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Pedrazzi V, do Nascimento C, Mardegan Issa JP, Fedorowicz Z. Interventions for managing halitosis. Hippokratia 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd012213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vinícius Pedrazzi
- School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo; Department of Dental Materials and Prosthesis; Av do Café s/nº Ribeirão Preto São Paulo Brazil 14040-904
| | - Cássio do Nascimento
- School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo; Av do Café s/nº Ribeirão Preto São Paulo Brazil 14040-904
| | - Joao Paulo Mardegan Issa
- School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo; Av do Café s/nº Ribeirão Preto São Paulo Brazil 14040-904
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Krishna R, De Stefano JA. Ultrasonic vs. hand instrumentation in periodontal therapy: clinical outcomes. Periodontol 2000 2016; 71:113-27. [DOI: 10.1111/prd.12119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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53
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Wilder RS, Bray KS. Improving periodontal outcomes: merging clinical and behavioral science. Periodontol 2000 2016; 71:65-81. [DOI: 10.1111/prd.12125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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54
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Gurav AN. Management of diabolical diabetes mellitus and periodontitis nexus: Are we doing enough? World J Diabetes 2016; 7:50-66. [PMID: 26962409 PMCID: PMC4766246 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v7.i4.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Revised: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is the commonest oral disease affecting population worldwide. This disease is notorious for the devastation of tooth supporting structures, ensuing in the loss of dentition. The etiology for this disease is bacterial biofilm, which accumulates on the teeth as dental plaque. In addition to the biofilm microorganisms, other factors such as environmental, systemic and genetic are also responsible in progression of periodontitis. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is metabolic disorder which has an impact on the global health. DM plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. Periodontitis is declared as the “sixth” major complication of DM. Evidence based literature has depicted an enhanced incidence and severity of periodontitis in subjects with DM. A “two way” relationship has been purported between periodontitis and DM. Mutual management of both conditions is necessary. Periodontal therapy (PT) may assist to diminish the progression of DM and improve glycemic control. Various advanced technological facilities may be utilized for the purpose of patient education and disease management. The present paper clarifies the etio-pathogenesis of periodontitis, establishing it as a complication of DM and elaborating the various mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis. The role of PT in amelioration of DM and application of digital communication will be discussed. Overall, it is judicious to create an increased patient cognizance of the periodontitis-DM relationship. Conjunctive efforts must be undertaken by the medical and oral health care professionals for the management of periodontitis affected DM patients.
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Dumitrescu AL. Editorial: Periodontal Disease - A Public Health Problem. Front Public Health 2016; 3:278. [PMID: 26779473 PMCID: PMC4705816 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2015.00278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
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Antibacterial and antiplaque efficacy of a commercially available octenidine-containing mouthrinse. Clin Oral Investig 2015; 20:1469-76. [PMID: 26556571 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-015-1643-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this clinical study was to determine the antibacterial and antiplaque efficacy of a recently introduced octenidine-containing mouthrinse (Octenidol®) in comparison with established antiseptic mouthrinses. MATERIALS AND METHODS In a 4-day plaque-regrowth study employing a four-replicate cross-over design, a 0.1 % octenidine mouthrinse (Octenidol®/OCT-MR) was compared with a 0.12 % chlorhexidine mouthrinse (Paroex®/CHX-MR), an essential oil mouthrinse (Listerine®/EO-MR), and a placebo mouthrinse/P-MR. Plaque regrowth was assessed with a modified Quigley-Hein plaque index. The antibacterial effect was assessed by taking bacterial counts from the tooth surface and oral mucosa after professional tooth cleaning and after first rinsing with the allocated mouthrinse on days 1 and 5. Sixteen volunteers suspended tooth cleaning and rinsed twice daily with the allocated mouthrinse for 4 days. RESULTS All tested antiseptic mouthrinses were significantly more effective than the placebo mouthrinse in inhibiting plaque, but no significant differences were observed between OCT-MR and CHX-MR, OCT-MR and EO-MR, and CHX-MR and EO-MR. After 4 days, comparable bacterial count levels were found on both the tooth surface and mucosa applying OCT-MR and CHX-MR, which were significantly lower than that of EO-MR and P-MR. CONCLUSION Octenidol® and Paroex® showed comparable antibacterial and antiplaque efficacy in the human oral cavity. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The recently introduced octenidine-containing mouthrinse Octenidol® may become a suitable alternative to 0.12 % chlorhexidine-containing mouthrinses such as Paroex®.
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Abstract
In the next few years there will be a great increase in the percentage of the population aged over 65. Not only will they have more teeth than previous generations, but also a large number of implants. The increase in age is accompanied by an increase in the prevalence and incidence of periodontal diseases. In addition, there is a decrease in manual dexterity and an increase in co-morbidity and medications affecting the oral cavity. Dental care in aged care facilities can be poor and access to dental professionals difficult. This article discusses these issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Darby
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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58
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Slots J. Periodontal herpesviruses: prevalence, pathogenicity, systemic risk. Periodontol 2000 2015; 69:28-45. [DOI: 10.1111/prd.12085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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59
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Full-mouth ultrasonic debridement associated with povidone iodine rinsing in GAgP treatment: a randomised clinical trial. Clin Oral Investig 2015; 20:141-50. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-015-1471-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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60
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Bhatia A, Sharma RK, Tewari S, Khurana H, Narula SC. Effect of Fluoxetine on Periodontal Status in Patients With Depression: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study. J Periodontol 2015; 86:927-35. [PMID: 25812910 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2015.140706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fluoxetine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, has been reported to reduce periodontal disease severity in a rat ligature-induced periodontitis model. The objective of the present study is to investigate the influence of fluoxetine intake on periodontal parameters in patients with periodontitis with clinical depression. METHODS A sample of 236 patients with chronic periodontitis and clinical depression were assessed for clinical parameters of periodontal disease. Of these, 115 patients were taking fluoxetine (20 mg/day) for ≥2 months, and 121 patients were not. Participants taking fluoxetine were further analyzed for correlation between duration of drug intake and periodontal parameters. RESULTS All periodontal parameters, except plaque index, were significantly lower in participants taking fluoxetine (P <0.01). Partial correlation analysis, adjusted for confounders, revealed a significant and negative correlation between duration of fluoxetine intake and attachment loss (AL) (R(2) = -0.321, P <0.05). Logistic regression analysis revealed that fluoxetine intake was associated with a lower risk of having AL ≥3 (odds ratio [OR] = 0.55, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.31 to 0.96) and lower odds of increased bleeding on probing (BOP) percentage values (OR = 0.62, 95% CI = 0.34 to 0.97). CONCLUSION In this observational study, use of fluoxetine was associated with lower BOP percentages and reduced AL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anu Bhatia
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Implantology, Post Graduate Institute of Dental Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Rajinder K Sharma
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Implantology, Post Graduate Institute of Dental Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Shikha Tewari
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Implantology, Post Graduate Institute of Dental Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Hitesh Khurana
- Department of Psychiatry, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Satish C Narula
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Implantology, Post Graduate Institute of Dental Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, India
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61
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Jang YE, Lee MY, Park SK, Kim YJ, Lee GY, Kim CB, Kim NH. A 7-year study of the regional distribution of differences in scaling experience rate among Koreans. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.11149/jkaoh.2015.39.3.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Young-Eun Jang
- Graduate School, Department of Dental Hygiene, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
| | - Min-Young Lee
- Graduate School, Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
| | - Su-kyung Park
- Graduate School, Department of Dental Hygiene, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
| | - Yeun-Ju Kim
- Graduate School, Department of Health Administration, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
| | - Ga-Yeung Lee
- Graduate School, Department of Dental Hygiene, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
| | - Chun-Bae Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Nam-Hee Kim
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
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62
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Contreras A, Moreno SM, Jaramillo A, Pelaez M, Duque A, Botero JE, Slots J. Periodontal microbiology in Latin America. Periodontol 2000 2014; 67:58-86. [DOI: 10.1111/prd.12074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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63
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Bhansali RS. Non-surgical periodontal therapy: An update on current evidence. World J Stomatol 2014; 3:38-51. [DOI: 10.5321/wjs.v3.i4.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Revised: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontal disease is an inflammatory condition that involves a complex interaction between pathogenic bacteria, environmental and acquired factors and host related factors. Till recently periodontal treatment was directed primarily towards reduction of bacterial load by subgingival debridement of root surfaces and modification of environmental risk factors. The current paradigm of periodontal disease stresses greater role of host-mediated inflammatory response in tissue destruction characteristic of periodontal disease. Various therapeutic modalities have been developed adjuvant to mechanical periodontal therapy. The use of laser and photodynamic therapy show great promise but their effectiveness has still not been conclusively proven. Chemotherapeutic agents, either systemic and local antimicrobials or host modulating drugs, played pivotal role in better and more predictable management of periodontal disease. The present review focuses on the best available evidence, for the current management of the chronic periodontal patients, gathered from systematic reviews and meta-analysis of mechanical non surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) (subgingival debridement, laser therapy and photodynamic therapy) and the adjunctive chemotherapeutic approaches such as systematic and local antibiotics and antiseptics, subgingival pocket irrigation and host modulation therapies. The review also attempts to briefly introduce future developments in some of these modalities. At the end, the review summarizes the analysis of the current evidence that suggests that thorough subgingival debridement remains the mainstay of NSPT and that adjunct use of chemotherapeutic agents may offer better management of clinical parameters in periodontitis patients.
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Abstract
Physicians may encounter patients with dental and periodontal diseases in the context of outpatient medical practice. It is important for physicians to be aware of common dental and periodontal conditions and be able to assess for the presence and severity of these diseases. This article reviews common dental and periodontal conditions, their cardinal signs and symptoms, outpatient-setting assessment techniques, as well as common methods of treatment. Physicians detecting gross abnormalities on clinical examination should refer the patient to a dentist for further evaluation and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel M Laudenbach
- Oral Medicine and Geriatric Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, 309 East Second Street, Pomona, CA 91766, USA; Private Oral Medicine Practice, 350 S. Beverly Drive, Suite 160, Beverly Hills, CA 90212, USA; Department of Surgery - Dentistry, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA.
| | - Ziv Simon
- Department of Continuing Education, Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, 925 West 34th Street, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; Private Practice Limited to Periodontics and Dental Implants, 9400 Brighton Way, #311, Beverly Hills, CA 90210, USA
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65
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Gurav AN. The implication of periodontitis in vascular endothelial dysfunction. Eur J Clin Invest 2014; 44:1000-9. [PMID: 25104241 DOI: 10.1111/eci.12322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periodontitis is the most common oral infection seen in humans worldwide. It is characterized by gradual destruction of tooth supporting tissues, eventually leading to loss of tooth. The periodontal biofilm associated with periodontitis comprises of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, instrumental for the initiation and progression of periodontitis. Evidence-based literature has identified the nature of periodontal infection as a possible causative condition in the inducement of 'low-grade systemic inflammation and infection'. The periodontal pathogens exert systemic effects via the haematogenous route. AIM The present review provides an insight into the pathophysiology of the endothelial dysfunction with reference to periodontal infection and highlights the association between periodontitis and endothelial dysfunction. Various studies addressing the implication of periodontitis on endothelial dysfunction will be described, with a focus of periodontal treatment on improvement of endothelial function. MATERIALS AND METHODS Studies examining the effects of periodontitis on vascular endothelial function were segregated. Studies conducted on both animal and human models were identified using MEDLINE database search with key search terms such as 'Periodontitis', 'vascular endothelium', 'endothelial dysfunction', 'periodontal bacteria' and 'periodontal therapy'. Systematic reviews and meta-analysis were also screened. Only studies published in English language were considered. The review has been prepared by screening MEDLINE database from 1989 to 2012. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Chronic periodontitis results in altered vascular response, increased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and adhesion molecules inducing vascular endothelial dysfunction. Periodontal therapy may ameliorate the perturbed vascular endothelial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijit N Gurav
- Department of Periodontics, Tatyasaheb Kore Dental College & Research Centre, Kolhapur, India
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66
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Lee MY, Chang SJ, Kim CB, Chung WG, Choi EM, Kim NH. Community periodontal treatment needs in South Korea. Int J Dent Hyg 2014; 13:254-60. [DOI: 10.1111/idh.12102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M-Y Lee
- Department of Dental Hygiene; The Graduate School; Yonsei University; Seoul Korea
- Department of Preventive Medicine; Institute of Occupational & Environmental Medicine; Wonju College of Medicine; Yonsei University; Wonju Korea
| | - S-J Chang
- Department of Preventive Medicine; Institute of Occupational & Environmental Medicine; Wonju College of Medicine; Yonsei University; Wonju Korea
| | - C-B Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine; Institute for Poverty Alleviation and International Development (IPAID); Wonju College of Medicine; Yonsei University; Wonju Korea
| | - W-G Chung
- Department of Dental Hygiene; Wonju College of Medicine; Yonsei University; Wonju Korea
| | - E-M Choi
- Department of Dental Hygiene; Kyungdong University; Wonju Korea
| | - N-H Kim
- Department of Dental Hygiene; Wonju College of Medicine; Yonsei University; Wonju Korea
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67
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Langford G. Promoting patient empowerment and self-efficacy to achieve successful non-surgical periodontal outcomes. Prim Dent J 2014; 3:34-37. [PMID: 25198636 DOI: 10.1308/205016814812736691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
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68
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Gonzalez S, Cohen CL, Galván M, Alonaizan FA, Rich SK, Slots J. Gingival bleeding on probing: relationship to change in periodontal pocket depth and effect of sodium hypochlorite oral rinse. J Periodontal Res 2014; 50:397-402. [DOI: 10.1111/jre.12219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Gonzalez
- Graduate Periodontology Clinic; Ostrow School of Dentistry of USC; Los Angeles CA USA
| | - C. L. Cohen
- Graduate Periodontology Clinic; Ostrow School of Dentistry of USC; Los Angeles CA USA
| | - M. Galván
- Graduate Periodontology Clinic; Ostrow School of Dentistry of USC; Los Angeles CA USA
| | - F. A. Alonaizan
- Graduate Endodontic Clinic; Ostrow School of Dentistry of USC; Los Angeles CA USA
| | - S. K. Rich
- Graduate Periodontology Clinic; Ostrow School of Dentistry of USC; Los Angeles CA USA
| | - J. Slots
- Graduate Periodontology Clinic; Ostrow School of Dentistry of USC; Los Angeles CA USA
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69
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The in Vitro Antimicrobial Efficacy of Propolis against Four Oral Pathogens: A Review. Dent J (Basel) 2014. [DOI: 10.3390/dj2030085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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70
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Abstract
Periodontitis is an infectious disease that affects the tooth-supporting tissues and exhibits a wide range of clinical, microbiological and immunological manifestations. The disease is associated with and is probably caused by a multifaceted dynamic interaction of specific infectious agents, host immune responses, harmful environmental exposure and genetic susceptibility factors. This volume of Periodontology 2000 covers key subdisciplines of periodontology, ranging from etiopathogeny to therapy, with emphasis on diagnosis, classification, epidemiology, risk factors, microbiology, immunology, systemic complications, anti-infective therapy, reparative treatment, self-care and affordability issues. Learned and unlearned concepts of periodontitis over the past 50 years have shaped our current understanding of the etiology of the disease and of clinical practice.
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71
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Heitz-Mayfield LJA, Lang NP. Surgical and nonsurgical periodontal therapy. Learned and unlearned concepts. Periodontol 2000 2014; 62:218-31. [PMID: 23574468 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This review aims to highlight concepts relating to nonsurgical and surgical periodontal therapy, which have been learned and unlearned over the past few decades. A number of treatment procedures, such as gingival curettage and aggressive removal of contaminated root cementum, have been unlearned. Advances in technology have resulted in the introduction of a range of new methods for use in nonsurgical periodontal therapy, including machine-driven instruments, lasers, antimicrobial photodynamic therapy and local antimicrobial-delivery devices. However, these methods have not been shown to offer significant benefits over and above nonsurgical debridement using hand instruments. The method of debridement is therefore largely dependent on the preferences of the operator and the patient. Recent evidence indicates that specific systemic antimicrobials may be indicated for use as adjuncts to nonsurgical debridement in patients with advanced disease. Full-mouth disinfection protocols have been proven to be a relevant treatment option. We have learned that while nonsurgical and surgical methods result in similar long-term treatment outcomes, surgical therapy results in greater probing-depth reduction and clinical attachment gain in initially deep pockets. The surgical technique chosen seems to have limited influence upon changes in clinical attachment gain. What has not changed is the importance of thorough mechanical debridement and optimal plaque control for successful nonsurgical and surgical periodontal therapy.
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72
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Belibasakis GN, Thurnheer T. Validation of Antibiotic Efficacy on In Vitro Subgingival Biofilms. J Periodontol 2014; 85:343-8. [DOI: 10.1902/jop.2013.130167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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73
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Schwarzberg K, Le R, Bharti B, Lindsay S, Casaburi G, Salvatore F, Saber MH, Alonaizan F, Slots J, Gottlieb RA, Caporaso JG, Kelley ST. The personal human oral microbiome obscures the effects of treatment on periodontal disease. PLoS One 2014; 9:e86708. [PMID: 24489772 PMCID: PMC3906071 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0086708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a progressive disease of the periodontium with a complex, polymicrobial etiology. Recent Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) studies of the microbial diversity associated with periodontitis have revealed strong, community-level differences in bacterial assemblages associated with healthy or diseased periodontal sites. In this study, we used NGS approaches to characterize changes in periodontal pocket bacterial diversity after standard periodontal treatment. Despite consistent changes in the abundance of certain taxa in individuals whose condition improved with treatment, post-treatment samples retained the highest similarity to pre-treatment samples from the same individual. Deeper phylogenetic analysis of periodontal pathogen-containing genera Prevotella and Fusobacterium found both unexpected diversity and differential treatment response among species. Our results highlight how understanding interpersonal variability among microbiomes is necessary for determining how polymicrobial diseases respond to treatment and disturbance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Schwarzberg
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Rosalin Le
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Balambal Bharti
- Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Suzanne Lindsay
- Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Giorgio Casaburi
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate, Napoli, Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Francesco Salvatore
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate, Napoli, Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Mohamed H. Saber
- Section of Endodontics, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry of USC, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Faisal Alonaizan
- Section of Endodontics, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry of USC, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Jørgen Slots
- Professor of Dentistry and Microbiology, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry of USC, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Roberta A. Gottlieb
- BioScience Center, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - J. Gregory Caporaso
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, United States of America
- Institute for Genomics and Systems Biology, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Scott T. Kelley
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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74
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Mumghamba EG. Integrating a primary oral health care approach in the dental curriculum: a Tanzanian experience. Med Princ Pract 2014; 23 Suppl 1:69-77. [PMID: 24246734 PMCID: PMC5586945 DOI: 10.1159/000355520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper is based on a conference presentation made during the inauguration of the Faculty of Dentistry, Kuwait University, as a World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Primary Oral Health Care (POHC) on November 27-28, 2012. The aim of this paper is to review how the POHC approach has been integrated into the dental curriculum, sharing the Tanzanian experience as a case presentation from a developing country. The burden of oral diseases worldwide is high, and the current oral health workforce is inadequate to meet the challenges. Curative oral health care is very costly and not accessible to the poor and minorities. To tackle the problem, the POHC approach rooted in primary health care that emphasizes equity, community involvement, prevention, appropriate technology and a multi-sectorial approach was developed and has been operating for more than 3 decades now. Execution of a comprehensive POHC requires a trained oral health workforce mix with essential competencies. For this case study, a literature search was done using the search engines subscribed to by the library of Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, including PubMed, Cochrane, ScienceDirect and Scopus, Wiley-Blackwell Interscience, Sage and the Health InterNetwork Access to Research Initiative (HINARI) that gives access to Scirus and Google Scholar. Challenges are discussed with an emphasis more on addressing the common risk factors and determinants of oral health. Integration of the POHC approach in the dental curriculum for training a competent workforce is crucial in attaining better oral health. Resources are still a major challenge, and the impact of the POHC approach in the curriculum is yet to be evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elifuraha G. Mumghamba
- * Elifuraha G. Mumghamba, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, PO Box 65014, Dar es Salaam (Tanzania), E-Mail
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75
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López NJ, Quintero A, Casanova PA, Martínez B. Routine prophylaxes every 3 months improves chronic periodontitis status in type 2 diabetes. J Periodontol 2013; 85:e232-40. [PMID: 24354651 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2013.130400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periodontitis and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are major health problems, especially in low-income populations with little access to dental care. Low-cost models for treatment of periodontal disease have not been tested in controlled studies in low-income populations. Dental prophylaxis, which includes removal of supragingival calculus and plaque, has been shown to arrest the progression of periodontitis. A controlled clinical trial was conducted to determine the effect of dental prophylaxis on periodontitis in T2DM. METHODS Twenty-six patients with T2DM and chronic periodontitis (CP) and 26 without T2DM with CP were selected. Periodontal probing depth (PD), gingival bleeding on probing (BOP), clinical attachment level (CAL), and surfaces with plaque were recorded at baseline and 3, 6, and 9 months after initial treatment. All the participants received instructions on oral hygiene and one session of dental prophylaxis at baseline and every 3 months. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels were measured at baseline and every 3 months in patients with T2DM. RESULTS A significant improvement of PD, BOP, and sites with plaque was observed 3 months after treatment in patients with T2DM (P = 0.001). In controls, mean PD significantly improved after 6 months compared with baseline (P = 0.001). No significant improvement of CAL occurred in either group. No significant differences in periodontal parameters between the groups were detected, and no participant showed progression of CP during the 9-month study period. Dental prophylaxis did not influence HbA1c levels, and no association among HbA1c concentration, pretreatment metabolic status, and severity of CP was found. CONCLUSION Routine prophylaxes every 3 months significantly improve periodontal health and prevent progression of CP in both poorly controlled and well-controlled patients with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Néstor J López
- Currently, Department of Research and Postgraduate Studies, Faculty of Dentistry, University Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile; previously, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Galván M, Gonzalez S, Cohen CL, Alonaizan FA, Chen CTL, Rich SK, Slots J. Periodontal effects of 0.25% sodium hypochlorite twice-weekly oral rinse. A pilot study. J Periodontal Res 2013; 49:696-702. [DOI: 10.1111/jre.12151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Galván
- Graduate Periodontology Clinic; Ostrow School of Dentistry of USC; Los Angeles CA USA
| | - S. Gonzalez
- Graduate Periodontology Clinic; Ostrow School of Dentistry of USC; Los Angeles CA USA
| | - C. L. Cohen
- Graduate Periodontology Clinic; Ostrow School of Dentistry of USC; Los Angeles CA USA
| | - F. A. Alonaizan
- Graduate Endodontic Clinic; Ostrow School of Dentistry of USC; Los Angeles CA USA
| | - C. T-L. Chen
- Graduate Periodontology Clinic; Ostrow School of Dentistry of USC; Los Angeles CA USA
| | - S. K. Rich
- Graduate Periodontology Clinic; Ostrow School of Dentistry of USC; Los Angeles CA USA
| | - J. Slots
- Graduate Periodontology Clinic; Ostrow School of Dentistry of USC; Los Angeles CA USA
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Magnolol ameliorates ligature-induced periodontitis in rats and osteoclastogenesis: in vivo and in vitro study. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:634095. [PMID: 23573141 PMCID: PMC3618931 DOI: 10.1155/2013/634095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2012] [Revised: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Periodontal disease characterized by alveolar bone resorption and bacterial pathogen-evoked inflammatory response has been believed to have an important impact on human oral health. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether magnolol, a main constituent of Magnolia officinalis, could inhibit the pathological features in ligature-induced periodontitis in rats and osteoclastogenesis. The sterile, 3–0 (diameter; 0.2 mm) black braided silk thread, was placed around the cervix of the upper second molars bilaterally and knotted medially to induce periodontitis. The morphological changes around the ligated molars and alveolar bone were examined by micro-CT. The distances between the amelocemental junction and the alveolar crest of the upper second molars bilaterally were measured to evaluate the alveolar bone loss. Administration of magnolol (100 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly inhibited alveolar bone resorption, the number of osteoclasts on bony surface, and protein expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL), a key mediator promoting osteoclast differentiation, in ligated rats. Moreover, the ligature-induced neutrophil infiltration, expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 and MMP-9, superoxide formation, and nuclear factor-κB activation in inflamed gingival tissues were all attenuated by magnolol. In the in vitro study, magnolol also inhibited the growth of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans that are key pathogens initiating periodontal disease. Furthermore, magnolol dose dependently reduced RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation from RAW264.7 macrophages, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity of differentiated cells accompanied by a significant attenuation of resorption pit area caused by osteoclasts. Collectively, we demonstrated for the first time that magnolol significantly ameliorates the alveolar bone loss in ligature-induced experimental periodontitis by suppressing periodontopathic microorganism accumulation, NF-κB-mediated inflammatory mediator synthesis, RANKL formation, and osteoclastogenesis. These activities support that magnolol is a potential agent to treat periodontal disease.
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De Nardo R, Chiappe V, Gómez M, Romanelli H, Slots J. Effects of 0.05% sodium hypochlorite oral rinse on supragingival biofilm and gingival inflammation. Int Dent J 2012; 62:208-12. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1875-595x.2011.00111.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
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