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Hamid T, Xu Y, Ismahil MA, Rokosh G, Jinno M, Zhou G, Wang Q, Prabhu SD. Cardiac Mesenchymal Stem Cells Promote Fibrosis and Remodeling in Heart Failure: Role of PDGF Signaling. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2022; 7:465-483. [PMID: 35663630 PMCID: PMC9156441 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2022.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is characterized by progressive fibrosis. Both fibroblasts and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can differentiate into pro-fibrotic myofibroblasts. MSCs secrete and express platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and its receptors. We hypothesized that PDGF signaling in cardiac MSCs (cMSCs) promotes their myofibroblast differentiation and aggravates post-myocardial infarction left ventricular remodeling and fibrosis. We show that cMSCs from failing hearts post-myocardial infarction exhibit an altered phenotype. Inhibition of PDGF signaling in vitro inhibited cMSC-myofibroblast differentiation, whereas in vivo inhibition during established ischemic HF alleviated left ventricular remodeling and function, and decreased myocardial fibrosis, hypertrophy, and inflammation. Modulating cMSC PDGF receptor expression may thus represent a novel approach to limit pathologic cardiac fibrosis in HF.
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Key Words
- CCL, C-C motif chemokine ligand
- CCR2, C-C chemokine receptor 2
- DDR2, discoidin domain receptor 2
- DMEM, Dulbecco’s modified Eagle medium
- EDV, end-diastolic volume
- EF, ejection fraction
- ESV, end-systolic volume
- HF, heart failure
- IL, interleukin
- INF, interferon
- LV, left ventricular
- Lin, lineage
- MI, myocardial infarction
- MSC, mesenchymal stem cell
- PBS, phosphate-buffered saline
- PCR, polymerase chain reaction
- PDGF, platelet-derived growth factor
- PDGFR, platelet-derived growth factor receptor
- TGFβ, transforming growth factor beta
- WGA, wheat germ agglutinin
- cDNA, complementary DNA
- cMSC, cardiac mesenchymal stem cell
- cardiac remodeling
- fibrosis
- heart failure
- mRNA, messenger RNA
- mesenchymal stem cells
- myocardial inflammation
- myofibroblasts
- platelet-derived growth factor receptor
- siRNA, small interfering RNA
- α-SMA, alpha smooth muscle actin
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Affiliation(s)
- Tariq Hamid
- Division of Cardiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Yuanyuan Xu
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Mohamed Ameen Ismahil
- Division of Cardiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Gregg Rokosh
- Division of Cardiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Miki Jinno
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Guihua Zhou
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Qiongxin Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Sumanth D. Prabhu
- Division of Cardiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Birmingham VAMC, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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Li M, Wang Y, Li M, Wu X, Setrerrahmane S, Xu H. Integrins as attractive targets for cancer therapeutics. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:2726-2737. [PMID: 34589393 PMCID: PMC8463276 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Integrins are transmembrane receptors that have been implicated in the biology of various human physiological and pathological processes. These molecules facilitate cell–extracellular matrix and cell–cell interactions, and they have been implicated in fibrosis, inflammation, thrombosis, and tumor metastasis. The role of integrins in tumor progression makes them promising targets for cancer treatment, and certain integrin antagonists, such as antibodies and synthetic peptides, have been effectively utilized in the clinic for cancer therapy. Here, we discuss the evidence and knowledge on the contribution of integrins to cancer biology. Furthermore, we summarize the clinical attempts targeting this family in anti-cancer therapy development.
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Key Words
- ADAMs, adisintegrin and metalloproteases
- AJ, adherens junctions
- Antagonists
- CAFs, cancer-associated fibroblasts
- CAR, chimeric antigen receptor
- CRC, colorectal cancer
- CSC, cancer stem cell
- Clinical trial
- ECM, extracellular matrix
- EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor
- EMT, epithelial–mesenchymal transition
- ERK, extracellular regulated kinase
- Extracellular matrix
- FAK, focal adhesion kinase
- FDA, U.S. Food and Drug Administration
- HIF-1α, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α
- HUVECs, human umbilical vein endothelial cells
- ICAMs, intercellular adhesion molecules
- IGFR, insulin-like growth factor receptor
- IMD, integrin-mediated death
- Integrins
- JNK, c-Jun N-terminal kinase 16
- MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase
- MMP2, matrix metalloprotease 2
- NF-κB, nuclear factor-κB
- NSCLC, non-small cell lung cancer
- PDGFR, platelet-derived growth factor receptor
- PI3K, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase
- RGD, Arg-Gly-Asp
- RTKs, receptor tyrosine kinases
- SAPKs, stress-activated MAP kinases
- SDF-1, stromal cell-derived factor-1
- SH2, Src homology 2
- STAT3, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3
- TCGA, The Cancer Genome Atlas
- TICs, tumor initiating cells
- TNF, tumor necrosis factor
- Targeted drug
- Tumor progression
- VCAMs, vascular cell adhesion molecules
- VEGFR, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor
- mAb, monoclonal antibodies
- sdCAR-T, switchable dual-receptor CAR-engineered T
- siRNA, small interference RNA
- uPA, urokinase-type plasminogen activator
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Francisco J, Zhang Y, Jeong JI, Mizushima W, Ikeda S, Ivessa A, Oka S, Zhai P, Tallquist MD, Del Re DP. Blockade of Fibroblast YAP Attenuates Cardiac Fibrosis and Dysfunction Through MRTF-A Inhibition. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2020; 5:931-945. [PMID: 33015415 PMCID: PMC7524792 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2020.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 10/29/2022]
Abstract
Fibrotic remodeling of the heart in response to injury contributes to heart failure, yet therapies to treat fibrosis remain elusive. Yes-associated protein (YAP) is activated in cardiac fibroblasts by myocardial infarction, and genetic inhibition of fibroblast YAP attenuates myocardial infarction-induced cardiac dysfunction and fibrosis. YAP promotes myofibroblast differentiation and associated extracellular matrix gene expression through engagement of TEA domain transcription factor 1 and subsequent de novo expression of myocardin-related transcription factor A. Thus, fibroblast YAP is a promising therapeutic target to prevent fibrotic remodeling and heart failure.
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Key Words
- AngII, angiotensin II
- Hippo signaling
- MCM, Mer-Cre-Mer
- MI, myocardial infarction
- MRTF-A, myocardin-related transcription factor A
- Mkl1, megakaryoblastic leukemia 1
- NRCF, neonatal rat cardiac fibroblast
- PDGFR, platelet-derived growth factor receptor
- PE, phenylephrine
- SMA, smooth muscle actin
- TEAD, TEA domain transcription factor
- TGF, transforming growth factor
- YAP
- YAP, yes-associated protein
- cardiac fibrosis
- heart failure
- mRNA, messenger ribonucleic acid
- myocardial infarction
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie Francisco
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Jae Im Jeong
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Wataru Mizushima
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Shohei Ikeda
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Andreas Ivessa
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Shinichi Oka
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Peiyong Zhai
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Michelle D Tallquist
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Dominic P Del Re
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey
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Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is swiftly increasing in prevalence globally with a high mortality rate. The progression of HCC in patients is induced with advanced fibrosis, mainly cirrhosis, and hepatitis. The absence of proper preventive or curative treatment methods encouraged extensive research against HCC to develop new therapeutic strategies. The Food and Drug Administration-approved Nexavar (sorafenib) is used in the treatment of patients with unresectable HCC. In 2017, Stivarga (regorafenib) and Opdivo (nivolumab) got approved for patients with HCC after being treated with sorafenib, and in 2018, Lenvima (lenvatinib) got approved for patients with unresectable HCC. But, owing to the rapid drug resistance development and toxicities, these treatment options are not completely satisfactory. Therefore, there is an urgent need for new systemic combination therapies that target different signaling mechanisms, thereby decreasing the prospect of cancer cells developing resistance to treatment. In this review, HCC etiology and new therapeutic strategies that include currently approved drugs and other potential candidates of HCC such as Milciclib, palbociclib, galunisertib, ipafricept, and ramucirumab are evaluated.
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Key Words
- AMP, adenosine monophosphate
- AMPK, AMP-activated protein kinase
- ATP, adenosine 5′-triphosphate
- BMF, Bcl2 modifying factor
- BMI, body mass index
- CDK, cyclin-dependent kinase
- CTGF, connective tissue growth factor
- CTL, cytotoxic T lymphocyte
- CTLA, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein
- ECM, extracellular matrix
- EFGR, endothelial growth factor receptor
- EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor
- EMT, Epithelial–mesenchymal transition
- ERK, extracellular signal-regulated kinase
- FDA, Food and Drug Administration
- GFG, fibroblast growth factor
- HBV, hepatitis B virus
- HBcAg, hepatitis B core antibody
- HBsAg, HBV surface antigen
- HCC, Hepatocellular carcinoma
- HCV, hepatitis B virus
- HDV, hepatitis D virus
- HIF, hypoxia-inducible factor
- HIV, human immunodeficiency virus
- IGFR, insulin-like growth factor
- JAK, janus kinase
- MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase
- MDSC, myeloid-derived suppressor cell
- NASH, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
- NK, natural killer
- NKT, natural killer T cell
- ORR, objective response rate
- OS, overall survival
- PAPSS1, 3′-phosphoadenosine 5′-phosphosulfate synthase 1
- PD-L1, programmed death ligand1
- PD1, programmed cell death protein 1
- PDGFR, platelet-derived growth factor receptor
- PEDF, pigment epithelium-derived factor
- PFS, progression-free survival
- PI3K, phosphoinositide 3-kinases
- PTEN, phosphatase and tensin homolog
- PUMA, p53 upregulated modulator of apoptosis
- RFA, radiofrequency ablation
- Rb, retinoblastoma protein
- SCF, stem cell factor
- SHP1, src homology 2 domain–containing phosphatase 1
- STAT3, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3
- TACE, transarterial chemoembolization
- TGF 1, transforming growth factor-1
- TK, tyrosine kinase
- TKI, Tyrosine kinase inhibitor
- TRKA, tropomyosin receptor kinase A
- Treg, regulatory T cells
- VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor
- VEGFR, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor
- bFGF, basic fibroblast growth factor
- combination therapy
- cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors
- hepatocellular carcinoma
- hepatology
- tyrosine kinase inhibitors
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Affiliation(s)
- Aastha Jindal
- Research and Development Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Doylestown, PA 18902, USA
- Address for correspondence: Aastha Jindal, Research and Development Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Doylestown, PA 18902, USA.
| | - Anusha Thadi
- Research and Development Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Doylestown, PA 18902, USA
| | - Kunwar Shailubhai
- Research and Development Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Doylestown, PA 18902, USA
- Research & Development, Tiziana Lifesciences, Doylestown, PA 18902, USA
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Doycheva I, Thuluvath PJ. Systemic Therapy for Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma: An Update of a Rapidly Evolving Field. J Clin Exp Hepatol 2019; 9:588-596. [PMID: 31695249 PMCID: PMC6823698 DOI: 10.1016/j.jceh.2019.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) incidence and mortality have shown an unfavorable upward trend over the last two decades, especially in developed countries. More than one-sixth of the patients have advanced HCC at presentation. Systemic therapy remains the treatment of choice for these patients. Current options include tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and immunotherapy. This review aims to summarize current knowledge on the rapidly evolving field of systemic therapy with several newly approved medications over the last year. Sorafenib remains one of the first-line treatment choices for patients with hepatitis C etiology, intermediate to advanced HCC stage, and Child-Pugh class A. Lenvatinib is the other first-line drug that might have better efficacy in non-hepatitis C etiologies and advanced HCC without portal vein thrombosis. Patients intolerant to first-line therapy might benefit from immunotherapy with nivolumab or pembrolizumab. In those who fail first-line therapy, the choice should be based on the side effects related to previous treatment, performance status, and underlying liver dysfunction. Ongoing studies are investigating immunotherapy alone or immunotherapy in combination with TKIs as first-line therapy. Several second-line options for combination systemic therapy and systemic plus local-regional treatment are under investigation. Future studies should focus on identifying reliable biomarkers to predict response to therapy and to better stratify patients at high risk for progression. Multidisciplinary approach is pivotal for successful outcomes in patients with advanced HCC.
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Key Words
- AFP, alpha-fetoprotein
- ATP, adenosine triphosphate
- BCLC, Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer
- CI, confidence interval
- CTLA-4, cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4
- CTP, Child-Turcotte-Pugh
- ECOG, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group
- EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor
- FDA, Food and Drug Administration
- FGFR, fibroblast growth factor receptor
- HBV, hepatitis B virus
- HCC
- HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma
- HCV, hepatitis C virus
- HR, hazard ratio
- LRT, local-regional therapy
- LT, liver transplantation
- OS, overall survival
- PD-1, programmed cell death-1
- PDGFR, platelet-derived growth factor receptor
- PFS, progression-free survival
- RCT, randomized controlled trial
- RTK, receptor tyrosine kinase
- TACE, transarterial chemoembolization
- TEAE, treatment-emergent adverse effect
- TKI, tyrosine kinase inhibitor
- TTP, time to progression
- VEGFR, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor
- combination therapy
- immunotherapy
- irAE, immune-related adverse events
- systemic therapy
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Affiliation(s)
- Iliana Doycheva
- Institute for Digestive Heath and Liver Disease, Mercy Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Paul J. Thuluvath
- Institute for Digestive Heath and Liver Disease, Mercy Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA,University of Maryland School of Medicine, 655 W Baltimore S, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA,Address for correspondence: Paul J. Thuluvath, MD Institute for Digestive Health and Liver Disease, Mercy Medical Center, 301 St. Paul Place, Baltimore, MD, 21202, USA.
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6
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Tang H, Wu K, Wang J, Vinjamuri S, Gu Y, Song S, Wang Z, Zhang Q, Balistrieri A, Ayon RJ, Rischard F, Vanderpool R, Chen J, Zhou G, Desai AA, Black SM, Garcia JGN, Yuan JXJ, Makino A. Pathogenic Role of mTORC1 and mTORC2 in Pulmonary Hypertension. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2018; 3:744-762. [PMID: 30623134 PMCID: PMC6314964 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2018.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors and tyrosine kinase receptors signal through the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt/mTOR pathway to induce cell proliferation, survival, and growth. mTOR is a kinase present in 2 functionally distinct complexes, mTORC1 and mTORC2. Functional disruption of mTORC1 by knockout of Raptor (regulatory associated protein of mammalian target of rapamycin) in smooth muscle cells ameliorated the development of experimental PH. Functional disruption of mTORC2 by knockout of Rictor (rapamycin insensitive companion of mammalian target of rapamycin) caused spontaneous PH by up-regulating platelet-derived growth factor receptors. Use of mTOR inhibitors (e.g., rapamycin) to treat PH should be accompanied by inhibitors of platelet-derived growth factor receptors (e.g., imatinib).
Concentric lung vascular wall thickening due to enhanced proliferation of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells is an important pathological cause for the elevated pulmonary vascular resistance reported in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. We identified a differential role of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) complex 1 and complex 2, two functionally distinct mTOR complexes, in the development of pulmonary hypertension (PH). Inhibition of mTOR complex 1 attenuated the development of PH; however, inhibition of mTOR complex 2 caused spontaneous PH, potentially due to up-regulation of platelet-derived growth factor receptors in pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells, and compromised the therapeutic effect of the mTOR inhibitors on PH. In addition, we describe a promising therapeutic strategy using combination treatment with the mTOR inhibitors and the platelet-derived growth factor receptor inhibitors on PH and right ventricular hypertrophy. The data from this study provide an important mechanism-based perspective for developing novel therapies for patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension and right heart failure.
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Key Words
- EC, endothelial cell
- FOXO3a, Forkhead box O3a
- GPCR, G protein-coupled receptor
- HPH, hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension
- PA, pulmonary artery
- PAEC, pulmonary arterial endothelial cell
- PAH, pulmonary arterial hypertension
- PASMC, pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell
- PDGF, platelet-derived growth factor
- PDGFR, platelet-derived growth factor receptor
- PH, pulmonary hypertension
- PI3K, phosphoinositide 3-kinase
- PTEN, phosphatase and tensin homolog
- PVR, pulmonary vascular resistance
- RVH, right ventricular hypertrophy
- RVSP, right ventricular systolic pressure
- Raptor
- Raptor, regulatory associated protein of mammalian target of rapamycin
- Rictor
- Rictor, rapamycin insensitive companion of mammalian target of rapamycin
- SM, smooth muscle
- TKR, tyrosine kinase receptor
- WT, wild-type
- mTOR
- mTORC1, mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1
- mTORC2, mammalian target of rapamycin complex 2
- pAKT, phosphorylated AKT
- pulmonary hypertension
- right ventricle
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Tang
- Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona.,State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kang Wu
- Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona.,State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona.,State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sujana Vinjamuri
- Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Yali Gu
- Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Shanshan Song
- Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Ziyi Wang
- Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona.,State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona.,State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Physiology, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Angela Balistrieri
- Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Ramon J Ayon
- Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Franz Rischard
- Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona.,Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Rebecca Vanderpool
- Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Jiwang Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Guofei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ankit A Desai
- Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Stephen M Black
- Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona.,Department of Physiology, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Joe G N Garcia
- Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona.,Department of Physiology, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona.,Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Jason X-J Yuan
- Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona.,State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Physiology, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Ayako Makino
- Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona.,Department of Physiology, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona
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7
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Affiliation(s)
- Carole Bitar
- Department of Dermatology, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Azeen Sadeghian
- Department of Dermatology, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Lacey Sullivan
- Department of Dermatopathology, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Andrea Murina
- Department of Dermatology, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana
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8
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Inglis DJ, Lavranos TC, Beaumont DM, Leske AF, Brown CK, Hall AJ, Kremmidiotis G. The vascular disrupting agent BNC105 potentiates the efficacy of VEGF and mTOR inhibitors in renal and breast cancer. Cancer Biol Ther 2015; 15:1552-60. [PMID: 25482941 DOI: 10.4161/15384047.2014.956605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BNC105 is a tubulin targeting compound that selectively disrupts vasculature within solid tumors. The severe tumor hypoxia and necrosis that ensues translates to short term tumor growth inhibition. We sought to identify the molecular and cellular events activated following BNC105 treatment that drives tumor recovery. We investigated tumor adaptation to BNC105-induced hypoxia in animal models of breast and renal cancer. HIF-1α and GLUT-1 were found to be strongly upregulated by BNC105 as was the VEGF signaling axis. Phosphorylation of mTOR, 4E-BP-1 and elF2α were upregulated, consistent with increased protein synthesis and increased expression of VEGF-A. We sought to investigate the potential therapeutic utility of combining BNC105 with agents targeting VEGF and mTOR signaling. Bevacizumab and pazopanib target the VEGF axis and have been approved for first line use in renal cancer. Everolimus targets mTOR and is currently approved in second line therapy of renal and particular breast cancers. We combined these agents with BNC105 to explore the effects on tumor vasculature, tumor growth inhibition and animal survival. Bevacizumab hindered tumor vascular recovery following BNC105 treatment leading to greater tumor growth inhibition in a breast cancer model. Consistent with this, addition of BNC105 to pazopanib treatment resulted in a significant increase in survival in an orthotopic renal cancer model. Combination treatment of BNC105 with everolimus also increased tumor growth inhibition. BNC105 is currently being evaluated in a randomized phase II clinical trial in combination with everolimus in renal cancer.
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Key Words
- 4EBP1, eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E binding protein 1
- GLUT-1, glucose transporter 1
- H&E, hematoxylin and eosin.
- HIF1α, hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha
- IFNα, interferon α
- NSCLC, non-small-cell lung carcinoma
- PDGFR, platelet-derived growth factor receptor
- PERK, protein kinase-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase
- PFS, progression free survival
- TKI, tyrosine kinase inhibitor
- VDA, vascular disrupting agent
- VEGF
- VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor
- breast
- eIF2a, eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2a
- hypoxia
- mTOR
- mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin
- renal
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Abstract
Blood vessels and the lymphatic vasculature are extensive tubular networks formed by endothelial cells that have several indispensable functions in the developing and adult organism. During growth and tissue regeneration but also in many pathological settings, these vascular networks expand, which is critically controlled by the receptor EphB4 and the ligand ephrin-B2. An increasing body of evidence links Eph/ephrin molecules to the function of other receptor tyrosine kinases and cell surface receptors. In the endothelium, ephrin-B2 is required for clathrin-dependent internalization and full signaling activity of VEGFR2, the main receptor for vascular endothelial growth factor. In vascular smooth muscle cells, ephrin-B2 antagonizes clathrin-dependent endocytosis of PDGFRβ and controls the balanced activation of different signal transduction processes after stimulation with platelet-derived growth factor. This review summarizes the important roles of Eph/ephrin molecules in vascular morphogenesis and explains the function of ephrin-B2 as a molecular hub for receptor endocytosis in the vasculature.
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Key Words
- Ang, angiopoietin
- CHC, clathrin heavy chains
- CLASP, clathrin-associated-sorting protein
- CV, cardinal vein
- DA, dorsal aorta
- EC, endothelial cell
- EEA1, early antigen 1
- Eph
- Ephrin-B2ΔV, ephrin-B2 deletion of C-terminal PDZ binding motif
- HSPG, heparan sulfate proteoglycan
- JNK, c-Jun N-terminal kinase
- LEC, lymphatic endothelial cells
- LRP1, Low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1
- MVB, multivesicular body
- NRP, neuropilin
- PC, pericytes
- PDGF, platelet-derived growth factor
- PDGFR, platelet-derived growth factor receptor
- PTC, peritubular capillary
- PlGF, placental growth factor
- RTK, receptor tyrosine kinase
- VEGF, Vascular endothelial growth factor
- VEGFR, Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor
- VSMC, vascular smooth muscle cells.
- aPKC, atypical protein kinase C
- endocytosis
- endothelial cells
- ephrin
- mural cells
- receptor
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara E Pitulescu
- a Department of Tissue Morphogenesis; Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine; and Faculty of Medicine , University of Münster ; Münster , Germany
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Shimizu M, Shirakami Y, Moriwaki H. Targeting receptor tyrosine kinases for chemoprevention by green tea catechin, EGCG. Int J Mol Sci. 2008;9:1034-1049. [PMID: 19325845 PMCID: PMC2658783 DOI: 10.3390/ijms9061034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2008] [Revised: 06/04/2008] [Accepted: 06/04/2008] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Tea is one of the most popular beverages consumed worldwide. Epidemiologic studies show an inverse relationship between consumption of tea, especially green tea, and development of cancers. Numerous in vivo and in vitro studies indicate strong chemopreventive effects for green tea and its constituents against cancers of various organs. (–)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the major catechin in green tea, appears to be the most biologically active constituent in tea with respect to inhibiting cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis in cancer cells. Recent studies indicate that the receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are one of the critical targets of EGCG to inhibit cancer cell growth. EGCG inhibits the activation of EGFR (erbB1), HER2 (neu/erbB2) and also HER3 (neu/erbB3), which belong to subclass I of the RTK superfamily, in various types of human cancer cells. The activation of IGF-1 and VEGF receptors, the other members of RTK family, is also inhibited by EGCG. In addition, EGCG alters membrane lipid organization and thus inhibits the dimerization and activation of EGFR. Therefore, EGCG inhibits the Ras/MAPK and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways, which are RTK-related cell signaling pathways, as well as the activation of AP-1 and NF-κB, thereby modulating the expression of target genes which are associated with induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in cancer cells. These findings are significant because abnormalities in the expression and function of RTKs and their downstream effectors play a critical role in the development of several types of human malignancies. In this paper we review evidence indicating that EGCG exerts anticancer effects, at least in part, through inhibition of activation of the specific RTKs and conclude that targeting RTKs and related signaling pathway by tea catechins might be a promising strategy for the prevention of human cancers.
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Key Words
- AP-1, activator protein-1
- COX-2, cyclooxygenase-2
- EC, (–)-epicatechin
- ECG, epicatechin-3-gallate
- EGC, (–)-epigallocatechin
- EGCG
- EGCG, (–)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate
- EGF, epidermal growth factor
- EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor
- ERK, extracellular signal-regulated kinase
- FGF, fibroblast growth factor
- FGFR, fibroblast growth factor receptor
- HNSCC, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
- IGF-1, insulin-like growth factor-1
- IGF-1R, insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor
- IGFBP, insulin-like growth factor-binding protein
- IKKα, inhibitor of κB kinase-α
- IκBα, inhibitor of κB-α
- LR, laminin receptor
- MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase
- MEK, mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase
- MMP, matrix metalloproteinase
- PDGF, platelet-derived growth factor
- PDGFR, platelet-derived growth factor receptor
- PGE2prostaglandin E2
- PI3K, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase
- Poly E, polyphenon E
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- RTK
- RTK, receptor tyrosine kinase
- Stat, signal transducers and activator of transcription
- TGFα, transforming growth factor-α
- TRAMP, transgenic adenocarcinoma of mouse prostate
- Tea catechins
- UV, ultraviolet
- VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor
- VEGFR, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor
- cell signaling pathway
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