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Szulzewsky F, Arora S, Arakaki AKS, Sievers P, Almiron Bonnin DA, Paddison PJ, Sahm F, Cimino PJ, Gujral TS, Holland EC. Both YAP1-MAML2 and constitutively active YAP1 drive the formation of tumors that resemble NF2 mutant meningiomas in mice. Genes Dev 2022; 36:gad.349876.122. [PMID: 36008139 PMCID: PMC9480855 DOI: 10.1101/gad.349876.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
YAP1 is a transcriptional coactivator regulated by the Hippo signaling pathway, including NF2. Meningiomas are the most common primary brain tumors; a large percentage exhibit heterozygous loss of chromosome 22 (harboring the NF2 gene) and functional inactivation of the remaining NF2 copy, implicating oncogenic YAP activity in these tumors. Recently, fusions between YAP1 and MAML2 have been identified in a subset of pediatric NF2 wild-type meningiomas. Here, we show that human YAP1-MAML2-positive meningiomas resemble NF2 mutant meningiomas by global and YAP-related gene expression signatures. We then show that expression of YAP1-MAML2 in mice induces tumors that resemble human YAP1 fusion-positive and NF2 mutant meningiomas by gene expression. We demonstrate that YAP1-MAML2 primarily functions by exerting TEAD-dependent YAP activity that is resistant to Hippo signaling. Treatment with YAP-TEAD inhibitors is sufficient to inhibit the viability of YAP1-MAML2-driven mouse tumors ex vivo. Finally, we show that expression of constitutively active YAP1 (S127/397A-YAP1) is sufficient to induce similar tumors, suggesting that the YAP component of the gene fusion is the critical driver of these tumors. In summary, our results implicate YAP1-MAML2 as a causal oncogenic driver and highlight TEAD-dependent YAP activity as an oncogenic driver in YAP1-MAML2 fusion meningioma as well as NF2 mutant meningioma in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Szulzewsky
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Sonali Arora
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Aleena K S Arakaki
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Philipp Sievers
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Patrick J Paddison
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Felix Sahm
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Patrick J Cimino
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
- Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Taranjit S Gujral
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Eric C Holland
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
- Seattle Translational Tumor Research Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
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Szulzewsky F, Arora S, Hoellerbauer P, King C, Nathan E, Chan M, Cimino PJ, Ozawa T, Kawauchi D, Pajtler KW, Gilbertson RJ, Paddison PJ, Vasioukhin V, Gujral TS, Holland EC. Comparison of tumor-associated YAP1 fusions identifies a recurrent set of functions critical for oncogenesis. Genes Dev 2020; 34:1051-1064. [PMID: 32675324 PMCID: PMC7397849 DOI: 10.1101/gad.338681.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
YAP1 is a transcriptional coactivator and the principal effector of the Hippo signaling pathway, which is causally implicated in human cancer. Several YAP1 gene fusions have been identified in various human cancers and identifying the essential components of this family of gene fusions has significant therapeutic value. Here, we show that the YAP1 gene fusions YAP1-MAMLD1, YAP1-FAM118B, YAP1-TFE3, and YAP1-SS18 are oncogenic in mice. Using reporter assays, RNA-seq, ChIP-seq, and loss-of-function mutations, we can show that all of these YAP1 fusion proteins exert TEAD-dependent YAP activity, while some also exert activity of the C'-terminal fusion partner. The YAP activity of the different YAP1 fusions is resistant to negative Hippo pathway regulation due to constitutive nuclear localization and resistance to degradation of the YAP1 fusion proteins. Genetic disruption of the TEAD-binding domain of these oncogenic YAP1 fusions is sufficient to inhibit tumor formation in vivo, while pharmacological inhibition of the YAP1-TEAD interaction inhibits the growth of YAP1 fusion-expressing cell lines in vitro. These results highlight TEAD-dependent YAP activity found in these gene fusions as critical for oncogenesis and implicate these YAP functions as potential therapeutic targets in YAP1 fusion-positive tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Szulzewsky
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Sonali Arora
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Pia Hoellerbauer
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Claire King
- Department of Oncology, Cambridge Cancer Center, Cambridge CB2 0RE, England
| | - Erica Nathan
- Department of Oncology, Cambridge Cancer Center, Cambridge CB2 0RE, England
| | - Marina Chan
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Patrick J Cimino
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98104, USA
| | - Tatsuya Ozawa
- Division of Brain Tumor Translational Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kawauchi
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kristian W Pajtler
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Patrick J Paddison
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Valeri Vasioukhin
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Taranjit S Gujral
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Eric C Holland
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
- Seattle Tumor Translational Research Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
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Krook MA, Bonneville R, Chen HZ, Reeser JW, Wing MR, Martin DM, Smith AM, Dao T, Samorodnitsky E, Paruchuri A, Miya J, Baker KR, Yu L, Timmers C, Dittmar K, Freud AG, Allenby P, Roychowdhury S. Tumor heterogeneity and acquired drug resistance in FGFR2-fusion-positive cholangiocarcinoma through rapid research autopsy. Cold Spring Harb Mol Case Stud 2019; 5:a004002. [PMID: 31371345 PMCID: PMC6672025 DOI: 10.1101/mcs.a004002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma is a highly aggressive and lethal malignancy, with limited treatment options available. Recently, FGFR inhibitors have been developed and utilized in FGFR-mutant cholangiocarcinoma; however, resistance often develops and the genomic determinants of resistance are not fully characterized. We completed whole-exome sequencing (WES) of 11 unique tumor samples obtained from a rapid research autopsy on a patient with FGFR-fusion-positive cholangiocarcinoma who initially responded to the pan-FGFR inhibitor, INCB054828. In vitro studies were carried out to characterize the novel FGFR alteration and secondary FGFR2 mutation identified. Multisite WES and analysis of tumor heterogeneity through subclonal inference identified four genetically distinct cancer cell populations, two of which were only observed after treatment. Additionally, WES revealed an FGFR2 N549H mutation hypothesized to confer resistance to the FGFR inhibitor INCB054828 in a single tumor sample. This hypothesis was corroborated with in vitro cell-based studies in which cells expressing FGFR2-CLIP1 fusion were sensitive to INCB054828 (IC50 value of 10.16 nM), whereas cells with the addition of the N549H mutation were resistant to INCB054828 (IC50 value of 1527.57 nM). Furthermore, the FGFR2 N549H secondary mutation displayed cross-resistance to other selective FGFR inhibitors, but remained sensitive to the nonselective inhibitor, ponatinib. Rapid research autopsy has the potential to provide unprecedented insights into the clonal evolution of cancer throughout the course of the disease. In this study, we demonstrate the emergence of a drug resistance mutation and characterize the evolution of tumor subclones within a cholangiocarcinoma disease course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie A Krook
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Russell Bonneville
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Hui-Zi Chen
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Julie W Reeser
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Michele R Wing
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Dorrelyn M Martin
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Amy M Smith
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Thuy Dao
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Eric Samorodnitsky
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Anoosha Paruchuri
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Jharna Miya
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Kaitlin R Baker
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Lianbo Yu
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Cynthia Timmers
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Kristin Dittmar
- Department of Radiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Aharon G Freud
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Patricia Allenby
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Sameek Roychowdhury
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
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