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CFD investigation of Schizochytrium sp. impeller configurations on cell growth and docosahexaenoic acid synthesis. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2016; 39:1297-304. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-016-1608-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/09/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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52
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Aasen IM, Ertesvåg H, Heggeset TMB, Liu B, Brautaset T, Vadstein O, Ellingsen TE. Thraustochytrids as production organisms for docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), squalene, and carotenoids. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:4309-21. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7498-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2016] [Revised: 03/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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53
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Zheng XJ, Jin KQ, Zhang L, Wang G, Liu YP. Effects of oxygen transfer coefficient on dihydroxyacetone production from crude glycerol. Braz J Microbiol 2016; 47:129-35. [PMID: 26887235 PMCID: PMC4822758 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjm.2015.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The principal objective of this study was to evaluate the kinetics of dihydroxyacetone production by Gluconobacter frateurii CGMCC 5397 under different oxygen volumetric mass transfer coefficient (kLa) conditions in submerged bioreactors using biodiesel-derived crude glycerol as the carbon source. kLa is a key fermentation parameter for the production of dihydroxyacetone. Cultivations were conducted in baffled- and unbaffled-flask cultures (the kLa values were 24.32 h−1 and 52.05 h−1, respectively) and fed-batch cultures (the kLa values were held at 18.21 h−1, 46.03 h−1, and 82.14 h−1) to achieve high dihydroxyacetone concentration and productivity. The results showed that a high kLa could dramatically increase dihydroxyacetone concentrations and productivities. The baffled-flask culture (with a kLa of 52.05 h−1) favored glycerol utilization and dihydroxyacetone production, and a dihydroxyacetone concentration as high as 131.16 g/L was achieved. When the kLa was set to 82.14 h−1 in the fed-batch culture, the dihydroxyacetone concentration, productivity and yield were 175.44 g/L, 7.96 g/L/h and 0.89 g/g, respectively, all of which were significantly higher than those in previous studies and will benefit dihydroxyacetone industrial production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Juan Zheng
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, PR China
| | - Kui-Qi Jin
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, PR China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, PR China
| | - Gang Wang
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, PR China
| | - Yu-Peng Liu
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, PR China.
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Sara M, Brar SK, Blais JF. Lipid production by Yarrowia lipolytica grown on biodiesel-derived crude glycerol: optimization of growth parameters and their effects on the fermentation efficiency. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra16382c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Yarrowia lipolytica, a well-known oleaginous strain for single cell oil (SCO) production was grown in nitrogen-limited flask cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdouli Sara
- Institut national de la recherche scientifique (Centre Eau, Terre et Environnement)
- Université du Québec
- Québec
- Canada
| | - Satinder Kaur Brar
- Institut national de la recherche scientifique (Centre Eau, Terre et Environnement)
- Université du Québec
- Québec
- Canada
| | - Jean François Blais
- Institut national de la recherche scientifique (Centre Eau, Terre et Environnement)
- Université du Québec
- Québec
- Canada
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55
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Abad S, Turon X. Biotechnological Production of Docosahexaenoic Acid Using Aurantiochytrium limacinum: Carbon Sources Comparison And Growth Characterization. Mar Drugs 2015; 13:7275-84. [PMID: 26690180 PMCID: PMC4699237 DOI: 10.3390/md13127064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aurantiochytrium limacinum, a marine heterotrophic protist/microalga has shown interesting yields of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) when cultured with different carbon sources: glucose, pure and crude glycerol. A complete study in a lab-scale fermenter allowed for the characterization and comparison of the growth kinetic parameters corresponding to each carbon source. Artificial Marine Medium (AMM) with glucose, pure and crude glycerol offered similar biomass yields. The net growth rates (0.10–0.12 h−1), biomass (0.7–0.8 g cells/g Substrate) and product (0.14–0.15 g DHA/g cells) yields, as well as DHA productivity were similar using the three carbon sources. Viable potential applications to valorize crude glycerol are envisioned to avoid an environmental problem due to the excess of byproduct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergi Abad
- Bioengineering Department, IQS, Ramon Llull University, Via Augusta 390, Barcelona 08017, Spain.
| | - Xavier Turon
- Bioengineering Department, IQS, Ramon Llull University, Via Augusta 390, Barcelona 08017, Spain.
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56
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Ye C, Qiao W, Yu X, Ji X, Huang H, Collier JL, Liu L. Reconstruction and analysis of the genome-scale metabolic model of schizochytrium limacinum SR21 for docosahexaenoic acid production. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:799. [PMID: 26475325 PMCID: PMC4609125 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-2042-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Schizochytrium limacinum SR21 is a potential industrial strain for docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) production that contains more than 30–40 % DHA among its total fatty acids. Methods To resolve the DHA biosynthesis mechanism and improve DHA production at a systematic level, a genomescale metabolic model (GSMM), named iCY1170_DHA, which contains 1769 reactions, 1659 metabolites, and 1170 genes, was reconstructed. Results Based on genome annotation results and literature reports, a new DHA synthesis pathway based on a polyketide synthase (PKS) system was detected in S. limacinum. Similarly to conventional fatty acid synthesis, the biosynthesis of DHA via PKS requires abundant acetyl-CoA and NADPH. The in silico addition of malate and citrate led to increases of 24.5 % and 37.1 % in DHA production, respectively. Moreover, based on the results predicted by the model, six amino acids were shown to improve DHA production by experiment. Finally, 30 genes were identified as potential targets for DHA over-production using a Minimization of Metabolic Adjustment algorithm. Conclusions The reconstructed GSMM, iCY1170_DHA, could be used to elucidate the mechanism by which DHA is synthesized in S. limacinum and predict the requirements of abundant acetyl-CoA and NADPH for DHA production as well as the enhanced yields achieved via supplementation with six amino acids, malate, and citrate. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-015-2042-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China. .,The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China.
| | - Weihua Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China. .,The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China.
| | - Xiaobin Yu
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China.
| | - Xiaojun Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China.
| | - He Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China.
| | - Jackie L Collier
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
| | - Liming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China. .,The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China.
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57
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The roles of different salts and a novel osmotic pressure control strategy for improvement of DHA production by Schizochytrium sp. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2015; 38:2129-36. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-015-1452-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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58
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Mechanisms of fatty acid synthesis in marine fungus-like protists. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:8363-75. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-6920-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Revised: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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59
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Ling X, Guo J, Liu X, Zhang X, Wang N, Lu Y, Ng IS. Impact of carbon and nitrogen feeding strategy on high production of biomass and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) by Schizochytrium sp. LU310. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 184:139-147. [PMID: 25451778 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.09.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2014] [Revised: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
A new isolated Schizochytrium sp. LU310 from the mangrove forest of Wenzhou, China, was found as a high producing microalga of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). In this study, the significant improvements for DHA fermentation by the batch mode in the baffled flasks (i.e. higher oxygen supply) were achieved. By applied the nitrogen-feeding strategy in 1000 mL baffled flasks, the biomass, DHA concentration and DHA productivity were increased by 110.4%, 117.9% and 110.4%, respectively. Moreover, DHA concentration of 21.06 g/L was obtained by feeding 15 g/L of glucose intermittently, which was an increase of 41.25% over that of the batch mode. Finally, an innovative strategy was carried out by intermittent feeding carbon and simultaneously feeding nitrogen. The maximum DHA concentration and DHA productivity in the fed-batch cultivation reached to 24.74 g/L and 241.5 mg/L/h, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueping Ling
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, PR China
| | - Jing Guo
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, PR China
| | - Xiaoting Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, PR China
| | - Xia Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, PR China
| | - Nan Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, PR China
| | - Yinghua Lu
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, PR China
| | - I-Son Ng
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, PR China; Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan.
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60
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61
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Yu X, Dong T, Zheng Y, Miao C, Chen S. Investigations on cell disruption of oleaginous microorganisms: Hydrochloric acid digestion is an effective method for lipid extraction. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201400195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochen Yu
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering; Washington State University; Pullman WA USA
| | - Tao Dong
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering; Washington State University; Pullman WA USA
| | - Yubin Zheng
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering; Washington State University; Pullman WA USA
| | - Chao Miao
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering; Washington State University; Pullman WA USA
| | - Shulin Chen
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering; Washington State University; Pullman WA USA
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62
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Opportunities to enhance alternative sources of long-chainn-3 fatty acids within the diet. Proc Nutr Soc 2014; 73:376-84. [DOI: 10.1017/s0029665114000123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Health benefits or advocated health benefits of long-chain (LC)n-3 PUFA are better known by medical doctors as well as by consumers, so that consumption increases. In addition, the development of aquaculture requires more fishmeal and fish oil. Humanisation of care of companion animals is also associated with addition of LCn-3 PUFA in pet foods. The risk of the increased demand for LCn-3 PUFA is the excess harvesting of natural sources, especially of marine origin (oily fishes, krill). In order to improve sustainability, alternative sources of LCn-3 PUFA have been developed. These alternative sources are: (a) terrestrial plants naturally or genetically enriched in stearidonic acid (SDA), which bypasses the first limiting step of (i.e. ∆6 desaturase) of the biosynthesis of LCn-3 PUFA; (b) single-cell oils rich in LCn-3 PUFA (microalgae,Escherichia coli) and krill. Currently, plants rich in SDA are expensive, metabolic engineering is unfavourably accepted by consumers in many countries, cultivation of microalgae is very expensive even though their ability (for some of them) to synthesise biofuels could induce a decrease in industrial costs, and Antarctic krill harvest must be restricted. Thus, it is difficult to predict their real development in the future.
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63
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Sun L, Ren L, Zhuang X, Ji X, Yan J, Huang H. Differential effects of nutrient limitations on biochemical constituents and docosahexaenoic acid production of Schizochytrium sp. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 159:199-206. [PMID: 24657750 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.02.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Revised: 02/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Four nutrient limitation cultures, namely monosodium glutamate (MSG-L), phosphate (P-L), ammonium sulfate (NH4(+)-L) and double (D-L, MSG and P limitation) limited, were designed to study how cell growth and biochemical components of Schizochytrium sp. were affected by nutrient limitations. All limited conditions caused decrease in biomass especially MSG-L and D-L conditions. MSG-L condition attained the highest lipid yield of 30.73 g/l but the lowest protein content. P-L condition shortened the fermentation time and obtained the highest DHA productivity of 291 mg/lh. D-L condition was the most cost-effective fermentation condition which gained the highest input-output ratio. NH4(+)-L condition got the highest squalene and DHA content in lipids. Meanwhile, nitrogen limited conditions promoted the accumulation of neutral lipids. All limited conditions benefit the PUFAs accumulation in the neutral lipids. In addition, the existence of NH4(+) or the absence of MSG and phosphate reduced the unsaponifiable matters content in lipid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing University of Technology, No. 5 Xinmofan Road, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Lujing Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing University of Technology, No. 5 Xinmofan Road, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaoyan Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing University of Technology, No. 5 Xinmofan Road, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojun Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing University of Technology, No. 5 Xinmofan Road, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiacheng Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing University of Technology, No. 5 Xinmofan Road, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - He Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing University of Technology, No. 5 Xinmofan Road, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China.
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64
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Chang G, Wu J, Jiang C, Tian G, Wu Q, Chang M, Wang X. The relationship of oxygen uptake rate and k(L)a with rheological properties in high cell density cultivation of docosahexaenoic acid by Schizochytrium sp. S31. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 152:234-40. [PMID: 24292203 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Revised: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 11/01/2013] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Three independent cultures by fed batch strategy under different oxygen supply levels were investigated with Schizochytrium sp. S31 on glycerol in 50 L bioreactor. Three cultures all achieved high cell density cultivation (HCDC) with more than 100 g/L biomass density. However, the culture with middle oxygen supply level achieved the highest DHA concentration at 21.26 g/L. Dissolved oxygen (DO) limitation was commonly encountered in the present cultures, which was due to the dramatic decrease of kLa in high oxygen supply culture resulted from significantly increasing apparent viscosity of the broth. The rheological properties of the three cultures all exhibited shear-thinning behavior. The oxygen uptake rate (OUR) predominately influenced by kLa was suggested to replace DO as on-line control parameter for scale-up production of DHA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guifang Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Wilmar Biotechnology Research Development Center Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Juan Wu
- Wilmar Biotechnology Research Development Center Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Cuihong Jiang
- Wilmar Biotechnology Research Development Center Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Guiwei Tian
- Wilmar Biotechnology Research Development Center Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Qinghang Wu
- Wilmar Biotechnology Research Development Center Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Xingguo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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65
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Regulation of docosahexaenoic acid production by Schizochytrium sp.: effect of nitrogen addition. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2013; 37:865-72. [PMID: 24057920 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-013-1057-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) percentage in total fatty acids (TFAs) is an important index in DHA microbial production. In this study, the change of DHA percentage in response to fermentation stages and the strategies to increase DHA percentage were investigated. Two kinds of conventional nitrogen sources, monosodium glutamate (MSG) and ammonium sulfate (AS), were tested to regulate DHA synthesis. Results showed that MSG addition could accelerate the substrate consumption rate but inhibit lipid accumulation, while AS addition could increase DHA percentage in TFAs effectively but extend fermentation period slightly. Finally, the AS addition strategy was successfully applied in 7,000-L fermentor and DHA percentage in TFAs and DHA yield reached 46.06 % and 18.48 g/L, which was 19.54 and 17.41 % higher than that of no-addition strategy. This would provide guidance for the large-scale production of the other similar polyunsaturated fatty acid, and give insight into the nitrogen metabolism in oil-producing microorganisms.
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66
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Qu L, Ren LJ, Li J, Sun GN, Sun LN, Ji XJ, Nie ZK, Huang H. Biomass composition, lipid characterization, and metabolic profile analysis of the fed-batch fermentation process of two different docosahexanoic acid producing Schizochytrium sp. strains. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2013; 171:1865-76. [PMID: 24061873 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-013-0456-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Growth and fermentation characteristics, biomass composition, lipid characterization and metabolic profiling analysis of two different Schizochytrium sp. strains, the original strain and the industrial adaptive strain, were investigated in the fed-batch fermentation process. The final cell biomass, total lipids content, docosahexanoic acid (DHA) content and DHA productivity of the adaptive strain were much higher than those of the original strain. The metabolic distinctions which extensively existed between these two strains were revealed by the score plot of principal component analysis. In addition, potential biomarkers responsible for discriminating different strains were identified as myo-inositol, histidine, alanine, asparagine, cysteine, and oxalic acid. These findings provided new insights into the industrial strain screening and further improvement of DHA production by Schizochytrium sp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing University of Technology, No. 5 Xinmofan Road, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
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67
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Qu L, Ren LJ, Huang H. Scale-up of docosahexaenoic acid production in fed-batch fermentation by Schizochytrium sp. based on volumetric oxygen-transfer coefficient. Biochem Eng J 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2013.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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68
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Chang G, Gao N, Tian G, Wu Q, Chang M, Wang X. Improvement of docosahexaenoic acid production on glycerol by Schizochytrium sp. S31 with constantly high oxygen transfer coefficient. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013; 142:400-6. [PMID: 23747449 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.04.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Revised: 04/27/2013] [Accepted: 04/27/2013] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Volumetric mass transfer coefficient (kLa) is a key fermentation parameter for the production of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) from glycerol by Schizochytrium sp. S31. In order to elucidate the effects of kLa on the fermentations, both baffled and unbaffled flask cultures and fed-batch cultures were developed in present work. The results showed that high kLa could effectively increase the DHA concentration, DHA productivity and conversion yield (Yx/s, g/g). When kLa was set at 1802 ± 105 h(-1) in the fed-batch culture, DHA concentration was achieved at 28.93 g/L, DHA productivity at 301 mg/L/h and Yx/s at 0.44 ± 0.02 g/g, all of which were significantly higher than those in the previous similar studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guifang Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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69
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Li J, Ren LJ, Sun GN, Qu L, Huang H. Comparative metabolomics analysis of docosahexaenoic acid fermentation processes by Schizochytrium sp. under different oxygen availability conditions. OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2013; 17:269-81. [PMID: 23586678 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2012.0088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The intracellular metabolic profile characterization of Schizochytrium sp. throughout docosahexaenoic acid fermentation was investigated using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Metabolite profiles originating from Schizochytrium sp. under normal and limited oxygen supply conditions were distinctive and distinguished by principal components analysis (PCA). A total of more than 60 intracellular metabolites were detected and quantified with the levels of some metabolites involved in central carbon metabolism varying throughout both processes. Both fermentation processes were differentiated into three main phases by principal components analysis. Potential biomarkers responsible for distinguishing the different fermentation phases were identified as glutamic acid, proline, glycine, alanine, and glucose. In addition, alanine, glutamic acid, glucose, inositol, ornithine, and galactose were found to make great contribution for dry cell weight and fatty acid composition during normal and limited oxygen supply fermentations. Furthermore, significantly higher levels of succinate and several amino acids in cells of limited oxygen supply fermentation revealed that they might play important roles in resisting oxygen deficiency and increasing DHA synthesis during the lipid accumulation. These findings provide novel insights into the metabolomic characteristics during docosahexaenoic acid fermentation processes by Schizochytrium sp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing University of Technology Nanjing, China
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70
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Huang TY, Lu WC, Chu IM. A fermentation strategy for producing docosahexaenoic acid in Aurantiochytrium limacinum SR21 and increasing C22:6 proportions in total fatty acid. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2012; 123:8-14. [PMID: 22929740 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.07.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2012] [Revised: 07/18/2012] [Accepted: 07/19/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
During the fermentation process, dissolved oxygen values and carbon-to-nitrogen ratios are critical factors influencing DHA productivity. This study employed an intermittent oxygen feeding method to maintain a 50% dissolved oxygen level and produced a dissolved oxygen fluctuation environment to facilitate both Aurantiochytrium limacinum SR21 growth and lipid accumulation. Study results indicated that at a 1.25 C:N ratio and medium composition of 100gL(-1) glycerol, 40gL(-1) yeast extract, and 40gL(-1) peptone, A. limacinum SR21 achieved biomass at 61.76gL(-1), lipid content at 65.2%, DHA concentration at 20.3gL(-1), and DHA productivity at 122.62mgL(-1)h(-1), this result were better than most similar researches. Dissolved oxygen fluctuation environment also altered the fatty acid composition of A. limacinum SR21. In the late period of the fermentation process, C16:0 fatty acid ratios decreased significantly to below 5%, and C22:6 fatty acid ratios increased to 70%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Yen Huang
- Chemical Engineering Department, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC
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71
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Ren LJ, Feng Y, Li J, Qu L, Huang H. Impact of phosphate concentration on docosahexaenoic acid production and related enzyme activities in fermentation of Schizochytrium sp. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2012; 36:1177-83. [PMID: 23108442 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-012-0844-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2012] [Accepted: 09/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is an important and widely used infant food additive. In this study, the effects of phosphate concentration on lipid and especially DHA synthesis in the oleaginous fungi Schizochytrium sp. HX-308 have been investigated in batch cultures. The maximum DHA yield (8.9 g/L) and DHA productivity (148.3 mg/L h) in 0.1 g/L KH2PO4 concentration were higher than the DHA yield (6.2 g/L) and DHA productivity (86.1 mg/L h) in 4 g/L KH2PO4 concentration. Furthermore, differences in related enzyme activities (malic enzyme, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and NAD(+)-isocitrate dehydrogenase) between phosphate-sufficient and phosphate-limitation conditions were assayed. The results showed that the phosphate-limitation condition could maintain higher activities of malic enzyme and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in addition to lower activity of NAD(+)-isocitrate dehydrogenase. In addition, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase might be the main supplier of NADPH at the early stage of fermentation while malic enzyme might be the provider at the late stage. This information might explain the regulation mechanism of phosphate limitation for lipid production and be useful for further DHA production enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Jing Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing University of Technology, No. 5 Xinmofan Road, Nanjing, China
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72
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Abad S, Turon X. Valorization of biodiesel derived glycerol as a carbon source to obtain added-value metabolites: Focus on polyunsaturated fatty acids. Biotechnol Adv 2012; 30:733-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2012.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2011] [Revised: 12/20/2011] [Accepted: 01/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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73
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Ding Z, Ai L, Ouyang A, Ding M, Wang W, Wang B, Liu S, Gu Z, Zhang L, Shi G. A two-stage oxygen supply control strategy for enhancing milk-clotting enzyme production by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. Eur Food Res Technol 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-012-1723-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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