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Shaw A, Yu Q. Different personality factors drive work and non-work creativity. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1078874. [PMID: 36777222 PMCID: PMC9909262 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1078874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This study examined whether creativity at work and outside of work had the same (or different) Big Five personality antecedents. Results revealed that although self-reported personal creativity outside of the workplace was related to the Openness to Experience trait only, supervisor-rated work creativity was associated with Openness, Extraversion, and Conscientiousness, and that after controlling for the effects of Extraversion and Conscientiousness, Openness did not contribute incremental validity in predicting work creativity, whereas when the impact of Openness was controlled for, Extraversion and Conscientiousness incrementally contributed to the prediction. Therefore, the study supported that while creativity was consistently driven by Openness across settings, the predictive effects of other traits (i.e., Extraversion and Conscientiousness) on creativity varied in work and non-work environments. Study limitations and implications for research and practices are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Shaw
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China,*Correspondence: Amy Shaw, ✉
| | - Qi Yu
- NUS Business School, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Welker C, Walker J, Boothby E, Gilovich T. Pessimistic assessments of ability in informal conversation. JOURNAL OF APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1111/jasp.12957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Welker
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences Dartmouth College Hanover New Hampshire USA
| | - Jesse Walker
- Department of Marketing and Logistics, Fisher College of Business The Ohio State University Columbus Ohio USA
| | - Erica Boothby
- Operations, Information, & Decisions Department, The Wharton School University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA
| | - Thomas Gilovich
- Department of Psychology Cornell University Ithaca New York USA
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53
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De Los Reyes A, Wang M, Lerner MD, Makol BA, Fitzpatrick OM, Weisz JR. The Operations Triad Model and Youth Mental Health Assessments: Catalyzing a Paradigm Shift in Measurement Validation. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL FOR THE SOCIETY OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY, AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION, DIVISION 53 2023; 52:19-54. [PMID: 36040955 DOI: 10.1080/15374416.2022.2111684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Researchers strategically assess youth mental health by soliciting reports from multiple informants. Typically, these informants (e.g., parents, teachers, youth themselves) vary in the social contexts where they observe youth. Decades of research reveal that the most common data conditions produced with this approach consist of discrepancies across informants' reports (i.e., informant discrepancies). Researchers should arguably treat these informant discrepancies as domain-relevant information: data relevant to understanding youth mental health domains (e.g., anxiety, depression, aggression). Yet, historically, in youth mental health research as in many other research areas, one set of paradigms has guided interpretations of informant discrepancies: Converging Operations and the Multi-Trait Multi-Method Matrix (MTMM). These paradigms (a) emphasize shared or common variance observed in multivariate data, and (b) inspire research practices that treat unique variance (i.e., informant discrepancies) as measurement confounds, namely random error and/or rater biases. Several yearsw ago, the Operations Triad Model emerged to address a conceptual problem that Converging Operations does not address: Some informant discrepancies might reflect measurement confounds, whereas others reflect domain-relevant information. However, addressing this problem requires more than a conceptual paradigm shift beyond Converging Operations. This problem necessitates a paradigm shift in measurement validation. We advance a paradigm (Classifying Observations Necessitates Theory, Epistemology, and Testing [CONTEXT]) that addresses problems with using the MTMM in youth mental health research. CONTEXT optimizes measurement validity by guiding researchers to leverage (a) informants that produce domain-relevant informant discrepancies, (b) analytic procedures that retain domain-relevant informant discrepancies, and (c) study designs that facilitate detecting domain-relevant informant discrepancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andres De Los Reyes
- Comprehensive Assessment and Intervention Program, Department of Psychology, University of Maryland
| | - Mo Wang
- Department of Management, University of Florida
| | | | - Bridget A Makol
- Comprehensive Assessment and Intervention Program, Department of Psychology, University of Maryland
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Isch C, ten Thij M, Todd PM, Bollen J. Quantifying changes in societal optimism from online sentiment. Behav Res Methods 2023; 55:176-184. [PMID: 35318589 PMCID: PMC8939395 DOI: 10.3758/s13428-021-01785-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Individuals can hold contrasting views about distinct times: for example, dread over tomorrow's appointment and excitement about next summer's vacation. Yet, psychological measures of optimism often assess only one time point or ask participants to generalize about their future. Here, we address these limitations by developing the optimism curve, a measure of societal optimism that compares positivity toward different future times that was inspired by the Treasury bond yield curve. By performing sentiment analysis on over 3.5 million tweets that reference 23 future time points (2 days to 30 years), we measured how positivity differs across short-, medium-, and longer-term future references. We found a consistent negative association between positivity and the distance into the future referenced: From August 2017 to February 2020, the long-term future was discussed less positively than the short-term future. During the COVID-19 pandemic, this relationship inverted, indicating declining near-future- but stable distant-future-optimism. Our results demonstrate that individuals hold differentiated attitudes toward the near and distant future that shift in aggregate over time in response to external events. The optimism curve uniquely captures these shifting attitudes and may serve as a useful tool that can expand existing psychometric measures of optimism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calvin Isch
- Cognitive Science Program, Indiana University Bloomington, 1001 E. 10th St., Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
| | - Marijn ten Thij
- Center for Social and Biomedical Complexity, Indiana University Bloomington, 1015 E. 11th St., Bloomington, IN 47408 USA
- Delft Institute of Applied Mathematics, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 4, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands
- Department of Data Science and Knowledge Engineering, Maastricht University, Paul-Henri Spaaklaan 1, 6229 EN Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Peter M. Todd
- Cognitive Science Program, Indiana University Bloomington, 1001 E. 10th St., Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
| | - Johan Bollen
- Cognitive Science Program, Indiana University Bloomington, 1001 E. 10th St., Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
- Center for Social and Biomedical Complexity, Indiana University Bloomington, 1015 E. 11th St., Bloomington, IN 47408 USA
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Börsch-Supan A, Bucher-Koenen T, Hurd MD, Rohwedder S. Saving Regret and Procrastination. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC PSYCHOLOGY 2023; 94:102577. [PMID: 36875736 PMCID: PMC9979859 DOI: 10.1016/j.joep.2022.102577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
In countries, where a substantial proportion of retirement income rests on savings, there is much concern that a sizeable fraction of the population reaches retirement with insufficient financial resources. We define saving regret as the wish in hindsight to have saved more earlier in life. We measured saving regret and possible determinants in a survey of U.S. households in which respondents were aged 60-79. We find high levels of saving regret, affirmed by some 58%. Saving regret exhibits significant and plausible correlations with personal characteristics and wealth: Married, older, healthier and wealthier respondents are less likely to report saving regret, suggesting the measure's validity. We find only weak evidence for correlations between saving regret and measures of procrastination: persons with traits associated with procrastination express saving regret about as often as those without those traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Börsch-Supan
- Munich Center for the Economics of Aging at the Max Planck
Institute for Social Law and Social Policy, Munich, Germany
- Technical University of Munich, Germany
- National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass.,
USA
| | - Tabea Bucher-Koenen
- Munich Center for the Economics of Aging at the Max Planck
Institute for Social Law and Social Policy, Munich, Germany
- Leibniz-Zentrum für Europäische
Wirtschaftsforschung, Mannheim, Germany
- University of Mannheim, Germany
| | - Michael D. Hurd
- National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass.,
USA
- RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, California, USA
- NETSPAR, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Susann Rohwedder
- RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, California, USA
- NETSPAR, Tilburg, The Netherlands
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Quantitative research without measurement. Reinterpreting the better-than-average-effect. NEW IDEAS IN PSYCHOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.newideapsych.2022.100976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Andersen SAW, Frithioff A, von Buchwald JH, Sørensen MS, Frendø M. Am I doing this right? Structured self-assessment during simulation training of mastoidectomy improves cadaver dissection performance: a prospective educational study. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2023; 280:97-103. [PMID: 35612611 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-022-07454-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Temporal bone surgery requires excellent surgical skills and simulation-based training can aid novices' skills acquisition. However, simulation-based training is challenged by early stagnation of performance after few performances. Structured self-assessment during practice might enhance learning by inducing reflection and engagement in the learning task. In this study, structured self-assessment was introduced during virtual reality (VR) simulation of mastoidectomy to investigate the effects on subsequent performance during cadaveric dissection. METHODS A prospective educational study with comparison with historical controls (reference cohort). At a temporal bone dissection course, eighteen participants performed structured self-assessment during 3 h of VR simulation mastoidectomy training before proceeding to cadaver dissection (intervention cohort). At a previous course, eighteen participants received identical VR simulation training but without the structured self-assessment (reference cohort). Final products from VR simulation and cadaveric dissection were recorded and assessed by two blinded raters using a 19-point modified Welling Scale. RESULTS The intervention cohort completed fewer procedures (average 4.2) during VR simulation training than the reference cohort (average 5.7). Nevertheless, the intervention cohort achieved a significantly higher average performance score both in VR simulation (11.1 points, 95% CI [10.6-11.5]) and subsequent cadaveric dissection (11.8 points, 95% CI [10.7-12.8]) compared with the reference cohort, who scored 9.1 points (95% CI [8.7-9.5]) during VR simulation and 5.8 points (95% CI [4.8-6.8]) during cadaveric dissection. CONCLUSIONS Structured self-assessment is a valuable learning support during self-directed VR simulation training of mastoidectomy and the positive effect on performance transfers to subsequent cadaveric dissection performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Arild Wuyts Andersen
- Copenhagen Hearing and Balance Center, Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark. .,Copenhagen Academy for Medical Education and Simulation (CAMES), Center for HR and Education, RegionH, Copenhagen, Denmark. .,Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Andreas Frithioff
- Copenhagen Hearing and Balance Center, Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Josefine Hastrup von Buchwald
- Copenhagen Hearing and Balance Center, Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mads Sølvsten Sørensen
- Copenhagen Hearing and Balance Center, Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martin Frendø
- Copenhagen Hearing and Balance Center, Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Copenhagen Academy for Medical Education and Simulation (CAMES), Center for HR and Education, RegionH, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Goldman JD, Angueira-Serrano E, Gonzalez JS, Pang C, Tait J, Edelman S. Survey Reveals Patient and Health Care Provider Experiences and Challenges With the Use of High Doses of Basal Insulin. Clin Diabetes 2022; 41:244-257. [PMID: 37092159 PMCID: PMC10115766 DOI: 10.2337/cd22-0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is a chronic, progressive disease, and its management results in a high emotional burden on patients. Eventually many patients require and can benefit from the use of insulin. This article reports results of a survey of patients and health care providers regarding their experiences of and challenges with the use of basal insulin. Health care providers can play a key role in helping people with type 2 diabetes overcome the challenges associated with the use of basal insulin, including connecting with their emotional needs and understanding the stressors associated with managing diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer D. Goldman
- Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Boston, MA
- Well Life Medical, Peabody, MA
| | | | | | | | | | - Steven Edelman
- University of California, San Diego, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Diego, CA
- Taking Control of Your Diabetes, La Jolla, CA
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Bowen CD, Summersill AR, Jensen JL, Brownell SE, Barnes ME. A Comparison of Online and In-Person Evolution Instruction That Includes Religious Cultural Competence. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY & BIOLOGY EDUCATION 2022; 23:e00067-22. [PMID: 36532227 PMCID: PMC9753654 DOI: 10.1128/jmbe.00067-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Evolution is one of the most important concepts in biology, but it is rejected by a substantial percentage of religious students due to a perceived conflict with their religious beliefs. The use of religious cultural competence in evolution education (ReCCEE) has been shown to effectively increase evolution acceptance among religious students during in-person instruction, but there is no research that we know of that indicates the effectiveness of these practices during online instruction. In this study, we explored the efficacy of online culturally competent practices for religious students on students' evolution understanding, evolution acceptance, and comfort learning evolution at a religious university. Before and after evolution instruction, we surveyed 178 students in online introductory biology courses and compared these student outcomes to 201 students in the same instructor's in-person introductory biology courses. We found that evolution acceptance and understanding increased in online classes with culturally competent practices, and these gains were similar to those observed in the in-person courses. Despite these similarities, we found that students were more comfortable learning evolution in person than online, but this difference was small. Our findings suggest that the use of culturally competent practices online can be as effective as their use for in-person instruction for improving students' attitudes toward evolution, but in-person instruction may be more effective for cultivating students' comfort while learning evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe D. Bowen
- Social Perceptions of Science Lab, Department of Biology, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, Tennessee, USA
| | - Alexa R. Summersill
- Social Perceptions of Science Lab, Department of Biology, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jamie L. Jensen
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
| | - Sara E. Brownell
- Research for Inclusive STEM Education Center, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - M. Elizabeth Barnes
- Social Perceptions of Science Lab, Department of Biology, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, Tennessee, USA
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Ng E, Teshima J, Tan A, Steinberg R, Zhu A, Giacobbe P. Senior Residents' Perceived Competence in Evidence-Based Treatments for Major Depressive Disorder. ACADEMIC PSYCHIATRY : THE JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF DIRECTORS OF PSYCHIATRIC RESIDENCY TRAINING AND THE ASSOCIATION FOR ACADEMIC PSYCHIATRY 2022; 46:692-700. [PMID: 35246813 DOI: 10.1007/s40596-022-01605-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The current study aims to assess the self-reported competence of graduating psychiatry residents in Canada to provide pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy for major depressive disorder as recommended in national practice guidelines. METHODS Canadian psychiatry residents who participated in an optional national review course to prepare for licensing were anonymously surveyed regarding their experience and competence in providing treatments recommended by the 2016 Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments guidelines. RESULTS The majority (89%, 130/146) reported competence in ≥ 5 medication monotherapies (e.g., selective serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, bupropion, mirtazapine) and ≥ 3 adjuncts (e.g., mirtazapine, second-generation antipsychotics). While 76% expressed interest in practicing multiple psychotherapeutic modalities, only 47% reported self-assessed competence in delivering multiple modalities. Only 42% reported pharmacological competence (≥ 5 monotherapies, ≥ 3 adjuncts) and competence in ≥ 2 psychotherapies. Only 9% reported competence in offering medication, psychotherapy, and electroconvulsive therapy. Less than two-thirds endorsed sufficient didactic teaching (58%) or supervision in pharmacotherapy (50%) for treatment-resistant depression. CONCLUSIONS Canadian psychiatry residents report competence in prescribing many first-line medications. However, only a minority report competence in prescribing medications and competence in psychotherapies and/or electroconvulsive therapy. Given known biases in assessments by self-report, real-world competence may be even lower. This study identifies gaps between national practice guidelines and the comfort of the emerging psychiatric workforce in delivering recommended treatments. These gaps in resident competence may lead to under-use of effective treatments for depression. Residency programs should consider how to improve resident competence in providing the full range of evidence-based treatments for depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enoch Ng
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | | | | | | | - Annie Zhu
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Bushuven S, Trifunovic-Koenig M, Bentele M, Bentele S, Strametz R, Klemm V, Raspe M. Self-Assessment and Learning Motivation in the Second Victim Phenomenon. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:16016. [PMID: 36498086 PMCID: PMC9736892 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192316016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The experience of a second victim phenomenon after an event plays a significant role in health care providers' well-being. Untreated; it may lead to severe harm to victims and their families; other patients; hospitals; and society due to impairment or even loss of highly specialised employees. In order to manage the phenomenon, lifelong learning is inevitable but depends on learning motivation to attend training. This motivation may be impaired by overconfidence effects (e.g., over-placement and overestimation) that may suggest no demand for education. The aim of this study was to examine the interdependency of learning motivation and overconfidence concerning second victim effects. METHODS We assessed 176 physicians about overconfidence and learning motivation combined with a knowledge test. The nationwide online study took place in early 2022 and addressed about 3000 German physicians of internal medicine. Statistics included analytical and qualitative methods. RESULTS Of 176 participants, 83 completed the assessment. Analysis showed the presence of two overconfidence effects and in-group biases (clinical tribalism). None of the effects correlated directly with learning motivation, but cluster analysis revealed three different learning types: highly motivated, competent, and confident "experts", motivated and overconfident "recruitables", and unmotivated and overconfident "unawares". Qualitative analysis revealed four main themes: "environmental factors", "emotionality", "violence and death", and "missing qualifications" contributing to the phenomenon. DISCUSSION We confirmed the presence of overconfidence in second victim management competencies in about 3% of all persons addressed. Further, we could detect the same three learning motivation patterns compared to preceding studies on learning motivation in other medical competencies like life support and infection control. These findings considering overconfidence effects may be helpful for safety managers, medical teachers, curriculum developers and supervisors to create preventive educational curricula on second victim recognition and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Bushuven
- Institute for Infection Control and Infection Prevention, Hegau-Jugendwerk Gailingen, Health Care Association District of Constance, 78262 Gailingen, Germany
- Institute for Medical Education, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Milena Trifunovic-Koenig
- Institute for Infection Control and Infection Prevention, Hegau-Jugendwerk Gailingen, Health Care Association District of Constance, 78262 Gailingen, Germany
- Training Center for Emergency Medicine (NOTIS e.V.), 78234 Engen, Germany
| | - Michael Bentele
- Training Center for Emergency Medicine (NOTIS e.V.), 78234 Engen, Germany
- Institute for Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, Emergency Medicine and Pain Therapy, Hegau-Bodensee Hospital Singen, 78224 Singen, Germany
| | - Stefanie Bentele
- Training Center for Emergency Medicine (NOTIS e.V.), 78234 Engen, Germany
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University-Hospital Augsburg, University of Augsburg, 86156 Augsburg, Germany
| | - Reinhard Strametz
- Wiesbaden Business School, Rhein Main University of Applied Sciences, 65183 Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Victoria Klemm
- Wiesbaden Business School, Rhein Main University of Applied Sciences, 65183 Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Matthias Raspe
- Department of Internal Medicine, Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
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Crocker B, Feng O, Duncan LR. Performance-based Measurement of eHealth Literacy: A Systematic Scoping Review (Preprint). J Med Internet Res 2022. [DOI: 10.2196/44602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
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Pragmatic Uncontrolled Study of Specialized Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Adults With Chronic Tinnitus. Ear Hear 2022; 43:1893-1903. [PMID: 35470813 DOI: 10.1097/aud.0000000000001226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Tinnitus is the perception of sound without an external source, affecting quality of life that can cause severe distress in approximately 1 to 3% of the population of people with tinnitus. Randomized controlled trials of cognitive behavioral therapy for tinnitus have demonstrated its effectiveness in improving quality of life, but the effects of their implementation on a large scale in routine practice remains unknown. Therefore, the main purpose of this study was to examine the effects of stepped-care cognitive behavioral therapy for tinnitus delivered in a tertiary audiological center of a regional hospital. Second, we wished to examine predictors of favorable outcome. DESIGN Four hundred three adults with chronic tinnitus were enrolled in this prospective observational study (at 3 months, N=334, 8 months, N=261; 12 months, N=214). The primary outcome was health-related quality of life as measured by the Health Utilities Index III (HUI-III) at 12 months. Secondary outcomes were self-reported levels of tinnitus-related distress, disability, affective distress and tinnitus-related negative beliefs and fear. Measures were completed pre-intervention at 3 months, 8 months, and 12 months. Multilevel modeling was used to examine effects and their predictors. RESULTS Younger participants with lower levels of tinnitus distress were more likely to dropout while those with higher tinnitus distress at baseline and quality of life were more likely to receive step 2 of treatment. MLM analyses revealed, with one exception, no relation between any baseline variable and outcome change over time. Most participants' improvement exceeded minimally clinical important difference criteria for quality of life, tinnitus-related handicap, and tinnitus distress. CONCLUSIONS Results from this large pragmatic study complements those from randomized controlled trials of cognitive behavioral therapy for chronic tinnitus distress and supports its implementation under "real-world" conditions.
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Self-Referential Processing and Resting-State Functional MRI Connectivity of Cortical Midline Structures in Glioma Patients. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12111463. [DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12111463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Metacognition has only scarcely been investigated in brain tumor patients. It is unclear if and how the tumor-lesioned brain might be able to maintain an adequate sense-of-self. As cortical midline structures (CMS) are regarded as essential for self-referential mental activity, we investigated resting-state fMRI connectivity (FC) of CMS to the default-mode network (DMN) and to the whole brain, comparing glioma patients and matched controls. Subjects furthermore performed a trait judgement (TJ), a trait recall task (TR), and neuropsychological testing. In the TJ, adjectives had to be ascribed as self- or non-self-describing, assessing the self-serving effect (SSE), a normally observed bias for positive traits. In the TR, the mnemic neglect effect (MNE), a memory advantage for positive traits, was tested. The groups were compared and partial correlations between FC and test metrics were analyzed. Although patients were significantly impaired in terms of verbal memory, groups did not differ in the SSE or the MNE results, showing preserved metacognitive abilities in patients. FC of CMS to the DMN was maintained, but was significantly decreased to whole brain in the patients. FC of the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (DMPFC) to whole brain was correlated with the MNE in patients. Preserving the DMPFC in therapeutic interventions might be relevant for maintaining self-related verbal information processing in the memory domain in glioma patients.
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Probst T, Humer E, Jesser A, Pieh C. Attitudes of psychotherapists towards their own performance and the role of the social comparison group: The self-assessment bias in psychodynamic, humanistic, systemic, and behavioral therapists. Front Psychol 2022; 13:966947. [DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.966947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies report that psychotherapists overestimate their own performance (self-assessment bias). This study aimed to examine if the self-assessment bias in psychotherapists differs between therapeutic orientations and/or between social comparison groups. Psychotherapists gave subjective estimations of their professional performance (0–100 scale from poorest to best performance) compared to two social comparison groups (“all psychotherapists” vs. “psychotherapists with the same therapeutic approach”). They further rated the proportion of their patients recovering, improving, not changing, or deteriorating. In total, N = 229 Austrian psychotherapists (n = 39 psychodynamic, n = 121 humanistic, n = 48 systemic, n = 21 behavioral) participated in the online survey. Psychotherapists rated their own performance on average at M = 79.11 relative to “all psychotherapists” vs. at M = 77.76 relative to “psychotherapists with the same therapeutic approach” (p < 0.05). This was not significantly different between therapeutic orientations. A significant interaction between social comparison group and therapeutic orientation (p < 0.05) revealed a drop of self-assessement bias in social comparison group “same approach” vs. “all psychotherapists” in psychodynamic and humanistic therapists (p < 0.05). Psychotherapists overestimated the proportion of patients recovering (M = 44.76%), improving (M = 43.73%) and underestimated the proportion of patients not changing (M = 9.86%) and deteriorating (M = 1.64%), with no differences between orientations. The self-assessment bias did not differ between therapeutic orientations, but the social comparison group appears to be an important variable. A major drawback is that results have not been connected to patient-reported outcome or objectively rated performance parameters.
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Van Horn LT, Wright L, Arikawa AY, Sealey-Potts C, Hamadi H. Determinant factors associated with the use of evidence-based dietetics practice among registered dietitian nutritionists. Nutr Diet 2022. [PMID: 36193686 DOI: 10.1111/1747-0080.12771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS There is a lack of research assessing perceived and actual evidence-based dietetics practice knowledge among registered dietitian nutritionists. This cross-sectional research examined the association between determinant factors (i.e., education attainment) and objective knowledge (i.e., quiz items) of evidence-based dietetics practices. Other determinant factors associated with perceived knowledge and skill, attitudes, behaviours and outcomes related to evidence-based dietetics practice were also assessed. Perceived knowledge items were compared to objective knowledge items to evaluate the accuracy of self-assessed evidence-based dietetics practice knowledge among dietitians in the United States. METHODS A modified and adapted evidence-based practice survey was emailed to registered dietitian nutritionists in the United States via the Commission on Dietetic Registration database between November and December 2020. Analysis of variance assessed the relationship between highest degree held and actual knowledge of evidence-based dietetics practices. Multiple linear regression and ordinal logistic regression determined participant-level characteristics associated with survey subscales and survey items, respectively. Pearson's correlation coefficient evaluated the relationship between subjective and objective items. RESULTS Four hundred and eighty-two dietitians completed the survey. Each increase in degree type was associated with an increase in objective knowledge score (all comparisons p < 0.001). Other determinants included recency of degree completion and peer-reviewed publications. Moderate positive associations (r = 0.35, p < 0.001) were found between subjective and objective measures. CONCLUSION Graduate-level education, recency of degree completion and peer-reviewed publications were supportive of evidence-based dietetics practice-related outcomes. Future research should evaluate the efficacy of training, particularly among those further from their highest completed degree.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie Thompson Van Horn
- Brooks College of Health, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Lauri Wright
- Brooks College of Health, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Andrea Y Arikawa
- Brooks College of Health, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Claudia Sealey-Potts
- Brooks College of Health, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Hanadi Hamadi
- Brooks College of Health, Department of Health Administration, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
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Tan X, van Prooijen JW, van Lange PAM. Positive fortune telling enhances men’s financial risk taking. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0273233. [PMID: 36070296 PMCID: PMC9451074 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fortune telling is a widespread phenomenon, yet little is known about the extent to which people are affected by it—including those who consider themselves non-believers. The present research has investigated the power of a positive fortune telling outcome (vs. neutral vs. negative) on people’s financial risk taking. In two online experiments (n1 = 252; n2 = 441), we consistently found that positive fortune telling enhanced financial risk taking particularly among men. Additionally, we used a real online gambling game in a lab setting (n3 = 193) and found that positive fortune telling enhanced the likelihood that college students gambled for money. Furthermore, a meta-analysis of these three studies demonstrated that the effect of positive fortune telling versus neutral fortune telling was significant for men, but virtually absent for women. Thus, positive fortune telling can yield increased financial risk taking in men, but not (or less so) in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyue Tan
- Erasmus School of Philosophy, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, South Holland, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | - Jan-Willem van Prooijen
- Department of Experimental and Applied Psychology, VU Amsterdam, Amsterdam, North Holland, The Netherlands
- The Netherlands Institute for the Study of Crime and Law Enforcement (NSCR), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Criminal Law and Criminology, Maastricht University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paul A. M. van Lange
- Department of Experimental and Applied Psychology, VU Amsterdam, Amsterdam, North Holland, The Netherlands
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Hagiya H, Takase R, Sazumi Y, Nishimura Y, Honda H, Otsuka F. Gap between self-evaluation and actual hand hygiene compliance among health-care workers. J Infect Prev 2022; 23:239-242. [PMID: 36003134 PMCID: PMC9393601 DOI: 10.1177/17571774221094160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 09/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Hand hygiene (HH) compliance among health-care workers has not satisfactorily improved despite multiple educative approaches. Between October 2019 and February 2020, we performed a self-evaluation test and a direct observation for the compliance of the 5 Moments for Hand Hygiene program advocated by the World Health Organization at two Japanese hospitals. Average percentages of self-evaluated HH compliance were as follows: (i) 76.9% for "Before touching a patient," (ii) 85.8% for "Before clean/aseptic procedures," (iii) 95.9% for "After body fluid exposure/risk," (iv) 84.0% for "After touching a patient," and (v) 69.2% for "After touching patient surroundings." On the other hand, actual HH compliance was 11.7% for "Before touching a patient" and 18.0% for "After touching a patient or patient surroundings." The present study demonstrated a big gap between self-evaluation and actual HH compliance among nurses working at hospitals, indicating the need of further providing the education in infection prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideharu Hagiya
- Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine,
Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Takase
- Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine,
Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yosuke Sazumi
- Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine,
Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yoshito Nishimura
- Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine,
Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Honda
- Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine,
Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Fumio Otsuka
- Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine,
Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
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Iyamu J, Hodgson JC, Sharpe R. A narrative review of the late effects of paediatric cancer treatment within an educational setting: Existing evidence and where do we go from here? Chronic Illn 2022; 18:458-468. [PMID: 34569307 PMCID: PMC9397389 DOI: 10.1177/17423953211043113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The late effects of paediatric cancer treatment within an educational context are an area that is relatively under researched within the United Kingdom. METHODS To support this narrative review, systematic searches were conducted in key scientific databases between May and December 2020. RESULTS Upon reviewing literature within this field, there are key considerations that should be addressed to provide clear and concise findings. These key considerations include clarification on whether the research undertaken focuses on the late or long term effects of paediatric cancer treatment, taking a consistent approach to data analysis with the aim to improve the validity of the study findings, utilising a mixed methodology to gain further depth to the findings as well as increasing the number of studies that focus on a specific tumour type rather than numerous types to allow a detailed study to be undertaken into the potential late effects a treatment for a specific tumour may elicit. DISCUSSION If these key considerations are taken into account when conducting further research within this field, it would enable consistent findings to be utilised in providing the optimum educational provision for survivors of paediatric cancer who remain within the education system.
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Sexton JB, Adair KC, Proulx J, Profit J, Cui X, Bae J, Frankel A. Emotional Exhaustion Among US Health Care Workers Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic, 2019-2021. JAMA Netw Open 2022; 5:e2232748. [PMID: 36129705 PMCID: PMC9494188 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.32748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Extraordinary strain from COVID-19 has negatively impacted health care worker (HCW) well-being. OBJECTIVE To determine whether HCW emotional exhaustion has increased during the pandemic, for which roles, and at what point. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This survey study was conducted in 3 waves, with an electronic survey administered in September 2019, September 2020, and September 2021 through January 2022. Participants included hospital-based HCWs in clinical and nonclinical (eg, administrative support) roles at 76 community hospitals within 2 large health care systems in the US. EXPOSURES Safety, Communication, Organizational Reliability, Physician, and Employee Burnout and Engagement (SCORE) survey domains of emotional exhaustion and emotional exhaustion climate. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The percentage of respondents reporting emotional exhaustion (%EE) in themselves and a climate of emotional exhaustion (%EEclim) in their colleagues. Survey items were answered on a 5-point scale from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree); neutral or higher scores were counted as "percent concerning" for exhaustion. RESULTS Electronic surveys were returned by 37 187 (of 49 936) HCWs in 2019, 38 460 (of 45 268) in 2020, and 31 475 (of 41 224) in 2021 to 2022 for overall response rates of 74.5%, 85.0%, and 76.4%, respectively. The overall sample comprised 107 122 completed surveys. Nursing was the most frequently reported role (n = 43 918 [40.9%]). A total of 17 786 respondents (16.9%) reported less than 1 year at their facility, 59 226 (56.2%) reported 1 to 10 years, and 28 337 (26.9%) reported 11 years or more. From September 2019 to September 2021 through January 2022, overall %EE increased from 31.8% (95% CI, 30.0%-33.7%) to 40.4% (95% CI, 38.1%-42.8%), with a proportional increase in %EE of 26.9% (95% CI, 22.2%-31.8%). Physicians had a decrease in %EE from 31.8% (95% CI, 29.3%-34.5%) in 2019 to 28.3% (95% CI, 25.9%-31.0%) in 2020 but an increase during the second year of the pandemic to 37.8% (95% CI, 34.7%-41.3%). Nurses had an increase in %EE during the pandemic's first year, from 40.6% (95% CI, 38.4%-42.9%) in 2019 to 46.5% (95% CI, 44.0%-49.1%) in 2020 and increasing again during the second year of the pandemic to 49.2% (95% CI, 46.5%-51.9%). All other roles showed a similar pattern to nurses but at lower levels. Intraclass correlation coefficients revealed clustering of exhaustion within work settings across the 3 years, with coefficients of 0.15 to 0.17 for emotional exhaustion and 0.22 to 0.24 for emotional exhaustion climate, higher than the .10 coefficient typical of organizational climate (a medium effect for shared variance), suggestive of a social contagion effect of HCW exhaustion. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This large-scale survey study of HCWs spanning 3 years offers substantial evidence that emotional exhaustion trajectories varied by role but have increased overall and among most HCW roles since the onset of the pandemic. These results suggest that current HCW well-being resources and programs may be inadequate and even more difficult to use owing to lower workforce capacity and motivation to initiate and complete well-being interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Bryan Sexton
- Department of Psychiatry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
- Duke Center for Healthcare Safety and Quality, Duke University Health System, Durham, North Carolina
- Duke University Health System, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Kathryn C. Adair
- Duke Center for Healthcare Safety and Quality, Duke University Health System, Durham, North Carolina
- Duke University Health System, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Joshua Proulx
- Safe & Reliable Healthcare, LLC, Evergreen, Colorado
| | - Jochen Profit
- Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine and Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital, Palo Alto, California
- California Perinatal Quality Care Collaborative, Palo Alto, California
| | - Xin Cui
- Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine and Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital, Palo Alto, California
- California Perinatal Quality Care Collaborative, Palo Alto, California
| | - Jon Bae
- Duke Center for Healthcare Safety and Quality, Duke University Health System, Durham, North Carolina
- Duke University Health System, Durham, North Carolina
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Allan Frankel
- Safe & Reliable Healthcare, LLC, Evergreen, Colorado
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Polonioli A. Zero party data between hype and hope. Front Big Data 2022; 5:943372. [PMID: 36111177 PMCID: PMC9469730 DOI: 10.3389/fdata.2022.943372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Zero Party Data (ZPD) is a hot topic in the context of privacy-aware personalization, as the exponential growth of consumer data collected by retailers has made safeguarding data privacy a key priority. Articles arguing for the value of ZPD to improve personalization and engender consumer trust have appeared in the popular press, in business magazines as well as in academic journals. Advocates of ZDP argue that instead of inferring what customers want, retailers can simply ask them. Provided that the value exchange is clear, customers will willingly share data such as purchase intentions and preferences to improve personalization and help retailers create a picture of who they are. While the rise of ZPD is a welcome development, this paper takes issue with the claim that ZPD is necessarily accurate as it comes directly from the customer. This view is at odds with established conclusions from decades of research in the social and cognitive sciences, showing that self reports can be influenced by the instrument and that people have limited insight into the factors underlying their behavior. This paper argues that while ZDP disclosures are an important tool for retailers, it is critical to carefully understand their limitations as well. The paper also provides a catalog of biases for identifying potential problems in survey design to help practitioners collect more accurate data.
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Do personal traits of the leader predict differences in leader and subordinate evaluations of leader effectiveness: a study in the banking industry in Ethiopia. JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT DEVELOPMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.1108/jmd-04-2021-0098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PurposeThis study aims to examine whether the internal locus of control, self-esteem and leadership self-efficacy can predict differences in self–other rating agreement on leader effectiveness. First, the authors predicted that the greater the internal locus of a leader the more their self-rating will be in agreement with others' rating of them (1a). Second, the authors proposed that the greater the self-esteem of a leader the more their self-rating will be in discrepancy with others' rating (1b). Third, the authors hypothesized that the greater the self-efficacy of a leader the more their self-rating will be in agreement with others' rating (1c).Design/methodology/approachTo test the hypotheses, multisource data were collected from 128 banking leaders (who responded about different aspects of leadership self-efficacy, internal locus of control, self-esteem and leadership effectiveness) and 344 subordinates (who rated their leaders' effectiveness in performing leadership tasks).Multivariate regression was performed by jointly regressing both leaders' self-ratings and subordinates' ratings as a dependent variable on internal locus of control, self-esteem and leadership self-efficacy as predictor variables.FindingsSelf-esteem of a leader the more their self-rating will be in discrepancy with others' ratings.Originality/valueThe study tried to investigate the leader-subordinate dis(agreement) on leaders’ effectiveness taking banking leaders in the Ethiopian Context. The finding of the results is crucial and important for leadership development programs.
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Ellakany P, El Tantawi M, Al-Eraky DM, Aly NM, Al-Eraky MM. Self-assessment and peer-assessment of the psychomotor skills in preclinical prosthodontics: A prospective study. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF DENTAL EDUCATION : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION FOR DENTAL EDUCATION IN EUROPE 2022. [PMID: 35920079 DOI: 10.1111/eje.12846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Students' self-assessment and peer assessments are essential to understand the rubrics criteria and improve their psychomotor skills. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of self-assessment score (SAS), peer-assessment score (PAS) and teacher assessment score (TAS) on the final scores of the psychomotor skills of dental students in a preclinical fixed prosthodontics course. MATERIALS AND METHODS A prospective study included D2 students in a preclinical fixed prosthodontics course for two consecutive academic years from September 2017 to May 2019. Students' performance of various procedures over 14 sessions was assessed by SAS, PAS and TAS. Repeated-measures ANOVA was used to assess differences between the three scores and control charts showed their change over time. Multivariable linear regression was used to assess the association between two outcome variables: TAS and the total preclinical score and the explanatory variables: SAS, PAS, TAS, gender and GPA. The significance level was set at 5%. RESULTS SAS had a significantly higher mean (80.21) than TAS (79.32) and PAS (78.58). SAS reached higher levels earlier than TAS and PAS. PAS had a stronger association with TAS than SAS (partial eta squared, η2 = 0.17 and 0.13), whereas SAS significantly predicted total preclinical score (p < .0001). CONCLUSIONS PAS helped develop the skills of dental students during training, while SAS had an impact on their total preclinical score. Different student-centred activities are needed to support students' preclinical training in fixed prosthodontics courses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Passent Ellakany
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha El Tantawi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Doaa M Al-Eraky
- Department of Biomedical Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nourhan M Aly
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M Al-Eraky
- Academic Initiatives Directorate, Vice-Presidency for Academic Affairs, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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Shaw A, Choi J. Big Five personality traits predicting active procrastination at work: When self- and supervisor-ratings tell different stories. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PERSONALITY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2022.104261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Settanni M, Bronzini M, Carzedda G, Godino G, Manca ML, Martini L, Provvedi G, Quilghini F, Zucconi A, Francesetti G. Introducing the QACP: development and preliminary validation of an instrument to measure psychotherapist's core competencies. RESEARCH IN PSYCHOTHERAPY (MILANO) 2022; 25:599. [PMID: 35912928 PMCID: PMC9422322 DOI: 10.4081/ripppo.2022.599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The movement towards the conceptualization, description and evaluation of psychotherapists' competencies has been widely developed in the last years and has relevant implications for psychotherapy, training, and continuous education. In Italy, this movement has been supported by the Committee for Psychotherapists' Competencies established in 2010 by FIAP (Italian Federation of Psychotherapy's Associations) and CNSP (National Association of Psychotherapy's Training Institutes) and has involved more than 1000 psychotherapists from different approaches, by means of conferences, expert meetings, workshops, and focus groups. One of the outcomes of this process has been the development of a new self-assessment tool for core competencies (i.e., those that are shared by therapists from all modalities): the QACP (Questionario per l'Autovalutazione delle Competenze dello Psicoterapeuta). The present study aims to present the process of development and the preliminary proofs of the validity of this tool. Construct and knowngroup validity of the questionnaire were examined, and reliability was estimated by computing the internal consistency reliability coefficients for both the overall and the subscale scores. Overall, the instrument showed satisfactory psychometric characteristics. The limitations of the study and the results are discussed and directions for further research are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Monica Bronzini
- Professional Competencies & Qualitative Standards Committee, European Association of Gestalt Therapy, Neslandsvatn.
| | - Giuseppe Carzedda
- IIFAB - Istituto Italiano di Formazione in Analisi Bioenergetica, Roma.
| | - Giuseppe Godino
- SFPID - Scuola Formazione Psicoterapia Indirizzo Dinamico, Roma.
| | | | - Luisa Martini
- Istituto Italiano di Psicoterapia Relazionale, Roma.
| | | | | | - Alberto Zucconi
- CNSP - Coordinamento Nazionale Scuole di Psicoterapia, Roma, Italy; Person Centered Approach Institute (IACP), Roma.
| | - Gianni Francesetti
- Department of Psychology, University of Torino; Ipsig - Istituto Internazionale di Psicopatologia e Psicoterapia della Gestalt, Torino.
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Investigation of humans individual differences as predictors of their animal interaction styles, focused on the domestic cat. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12128. [PMID: 35840600 PMCID: PMC9287547 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15194-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Humans' individual differences including their demographics, personality, attitudes and experiences are often associated with important outcomes for the animals they interact with. This is pertinent to companion animals such as cats and dogs, given their social and emotional importance to humans and degree of integration into human society. However, the mechanistic underpinnings and causal relationships that characterise links between human individual differences and companion animal behaviour and wellbeing are not well understood. In this exploratory investigation, we firstly quantified the underlying structure of, and variation in, human's styles of behaviour during typical human-cat interactions (HCI), focusing on aspects of handling and interaction known to be preferred by cats (i.e. 'best practice'), and their variation. We then explored the potential significance of various human individual differences as predictors of these HCI styles. Seven separate HCI styles were identified via Principal Component Analysis (PCA) from averaged observations for 119 participants, interacting with sociable domestic cats within a rehoming context. Using General Linear Models (GLMs) and an Information Theoretic (IT) approach, we found these HCI PC components were weakly to strongly predicted by factors including cat-ownership history, participant personality (measured via the Big Five Inventory, or BFI), age, work experience with animals and participants' subjective ratings of their cat behaviour knowledge. Paradoxically, greater cat ownership experiences and self-assessed cat knowledge were not positively associated with 'best practice' styles of HCI, but were instead generally predictive of HCI styles known to be less preferred by cats, as was greater participant age and Neuroticism. These findings have important implications regarding the quality of human-companion animal relationships and dyadic compatibility, in addition to the role of educational interventions and their targeting for optimal efficacy. In the context of animal adoption, these results strengthen the (limited) evidence base for decision making associated with cat-adopter screening and matching. In particular, our results suggest that greater cat ownership experiences and self-reports of cat knowledge might not necessarily convey advantages for cats in the context of HCI.
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Madden M, Collins R, Schwarz T, Suñol A. Use of 3D Printing Technology to Create a Canine Simulator for Cerebrospinal Fluid Sampling at the Lumbar Subarachnoid Space. JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICAL EDUCATION 2022; 50:e20210159. [PMID: 35862374 DOI: 10.3138/jvme-2021-0159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) sampling at the lumbar subarachnoid space (LSS) is technically challenging to learn. Currently, training relies on cadaver availability or performance in a clinical scenario. This study aims to develop and validate a low-cost, high-fidelity simulator to train in this technique. Using three-dimensional printing technology, a model of a healthy adult dog's lumbosacral vertebral column was produced. The model was augmented with synthetic materials and a fluidic system to replicate all procedural steps and permit successful CSF collection. The simulator was validated by four experts, who rated it highly across multiple criteria. Final-year veterinary students were recruited to take part in practical sessions using either the simulator (n = 16) or a cadaver (n = 16). Performance was recorded for each student, and feedback was obtained using an anonymous online survey. Student performance was similar between groups (p = .2), with 87.5% and 68.75% of students in the simulator and cadaver group, respectively, successfully placing the needle into the LSS. All successful students in the simulator group were able to obtain a CSF sample, versus none in the cadaver group. No difference in the number of attempts was detected between groups (p > .99), with most students taking more than three attempts. User experience was similar between groups, with 93.8% of students in each group rating the session as a positive learning experience. In summary, we demonstrate the validity of a novel, low-cost, and anatomically precise simulator that can be used for teaching CSF sampling at the LSS.
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Narayanan A, Greco M, Janamian T, Fraser T, Archer J. Are there differences between SIMG surgeons and locally trained surgeons in Australia and New Zealand, as rated by colleagues and themselves? BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2022; 22:516. [PMID: 35778704 PMCID: PMC9250230 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-022-03560-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Representation of specialist international medical graduates (SIMGs) in specific specialties such as surgery can be expected to grow as doctor shortages are predicted in the context of additional care provision for aging populations and limited local supply. Many national medical boards and colleges provide pathways for medical registration and fellowship of SIMGs that may include examinations and short-term training. There is currently very little understanding of how SIMGs are perceived by colleagues and whether their performance is perceived to be comparable to locally trained medical specialists. It is also not known how SIMGs perceive their own capabilities in comparison to local specialists. The aim of this study is to explore the relationships between colleague feedback and self-evaluation in the specialist area of surgery to identify possible methods for enhancing registration and follow-up training within the jurisdiction of Australia and New Zealand. METHODS Feedback from 1728 colleagues to 96 SIMG surgeons and 406 colleagues to 25 locally trained Fellow surgeons was collected, resulting in 2134 responses to 121 surgeons in total. Additionally, 98 SIMGs and 25 Fellows provided self-evaluation scores (123 in total). Questionnaire and data reliability were calculated before analysis of variance, principal component analysis and network analysis were performed to identify differences between colleague evaluations and self-evaluations by surgeon type. RESULTS Colleagues rated SIMGs and Fellows in the 'very good' to 'excellent' range. Fellows received a small but statistically significant higher average score than SIMGs, especially in areas dealing with medical skills and expertise. However, SIMGs received higher scores where there was motivation to demonstrate working well with colleagues. Colleagues rated SIMGs using one dimension and Fellows using three, which can be identified as clinical management skills, inter-personal communication skills and self-management skills. On self-evaluation, both SIMGs and Fellows gave themselves a significant lower average score than their colleagues, with SIMGs giving themselves a statistically significant higher score than Fellows. CONCLUSIONS Colleagues rate SIMGs and Fellows highly. The results of this study indicate that SIMGs tend to self-assess more highly, but according to colleagues do not display the same level of differentiation between clinical management, inter-personal and self-management skills. Further research is required to confirm these provisional findings and possible reasons for lack of differentiation if this exists. Depending on the outcome, possible support mechanisms can be explored that may lead to increased comparable performance with locally trained graduates of Australia and New Zealand in these three dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajit Narayanan
- Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Michael Greco
- School of Medicine, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD Australia
- CFEP Surveys, Everton Park, QLD Australia
| | - Tina Janamian
- CFEP Surveys, Everton Park, QLD Australia
- School of Business, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD Australia
- Education and Innovation, Australian General Practice Accreditation Limited (AGPAL), Brisbane, QLD Australia
| | - Tamieka Fraser
- Australian General Practice Accreditation Limited (AGPAL), Brisbane, QLD Australia
| | - Julian Archer
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
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Sonstein SA, Samuels E, Aldinger C, White SA, Bierer BE. Self-assessed Competencies of Clinical Research Professionals and Recommendations for Further Education and Training. Ther Innov Regul Sci 2022; 56:607-615. [PMID: 35357687 DOI: 10.1007/s43441-022-00395-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The Joint Task Force for Clinical Trial Competency (JTF) conducted a global survey of clinical research professionals requesting respondents to self-assess their competencies in each of the eight domains of its Core Competency Framework version 3.1. The results were analyzed based upon role, years of experience, educational level, professional certification, institutional affiliation, and continuing education participation. Respondents with professional certification self-assessed their competencies in all domains at higher levels than those without professional certification. The survey demonstrated that irrespective of role, experience, or educational level, training curricula in both pre-professional and continuing professional education should include additional content relating to research methods, protocol design, medical product development and regulation, and data management and informatics. These results validate and extend the recommendations of a similar 2016 JTF and other surveys. We further recommend that clinical and translational research organizations and clinical sites assess training needs locally, using both subjective and objective measures of skill and knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen A Sonstein
- Multi-Regional Clinical Trials Center of Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard, 14 Story Street, 4th Floor, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Elias Samuels
- Michigan Institute for Clinical and Health Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Carmen Aldinger
- Multi-Regional Clinical Trials Center of Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard, 14 Story Street, 4th Floor, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Sarah A White
- Multi-Regional Clinical Trials Center of Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard, 14 Story Street, 4th Floor, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Barbara E Bierer
- Multi-Regional Clinical Trials Center of Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard, 14 Story Street, 4th Floor, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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80
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Overconfidence in Managing Health Concerns: The Dunning-Kruger Effect and Health Literacy. J Clin Psychol Med Settings 2022:10.1007/s10880-022-09895-4. [PMID: 35768740 PMCID: PMC9244283 DOI: 10.1007/s10880-022-09895-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Health literacy is often low within the general population. The Dunning–Kruger effect (DKE) suggests that individuals may experience a cognitive bias in which they overestimate their own knowledge base. This study examines the DKE regarding health literacy and health behaviors. A community sample (n = 504) completed questionnaires measuring objective health literacy, confidence in health knowledge, and health behaviors and medical conditions. Results support the presence of a DKE for health literacy; individuals with low health literacy reported equal or greater confidence in health knowledge than individuals with higher health literacy. Individuals with lower health literacy reported more problematic engagement in health behaviors. Low health literacy can impact engagement in health behavior and effect health outcomes, but individuals may not realize this deficit. Implications for clinical intervention include the need to address cognitive bias and enhance motivation to participate in health literacy interventions.
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81
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A Comprehensive Review of Driving Style Evaluation Approaches and Product Designs Applied to Vehicle Usage-Based Insurance. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14137705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Vehicle insurance is a very important source of income for insurance companies, and it is closely related to the driving style performed by driving behavior. Different driving styles can better reflect the driving risk than the number of violations, claims, and other static statistic data. Subdivide the vehicle insurance market according to the personal characteristics and driving habits of the insured vehicles, and studying the personalized vehicle insurance products, will help the insurance companies to improve their income, help the drivers to change their bad driving habits, and thus help to realize the healthy development of the vehicle insurance industry. In the past 20 to 30 years, more and more insurance companies around the world have launched vehicle usage-based insurance (UBI) products based on driving style analysis. However, up to now, there are few comprehensive reports on commercial vehicle UBI products and their core driving risk assessment methods. On the basis of literature indexing on the Web of Science and other academic platforms by using the keywords involved in vehicle UBI, over 100 relevant works of literature were screened in this paper, and a detailed and comprehensive discussion on the driving style evaluation methods and the design of commercial vehicle UBI products during the past 20 to 30 years has been made, hoping to get a full understanding of the possible factors affecting driving style and the collectible data that can reflect these factors, and to get a full grasp of the developing status, challenges and future trends in vehicle insurance branch of the Internet of Vehicles (IoV) industry.
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82
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Dental Neglect and Its Perception in the Dental Practice. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19116408. [PMID: 35681995 PMCID: PMC9180467 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19116408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
In 2020, the number of reported cases of child maltreatment in Germany has never been higher and most of them showed signs of neglect. Most of the time, dental neglect (DN) appears together with a general form of neglect, and includes, apart from caries, many other negative short- and long-term effects for the affected child. In this study, the prevalence of DN in Germany and the way dental practices are currently addressing the topic are examined. Moreover, this study explored whether the experiences of German dentists with DN are related to their work experience, their gender or further education about DN. The data was collected using an anonymous questionnaire. The hypotheses were tested using unpaired t-tests based on differences in mean values. The three most common reasons for a suspected case of child maltreatment were the interaction of children with parents, or a legal guardian, insufficient oral or general hygiene, and grave caries. Even though most of the participating dentists agree that it is the task of the dentist to report suspected cases of child maltreatment, only few of them have done so in the past themselves. Not only insecurity about recognition and whom to contact in the suspected case, but also concern about unfounded suspicion were the most common reasons not to report a suspected case of DN. The detection and communication of suspected cases should be encouraged in order to protect affected children.
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83
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Edmonds KA, Rose JP. Exploring the impact of dimensional comparisons in health contexts. SOCIAL AND PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGY COMPASS 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/spc3.12669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jason P. Rose
- Department of Psychology University of Toledo Toledo OH USA
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84
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Trifunovic-Koenig M, Bushuven S, Gerber B, Otto B, Dettenkofer M, Salm F, Fischer MR. Correlation between Overconfidence and Learning Motivation in Postgraduate Infection Prevention and Control Training. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19095763. [PMID: 35565171 PMCID: PMC9100152 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19095763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Training in hand hygiene for health care workers is essential to reduce hospital-acquired infections. Unfortunately, training in this competency may be perceived as tedious, time-consuming, and expendable. In preceding studies, our working group detected overconfidence effects in the self-assessment of hand hygiene competencies. Overconfidence is the belief of being better than others (overplacement) or being better than tests reveal (overestimation). The belief that members of their profession are better than other professionals is attributable to the clinical tribalism phenomenon. The study aimed to assess the correlation of overconfidence effects on hand hygiene and their association with four motivational dimensions (intrinsic, identified, external, and amotivation) to attend hand hygiene training. Methods: We conducted an open online convenience sampling survey with 103 health care professionals (physicians, nurses, and paramedics) in German, combining previously validated questionnaires for (a) overconfidence in hand hygiene and (b) learning motivation assessments. Statistics included parametric, nonparametric, and cluster analyses. Results: We detected a quadratic, u-shaped correlation between learning motivation and the assessments of one’s own and others’ competencies. The results of the quadratic regressions with overplacement and its quadratic term as predictors indicated that the model explained 7% of the variance of amotivation (R2 = 0.07; F(2, 100) = 3.94; p = 0.02). Similarly, the quadratic model of clinical tribalism for nurses in comparison to physicians and its quadratic term explained 18% of the variance of amotivation (R2 = 0.18; F(2, 48) = 5.30; p = 0.01). Cluster analysis revealed three distinct groups of participants: (1) “experts” (n1 = 43) with excellent knowledge and justifiable confidence in their proficiencies but still motivated for ongoing training, and (2) “recruitables” (n2 = 43) who are less competent with mild overconfidence and higher motivation to attend training, and (3) “unawares” (n3 = 17) being highly overconfident, incompetent (especially in assessing risks for incorrect and omitted hand hygiene), and lacking motivation for training. Discussion: We were able to show that a highly rated self-assessment, which was justified (confident) or unjustified (overconfident), does not necessarily correlate with a low motivation to learn. However, the expert’s learning motivation stayed high. Overconfident persons could be divided into two groups: motivated for training (recruitable) or not (unaware). These findings are consistent with prior studies on overconfidence in medical and non-medical contexts. Regarding the study’s limitations (sample size and convenience sampling), our findings indicate a need for further research in the closed populations of health care providers on training motivation in hand hygiene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Trifunovic-Koenig
- Institute for Infection Control and Infection Prevention, Health Care Association District of Constance (GLKN), 78315 Konstanz, Germany; (M.T.-K.); (M.D.); (F.S.)
| | - Stefan Bushuven
- Institute for Infection Control and Infection Prevention, Health Care Association District of Constance (GLKN), 78315 Konstanz, Germany; (M.T.-K.); (M.D.); (F.S.)
- Hegau-Jugendwerk Hospital Gailingen, Health Care Association District of Constance (GLKN), 78262 Konstanz, Germany
- Institute of Medical Education, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany;
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +49-(0)-7732-88-870
| | - Bianka Gerber
- Institute of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, Emergency Medicine and Pain Therapy, Hegau-Bodensee-Hospital Singen, Health Care Association District of Constance (GLKN), 78224 Singen, Germany;
| | - Baerbel Otto
- Institute of Medical Education, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany;
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany;
| | - Markus Dettenkofer
- Institute for Infection Control and Infection Prevention, Health Care Association District of Constance (GLKN), 78315 Konstanz, Germany; (M.T.-K.); (M.D.); (F.S.)
| | - Florian Salm
- Institute for Infection Control and Infection Prevention, Health Care Association District of Constance (GLKN), 78315 Konstanz, Germany; (M.T.-K.); (M.D.); (F.S.)
| | - Martin R. Fischer
- Institute of Medical Education, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany;
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85
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Burns J, Chetlen A, Morgan DE, Catanzano TM, McLoud TC, Slanetz PJ, Jay AK. Affecting Change: Enhancing Feedback Interactions with Radiology Trainees. Acad Radiol 2022; 29 Suppl 5:S111-S117. [PMID: 34217615 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2021.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Feedback is a critical part of the learning process and is a valuable tool to empower adult learners. Modern feedback theory places the learner at the center of the feedback encounter. Individual and institutional barriers to effective giving and receiving of feedback can be overcome through education and attention to the form and content of feedback. We review the elements of effective feedback and address issues of framing, environmental, and social factors which aid in providing psychological safety and trust, as necessary elements to create a culture of feedback in radiology training programs. We provide practical strategies to empower learners with the necessary skills to solicit, receive, and reflect on feedback.
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86
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Mohr M, Schillings J, Mohren J. „Feel confident and know what to do?“ Wissensstand und Handlungssicherheit von Rettungsdienstfachpersonal zur präklinischen Erwachsenenreanimation. Notf Rett Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10049-021-00841-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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87
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Persich MR, Robinson MD. Five Approaches to Understanding Interpersonal Competence: A Review and Integration. REVIEW OF GENERAL PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/10892680221085507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Social connectedness has been linked to beneficial outcomes across domains, ages, and cultures. However, not everyone receives these benefits, as there are large individual differences in the capacities required to create and sustain functional interpersonal relationships. A great deal of research has been devoted to assessing and understanding these differences, often focusing on how competent interpersonal behavior renders it more likely that one will succeed interpersonally. The current paper examines five relevant approaches that have emerged from personality (global traits), social (social cognition), clinical (social skills interventions), developmental (social information processing), and industrial/organizational (situation judgment) areas of psychology. A comparison of these approaches highlights important considerations related to bandwidth and fidelity, whether the focus should be on overt behavior or underlying processes, and whether to emphasize tendencies or their effectiveness. The review concludes with calls for greater integration efforts, which can capitalize on strengths inherent to different approaches.
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88
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Magnus JR, Peresetsky AA. A Statistical Explanation of the Dunning-Kruger Effect. Front Psychol 2022; 13:840180. [PMID: 35401341 PMCID: PMC8992690 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.840180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
An explanation of the Dunning-Kruger effect is provided which does not require any psychological explanation, because it is derived as a statistical artifact. This is achieved by specifying a simple statistical model which explicitly takes the (random) boundary constraints into account. The model fits the data almost perfectly. JEL Classification A22; C24; C91; D84; D91; I21.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan R Magnus
- Department of Econometrics and Data Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Tinbergen Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Anatoly A Peresetsky
- Department of Applied Economics, Faculty of Economic Sciences, Higher School of Economics (HSE University), Moscow, Russia
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89
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Afolabi TM, Pogge EK, Early NK, Larson S, Stein J, Hanson L, Storjohann T, Raney E, Davis LE. Evaluating the impact of integrating SMART goal setting in preceptor development using the Habits of Preceptors Rubric. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2022; 79:1180-1191. [PMID: 35368054 DOI: 10.1093/ajhp/zxac096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
DISCLAIMER In an effort to expedite the publication of articles, AJHP is posting manuscripts online as soon as possible after acceptance. Accepted manuscripts have been peer-reviewed and copyedited, but are posted online before technical formatting and author proofing. These manuscripts are not the final version of record and will be replaced with the final article (formatted per AJHP style and proofed by the authors) at a later time. PURPOSE The impact of goal setting in pharmacy preceptor development was evaluated using the Habits of Preceptors Rubric (HOP-R), a criterion-referenced assessment developed to assess, quantify, and demonstrate growth across 11 preceptor habits. METHODS This study retrospectively evaluated initial and follow-up survey responses from the 2019-2020 Clinician Educators Program cohort at Midwestern University College of Pharmacy, Glendale Campus. Enrollees in this teaching and learning curriculum (TLC) were invited to assess their precepting habits using the HOP-R after attending the first seminar and again toward the end of the longitudinal program. Using online surveys, participants rated their precepting capabilities as developing, proficient, accomplished, or master level for each habit. In the initial survey, each participant selected a habit of focus for deliberate development and established an individualized goal using the specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound (SMART) framework. In the follow-up survey, participants indicated their satisfaction with and progress toward accomplishing their precepting goal. RESULTS Initial survey results from 55 study participants identified developing as the most frequently self-reported habit level (53%; n = 605 ratings), while master was the least frequently reported (1%). In the follow-up assessment, accomplished (45%) was the most frequently self-reported habit level, while master (5%) remained the least reported. The cohort reported a median progress in SMART goal accomplishment of 69% (range, 12% to 100%; n = 54). CONCLUSION Preceptors and resident pharmacists reported perceived advancement in precepting capabilities within the conceptual framework of the HOP-R encompassing both their self-selected habit of focus and adjacent habits while enrolled in a TLC. SMART goals facilitated qualitative and quantitative assessment of development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Titilola M Afolabi
- Department of Pharmacy, Midwestern University College of Pharmacy, Glendale Campus, Glendale, AZ, USA
| | - Elizabeth K Pogge
- Department of Pharmacy, Midwestern University College of Pharmacy, Glendale Campus, Glendale, AZ, USA
| | - Nicole K Early
- Department of Pharmacy, Midwestern University College of Pharmacy, Glendale Campus, Glendale, AZ, USA
| | - Suzanne Larson
- Office of Experiential Education, Midwestern University College of Pharmacy, Glendale Campus, Glendale, AZ, USA
| | - Jane Stein
- Office of Experiential Education, Midwestern University College of Pharmacy, Glendale Campus, Glendale, AZ, USA
| | - Laura Hanson
- Office of Experiential Education, Midwestern University College of Pharmacy, Glendale Campus, Glendale, AZ, USA
| | - Tara Storjohann
- Department of Pharmacy, Midwestern University College of Pharmacy, Glendale Campus, Glendale, AZ, USA
| | - Erin Raney
- Department of Pharmacy, Midwestern University College of Pharmacy, Glendale Campus, Glendale, AZ, USA
| | - Lindsay E Davis
- Department of Pharmacy, Midwestern University College of Pharmacy, Glendale Campus, Glendale, AZ, USA
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90
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Tiphaine DR, Céline B. Impact de la pandémie liée au COVID-19 sur la pratique des jeux vidéo selon la personnalité et le type de passion dans une population adulte. PSYCHOLOGIE FRANCAISE 2022. [PMCID: PMC9046064 DOI: 10.1016/j.psfr.2022.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Introduction La pandémie liée au COVID-19 a modifié les habitudes quotidiennes de la population. Dans ce contexte, certaines activités ont été favorisées, parfois même encouragées, telles que l’usage des jeux vidéo (JV). Objectif L’objectif de cette étude était d’investiguer l’impact de la pandémie sur la pratique des JV en tenant compte du type de passion et de la personnalité. Méthode Une méthodologie mixte a été utilisée. En sus de la quantité de pratique des JV, le Big Five Inventory a permis d’évaluer la personnalité et l’Echelle de passion de distinguer le type de passion selon le modèle dualiste. Un entretien semi-directif permettait d’évaluer l’impact des confinements sur la pratique ludique et le ressenti du joueur durant cette période. Parmi les 137 joueurs de JV (âge moyen de 30,26 ans) ayant rempli les auto-questionnaires, 10 ont participé à l’entretien semi-directif. Résultats Quel que soit le type de passion, le temps de pratique des JV a augmenté durant les confinements (en fréquence et en temps). Une relation négative a été retrouvée entre l’Ouverture et le temps de pratique des JV la semaine avant et durant la pandémie, ainsi qu’avec la passion obsessive. Les données qualitatives ont montré que le JV est apparu comme une activité occupationnelle, source de plaisir, d’évasion par rapport émotions négatives liées à la crise sanitaire, et de soutien social. Conclusion L’usage des JV a été évoqué par les participants comme une stratégie efficace pour faire face aux difficultés engendrées par la pandémie de COVID-19.
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91
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Castleberry AN, Medina MS, Persky A, Schlesselman LS. Strategies for Measuring Advances in Pharmacy Student Learning. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL EDUCATION 2022; 86:8707. [PMID: 34400399 PMCID: PMC10159419 DOI: 10.5688/ajpe8707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Objective. To provide guidance to authors and reviewers on how to design and evaluate educational research studies to better capture evidence of pharmacy student learning.Findings. A wide variety of assessment tools are available to measure student learning associated with educational innovations. Each assessment tool is associated with different advantages and disadvantages that must be weighed to determine the appropriateness of the tool for each situation. Additionally, the educational research design must be aligned with the intent of the study to strengthen its impact.Summary. By selecting research methods aligned with Kirkpatrick's levels of training evaluation, researchers can create stronger evidence of student learning when evaluating the effectiveness of teaching innovations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Melissa S Medina
- University of Oklahoma, Health Sciences Center College of Pharmacy, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
- Associate Editor, American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, Arlington, Virginia
| | - Adam Persky
- University of North Carolina, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Associate Editor, American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, Arlington, Virginia
| | - Lauren S Schlesselman
- University of Connecticut, Center for Excellence in Teaching and Learning, Storrs, Connecticut
- Associate Editor, American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, Arlington, Virginia
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92
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Wada YH, Ogunyinka IA, Yusuff KB, Ochu CL, Yahaya M, Khalid GM, Mutalub YB, Adeniye SB. Knowledge of Lassa fever, its prevention and control practices and their predictors among healthcare workers during an outbreak in Northern Nigeria: A multi-centre cross-sectional assessment. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0010259. [PMID: 35286303 PMCID: PMC9045733 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The year 2020 Lassa fever (LF) outbreak had the greatest disease burden and
this can place an enormous strain on the already overstretched healthcare
system and can potentially increase morbidity and mortality due to
infectious diseases. Therefore, having a knowledgeable healthcare workforce with appropriate
skills and competencies to prevent and manage outbreaks of a neglected
infectious disease such as LF in Nigeria will potentially enhance public
health. Thus, this survey assessed the level of knowledge of LF and its
prevention and control (PC) measures amongst the healthcare workers (HCWs)
during a LF outbreak in Katsina state, Nigeria. Methodology/Principal findings During this cross-sectional survey, HCWs complete a validated 29-item
questionnaire comprising 18 items on the knowledge of LF and its PC measures
and an item on global self-evaluation of their LF knowledge. Psychometric
properties of the questionnaire were evaluated. Chi-square and binary
logistic regression analyses were conducted. Out of 435 HCWs invited, a total of 400 participated in the study (92%
response rate). The majority of participants (51.8%) demonstrated inadequate
LF knowledge, with 62.9% of those scoring low having a high self-perception
of their LF knowledge with the global scale. This LF knowledge
over-estimation was predicted by LF training status (odds ratio (OR) 2.53;
95% CI: 1.49–4.30; p = 0.001). The level of LF knowledge
and its PC measures among the study participants was low (11.60±8.14, 64.4%)
and predicted by participants’ LF training status (OR 2.06; 95% CI:
1.19–3.57; p = 0.009), place of work (OR 1.82; 95% CI:
1.07–3.08; p = 0.03) and their designations (OR 2.40; 95%
CI: 1.10–5.22; p = 0.03). Conclusion The level of knowledge of LF and its PC measures among the HCWs surveyed was
suboptimal and participants’ LF training status, place of work and
occupational category were the significant predictors. In addition, LF
knowledge overestimation on a global scale was observed among a majority of
HCWs and this was also predicted by LF training status. Therefore, there is
a critical need for health authorities in Nigeria to prioritize continuous
on-the-job training of HCWs on priority neglected tropical diseases such as
Lassa fever. In about five decades in Nigeria, Lassa fever (LF) has infected 3897 and caused
1319 deaths (including 71 healthcare workers (HCWs)) giving a case fatality rate
of 33.8% for confirmed cases in Nigeria. Poor knowledge of LF and its prevention
and control (PC) measures amongst HCWs can lead to non-adherence to LF safety
protocols, healthcare-associated infections, poor patient outcomes, and even the
death of infected HCWs. In addition, LF knowledge over-estimation may lead to
mismanagement of LF cases with potential fatal consequences. Therefore, this
study assessed if the nine different cadres of HCWs interviewed from four health
facilities during an LF outbreak in Katsina, Nigeria have the appropriate level
of LF knowledge. Using a validated questionnaire, data were collected from 400
HCWs and then analyzed with Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS)
Version 25. Results were tabulated and associations between the variables
determined. More than half of the HCWs demonstrated inadequate LF knowledge with
nearly two out of three of these HCWs over-estimating their LF knowledge.
However, adequate LF knowledge was predicted by training on LF and this in turn
predicted LF knowledge over-estimation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ibrahim Abayomi Ogunyinka
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of
Pharmaceutical Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto,
Nigeria
- * E-mail:
| | - Kazeem Babatunde Yusuff
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Practice, College of Pharmacy, QU
Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Chinwe Lucia Ochu
- Prevention, Programmes and Knowledge Management, Nigeria Centre for
Disease Control, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Mohammed Yahaya
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Usmanu Danfodiyo
University, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Garba Mohammed Khalid
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Bayero
University, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Yahkub Babatunde Mutalub
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medical Sciences,
Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Nigeria
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Gillman AS, Iles IA, Klein WMP, Ferrer RA. Increasing Receptivity to COVID-19 Public Health Messages with Self-Affirmation and Self vs. Other Framing. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2022:1-12. [PMID: 35264033 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2022.2043024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
There remains an urgent need for effective communication about the importance of widespread adherence to behavioral recommendations to control the COVID-19 pandemic that will also reduce resistance to such guidance. We examined two strategies for COVID-19 communication- (1) self-affirmation (reflecting on a personal value in order to boost self-integrity and reduce defensiveness to potentially threatening information); and (2) manipulating self/other message framing - and moderation of these strategies by COVID-19 risk. 600 participants (Mage = 32.55, 51% female) were recruited for an online study and, after assessment of risk factors for severe COVID-19 infection, were exposed to the experimental manipulations. Three classes of defensive responses were considered as outcomes of interest: reactance, attitudinal responses, and behavioral responses. We found that participants derogated the self-focused message more than the other-focused message. Further, other-focused messaging and/or self-affirmation were more likely to elicit positive responses among individuals at higher risk for COVID-19 complications. Our findings suggest having individuals affirm values prior to viewing COVID-19 messages, and framing messages in terms of the importance of protecting others, may be beneficial strategies for encouraging responsiveness - particularly if the targets of such messages are at risk of COVID-19 complications themselves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arielle S Gillman
- Behavioral Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Irina A Iles
- Behavioral Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - William M P Klein
- Behavioral Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rebecca A Ferrer
- Behavioral Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
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94
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Sanchez C. The psychology of being a beginner. SOCIAL AND PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGY COMPASS 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/spc3.12659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Sanchez
- Gies College of Business University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign Urbana Illinois USA
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95
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Working with emotions: emotional intelligence, performance and creativity in the knowledge-intensive workforce. JOURNAL OF KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.1108/jkm-07-2021-0556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to examine whether work-related emotional intelligence (W-EI) benefits job performance among knowledge-intensive workers.
Design/methodology/approach
Postdoctoral researchers (Study 1) and industry researchers (Study 2) were recruited (total N = 304). These knowledge workers completed an ability-based emotional intelligence (EI) test and characterized their work-related performance. Potential moderators were also assessed.
Findings
There were positive relations between W-EI scores and both task performance and creative performance. In addition, these relationships were stronger in the context of higher levels of job negative affect and/or role overload.
Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, these findings are among the first to demonstrate the value of the EI construct within a knowledge-intensive workforce.
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96
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George ER, Sabin LL, Elliott PA, Wolff JA, Osani MC, McSwiggan Hong J, Berry WR. Examining health care champions: a mixed-methods study exploring self and peer perspectives of champions. IMPLEMENTATION RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2022; 3:26334895221077880. [PMID: 37091082 PMCID: PMC9924235 DOI: 10.1177/26334895221077880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Champions are widely recognized as playing a key role in the successful implementation of evidence-based interventions within the health care sector; however, little is known about which characteristics and skills enable them to play that role. Furthermore, previous studies have measured only individual champions’ responses to personal attributes without incorporating input from other observers. A mixed-methods study was conducted to identify, analyze, and group the behaviors and characteristics of champions who have successfully promoted the adoption of new initiatives within the health care delivery system, taking into consideration self and peer perspectives. Methods Using a mixed-methods, cross-sectional triangulation design with a convergence model, quantitative data were collected and analyzed from health care champions (n = 30) and their colleagues (n = 58) from 11 countries using a survey. Every champion and a subset of colleagues (n = 14) also participated in in-depth interviews. Descriptive statistics were used to explore the relationship between champion and colleague responses to survey items; chi-squared tests and Kruskal–Wallis tests were used to compare the differences. Thematic content analysis of qualitative data was used to explore champion-like behaviors and features. Characteristics of champions were categorized using the Transformational Leadership Theory framework. Results Champions exhibited characteristics that facilitated trust and encouraged motivation among their colleagues to adopt innovations, such as being intrinsically motivated, persistent, enthusiastic, and highly effective communicators. Champions were described by their colleagues as empathetic, curious, physically present, approachable, and often soliciting feedback from others. Although there was a high degree of agreement between champion and colleague survey responses, champions were more likely to underrate their skills and abilities to instigate change compared to their colleagues. Conclusion Both champions and colleagues described key champion-like characteristics, but champions often downplayed the characteristics and behaviors that make champions uniquely effective at facilitating the adoption of evidence-based interventions. Plan language abstract Health care champions are people who promote the adoption of new initiatives to improve the quality of patient care among their colleagues within health care settings. Champions are often viewed by organizational leaders and researchers as critical for the successful implementation of new ideas; however, little is known about what specific skills or characteristics make them effective at promoting the adoption of new ideas among their colleagues. Most studies on champions’ behaviors have only included the perspectives of champions, and not perspectives from others within the organization. The goal of our study was to not only explore champions’ perspectives of themselves, but also the views of champions’ colleagues to understand why and how champions motivated and influenced their colleagues to try new things. Findings from this study could lead to more accurate identification of health care champions, which in turn could lead to more efficient and effective adoption of new initiatives to improve the quality of patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lora L. Sabin
- Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - James A. Wolff
- Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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97
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Fishbach A, Woolley K. The Structure of Intrinsic Motivation. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ORGANIZATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY AND ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR 2022. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-012420-091122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Intrinsic motivation (IM) is key for persistence at work. When they are intrinsically motivated, people experience work activities as an end in itself, such that the activity and its goal collide. The result is increased interest and enjoyment of work activities. In this article, we review the current state of knowledge on IM, including studies within organizational, cognitive, and social psychology. We distinguish our structural perspective, which defines IM as the overlap between means and ends (e.g., the means-ends fusion model), from content-based approaches to study IM. We specifically discuss three questions: ( a) What is IM and why does it matter, ( b) how can individuals and organizations increase IM, and ( c) what biases and misconceptions do employees and managers hold about IM?
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayelet Fishbach
- Booth School of Business, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Kaitlin Woolley
- SC Johnson College of Business, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
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98
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Beer JS. Self-Enhancement is Unlikely to Require Somatic Cues nor is it Likely to be a Successful Long-Term Approach to Promoting Environmental Mastery. PSYCHOLOGICAL INQUIRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/1047840x.2021.2004814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer S. Beer
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas, Austin, Texas, USA
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99
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ZHENG X, YU Y, LIU X. The effect of spouse emotional intelligence on employee work engagement: The mediating role of employee life well-being and the moderating role of gender. ACTA PSYCHOLOGICA SINICA 2022. [DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1041.2022.00646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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100
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Both better and worse than others depending on difficulty: Replication
and extensions of Kruger’s (1999) above and below average effects. JUDGMENT AND DECISION MAKING 2022. [DOI: 10.1017/s1930297500009189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Above-and-below-average effects are well-known phenomena that arise when
comparing oneself to others. Kruger (1999) found that people rate themselves
as above average for easy abilities and below average for difficult
abilities. We conducted a successful pre-registered replication of Kruger’s
(1999) Study 1, the first demonstration of the core phenomenon
(N = 756, US MTurk workers). Extending the
replication to also include a between-subject design, we added two
conditions manipulating easy and difficult interpretations of the original
ability domains, and with an additional dependent variable measuring
perceived difficulty. We observed an above-average-effect in the easy
extension and below-average-effect in the difficult extension, compared to
the neutral replication condition. Both extension conditions were perceived
as less ambiguous than the original neutral condition. Overall, we conclude
strong empirical support for Kruger’s above-and-below-average effects, with
boundary conditions laid out in the extensions expanding both
generalizability and robustness of the phenomenon.
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