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Byrne JD, Young CC, Chu JN, Pursley J, Chen MX, Wentworth AJ, Feng A, Kirtane AR, Remillard KA, Hancox CI, Bhagwat MS, Machado N, Hua T, Tamang SM, Collins JE, Ishida K, Hayward A, Becker SL, Edgington SK, Schoenfeld JD, Jeck WR, Hur C, Traverso G. Personalized Radiation Attenuating Materials for Gastrointestinal Mucosal Protection. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2021; 8:2100510. [PMID: 34194950 PMCID: PMC8224439 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202100510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Cancer patients undergoing therapeutic radiation routinely develop injury of the adjacent gastrointestinal (GI) tract mucosa due to treatment. To reduce radiation dose to critical GI structures including the rectum and oral mucosa, 3D-printed GI radioprotective devices composed of high-Z materials are generated from patient CT scans. In a radiation proctitis rat model, a significant reduction in crypt injury is demonstrated with the device compared to without (p < 0.0087). Optimal device placement for radiation attenuation is further confirmed in a swine model. Dosimetric modeling in oral cavity cancer patients demonstrates a 30% radiation dose reduction to the normal buccal mucosa and a 15.2% dose reduction in the rectum for prostate cancer patients with the radioprotectant material in place compared to without. Finally, it is found that the rectal radioprotectant device is more cost-effective compared to a hydrogel rectal spacer. Taken together, these data suggest that personalized radioprotectant devices may be used to reduce GI tissue injury in cancer patients undergoing therapeutic radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- James D. Byrne
- Division of GastroenterologyBrigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical School75 Francis St.BostonMA02115USA
- Harvard Radiation Oncology Program55 Fruit StreetBostonMA02114USA
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer ResearchMassachusetts Institute of Technology500 Main St Building 76CambridgeMA02142USA
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of Technology77 Massachusetts AveCambridgeMA02139USA
- Department of Radiation OncologyDana‐Farber Cancer Institute/Brigham and Women's Hospital44 Binney St.BostonMA02115USA
| | - Cameron C. Young
- Division of GastroenterologyBrigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical School75 Francis St.BostonMA02115USA
| | - Jacqueline N. Chu
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer ResearchMassachusetts Institute of Technology500 Main St Building 76CambridgeMA02142USA
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of Technology77 Massachusetts AveCambridgeMA02139USA
- Division of GastroenterologyMassachusetts General Hospital55 Fruit St.BostonMA02114USA
| | - Jennifer Pursley
- Division of Medical PhysicsDepartment of Radiation OncologyMassachusetts General Hospital450 Brookline AvenueBostonMA02115USA
| | - Mu Xian Chen
- Division of GastroenterologyBrigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical School75 Francis St.BostonMA02115USA
| | - Adam J. Wentworth
- Division of GastroenterologyBrigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical School75 Francis St.BostonMA02115USA
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer ResearchMassachusetts Institute of Technology500 Main St Building 76CambridgeMA02142USA
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of Technology77 Massachusetts AveCambridgeMA02139USA
| | - Annie Feng
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer ResearchMassachusetts Institute of Technology500 Main St Building 76CambridgeMA02142USA
| | - Ameya R. Kirtane
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer ResearchMassachusetts Institute of Technology500 Main St Building 76CambridgeMA02142USA
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of Technology77 Massachusetts AveCambridgeMA02139USA
| | - Kyla A. Remillard
- Division of Medical PhysicsDepartment of Radiation OncologyMassachusetts General Hospital450 Brookline AvenueBostonMA02115USA
| | - Cindy I. Hancox
- Department of Radiation OncologyDana‐Farber Cancer Institute/Brigham and Women's Hospital44 Binney St.BostonMA02115USA
| | - Mandar S. Bhagwat
- Division of Medical PhysicsDepartment of Radiation OncologyMassachusetts General Hospital450 Brookline AvenueBostonMA02115USA
| | - Nicole Machado
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer ResearchMassachusetts Institute of Technology500 Main St Building 76CambridgeMA02142USA
| | - Tiffany Hua
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer ResearchMassachusetts Institute of Technology500 Main St Building 76CambridgeMA02142USA
| | - Siddartha M. Tamang
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer ResearchMassachusetts Institute of Technology500 Main St Building 76CambridgeMA02142USA
| | - Joy E. Collins
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer ResearchMassachusetts Institute of Technology500 Main St Building 76CambridgeMA02142USA
| | - Keiko Ishida
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer ResearchMassachusetts Institute of Technology500 Main St Building 76CambridgeMA02142USA
| | - Alison Hayward
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer ResearchMassachusetts Institute of Technology500 Main St Building 76CambridgeMA02142USA
- Division of Comparative MedicineMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyBuilding 16‐825, 77 Massachusetts AveCambridgeMA02139USA
| | - Sarah L. Becker
- Division of GastroenterologyBrigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical School75 Francis St.BostonMA02115USA
| | - Samantha K. Edgington
- Division of Medical PhysicsDepartment of Radiation OncologyMassachusetts General Hospital450 Brookline AvenueBostonMA02115USA
| | - Jonathan D. Schoenfeld
- Department of Radiation OncologyDana‐Farber Cancer Institute/Brigham and Women's Hospital44 Binney St.BostonMA02115USA
| | | | - Chin Hur
- Department of MedicineColumbia University Medical Center622 West 168th Street, PH 9‐105New YorkNY10032USA
- Department of EpidemiologyMailman School of Public Health and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer CenterColumbia University Medical Center722 West 168th St.New YorkNY10032USA
| | - Giovanni Traverso
- Division of GastroenterologyBrigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical School75 Francis St.BostonMA02115USA
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of Technology77 Massachusetts AveCambridgeMA02139USA
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2
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Ding Y, Lee M, Gao Y, Bu P, Coarfa C, Miles B, Sreekumar A, Creighton CJ, Ayala G. Neuropeptide Y nerve paracrine regulation of prostate cancer oncogenesis and therapy resistance. Prostate 2021; 81:58-71. [PMID: 33022812 PMCID: PMC7756863 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nerves are key factors in prostate cancer (PCa) progression. Here, we propose that neuropeptide Y (NPY) nerves are key regulators of cancer-nerve interaction. METHODS We used in vitro models for NPY inhibition studies and subsequent metabolomics, apoptotic and migration assays, and nuclear transcription factor-κB (NF-κB) translocation studies. Human naïve and radiated PCa tissues were used for NPY nerve density biomarker studies. Tissues derived from a Botox denervation clinical trial were used to corroborate metabolomic changes in humans. RESULTS Cancer cells increase NPY positive nerves in vitro and in preneoplastic human tissues. NPY-specific inhibition resulted in increased cancer apoptosis, decreased motility, and energetic metabolic pathway changes. A comparison of metabolomic response in NPY-inhibited cells with the transcriptome response in human PCa patients treated with Botox showed shared 13 pathways, including the tricarboxylic acid cycle. We identified that NF-κB is a potential NPY downstream mediator. Using in vitro models and tissues derived from a previous human chemical denervation study, we show that Botox specifically, but not exclusively, inhibits NPY in cancer. Quantification of NPY nerves is independently predictive of PCa-specific death. Finally, NPY nerves might be involved in radiation therapy (RT) resistance, as radiation-induced apoptosis is reduced when PCa cells are cocultured with dorsal root ganglia/nerves and NPY positive nerves are increased in prostates of patients that failed RT. CONCLUSION These data suggest that targeting the NPY neural microenvironment may represent a therapeutic approach for the treatment of PCa and resistance through the regulation of multiple oncogenic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ding
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, McGovern School of MedicineUniversity of Texas Health Sciences Center Medical SchoolHoustonTexasUSA
| | - MinJae Lee
- Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Research Design (BERD) Core, Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Texas Health Sciences Center Medical SchoolHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Yan Gao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, McGovern School of MedicineUniversity of Texas Health Sciences Center Medical SchoolHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Ping Bu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, McGovern School of MedicineUniversity of Texas Health Sciences Center Medical SchoolHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Christian Coarfa
- Department of Molecular & Cell BiologyBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Brian Miles
- Department of UrologyThe Methodist HospitalHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Arun Sreekumar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, McGovern School of MedicineUniversity of Texas Health Sciences Center Medical SchoolHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Chad J. Creighton
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dan L. Duncan Cancer CenterBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Gustavo Ayala
- Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Research Design (BERD) Core, Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Texas Health Sciences Center Medical SchoolHoustonTexasUSA
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3
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Dong L, Zieren RC, Horie K, Kim C, Mallick E, Jing Y, Feng M, Kuczler MD, Green J, Amend SR, Witwer KW, de Reijke TM, Cho Y, Pienta KJ, Xue W. Comprehensive evaluation of methods for small extracellular vesicles separation from human plasma, urine and cell culture medium. J Extracell Vesicles 2020; 10:e12044. [PMID: 33489012 PMCID: PMC7810129 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the challenges that restricts the evolving extracellular vesicle (EV) research field is the lack of a consensus method for EV separation. This may also explain the diversity of the experimental results, as co-separated soluble proteins and lipoproteins may impede the interpretation of experimental findings. In this study, we comprehensively evaluated the EV yields and sample purities of three most popular EV separation methods, ultracentrifugation, precipitation and size exclusion chromatography combined with ultrafiltration, along with a microfluidic tangential flow filtration device, Exodisc, in three commonly used biological samples, cell culture medium, human urine and plasma. Single EV phenotyping and density-gradient ultracentrifugation were used to understand the proportion of true EVs in particle separations. Our findings suggest Exodisc has the best EV yield though it may co-separate contaminants when the non-EV particle levels are high in input materials. We found no 100% pure EV preparations due to the overlap of their size and density with many non-EV particles in biofluids. Precipitation has the lowest sample purity, regardless of sample type. The purities of the other techniques may vary in different sample types and are largely dependent on their working principles and the intrinsic composition of the input sample. Researchers should choose the proper separation method according to the sample type, downstream analysis and their working scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Dong
- The Brady Urological InstituteJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Department of Urology, Renji HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Richard C. Zieren
- The Brady Urological InstituteJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Department of Urology, Amsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Kengo Horie
- The Brady Urological InstituteJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Department of UrologyGifu University Graduate School of MedicineGifuJapan
| | - Chi‐Ju Kim
- The Brady Urological InstituteJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life SciencesUlsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST)UlsanRepublic of Korea
| | - Emily Mallick
- Department of Molecular and Comparative PathobiologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Yuezhou Jing
- The Brady Urological InstituteJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Mingxiao Feng
- The Brady Urological InstituteJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Morgan D. Kuczler
- The Brady Urological InstituteJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Jordan Green
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for NanoBioTechnology, and Translational Tissue Engineering CenterJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Sarah R. Amend
- The Brady Urological InstituteJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Kenneth W. Witwer
- Department of Molecular and Comparative PathobiologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Department of NeurologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Theo M. de Reijke
- Department of Urology, Amsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Yoon‐Kyoung Cho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life SciencesUlsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST)UlsanRepublic of Korea
- Center for Soft and Living MatterInstitute for Basic Science (IBS)UlsanRepublic of Korea
| | - Kenneth J. Pienta
- The Brady Urological InstituteJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Wei Xue
- Department of Urology, Renji HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
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Henrich SE, McMahon KM, Plebanek MP, Calvert AE, Feliciano TJ, Parrish S, Tavora F, Mega A, De Souza A, Carneiro BA, Thaxton CS. Prostate cancer extracellular vesicles mediate intercellular communication with bone marrow cells and promote metastasis in a cholesterol-dependent manner. J Extracell Vesicles 2020; 10:e12042. [PMID: 33408816 PMCID: PMC7775568 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary tumours can establish long-range communication with distant organs to transform them into fertile soil for circulating tumour cells to implant and proliferate, a process called pre-metastatic niche (PMN) formation. Tumour-derived extracellular vesicles (EV) are potent mediators of PMN formation due to their diverse complement of pro-malignant molecular cargo and their propensity to target specific cell types (Costa-Silva et al., 2015; Hoshino et al., 2015; Peinado et al., 2012; Peinado et al., 2017). While significant progress has been made to understand the mechanisms by which pro-metastatic EVs create tumour-favouring microenvironments at pre-metastatic organ sites, comparatively little attention has been paid to the factors intrinsic to recipient cells that may modify the extent to which pro-metastatic EV signalling is received and transduced. Here, we investigated the role of recipient cell cholesterol homeostasis in prostate cancer (PCa) EV-mediated signalling and metastasis. Using a bone metastatic model of enzalutamide-resistant PCa, we first characterized an axis of EV-mediated communication between PCa cells and bone marrow that is marked by in vitro and in vivo PCa EV uptake by bone marrow myeloid cells, activation of NF-κB signalling, enhanced osteoclast differentiation, and reduced myeloid thrombospondin-1 expression. We then employed a targeted, biomimetic approach to reduce myeloid cell cholesterol in vitro and in vivo prior to conditioning with PCa EVs. Reducing myeloid cell cholesterol prevented the uptake of PCa EVs by recipient myeloid cells, abolished NF-κB activity and osteoclast differentiation, stabilized thrombospondin-1 expression, and reduced metastatic burden by 77%. These results demonstrate that cholesterol homeostasis in bone marrow myeloid cells regulates pro-metastatic EV signalling and metastasis by acting as a gatekeeper for EV signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen E. Henrich
- Department of UrologyFeinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoIllinoisUSA
- Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnologyNorthwestern UniversityChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Kaylin M. McMahon
- Department of UrologyFeinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoIllinoisUSA
- Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnologyNorthwestern UniversityChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Michael P. Plebanek
- Department of UrologyFeinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoIllinoisUSA
- Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnologyNorthwestern UniversityChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Andrea E. Calvert
- Department of UrologyFeinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoIllinoisUSA
- Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnologyNorthwestern UniversityChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Timothy J. Feliciano
- Department of UrologyFeinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoIllinoisUSA
- Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnologyNorthwestern UniversityChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Samuel Parrish
- Department of UrologyFeinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Fabio Tavora
- Department of PathologyMessejana Heart and Lung HospitalFortalezaBrazil
| | - Anthony Mega
- Warren Alpert Medical SchoolBrown UniversityProvidenceRhode IslandUSA
- Lifespan Cancer InstituteProvidenceRhode IslandUSA
| | - Andre De Souza
- Warren Alpert Medical SchoolBrown UniversityProvidenceRhode IslandUSA
- Lifespan Cancer InstituteProvidenceRhode IslandUSA
| | - Benedito A. Carneiro
- Warren Alpert Medical SchoolBrown UniversityProvidenceRhode IslandUSA
- Lifespan Cancer InstituteProvidenceRhode IslandUSA
| | - C. Shad Thaxton
- Department of UrologyFeinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoIllinoisUSA
- Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnologyNorthwestern UniversityChicagoIllinoisUSA
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer CenterNorthwestern UniversityChicagoIllinoisUSA
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Pienta KJ, Hammarlund EU, Axelrod R, Brown JS, Amend SR. Poly-aneuploid cancer cells promote evolvability, generating lethal cancer. Evol Appl 2020; 13:1626-1634. [PMID: 32952609 PMCID: PMC7484876 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells utilize the forces of natural selection to evolve evolvability allowing a constant supply of heritable variation that permits a cancer species to evolutionary track changing hazards and opportunities. Over time, the dynamic tumor ecosystem is exposed to extreme, catastrophic changes in the conditions of the tumor-natural (e.g., loss of blood supply) or imposed (therapeutic). While the nature of these catastrophes may be varied or unique, their common property may be to doom the current cancer phenotype unless it evolves rapidly. Poly-aneuploid cancer cells (PACCs) may serve as efficient sources of heritable variation that allows cancer cells to evolve rapidly, speciate, evolutionarily track their environment, and most critically for patient outcome and survival, permit evolutionary rescue, therapy resistance, and metastasis. As a conditional evolutionary strategy, they permit the cancer cells to accelerate evolution under stress and slow down the generation of heritable variation when conditions are more favorable or when the cancer cells are closer to an evolutionary optimum. We hypothesize that they play a critical and outsized role in lethality by their increased capacity for invasion and motility, for enduring novel and stressful environments, and for generating heritable variation that can be dispensed to their 2N+ aneuploid progeny that make up the bulk of cancer cells within a tumor, providing population rescue in response to therapeutic stress. Targeting PACCs is essential to cancer therapy and patient cure-without the eradication of the resilient PACCs, cancer will recur in treated patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth J. Pienta
- The Brady Urological InstituteJohns Hopkins School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Emma U. Hammarlund
- Nordic Center for Earth EvolutionUniversity of Southern DenmarkOdenseDenmark
- Translational Cancer ResearchDepartment of Laboratory MedicineLund UniversityLundSweden
| | - Robert Axelrod
- Gerald R. Ford School of Public PolicyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA
| | - Joel S. Brown
- Cancer Biology and Evolution Program and Department of Integrated Mathematical OncologyMoffitt Cancer CenterTampaFLUSA
| | - Sarah R. Amend
- The Brady Urological InstituteJohns Hopkins School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
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Carleton NM, Zhu G, Miller MC, Davis C, Kulkarni P, Veltri RW. Characterization of RNA-Binding Motif 3 (RBM3) Protein Levels and Nuclear Architecture Changes in Aggressive and Recurrent Prostate Cancer. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2020; 3:e1237. [PMID: 32587951 PMCID: PMC7316183 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.1237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The RNA-binding motif protein 3 (RBM3) has been shown to be up-regulated in several types of cancer, including prostate cancer (PCa), compared to normal tissues. Increased RBM3 nuclear expression has been linked to improved clinical outcomes. Aims Given that RBM3 has been hypothesized to play a role in critical nuclear functions such as chromatin remodeling, DNA damage response, and other post-transcriptional processes, we sought to: (1) quantify RBM3 protein levels in archival PCa samples; (2) develop a nuclear morphometric model to determine if measures of RBM3 protein levels and nuclear features could be used to predict disease aggressiveness and biochemical recurrence. Methods & Results This study utilized two tissue microarrays (TMAs) stained for RBM3 that included 80 total cases of PCa stratified by Gleason score. A software-mediated image processing algorithm identified RBM3-positive cancerous nuclei in the TMA samples and calculated twenty-two features quantifying RBM3 expression and nuclear architecture. Multivariate logistic regression (MLR) modeling was performed to determine if RBM3 levels and nuclear structural changes could predict PCa aggressiveness and biochemical recurrence (BCR). Leave-one-out cross validation (LOOCV) was used to provide insight on how the predictive capabilities of the feature set might behave with respect to an independent patient cohort to address issues such as model overfitting. RBM3 expression was found to be significantly downregulated in highly aggressive GS ≥ 8 PCa samples compared to other Gleason scores (P < 0.0001) and significantly down-regulated in recurrent PCa samples compared to non-recurrent samples (P = 0.0377). An eleven-feature nuclear morphometric MLR model accurately identified aggressive PCa, yielding a receiver operating characteristic area under the curve (ROC-AUC) of 0.90 (P < 0.0001) in the raw data set and 0.77 (95% CI: 0.83-0.97) for LOOCV testing. The same eleven-feature model was then used to predict recurrence, yielding a ROC-AUC of 0.92 (P = 0.0004) in the raw data set and 0.76 (95% CI: 0.64-0.87) for LOOCV testing. Conclusions The RBM3 biomarker alone is a strong prognostic marker for the prediction of aggressive PCa and biochemical recurrence. Further, RBM3 appears to be down-regulated in aggressive and recurrent tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil M. Carleton
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Department of UrologyThe Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMaryland
| | - Guangjing Zhu
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Department of UrologyThe Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMaryland
| | | | - Christine Davis
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Department of UrologyThe Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMaryland
| | - Prakash Kulkarni
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics ResearchCity of HopeDuarteCalifornia
| | - Robert W. Veltri
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Department of UrologyThe Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMaryland
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Coode‐Bate J, Sivapalan T, Melchini A, Saha S, Needs PW, Dainty JR, Maicha J, Beasy G, Traka MH, Mills RD, Ball RY, Mithen RF. Accumulation of Dietary S-Methyl Cysteine Sulfoxide in Human Prostate Tissue. Mol Nutr Food Res 2019; 63:e1900461. [PMID: 31410992 PMCID: PMC6856681 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201900461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Observational studies have associated consumption of cruciferous vegetables with reduced risk of prostate cancer. This effect has been associated with the degradation products of glucosinolates-thioglycosides that accumulate within crucifers. The possible role of S-methyl cysteine sulfoxide, a metabolite that also accumulates in cruciferous vegetables, and its derivatives, in cancer prevention is relatively unexplored compared to glucosinolate derivatives. The hypothesis that consuming a broccoli soup results in the accumulation of sulfate (a SMCSO derivative) and other broccoli-derived metabolites in prostate tissue is tested. METHODS AND RESULTS Eighteen men scheduled for transperineal prostate biopsy were recruited into a 4-week parallel single blinded diet supplementation study (NCT02821728). Nine men supplemented their diet with three 300 mL portions of a broccoli soup each week for four weeks prior to surgery. Analyses of prostate biopsy tissues reveal no detectable levels of glucosinolates and derivatives. In contrast, SMCSO is detected in prostate tissues of the participants, with significantly higher levels in tissue of men in the supplementation arm. SMCSO was also found in blood and urine samples from a previous intervention study with the identical broccoli soup. CONCLUSION The consequences of SMCSO accumulation in prostate tissues and its potential role in prevention of prostate cancer remains to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Shikha Saha
- Quadram Institute BioscienceColney LaneNorwichNR4 7UQUK
| | - Paul W. Needs
- Quadram Institute BioscienceColney LaneNorwichNR4 7UQUK
| | | | | | - Gemma Beasy
- Quadram Institute BioscienceColney LaneNorwichNR4 7UQUK
| | | | - Robert D. Mills
- Department of UrologyNorfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustNorwichUK
| | - Richard Y. Ball
- Norfolk and Waveney Cellular Pathology ServiceNorfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustNorwichUK
| | - Richard F. Mithen
- Quadram Institute BioscienceColney LaneNorwichNR4 7UQUK
- The Liggins InstituteUniversity of AucklandNew Zealand
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8
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Krook MA, Bonneville R, Chen HZ, Reeser JW, Wing MR, Martin DM, Smith AM, Dao T, Samorodnitsky E, Paruchuri A, Miya J, Baker KR, Yu L, Timmers C, Dittmar K, Freud AG, Allenby P, Roychowdhury S. Tumor heterogeneity and acquired drug resistance in FGFR2-fusion-positive cholangiocarcinoma through rapid research autopsy. Cold Spring Harb Mol Case Stud 2019; 5:a004002. [PMID: 31371345 PMCID: PMC6672025 DOI: 10.1101/mcs.a004002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma is a highly aggressive and lethal malignancy, with limited treatment options available. Recently, FGFR inhibitors have been developed and utilized in FGFR-mutant cholangiocarcinoma; however, resistance often develops and the genomic determinants of resistance are not fully characterized. We completed whole-exome sequencing (WES) of 11 unique tumor samples obtained from a rapid research autopsy on a patient with FGFR-fusion-positive cholangiocarcinoma who initially responded to the pan-FGFR inhibitor, INCB054828. In vitro studies were carried out to characterize the novel FGFR alteration and secondary FGFR2 mutation identified. Multisite WES and analysis of tumor heterogeneity through subclonal inference identified four genetically distinct cancer cell populations, two of which were only observed after treatment. Additionally, WES revealed an FGFR2 N549H mutation hypothesized to confer resistance to the FGFR inhibitor INCB054828 in a single tumor sample. This hypothesis was corroborated with in vitro cell-based studies in which cells expressing FGFR2-CLIP1 fusion were sensitive to INCB054828 (IC50 value of 10.16 nM), whereas cells with the addition of the N549H mutation were resistant to INCB054828 (IC50 value of 1527.57 nM). Furthermore, the FGFR2 N549H secondary mutation displayed cross-resistance to other selective FGFR inhibitors, but remained sensitive to the nonselective inhibitor, ponatinib. Rapid research autopsy has the potential to provide unprecedented insights into the clonal evolution of cancer throughout the course of the disease. In this study, we demonstrate the emergence of a drug resistance mutation and characterize the evolution of tumor subclones within a cholangiocarcinoma disease course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie A Krook
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Russell Bonneville
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Hui-Zi Chen
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Julie W Reeser
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Michele R Wing
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Dorrelyn M Martin
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Amy M Smith
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Thuy Dao
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Eric Samorodnitsky
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Anoosha Paruchuri
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Jharna Miya
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Kaitlin R Baker
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Lianbo Yu
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Cynthia Timmers
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Kristin Dittmar
- Department of Radiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Aharon G Freud
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Patricia Allenby
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Sameek Roychowdhury
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
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9
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Abstract
Despite the high long-term survival in localized prostate cancer, metastatic prostate cancer remains largely incurable even after intensive multimodal therapy. The lethality of advanced disease is driven by the lack of therapeutic regimens capable of generating durable responses in the setting of extreme tumor heterogeneity on the genetic and cell biological levels. Here, we review available prostate cancer model systems, the prostate cancer genome atlas, cellular and functional heterogeneity in the tumor microenvironment, tumor-intrinsic and tumor-extrinsic mechanisms underlying therapeutic resistance, and technological advances focused on disease detection and management. These advances, along with an improved understanding of the adaptive responses to conventional cancer therapies, anti-androgen therapy, and immunotherapy, are catalyzing development of more effective therapeutic strategies for advanced disease. In particular, knowledge of the heterotypic interactions between and coevolution of cancer and host cells in the tumor microenvironment has illuminated novel therapeutic combinations with a strong potential for more durable therapeutic responses and eventual cures for advanced disease. Improved disease management will also benefit from artificial intelligence-based expert decision support systems for proper standard of care, prognostic determinant biomarkers to minimize overtreatment of localized disease, and new standards of care accelerated by next-generation adaptive clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guocan Wang
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Di Zhao
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Denise J Spring
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Ronald A DePinho
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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