONCOTYROL, Center for Personalized Cancer Medicine, Innsbruck, Austria
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Zlatko Trajanoski
- Division of Bioinformatics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Mark A. Rubin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Precision Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, United States of America
| | | | | | - Helmut Klocker
- Division of Experimental Urology, Dept. of Urology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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83
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Sommariva S, Tarricone R, Lazzeri M, Ricciardi W, Montorsi F. Prognostic Value of the Cell Cycle Progression Score in Patients with Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Eur Urol 2016; 69:107-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2014.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Gupta S, Pandey D, Mandalapu D, Bala V, Sharma V, Shukla M, Yadav SK, Singh N, Jaiswal S, Maikhuri JP, Lal J, Siddiqi MI, Gupta G, Sharma VL. Design, synthesis and biological profiling of aryl piperazine based scaffolds for the management of androgen sensitive prostatic disorders. MEDCHEMCOMM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6md00426a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Twenty-six piperazine derivatives were synthesized and findings revealed that compound9ais promising candidate for management of prostatic disorders.
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85
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Hussein AA, Cooperberg MR. Is Surgery Still Necessary for Prostate Cancer? Prostate Cancer 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800077-9.00027-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Boyd KA, Jones RJ, Paul J, Birrell F, Briggs AH, Leung HY. Decision analytic cost-effectiveness model to compare prostate cryotherapy to androgen deprivation therapy for treatment of radiation recurrent prostate cancer. BMJ Open 2015; 5:e007925. [PMID: 26482768 PMCID: PMC4611206 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-007925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the cost-effectiveness of salvage cryotherapy (SC) in men with radiation recurrent prostate cancer (RRPC). DESIGN Cost-utility analysis using decision analytic modelling by a Markov model. SETTING AND METHODS Compared SC and androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) in a cohort of patients with RRPC (biopsy proven local recurrence, no evidence of metastatic disease). A literature review captured published data to inform the decision model, and resource use data were from the Scottish Prostate Cryotherapy Service. The model was run in monthly cycles for RRPC men, mean age of 70 years. The model was run over the patient lifetime, to assess changes in patient health states and the associated quality of life, survival and cost impacts. Results are reported in terms of the discounted incremental costs and discounted incremental quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) gained between the 2 alternative interventions. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis used a 10,000 iteration Monte Carlo simulation. RESULTS SC has a high upfront treatment cost, but delays the ongoing monthly cost of ADT. SC is the dominant strategy over the patient lifetime; it is more effective with an incremental 0.56 QALY gain (95% CI 0.28 to 0.87), and less costly with a reduced lifetime cost of £29,719 (€37,619) (95% CI -51,985 to -9243). For a ceiling ratio of £30,000, SC has a 100% probability to be cost-effective. The cost neutral point was at 3.5 years, when the upfront cost of SC (plus any subsequent cumulative cost of side effects and ADT) equates the cumulative cost in the ADT arm. Limitations of our model may arise from its insensitivity to parameter or structural uncertainty. CONCLUSIONS The platform for SC versus ADT cost-effective analysis can be employed to evaluate other treatment modalities or strategies in RRPC. SC is the dominant strategy, costing less over a patient's lifetime with improvements in QALYs. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER This economic analysis was undertaken as part of the CROP RCT study ISRCTN 72677390; it was a pre-trial economic model developed and analysed during the pre-results stage of the RCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen A Boyd
- Health Economics & Health Technology Assessment, Institute of Health & Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Rob J Jones
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre, Glasgow, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Bearsden, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jim Paul
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre, Glasgow, UK
| | - Fiona Birrell
- Department of Urology, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Andrew H Briggs
- Health Economics & Health Technology Assessment, Institute of Health & Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Hing Y Leung
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Bearsden, Glasgow, UK
- Department of Urology, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow, UK
- Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Bearsden, Glasgow, UK
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Kitazawa T, Matsumoto K, Fujita S, Seto K, Hanaoka S, Hasegawa T. Cost of illness of the prostate cancer in Japan--a time-trend analysis and future projections. BMC Health Serv Res 2015; 15:453. [PMID: 26438194 PMCID: PMC4593231 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-015-1103-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The majority of patients with prostate cancer (International Classification of Diseases, 10th edition, code C61) are elderly. With Japan’s rapidly society aging, both the prevalence and mortality of prostate cancer are expected to increase in the future. The objective of this study was to estimate and predict the cost of illness (COI) associated with prostate cancer in Japan. Methods Using a COI method based on available data from government office statistics, we estimated the COI for 2002, 2005, 2008, and 2011. We then predicted the COI for 2014, 2017, and 2020 using fixed model estimation and variable model estimation. With fixed model estimation, only estimated future population was used as a variable. Variable model estimation considered the time trend of health-related indicators in the past 15 years. We derived the COI from the sum of direct and indirect costs (morbidity and mortality). Results We found the predicted future COI of prostate cancer to be 354.7–378.3 billion yen in 2014, 370.8–421.0 billion yen in 2017, and 385.3–474.1 billion yen in 2020. Regardless of the estimation model, we found that COI would increase compared with the baseline year 2011 (307.3 billion yen). The direct costs for inpatient and outpatient treatment, laboratory tests, and drugs accounted for 60–75 % of the COI of prostate cancer. Conclusions The results of this study suggest that the COI of prostate cancer in Japan has steadily increased and is expected to rise in the future. Direct costs comprised the largest proportion of the COI and are anticipated to continue expanding; this will result in increased burden on public funds in Japan, where a universal public insurance system operates. These trends differ from those with other forms of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takefumi Kitazawa
- Department of Social Medicine, Toho University School of Medicine, 5-21-16, Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, 143-8540 , Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Kunichika Matsumoto
- Department of Social Medicine, Toho University School of Medicine, 5-21-16, Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, 143-8540 , Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Shigeru Fujita
- Department of Social Medicine, Toho University School of Medicine, 5-21-16, Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, 143-8540 , Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Kanako Seto
- Department of Social Medicine, Toho University School of Medicine, 5-21-16, Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, 143-8540 , Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Shimpei Hanaoka
- Department of Social Medicine, Toho University School of Medicine, 5-21-16, Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, 143-8540 , Tokyo, Japan. .,Chiba Psychiatric Medical Center, Chiba, Japan.
| | - Tomonori Hasegawa
- Department of Social Medicine, Toho University School of Medicine, 5-21-16, Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, 143-8540 , Tokyo, Japan.
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Abstract
In the 22,160 patients treated in Germany for prostate cancer by prostatectomy, the costs for direct and indirect sequelae as the result of postoperative urinary incontinence are estimated to be 71.8 million €. This greatly exceeds the costs of 69.8 million € for the operation itself. This additional economic burden can, however, be decisively influenced by using a surgical technique that preserves the integrity of the urethral sphincter.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Lent
- , Bergstraße 19, 53498, Bad Breisig, Deutschland.
| | - M Schultheis
- Urologisches Zentrum für Anschlussheilbehandlung Bad Wildungen-Reinhardshausen, Bad Wildungen-Reinhardshausen, Klinik am Kurpark, Bad Wildungen, Deutschland
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Bettencourt-Silva JH, Clark J, Cooper CS, Mills R, Rayward-Smith VJ, de la Iglesia B. Building Data-Driven Pathways From Routinely Collected Hospital Data: A Case Study on Prostate Cancer. JMIR Med Inform 2015; 3:e26. [PMID: 26162314 PMCID: PMC4526987 DOI: 10.2196/medinform.4221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Revised: 04/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Routinely collected data in hospitals is complex, typically heterogeneous, and scattered across multiple Hospital Information Systems (HIS). This big data, created as a byproduct of health care activities, has the potential to provide a better understanding of diseases, unearth hidden patterns, and improve services and cost. The extent and uses of such data rely on its quality, which is not consistently checked, nor fully understood. Nevertheless, using routine data for the construction of data-driven clinical pathways, describing processes and trends, is a key topic receiving increasing attention in the literature. Traditional algorithms do not cope well with unstructured processes or data, and do not produce clinically meaningful visualizations. Supporting systems that provide additional information, context, and quality assurance inspection are needed. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study is to explore how routine hospital data can be used to develop data-driven pathways that describe the journeys that patients take through care, and their potential uses in biomedical research; it proposes a framework for the construction, quality assessment, and visualization of patient pathways for clinical studies and decision support using a case study on prostate cancer. METHODS Data pertaining to prostate cancer patients were extracted from a large UK hospital from eight different HIS, validated, and complemented with information from the local cancer registry. Data-driven pathways were built for each of the 1904 patients and an expert knowledge base, containing rules on the prostate cancer biomarker, was used to assess the completeness and utility of the pathways for a specific clinical study. Software components were built to provide meaningful visualizations for the constructed pathways. RESULTS The proposed framework and pathway formalism enable the summarization, visualization, and querying of complex patient-centric clinical information, as well as the computation of quality indicators and dimensions. A novel graphical representation of the pathways allows the synthesis of such information. CONCLUSIONS Clinical pathways built from routinely collected hospital data can unearth information about patients and diseases that may otherwise be unavailable or overlooked in hospitals. Data-driven clinical pathways allow for heterogeneous data (ie, semistructured and unstructured data) to be collated over a unified data model and for data quality dimensions to be assessed. This work has enabled further research on prostate cancer and its biomarkers, and on the development and application of methods to mine, compare, analyze, and visualize pathways constructed from routine data. This is an important development for the reuse of big data in hospitals.
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90
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Marti J, Hall PS, Hamilton P, Hulme CT, Jones H, Velikova G, Ashley L, Wright P. The economic burden of cancer in the UK: a study of survivors treated with curative intent. Psychooncology 2015; 25:77-83. [PMID: 26087260 DOI: 10.1002/pon.3877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Revised: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aim to describe the economic burden of UK cancer survivorship for breast, colorectal and prostate cancer patients treated with curative intent, 1 year post-diagnosis. METHODS Patient-level data were collected over a 3-month period 12-15 months post-diagnosis to estimate the monthly societal costs incurred by cancer survivors. Self-reported resource utilisation data were obtained via the electronic Patient-reported Outcomes from Cancer Survivors system and included community-based health and social care, medications, travel costs and informal care. Hospital costs were retrieved through data linkage. Multivariate regression analysis was used to examine cost predictors. RESULTS Overall, 298 patients were included in the analysis, including 136 breast cancer, 83 colorectal cancer and 79 prostate cancer patients. The average monthly societal cost was $ US 409 (95%CI: $ US 316-$ US 502) [mean: £ 260, 95%CI: £ 198-£ 322] and was incurred by 92% of patients. This was divided into costs to the National Health Service (mean: $ US 279, 95%CI: $ US 207-$ US 351) [mean: £ 177, 95%CI: £ 131-£ 224], patients' out-of-pocket (OOP) expenses (mean: $ US 40, 95%CI: $ US 15-$ US 65) [mean: £ 25, 95%CI: £ 9-£ 42] and the cost of informal care (mean: $ US 110, 95%CI: $ US 57-$ US 162) [mean: £ 70, 95%CI: £ 38-£ 102]. The distribution of costs was skewed with a small number of patients incurring very high costs. Multivariate analyses showed higher societal costs for breast cancer patients. Significant predictors of OOP costs included age and socioeconomic deprivation. CONCLUSIONS This study found the economic burden of cancer survivorship is unevenly distributed in the population and that cancer survivors may still incur substantial costs over 1 year post-diagnosis. In addition, this study illustrates the feasibility of using an innovative online data collection platform to collect patient-reported resource utilisation information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Marti
- Academic Unit of Health Economics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Peter S Hall
- Academic Unit of Health Economics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.,Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Patrick Hamilton
- Academic Unit of Health Economics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Claire T Hulme
- Academic Unit of Health Economics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Helen Jones
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Galina Velikova
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Laura Ashley
- Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
| | - Penny Wright
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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91
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Assinder SJ, Beniamen D, Lovicu FJ. Cosuppression of Sprouty and Sprouty-related negative regulators of FGF signalling in prostate cancer: a working hypothesis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:827462. [PMID: 26075267 PMCID: PMC4449890 DOI: 10.1155/2015/827462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Deregulation of FGF receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) signalling is common in prostate cancer. Normally, to moderate RTK signalling, induction of Sprouty (SPRY) and Sprouty-related (SPRED) antagonists occurs. Whilst decreased SPRY and SPRED has been described in some cancers, their role in prostate cancer is poorly understood. Therefore, we hypothesise that due to the need for tight regulation of RTK signalling, SPRY and SPRED negative regulators provide a degree of redundancy which ensures that a suppression of one or more family member does not lead to disease. Contrary to this, our analyses of prostates from 24-week-old Spry1- or Spry2-deficientmice, either hemizygous (+/-) or homozygous (-/-) for the null allele, revealed a significantly greater incidence of PIN compared to wild-type littermates. We further investigated redundancy of negative regulators in the clinical setting in a preliminary analysis of Gene Expression Omnibus and Oncomine human prostate cancer datasets. Consistent with our hypothesis, in two datasets analysed a significant cosuppression of SPRYs and SPREDs is evident. These findings demonstrate the importance of negative regulators of receptor tyrosine signalling, such as Spry, in the clinical setting, and highlight their importance for future pharmacopeia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J. Assinder
- Disciplines of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Daniella Beniamen
- Disciplines of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Frank J. Lovicu
- Anatomy and Histology, School of Medical Sciences and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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92
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Tsaur I, Thurn K, Juengel E, Gust KM, Borgmann H, Mager R, Bartsch G, Oppermann E, Ackermann H, Nelson K, Haferkamp A, Blaheta RA. sE-cadherin serves as a diagnostic and predictive parameter in prostate cancer patients. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2015; 34:43. [PMID: 25967040 PMCID: PMC4490684 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-015-0161-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Measurement of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) advanced the diagnostic and prognostic potential for prostate cancer (PCa). However, due to PSA's lack of specificity, novel biomarkers are needed to improve risk assessment and ensure optimal personalized therapy. A set of protein molecules as potential biomarkers was therefore evaluated in serum of PCa patients. METHODS Serum samples from patients undergoing radical prostatectomy (RPE) for biopsy-proven PCa without neoadjuvant treatment were compared to serum samples from healthy subjects. Preliminary screening of 119 proteins in 10 PCa patients and 10 controls was carried out by the Proteome Profiler Antibody Array. Those markers showing distinct differences between patients and controls were then further evaluated by ELISA in the serum of 165 PCa patients and 19 controls. Uni- and multivariate as well as correlation analysis were performed to test the capability of these molecules to detect disease and predict pathological outcome. RESULTS Screening showed that soluble (s)E-cadherin, E-selectin, MMP2, MMP9, TIMP1, TIMP2, Galectin and Clusterin warranted further evaluation. sE-Cadherin, TIMP1, Galectin and Clusterin were significantly over- and MMP9 under-expressed in PCa compared to controls. The concentration of sE-cadherin, MMP2 and Clusterin correlated negatively and that of MMP9 and TIMP1 positively with the Gleason Sum at prostatectomy. Only sE-cadherin significantly correlated with the highest Gleason pattern. Compared to serum PSA, sE-cadherin provided an independent and better matching predictive ability for discriminating PCas with an upgrade at RPE and aggressive tumors with a Gleason Sum ≥7. CONCLUSIONS sE-cadherin performed most favorably from a large panel of serum proteins in terms of diagnostic and predictive potential in curatively treatable PCa. sE-cadherin merits further investigation as a biomarker for PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Tsaur
- Department of Urology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Kristina Thurn
- Department of Urology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Eva Juengel
- Department of Urology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Kilian M Gust
- Department of Urology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Hendrik Borgmann
- Department of Urology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Rene Mager
- Department of Urology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Georg Bartsch
- Department of Urology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Elsie Oppermann
- Department of Surgery, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Hanns Ackermann
- Institute for Biostatistics, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Karen Nelson
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Axel Haferkamp
- Department of Urology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Roman A Blaheta
- Department of Urology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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93
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Yip K, McConnell H, Alonzi R, Maher J. Using routinely collected data to stratify prostate cancer patients into phases of care in the United Kingdom: implications for resource allocation and the cancer survivorship programme. Br J Cancer 2015; 112:1594-602. [PMID: 25791873 PMCID: PMC4453665 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Revised: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed malignancy in British men. The increasing use of PSA screening test has resulted in many more patients being diagnosed with this condition. Advances in its treatment have improved the survival rate among these patients. By 2040, the prevalence of prostate cancer survivors is expected to reach 830 000. Many of them will require medical support for the management of their progressive disease or long-term toxicities from previous treatments. Successful implementation of the cancer survivorship programme among these patients depends on a good understanding of their demand on the health care system. The aim of this study is to segment the population of prostate cancer survivors into different needs groups and to quantify them with respect to their phase of care. METHODS Incidence, survival, prevalence and mortality data collected and reported by cancer registries across the United Kingdom have been used for the current study to provide indicative estimates as to the number of prostate cancer patients in each phase of the care pathway in a year. RESULTS The majority of prostate cancer patients are in the post-treatment monitoring phase. Around a fifth of the patients are either receiving treatment or in the recovery and readjustment phase having completed their treatment in the preceding year. Thirteen percent have not received any anticancer treatment, a further 12% (32 000) have developed metastatic disease and 4% are in the final stage of their lives. CONCLUSION On the basis of our estimates, patients undergoing post-treatment monitoring phase will constitute the biggest group among prostate cancer survivors. The pressure to provide adequate follow-up care to these patients will be a challenge. There is limited data available to definitively quantify the number of prostate cancer patients who follow different pathways of care, and we hope this study has highlighted the importance of collecting and reporting of such data to help future health care planning for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Yip
- Mount Vernon Cancer Centre, Rickmansworth Road, Northwood, London HA6 2RN, UK
| | - H McConnell
- Macmillan Cancer Support, 89 Albert Embankment, London SE1 7UQ, UK
| | - R Alonzi
- Mount Vernon Cancer Centre, Rickmansworth Road, Northwood, London HA6 2RN, UK
| | - J Maher
- Mount Vernon Cancer Centre, Rickmansworth Road, Northwood, London HA6 2RN, UK
- Macmillan Cancer Support, 89 Albert Embankment, London SE1 7UQ, UK
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94
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Merseburger AS, Björk T, Whitehouse J, Meani D. Treatment costs for advanced prostate cancer using luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonists: a solid biodegradable leuprorelin implant versus other formulations. J Comp Eff Res 2014; 4:447-53. [PMID: 25521079 DOI: 10.2217/cer.14.82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To compare treatment costs with alternative luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) agonist preparations and determine whether a leuprorelin solid implant is associated with potential cost savings. PATIENTS & METHODS A hypothetical population of 1000 prostate cancer patients was apportioned between the three most commonly-prescribed LHRH agonist preparations. Differentiated annual costs for 1- and 3-monthly formulations were calculated for France, Germany, Italy, Spain, the UK (EU5) and Sweden, and compared with the leuprorelin solid implant. RESULTS Compared with alternative formulations, leuprorelin solid implants had potential annual cost savings/1000 patients of €353,000 (EU5) and €699,000 (Sweden; 1-month formulations), and €259,000 (EU5) and €300,000 (Sweden; 3-month formulations). CONCLUSION The leuprorelin solid implant was associated with potential cost savings compared with the most commonly used LHRH agonist preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel S Merseburger
- Department of Urology & Urologic Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Björk
- Department of Surgery & Urology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - James Whitehouse
- Norgine, Norgine House, Widewater Place, Moorhall Road Harefield, Uxbridge, UB9 6NS, UK
| | - Davide Meani
- Sandoz Biopharmaceuticals, Sandoz International GmbH, Industriestraße 25, 83607 Holzkirchen, Germany
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95
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Ignatyeva VI, Derkach EV, Avxentyeva MV, Omelyanovsky VV. The Cost of Melanoma and Kidney, Prostate, and Ovarian Cancers in Russia. Value Health Reg Issues 2014; 4:58-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vhri.2014.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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96
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Traka MH, Melchini A, Mithen RF. Sulforaphane and prostate cancer interception. Drug Discov Today 2014; 19:1488-92. [PMID: 25051139 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2014.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Whereas much attention is focused on distinguishing newly diagnosed prostate cancers that will progress to become aggressive forms of the disease from those that will remain indolent, it is also appropriate to explore therapeutic and lifestyle interventions to reduce the risk of progression. Diets rich in broccoli have been associated with a reduction in risk of progression, which has been attributed to the compound sulforaphane. Although the mode of action of sulforaphane has been extensively studied in cell and animal models and a multiple of mechanisms that could underpin its protective effects have been proposed, recent evidence from human intervention studies suggests that sulforaphane is involved in a complex interplay between redox status and metabolism to result in a tissue environment that does not favour prostate cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria H Traka
- Food and Health Programme, Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UA, UK
| | - Antonietta Melchini
- Food and Health Programme, Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UA, UK
| | - Richard F Mithen
- Food and Health Programme, Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UA, UK.
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97
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MiR-26a inhibits prostate cancer progression by repression of Wnt5a. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:9725-33. [PMID: 24972966 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2206-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that are involved in different biological processes by suppressing target gene expression. miRNA microarray analysis revealed a significant decrease of miR-26a in prostate cancer tissues versus their normal counterparts, but the role of miR-26a is needed to investigate. In the present study, we found that miR-26a expression was lower in prostate cancer tissues compared with their normal controls, so did the prostate cancer cells. Next, by lentivirus-mediated gain-of-function studies, it was showed that stable miR-26a inhibited cell proliferation, metastasis, and epithelial mesenchymal transition and induced G1 phase arrest in prostate cancer. It was predicted that Wnt5a was a potential target gene of miR-26a by bioinformatics analysis. Then, luciferase assay and Western blot analysis identified that Wnt5a was a new direct target gene of miR-26a and miR-26a inhibited prostate cancer progression via Wnt5a. Altogether, the findings suggested that miR-26a may function as a tumor suppressor in prostate cancer by targeting Wnt5a.
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98
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Rencz F, Brodszky V, Varga P, Gajdácsi J, Nyirády P, Gulácsi L. [The economic burden of prostate cancer. A systematic literature overview of registry-based studies]. Orv Hetil 2014; 155:509-20. [PMID: 24659744 DOI: 10.1556/oh.2014.29837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prostate cancer, the most frequent malignant disease in males in Europe, accounts for a great proportion of health expenditures. AIM A systematic review of registry-based studies about the cost-of-illness and related factors of prostate cancer, published in the last 10 years. METHOD A MEDLINE-based literature review was carried out between January 1, 2003 and October 1, 2013. RESULTS Fifteen peer-reviewed articles met the criteria of interest. In developed countries radiotherapy, surgical treatment and hormone therapy account for the greatest per capita costs. In Europe early stage tumours (4-7000 €, 2006), while in the USA metastatic prostate cancer (19 900-25 500 $, 2004) was associated with highest per capita expenses. In Europe the greatest costs incurred within the initial treatment (6400 €/6 months, 2008), while in the USA within the end-of-life care (depending on age: 62 200-93 400 $, 2010). CONCLUSIONS Despite public health importance of prostate cancer, the cost-of-illness literature from Europe is relatively small.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanni Rencz
- Budapesti Corvinus Egyetem Egészségügyi Közgazdaságtan Tanszék Budapest Fővám tér 8. 1093 Semmelweis Egyetem Klinikai Orvostudományok Doktori Iskola Budapest
| | | | - Péter Varga
- Országos Egészségbiztosítási Pénztár Elemzési, Orvosszakértői és Szakmai Ellenőrzési Főosztály Budapest
| | | | - Péter Nyirády
- Semmelweis Egyetem, Általános Orvostudományi Kar Urológiai Klinika és Uroonkológiai Centrum Budapest
| | - László Gulácsi
- Budapesti Corvinus Egyetem Egészségügyi Közgazdaságtan Tanszék Budapest Fővám tér 8. 1093
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99
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Dragomir A, Cury FL, Aprikian AG. Active surveillance for low-risk prostate cancer compared with immediate treatment: a Canadian cost comparison. CMAJ Open 2014; 2:E60-8. [PMID: 25077131 PMCID: PMC4084746 DOI: 10.9778/cmajo.20130037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical consequences of active surveillance compared with immediate treatment have been evaluated in patients with low-risk prostate cancer; yet, its financial benefits have not been adequately studied in Canada or elsewhere. Our study objective was to evaluate the direct costs associated with active surveillance and immediate treatment in the Canadian context. METHODS We developed a Markov model with Monte Carlo microsimulations to estimate the Canadian cost of prostate cancer associated with immediate treatment and active surveillance strategies. The patients receiving active surveillance were assumed to receive delayed treatment at a rate of 8.35%, 4.17% and 2.1% per year for the first 2 years, years 3 to 5, and years 6 to 10 of follow-up, respectively. All costs were assigned in Canadian dollars and reflect Quebec's health system. RESULTS With active surveillance, the mean cost of prostate cancer management over the first year and 5 years of follow-up was estimated at $6200 (95% confidence interval [CI] $6083-$6317) per patient. The mean cost corresponding to immediate treatment was estimated at $13 735 (95% CI $13 615-$13 855) per patient. We estimated that patients receiving active surveillance who received delayed treatment incurred higher costs of $16 257 per patient. INTERPRETATION Active surveillance could offer important economic benefits to the Canadian health system, estimated at $96.1 million for each annual cohort of incident prostate cancer. These results add to the economic rationale advocating active surveillance for eligible men with low-risk prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Dragomir
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, McGill University, Montréal, Que
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que
| | - Fabio L. Cury
- McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que
- Department of Oncology, Division of Radiation Oncology, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - Armen G. Aprikian
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, McGill University, Montréal, Que
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que
- McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que
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100
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Segall GM. PET/CT with sodium 18F-fluoride for management of patients with prostate cancer. J Nucl Med 2014; 55:531-3. [PMID: 24591486 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.113.133546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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