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Wu W, Shan Z, Wang R, Chang G, Wang M, Wu R, Li Z, Zhang C, Li W, Wang S. Overexpression of miR-223 inhibits foam cell formation by inducing autophagy in vascular smooth muscle cells. Am J Transl Res 2019; 11:4326-4336. [PMID: 31396338 PMCID: PMC6684933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) play an important role in foam cell formation, a hallmark of atherosclerosis obliterans (ASO). We recently demonstrated that miR-223 is significantly upregulated both in atherosclerotic arteries and in the serum sample of ASO patients. However, it is still unknown if miR-223 is implicated in the foam cell formation of VSMCs. The current study aimed to investigate the role of miR-223 in the foam cell formation of VSMCs. METHODS Artery and serum samples were collected from ASO patients. Human VSMCs were isolated from the normal arteries of healthy donors. For miR-223 overexpression, miR-223 mimic was transfected into VSMCs using Lipofectamine 2000. Foam cell formation was evaluated by lipid accumulation using Oil Red O staining. Luciferase assay was adopted to confirm the target gene of miRNA. RESULTS miR-223 was significantly upregulated in both the arteries and serum samples from ASO patients. miR-223 overexpression significantly inhibited the foam cell formation and decreased total intracellular cholesterol levels in VSMCs. miR-223 overexpression induced autophagy of VSMCs. Blocking autophagy by 3-methyladenine or autophagy-related 7 (Atg7) siRNAs attenuated the inhibitory effect of miR-223 overexpression on foam cell formation. Luciferase assay showed that IGF-1R is a direct target of miR-223. miR-223 overexpression reduced protein levels of IGF-1R expression and the phosphorylated form of PI3K and Akt proteins. CONCLUSIONS miR-223 overexpression inhibited foam cell formation in VSMCs, at least partially, via inducing autophagy. The IGF-1R/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway may be also involved in this mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weibin Wu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Laboratory of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhen Shan
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Laboratory of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Laboratory of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Guangqi Chang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Laboratory of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Mian Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Laboratory of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Ridong Wu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Laboratory of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Zilun Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Laboratory of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Chunxiang Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at BirminghamBirmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Wen Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Laboratory of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Disease, and Vascular Surgical Disease Research Center of Guangdong ProvinceGuangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shenming Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Laboratory of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Disease, and Vascular Surgical Disease Research Center of Guangdong ProvinceGuangzhou, Guangdong, China
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NPS2390, a Selective Calcium-sensing Receptor Antagonist Controls the Phenotypic Modulation of Hypoxic Human Pulmonary Arterial Smooth Muscle Cells by Regulating Autophagy. J Transl Int Med 2019; 7:59-68. [PMID: 31380238 PMCID: PMC6661874 DOI: 10.2478/jtim-2019-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives Calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) is known to regulate hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension (HPH) and vascular remodeling via the phenotypic modulation of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) in small pulmonary arteries. Moreover, autophagy is an essential modulator of VSMC phenotype. But it is not clear whether CaSR can regulate autophagy involving the phenotypic modulation under hypoxia. Methods The viability of human PASMCs was detected by cell cycle and BrdU. The expressions of proliferation protein, phenotypic marker protein, and autophagy protein in human PASMCs were determined by western blot. Results Our results showed that hypoxia-induced autophagy was considerable at 24 h. The addition of NPS2390 decreased the expression of autophagy protein and synthetic phenotype marker protein osteopontin and increased the expression of contractile phenotype marker protein SMA-ɑ and calponin via suppressing downstream PI3K/Akt/mTOR signal pathways. Conclusions Our study demonstrates that treatment of NPS2390 was conducive to inhibit the proliferation and reverse phenotypic modulation of PASMCs by regulating autophagy levels.
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Luo H, Han L, Xu J. Apelin/APJ system: A novel promising target for neurodegenerative diseases. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:638-657. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huaiqing Luo
- Department of Physiology Changsha Medical University Changsha Hunan China
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Science Central South University Changsha Hunan China
| | - Li Han
- Department of Physiology Changsha Medical University Changsha Hunan China
| | - Jin Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Changsha Medical University Changsha Hunan China
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Zhang CF, Zhao FY, Xu SL, Liu J, Xing XQ, Yang J. Autophagy in pulmonary hypertension: Emerging roles and therapeutic implications. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:16755-16767. [PMID: 30932199 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is an important mechanism for cellular self-digestion and basal homeostasis. This gene- and modulator-regulated pathway is conserved in cells. Recently, several studies have shown that autophagic dysfunction is associated with pulmonary hypertension (PH). However, the relationship between autophagy and PH remains controversial. In this review, we mainly introduce the effects of autophagy-related genes and some regulatory molecules on PH and the relationship between autophagy and PH under the conditions of hypoxia, monocrotaline injection, thromboembolic stress, oxidative stress, and other drugs and toxins. The effects of other autophagy-related drugs, such as chloroquine, 3-methyladenine, rapamycin, and other potential therapeutic drugs and targets, in PH are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Fang Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, The Second People's Hospital of Yunnan, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Fang-Yun Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Yan'An Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Shuang-Lan Xu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, The Second People's Hospital of Yunnan, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, The Second People's Hospital of Yunnan, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xi-Qian Xing
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, The Second People's Hospital of Yunnan, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jiao Yang
- First Department of Respiratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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Sabry MM, Ramadan NM, Al Dreny BA, Rashed LA, Abo El Enein A. Protective effect of apelin preconditioning in a rat model of hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury; possible interaction between the apelin/APJ system, Ang II/AT1R system and eNOS. United European Gastroenterol J 2019; 7:689-698. [PMID: 31210947 DOI: 10.1177/2050640619826847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Hepatic ischemic reperfusion injury occurs in multiple clinical settings. Novel potential protective agents are still needed to attenuate this injury. Apelin preconditioning protects against ischemic reperfusion injury in different organs. However, the protective mechanism of apelin on hepatic ischemic reperfusion injury is not yet clear. Aim Evaluate the effect of apelin-13 preconditioning on hepatic ischemic reperfusion injury and clarify possible interactions between apelinergic, renin-angiotensin systems and endothelial nitric oxide synthase. Methods In total, 60 rats were assigned to four groups: control sham-operated, ischemic reperfusion, apelin-treated ischemic reperfusion and apelin + N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester-treated ischemic reperfusion. Apelin 2 µg/kg/day and N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester 10 mg/kg/day were injected intraperitoneally daily for 3 days and 2 weeks respectively before hepatic ischemic reperfusion. Serum aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, hepatic malondialdehyde, apelin, gene expression of caspase-3, endothelial nitric oxide synthase and angiotensin type 1 receptor and liver histopathology were compared between groups. Results Apelin significantly reduced serum aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, hepatic malondialdehyde, caspase-3 and angiotensin type 1 receptor expression, whereas hepatic apelin and endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression were significantly increased with improved hepatic histopathology. N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester co-administration partially reversed this hepatoprotective effect. Conclusion Apelin-13 reduced hepatic ischemic reperfusion injury. This protection could be related to the suppression of hepatic angiotensin type 1 receptor expression and elevation of hepatic apelin level and endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression, which counteracts the pathologic effects of Ang II/angiotensin type 1 receptor. An interaction exists between apelinergic, renin-angiotensin systems and endothelial nitric oxide synthase in hepatic ischemic reperfusion pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha M Sabry
- Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Kuba K, Sato T, Imai Y, Yamaguchi T. Apelin and Elabela/Toddler; double ligands for APJ/Apelin receptor in heart development, physiology, and pathology. Peptides 2019; 111:62-70. [PMID: 29684595 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2018.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Apelin is an endogenous peptide ligand for the G protein-coupled receptor APJ/AGTRL1/APLNR and is widely expressed throughout human body. In adult hearts Apelin-APJ/Apelin receptor axis is potently inotropic, vasodilatory, and pro-angiogenic and thereby contributes to maintaining homeostasis in normal and pathological hearts. Apelin-APJ/Apelin receptor is also involved in heart development including endoderm differentiation, heart morphogenesis, and coronary vascular formation. APJ/Apelin receptor had been originally identified as an orphan receptor for its sequence similarity to Angiotensin II type 1 receptor, and it was later deorphanized by identification of Apelin in 1998. Both Apelin and Angiotensin II are substrates for Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which degrades the peptides and thus negatively regulates their agonistic activities. Elabela/Toddler, which shares little sequence homology with Apelin, has been recently identified as a second endogenous APJ ligand. Elabela plays crucial roles in heart development and disease conditions presumably at time points or at areas of the heart different from Apelin. Apelin and Elabela seem to constitute a spatiotemporal double ligand system to control APJ/Apelin receptor signaling in the heart. These expanding knowledges of Apelin systems would further encourage therapeutic applications of Apelin, Elabela, or their synthetic derivatives for cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiji Kuba
- Department of Biochemistry and Metabolic Science, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita 010-8543, Japan.
| | - Teruki Sato
- Department of Biochemistry and Metabolic Science, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita 010-8543, Japan; Department of Cardiology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita 010-8543, Japan
| | - Yumiko Imai
- Laboratory of Regulation of Intractable Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0085, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Yamaguchi
- Department of Biochemistry and Metabolic Science, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita 010-8543, Japan
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Tang H, Wu K, Wang J, Vinjamuri S, Gu Y, Song S, Wang Z, Zhang Q, Balistrieri A, Ayon RJ, Rischard F, Vanderpool R, Chen J, Zhou G, Desai AA, Black SM, Garcia JGN, Yuan JXJ, Makino A. Pathogenic Role of mTORC1 and mTORC2 in Pulmonary Hypertension. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2018; 3:744-762. [PMID: 30623134 PMCID: PMC6314964 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2018.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors and tyrosine kinase receptors signal through the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt/mTOR pathway to induce cell proliferation, survival, and growth. mTOR is a kinase present in 2 functionally distinct complexes, mTORC1 and mTORC2. Functional disruption of mTORC1 by knockout of Raptor (regulatory associated protein of mammalian target of rapamycin) in smooth muscle cells ameliorated the development of experimental PH. Functional disruption of mTORC2 by knockout of Rictor (rapamycin insensitive companion of mammalian target of rapamycin) caused spontaneous PH by up-regulating platelet-derived growth factor receptors. Use of mTOR inhibitors (e.g., rapamycin) to treat PH should be accompanied by inhibitors of platelet-derived growth factor receptors (e.g., imatinib).
Concentric lung vascular wall thickening due to enhanced proliferation of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells is an important pathological cause for the elevated pulmonary vascular resistance reported in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. We identified a differential role of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) complex 1 and complex 2, two functionally distinct mTOR complexes, in the development of pulmonary hypertension (PH). Inhibition of mTOR complex 1 attenuated the development of PH; however, inhibition of mTOR complex 2 caused spontaneous PH, potentially due to up-regulation of platelet-derived growth factor receptors in pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells, and compromised the therapeutic effect of the mTOR inhibitors on PH. In addition, we describe a promising therapeutic strategy using combination treatment with the mTOR inhibitors and the platelet-derived growth factor receptor inhibitors on PH and right ventricular hypertrophy. The data from this study provide an important mechanism-based perspective for developing novel therapies for patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension and right heart failure.
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Key Words
- EC, endothelial cell
- FOXO3a, Forkhead box O3a
- GPCR, G protein-coupled receptor
- HPH, hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension
- PA, pulmonary artery
- PAEC, pulmonary arterial endothelial cell
- PAH, pulmonary arterial hypertension
- PASMC, pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell
- PDGF, platelet-derived growth factor
- PDGFR, platelet-derived growth factor receptor
- PH, pulmonary hypertension
- PI3K, phosphoinositide 3-kinase
- PTEN, phosphatase and tensin homolog
- PVR, pulmonary vascular resistance
- RVH, right ventricular hypertrophy
- RVSP, right ventricular systolic pressure
- Raptor
- Raptor, regulatory associated protein of mammalian target of rapamycin
- Rictor
- Rictor, rapamycin insensitive companion of mammalian target of rapamycin
- SM, smooth muscle
- TKR, tyrosine kinase receptor
- WT, wild-type
- mTOR
- mTORC1, mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1
- mTORC2, mammalian target of rapamycin complex 2
- pAKT, phosphorylated AKT
- pulmonary hypertension
- right ventricle
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Tang
- Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona.,State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kang Wu
- Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona.,State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona.,State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sujana Vinjamuri
- Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Yali Gu
- Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Shanshan Song
- Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Ziyi Wang
- Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona.,State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona.,State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Physiology, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Angela Balistrieri
- Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Ramon J Ayon
- Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Franz Rischard
- Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona.,Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Rebecca Vanderpool
- Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Jiwang Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Guofei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ankit A Desai
- Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Stephen M Black
- Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona.,Department of Physiology, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Joe G N Garcia
- Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona.,Department of Physiology, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona.,Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Jason X-J Yuan
- Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona.,State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Physiology, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Ayako Makino
- Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona.,Department of Physiology, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona
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Huang X, Mao W, Zhang T, Wang M, Wang X, Li Y, Zhang L, Yao D, Cai X, Wang L. Baicalin promotes apoptosis and inhibits proliferation and migration of hypoxia-induced pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells by up-regulating A2a receptor via the SDF-1/CXCR4 signaling pathway. Altern Ther Health Med 2018; 18:330. [PMID: 30541517 PMCID: PMC6292092 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-018-2364-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Baicalin is a flavonoid compound that exerts specific pharmacological effect in attenuating the proliferation, migration, and apoptotic resistance of hypoxia-induced pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs). However, the underlying mechanism has not been fully elucidated yet. Although our previous studies had indicated that activation of A2aR attenuates CXCR expression, little is known about the relationship between A2aR and SDF-1/CXCR4 axis in hypoxic PASMCs. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of A2aR on the SDF-1/CXCR4 axis in hypoxic PASMCs, the mechanism underlying this effect, and whether baicalin exerts its protective functions though A2aR. Methods Rat PASMCs were cultured under normoxia/hypoxia and divided into nine groups: normoxia, hypoxia, hypoxia + AMD3100 (a CXCR4 antagonist), hypoxia + baicalin, hypoxia + negative virus, normoxia + A2aR knockdown, hypoxia + A2aR knockdown, hypoxia + CGS21680 (an A2aR agonist), and hypoxia + A2aR knockdown + baicalin. Lentiviral transfection methods were used to establish the A2aR knockdown model in PASMCs. Cells were incubated under hypoxic conditions for 24 h. Expression levels of A2aR, SDF-1, and CXCR4 were detected using RT-qPCR and western blot. The proliferation and migration rate were observed via CCK-8 and Transwell methods. Cell cycle distribution and cell apoptosis were measured by flow cytometry (FCM) and the In-Situ Cell Death Detection kit (Fluorescein). Results Under hypoxic conditions, levels of A2aR, SDF-1, and CXCR4 were significantly increased compared to those under normoxia. The trend of SDF-1 and CXCR4 being inhibited when A2aR is up-regulated was more obvious in the baicalin intervention group. Baicalin directly enhanced A2aR expression, and A2aR knockdown weakened the function of baicalin. SDF-1 and CXCR4 expression levels were increased in the hypoxia + A2aR knockdown group, as were the proliferation and migration rates of PASMCs, while the apoptotic rate was decreased. Baicalin and CGS21680 showed opposite effects. Conclusions Our data indicate that baicalin efficiently attenuates hypoxia-induced PASMC proliferation, migration, and apoptotic resistance, as well as SDF-1 secretion, by up-regulating A2aR and down-regulating the SDF-1/CXCR4 axis.
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Zheng J, Li H, He L, Huang Y, Cai J, Chen L, Zhou C, Fu H, Lu T, Zhang Y, Yao J, Yang Y. Preconditioning of umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells by rapamycin increases cell migration and ameliorates liver ischaemia/reperfusion injury in mice via the CXCR4/CXCL12 axis. Cell Prolif 2018; 52:e12546. [PMID: 30537044 PMCID: PMC6496237 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 08/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Transfusion of umbilical cord‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (UC‐MSCs) is a novel strategy for treatment of various liver diseases. However, the therapeutic effect of UC‐MSCs is limited because only a few UC‐MSCs migrate towards the damaged regions. In this study, we observed the effects of autophagy on the migration of UC‐MSCs in vitro and in a model of liver ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Materials and Methods We investigated the effects of autophagy on the status of the cell, release of anti‐inflammatory factors and migration of UC‐MSCs in vitro. The therapeutic effects and in vivo migration of rapamycin‐preconditioned UC‐MSCs were observed in a C57/B6 mouse model of liver I/R injury. Results Induction of autophagy by rapamycin enhanced the ability of UC‐MSCs to migrate and release anti‐inflammatory cytokines as well as increased expression of CXCR4 without affecting cell viability. Inhibition of CXCR4 activation markedly decreased migration of these cells. In a mouse model of liver I/R injury, we found significantly upregulated expression of CXCR12 in the damaged liver. More rapamycin‐preconditioned UC‐MSCs migrated towards the ischaemic regions than 3‐methyladenine‐preconditioned or non‐preconditioned UC‐MSCs, leading to improvement in hepatic performance, pathological changes and levels of inflammatory cytokines. These effects were abolished by AMD3100. Conclusions Preconditioning of UC‐MSCs by rapamycin afforded increased protection against liver I/R injury by enhancing immunosuppression and strengthening the homing and migratory capacity of these cells via the CXCR4/CXCL12 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zheng
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Organ Transplantation Research Center of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Biotherapy and Translational Medicine of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Organ Transplantation Research Center of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Biotherapy and Translational Medicine of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liying He
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiming Huang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Organ Transplantation Research Center of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Biotherapy and Translational Medicine of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianye Cai
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Organ Transplantation Research Center of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Biotherapy and Translational Medicine of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Organ Transplantation Research Center of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Biotherapy and Translational Medicine of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chaorong Zhou
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Organ Transplantation Research Center of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Biotherapy and Translational Medicine of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongyuan Fu
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Organ Transplantation Research Center of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Biotherapy and Translational Medicine of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tongyu Lu
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Organ Transplantation Research Center of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Biotherapy and Translational Medicine of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingcai Zhang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Organ Transplantation Research Center of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Biotherapy and Translational Medicine of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia Yao
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Organ Transplantation Research Center of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Biotherapy and Translational Medicine of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Organ Transplantation Research Center of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Biotherapy and Translational Medicine of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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miR-143 and miR-145 promote hypoxia-induced proliferation and migration of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells through regulating ABCA1 expression. Cardiovasc Pathol 2018; 37:15-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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61
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Wang B, Wu S, Ma Z, Wang T, Yang C. BMSCs pre-treatment ameliorates inflammation-related tissue destruction in LPS-induced rat DIC model. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:1024. [PMID: 30282969 PMCID: PMC6170466 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-1060-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effect of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) on disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) model rats and to further explore the underlying mechanism. A rat model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced DIC was successfully established, as indicated by impaired plasma hemostatic parameters and damaged organ functions in rats. Importantly, pre-treatment with rat allogeneic BMSCs before LPS injection significantly alleviated systemic intravascular coagulation, reduced plasma levels of organ dysfunction indicators and pro-inflammatory cytokines, suppressed fibrin microthrombi formation, ameliorated liver, heart, and renal injuries, and increased 24-hour survival rates in LPS-induced DIC rats. The protection of BMSCs against DIC was in a moderately dose-dependent manner. Further investigation revealed that BMSCs co-cultured with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) significantly inhibited the LPS-stimulated PBMCs proliferation and the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines from PBMCs. Of note, upregulation of immunosuppressive factors including indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase and interleukin-10, which was induced by interferon-γ, contributed to BMSCs-mediated inhibition of LPS-stimulated PBMCs proliferation. These effects do not depend on the direct cell-cell contact. In conclusion, BMSCs pre-treatment ameliorates inflammation-related tissue destruction in LPS-induced DIC model rats. The protection of BMSCs may be attributed to their anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties, which render BMSCs a promising source for stem cell-based therapeutic approaches in inflammation-related DIC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Wenhua West Road, Jinan, Shandong, China.
| | - Shuming Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Wenhua West Road, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zengshan Ma
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Wenhua West Road, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Wenhua West Road, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Changyong Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Wenhua West Road, Jinan, Shandong, China
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62
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Strassheim D, Karoor V, Stenmark K, Verin A, Gerasimovskaya E. A current view of G protein-coupled receptor - mediated signaling in pulmonary hypertension: finding opportunities for therapeutic intervention. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 2. [PMID: 31380505 PMCID: PMC6677404 DOI: 10.20517/2574-1209.2018.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pathological vascular remodeling is observed in various cardiovascular diseases including pulmonary hypertension (PH), a disease of unknown etiology that has been characterized by pulmonary artery vasoconstriction, right ventricular hypertrophy, vascular inflammation, and abnormal angiogenesis in pulmonary circulation. G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest family in the genome and widely expressed in cardiovascular system. They regulate all aspects of PH pathophysiology and represent therapeutic targets. We overview GPCRs function in vasoconstriction, vasodilation, vascular inflammation-driven remodeling and describe signaling cross talk between GPCR, inflammatory cytokines, and growth factors. Overall, the goal of this review is to emphasize the importance of GPCRs as critical signal transducers and targets for drug development in PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek Strassheim
- Departments of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Vijaya Karoor
- Departments of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.,Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research laboratories, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Kurt Stenmark
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research laboratories, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Alexander Verin
- Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Evgenia Gerasimovskaya
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research laboratories, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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63
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64
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Vinel C, Lukjanenko L, Batut A, Deleruyelle S, Pradère JP, Le Gonidec S, Dortignac A, Geoffre N, Pereira O, Karaz S, Lee U, Camus M, Chaoui K, Mouisel E, Bigot A, Mouly V, Vigneau M, Pagano AF, Chopard A, Pillard F, Guyonnet S, Cesari M, Burlet-Schiltz O, Pahor M, Feige JN, Vellas B, Valet P, Dray C. The exerkine apelin reverses age-associated sarcopenia. Nat Med 2018; 24:1360-1371. [PMID: 30061698 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-018-0131-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Sarcopenia, the degenerative loss of skeletal muscle mass, quality and strength, lacks early diagnostic tools and new therapeutic strategies to prevent the frailty-to-disability transition often responsible for the medical institutionalization of elderly individuals. Herein we report that production of the endogenous peptide apelin, induced by muscle contraction, is reduced in an age-dependent manner in humans and rodents and is positively associated with the beneficial effects of exercise in older persons. Mice deficient in either apelin or its receptor (APLNR) presented dramatic alterations in muscle function with increasing age. Various strategies that restored apelin signaling during aging further demonstrated that this peptide considerably enhanced muscle function by triggering mitochondriogenesis, autophagy and anti-inflammatory pathways in myofibers as well as enhancing the regenerative capacity by targeting muscle stem cells. Taken together, these findings revealed positive regulatory feedback between physical activity, apelin and muscle function and identified apelin both as a tool for diagnosis of early sarcopenia and as the target of an innovative pharmacological strategy to prevent age-associated muscle weakness and restore physical autonomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Vinel
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, INSERM U1048, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Laura Lukjanenko
- Aging Department, Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences SA, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Innovation Park, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Aurelie Batut
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, INSERM U1048, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Simon Deleruyelle
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, INSERM U1048, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Pradère
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, INSERM U1048, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Sophie Le Gonidec
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, INSERM U1048, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Alizée Dortignac
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, INSERM U1048, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Nancy Geoffre
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, INSERM U1048, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Ophelie Pereira
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, INSERM U1048, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Sonia Karaz
- Aging Department, Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences SA, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Innovation Park, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Umji Lee
- Aging Department, Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences SA, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Innovation Park, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mylène Camus
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Karima Chaoui
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Etienne Mouisel
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, INSERM U1048, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Anne Bigot
- Institut de Myologie, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris 6 UM76, Univ. Paris 6/U974, UMR7215, CNRS, Pitié-Salpétrière-INSERM, UMRS 974, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Mouly
- Institut de Myologie, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris 6 UM76, Univ. Paris 6/U974, UMR7215, CNRS, Pitié-Salpétrière-INSERM, UMRS 974, Paris, France
| | - Mathieu Vigneau
- Institut des Technologies Avancées en Science du Vivant-USR3505 Centre Pierre Potier, Toulouse, France
| | - Allan F Pagano
- Université de Montpellier, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR866 Dynamique Musculaire et Métabolisme, Montpellier, France
| | - Angèle Chopard
- Université de Montpellier, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR866 Dynamique Musculaire et Métabolisme, Montpellier, France
| | - Fabien Pillard
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, INSERM U1048, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Matteo Cesari
- Gérontopole Toulouse-Purpan UMR 1027, Toulouse, France
| | - Odile Burlet-Schiltz
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Marco Pahor
- Institute on Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jerome N Feige
- Aging Department, Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences SA, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Innovation Park, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Bruno Vellas
- Gérontopole Toulouse-Purpan UMR 1027, Toulouse, France
| | - Philippe Valet
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, INSERM U1048, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Cedric Dray
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, INSERM U1048, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France.
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65
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Yuan Y, Ding D, Zhang N, Xia Z, Wang J, Yang H, Guo F, Li B. TNF-α induces autophagy through ERK1/2 pathway to regulate apoptosis in neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis model cells IEC-6. Cell Cycle 2018; 17:1390-1402. [PMID: 29950141 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2018.1482150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a potentially fatal illness in premature neonates. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and autophagy are associated with the pathogenesis of NEC. This study aimed to explore whether TNF-α might regulate apoptosis in neonatal NEC model cells IEC-6 via regulation of autophagy. NEC rat model was induced by hand feeding and exposure to asphyxia/cold-stress for histologic examination. The NEC in vitro model (IEC-6/NEC cells) was established by stimulating the intestinal epithelial cell line IEC-6 with lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 100 μg/mL) for 3 h to investigate the effects of TNF-α on IEC-6 proliferation and apoptosis. In this study, NEC rats showed decreased proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression, increased TUNEL-positive cells, higher expression of TNF-α, p-ERK1/2, and autophagy-related proteins in rat small intestine compared with their controls. Additionally, the LPS-stimulated IEC-6/NEC cells showed a significantly decreased proliferation and increased apoptosis compared with the control cells. Furthermore, the LPS-stimulated IEC-6/NEC cells exhibited enhanced autophagy level, as evidenced by a dose-dependent increase in Beclin-1 protein expression, LC3II/LC3I ratio and accumulation of MDC-positive autophagic vacuoles. Moreover, inhibition of autophagy by wortmannin or LY294002 significantly abolished the LPS-mediated decreased proliferation and increased apoptosis of IEC-6/NEC cells. Results also showed that inhibition of ERK1/2 pathway using U0126 significantly inhibited TNF-α-induced autophagy. Furthermore, the TNF-α-mediated inhibition of IEC-6 proliferation and promotion of IEC-6 apoptosis was abolished by U0126. Our findings demonstrated that TNF-α might induce autophagy through ERK1/2 pathway to regulate apoptosis in neonatal NEC cells IEC-6. Our study enhances our understanding of neonatal NEC pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhang Yuan
- a Department of Pediatric Surgery , The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , China
| | - Daokui Ding
- a Department of Pediatric Surgery , The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , China
| | - Ning Zhang
- a Department of Pediatric Surgery , The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , China
| | - Ziqiang Xia
- a Department of Pediatric Surgery , The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , China
| | - Jiaxiang Wang
- a Department of Pediatric Surgery , The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , China
| | - Heying Yang
- a Department of Pediatric Surgery , The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , China
| | - Fei Guo
- a Department of Pediatric Surgery , The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , China
| | - Bing Li
- a Department of Pediatric Surgery , The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , China
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66
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Jing X, Jiang T, Dai L, Wang X, Jia L, Wang H, An L, Liu M, Zhang R, Cheng Z. Hypoxia-induced autophagy activation through NF-κB pathway regulates cell proliferation and migration to induce pulmonary vascular remodeling. Exp Cell Res 2018; 368:174-183. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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67
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Gouzi F, Blaquière M, Catteau M, Bughin F, Maury J, Passerieux E, Ayoub B, Mercier J, Hayot M, Pomiès P. Oxidative stress regulates autophagy in cultured muscle cells of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:9629-9639. [PMID: 29943813 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The proteolytic autophagy pathway is enhanced in the lower limb muscles of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been shown to regulate autophagy in the skeletal muscles, but the role of oxidative stress in the muscle autophagy of patients with COPD is unknown. We used cultured myoblasts and myotubes from the quadriceps of eight healthy subjects and twelve patients with COPD (FEV1% predicted: 102.0% and 32.0%, respectively; p < 0.0001). We compared the autophagosome formation, the expression of autophagy markers, and the autophagic flux in healthy subjects and the patients with COPD, and we evaluated the effects of the 3-methyladenine (3-MA) autophagy inhibitor on the atrophy of COPD myotubes. Autophagy was also assessed in COPD myotubes treated with an antioxidant molecule, ascorbic acid. Autophagosome formation was increased in COPD myoblasts and myotubes (p = 0.011; p < 0.001), and the LC3 2/LC3 1 ratio (p = 0.002), SQSTM1 mRNA and protein expression (p = 0.023; p = 0.007), BNIP3 expression (p = 0.031), and autophagic flux (p = 0.002) were higher in COPD myoblasts. Inhibition of autophagy with 3-MA increased the COPD myotube diameter (p < 0.001) to a level similar to the diameter of healthy subject myotubes. Treatment of COPD myotubes with ascorbic acid decreased ROS concentration (p < 0.001), ROS-induced protein carbonylation (p = 0.019), the LC3 2/LC3 1 ratio (p = 0.037), the expression of SQSTM1 (p < 0.001) and BNIP3 (p < 0.001), and increased the COPD myotube diameter (p < 0.001). Thus, autophagy signaling is enhanced in cultured COPD muscle cells. Furthermore, the oxidative stress level contributes to the regulation of autophagy, which is involved in the atrophy of COPD myotubes in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fares Gouzi
- PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, Montpellier, France.,Department of Clinical Physiology, CHRU of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Marine Blaquière
- PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, Montpellier, France.,Department of Clinical Physiology, CHRU of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Matthias Catteau
- PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - François Bughin
- PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, Montpellier, France.,Department of Clinical Physiology, CHRU of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Jonathan Maury
- PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, Montpellier, France.,Clinique du Souffle "La Solane," Fontalvie/5-Santé Group, Osséja, France
| | - Emilie Passerieux
- PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Bronia Ayoub
- PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, Montpellier, France.,Department of Clinical Physiology, CHRU of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Jacques Mercier
- PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, Montpellier, France.,Department of Clinical Physiology, CHRU of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Maurice Hayot
- PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, Montpellier, France.,Department of Clinical Physiology, CHRU of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Pascal Pomiès
- PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, Montpellier, France
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Abstract
Apelin is a vasoactive peptide and is an endogenous ligand for APJ receptors, which are widely expressed in blood vessels, heart, and cardiovascular regulatory regions of the brain. A growing body of evidence now demonstrates a regulatory role for the apelin/APJ receptor system in cardiovascular physiology and pathophysiology, thus making it a potential target for cardiovascular drug discovery and development. Indeed, ongoing studies are investigating the potential benefits of apelin and apelin-mimetics for disorders such as heart failure and pulmonary arterial hypertension. Apelin causes relaxation of isolated arteries, and systemic administration of apelin typically results in a reduction in systolic and diastolic blood pressure and an increase in blood flow. Nonetheless, vasopressor responses and contraction of vascular smooth muscle in response to apelin have also been observed under certain conditions. The goal of the current review is to summarize major findings regarding the apelin/APJ receptor system in blood vessels, with an emphasis on regulation of vascular tone, and to identify areas of investigation that may provide guidance for the development of novel therapeutic agents that target this system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amreen Mughal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Stephen T O'Rourke
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University Fargo, ND, USA.
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69
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Wysocka MB, Pietraszek-Gremplewicz K, Nowak D. The Role of Apelin in Cardiovascular Diseases, Obesity and Cancer. Front Physiol 2018; 9:557. [PMID: 29875677 PMCID: PMC5974534 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Apelin is an endogenous peptide identified as a ligand of the G protein-coupled receptor APJ. Apelin belongs to the family of adipokines, which are bioactive mediators released by adipose tissue. Extensive tissue distribution of apelin and its receptor suggests, that it could be involved in many physiological processes including regulation of blood pressure, body fluid homeostasis, endocrine stress response, cardiac contractility, angiogenesis, and energy metabolism. Additionally, this peptide participates in pathological processes, such as heart failure, obesity, diabetes, and cancer. In this article, we review current knowledge about the role of apelin in organ and tissue pathologies. We also summarize the mechanisms by which apelin and its receptor mediate the regulation of physiological and pathological processes. Moreover, we put forward an indication of apelin as a biomarker predicting cardiac diseases and various types of cancer. A better understanding of the function of apelin and its receptor in pathologies might lead to the development of new medical compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta B Wysocka
- Department of Cell Pathology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | | | - Dorota Nowak
- Department of Cell Pathology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
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70
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Jiang Y, Zhou Y, Peng G, Tian H, Pan D, Liu L, Yang X, Li C, Li W, Chen L, Ran P, Dai A. Two-pore channels mediated receptor-operated Ca 2+ entry in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells in response to hypoxia. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2018; 97:28-35. [PMID: 29355755 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2018.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of two-pore channels mediated receptor-operated Ca2+ entry on pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell (PASMC) under hypoxia conditions. PASMCs were separated using the direct adherent culture method. The cultured cells were observed under optic microscope and the phenotypes of cells were identified by immunohistochemistry. The expression of NAADP was examined by ELISA. CaN, TPC1, TPC2 and NFATc3 protein levels were examined using Western blotting. Real-time PCR was utilized to detect the level of TPC1 and TPC2 mRNA. Fluorescent probe technique was used to explore the [Ca2+]i in PASMCs. Proliferation and migration of PASMCs were examined by MTT assay and Transwell, respectively. The results showed that cells displayed a typical "peak-valley" growth pattern and positive for α-actin staining. Expression of NAADP, CaN, NFATc3, TPC1 and TPC2 under PASMCs exposed to hypoxia after 24 h and 48 h were higher than control, however, cells treated with Ned-19 were significantly decreased compared with control. Levels of CaN and NFATc3 protein collected from RPASMCs transfected with TPCs siRNA were observably decreased than scrambled siRNA. Under hypoxia condition for 12 h, 24 h and 48 h, TPC1 and TPC2 mRNA levels were higher in PASMCs compared as control. The [Ca2+]i evoked by hypoxia significantly increased than normoxia group. Nevertheless, the [Ca2+]i of the groups treated with Ned-19 and transfected with TPCs siRNA were markedly lower compared with control. In conclusion, the TPCs influence on function of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells by mediated Ca2+ Signals under hypoxia condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongliang Jiang
- Respiratory Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha 410219, PR China
| | - Yumin Zhou
- State Key Lab of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, PR China
| | - Gongyong Peng
- State Key Lab of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, PR China
| | - Heshen Tian
- Respiratory Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha 410219, PR China
| | - Dan Pan
- Respiratory Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha 410219, PR China
| | - Lei Liu
- Respiratory Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha 410219, PR China
| | - Xing Yang
- Respiratory Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha 410219, PR China
| | - Chao Li
- Respiratory Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha 410219, PR China
| | - Wen Li
- Respiratory Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha 410219, PR China
| | - Ling Chen
- Respiratory Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha 410219, PR China
| | - Pixin Ran
- State Key Lab of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, PR China.
| | - Aiguo Dai
- Respiratory Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha 410219, PR China; Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Changsha Medical College, Changsha 410219, PR China.
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71
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Luo X, Liu J, Zhou H, Chen L. Apelin/APJ system: A critical regulator of vascular smooth muscle cell. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:5180-5188. [PMID: 29215755 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
APJ, an orphan G protein-coupled receptor, is first identified through homology cloning in 1993. Apelin is endogenous ligand of APJ extracted from bovine stomach tissue in 1998. Apelin/APJ system is widely expressed in many kinds of cells such as endothelial cells, cardiomyocytes, especially vascular smooth muscle cell. Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC), an integral part of the vascular wall, takes part in many normal physiological processes. Our experiment firstly finds that apelin/APJ system enhances VSMC proliferation by ERK1/2-cyclin D1 signal pathway. Accumulating studies also show that apelin/APJ system plays a pivotal role in mediating the function of VSMC. In this paper, we review the exact role of apelin/APJ system in VSMC, including induction of proliferation and migration, enhance of contraction and relaxation, inhibition of calcification. Furthermore, we discuss the role of apelin/APJ system in vascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, and chronic kidney disease (CKD) from the point of VSMC. Above all, apelin/APJ system is a promising target for managing vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuling Luo
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Jiaqi Liu
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Linxi Chen
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of South China, Hengyang, China
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72
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Zhang Q, Cao Y, Luo Q, Wang P, Shi P, Song C, E M, Ren J, Fu B, Sun H. The transient receptor potential vanilloid-3 regulates hypoxia-mediated pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells proliferation via PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Cell Prolif 2018; 51:e12436. [PMID: 29359496 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTVES Transient receptor potential vanilloid 3 (TRPV3) is a member of the TRP channels family of Ca2+ -permeant cation channels. In this study, we aim to investigate the role of TRPV3 in pulmonary vascular remodeling and PASMCs proliferation under hypoxia. MATERIALS AND METHODS The expression of TRPV3 was evaluated in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and hypoxic rats, using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and immunohistochemistry. In vitro, MTT assay, flow cytometry, Western blotting and immunofluorescence were performed to investigate the effects of TRPV3 on proliferation of PASMCs. RESULTS We found that, in vivo, the expression of TRPV3 was increased in patients with PAH and hypoxic rats. Right ventricular hypertrophy measurements and pulmonary pathomorphology data show that the ratio of the heart weight/tibia length (HW/TL), the right ventricle/left ventricle plus septum (RV/LV+S) and the medial width of the pulmonary artery were increased in chronic hypoxic rats. Moreover, the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), Cyclin D, Cyclin E and Cyclin A, phospho-CaMKII (p-CaMKII) were induced by hypoxia. In vitro, we revealed that hypoxia promoted PASMCs viability, increased the expression of PCNA, Cyclin D, Cyclin E, Cyclin A p-CaMKII, made more cells from G0 /G1 phase to G2 /M + S phase, enhanced the microtubule formation, and increased [Ca2+ ]i , which could be suppressed by Ruthenium Red, an inhibitor of TRPV3, and TRPV3 silencing has similar effects. Furthermore, the up-regulated expression of PCNA, Cyclin D, Cyclin E and Cyclin A, the increased number of cells in G2 /M and S phase, and the enhanced activation and expression of PI3K and AKT proteins induced by hypoxia and in presence of carvacrol (an agonist of TRPV3), was significantly attenuated by incubation of LY 294002, a specific inhibitor for PI3K/AKT. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that TRPV3 is involved in hypoxia-induced pulmonary vascular remodeling and promotes proliferation of PASMCs and the effect is, at least in part, mediated via the PI3K/AKT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianlong Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, China
| | - Yonggang Cao
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, China
| | - Qian Luo
- Department of Physiology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Physiology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, China
| | - Pilong Shi
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, China
| | - Chao Song
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, China
| | - Mingyao E
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, China
| | - Jing Ren
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, China
| | - Bowen Fu
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, China
| | - Hongli Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, China
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73
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Zhang X, Shao R, Gao W, Sun G, Liu Y, Fa X. Inhibition of miR-361-5p suppressed pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell survival and migration by targeting ABCA1 and inhibiting the JAK2/STAT3 pathway. Exp Cell Res 2018; 363:255-261. [PMID: 29339076 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs play a crucial role in the progression of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of miR-361-5p on the proliferation, migration and apoptosis of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) that under the treatment of hypoxia and explore the underlying mechanisms. The results proved that hypoxia noticeably up-regulated the expression of miR-361-5p in PASMCs in comparison to the normoxia-treated cells, while TNF-α and IL-6 stimulation had no obvious effects on miR-361-5p level. Hypoxia induced miR-361-5p elevation in a HIF-1α-dependent manner. Inhibition of miR-361-5p dramatically inhibited hypoxia-induced cell proliferation and migration. miR-361-5p inhibition also rescued hypoxia exposure caused suppression of PASMCs apoptosis. In addition, the results showed that ABCA1 was a direct target of miR-361-5p and was down-regulated in hypoxia-induced PASMCs. Hypoxia and TNF-α or IL-6 stimulation significantly inhibited ABCA1 expression. In addition, overexpression of ABCA1 enhanced the effect of miR-361-5p on hPASMCs. Furthermore, the inhibition of miR-361-5p significantly down-regulated the expression level of p-JAK2 and p-STAT3. In conclusion, it may suggest that the suppression of miR-361-5p suppressed PASMC survival and migration by targeting ABCA1 and inhibiting the JAK2/STAT3 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Zhang
- Department of Respiratory medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, ZhengZhou 450014, China
| | - Runxia Shao
- Department of Respiratory medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, ZhengZhou 450014, China
| | - Weiwei Gao
- Department of Respiratory medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, ZhengZhou 450014, China
| | - Guanghao Sun
- Department of Respiratory medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, ZhengZhou 450014, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Respiratory medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, ZhengZhou 450014, China
| | - Xian'en Fa
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, ZhengZhou 450014, China.
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74
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Liu D, Xu J, Qian G, Hamid M, Gan F, Chen X, Huang K. Selenizing astragalus polysaccharide attenuates PCV2 replication promotion caused by oxidative stress through autophagy inhibition via PI3K/AKT activation. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 108:350-359. [PMID: 29217185 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Our previous studies have shown that oxidative stress could promote the porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) replication, and astragalus polysaccharide (APS)/selenium could suppress PCV2 replication. However, whether selenizing astragalus polysaccharide (sAPS) provides protection against oxidative stress-induced PCV2 replication promotion and the mechanism involved remain unclear. The present study aimed to explore the mechanism of the PCV2 replication promotion induced by oxidative stress and a novel pharmacotherapeutic approach involving the regulation of autophagy of sAPS. Our results showed that H2O2 promoted PCV2 replication via enhancing autophagy by using 3-methyladenine (3-MA) and autophagy-related gene 5 (ATG5) knockdown. Sodium selenite, APS, the mixture of sodium selenite and APS, and sAPS significantly inhibited H2O2-induced PCV2 replication promotion, respectively. Among these, sAPS exerted maximal inhibitory effect. sAPS could also significantly inhibit autophagy activated by H2O2 and increase the Akt and mTOR phosphorylation. Moreover, LY294002, the specific phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT) inhibitor, significantly alleviated the effects of sAPS on autophagy and PCV2 replication. Taken together, we conclude that H2O2 promotes PCV2 replication by inducing autophagy and sAPS attenuates the PCV2 replication promotion through autophagy inhibition via PI3K/AKT activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China; Institute of Nutritional and Metabolic Disorders in Domestic Animals and Fowls, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jing Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China; Institute of Nutritional and Metabolic Disorders in Domestic Animals and Fowls, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Gang Qian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China; Institute of Nutritional and Metabolic Disorders in Domestic Animals and Fowls, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Mohammed Hamid
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China; Institute of Nutritional and Metabolic Disorders in Domestic Animals and Fowls, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Fang Gan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China; Institute of Nutritional and Metabolic Disorders in Domestic Animals and Fowls, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xingxiang Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China; Institute of Nutritional and Metabolic Disorders in Domestic Animals and Fowls, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Kehe Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China; Institute of Nutritional and Metabolic Disorders in Domestic Animals and Fowls, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China.
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75
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Activation of autophagy attenuates EtOH-LPS-induced hepatic steatosis and injury through MD2 associated TLR4 signaling. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9292. [PMID: 28839246 PMCID: PMC5571015 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09045-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy serves as a protective mechanism to degrade damaged organelles and proteins. Acute alcohol exposure is known to activate the hepatic autophagy response, whereas chronic alcohol exposure slows autophagosome formation along with an elevation of gut-derived endotoxin. In the current study, we examined whether lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration decreased autophagic response in the liver of mice treated by short-term alcohol and whether activation of autophagy by rapamycin attenuates EtOH-LPS-induced liver steatosis and injury. We demonstrated that ten-day alcohol feeding primed the liver to LPS-induced lipid accumulation and liver injury with significantly increased hepatic steatosis and serum AST level as well as hepatic cellular NF-κB activation. LPS increased alcohol-mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation while reducing autophagy activation. These deleterious effects were attenuated by rapamycin administration in mice. The protective effects of rapamycin are associated with decreased cellular MD2/TLR4 expression and interaction in Raw264.7 cells. Taken together, our results demonstrated that enhanced gut-derived LPS decreases the hepatic autophagosome numbers in response to alcohol exposure, and activation of autophagy by rapamycin protects from EtOH-LPS-induced liver injury, probably through reduced macrophage expression and interaction of TLR4/MD2 signaling complex.
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76
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Liu Y, Zhang J, Wang Y, Zeng X. Apelin involved in progression of diabetic nephropathy by inhibiting autophagy in podocytes. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e3006. [PMID: 28837139 PMCID: PMC5596593 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Podocyte autophagy dysfunction has been reported to be responsible for the progression of diabetic nephropathy (DN), however, the factors contributed to autophagy dysfunction in type 2 diabetes are not fully understood. Among promoting factors in DN, an adipokine, apelin, had been showed to trigger podocyte dysfunction. Therefore, it is hypothesized that apelin, which is increased in plasma in type 2 diabetes, lead to podocyte apoptosis through inhibiting podocyte autophagy, which resulted in podocyte dysfunction followed by DN. KkAy mice (diabetic mice) and cultured podocytes (MPC5 cells and native podocytes) were treated with high glucose (HG) and apelin or its antagonist F13A. Renal function, podocyte autophagy, podocyte apoptosis and corresponding cell signaling pathways in podocytes were detected. The results showed that apelin aggravated the renal dysfunction and foot process injuries in kkAy mice, which is positively correlated to podocyte apoptosis and negatively correlated to podocyte autophagy. Apelin induced podocyte apoptosis and inhibited podocyte autophagy in both normal glucose and HG conditions while F13A reversed these effects. Investigations by western blot found that apelin inhibits podocyte autophagy through ERK-, Akt- and mTOR-dependent pathways. In conclusion, increased apelin concentration in plasma inhibited podocyte autophagy, which would lead to podocyte apoptosis and renal dysfunction in diabetes. These effects would contribute to the progression of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Basic Medical School of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Jia Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Basic Medical School of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yangjia Wang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Basic Medical School of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xiangjun Zeng
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Basic Medical School of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
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77
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Targeting the apelin pathway as a novel therapeutic approach for cardiovascular diseases. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1863:1942-1950. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2016.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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78
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Rak A, Drwal E, Rame C, Knapczyk-Stwora K, Słomczyńska M, Dupont J, Gregoraszczuk E. Expression of apelin and apelin receptor (APJ) in porcine ovarian follicles and in vitro effect of apelin on steroidogenesis and proliferation through APJ activation and different signaling pathways. Theriogenology 2017; 96:126-135. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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79
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Kyriakakis E, Frismantiene A, Dasen B, Pfaff D, Rivero O, Lesch KP, Erne P, Resink TJ, Philippova M. T-cadherin promotes autophagy and survival in vascular smooth muscle cells through MEK1/2/Erk1/2 axis activation. Cell Signal 2017; 35:163-175. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2017.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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80
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Chen J, Wang YX, Dong MQ, Zhang B, Luo Y, Niu W, Li ZC. Reoxygenation Reverses Hypoxic Pulmonary Arterial Remodeling by Inducing Smooth Muscle Cell Apoptosis via Reactive Oxygen Species-Mediated Mitochondrial Dysfunction. J Am Heart Assoc 2017. [PMID: 28645933 PMCID: PMC5669176 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.117.005602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Pulmonary arterial remodeling, a main characteristic of hypoxic pulmonary hypertension, can gradually reverse once oxygen has been restored. Previous studies documented that apoptosis increased markedly during the reversal of remodeled pulmonary arteries, but the types of cells and mechanisms related to the apoptosis have remained elusive. This study aimed to determine whether pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell (PASMC)‐specific apoptosis was involved in the reoxygenation‐induced reversal of hypoxic pulmonary arterial remodeling and elucidate the underlying mechanism. Methods and Results Hypoxic pulmonary hypertension was induced in adult male Sprague‐Dawley rats (n=6/group) by chronic hypobaric hypoxia. and the hypoxic pulmonary hypertension rats were then transferred to a normoxia condition. During reoxygenation, hypoxia‐induced pulmonary arterial remodeling gradually reversed. The reversal of remodeled pulmonary arteries was associated with increased H2O2 and with changes in lung expression of cleaved caspase3/PARP, Bax, and Bcl‐2, consistent with increased apoptosis. The PASMC apoptosis, in particular, increased remarkably during this reversal. In vitro, reoxygenation induced the apoptosis of cultured rat primary PASMCs accompanied by increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial dysfunction, and the release of cytochrome C from mitochondria to cytoplasm. Clearance of reactive oxygen species alleviated mitochondrial dysfunction as well as the release of cytochrome C and, finally, decreased PASMC apoptosis. Conclusions Reoxygenation‐induced apoptosis of PASMCs is implicated in the reversal of hypoxic pulmonary arterial remodeling, which may be attributed to the mitochondrial reactive oxygen species–mediated mitochondrial dysfunction.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis
- Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins/metabolism
- Cell Proliferation
- Cells, Cultured
- Disease Models, Animal
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/etiology
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/metabolism
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/pathology
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/physiopathology
- Hypoxia/complications
- Hypoxia/metabolism
- Hypoxia/pathology
- Hypoxia/physiopathology
- Male
- Mitochondria, Muscle/metabolism
- Mitochondria, Muscle/pathology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/physiopathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Oxygen/metabolism
- Pulmonary Artery/metabolism
- Pulmonary Artery/pathology
- Pulmonary Artery/physiopathology
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Time Factors
- Vascular Remodeling
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Chen
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yan-Xia Wang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ming-Qing Dong
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ying Luo
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wen Niu
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhi-Chao Li
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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81
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Rashid HO, Kim HK, Junjappa R, Kim HR, Chae HJ. Endoplasmic reticulum stress in the regulation of liver diseases: Involvement of Regulated IRE1α and β-dependent decay and miRNA. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2017; 32:981-991. [PMID: 27774654 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.13619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 09/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Compromised protein folding capacity in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) leads to a protein traffic jam that produces a toxic environment called ER stress. However, the ER smartly handles such a critical situation by activating a cascade of proteins responsible for sensing and responding to the noxious stimuli of accumulated proteins. The ER protein load is higher in secretory cells, such as liver hepatocytes, which are thus prone to stress-mediated toxicity and various diseases, including alcohol-induced liver injury, fatty liver disease, and viral hepatitis. Therefore, we discuss the molecular cues that connect ER stress to hepatic diseases. Moreover, we review the literature on ER stress-regulated miRNA in the pathogenesis of liver diseases to give a comprehensive overview of mechanistic insights connecting ER stress and miRNA in the context of liver diseases. We also discuss currently discovered regulated IRE1 dependent decay in regulation of hepatic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harun-Or Rashid
- Department of Pharmacology and New Drug Development Institute, Medical School, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Hyun-Kyoung Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and New Drug Development Institute, Medical School, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Raghupatil Junjappa
- Department of Pharmacology and New Drug Development Institute, Medical School, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Hyung-Ryong Kim
- Graduate School and Institute of Science and Technology, DGIST, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Jung Chae
- Department of Pharmacology and New Drug Development Institute, Medical School, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
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82
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Zeng X, Zhu L, Xiao R, Liu B, Sun M, Liu F, Hao Q, Lu Y, Zhang J, Li J, Wang T, Wei X, Hu Q. Hypoxia-Induced Mitogenic Factor Acts as a Nonclassical Ligand of Calcium-Sensing Receptor, Therapeutically Exploitable for Intermittent Hypoxia-Induced Pulmonary Hypertension. Hypertension 2017; 69:844-854. [PMID: 28348014 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.116.08743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 12/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia-induced mitogenic factor (HIMF) is an inflammatory cytokine playing important role(s) in the development of hypoxic pulmonary hypertension. The molecular target mediating HIMF-stimulated downstream events remains unclear. The coimmunoprecipitation screen identified extracellular calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) as the binding partner for HIMF in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. The yeast 2-hybrid assay then revealed the binding of HIMF to the intracellular, not the extracellular, domain of extracellular CaSR. The binding of HIMF enhanced the activity of extracellular CaSR and mediated hypoxia-evoked proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth cells and the development of pulmonary vascular remodeling and pulmonary hypertension, all of which was specifically attenuated by a synthesized membrane-permeable peptide flanking the core amino acids of the intracellular binding domain of extracellular CaSR. Thus, HIMF induces pulmonary hypertension as a nonclassical ligand of extracellular CaSR, and the binding motif of extracellular CaSR can be therapeutically exploitable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianqin Zeng
- From the Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine (X.Z., L.Z., R.X., B.L., M.S., F.L., Q. Hao, Q. Hu), Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Ministry of Health (X.Z., L.Z., R.X., B.L., M.S., F.L., Q. Hao, Y.L., J.Z., J.L., T.W., Q. Hu), Department of Pathology, Tongji Hospital (Y.L., J.L.), Department of Pathology, Union Hospital (J.Z.), Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (T.W.), and Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Tongji Hospital (X.W.), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Liping Zhu
- From the Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine (X.Z., L.Z., R.X., B.L., M.S., F.L., Q. Hao, Q. Hu), Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Ministry of Health (X.Z., L.Z., R.X., B.L., M.S., F.L., Q. Hao, Y.L., J.Z., J.L., T.W., Q. Hu), Department of Pathology, Tongji Hospital (Y.L., J.L.), Department of Pathology, Union Hospital (J.Z.), Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (T.W.), and Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Tongji Hospital (X.W.), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Xiao
- From the Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine (X.Z., L.Z., R.X., B.L., M.S., F.L., Q. Hao, Q. Hu), Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Ministry of Health (X.Z., L.Z., R.X., B.L., M.S., F.L., Q. Hao, Y.L., J.Z., J.L., T.W., Q. Hu), Department of Pathology, Tongji Hospital (Y.L., J.L.), Department of Pathology, Union Hospital (J.Z.), Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (T.W.), and Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Tongji Hospital (X.W.), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingxun Liu
- From the Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine (X.Z., L.Z., R.X., B.L., M.S., F.L., Q. Hao, Q. Hu), Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Ministry of Health (X.Z., L.Z., R.X., B.L., M.S., F.L., Q. Hao, Y.L., J.Z., J.L., T.W., Q. Hu), Department of Pathology, Tongji Hospital (Y.L., J.L.), Department of Pathology, Union Hospital (J.Z.), Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (T.W.), and Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Tongji Hospital (X.W.), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengxiang Sun
- From the Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine (X.Z., L.Z., R.X., B.L., M.S., F.L., Q. Hao, Q. Hu), Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Ministry of Health (X.Z., L.Z., R.X., B.L., M.S., F.L., Q. Hao, Y.L., J.Z., J.L., T.W., Q. Hu), Department of Pathology, Tongji Hospital (Y.L., J.L.), Department of Pathology, Union Hospital (J.Z.), Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (T.W.), and Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Tongji Hospital (X.W.), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangbo Liu
- From the Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine (X.Z., L.Z., R.X., B.L., M.S., F.L., Q. Hao, Q. Hu), Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Ministry of Health (X.Z., L.Z., R.X., B.L., M.S., F.L., Q. Hao, Y.L., J.Z., J.L., T.W., Q. Hu), Department of Pathology, Tongji Hospital (Y.L., J.L.), Department of Pathology, Union Hospital (J.Z.), Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (T.W.), and Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Tongji Hospital (X.W.), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Hao
- From the Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine (X.Z., L.Z., R.X., B.L., M.S., F.L., Q. Hao, Q. Hu), Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Ministry of Health (X.Z., L.Z., R.X., B.L., M.S., F.L., Q. Hao, Y.L., J.Z., J.L., T.W., Q. Hu), Department of Pathology, Tongji Hospital (Y.L., J.L.), Department of Pathology, Union Hospital (J.Z.), Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (T.W.), and Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Tongji Hospital (X.W.), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yankai Lu
- From the Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine (X.Z., L.Z., R.X., B.L., M.S., F.L., Q. Hao, Q. Hu), Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Ministry of Health (X.Z., L.Z., R.X., B.L., M.S., F.L., Q. Hao, Y.L., J.Z., J.L., T.W., Q. Hu), Department of Pathology, Tongji Hospital (Y.L., J.L.), Department of Pathology, Union Hospital (J.Z.), Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (T.W.), and Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Tongji Hospital (X.W.), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiwei Zhang
- From the Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine (X.Z., L.Z., R.X., B.L., M.S., F.L., Q. Hao, Q. Hu), Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Ministry of Health (X.Z., L.Z., R.X., B.L., M.S., F.L., Q. Hao, Y.L., J.Z., J.L., T.W., Q. Hu), Department of Pathology, Tongji Hospital (Y.L., J.L.), Department of Pathology, Union Hospital (J.Z.), Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (T.W.), and Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Tongji Hospital (X.W.), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiansha Li
- From the Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine (X.Z., L.Z., R.X., B.L., M.S., F.L., Q. Hao, Q. Hu), Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Ministry of Health (X.Z., L.Z., R.X., B.L., M.S., F.L., Q. Hao, Y.L., J.Z., J.L., T.W., Q. Hu), Department of Pathology, Tongji Hospital (Y.L., J.L.), Department of Pathology, Union Hospital (J.Z.), Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (T.W.), and Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Tongji Hospital (X.W.), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Wang
- From the Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine (X.Z., L.Z., R.X., B.L., M.S., F.L., Q. Hao, Q. Hu), Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Ministry of Health (X.Z., L.Z., R.X., B.L., M.S., F.L., Q. Hao, Y.L., J.Z., J.L., T.W., Q. Hu), Department of Pathology, Tongji Hospital (Y.L., J.L.), Department of Pathology, Union Hospital (J.Z.), Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (T.W.), and Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Tongji Hospital (X.W.), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Wei
- From the Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine (X.Z., L.Z., R.X., B.L., M.S., F.L., Q. Hao, Q. Hu), Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Ministry of Health (X.Z., L.Z., R.X., B.L., M.S., F.L., Q. Hao, Y.L., J.Z., J.L., T.W., Q. Hu), Department of Pathology, Tongji Hospital (Y.L., J.L.), Department of Pathology, Union Hospital (J.Z.), Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (T.W.), and Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Tongji Hospital (X.W.), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinghua Hu
- From the Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine (X.Z., L.Z., R.X., B.L., M.S., F.L., Q. Hao, Q. Hu), Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Ministry of Health (X.Z., L.Z., R.X., B.L., M.S., F.L., Q. Hao, Y.L., J.Z., J.L., T.W., Q. Hu), Department of Pathology, Tongji Hospital (Y.L., J.L.), Department of Pathology, Union Hospital (J.Z.), Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (T.W.), and Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Tongji Hospital (X.W.), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
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Lu L, Wu D, Li L, Chen L. Apelin/APJ system: A bifunctional target for cardiac hypertrophy. Int J Cardiol 2017; 230:164-170. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.11.215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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84
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Wu Y, Wang X, Zhou X, Cheng B, Li G, Bai B. Temporal Expression of Apelin/Apelin Receptor in Ischemic Stroke and its Therapeutic Potential. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:1. [PMID: 28167898 PMCID: PMC5253351 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide, and ischemic stroke accounts for approximately 87% of cases. Improving post-stroke recovery is a major challenge in stroke treatment. Accumulated evidence indicates that the apelinergic system, consisting of apelin and apelin receptor (APLNR), is temporally dysregulated in ischemic stroke. Moreover, the apelinergic system plays a pivotal role in post-stroke recovery by inhibiting neuronal apoptosis and facilitating angiogenesis through various molecular pathways. In this review article, we summarize the temporal expression of apelin and APLNR in ischemic stroke and the mechanisms of their dysregulation. In addition, the protective role of the apelinergic system in ischemic stroke and the underlying mechanisms of its protective effects are discussed. Furthermore, critical issues in activating the apelinergic system as a potential therapy will also be discussed. The aim of this review article is to shed light on exploiting the activation of the apelinergic system to treat ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yili Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, Jining Medical UniversityJining, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Birth Defect Research and Transformation of Shandong Province, Jining Medical UniversityJining, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Behavioral Medicine, Jining Medical UniversityJining, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Jining Medical UniversityJining, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Behavioral Medicine, Jining Medical UniversityJining, China
| | - Xuan Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, Jining Medical UniversityJining, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Behavioral Medicine, Jining Medical UniversityJining, China
| | - Baohua Cheng
- Neurobiology Institute, Jining Medical University Jining, China
| | - Gongying Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Jining Medical UniversityJining, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Behavioral Medicine, Jining Medical UniversityJining, China
| | - Bo Bai
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Birth Defect Research and Transformation of Shandong Province, Jining Medical University Jining, China
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85
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Ramadan A, Al-Omran M, Verma S. The putative role of autophagy in the pathogenesis of abdominal aortic aneurysms. Atherosclerosis 2017; 257:288-296. [PMID: 28139205 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2017.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Revised: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) are a significant cause of worldwide mortality and morbidity. While the histopathological characteristics of AAA are well documented, the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of AAA are not entirely understood. Autophagy is a highly conserved basal cellular process in eukaryotic cells that involves the turnover of organelles and proteins. It is also activated as an adaptive response to stressful conditions to promote cell survival. While autophagy typically promotes pro-survival processes, it can sometimes lead to cellular demise. Preclinical studies have revealed autophagy to be a protective mechanism in certain vascular diseases with several autophagy-related genes reported to be markedly upregulated in human aneurysmal tissue. The role autophagy plays in the pathogenesis of AAA, however, remains poorly defined. In this review, we discuss the putative role of autophagy in AAA by reviewing several in vitro and in vivo studies that address the functional significance of autophagy in cells that are involved in the pathophysiology of AAA, amongst which are macrophages, smooth muscle and endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azza Ramadan
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mohammed Al-Omran
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Surgery, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Subodh Verma
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, ON, Canada.
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86
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Yang Y, Lv SY, Ye W, Zhang L. Apelin/APJ system and cancer. Clin Chim Acta 2016; 457:112-6. [PMID: 27083318 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2015] [Revised: 04/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Apelin is an endogenous ligand of the apelin receptor (APJ), a seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptor. Apelin/APJ system has a wide tissue distribution in the brain as well as in peripheral organs including heart, lung, vessels, and adipose tissue. Apelin/APJ was involved in regulating cardiac and vascular function, heart development, and vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation. In this article, we summarize the role of apelin/APJ system on lung cancer, gastroesophageal and colonic cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, prostate cancer, endometrial cancer, oral squamous cell carcinoma, brain cancer, and tumor neoangiogenesis. Apelin/APJ may be a potential anticancer therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjie Yang
- School of Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Shuang-Yu Lv
- School of Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China.
| | - Wenling Ye
- School of Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, China
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87
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Cai J, Wen J, Bauer E, Zhong H, Yuan H, Chen AF. The Role of HMGB1 in Cardiovascular Biology: Danger Signals. Antioxid Redox Signal 2015; 23:1351-69. [PMID: 26066838 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2015.6408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Accumulating evidence shows that dysregulated immune response contributes to several types of CVDs such as atherosclerosis and pulmonary hypertension (PH). Vascular intimal impairment and low-density lipoprotein oxidation trigger a complex network of innate immune responses and sterile inflammation. RECENT ADVANCES High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), a nuclear DNA-binding protein, was recently discovered to function as a damage-associated molecular pattern molecule (DAMP) that initiates the innate immune responses. These findings lead to the understanding that HMGB1 plays a critical role in the inflammatory response in the pathogenesis of CVD. CRITICAL ISSUES In this review, we highlight the role of extracellular HMGB1 as a proinflammatory mediator as well as a DAMP in coronary artery disease, cerebral artery disease, peripheral artery disease, and PH. FUTURE DIRECTIONS A key focus for future researches on HMGB1 location, structure, modification, and signaling will reveal HMGB1's multiple functions and discover a targeted therapy that can eliminate HMGB1-mediated inflammation without interfering with adaptive immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Cai
- 1 The Center of Clinical Pharmacology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha, China
- 2 Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- 3 Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha, China
| | - Juan Wen
- 1 The Center of Clinical Pharmacology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha, China
- 3 Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha, China
| | - Eileen Bauer
- 2 Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Hua Zhong
- 1 The Center of Clinical Pharmacology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha, China
- 2 Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- 3 Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha, China
| | - Hong Yuan
- 1 The Center of Clinical Pharmacology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha, China
- 3 Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha, China
| | - Alex F Chen
- 1 The Center of Clinical Pharmacology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha, China
- 2 Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Apelin-13 Prevents the Delayed Neuropathy Induced by Tri-ortho-cresyl Phosphate Through Regulation the Autophagy Flux in Hens. Neurochem Res 2015; 40:2374-82. [PMID: 26453045 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-015-1725-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Revised: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Organophosphate-induced delayed neuropathy (OPIDN) is pathologically characterized by the swollen axon containing aggregations of microtubules, neurofilaments, smooth endoplasmic reticulum and multivesicular vesicles. At present, the exact mechanism of OPIDN is unclear and the effective therapeutic methods is not available to counter this syndrome. Recent studies had shown that the autophagy was involved in OPIDN. The adipocytokine Apelin is a peptide, Apelin and its receptor are abundantly expressed in the nervous system. Recent researches illuminated that Apelin was neuroprotective factor and Apelin could regulate the autophagy in vivo and vitro model. So we investigated the effect of Apelin-13 on the OPIDN induced by Tri-ortho-cresyl phosphate (TOCP) in hens and explored the role of autophagy in Apelin-13 preventing OPIDN. Adult Roman hens were given a single dose of 750 mg/kg TOCP by gavage for 21 days to induce OPIDN, and neural dysfunction were detected, and the formation of autophagosomes in spinal cord neurons was observed by transmission electron microscopy, and the molecular markers of autophagy microtubule-associated protein light chain-3 (LC3) and the autophagy substrates p62/SQSTM1 were determined by Western blot analysis. The results demonstrated that the obvious neurological dysfunction such as hindlimb paralysis and paralysis of gait was present, the number of autophagosomes in the neurons of spinal cords was significantly increased, the level of LC3-II and p62 expressions and the ratio of LC3-II/LC3-I in spinal cords and sciatic nerve were significantly increased in the OPIDN model group compared with the control group. Compared with the OPIDN model group, the neurological dysfunction of tens was obviously reduced, the clinical signs scores was significantly decreased, the number of autophagosomes in the neurons of hen spinal cords was significantly decreased, the level of LC3-II and p62 expressions and the ratio of LC3-II/LC3-I in spinal cords and sciatic nerve were significantly decreased in Apelin-13 treatment group. Our results suggested that Apelin-13 prevented against the OPIDN induced by TOCP in hens, which the mechanism might be associated with regulation autophagy flux by Apelin-13.
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He L, Xu J, Chen L, Li L. Apelin/APJ signaling in hypoxia-related diseases. Clin Chim Acta 2015; 451:191-8. [PMID: 26436483 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2015.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 09/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The regulatory peptide apelin is the endogenous ligand for the orphan G protein-coupled receptor APJ. Apelin and APJ exist in a variety of tissues, with special status in the heart, lung and tumors. Consequently, the apelin/APJ system exerts a broad range of activities that affect multiple organ systems. Accumulating evidence indicates that the expressions of apelin and APJ are significantly augmented by hypoxia through the hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) signaling pathway. Increased apelin promotes cellular proliferation, migration and survival, therefore regulating angiogenesis. In addition, the pre-administration of exogenous apelin is involved in the occurrence and development of hypoxia-induced pathological diseases. The purpose of this article is to review the properties of the apelin/APJ system, which is affected by hypoxic conditions, and the regulation of apelin/APJ signaling in hypoxia-associated disorders. Thus, the apelin/APJ system may be a potential therapeutic target in hypoxia-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu He
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Learning Key Laboratory for Pharmacoproteomics, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, PR China
| | - Jin Xu
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Learning Key Laboratory for Pharmacoproteomics, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, PR China
| | - Linxi Chen
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Learning Key Laboratory for Pharmacoproteomics, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, PR China.
| | - Lanfang Li
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Learning Key Laboratory for Pharmacoproteomics, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, PR China.
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90
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Wang AP, Li XH, Gong SX, Li WQ, Hu CP, Zhang Z, Li YJ. miR-100 suppresses mTOR signaling in hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 765:565-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2015] [Revised: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Li WD, Hu N, Lei FR, Wei S, Rong JJ, Zhuang H, Li XQ. Autophagy inhibits endothelial progenitor cells migration via the regulation of MMP2, MMP9 and uPA under normoxia condition. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 466:376-80. [PMID: 26363453 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to explore the role of autophagy on the regulation of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) migration under normoxic condition. METHODS After EPCs were isolated and characterized in vitro, we employed Atg5 knocking down and rapamycin to monitor the autophagy, and performed wound healing and transwell assay to assess the cell migration. On the mechanism, the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and urokinase type plasminogen activator (uPA) was evaluated. RESULTS Atg5 knocking down and rapamycin could respectively inhibit and enhance autophagy, which could result in significantly increased and decreased cell migration in wound healing and transwell assay under normoxic condition. Moreover, Atg5 knocking down could significantly increase the expression of MMP2, MMP9 and uPA in EPCs while rapamycin could decrease the expression of uPA and MMP9. In addition, the mTOR-P70 S6K pathway was also involved in EPCs migration regulation. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrated that autophagy could regulate the EPCs migration through mTOR-P70 S6K pathway, and MMP2, MMP9 and uPA may also involve in the regulation mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Dong Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Nan Hu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Feng-Rui Lei
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Sen Wei
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jian-Jie Rong
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hao Zhuang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Qiang Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
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92
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Activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt pathway is involved in lipocalin-2-promoted human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell proliferation. Mol Cell Biochem 2015; 410:207-13. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-015-2553-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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93
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Ye L, Ding F, Zhang L, Shen A, Yao H, Deng L, Ding Y. Serum apelin is associated with left ventricular hypertrophy in untreated hypertension patients. J Transl Med 2015; 13:290. [PMID: 26342945 PMCID: PMC4560865 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-015-0635-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apelin is an endogenous ligand for the G protein-coupled receptor APJ. The association between apelin and cardiac modeling has been reported. However, if serum apelin affect the left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) prevalence in hypertensive patients remains unknown. METHODS We enrolled 344 untreated hypertensive patients. The presence of LVH was determined by echocardiography. The blood was drawn from these patients and serum apelin level was detected. To study the direct effect of apelin on cardiac hypertrophy, cardiomyocytes were cultured and were transfected with apelin gene. Morphometric analysis and measurement of protein contain per cell were then performed. RESULTS We observed a significantly lower serum apelin level in hypertensive patients with LVH compared with those without LVH. Receiver operating characteristic analyses shows that serum apelin level is robust in discriminating patients with LVH from those without. Our in vitro study showed that cellular protein content and cellular size was increased by Ang II treatment, which can be markedly inhibited by the apelin over-expression in cultured cardiomyocytes. CONCLUSION Our clinical date established a link between apelin and LVH, suggesting serum apelin may be used as a predicator for LVH prevalence in hypertensive patients. The direct evidence in vitro suggest apelin pathway is involved in the cardiomyocyte adaption to hypertrophic stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Ye
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, No. 57 Southern Renmin Avenue, 524023, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China.
| | - Fenghua Ding
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, No. 57 Southern Renmin Avenue, 524023, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China.
| | - Liang Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, No. 57 Southern Renmin Avenue, 524023, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China.
| | - Anna Shen
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, No.183, West Zhongshan Ave, Guangzhou, Tianhe District, China.
| | - Huaguo Yao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, No. 57 Southern Renmin Avenue, 524023, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China.
| | - Liehua Deng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, No. 57 Southern Renmin Avenue, 524023, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yuanlin Ding
- The Institute of Medical System Biology, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical College, Dongguan, China.
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Abstract
The efficient delivery of short interfering RNA (siRNA) is an enormous challenge in the field of gene therapy. Herein, we report a delivery nanosystem based on programmed DNA self-assembly mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) siRNA-loaded DNA nanotubes (DNA-NTs). We demonstrate that these siRNA-DNA-NTs can be effectively transfected into pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) via endocytosis; and that the loaded mTOR siRNA can induce obvious autophagy and inhibit cell growth under both normal and hypoxic conditions. Moreover, we found that mTOR siRNA can control the autophagy and proliferation of PASMCs under hypoxic condition, suggesting a potential therapeutic application for mTOR siRNA in diseases involving abnormal autophagy in PASMCs.
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95
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Li L, Wang X, Wang L, Qu L, Zhu X, Li M, Dang X, Li P, Gao Y, Peng Z, Pan L, Wan L. Mammalian target of rapamycin overexpression antagonizes chronic hypoxia-triggered pulmonary arterial hypertension via the autophagic pathway. Int J Mol Med 2015; 36:316-22. [PMID: 26017061 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2015.2224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive pulmonary vascular disorder with high morbidity and mortality, and is characterized by excessive growth of endothelial cells. Recently, the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) has attracted increasing attention due to its potential as a therapeutic target against certain diseases associated with proliferative and metabolic abnormalities. However, the effect on mTOR on PAH has not yet been elucidated. In the present study, a marked downregulation of mTOR was observed in PAH patients. Following construction of a mouse model of PAH by chronic exposure to hypoxia, adenovirus-mediated upregulation of mTOR significantly attenuated right ventricular systolic pressure, right ventricular hypertrophy and wall thickness of pulmonary arterioles, indicating a protective effect of mTOR on PAH. Further analysis confirmed that mTOR overexpression inhibited autophagy triggered by hypoxia through blocking light chain 3 II expression and increasing p62 levels. In vitro, hypoxia enhanced the proliferation of human pulmonary artery endothelial cells (PAECs), which was markedly abrogated by mTOR overexpression. Of note, upregulation of mTOR inhibited the hypoxia-induced autophagy pathway, which contributed to cell proliferation, while silencing of autophagy by RNA interference with ATG5 significantly inhibited cell proliferation. In conclusion, the results of the present study suggested a potential protective effect of mTOR on the progression of PAH by suppressing PAEC proliferation through blocking the autophagic pathway. Therefore, the present study suggested that mTOR is a promising therapeutic agent against PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingxia Li
- The Cadre Ward, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Xiaochuang Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Lina Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Li Qu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Xinye Zhu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Manxiang Li
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Dang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Yanxia Gao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Zhuo Peng
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Longfei Pan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Li Wan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
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Lin L, Liu X, Xu J, Weng L, Ren J, Ge J, Zou Y. High-density lipoprotein inhibits mechanical stress-induced cardiomyocyte autophagy and cardiac hypertrophy through angiotensin II type 1 receptor-mediated PI3K/Akt pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2015; 19:1929-38. [PMID: 25946687 PMCID: PMC4549043 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanical stress triggers cardiac hypertrophy and autophagy through an angiotensin II (Ang II) type 1 (AT1) receptor-dependent mechanism. Low level of high density lipoprotein (HDL) is an independent risk factor for cardiac hypertrophy. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of HDL on mechanical stress-induced cardiac hypertrophy and autophagy. A 48-hr mechanical stretch and a 4-week transverse aortic constriction were employed to induce cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in vitro and in vivo, respectively, prior to the assessment of myocardial autophagy using LC3b-II and beclin-1. Our results indicated that HDL significantly reduced mechanical stretch-induced rise in autophagy as demonstrated by LC3b-II and beclin-1. In addition, mechanical stress up-regulated AT1 receptor expression in both cultured cardiomyocytes and in mouse hearts, whereas HDL significantly suppressed the AT1 receptor. Furthermore, the role of Akt phosphorylation in HDL-mediated action was assessed using MK-2206, a selective inhibitor for Akt phosphorylation. Our data further revealed that MK-2206 mitigated HDL-induced beneficial responses on cardiac remodelling and autophagy. Taken together, our data revealed that HDL inhibited mechanical stress-induced cardiac hypertrophy and autophagy through downregulation of AT1 receptor, and HDL ameliorated cardiac hypertrophy and autophagy via Akt-dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Lin
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuebo Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianfeng Xu
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital and Institute of Biomedical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liqing Weng
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Ren
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital and Institute of Biomedical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junbo Ge
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital and Institute of Biomedical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunzeng Zou
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital and Institute of Biomedical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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97
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Yan CH, Li Y, Tian XX, Zhu N, Song HX, Zhang J, Sun MY, Han YL. CREG1 ameliorates myocardial fibrosis associated with autophagy activation and Rab7 expression. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2015; 1852:353-64. [PMID: 25774384 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2014.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In cardiomyocytes subjected to stress, autophagy activation is a critical survival mechanism that preserves cellular energy status while degrading damaged proteins and organelles. However, little is known about the mechanisms that govern this autophagic response. Cellular repressor of E1A genes (CREG1) is an evolutionarily conserved lysosomal protein, and an important new factor in regulating tissues homeostasis that has been shown to antagonize injury of tissues or cells. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the regulatory role of CREG1 in cardiac autophagy, and to clarify autophagy activation mechanisms. First, we generated a CREG1 haploinsufficiency (Creg1(+/-)) mouse model, and identified that CREG1 deficiency aggravates myocardial fibrosis in response to aging or angiotensin II (Ang II). Conversely, exogenous infusion of recombinant CREG1 protein complete reversed cardiac damage. CERG1 deficiency in Creg1(+/-) mouse heart showed a market accumulation of autophagosome that acquired LC3II and beclin-1, and a decrease in autophagic flux clearance as indicated by upregulating the level of p62. Inversely, restoration of CREG1 activates cardiac autophagy, Furthermore, chloroquine, an inhibitor of lysosomal acidification, was used to confirm that CREG1 protected the heart tissue against Ang II-induced fibrosis by activating autophagy. Using adenoviral infection of primary cardiomyocytes, overexpression of CREG1 with concurrent resveratrol treatment significantly increased autophagy, while silencing CREG1 blocked the resveratrol-induced autophagy. These results suggest that CREG1-induced autophagy is required to maintain heart function in the face of stress-induced myocardiac damage. Both in vitro and in vivo studies identified that CREG1 deficiency influenced the maturation of lysosomes and reduced the espression of Rab7, which might be involved in CREG1-induced cardiomyocyte autophagy. These findings suggest that autophagy activation via CREG1 may be a viable therapeutic strategy autophagy for improving cardiac performance under pathologic conditions. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: autophagy and protein quality control in cardiometabolic diseases.
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98
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Yang JW, Zhang YF, Wan CY, Sun ZY, Nie S, Jian SJ, Zhang L, Song GT, Chen Z. Autophagy in SDF-1α-mediated DPSC migration and pulp regeneration. Biomaterials 2015; 44:11-23. [PMID: 25617122 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Revised: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Critical morphological requirements for pulp regeneration are tissues replete with vascularisation, neuron formation, and dentin deposition. Autophagy was recently shown to be related to angiogenesis, neural differentiation, and osteogenesis. The present study aimed to investigate the involvement of autophagy in stromal cell-derived factor-1α (SDF-1α)-mediated dental pulp stem cell (DPSC) migration and pulp regeneration, and identify its presence during pulp revascularisation of pulpectomised dog teeth with complete apical closure. In vitro studies showed that SDF-1α enhanced DPSCs migration and optimised focal adhesion formation and stress fibre assembly, which were accompanied by autophagy. Moreover, autophagy inhibitors significantly suppressed, whereas autophagy activator substantially augmented SDF-1α-stimulated DPSCs migration. Furthermore, after ectopic transplantation of tooth fragment/silk fibroin scaffold with DPSCs into nude mice, pulp-like tissues with vascularity, well-organised fibrous matrix formation, and new dentin deposition along the dentinal wall were generated in SDF-1α-loaded samples accompanied by autophagy. More importantly, in a pulp revascularisation model in situ, SDF-1α-loaded silk fibroin scaffolds improved the de novo ingrowth of pulp-like tissues in pulpectomised mature dog teeth, which correlated with the punctuated LC3 and Atg5 expressions, indicating autophagy. Our findings provide novel insights into the pulp regeneration mechanism, and SDF-1α shows promise for future clinical application in pulp revascularisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Wen Yang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Yu-Feng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Chun-Yan Wan
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Zhe-Yi Sun
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Shuai Nie
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Shu-Juan Jian
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Guang-Tai Song
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China.
| | - Zhi Chen
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China.
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99
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Xie F, Liu W, Feng F, Li X, Yang L, Lv D, Qin X, Li L, Chen L. A static pressure sensitive receptor APJ promote H9c2 cardiomyocyte hypertrophy via PI3K-autophagy pathway. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2014; 46:699-708. [PMID: 24966188 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmu046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
This study is designed to investigate whether APJ receptor acts as a sensor in static pressure-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and to investigate the mechanism of PI3K-autophagy pathway. The left ventricular hypertrophy rat model was established by coarctation of abdominal aorta. H9c2 rat cardiomyocytes were cultured in the presence of static pressure which was given by a custom-made pressure incubator. The results revealed that the expression of apelin/APJ system, PI3K, Akt and their phosphorylation were significantly increased in the operation group. Static pressure up-regulated the APJ expression, PI3K phosphorylation, Akt phosphorylation, LC3-II/I and beclin-1 expression in cardiomyocytes. APJ shRNA pGPU6/Neo-rat-399, PI3K inhibitor LY294002, Akt inhibitor 1701-1 blocked the up-regulation of APJ, PI3K phosphorylation, Akt phosphorylation, LC3-II/I and beclin-1 expression, respectively. Moreover, static pressure increased the diameter, volume, protein content of cells, and these could be reversed when the cells were treated with pGPU6/Neo-rat-399, LY294002, and autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine, respectively. These results suggested that static pressure up-regulates APJ expression to promote cardiomyocyte hypertrophy by a PI3K-autophagy pathway.
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