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Coode‐Bate J, Sivapalan T, Melchini A, Saha S, Needs PW, Dainty JR, Maicha J, Beasy G, Traka MH, Mills RD, Ball RY, Mithen RF. Accumulation of Dietary S-Methyl Cysteine Sulfoxide in Human Prostate Tissue. Mol Nutr Food Res 2019; 63:e1900461. [PMID: 31410992 PMCID: PMC6856681 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201900461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Observational studies have associated consumption of cruciferous vegetables with reduced risk of prostate cancer. This effect has been associated with the degradation products of glucosinolates-thioglycosides that accumulate within crucifers. The possible role of S-methyl cysteine sulfoxide, a metabolite that also accumulates in cruciferous vegetables, and its derivatives, in cancer prevention is relatively unexplored compared to glucosinolate derivatives. The hypothesis that consuming a broccoli soup results in the accumulation of sulfate (a SMCSO derivative) and other broccoli-derived metabolites in prostate tissue is tested. METHODS AND RESULTS Eighteen men scheduled for transperineal prostate biopsy were recruited into a 4-week parallel single blinded diet supplementation study (NCT02821728). Nine men supplemented their diet with three 300 mL portions of a broccoli soup each week for four weeks prior to surgery. Analyses of prostate biopsy tissues reveal no detectable levels of glucosinolates and derivatives. In contrast, SMCSO is detected in prostate tissues of the participants, with significantly higher levels in tissue of men in the supplementation arm. SMCSO was also found in blood and urine samples from a previous intervention study with the identical broccoli soup. CONCLUSION The consequences of SMCSO accumulation in prostate tissues and its potential role in prevention of prostate cancer remains to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Shikha Saha
- Quadram Institute BioscienceColney LaneNorwichNR4 7UQUK
| | - Paul W. Needs
- Quadram Institute BioscienceColney LaneNorwichNR4 7UQUK
| | | | | | - Gemma Beasy
- Quadram Institute BioscienceColney LaneNorwichNR4 7UQUK
| | | | - Robert D. Mills
- Department of UrologyNorfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustNorwichUK
| | - Richard Y. Ball
- Norfolk and Waveney Cellular Pathology ServiceNorfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustNorwichUK
| | - Richard F. Mithen
- Quadram Institute BioscienceColney LaneNorwichNR4 7UQUK
- The Liggins InstituteUniversity of AucklandNew Zealand
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Traka MH, Melchini A, Coode-Bate J, Al Kadhi O, Saha S, Defernez M, Troncoso-Rey P, Kibblewhite H, O'Neill CM, Bernuzzi F, Mythen L, Hughes J, Needs PW, Dainty JR, Savva GM, Mills RD, Ball RY, Cooper CS, Mithen RF. Transcriptional changes in prostate of men on active surveillance after a 12-mo glucoraphanin-rich broccoli intervention-results from the Effect of Sulforaphane on prostate CAncer PrEvention (ESCAPE) randomized controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2019; 109:1133-1144. [PMID: 30982861 PMCID: PMC6462431 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqz012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological evidence suggests that consumption of cruciferous vegetables is associated with reduced risk of prostate cancer progression, largely attributed to the biological activity of glucosinolate degradation products, such as sulforaphane derived from glucoraphanin. Because there are few therapeutic interventions for men on active surveillance for prostate cancer to reduce the risk of cancer progression, dietary approaches are an appealing option for patients. OBJECTIVE We evaluated whether consumption of a glucoraphanin-rich broccoli soup for 1 y leads to changes in gene expression in prostate tissue of men with localized prostate cancer. METHODS Forty-nine men on active surveillance completed a 3-arm parallel randomized double-blinded intervention study for 12 mo and underwent transperineal template biopsy procedures and dietary assessment at the start and end of the study. Patients received a weekly 300 mL portion of soup made from a standard broccoli (control) or from 1 of 2 experimental broccoli genotypes with enhanced concentrations of glucoraphanin, delivering 3 and 7 times that of the control, respectively. Gene expression in tissues from each patient obtained before and after the dietary intervention was quantified by RNA sequencing followed by gene set enrichment analyses. RESULTS In the control arm, there were several hundred changes in gene expression in nonneoplastic tissue during the 12 mo. These were associated with an increase in expression of potentially oncogenic pathways including inflammation processes and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Changes in gene expression and associated oncogenic pathways were attenuated in men on the glucoraphanin-rich broccoli soup in a dose-dependent manner. Although the study was not powered to assess clinical progression, an inverse association between consumption of cruciferous vegetables and cancer progression was observed. CONCLUSION Consuming glucoraphanin-rich broccoli soup affected gene expression in the prostate of men on active surveillance, consistent with a reduction in the risk of cancer progression. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01950143.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria H Traka
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | | | - Jack Coode-Bate
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, United Kingdom,Department of Urology, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Omar Al Kadhi
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, United Kingdom,Department of Urology, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Shikha Saha
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Laura Mythen
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Jackie Hughes
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Paul W Needs
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Jack R Dainty
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | | | - Robert D Mills
- Department of Urology, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Y Ball
- Norfolk and Waveney Cellular Pathology Service, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Colin S Cooper
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Richard F Mithen
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, United Kingdom,Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, New Zealand,Address correspondence to RFM (e-mail: )
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Sivapalan T, Melchini A, Saha S, Needs PW, Traka MH, Tapp H, Dainty JR, Mithen RF. Bioavailability of Glucoraphanin and Sulforaphane from High-Glucoraphanin Broccoli. Mol Nutr Food Res 2018; 62:e1700911. [PMID: 29266773 PMCID: PMC6175108 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201700911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Broccoli accumulates 4-methylsulphinylbutyl glucosinolate (glucoraphanin) which is hydrolyzed to the isothiocyanate sulforaphane. Through the introgression of novel alleles of the Myb28 transcription factor from Brassica villosa, broccoli genotypes have been developed that have enhanced levels of glucoraphanin. This study seeks to quantify the exposure of human tissues to glucoraphanin and sulforaphane following consumption of broccoli with contrasting Myb28 genotypes. METHODS AND RESULTS Ten participants are recruited into a three-phase, double-blinded, randomized crossover trial (NCT02300324), with each phase comprising consumption of 300 g of a soup made from broccoli of one of three Myb28 genotypes (Myb28B/B , Myb28B/V , Myb28V/V ). Plant myrosinases are intentionally denatured during soup manufacture. Threefold and fivefold higher levels of sulforaphane occur in the circulation following consumption of Myb28V/B and Myb28V/V broccoli soups, respectively. The percentage of sulforaphane excreted in 24 h relative to the amount of glucoraphanin consumed varies among volunteers from 2 to 15%, but does not depend on the broccoli genotype. CONCLUSION This is the first study to report the bioavailability of glucoraphanin and sulforaphane from soups made with novel broccoli varieties. The presence of one or two Myb28V alleles results in enhanced delivery of sulforaphane to the systemic circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tharsini Sivapalan
- Food and Health ProgrammeQuadram Institute BioscienceNorwichUnited Kingdom
| | | | - Shikha Saha
- Food and Health ProgrammeQuadram Institute BioscienceNorwichUnited Kingdom
| | - Paul W. Needs
- Food and Health ProgrammeQuadram Institute BioscienceNorwichUnited Kingdom
| | - Maria H. Traka
- Food and Health ProgrammeQuadram Institute BioscienceNorwichUnited Kingdom
| | - Henri Tapp
- Analytical Support UnitQuadram Institute BioscienceNorwichUnited Kingdom
| | - Jack R. Dainty
- Analytical Support UnitQuadram Institute BioscienceNorwichUnited Kingdom
| | - Richard F. Mithen
- Food and Health ProgrammeQuadram Institute BioscienceNorwichUnited Kingdom
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Taviano MF, Melchini A, Filocamo A, Costa C, Catania S, Raciti R, Saha S, Needs P, Bisignano GG, Miceli N. Contribution of the Glucosinolate Fraction to the Overall Antioxidant Potential, Cytoprotection against Oxidative Insult and Antimicrobial Activity of Eruca sativa Mill. Leaves Extract. Pharmacogn Mag 2017; 13:738-743. [PMID: 29200742 PMCID: PMC5701420 DOI: 10.4103/pm.pm_245_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Eruca sativa Mill. (Brassicaceae) is commonly utilized as an ingredient in salads and also as a folk remedy to treat various diseases. Objective The objective of this study was to establish the contribution of the glucosinolate (GLS) fraction to the overall antioxidant, cytoprotection against oxidative insult and antimicrobial properties of the hydro-alcoholic extract of E. sativa leaves from Sicily (Italy), characterized phytochemically. Materials and Methods The antioxidant activity was evaluated by different in vitro systems. The cytoprotective effect against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidative stress was tested in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). The antimicrobial potential against bacteria and fungi was assayed by standard methods. Results E. sativa extract exhibited both radical scavenging (50% inhibitory concentration [IC50] 1.04 ± 0.04 mg/mL) and ferrous ions-chelating activity (IC50 0.327 ± 0.0032 mg/mL) and mild reducing power; the GLS fraction showed chelating ability only (IC50 0.225 ± 0.009 mg/mL). In the experimental model of H2O2-induced oxidative stress in human PBMCs, a significant cytoprotective effect and a suppression of reactive oxygen species production by both extract and GLS fraction were observed (P < 0.001). E. sativa extract displayed moderate antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria, and Staphylococcus aureus was the most sensitive strain (minimum inhibitory concentration 0.125 mg/mL), whereas the GLS fraction was not active. Conclusion GLSs are not involved in the primary antioxidant activity of E. sativa leaf extract but they are, almost in part, responsible for its ferrous ion-chelating properties. Iron-chelating compounds in E. sativa extract may protect cells under conditions of oxidative stress, and GLSs might play a chief role in this effect. SUMMARY Eruca sativa Mill. leaf extract exhibited antioxidant activity in different in vitro systems, whereas the glucosinolate (GLS) fraction showed Fe2+-chelating ability onlyA significant cytoprotective effect and a suppression of intracellular reactive oxygen species production by both extract and GLS fraction were observed in human peripheral blood mononuclear cellsE. sativa extract displayed moderate antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria, whereas the GLS fraction was not active. Abbreviations used: GLS: Glucosinolate; H2O2: Hydrogen peroxide; PBMCs: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells; IC50: 50% inhibitory concentration; MIC: Minimum inhibitory concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Fernanda Taviano
- Department of Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | | | - Angela Filocamo
- Department of Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.,Foundation Prof. Antonio Imbesi, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Chiara Costa
- Department of Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Stefania Catania
- Department of Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Roberto Raciti
- Department of Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Shikha Saha
- Institute of Food Research, Norwich NR4 7UA, UK
| | - Paul Needs
- Institute of Food Research, Norwich NR4 7UA, UK
| | - Giuseppe Giovanni Bisignano
- Department of Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Natalizia Miceli
- Department of Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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Al Kadhi O, Traka MH, Melchini A, Troncoso-Rey P, Jurkowski W, Defernez M, Pachori P, Mills RD, Ball RY, Mithen RF. Increased transcriptional and metabolic capacity for lipid metabolism in the peripheral zone of the prostate may underpin its increased susceptibility to cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:84902-84916. [PMID: 29156692 PMCID: PMC5689582 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The human prostate gland comprises three distinct anatomical glandular zones, namely the peripheral, central and transitional zones. Although prostate cancer can arise throughout the prostate, it is more frequent in the peripheral zone. In contrast, hyperplasia occurs most frequently in the transitional zone. In this paper, we test the hypothesis that peripheral and transitional zones have distinct metabolic adaptations that may underlie their different inherent predispositions to cancer and hyperplasia. In order to do this, we undertook RNA sequencing and high-throughput metabolic analyses of non-cancerous tissue from the peripheral and transitional zones of patients undergoing prostatectomy. Integrated analysis of RNAseq and metabolomic data revealed that transcription of genes involved in lipid biosynthesis is higher in the peripheral zone, which was mirrored by an increase in fatty acid metabolites, such as lysolipids. The peripheral zone also exhibited increased fatty acid catabolic activity and contained higher level of neurotransmitters. Such increased capacity for de novo lipogenesis and fatty acid oxidation, which is characteristic of prostate cancer, can potentially provide a permissive growth environment within the peripheral zone for cancer growth and also transmit a metabolic growth advantage to newly emerging clones themselves. This lipo-rich priming may explain the observed susceptibility of the peripheral zone to oncogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Al Kadhi
- Food and Health Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, UK.,Department of Urology, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Norwich, UK
| | - Maria H Traka
- Food and Health Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Purnima Pachori
- Platforms and Pipelines Bioinformatics, Earlham Institute, Norwich, UK
| | - Robert D Mills
- Department of Urology, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Norwich, UK
| | - Richard Y Ball
- Norfolk and Waveney Cellular Pathology Service, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, UK
| | - Richard F Mithen
- Food and Health Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, UK
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Al Kadhi O, Melchini A, Mithen R, Saha S. Development of a LC-MS/MS Method for the Simultaneous Detection of Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle Intermediates in a Range of Biological Matrices. J Anal Methods Chem 2017; 2017:5391832. [PMID: 29075551 PMCID: PMC5624170 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5391832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
It is now well-established that perturbations in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle play an important role in the metabolic transformation occurring in cancer including that of the prostate. A method for simultaneous qualitative and quantitative analysis of TCA cycle intermediates in body fluids, tissues, and cultured cell lines of human origin was developed using a common C18 reversed-phase column by LC-MS/MS technique. This LC-MS/MS method for profiling TCA cycle intermediates offers significant advantages including simple and fast preparation of a wide range of human biological samples. The analytical method was validated according to the guideline of the Royal Society of Chemistry Analytical Methods Committee. The limits of detection were below 60 nM for most of the TCA intermediates with the exception of lactic and fumaric acids. The calibration curves of all TCA analytes showed linearity with correlation coefficients r2 > 0.9998. Recoveries were >95% for all TCA analytes. This method was established taking into consideration problems and limitations of existing techniques. We envisage that its application to different biological matrices will facilitate deeper understanding of the metabolic changes in the TCA cycle from in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Al Kadhi
- Food and Health Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich NR4 7UA, UK
- Department of Urology, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Norwich NR4 7UY, UK
| | - Antonietta Melchini
- Food and Health Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich NR4 7UA, UK
| | - Richard Mithen
- Food and Health Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich NR4 7UA, UK
| | - Shikha Saha
- Food and Health Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich NR4 7UA, UK
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Al‐Bakheit A, Traka M, Saha S, Mithen R, Melchini A. Accumulation of Palmitoylcarnitine and Its Effect on Pro-Inflammatory Pathways and Calcium Influx in Prostate Cancer. Prostate 2016; 76:1326-37. [PMID: 27403764 PMCID: PMC4996340 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acylcarnitines are intermediates of fatty acid oxidation and accumulate as a consequence of the metabolic dysfunction resulting from the insufficient integration between β-oxidation and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. The aim of this study was to investigate whether acylcarnitines accumulate in prostate cancer tissue, and whether their biological actions could be similar to those of dihydrotestosterone (DHT), a structurally related compound associated with cancer development. METHODS Levels of palmitoylcarnitine (palcar), a C16:00 acylcarnitine, were measured in prostate tissue using LC-MS/MS. The effect of palcar on inflammatory cytokines and calcium (Ca(2+) ) influx was investigated in in vitro models of prostate cancer. RESULTS We observed a significantly higher level of palcar in prostate cancerous tissue compared to benign tissue. High levels of palcar have been associated with increased gene expression and secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6 in cancerous PC3 cells, compared to normal PNT1A cells. Furthermore, we found that high levels of palcar induced a rapid Ca(2+) influx in PC3 cells, but not in DU145, BPH-1, or PNT1A cells. This pattern of Ca(2+) influx was also observed in response to DHT. Through the use of whole genome arrays we demonstrated that PNT1A cells exposed to palcar or DHT have a similar biological response. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that palcar might act as a potential mediator for prostate cancer progression through its effect on (i) pro-inflammatory pathways, (ii) Ca(2+) influx, and (iii) DHT-like effects. Further studies need to be undertaken to explore whether this class of compounds has different biological functions at physiological and pathological levels. Prostate 76:1326-1337, 2016. © 2016 The Authors. The Prostate published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ala'a Al‐Bakheit
- Department of Nutrition and Food SciencesAl‐Balqa’ Applied UniversityAl‐SaltJordan
| | - Maria Traka
- Food and Health ProgrammeInstitute of Food ResearchNorwichUnited Kingdom
| | - Shikha Saha
- Food and Health ProgrammeInstitute of Food ResearchNorwichUnited Kingdom
| | - Richard Mithen
- Food and Health ProgrammeInstitute of Food ResearchNorwichUnited Kingdom
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Folkard DL, Melchini A, Traka MH, Al‐Bakheit A, Saha S, Mulholland F, Watson A, Mithen RF. Suppression of
LPS
‐induced transcription and cytokine secretion by the dietary isothiocyanate sulforaphane. Mol Nutr Food Res 2014; 58:2286-96. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201400550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Revised: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maria H. Traka
- Food and Health Programme Institute of Food Research Norwich UK
| | | | - Shikha Saha
- Food and Health Programme Institute of Food Research Norwich UK
| | | | - Andrew Watson
- Analytical Science Unit Institute of Food Research Norwich UK
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Abstract
Whereas much attention is focused on distinguishing newly diagnosed prostate cancers that will progress to become aggressive forms of the disease from those that will remain indolent, it is also appropriate to explore therapeutic and lifestyle interventions to reduce the risk of progression. Diets rich in broccoli have been associated with a reduction in risk of progression, which has been attributed to the compound sulforaphane. Although the mode of action of sulforaphane has been extensively studied in cell and animal models and a multiple of mechanisms that could underpin its protective effects have been proposed, recent evidence from human intervention studies suggests that sulforaphane is involved in a complex interplay between redox status and metabolism to result in a tissue environment that does not favour prostate cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria H Traka
- Food and Health Programme, Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UA, UK
| | - Antonietta Melchini
- Food and Health Programme, Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UA, UK
| | - Richard F Mithen
- Food and Health Programme, Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UA, UK.
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10
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Taviano MF, Marino A, Trovato A, Bellinghieri V, Melchini A, Dugo P, Cacciola F, Donato P, Mondello L, Güvenç A, Pasquale RD, Miceli N. Juniperus oxycedrus L. subsp. oxycedrus and Juniperus oxycedrus L. subsp. macrocarpa (Sibth. & Sm.) Ball. “berries” from Turkey: Comparative evaluation of phenolic profile, antioxidant, cytotoxic and antimicrobial activities. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 58:22-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.03.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2012] [Revised: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 03/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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11
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Melchini A, Traka MH, Catania S, Miceli N, Taviano MF, Maimone P, Francisco M, Mithen RF, Costa C. Antiproliferative activity of the dietary isothiocyanate erucin, a bioactive compound from cruciferous vegetables, on human prostate cancer cells. Nutr Cancer 2013; 65:132-8. [PMID: 23368923 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2013.741747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
It is becoming increasingly clear that many dietary agents, such as isothiocyanates (ITCs) from cruciferous vegetables, can retard or prevent the process of prostate carcinogenesis. Erucin (ER) is a dietary ITC, which has been recently considered a promising cancer chemopreventive phytochemical. The potential protective activity of ER against prostate cancer was investigated using prostate adenocarcinoma cells (PC3), to analyze its effects on pathways involved in cell growth regulation, such as the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDKs) inhibitor p21(WAF1/CIP1) (p21), phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase/AKT, and extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK)1/2 signaling pathways. We have shown for the first time that ER increases significantly p21 protein expression and ERK1/2 phosphorylation in a dose-dependent manner to inhibit PC3 cell proliferation (P ≤ 0.01). Compared to the structurally related sulforaphane, a well-studied broccoli-derived ITC, ER showed lower potency in inhibiting proliferation of PC3 cells, as well as in modulating p21 and pERK1/2 protein levels. Neither of the naturally occurring ITCs was able to affect significantly pAKT protein levels in prostate cells at all concentrations tested (0-25 μM). It is clearly important for the translation of laboratory findings to clinical approaches to investigate in animal and cell studies the molecular mechanisms by which ITCs may exert health promoting effects.
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12
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Melchini A, Needs PW, Mithen RF, Traka MH. Enhanced in vitro biological activity of synthetic 2-(2-pyridyl) ethyl isothiocyanate compared to natural 4-(methylsulfinyl) butyl isothiocyanate. J Med Chem 2012; 55:9682-92. [PMID: 22998472 DOI: 10.1021/jm300929v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Dietary isothiocyanates (ITC) derived from cruciferous vegetables have been shown to have numerous biological effects consistent with chemoprotective activity. In this study we synthesized a novel ITC, 2-(2-pyridyl) ethyl ITC (PY-ITC), and assessed its chemopreventive ability in comparison to sulforaphane (SF), the ITC derived from broccoli. PY-ITC suppressed cancerous cell growth and proliferation at lower concentrations than SF and was more potent at inducing p21 protein. Through the use of whole genome arrays we demonstrate that prostate cells exposed to PY-ITC or SF have similar biological response, albeit PY-ITC alters a greater number of genes, and to a greater extent. In the presence of a phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor PY-ITC had a more pronounced effect on gene expression, emphasizing the important role of PI3K/AKT signaling in mediating the chemopreventive effects of ITCs. These results highlight the importance of the ITC side chain in bioactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonietta Melchini
- Food & Health Programme, Institute of Food Research , Norwich Research Park, NR4 7UA United Kingdom
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13
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Miceli N, Trovato A, Marino A, Bellinghieri V, Melchini A, Dugo P, Cacciola F, Donato P, Mondello L, Güvenç A, De Pasquale R, Taviano MF. Phenolic composition and biological activities of Juniperus drupacea Labill. berries from Turkey. Food Chem Toxicol 2011; 49:2600-8. [PMID: 21784120 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2011.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2011] [Revised: 07/04/2011] [Accepted: 07/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The present study was designed to define the phenolic profile and the biological potential of berries methanol extract of Juniperus drupacea Labill. from Turkey. The total phenolic content (Folin-Ciocalteau assay) was 48.06±0.99mgGAE/g extract. The HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS analysis allowed the determination of the complete phenolic profile of J. drupacea berries. Phenolic acids represented more than 60% of the total phenolics, and tyrosol was the major one (1324±0.64μg/g extract); within the flavonoids amentoflavone was detected as the main constituent (927±0.35μg/g extract). The extract exhibited good antioxidant properties, as determined by different in vitro models: DPPH test (IC(50) 0.38±0.02mg/mL), reducing power (12.63±0.14ASE/mL), Fe(2+) chelating ability (IC(50) 2.26±0.06mg/mL), and TBA test (IC(50) 2.47±1.13μg/mL). Cytotoxicity against Artemia salina was highlighted (LC(50) 489.47±27.8μg/mL), and a significant decrease (p⩽0.05; p⩽0.01) in HepG2 cells viability was observed at the higher concentrations (5-10μg/mL). The extract displayed good antibacterial activity towards Gram-positive bacteria and in particular Staphylococcus aureus was the most susceptible strain (MIC 78.12μg/mL).
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Affiliation(s)
- N Miceli
- Pharmaco-Biological Department, University of Messina, Vill. SS. Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy.
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Melchini A, Catania S, Stancanelli R, Tommasini S, Costa C. Interaction of a functionalized complex of the flavonoid hesperetin with the AhR pathway and CYP1A1 expression: involvement in its protective effects against benzo[a]pyrene-induced oxidative stress in human skin. Cell Biol Toxicol 2011; 27:371-9. [PMID: 21720915 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-011-9194-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2011] [Accepted: 06/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Skin cancer pathogenesis is partially associated to the oxidative stress conditions induced by environmentally carcinogens such as benzo[a]pyrene (BaP). The protective effects against BaP-induced oxidative stress of the flavonoid hesperetin as a complex with the 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HE/HP-β-CyD) have been evaluated using an ex vivo human skin model. Human healthy skin has been pre-treated with the functionalized complex HE/HP-β-CyD (0.5-50 μM) before BaP (5 μM) application simulating occupational and environmental exposure. Oxidative stress was evaluated in terms of 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-dipheyltetrazolium bromide reduction, protein peroxidation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation. Additionally, it has been investigated whether the potential protective effects of HE/HP-β-CyD may be correlated to the interaction with aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) pathway. A significant protection by HE/HP-β-CyD against the BaP-induced increase in ROS and carbonyl compound production, as well as reduction in tissue viability, has been observed (p<0.001). Results obtained showed that HE/HP-β-CyD was also able to reduce BaP-induced AhR and CYP1A1 protein expression (p<0.001). Experimental evidences provided from this study suggest significant preventive properties of HE/HP-β-CyD in the toxicity caused by environmental carcinogens such as PAHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonietta Melchini
- Foundation Prof. Antonio Imbesi, Pharmaco-Biological Department, School of Pharmacy, University of Messina, Vill. SS. Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy.
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Melchini A, Costa C, Catania S, Miceli N, Taviano MF, Maimone P, Francisco M, Mithen R, Traka M. Abstract B65: Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21 is a crucial molecular target for the potential antitumor efficacy of the dietary isothiocyanate erucin against prostate cancer. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2010. [DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.prev-10-b65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
It is becoming increasingly clear that many dietary agents, such as isothiocyanates (ITCs) from cruciferous vegetables, can retard or prevent the process of prostate carcinogenesis by multiple mechanisms [1, 2]. Erucin (ER) is a dietary isothiocyanate present in cruciferous vegetables, which has been recently considered a new promising cancer chemopreventive phytochemical [2]. In this study, the potential protective activity of ER against prostate cancer was investigated using two different human prostatic cell lines, normal prostate epithelium (PNT1A) and prostate adenocarcinoma cells (PC3), in order to analyze its effects on molecular pathways involved in cell growth regulation, such as the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDKs) inhibitor p21WAF1/CIP1 (p21) pathway [3]. We have shown for the first time that the isothiocyanate ER may up-regulate significantly p21 protein expression in a dose-dependent manner to inhibit the proliferation of human adenocarcinoma prostate PC3 cells. Compared to the structurally related sulforaphane (SF), a well-studied broccoli-derived ITC, the isothiocyanate ER showed lower potency in inhibiting proliferation of PC3 cells, as well as in modulating p21 protein expression. Several studies have showed that the tumor suppressor protein p53 plays a key role in cellular response to DNA damage leading to apoptosis in case of unrepaired DNA damage, or indirectly to the block of cell cycle progression by transactivating p21 [4]. Because PC3 cells do not express functional p53, our data suggest that the up-regulation of p21 by ER occurs through a p53-independent pathway. Moreover, our results showed that ER and SF did not affect p21 protein levels in normal prostate epithelium PNT1A cells at all concentrations tested (0-25 µM). These preliminary data demonstrate that the above structurally related ITCs exert a specific action on oncogenic signaling pathways, such as p53/p21 pathways, that could explain the stronger cytotoxicity observed in cancer cells compared to non malignant cells. Although these dietary bioactive compounds have exhibited selectivity for oncogenically transformed cell lines, ITCs selectivity is an area of great interest that warrants further investigation.
References:
1. Traka M.H, Spinks C.A., Doleman J.F., Melchini A., Ball R.Y., Mills R.D., Mithen RF. Molecular cancer 2010, 9, 189.
2. Traka M., Gasper A.V., Melchini A., Bacon J.R., Needs P.W., Frost V., Chantry A., Jones A.M., Ortori C.A., Barrett D.A., Ball R.Y., Mills R.D., Mithen R.F. PLoS One. 2008, 3, e2568.
3. Melchini A., Costa C., Traka M., Miceli N., Mithen R., De Pasquale R., Trovato A. Food Chem Toxicol 2009, 47, 1430-1436.
4. Zhang W., Geiman D.E., Shields J.M., Dang D.T., Mahatan C.S. J Biol Chem 2000, 275, 18391-18398.
Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2010;3(12 Suppl):B65.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chiara Costa
- 2Interdepartmental Centre of Experimental, Environmental and Occupational Toxicology (CITSAL), University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Stefania Catania
- 2Interdepartmental Centre of Experimental, Environmental and Occupational Toxicology (CITSAL), University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Natalizia Miceli
- 3Pharmaco-Biological Department, School of Pharmacy, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Maria Fernanda Taviano
- 3Pharmaco-Biological Department, School of Pharmacy, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Patrizia Maimone
- 3Pharmaco-Biological Department, School of Pharmacy, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | | | | | - Maria Traka
- 1Institute of Food Research, Norwich, United Kingdom
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Traka MH, Spinks CA, Doleman JF, Melchini A, Ball RY, Mills RD, Mithen RF. The dietary isothiocyanate sulforaphane modulates gene expression and alternative gene splicing in a PTEN null preclinical murine model of prostate cancer. Mol Cancer 2010; 9:189. [PMID: 20626841 PMCID: PMC3098008 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-9-189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2010] [Accepted: 07/13/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dietary or therapeutic interventions to counteract the loss of PTEN expression could contribute to the prevention of prostate carcinogenesis or reduce the rate of cancer progression. In this study, we investigate the interaction between sulforaphane, a dietary isothiocyanate derived from broccoli, PTEN expression and gene expression in pre malignant prostate tissue. Results We initially describe heterogeneity in expression of PTEN in non-malignant prostate tissue of men deemed to be at risk of prostate cancer. We subsequently use the mouse prostate-specific PTEN deletion model, to show that sulforaphane suppresses transcriptional changes induced by PTEN deletion and induces additional changes in gene expression associated with cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in PTEN null tissue, but has no effect on transcription in wild type tissue. Comparative analyses of changes in gene expression in mouse and human prostate tissue indicate that similar changes can be induced in humans with a broccoli-rich diet. Global analyses of exon expression demonstrated that sulforaphane interacts with PTEN deletion to modulate alternative gene splicing, illustrated through a more detailed analysis of DMBT1 splicing. Conclusion To our knowledge, this is the first report of how diet may perturb changes in transcription induced by PTEN deletion, and the effects of diet on global patterns of alternative gene splicing. The study exemplifies the complex interaction between diet, genotype and gene expression, and the multiple modes of action of small bioactive dietary components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria H Traka
- Plant Natural Products and Health Programme, Institute of Food Research, Norwich, NR4 7UA, UK
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Bonvissuto G, Melchini A, Di Pasquale R, Minutoli L, Altavilla D, Squadrito F, Costa C, Madonia M, Cimino S, Lazzara A, Castelli T, Favilla V, Morgia G. 1472 EVALUATION OF EXTRA CELLULAR SIGNAL-REGULATED KINASES 1/2 (ERK 1/2), EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTOR (EGFR) AND P53 PROTEIN AS BIOMARKERS OF CANCER PROGRESSION IN BLADDER CANCER TUMOURS. J Urol 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2010.02.1187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Melchini A, Costa C, Traka M, Miceli N, Mithen R, De Pasquale R, Trovato A. Erucin, a new promising cancer chemopreventive agent from rocket salads, shows anti-proliferative activity on human lung carcinoma A549 cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2009; 47:1430-6. [PMID: 19328833 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2009.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2008] [Revised: 02/16/2009] [Accepted: 03/20/2009] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Erucin (ER) is a dietary isothiocyanate present in cruciferous vegetables, such as rocket salads (Erucasativa Mill., Diplotaxis sp.), that has been recently considered a promising cancer chemopreventive phytochemical. Biological activity of ER was investigated on human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells, analyzing its effects on molecular pathways involved in apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, such as PARP-1 cleavage, p53 and p21 protein expression. Our results show that ER affects the A549 cell proliferation, enhancing significantly p53 and p21 protein expression in a dose-dependent manner (p<0.001). PARP-1 cleavage occurs only after exposure to high concentrations of ER (50 microM), in accordance to previous studies showing similar bioactivity of other isothiocyanates (ITCs). Our study reports for the first time that the induction of p53, p21 and PARP-1 cleavage may participate in the anti-proliferative activity of ER in human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells. Comparison of data with those obtained with the isothiocyanate sulforaphane (SF), structurally related to ER, underlines the strong relationship between structural analogy of ITCs and their biological activity. The ability of dietary compounds to modulate molecular mechanisms that affect cancer cell proliferation is certainly a key point of the cancer prevention potential by functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Melchini
- Dip. Farmaco-Biologico, Facoltà di Farmacia, Università di Messina, Villaggio Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy.
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Traka M, Gasper AV, Melchini A, Bacon JR, Needs PW, Frost V, Chantry A, Jones AME, Ortori CA, Barrett DA, Ball RY, Mills RD, Mithen RF. Broccoli consumption interacts with GSTM1 to perturb oncogenic signalling pathways in the prostate. PLoS One 2008; 3:e2568. [PMID: 18596959 PMCID: PMC2430620 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0002568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2008] [Accepted: 05/19/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological studies suggest that people who consume more than one portion of cruciferous vegetables per week are at lower risk of both the incidence of prostate cancer and of developing aggressive prostate cancer but there is little understanding of the underlying mechanisms. In this study, we quantify and interpret changes in global gene expression patterns in the human prostate gland before, during and after a 12 month broccoli-rich diet. METHODS AND FINDINGS Volunteers were randomly assigned to either a broccoli-rich or a pea-rich diet. After six months there were no differences in gene expression between glutathione S-transferase mu 1 (GSTM1) positive and null individuals on the pea-rich diet but significant differences between GSTM1 genotypes on the broccoli-rich diet, associated with transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFbeta1) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) signalling pathways. Comparison of biopsies obtained pre and post intervention revealed more changes in gene expression occurred in individuals on a broccoli-rich diet than in those on a pea-rich diet. While there were changes in androgen signalling, regardless of diet, men on the broccoli diet had additional changes to mRNA processing, and TGFbeta1, EGF and insulin signalling. We also provide evidence that sulforaphane (the isothiocyanate derived from 4-methylsuphinylbutyl glucosinolate that accumulates in broccoli) chemically interacts with TGFbeta1, EGF and insulin peptides to form thioureas, and enhances TGFbeta1/Smad-mediated transcription. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that consuming broccoli interacts with GSTM1 genotype to result in complex changes to signalling pathways associated with inflammation and carcinogenesis in the prostate. We propose that these changes may be mediated through the chemical interaction of isothiocyanates with signalling peptides in the plasma. This study provides, for the first time, experimental evidence obtained in humans to support observational studies that diets rich in cruciferous vegetables may reduce the risk of prostate cancer and other chronic disease. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00535977.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Traka
- Phytochemicals and Health Programme, Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Amy V. Gasper
- Phytochemicals and Health Programme, Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Antonietta Melchini
- Phytochemicals and Health Programme, Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
- Department Farmaco-Biologico, School of Pharmacy, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - James R. Bacon
- Phytochemicals and Health Programme, Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Paul W. Needs
- Phytochemicals and Health Programme, Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Victoria Frost
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Chantry
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | | | - Catharine A. Ortori
- Centre for Analytical Bioscience, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - David A. Barrett
- Centre for Analytical Bioscience, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Y. Ball
- Department of Histopathology/Cytopathology, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Robert D. Mills
- Department of Histopathology/Cytopathology, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Richard F. Mithen
- Phytochemicals and Health Programme, Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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