51
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Sehar U, Rawat P, Reddy AP, Kopel J, Reddy PH. Amyloid Beta in Aging and Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:12924. [PMID: 36361714 PMCID: PMC9655207 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232112924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects behavior, thinking, learning, and memory in elderly individuals. AD occurs in two forms, early onset familial and late-onset sporadic; genetic mutations in PS1, PS2, and APP genes cause early onset familial AD, and a combination of lifestyle, environment and genetic factors causes the late-onset sporadic form of the disease. However, accelerated disease progression is noticed in patients with familial AD. Disease-causing pathological changes are synaptic damage, and mitochondrial structural and functional changes, in addition to increased production and accumulation of phosphorylated tau (p-tau), and amyloid beta (Aβ) in the affected brain regions in AD patients. Aβ is a peptide derived from amyloid precursor protein (APP) by proteolytic cleavage of beta and gamma secretases. APP is a glycoprotein that plays a significant role in maintaining neuronal homeostasis like signaling, neuronal development, and intracellular transport. Aβ is reported to have both protective and toxic effects in neurons. The purpose of our article is to summarize recent developments of Aβ and its association with synapses, mitochondria, microglia, astrocytes, and its interaction with p-tau. Our article also covers the therapeutic strategies that reduce Aβ toxicities in disease progression and discusses the reasons for the failures of Aβ therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ujala Sehar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Priyanka Rawat
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Arubala P. Reddy
- Nutritional Sciences Department, College of Human Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Jonathan Kopel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - P. Hemachandra Reddy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
- Nutritional Sciences Department, College of Human Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
- Neurology, Departments of School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
- Public Health Department of Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
- Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, School Health Professions, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
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52
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Zhou B, Yan X, Yang L, Zheng X, Chen Y, Liu Y, Ren Y, Peng J, Zhang Y, Huang J, Tang L, Wen M. Effects of arginine vasopressin on the transcriptome of prefrontal cortex in autistic rat model. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:5493-5505. [PMID: 36239083 PMCID: PMC9639040 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous studies have also demonstrated that AVP can significantly improve social interaction disorders and stereotypical behaviours in rats with VPA‐induced autism model. To further explore the mechanisms of action of AVP, we compared the PFC transcriptome changes before and after AVP treatment in VPA‐induced autism rat model. The autism model was induced by intraperitoneally injected with VPA at embryonic day 12.5 and randomly assigned to two groups: the VPA‐induced autism model group and the AVP treatment group. The AVP treatment group were treated with intranasal AVP at postnatal day 21 and for 3 weeks. The gene expression levels and function changes on the prefrontal cortex were measured by RNA‐seq and bioinformatics analysis at PND42 and the mRNA expression levels of synaptic and myelin development related genes were validated by qPCR. Our results confirmed that AVP could significantly improve synaptic and axon dysplasia and promote oligodendrocyte development in the prefrontal cortex in VPA‐induced autism models by regulating multiple signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China.,Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China.,College of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China
| | - Xuehui Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China.,Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China.,College of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Department of Neurology, Wuhan Third Hospital (Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University), Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoli Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China.,Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China.,College of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China
| | - Yunhua Chen
- College of Basic Medical, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China
| | - Yibu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China.,Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China.,College of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China
| | - Yibing Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China.,Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China.,College of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China
| | - Jingang Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China.,Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China.,College of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China.,Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China.,College of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China
| | - Jiayu Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China.,Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China.,College of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China
| | - Lei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China.,Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China.,College of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China
| | - Min Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China.,Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China.,College of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China
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53
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Gelon PA, Dutchak PA, Sephton CF. Synaptic dysfunction in ALS and FTD: anatomical and molecular changes provide insights into mechanisms of disease. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:1000183. [PMID: 36263379 PMCID: PMC9575515 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.1000183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Synaptic loss is a pathological feature of all neurodegenerative diseases including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). ALS is a disease of the cortical and spinal motor neurons resulting in fatal paralysis due to denervation of muscles. FTD is a form of dementia that primarily affects brain regions controlling cognition, language and behavior. Once classified as two distinct diseases, ALS and FTD are now considered as part of a common disease spectrum based on overlapping clinical, pathological and genetic evidence. At the cellular level, aggregation of common proteins and overlapping gene susceptibilities are shared in both ALS and FTD. Despite the convergence of these two fields of research, the underlying disease mechanisms remain elusive. However, recent discovers from ALS and FTD patient studies and models of ALS/FTD strongly suggests that synaptic dysfunction is an early event in the disease process and a unifying hallmark of these diseases. This review provides a summary of the reported anatomical and cellular changes that occur in cortical and spinal motor neurons in ALS and FTD tissues and models of disease. We also highlight studies that identify changes in the proteome and transcriptome of ALS and FTD models and provide a conceptual overview of the processes that contribute to synaptic dysfunction in these diseases. Due to space limitations and the vast number of publications in the ALS and FTD fields, many articles have not been discussed in this review. As such, this review focuses on the three most common shared mutations in ALS and FTD, the hexanucleuotide repeat expansion within intron 1 of chromosome 9 open reading frame 72 (C9ORF72), transactive response DNA binding protein 43 (TARDBP or TDP-43) and fused in sarcoma (FUS), with the intention of highlighting common pathways that promote synaptic dysfunction in the ALS-FTD disease spectrum.
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Van Hook MJ. Influences of Glaucoma on the Structure and Function of Synapses in the Visual System. Antioxid Redox Signal 2022; 37:842-861. [PMID: 35044228 PMCID: PMC9587776 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Glaucoma is an age-related neurodegenerative disorder of the visual system associated with sensitivity to intraocular pressure (IOP). It is the leading irreversible cause of vision loss worldwide, and vision loss results from damage and dysfunction of the retinal output neurons known as retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Recent Advances: Elevated IOP and optic nerve injury triggers pruning of RGC dendrites, altered morphology of excitatory inputs from presynaptic bipolar cells, and disrupted RGC synaptic function. Less is known about RGC outputs, although evidence to date indicates that glaucoma is associated with altered mitochondrial and synaptic structure and function in RGC-projection targets in the brain. These early functional changes likely contribute to vision loss and might be a window into early diagnosis and treatment. Critical Issues: Glaucoma affects different RGC populations to varying extents and along distinct time courses. The influence of glaucoma on RGC synaptic function as well as the mechanisms underlying these effects remain to be determined. Since RGCs are an especially energetically demanding population of neurons, altered intracellular axon transport of mitochondria and mitochondrial function might contribute to RGC synaptic dysfunction in the retina and brain as well as RGC vulnerability in glaucoma. Future Directions: The mechanisms underlying differential RGC vulnerability remain to be determined. Moreover, the timing and mechanisms of RGCs synaptic dysfunction and degeneration will provide valuable insight into the disease process in glaucoma. Future work will be able to capitalize on these findings to better design diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to detect disease and prevent vision loss. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 37, 842-861.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Van Hook
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Science and Truhlsen Eye Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
- Department of Cellular & Integrative Physiology, Truhlsen Eye Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
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55
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Ayeni EA, Aldossary AM, Ayejoto DA, Gbadegesin LA, Alshehri AA, Alfassam HA, Afewerky HK, Almughem FA, Bello SM, Tawfik EA. Neurodegenerative Diseases: Implications of Environmental and Climatic Influences on Neurotransmitters and Neuronal Hormones Activities. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph191912495. [PMID: 36231792 PMCID: PMC9564880 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative and neuronal-related diseases are major public health concerns. Human vulnerability to neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) increases with age. Neuronal hormones and neurotransmitters are major determinant factors regulating brain structure and functions. The implications of environmental and climatic changes emerged recently as influence factors on numerous diseases. However, the complex interaction of neurotransmitters and neuronal hormones and their depletion under environmental and climatic influences on NDDs are not well established in the literature. In this review, we aim to explore the connection between the environmental and climatic factors to NDDs and to highlight the available and potential therapeutic interventions that could use to improve the quality of life and reduce susceptibility to NDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel A. Ayeni
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ahmad M. Aldossary
- National Center of Biotechnology, Life Science and Environment Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh 12354, Saudi Arabia
| | - Daniel A. Ayejoto
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, University of Ilorin, Ilorin 240003, Nigeria
| | - Lanre A. Gbadegesin
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Abdullah A. Alshehri
- National Center of Biotechnology, Life Science and Environment Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh 12354, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haya A. Alfassam
- KACST-BWH Center of Excellence for Biomedicine, Joint Centers of Excellence Program, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh 12354, Saudi Arabia
| | - Henok K. Afewerky
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- School of Allied Health Professions, Asmara College of Health Sciences, Asmara P.O. Box 1220, Eritrea
| | - Fahad A. Almughem
- National Center of Biotechnology, Life Science and Environment Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh 12354, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saidu M. Bello
- Institute of Pharmacognosy, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Essam A. Tawfik
- National Center of Biotechnology, Life Science and Environment Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh 12354, Saudi Arabia
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56
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Ghaffari LT, Trotti D, Haeusler AR, Jensen BK. Breakdown of the central synapses in C9orf72-linked ALS/FTD. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:1005112. [PMID: 36187344 PMCID: PMC9523884 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.1005112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive, fatal neurodegenerative disease that leads to the death of motor and cortical neurons. The clinical manifestations of ALS are heterogenous, and efficacious treatments to significantly slow the progression of the disease are lacking. Cortical hyper-excitability is observed pre-symptomatically across disease-causative genetic variants, as well as in the early stages of sporadic ALS, and typically precedes motor neuron involvement and overt neurodegeneration. The causes of cortical hyper-excitability are not yet fully understood but is mainly agreed to be an early event. The identification of the nucleotide repeat expansion (GGGGCC)n in the C9ORF72 gene has provided evidence that ALS and another neurodegenerative disease, frontotemporal dementia (FTD), are part of a disease spectrum with common genetic origins. ALS and FTD are diseases in which synaptic dysfunction is reported throughout disease onset and stages of progression. It has become apparent that ALS/FTD-causative genes, such as C9ORF72, may have roles in maintaining the normal physiology of the synapse, as mutations in these genes often manifest in synaptic dysfunction. Here we review the dysfunctions of the central nervous system synapses associated with the nucleotide repeat expansion in C9ORF72 observed in patients, organismal, and cellular models of ALS and FTD.
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57
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Krakovski MA, Arora N, Jain S, Glover J, Dombrowski K, Hernandez B, Yadav H, Sarma AK. Diet-microbiome-gut-brain nexus in acute and chronic brain injury. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:1002266. [PMID: 36188471 PMCID: PMC9523267 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1002266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, appreciation for the gut microbiome and its relationship to human health has emerged as a facilitator of maintaining healthy physiology and a contributor to numerous human diseases. The contribution of the microbiome in modulating the gut-brain axis has gained significant attention in recent years, extensively studied in chronic brain injuries such as Epilepsy and Alzheimer’s Disease. Furthermore, there is growing evidence that gut microbiome also contributes to acute brain injuries like stroke(s) and traumatic brain injury. Microbiome-gut-brain communications are bidirectional and involve metabolite production and modulation of immune and neuronal functions. The microbiome plays two distinct roles: it beneficially modulates immune system and neuronal functions; however, abnormalities in the host’s microbiome also exacerbates neuronal damage or delays the recovery from acute injuries. After brain injury, several inflammatory changes, such as the necrosis and apoptosis of neuronal tissue, propagates downward inflammatory signals to disrupt the microbiome homeostasis; however, microbiome dysbiosis impacts the upward signaling to the brain and interferes with recovery in neuronal functions and brain health. Diet is a superlative modulator of microbiome and is known to impact the gut-brain axis, including its influence on acute and neuronal injuries. In this review, we discussed the differential microbiome changes in both acute and chronic brain injuries, as well as the therapeutic importance of modulation by diets and probiotics. We emphasize the mechanistic studies based on animal models and their translational or clinical relationship by reviewing human studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Niraj Arora
- Department of Neurology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Shalini Jain
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Jennifer Glover
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Keith Dombrowski
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Beverly Hernandez
- Clinical Nutrition Services, Tampa General Hospital, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Hariom Yadav
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
- USF Center for Microbiome Research, Microbiomes Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
- *Correspondence: Hariom Yadav,
| | - Anand Karthik Sarma
- Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
- Department of Neurology, Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
- Anand Karthik Sarma,
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58
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Imbriani P, Martella G, Bonsi P, Pisani A. Oxidative stress and synaptic dysfunction in rodent models of Parkinson's disease. Neurobiol Dis 2022; 173:105851. [PMID: 36007757 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a multifactorial disorder involving a complex interplay between a variety of genetic and environmental factors. In this scenario, mitochondrial impairment and oxidative stress are widely accepted as crucial neuropathogenic mechanisms, as also evidenced by the identification of PD-associated genes that are directly involved in mitochondrial function. The concept of mitochondrial dysfunction is closely linked to that of synaptic dysfunction. Indeed, compelling evidence supports the role of mitochondria in synaptic transmission and plasticity, although many aspects have not yet been fully elucidated. Here, we will provide a brief overview of the most relevant evidence obtained in different neurotoxin-based and genetic rodent models of PD, focusing on mitochondrial impairment and synaptopathy, an early central event preceding overt nigrostriatal neurodegeneration. The identification of early deficits occurring in PD pathogenesis is crucial in view of the development of potential disease-modifying therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Imbriani
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Plasticity, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Martella
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Plasticity, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Bonsi
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Plasticity, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Pisani
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy.
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Synaptic Effects of Palmitoylethanolamide in Neurodegenerative Disorders. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12081161. [PMID: 36009055 PMCID: PMC9405819 DOI: 10.3390/biom12081161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence strongly supports the key role of neuroinflammation in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease, frontotemporal dementia, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neuroinflammation may alter synaptic transmission contributing to the progression of neurodegeneration, as largely documented in animal models and in patients’ studies. In the last few years, palmitoylethanolamide (PEA), an endogenous lipid mediator, and its new composite, which is a formulation constituted of PEA and the well-recognized antioxidant flavonoid luteolin (Lut) subjected to an ultra-micronization process (co-ultraPEALut), has been identified as a potential therapeutic agent in different disorders by exerting potential beneficial effects on neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation by modulating synaptic transmission. In this review, we will show the potential therapeutic effects of PEA in animal models and in patients affected by neurodegenerative disorders.
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Integrated Excitatory/Inhibitory Imbalance and Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals the Association between Dysregulated Synaptic Genes and Anesthetic-Induced Cognitive Dysfunction. Cells 2022; 11:cells11162497. [PMID: 36010580 PMCID: PMC9406780 DOI: 10.3390/cells11162497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence from human epidemiologic and animal studies has demonstrated that developmental anesthesia neurotoxicity could cause long-term cognitive deficits and behavioral problems. However, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. We conducted an electrophysiological analysis of synapse activity and a transcriptomic assay of 24,881 mRNA expression on hippocampal tissues from postnatal day 60 (P60) mice receiving propofol exposure at postnatal day 7 (P7). We found that developmentally propofol-exposed P60 mouse hippocampal neurons displayed an E/I imbalance, compared with control mice as evidenced by the decreased excitation and increased inhibition. We found that propofol exposure at P7 led to the abnormal expression of 317 mRNAs in the hippocampus of P60 mice, including 23 synapse-related genes. Various bioinformatic analyses revealed that these abnormally expressed synaptic genes were associated with the function and development of synapse activity and plasticity, E/I balance, behavior, and cognitive impairment. Our findings suggest that the altered E/I balance may constitute a mechanism for propofol-induced long-term impaired learning and memory in mice. The transcriptomic and bioinformatic analysis of these dysregulated genes related to synaptic function paves the way for development of therapeutic strategies against anesthetic neurodegeneration through the restoration of E/I balance and the modification of synaptic gene expression.
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Lemarchant S, Sourioux M, Le Douce J, Henriques A, Callizot N, Hugues S, Farinelli M, Godfrin Y. NX210c Peptide Promotes Glutamatergic Receptor-Mediated Synaptic Transmission and Signaling in the Mouse Central Nervous System. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23168867. [PMID: 36012124 PMCID: PMC9408760 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23168867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
NX210c is a disease-modifying dodecapeptide derived from the subcommissural organ-spondin that is under preclinical and clinical development for the treatment of neurological disorders. Here, using whole-cell patch-clamp recordings, we demonstrate that NX210c increased α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR)- and GluN2A-containing N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (GluN2A-NMDAR)-mediated excitatory postsynaptic currents in the brain. Accordingly, using extracellular field excitatory postsynaptic potential recordings, an enhancement of synaptic transmission was shown in the presence of NX210c in two different neuronal circuits. Furthermore, the modulation of synaptic transmission and GluN2A-NMDAR-driven signaling by NX210c restored memory in mice chronically treated with the NMDAR antagonist phencyclidine. Overall, by promoting glutamatergic receptor-related neurotransmission and signaling, NX210c represents an innovative therapeutic opportunity for patients suffering from CNS disorders, injuries, and states with crippling synaptic dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sighild Lemarchant
- Axoltis Pharma, 60 Avenue Rockefeller, 69008 Lyon, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-4-72-62-17-36
| | | | | | | | - Noëlle Callizot
- Neuro-Sys, 410 Chemin Départemental 60, 13120 Gardanne, France
| | - Sandrine Hugues
- E-Phy-Science, Bioparc, 2400 Routes de Colles, Sophia Antipolis, 06410 Biot, France
| | - Mélissa Farinelli
- E-Phy-Science, Bioparc, 2400 Routes de Colles, Sophia Antipolis, 06410 Biot, France
| | - Yann Godfrin
- Axoltis Pharma, 60 Avenue Rockefeller, 69008 Lyon, France
- Godfrin Life-Sciences, 8 Impasse de la Source, 69300 Caluire-et-Cuire, France
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Horvath PM, Piazza MK, Kavalali ET, Monteggia LM. MeCP2 loss-of-function dysregulates microRNAs regionally and disrupts excitatory/inhibitory synaptic transmission balance. Hippocampus 2022; 32:610-623. [PMID: 35851733 PMCID: PMC9344394 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Rett syndrome is a leading cause of intellectual disability in females primarily caused by loss of function mutations in the transcriptional regulator MeCP2. Loss of MeCP2 leads to a host of synaptic phenotypes that are believed to underlie Rett syndrome pathophysiology. Synaptic deficits vary by brain region upon MeCP2 loss, suggesting distinct molecular alterations leading to disparate synaptic outcomes. In this study, we examined the contribution of MeCP2's newly described role in miRNA regulation to regional molecular and synaptic impairments. Two miRNAs, miR-101a and miR-203, were identified and confirmed as upregulated in MeCP2 KO mice in the hippocampus and cortex, respectively. miR-101a overexpression in hippocampal cultures led to opposing effects at excitatory and inhibitory synapses and in spontaneous and evoked neurotransmission, revealing the potential for a single miRNA to broadly regulate synapse function in the hippocampus. These results highlight the importance of regional alterations in miRNA expression and the specific impact on synaptic function with potential implications for Rett syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia M. Horvath
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA,Department of Neuroscience, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Michelle K. Piazza
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA,Neuroscience Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Ege T. Kavalali
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA,Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Lisa M. Monteggia
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA,Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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Chakravorty A, Sharma A, Sheeba V, Manjithaya R. Glutamatergic Synapse Dysfunction in Drosophila Neuromuscular Junctions Can Be Rescued by Proteostasis Modulation. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:842772. [PMID: 35909443 PMCID: PMC9337869 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.842772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the nervous system, and the Drosophila glutamatergic neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) offer a tractable platform to understand excitatory synapse biology both in health and disease. Synaptopathies are neurodegenerative diseases that are associated with synaptic dysfunction and often display compromised proteostasis. One such rare, progressive neurodegenerative condition, Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 3 (SCA3) or Machado-Joseph Disease (MJD), is characterized by cerebellar ataxia, Parkinsonism, and degeneration of motor neuron synapses. While the polyQ repeat mutant protein ataxin-3 is implicated in MJD, it is unclear how it leads to impaired synaptic function. In this study, we indicated that a Drosophila model of MJD recapitulates characteristics of neurodegenerative disorders marked by motor neuron dysfunction. Expression of 78 polyQ repeats of mutant ataxin-3 protein in Drosophila motor neurons resulted in behavioral defects, such as impaired locomotion in both larval and adult stages. Furthermore, defects in eclosion and lifespan were observed in adult flies. Detailed characterization of larval glutamatergic neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) revealed defects in morphological features along with compromised NMJ functioning. Autophagy, one of the key proteostasis pathways, is known to be impaired in the case of several synaptopathies. Our study reveals that overexpression of the autophagy-related protein Atg8a rescued behavioral defects. Thus, we present a model for glutamatergic synapse dysfunction that recapitulates synaptic and behavioral deficits and show that it is an amenable system for carrying out genetic and chemical biology screens to identify potential therapeutic targets for synaptopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anushka Chakravorty
- Autophagy Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore, India
| | - Ankit Sharma
- Chronobiology and Behavioural Neurogenetics Laboratory, Neuroscience Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore, India
| | - Vasu Sheeba
- Chronobiology and Behavioural Neurogenetics Laboratory, Neuroscience Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore, India
- *Correspondence: Vasu Sheeba
| | - Ravi Manjithaya
- Autophagy Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore, India
- Neuroscience Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore, India
- Ravi Manjithaya
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Li W, Lu L, Zhu D, Liu J, Shi Y, Zeng H, Yu X, Guo J, Wei B, Cai Y, Sun M. Gestational exposure to fluoride impairs cognition in C57 BL/6 J male offspring mice via the p-Creb1-BDNF-TrkB signaling pathway. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 239:113682. [PMID: 35643027 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Fluoride exposure has a detrimental effect on neurodevelopment, while the underlying processes remain unknown. The goal of this study was to investigate how fluoride impacts synaptogenesis, with a focus on the phosphorylation of Creb1 (p-Creb1)-brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)-tyrosine kinase B (TrkB) pathway. We generated a sodium fluoride (NaF) model using C57 BL/6 J mice exposed to 100 mg/L NaF from gestation day 1 (GD1) to GD20. It was identified that NaF treatment impaired the learning and memory abilities of the male offspring, reduced dendritic spine density, lowered postsynaptic density protein-95 (PSD95) and synaptophysin (SYN) expression in the male offspring's hippocampus, indicating that synaptic dysfunction may contribute to the cognitive impairment in the NaF model. In addition, in vivo experiment demonstrated that the protein abundance of BDNF and the ratio of p-Creb1 to Creb1 were increased in the hippocampus of NaF offspring, while the level of TrkB was reduced. Similarly, PC12 cells treated with NaF also showed increased expression of BDNF and decreased levels of TrkB. Notably, fluoride treatment increased p-Creb1 in vitro, while inhibiting p-Creb1 by 66615 significantly alleviated the effects of NaF exposure, indicating that p-Creb1 exerts a regulatory function in the BDNF-TrkB pathway. Altogether, these results demonstrated prenatal fluoride exposure triggered neurotoxicity in the male offspring hippocampus was linked to synaptogenesis damage caused by activating p-Creb1, which disrupted the BDNF-TrkB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weisheng Li
- Institute for Fetology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Likui Lu
- Institute for Fetology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dan Zhu
- Institute for Fetology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingliu Liu
- Institute for Fetology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yajun Shi
- Institute for Fetology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongtao Zeng
- Institute for Fetology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xi Yu
- Institute for Fetology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Guo
- Institute for Fetology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bin Wei
- Institute for Fetology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yongle Cai
- Institute for Fetology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Miao Sun
- Institute for Fetology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu, China.
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Ruffini N, Klingenberg S, Heese R, Schweiger S, Gerber S. The Big Picture of Neurodegeneration: A Meta Study to Extract the Essential Evidence on Neurodegenerative Diseases in a Network-Based Approach. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:866886. [PMID: 35832065 PMCID: PMC9271745 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.866886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The common features of all neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), and Huntington's disease, are the accumulation of aggregated and misfolded proteins and the progressive loss of neurons, leading to cognitive decline and locomotive dysfunction. Still, they differ in their ultimate manifestation, the affected brain region, and the kind of proteinopathy. In the last decades, a vast number of processes have been described as associated with neurodegenerative diseases, making it increasingly harder to keep an overview of the big picture forming from all those data. In this meta-study, we analyzed genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and epigenomic data of the aforementioned diseases using the data of 234 studies in a network-based approach to study significant general coherences but also specific processes in individual diseases or omics levels. In the analysis part, we focus on only some of the emerging findings, but trust that the meta-study provided here will be a valuable resource for various other researchers focusing on specific processes or genes contributing to the development of neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Ruffini
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research, Leibniz Association, Mainz, Germany
| | - Susanne Klingenberg
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Raoul Heese
- Fraunhofer Institute for Industrial Mathematics (ITWM), Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Susann Schweiger
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Susanne Gerber
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
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66
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The Roles of Par3, Par6, and aPKC Polarity Proteins in Normal Neurodevelopment and in Neurodegenerative and Neuropsychiatric Disorders. J Neurosci 2022; 42:4774-4793. [PMID: 35705493 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0059-22.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Normal neural circuits and functions depend on proper neuronal differentiation, migration, synaptic plasticity, and maintenance. Abnormalities in these processes underlie various neurodevelopmental, neuropsychiatric, and neurodegenerative disorders. Neural development and maintenance are regulated by many proteins. Among them are Par3, Par6 (partitioning defective 3 and 6), and aPKC (atypical protein kinase C) families of evolutionarily conserved polarity proteins. These proteins perform versatile functions by forming tripartite or other combinations of protein complexes, which hereafter are collectively referred to as "Par complexes." In this review, we summarize the major findings on their biophysical and biochemical properties in cell polarization and signaling pathways. We next summarize their expression and localization in the nervous system as well as their versatile functions in various aspects of neurodevelopment, including neuroepithelial polarity, neurogenesis, neuronal migration, neurite differentiation, synaptic plasticity, and memory. These versatile functions rely on the fundamental roles of Par complexes in cell polarity in distinct cellular contexts. We also discuss how cell polarization may correlate with subcellular polarization in neurons. Finally, we review the involvement of Par complexes in neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders, such as schizophrenia and Alzheimer's disease. While emerging evidence indicates that Par complexes are essential for proper neural development and maintenance, many questions on their in vivo functions have yet to be answered. Thus, Par3, Par6, and aPKC continue to be important research topics to advance neuroscience.
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Schwab K, Chasapopoulou Z, Frahm S, Magbagbeolu M, Cranston A, Harrington CR, Wischik CM, Theuring F, Riedel G. Glutamatergic transmission and receptor expression in the synucleinopathy h-α-synL62 mouse model: Effects of hydromethylthionine. Cell Signal 2022; 97:110386. [PMID: 35709886 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2022.110386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The accumulation of alpha-synuclein (α-Syn) into Lewy bodies in cortical and subcortical regions has been linked to the pathogenesis of synucleinopathies such as Parkinson's disease (PD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). While there is a strong link between synuclein aggregates and the reduction in dopamine function in the emergence of PD, less is known about the consequences of α-Syn accumulation in glutamatergic neurons and how this could be exploited as a therapeutic target. Transgenic h-α-synL62 (L62) mice, in which synuclein aggregation is achieved through the expression of full-length human α-Syn fused with a signal sequence peptide, were used to characterise glutamatergic transmission using a combination of behavioural, immunoblotting, and histopathological approaches. The protein aggregation inhibitor hydromethylthionine mesylate (HMTM) alone, or in combination with the glutamatergic compounds 3-((2-Methyl-4-thiazolyl)ethynyl)pyridine hydrochloride (MTEP) and memantine, was used to target α-Syn aggregation. We show that accumulation of α-Syn aggregates in glutamatergic synapses affected synaptic protein expression including metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGLUR5) levels and ratio of N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor subunits GluN1/GluN2A. The ratio of NMDA receptor subunits and levels of mGLUR5 were both normalised by HMTM in L62 mice. These alterations, however, did not affect glutamate release in synaptosomes derived from L62 mice or behavioural endpoints following pharmacological manipulations of glutamate functions. Our results confirm that HMTM acts in the L62 mouse model of PD as an inhibitor of pathological aggregation of synuclein and show that HMTM treatment normalises both the ratio of NMDA receptor subunits and mGLUR5 levels. These findings support the potential utility of HMTM as a disease-modifying treatment for PD aiming to reduce synuclein aggregation pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karima Schwab
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK; Institute of Pharmacology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Hessische Str. 3-4, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Zoi Chasapopoulou
- Institute of Pharmacology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Hessische Str. 3-4, 10115 Berlin, Germany; Center for Stroke Research, Department of Experimental Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Robert Koch Platz 4, 101155 Berlin, Germany
| | - Silke Frahm
- Institute of Pharmacology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Hessische Str. 3-4, 10115 Berlin, Germany; Stem Cell Core Facility, Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin, Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Mandy Magbagbeolu
- Institute of Pharmacology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Hessische Str. 3-4, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Anna Cranston
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK; Benchsci, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Charles R Harrington
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK; TauRx Therapeutics Ltd., 395 King Street, Aberdeen AB24 5RP, UK
| | - Claude M Wischik
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK; TauRx Therapeutics Ltd., 395 King Street, Aberdeen AB24 5RP, UK
| | - Franz Theuring
- Institute of Pharmacology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Hessische Str. 3-4, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Gernot Riedel
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK.
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Wilson H, de Natale ER, Politis M. Concise Review: Recent advances in neuroimaging techniques to assist clinical trials on cell-based therapies in neurodegenerative diseases. Stem Cells 2022; 40:724-735. [PMID: 35671344 DOI: 10.1093/stmcls/sxac039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD), are progressive disorders for which a curative therapy is still lacking. Cell-based therapy aims at replacing dysfunctional cellular populations by repairing damaged tissue and by enriching the microenvironment of selective brain areas, and thus constitutes a promising disease-modifying treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Scientific research has engineered a wide range of human-derived cellular populations to help overcome some of the logistical, safety, and ethical issues associated with this approach. Open-label studies and clinical trials in human participants have employed neuroimaging techniques, such as positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), to assess the success of the transplantation, to evaluate the functional integration of the implanted tissue into the host environment and to understand the pathophysiological changes associated with the therapy. Neuroimaging has constituted an outcome measure of large, randomized clinical trials, and has given answers to clarify the pathophysiology underlying some of the complications linked with this therapy. Novel PET radiotracers and MRI sequences for the staging of neurodegenerative diseases and to study alterations at molecular level significantly expands the translational potential of neuroimaging to assist pre-clinical and clinical research on cell-based therapy in these disorders. This concise review summarizes the current use of neuroimaging in human studies of cell-based replacement therapy and focuses on future application of PET and MRI techniques to evaluate the pathophysiology and treatment efficacy, as well as to aid patient selection and as an outcome measure to improve treatment success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather Wilson
- Neurodegeneration Imaging Group, University of Exeter Medical School, London, UK
| | | | - Marios Politis
- Neurodegeneration Imaging Group, University of Exeter Medical School, London, UK
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69
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Faruk EM, Fouad H, Hasan RAA, Taha NM, El-Shazly AM. Inhibition of gene expression and production of iNOS and TNF-α in experimental model of neurodegenerative disorders stimulated microglia by Soy nano-isoflavone/stem cell-exosomes. Tissue Cell 2022; 76:101758. [PMID: 35182987 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2022.101758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The present study evaluated the therapeutic potential of soybean nano-isoflavone extract versus bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells derived extracellular exosomes (BMSCs-EXs) in experimentally induced neurodegenerative diseases in rats (ND). In this study, 36 albino male rats were divided into four groups: Group I (control rats); Group II (induced neurodegenerative disease in rats by intraperitoneal injection of d-galactose (120 mg/kg/day for 2 months); Group III (ND-induced rats treated with nano-isoflavone in doses of 10 mg/kg by oral gavage for 3 months); and Group IV (ND-induced rats treated with a single dose injection of BMSCs-EXs. The effect of BMSCs-EXs was evaluated by cerebral oxidant/antioxidant biomarkers, and mRNA gene expression quantitation for cerebral tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), inducible nitric oxide synthase (i-NOS) and GAPDH pathway-encoding genes by real time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) techniques. Then, histopathological examination of the cerebral cortical tissues. Our results showed that BMSC-EXs were successfully isolated and characterized. d-galactose produced a significant rise in the number of damaged neurons, decreased cerebral superoxide dismutase and catalase activities, increased cerebral malondialdehyde levels, downregulated the cerebral TNF-α, and i-NOS pathway-encoding genes. Furthermore, BMSC-EXs and nano-isoflavone treatments repaired damaged cerebral tissue and recovered its function greatly following induction of neurodegenerative disease. Treatment with either MSCs-EXs or nano-isoflavones led to significant improvement in the histological findings, reversed the degenerative effect of d-galactose, and had a favorable therapeutic utility against d- galactose-induced neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Mohamed Faruk
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Histology & Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Egypt.
| | - Hanan Fouad
- Medical Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt; Galala University, Faculty of medicine, Suez Governorate, Egypt
| | - Rehab Abd Allah Hasan
- Department of Histology & Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine for Girls; AFMG, Al-Azhar University Egypt
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Lawrence AJ, Prado MA. Editorial: Exciting developments in neurochemistry research and publishing. J Neurochem 2022; 162:151-155. [PMID: 35524403 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
In this editorial, we are happy to connect with our community to explain the changes introduced to the Journal of Neurochemistry over the last year and provide some insights into new developments and exciting opportunities. We anticipate these developments, which are strongly guided to increase transparency and support early career researchers, will increase the value of the Journal of Neurochemistry for the authors and readers. Ultimately, we hope to improve the author experience with the Journal of Neurochemistry and continue to be the leading venue for fast dissemination of exciting new research focusing on how molecules, cells and circuits regulate the nervous system in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Lawrence
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience & Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Marco A Prado
- University of Western Ontario, Robarts Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
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Nisar S, Bhat AA, Masoodi T, Hashem S, Akhtar S, Ali TA, Amjad S, Chawla S, Bagga P, Frenneaux MP, Reddy R, Fakhro K, Haris M. Genetics of glutamate and its receptors in autism spectrum disorder. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:2380-2392. [PMID: 35296811 PMCID: PMC9135628 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01506-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental impairment characterized by deficits in social interaction skills, impaired communication, and repetitive and restricted behaviors that are thought to be due to altered neurotransmission processes. The amino acid glutamate is an essential excitatory neurotransmitter in the human brain that regulates cognitive functions such as learning and memory, which are usually impaired in ASD. Over the last several years, increasing evidence from genetics, neuroimaging, protein expression, and animal model studies supporting the notion of altered glutamate metabolism has heightened the interest in evaluating glutamatergic dysfunction in ASD. Numerous pharmacological, behavioral, and imaging studies have demonstrated the imbalance in excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters, thus revealing the involvement of the glutamatergic system in ASD pathology. Here, we review the effects of genetic alterations on glutamate and its receptors in ASD and the role of non-invasive imaging modalities in detecting these changes. We also highlight the potential therapeutic targets associated with impaired glutamatergic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabah Nisar
- Laboratory of Molecular and Metabolic Imaging, Sidra Medicine, P.O. Box 26999, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ajaz A Bhat
- Laboratory of Molecular and Metabolic Imaging, Sidra Medicine, P.O. Box 26999, Doha, Qatar
| | - Tariq Masoodi
- Laboratory of Molecular and Metabolic Imaging, Sidra Medicine, P.O. Box 26999, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sheema Hashem
- Laboratory of Molecular and Metabolic Imaging, Sidra Medicine, P.O. Box 26999, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sabah Akhtar
- Laboratory of Molecular and Metabolic Imaging, Sidra Medicine, P.O. Box 26999, Doha, Qatar
| | - Tayyiba Akbar Ali
- Laboratory of Molecular and Metabolic Imaging, Sidra Medicine, P.O. Box 26999, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sara Amjad
- Shibli National College, Azamgarh, Uttar Pradesh, 276001, India
| | - Sanjeev Chawla
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Puneet Bagga
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Michael P Frenneaux
- Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, P.O. Box 3050, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ravinder Reddy
- Center for Advanced Metabolic Imaging in Precision Medicine, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Khalid Fakhro
- Department of Human Genetics, Sidra Medicine, P.O. Box 26999, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, P.O. Box 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohammad Haris
- Laboratory of Molecular and Metabolic Imaging, Sidra Medicine, P.O. Box 26999, Doha, Qatar.
- Center for Advanced Metabolic Imaging in Precision Medicine, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Laboratory of Animal Research, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar.
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Jiang Z, Cheng X, Chen H, Zheng W, Sun Y, Yu Z, Yang T, Zhang L, Fan D, Yang Z, Liu Y, Ai L, Wu Z. [ 18F]BIBD-181: A Novel Positron Emission Tomography Tracer Specific for Synaptic Vesicle Glycoprotein 2A. ACS Med Chem Lett 2022; 13:720-726. [PMID: 35450380 PMCID: PMC9014511 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.2c00062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysfunction or decreased expression of synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A (SV2A) is closely related to the progression of neurodegenerative diseases and psychiatric disorders. The development of positron emission tomography (PET) tracers targeting SV2A can provide a strong imaging basis for the diagnosis and treatment of these diseases. Herein we report the synthesis of the novel radiotracer [18F]BIBD-181 and its preclinical evaluation. The absolute configuration of BIBD-181 was confirmed by the single-crystal structure of its precursor. The in vitro binding assay of BIBD-181 showed high SV2A binding affinity. Compared with previously reported tracers, [18F]BIBD-181 has mild labeling conditions, simple operation, and high yield. The in vivo metabolism of [18F]BIBD-181 is similar to that of UCB derivatives, and the metabolites do not interfere with brain PET imaging. Biodistribution and PET studies showed that [18F]BIBD-181 has high brain uptake and good pharmacokinetics. Autoradiography and PET inhibition studies indicated that [18F]BIBD-181 specifically binds SV2A. Because [18F]BIBD-181 exhibits excellent properties, it may be a reliable probe of quantities for SV2A-related disease diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeng Jiang
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xuebo Cheng
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Hualong Chen
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yuli Sun
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Ziyue Yu
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Tingyu Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Di Fan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Zhihao Yang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yajing Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Lin Ai
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Zehui Wu
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
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Serrano ME, Kim E, Petrinovic MM, Turkheimer F, Cash D. Imaging Synaptic Density: The Next Holy Grail of Neuroscience? Front Neurosci 2022; 16:796129. [PMID: 35401097 PMCID: PMC8990757 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.796129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The brain is the central and most complex organ in the nervous system, comprising billions of neurons that constantly communicate through trillions of connections called synapses. Despite being formed mainly during prenatal and early postnatal development, synapses are continually refined and eliminated throughout life via complicated and hitherto incompletely understood mechanisms. Failure to correctly regulate the numbers and distribution of synapses has been associated with many neurological and psychiatric disorders, including autism, epilepsy, Alzheimer’s disease, and schizophrenia. Therefore, measurements of brain synaptic density, as well as early detection of synaptic dysfunction, are essential for understanding normal and abnormal brain development. To date, multiple synaptic density markers have been proposed and investigated in experimental models of brain disorders. The majority of the gold standard methodologies (e.g., electron microscopy or immunohistochemistry) visualize synapses or measure changes in pre- and postsynaptic proteins ex vivo. However, the invasive nature of these classic methodologies precludes their use in living organisms. The recent development of positron emission tomography (PET) tracers [such as (18F)UCB-H or (11C)UCB-J] that bind to a putative synaptic density marker, the synaptic vesicle 2A (SV2A) protein, is heralding a likely paradigm shift in detecting synaptic alterations in patients. Despite their limited specificity, novel, non-invasive magnetic resonance (MR)-based methods also show promise in inferring synaptic information by linking to glutamate neurotransmission. Although promising, all these methods entail various advantages and limitations that must be addressed before becoming part of routine clinical practice. In this review, we summarize and discuss current ex vivo and in vivo methods of quantifying synaptic density, including an evaluation of their reliability and experimental utility. We conclude with a critical assessment of challenges that need to be overcome before successfully employing synaptic density biomarkers as diagnostic and/or prognostic tools in the study of neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Elisa Serrano
- Department of Neuroimaging, The BRAIN Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eugene Kim
- Department of Neuroimaging, The BRAIN Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marija M Petrinovic
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Federico Turkheimer
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Diana Cash
- Department of Neuroimaging, The BRAIN Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom
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74
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Li L, Ho PWL, Liu H, Pang SYY, Chang EES, Choi ZYK, Malki Y, Kung MHW, Ramsden DB, Ho SL. Transcriptional Regulation of the Synaptic Vesicle Protein Synaptogyrin-3 (SYNGR3) Gene: The Effects of NURR1 on Its Expression. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073646. [PMID: 35409005 PMCID: PMC8998927 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Synaptogyrin-3 (SYNGR3) is a synaptic vesicular membrane protein. Amongst four homologues (SYNGR1 to 4), SYNGR1 and 3 are especially abundant in the brain. SYNGR3 interacts with the dopamine transporter (DAT) to facilitate dopamine (DA) uptake and synaptic DA turnover in dopaminergic transmission. Perturbed SYNGR3 expression is observed in Parkinson’s disease (PD). The regulatory elements which affect SYNGR3 expression are unknown. Nuclear-receptor-related-1 protein (NURR1) can regulate dopaminergic neuronal differentiation and maintenance via binding to NGFI-B response elements (NBRE). We explored whether NURR1 can regulate SYNGR3 expression using an in silico analysis of the 5′-flanking region of the human SYNGR3 gene, reporter gene activity and an electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) of potential cis-acting sites. In silico analysis of two genomic DNA segments (1870 bp 5′-flanking region and 1870 + 159 bp of first exon) revealed one X Core Promoter Element 1 (XCPE1), two SP1, and three potential non-canonical NBRE response elements (ncNBRE) but no CAAT or TATA box. The longer segment exhibited gene promoter activity in luciferase reporter assays. Site-directed mutagenesis of XCPE1 decreased promoter activity in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y (↓43.2%) and human embryonic kidney HEK293 cells (↓39.7%). EMSA demonstrated NURR1 binding to these three ncNBRE. Site-directed mutagenesis of these ncNBRE reduced promoter activity by 11–17% in SH-SY5Y (neuronal) but not in HEK293 (non-neuronal) cells. C-DIM12 (Nurr1 activator) increased SYNGR3 protein expression in SH-SY5Y cells and its promoter activity using a real-time luciferase assay. As perturbed vesicular function is a feature of major neurodegenerative diseases, inducing SYNGR3 expression by NURR1 activators may be a potential therapeutic target to attenuate synaptic dysfunction in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingfei Li
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; (L.L.); (P.W.-L.H.); (H.L.); (S.Y.-Y.P.); (E.E.-S.C.); (Z.Y.-K.C.); (Y.M.); (M.H.-W.K.)
| | - Philip Wing-Lok Ho
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; (L.L.); (P.W.-L.H.); (H.L.); (S.Y.-Y.P.); (E.E.-S.C.); (Z.Y.-K.C.); (Y.M.); (M.H.-W.K.)
| | - Huifang Liu
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; (L.L.); (P.W.-L.H.); (H.L.); (S.Y.-Y.P.); (E.E.-S.C.); (Z.Y.-K.C.); (Y.M.); (M.H.-W.K.)
| | - Shirley Yin-Yu Pang
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; (L.L.); (P.W.-L.H.); (H.L.); (S.Y.-Y.P.); (E.E.-S.C.); (Z.Y.-K.C.); (Y.M.); (M.H.-W.K.)
| | - Eunice Eun-Seo Chang
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; (L.L.); (P.W.-L.H.); (H.L.); (S.Y.-Y.P.); (E.E.-S.C.); (Z.Y.-K.C.); (Y.M.); (M.H.-W.K.)
| | - Zoe Yuen-Kiu Choi
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; (L.L.); (P.W.-L.H.); (H.L.); (S.Y.-Y.P.); (E.E.-S.C.); (Z.Y.-K.C.); (Y.M.); (M.H.-W.K.)
| | - Yasine Malki
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; (L.L.); (P.W.-L.H.); (H.L.); (S.Y.-Y.P.); (E.E.-S.C.); (Z.Y.-K.C.); (Y.M.); (M.H.-W.K.)
| | - Michelle Hiu-Wai Kung
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; (L.L.); (P.W.-L.H.); (H.L.); (S.Y.-Y.P.); (E.E.-S.C.); (Z.Y.-K.C.); (Y.M.); (M.H.-W.K.)
| | - David Boyer Ramsden
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
- Correspondence: (D.B.R.); (S.-L.H.)
| | - Shu-Leong Ho
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; (L.L.); (P.W.-L.H.); (H.L.); (S.Y.-Y.P.); (E.E.-S.C.); (Z.Y.-K.C.); (Y.M.); (M.H.-W.K.)
- Correspondence: (D.B.R.); (S.-L.H.)
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75
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Wang H, Balice-Gordon R. Editorial: Synaptic Diseases: From Biology to Potential Therapy. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2022; 14:846099. [PMID: 35480634 PMCID: PMC9037745 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2022.846099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hansen Wang
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- *Correspondence: Hansen Wang
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76
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Toyonaga T, Fesharaki-Zadeh A, Strittmatter SM, Carson RE, Cai Z. PET Imaging of Synaptic Density: Challenges and Opportunities of Synaptic Vesicle Glycoprotein 2A PET in Small Animal Imaging. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:787404. [PMID: 35345546 PMCID: PMC8957200 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.787404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of novel PET imaging agents for synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A (SV2A) allowed for the in vivo detection of synaptic density changes, which are correlated with the progression and severity of a variety of neuropsychiatric diseases. While multiple ongoing clinical investigations using SV2A PET are expanding its applications rapidly, preclinical SV2A PET imaging in animal models is an integral component of the translation research and provides supporting and complementary information. Herein, we overview preclinical SV2A PET studies in animal models of neurodegenerative disorders and discuss the opportunities and practical challenges in small animal SV2A PET imaging. At the Yale PET Center, we have conducted SV2A PET imaging studies in animal models of multiple diseases and longitudinal SV2A PET allowed us to evaluate synaptic density dynamics in the brains of disease animal models and to assess pharmacological effects of novel interventions. In this article, we discuss key considerations when designing preclinical SV2A PET imaging studies and strategies for data analysis. Specifically, we compare the brain imaging characteristics of available SV2A tracers, i.e., [11C]UCB-J, [18F]SynVesT-1, [18F]SynVesT-2, and [18F]SDM-16, in rodent brains. We also discuss the limited spatial resolution of PET scanners for small brains and challenges of kinetic modeling. We then compare different injection routes and estimate the maximum throughput (i.e., number of animals) per radiotracer synthesis by taking into account the injectable volume for each injection method, injected mass, and radioactivity half-lives. In summary, this article provides a perspective for designing and analyzing SV2A PET imaging studies in small animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Toyonaga
- Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Center, Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States,*Correspondence: Takuya Toyonaga,
| | - Arman Fesharaki-Zadeh
- Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States,Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Stephen M. Strittmatter
- Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States,Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Richard E. Carson
- Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Center, Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Zhengxin Cai
- Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Center, Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States,Zhengxin Cai,
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77
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Spoto G, Valentini G, Saia MC, Butera A, Amore G, Salpietro V, Nicotera AG, Di Rosa G. Synaptopathies in Developmental and Epileptic Encephalopathies: A Focus on Pre-synaptic Dysfunction. Front Neurol 2022; 13:826211. [PMID: 35350397 PMCID: PMC8957959 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.826211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The proper connection between the pre- and post-synaptic nervous cells depends on any element constituting the synapse: the pre- and post-synaptic membranes, the synaptic cleft, and the surrounding glial cells and extracellular matrix. An alteration of the mechanisms regulating the physiological synergy among these synaptic components is defined as “synaptopathy.” Mutations in the genes encoding for proteins involved in neuronal transmission are associated with several neuropsychiatric disorders, but only some of them are associated with Developmental and Epileptic Encephalopathies (DEEs). These conditions include a heterogeneous group of epilepsy syndromes associated with cognitive disturbances/intellectual disability, autistic features, and movement disorders. This review aims to elucidate the pathogenesis of these conditions, focusing on mechanisms affecting the neuronal pre-synaptic terminal and its role in the onset of DEEs, including potential therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Spoto
- Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Department of Human Pathology of the Adult and Developmental Age “Gaetano Barresi”, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Giulia Valentini
- Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Department of Human Pathology of the Adult and Developmental Age “Gaetano Barresi”, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Maria Concetta Saia
- Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Department of Human Pathology of the Adult and Developmental Age “Gaetano Barresi”, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Ambra Butera
- Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Department of Human Pathology of the Adult and Developmental Age “Gaetano Barresi”, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Greta Amore
- Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Department of Human Pathology of the Adult and Developmental Age “Gaetano Barresi”, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Salpietro
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- *Correspondence: Vincenzo Salpietro
| | - Antonio Gennaro Nicotera
- Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Department of Human Pathology of the Adult and Developmental Age “Gaetano Barresi”, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Gabriella Di Rosa
- Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Department of Human Pathology of the Adult and Developmental Age “Gaetano Barresi”, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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78
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Bairamian D, Sha S, Rolhion N, Sokol H, Dorothée G, Lemere CA, Krantic S. Microbiota in neuroinflammation and synaptic dysfunction: a focus on Alzheimer’s disease. Mol Neurodegener 2022; 17:19. [PMID: 35248147 PMCID: PMC8898063 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-022-00522-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The implication of gut microbiota in the control of brain functions in health and disease is a novel, currently emerging concept. Accumulating data suggest that the gut microbiota exert its action at least in part by modulating neuroinflammation. Given the link between neuroinflammatory changes and neuronal activity, it is plausible that gut microbiota may affect neuronal functions indirectly by impacting microglia, a key player in neuroinflammation. Indeed, increasing evidence suggests that interplay between microglia and synaptic dysfunction may involve microbiota, among other factors. In addition to these indirect microglia-dependent actions of microbiota on neuronal activity, it has been recently recognized that microbiota could also affect neuronal activity directly by stimulation of the vagus nerve.
Main messages
The putative mechanisms of the indirect and direct impact of microbiota on neuronal activity are discussed by focusing on Alzheimer’s disease, one of the most studied neurodegenerative disorders and the prime cause of dementia worldwide. More specifically, the mechanisms of microbiota-mediated microglial alterations are discussed in the context of the peripheral and central inflammation cross-talk. Next, we highlight the role of microbiota in the regulation of humoral mediators of peripheral immunity and their impact on vagus nerve stimulation. Finally, we address whether and how microbiota perturbations could affect synaptic neurotransmission and downstream cognitive dysfunction.
Conclusions
There is strong increasing evidence supporting a role for the gut microbiome in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease, including effects on synaptic dysfunction and neuroinflammation, which contribute to cognitive decline. Putative early intervention strategies based on microbiota modulation appear therapeutically promising for Alzheimer’s disease but still require further investigation.
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79
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Kamate M, Reddy AN, Detroja M. KCNQ2 Encephalopathy and Effect of Early Treatment on the Clinical Phenotype. Ann Indian Acad Neurol 2022; 25:289-291. [PMID: 35693682 PMCID: PMC9175412 DOI: 10.4103/aian.aian_335_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Kamate
- Department of Pediatric Neurology and In-Charge Child Development Clinic, KAHER's J N Medical College, Belagavi, Karnataka State, India
| | - Anuraag N Reddy
- Department of Paediatrics, KAHER's J N Medical College, Belagavi, Karnataka State, India
| | - Mayank Detroja
- Department of Child Development Centre, KLES PK Hospital, Belagavi, Karnataka State, India
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80
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Targeting the A 3 adenosine receptor to prevent and reverse chemotherapy-induced neurotoxicities in mice. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2022; 10:11. [PMID: 35093182 PMCID: PMC8800287 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-022-01315-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin is used to combat solid tumors. However, patients treated with cisplatin often develop cognitive impairments, sensorimotor deficits, and peripheral neuropathy. There is no FDA-approved treatment for these neurotoxicities. We investigated the capacity of a highly selective A3 adenosine receptor (AR) subtype (A3AR) agonist, MRS5980, to prevent and reverse cisplatin-induced neurotoxicities. MRS5980 prevented cisplatin-induced cognitive impairment (decreased executive function and impaired spatial and working memory), sensorimotor deficits, and neuropathic pain (mechanical allodynia and spontaneous pain) in both sexes. At the structural level, MRS5980 prevented the cisplatin-induced reduction in markers of synaptic integrity. In-situ hybridization detected Adora3 mRNA in neurons, microglia, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. RNAseq analysis identified 164 genes, including genes related to mitochondrial function, of which expression was changed by cisplatin and normalized by MRS5980. Consistently, MRS5980 prevented cisplatin-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and decreased signs of oxidative stress. Transcriptomic analysis showed that the A3AR agonist upregulates genes related to repair pathways including NOTCH1 signaling and chromatin modification in the cortex of cisplatin-treated mice. Importantly, A3AR agonist administration after completion of cisplatin treatment resolved cognitive impairment, neuropathy and sensorimotor deficits. Our results highlight the efficacy of a selective A3AR agonist to prevent and reverse cisplatin-induced neurotoxicities via preventing brain mitochondrial damage and activating repair pathways. An A3AR agonist is already in cancer, clinical trials and our results demonstrate management of neurotoxic side effects of chemotherapy as an additional therapeutic benefit.
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81
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Analysis of mRNA and Protein Levels of CAP2, DLG1 and ADAM10 Genes in Post-Mortem Brain of Schizophrenia, Parkinson's and Alzheimer's Disease Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031539. [PMID: 35163460 PMCID: PMC8835961 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a mental illness characterized by aberrant synaptic plasticity and connectivity. A large bulk of evidence suggests genetic and functional links between postsynaptic abnormalities and SCZ. Here, we performed quantitative PCR and Western blotting analysis in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and hippocampus of SCZ patients to investigate the mRNA and protein expression of three key spine shapers: the actin-binding protein cyclase-associated protein 2 (CAP2), the sheddase a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 10 (ADAM10), and the synapse-associated protein 97 (SAP97). Our analysis of the SCZ post-mortem brain indicated increased DLG1 mRNA in DLPFC and decreased CAP2 mRNA in the hippocampus of SCZ patients, compared to non-psychiatric control subjects, while the ADAM10 transcript was unaffected. Conversely, no differences in CAP2, SAP97, and ADAM10 protein levels were detected between SCZ and control individuals in both brain regions. To assess whether DLG1 and CAP2 transcript alterations were selective for SCZ, we also measured their expression in the superior frontal gyrus of patients affected by neurodegenerative disorders, like Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s disease. Interestingly, also in Parkinson’s disease patients, we found a selective reduction of CAP2 mRNA levels relative to controls but unaltered protein levels. Taken together, we reported for the first time altered CAP2 expression in the brain of patients with psychiatric and neurological disorders, thus suggesting that aberrant expression of this gene may contribute to synaptic dysfunction in these neuropathologies.
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The Effect of Valproate Sodium on the Electrical Activity of Helix aspersa F1 Neurons in a Pentylenetetrazole-Induced Epileptic Model Using an Intracellular Recording System. ARCHIVES OF NEUROSCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.5812/ans.106887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Epilepsy is a chronic central nervous system disorder with a high prevalence in modern society. Despite using common anticonvulsant drugs, its control is not adequately achieved. Animal models for seizures play the leading role in advancing our understanding of the cellular mechanisms of epilepsy. The present study was an attempt to elucidate the electrophysiological mechanism of the effect of sodium valproate on the cellular model of epilepsy. Understanding the cellular mechanisms of this drug may help clarify the pharmacological screening of other drugs. Methods: The intracellular recording was made from F1 cells of garden Helix aspersa in the presence of Ringer solution. Following the extracellular application of valproate sodium at a concentration of 10 mM after and before the use of (25mM) epileptogenic agent (pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)), we evaluated its effect on paroxysmal depolarization shift (PDS) and electrophysiological characteristics. Results: These results showed that valproate sodium could reduce neuronal excitability. It could significantly hyperpolarize rest action potential by decreasing the frequency of firing rate and increasing the amplitude of afterhyperpolarization (AHP) and can prevent depolarization of rest action potential by PTZ. Conclusions: The results suggested that valproate sodium could reduce the PTZ-induced hyperexcitation by hyperpolarization of resting membrane potential (RMP), a reduction in AHP amplitude, and firing the frequency.
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83
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Pelucchi S, Gardoni F, Di Luca M, Marcello E. Synaptic dysfunction in early phases of Alzheimer's Disease. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2022; 184:417-438. [PMID: 35034752 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-819410-2.00022-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The synapse is the locus of plasticity where short-term alterations in synaptic strength are converted to long-lasting memories. In addition to the presynaptic terminal and the postsynaptic compartment, a more holistic view of the synapse includes the astrocytes and the extracellular matrix to form a tetrapartite synapse. All these four elements contribute to synapse health and are crucial for synaptic plasticity events and, thereby, for learning and memory processes. Synaptic dysfunction is a common pathogenic trait of several brain disorders. In Alzheimer's Disease, the degeneration of synapses can be detected at the early stages of pathology progression before neuronal degeneration, supporting the hypothesis that synaptic failure is a major determinant of the disease. The synapse is the place where amyloid-β peptides are generated and is the target of the toxic amyloid-β oligomers. All the elements constituting the tetrapartite synapse are altered in Alzheimer's Disease and can synergistically contribute to synaptic dysfunction. Moreover, the two main hallmarks of Alzheimer's Disease, i.e., amyloid-β and tau, act in concert to cause synaptic deficits. Deciphering the mechanisms underlying synaptic dysfunction is relevant for the development of the next-generation therapeutic strategies aimed at modifying the disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Pelucchi
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Gardoni
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Monica Di Luca
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Marcello
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
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84
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Camporesi E, Nilsson J, Vrillon A, Cognat E, Hourregue C, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Becker B, Brinkmalm A, Paquet C, Brinkmalm G. Quantification of the trans-synaptic partners neurexin-neuroligin in CSF of neurodegenerative diseases by parallel reaction monitoring mass spectrometry. EBioMedicine 2022; 75:103793. [PMID: 34990894 PMCID: PMC8743209 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Synaptic proteins are increasingly studied as biomarkers for synaptic dysfunction and loss, which are early and central events in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and strongly correlate with the degree of cognitive decline. In this study, we specifically investigated the synaptic binding partners neurexin (NRXN) and neuroligin (Nlgn) proteins, to assess their biomarker's potential. METHODS we developed a parallel reaction monitoring mass spectrometric method for the simultaneous quantification of NRXNs and Nlgns in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of neurodegenerative diseases, focusing on AD. Specifically, NRXN-1α, NRXN-1β, NRXN-2α, NRXN-3α and Nlgn1, Nlgn2, Nlgn3 and Nlgn4 proteins were targeted. FINDINGS The proteins were investigated in a clinical cohort including CSF from controls (n=22), mild cognitive impairment (MCI) due to AD (n=44), MCI due to other conditions (n=46), AD (n=77) and a group of non-AD dementia (n=28). No difference in levels of NRXNs and Nlgns was found between AD (both at dementia and MCI stages) or controls or the non-AD dementia group for any of the targeted proteins. NRXN and Nlgn proteins correlated strongly with each other, but only a weak correlation with the AD core biomarkers and the synaptic biomarkers neurogranin and growth-associated protein 43, was found, possibly reflecting different pathogenic processing at the synapse. INTERPRETATION we conclude that NRXN and Nlgn proteins do not represent suitable biomarkers for synaptic pathology in AD. The panel developed here could aid in future investigations of the potential involvement of NRXNs and Nlgns in synaptic dysfunction in other disorders of the central nervous system. FUNDING a full list of funding can be found under the acknowledgments section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Camporesi
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, the Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden.
| | - Johanna Nilsson
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, the Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Agathe Vrillon
- Université de Paris, Cognitive Neurology Center, GHU Nord APHP Hospital Lariboisière Fernand Widal, Paris, France; Université de Paris, Inserm UMR S11-44 Therapeutic Optimization in Neuropsychopharmacology, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Cognat
- Université de Paris, Cognitive Neurology Center, GHU Nord APHP Hospital Lariboisière Fernand Widal, Paris, France; Université de Paris, Inserm UMR S11-44 Therapeutic Optimization in Neuropsychopharmacology, Paris, France
| | - Claire Hourregue
- Université de Paris, Cognitive Neurology Center, GHU Nord APHP Hospital Lariboisière Fernand Widal, Paris, France
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, the Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK; Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, the Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Bruno Becker
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, the Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Ann Brinkmalm
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, the Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Claire Paquet
- Université de Paris, Cognitive Neurology Center, GHU Nord APHP Hospital Lariboisière Fernand Widal, Paris, France; Université de Paris, Inserm UMR S11-44 Therapeutic Optimization in Neuropsychopharmacology, Paris, France
| | - Gunnar Brinkmalm
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, the Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
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Zhang Z, Hou M, Ou H, Wang D, Li Z, Zhang H, Lu J. Expression and structural analysis of human neuroligin 2 and neuroligin 3 implicated in autism spectrum disorders. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1067529. [PMID: 36479216 PMCID: PMC9719943 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1067529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) involves both environmental factors such as maternal diabetes and genetic factors such as neuroligins (NLGNs). NLGN2 and NLGN3 are two members of NLGNs with distinct distributions and functions in synapse development and plasticity. The relationship between maternal diabetes and NLGNs, and the distinct working mechanisms of different NLGNs currently remain unclear. Here, we first analyzed the expression levels of NLGN2 and NLGN3 in a streptozotocin-induced ASD mouse model and different brain regions to reveal their differences and similarities. Then, cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of human NLGN2 and NLGN3 were determined. The overall structures are similar to their homologs in previous reports. However, structural comparisons revealed the relative rotations of two protomers in the homodimers of NLGN2 and NLGN3. Taken together with the previously reported NLGN2-MDGA1 complex, we speculate that the distinct assembly adopted by NLGN2 and NLGN3 may affect their interactions with MDGAs. Our results provide structural insights into the potential distinct mechanisms of NLGN2 and NLGN3 implicated in the development of ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Mengzhuo Hou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Huaxing Ou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Daping Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Shenzhen Intelligent Orthopaedics and Biomedical Innovation Platform, Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Artificial Intelligence and Digital Orthopedic Technology, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhifang Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Jianping Lu, ; Huawei Zhang, ; Zhifang Li,
| | - Huawei Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Jianping Lu, ; Huawei Zhang, ; Zhifang Li,
| | - Jianping Lu
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Jianping Lu, ; Huawei Zhang, ; Zhifang Li,
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86
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Gupta R, Ambasta RK, Pravir Kumar. Autophagy and apoptosis cascade: which is more prominent in neuronal death? Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:8001-8047. [PMID: 34741624 PMCID: PMC11072037 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-04004-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy and apoptosis are two crucial self-destructive processes that maintain cellular homeostasis, which are characterized by their morphology and regulated through signal transduction mechanisms. These pathways determine the fate of cellular organelle and protein involved in human health and disease such as neurodegeneration, cancer, and cardiovascular disease. Cell death pathways share common molecular mechanisms, such as mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, calcium ion concentration, reactive oxygen species, and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Some key signaling molecules such as p53 and VEGF mediated angiogenic pathway exhibit cellular and molecular responses resulting in the triggering of apoptotic and autophagic pathways. Herein, based on previous studies, we describe the intricate relation between cell death pathways through their common genes and the role of various stress-causing agents. Further, extensive research on autophagy and apoptotic machinery excavates the implementation of selective biomarkers, for instance, mTOR, Bcl-2, BH3 family members, caspases, AMPK, PI3K/Akt/GSK3β, and p38/JNK/MAPK, in the pathogenesis and progression of neurodegenerative diseases. This molecular phenomenon will lead to the discovery of possible therapeutic biomolecules as a pharmacological intervention that are involved in the modulation of apoptosis and autophagy pathways. Moreover, we describe the potential role of micro-RNAs, long non-coding RNAs, and biomolecules as therapeutic agents that regulate cell death machinery to treat neurodegenerative diseases. Mounting evidence demonstrated that under stress conditions, such as calcium efflux, endoplasmic reticulum stress, the ubiquitin-proteasome system, and oxidative stress intermediate molecules, namely p53 and VEGF, activate and cause cell death. Further, activation of p53 and VEGF cause alteration in gene expression and dysregulated signaling pathways through the involvement of signaling molecules, namely mTOR, Bcl-2, BH3, AMPK, MAPK, JNK, and PI3K/Akt, and caspases. Alteration in gene expression and signaling cascades cause neurotoxicity and misfolded protein aggregates, which are characteristics features of neurodegenerative diseases. Excessive neurotoxicity and misfolded protein aggregates lead to neuronal cell death by activating death pathways like autophagy and apoptosis. However, autophagy has a dual role in the apoptosis pathways, i.e., activation and inhibition of the apoptosis signaling. Further, micro-RNAs and LncRNAs act as pharmacological regulators of autophagy and apoptosis cascade, whereas, natural compounds and chemical compounds act as pharmacological inhibitors that rescue neuronal cell death through inhibition of apoptosis and autophagic cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohan Gupta
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Mechanical Engineering Building, Delhi Technological University (Formerly Delhi College of Engineering), Room# FW4TF3, Shahbad Daulatpur, Bawana Road, Delhi, 110042, India
| | - Rashmi K Ambasta
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Mechanical Engineering Building, Delhi Technological University (Formerly Delhi College of Engineering), Room# FW4TF3, Shahbad Daulatpur, Bawana Road, Delhi, 110042, India
| | - Pravir Kumar
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Mechanical Engineering Building, Delhi Technological University (Formerly Delhi College of Engineering), Room# FW4TF3, Shahbad Daulatpur, Bawana Road, Delhi, 110042, India.
- , Delhi, India.
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87
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Postsynaptic autism spectrum disorder genes and synaptic dysfunction. Neurobiol Dis 2021; 162:105564. [PMID: 34838666 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2021.105564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This review provides an overview of the synaptic dysfunction of neuronal circuits and the ensuing behavioral alterations caused by mutations in autism spectrum disorder (ASD)-linked genes directly or indirectly affecting the postsynaptic neuronal compartment. There are plenty of ASD risk genes, that may be broadly grouped into those involved in gene expression regulation (epigenetic regulation and transcription) and genes regulating synaptic activity (neural communication and neurotransmission). Notably, the effects mediated by ASD-associated genes can vary extensively depending on the developmental time and/or subcellular site of expression. Therefore, in order to gain a better understanding of the mechanisms of disruptions in postsynaptic function, an effort to better model ASD in experimental animals is required to improve standardization and increase reproducibility within and among studies. Such an effort holds promise to provide deeper insight into the development of these disorders and to improve the translational value of preclinical studies.
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88
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Kumar R, Aadil KR, Mondal K, Mishra YK, Oupicky D, Ramakrishna S, Kaushik A. Neurodegenerative disorders management: state-of-art and prospects of nano-biotechnology. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2021; 42:1180-1212. [PMID: 34823433 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2021.1993126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders (NDs) are highly prevalent among the aging population. It affects primarily the central nervous system (CNS) but the effects are also observed in the peripheral nervous system. Neural degeneration is a progressive loss of structure and function of neurons, which may ultimately involve cell death. Such patients suffer from debilitating memory loss and altered motor coordination which bring up non-affordable and unavoidable socio-economic burdens. Due to the unavailability of specific therapeutics and diagnostics, the necessity to control or manage NDs raised the demand to investigate and develop efficient alternative approaches. Keeping trends and advancements in view, this report describes both state-of-the-art and challenges in nano-biotechnology-based approaches to manage NDs, toward personalized healthcare management. Sincere efforts are being made to customize nano-theragnostics to control: therapeutic cargo packaging, delivery to the brain, nanomedicine of higher efficacy, deep brain stimulation, implanted stimulation, and managing brain cell functioning. These advancements are useful to design future therapy based on the severity of the patient's neurodegenerative disease. However, we observe a lack of knowledge shared among scientists of a variety of expertise to explore this multi-disciplinary research field for NDs management. Consequently, this review will provide a guideline platform that will be useful in developing novel smart nano-therapies by considering the aspects and advantages of nano-biotechnology to manage NDs in a personalized manner. Nano-biotechnology-based approaches have been proposed as effective and affordable alternatives at the clinical level due to recent advancements in nanotechnology-assisted theragnostics, targeted delivery, higher efficacy, and minimal side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Keshaw Ram Aadil
- Center for Basic Sciences, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, India
| | - Kunal Mondal
- Materials Science and Engineering Department, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho Falls, ID, USA
| | - Yogendra Kumar Mishra
- Mads Clausen Institute, NanoSYD, University of Southern Denmark, Sønderborg, Denmark
| | - David Oupicky
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Seeram Ramakrishna
- Center for Nanotechnology and Sustainability, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ajeet Kaushik
- NanoBioTech Laboratory, Health Systems Engineering, Department of Environmental Engineering, Florida Polytechnic University, Lakeland, FL, USA
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Maset A, Albanesi M, di Soccio A, Canova M, dal Maschio M, Lodovichi C. Aberrant Patterns of Sensory-Evoked Activity in the Olfactory Bulb of LRRK2 Knockout Mice. Cells 2021; 10:3212. [PMID: 34831434 PMCID: PMC8622670 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The LRRK2 gene is the major genetic determinant of familiar Parkinson's disease (PD). Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) is a multidomain protein involved in several intracellular signaling pathways. A wealth of evidence indicates that LRRK2 is enriched at the presynaptic compartment where it regulates vesicle trafficking and neurotransmitter release. However, whether the role of LRRK2 affects neuronal networks dynamic at systems level remains unknown. Addressing this question is critical to unravel the impact of LRRK2 on brain function. Here, combining behavioral tests, electrophysiological recordings, and functional imaging, we investigated neuronal network dynamics, in vivo, in the olfactory bulb of mice carrying a null mutation in LRRK2 gene (LRRK2 knockout, LRRK2 KO, mice). We found that LRRK2 KO mice exhibit olfactory behavioral deficits. At the circuit level, the lack of LRRK2 expression results in altered gamma rhythms and odorant-evoked activity with significant impairments, while the spontaneous activity exhibited limited alterations. Overall, our data in the olfactory bulb suggest that the multifaced role of LRRK2 has a strong impact at system level when the network is engaged in active sensory processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Maset
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Via Orus 2, 35129 Padova, Italy; (A.M.); (M.A.); (A.d.S.)
- Padova Neuroscience Center (PNC), Università degli Studi di Padova Via Orus 2, 35129 Padova, Italy; (M.C.); (M.d.M.)
| | - Marco Albanesi
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Via Orus 2, 35129 Padova, Italy; (A.M.); (M.A.); (A.d.S.)
- Padova Neuroscience Center (PNC), Università degli Studi di Padova Via Orus 2, 35129 Padova, Italy; (M.C.); (M.d.M.)
| | - Antonio di Soccio
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Via Orus 2, 35129 Padova, Italy; (A.M.); (M.A.); (A.d.S.)
- Padova Neuroscience Center (PNC), Università degli Studi di Padova Via Orus 2, 35129 Padova, Italy; (M.C.); (M.d.M.)
| | - Martina Canova
- Padova Neuroscience Center (PNC), Università degli Studi di Padova Via Orus 2, 35129 Padova, Italy; (M.C.); (M.d.M.)
| | - Marco dal Maschio
- Padova Neuroscience Center (PNC), Università degli Studi di Padova Via Orus 2, 35129 Padova, Italy; (M.C.); (M.d.M.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences-UNIPD, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via U. Bassi 58B, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Claudia Lodovichi
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Via Orus 2, 35129 Padova, Italy; (A.M.); (M.A.); (A.d.S.)
- Padova Neuroscience Center (PNC), Università degli Studi di Padova Via Orus 2, 35129 Padova, Italy; (M.C.); (M.d.M.)
- Institute of Neuroscience-CNR, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35121 Padova, Italy
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90
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Biswas D, Shenoy SV, Chetanya C, Lachén-Montes M, Barpanda A, Athithyan AP, Ghosh S, Ausín K, Zelaya MV, Fernández-Irigoyen J, Manna A, Roy S, Talukdar A, Ball GR, Santamaría E, Srivastava S. Deciphering the Interregional and Interhemisphere Proteome of the Human Brain in the Context of the Human Proteome Project. J Proteome Res 2021; 20:5280-5293. [PMID: 34714085 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.1c00511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
This study, which performs an extensive mass spectrometry-based analysis of 19 brain regions from both left and right hemispheres, presents the first draft of the human brain interhemispheric proteome. This high-resolution proteomics data provides comprehensive coverage of 3300 experimentally measured (nonhypothetical) proteins across multiple regions, allowing the characterization of protein-centric interhemispheric differences and synapse biology, and portrays the regional mapping of specific regions for brain disorder biomarkers. In the context of the Human Proteome Project (HPP), the interhemispheric proteome data reveal specific markers like chimerin 2 (CHN2) in the cerebellar vermis, olfactory marker protein (OMP) in the olfactory bulb, and ankyrin repeat domain 63 (ANKRD63) in basal ganglia, in line with regional brain transcriptomes mapped in the Human Protein Atlas (HPA). In addition, an in silico analysis pipeline was used to predict the structure and function of the uncharacterized uPE1 protein ANKRD63, and parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) was applied to validate its region-specific expression. Finally, we have built the Interhemispheric Brain Proteome Map (IBPM) Portal (www.brainprot.org) to stimulate the scientific community's interest in the brain molecular landscape and accelerate and support research in neuroproteomics. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD019936.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deeptarup Biswas
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Sanjyot Vinayak Shenoy
- Department of Mathematics, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Chetanya Chetanya
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Mercedes Lachén-Montes
- Clinical Neuroproteomics Unit, Proteomics Platform, Proteored-ISCIII, Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Abhilash Barpanda
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | | | - Susmita Ghosh
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Karina Ausín
- Clinical Neuroproteomics Unit, Proteomics Platform, Proteored-ISCIII, Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - María Victoria Zelaya
- Clinical Neuroproteomics Unit, Proteomics Platform, Proteored-ISCIII, Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Joaquín Fernández-Irigoyen
- Clinical Neuroproteomics Unit, Proteomics Platform, Proteored-ISCIII, Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Akash Manna
- Medicine Department, Medical College Hospital Kolkata, 88 College Street, Kolkata 700072, India
| | - Sudesh Roy
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Arunasu Talukdar
- Medicine Department, Medical College Hospital Kolkata, 88 College Street, Kolkata 700072, India
| | - Graham Roy Ball
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham NG11 8NS, United Kingdom
| | - Enrique Santamaría
- Clinical Neuroproteomics Unit, Proteomics Platform, Proteored-ISCIII, Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Sanjeeva Srivastava
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
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91
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Milone R, Tancredi R, Cosenza A, Ferrari AR, Scalise R, Cioni G, Battini R. 17q12 Recurrent Deletions and Duplications: Description of a Case Series with Neuropsychiatric Phenotype. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12111660. [PMID: 34828266 PMCID: PMC8620923 DOI: 10.3390/genes12111660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Syndromic neurodevelopmental disorders are usually investigated through genetics technologies, within which array comparative genomic hybridization (Array-CGH) is still considered the first-tier clinical diagnostic test. Among recurrent syndromic imbalances, 17q12 deletions and duplications are characterized by neurodevelopmental disorders associated with visceral developmental disorders, although expressive variability is common. Here we describe a case series of 12 patients with 17q12 chromosomal imbalances, in order to expand the phenotypic characterization of these recurrent syndromes whose diagnosis is often underestimated, especially if only mild traits are present. Gene content and genotype-phenotype correlations have been discussed, with special regard to neuropsychiatric features, whose impact often requires etiologic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Milone
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Calambrone, 56128 Pisa, Italy; (R.M.); (R.T.); (A.C.); (A.R.F.); (R.S.); (G.C.)
| | - Raffaella Tancredi
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Calambrone, 56128 Pisa, Italy; (R.M.); (R.T.); (A.C.); (A.R.F.); (R.S.); (G.C.)
| | - Angela Cosenza
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Calambrone, 56128 Pisa, Italy; (R.M.); (R.T.); (A.C.); (A.R.F.); (R.S.); (G.C.)
| | - Anna Rita Ferrari
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Calambrone, 56128 Pisa, Italy; (R.M.); (R.T.); (A.C.); (A.R.F.); (R.S.); (G.C.)
| | - Roberta Scalise
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Calambrone, 56128 Pisa, Italy; (R.M.); (R.T.); (A.C.); (A.R.F.); (R.S.); (G.C.)
- Tuscan PhD Program of Neuroscience, University of Florence, Pisa and Siena, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Giovanni Cioni
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Calambrone, 56128 Pisa, Italy; (R.M.); (R.T.); (A.C.); (A.R.F.); (R.S.); (G.C.)
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Roberta Battini
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Calambrone, 56128 Pisa, Italy; (R.M.); (R.T.); (A.C.); (A.R.F.); (R.S.); (G.C.)
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Correspondence:
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92
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Rodriguez-Gomez DA, Garcia-Guaqueta DP, Charry-Sánchez JD, Sarquis-Buitrago E, Blanco M, Velez-van-Meerbeke A, Talero-Gutiérrez C. A systematic review of common genetic variation and biological pathways in autism spectrum disorder. BMC Neurosci 2021; 22:60. [PMID: 34627165 PMCID: PMC8501721 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-021-00662-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition characterized by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction. Common genetic variation appears to play a key role in the development of this condition. In this systematic review, we describe the relationship between genetic variations and autism. We created a gene dataset of the genes involved in the pathogenesis of autism and performed an over-representation analysis to evaluate the biological functions and molecular pathways that may explain the associations between these variants and the development of ASD. Results 177 studies and a gene set composed of 139 were included in this qualitative systematic review. Enriched pathways in the over-representation analysis using the KEGG pathway database were mostly associated with neurotransmitter receptors and their subunits. Major over-represented biological processes were social behavior, vocalization behavior, learning and memory. The enriched cellular component of the proteins encoded by the genes identified in this systematic review were the postsynaptic membrane and the cell junction. Conclusions Among the biological processes that were examined, genes involved in synaptic integrity, neurotransmitter metabolism, and cell adhesion molecules were significantly involved in the development of autism. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12868-021-00662-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Alejandro Rodriguez-Gomez
- Neuroscience Research Group (NeURos), NeuroVitae Center for Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Carrera 24 No. 63C-69, 111221, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Danna Paola Garcia-Guaqueta
- Neuroscience Research Group (NeURos), NeuroVitae Center for Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Carrera 24 No. 63C-69, 111221, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Jesús David Charry-Sánchez
- Neuroscience Research Group (NeURos), NeuroVitae Center for Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Carrera 24 No. 63C-69, 111221, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Elias Sarquis-Buitrago
- Neuroscience Research Group (NeURos), NeuroVitae Center for Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Carrera 24 No. 63C-69, 111221, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Mariana Blanco
- Neuroscience Research Group (NeURos), NeuroVitae Center for Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Carrera 24 No. 63C-69, 111221, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Alberto Velez-van-Meerbeke
- Neuroscience Research Group (NeURos), NeuroVitae Center for Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Carrera 24 No. 63C-69, 111221, Bogotá D.C., Colombia.,NeuroVitae Center for Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Carrera 24 No. 63C-69, 111221, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Claudia Talero-Gutiérrez
- Neuroscience Research Group (NeURos), NeuroVitae Center for Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Carrera 24 No. 63C-69, 111221, Bogotá D.C., Colombia. .,NeuroVitae Center for Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Carrera 24 No. 63C-69, 111221, Bogotá D.C., Colombia.
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93
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Cuttler K, Hassan M, Carr J, Cloete R, Bardien S. Emerging evidence implicating a role for neurexins in neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders. Open Biol 2021; 11:210091. [PMID: 34610269 PMCID: PMC8492176 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.210091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Synaptopathies are brain disorders characterized by dysfunctional synapses, which are specialized junctions between neurons that are essential for the transmission of information. Synaptic dysfunction can occur due to mutations that alter the structure and function of synaptic components or abnormal expression levels of a synaptic protein. One class of synaptic proteins that are essential to their biology are cell adhesion proteins that connect the pre- and post-synaptic compartments. Neurexins are one type of synaptic cell adhesion molecule that have, recently, gained more pathological interest. Variants in both neurexins and their common binding partners, neuroligins, have been associated with several neuropsychiatric disorders. In this review, we summarize some of the key physiological functions of the neurexin protein family and the protein networks they are involved in. Furthermore, examination of published literature has implicated neurexins in both neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders. There is a clear link between neurexins and neuropsychiatric disorders, such as autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia. However, multiple expression studies have also shown changes in neurexin expression in several neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Therefore, this review highlights the potential importance of neurexins in brain disorders and the importance of doing more targeted studies on these genes and proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katelyn Cuttler
- Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Maryam Hassan
- South African Medical Research Council Bioinformatics Unit, South African National Bioinformatics Institute, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jonathan Carr
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa,South African Medical Research Council/Stellenbosch University Genomics of Brain Disorders Research Unit, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Ruben Cloete
- South African Medical Research Council Bioinformatics Unit, South African National Bioinformatics Institute, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Soraya Bardien
- Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa,South African Medical Research Council/Stellenbosch University Genomics of Brain Disorders Research Unit, Cape Town, South Africa
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94
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Secreted Reporter Assay Enables Quantitative and Longitudinal Monitoring of Neuronal Activity. eNeuro 2021; 8:ENEURO.0518-20.2021. [PMID: 34531280 PMCID: PMC8489021 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0518-20.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to measure changes in neuronal activity in a quantifiable and precise manner is of fundamental importance to understand neuron development and function. Repeated monitoring of neuronal activity of the same population of neurons over several days is challenging and, typically, low-throughput. Here, we describe a new biochemical reporter assay that allows for repeated measurements of neuronal activity in a cell type-specific manner. We coupled activity-dependent elements from the Arc/Arg3.1 gene with a secreted reporter, Gaussia luciferase (Gluc), to quantify neuronal activity without sacrificing the neurons. The reporter predominantly senses calcium and NMDA receptor (NMDAR)-dependent activity. By repeatedly measuring the accumulation of the reporter in cell media, we can profile the developmental dynamics of neuronal activity in cultured neurons from male and female mice. The assay also allows for longitudinal analysis of pharmacological treatments, thus distinguishing acute from delayed responses. Moreover, conditional expression of the reporter allows for monitoring cell type-specific changes. This simple, quantitative, cost-effective, automatable, and cell type-specific activity reporter is a valuable tool to study the development of neuronal activity in normal and disease-model conditions, and to identify small molecules or protein factors that selectively modulate the activity of a specific population of neurons.
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95
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Farhy-Tselnicker I, Boisvert MM, Liu H, Dowling C, Erikson GA, Blanco-Suarez E, Farhy C, Shokhirev MN, Ecker JR, Allen NJ. Activity-dependent modulation of synapse-regulating genes in astrocytes. eLife 2021; 10:70514. [PMID: 34494546 PMCID: PMC8497060 DOI: 10.7554/elife.70514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes regulate the formation and function of neuronal synapses via multiple signals; however, what controls regional and temporal expression of these signals during development is unknown. We determined the expression profile of astrocyte synapse-regulating genes in the developing mouse visual cortex, identifying astrocyte signals that show differential temporal and layer-enriched expression. These patterns are not intrinsic to astrocytes, but regulated by visually evoked neuronal activity, as they are absent in mice lacking glutamate release from thalamocortical terminals. Consequently, synapses remain immature. Expression of synapse-regulating genes and synaptic development is also altered when astrocyte signaling is blunted by diminishing calcium release from astrocyte stores. Single-nucleus RNA sequencing identified groups of astrocytic genes regulated by neuronal and astrocyte activity, and a cassette of genes that show layer-specific enrichment. Thus, the development of cortical circuits requires coordinated signaling between astrocytes and neurons, highlighting astrocytes as a target to manipulate in neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Farhy-Tselnicker
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, United States
| | - Matthew M Boisvert
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, United States
| | - Hanqing Liu
- Genomic Analysis Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, United States.,Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, United States
| | - Cari Dowling
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, United States
| | - Galina A Erikson
- Razavi Newman Integrative Genomics and Bioinformatics Core, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, United States
| | - Elena Blanco-Suarez
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, United States
| | - Chen Farhy
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, United States
| | - Maxim N Shokhirev
- Razavi Newman Integrative Genomics and Bioinformatics Core, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, United States
| | - Joseph R Ecker
- Genomic Analysis Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, United States.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, United States
| | - Nicola J Allen
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, United States
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96
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Behavioural Functions and Cerebral Blood Flow in a P301S Tauopathy Mouse Model: A Time-Course Study. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189727. [PMID: 34575885 PMCID: PMC8468775 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tauopathies refer to a group of neurodegenerative diseases with intracellular accumulation of hyperphosphorylated and aggregated microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT) in neurons and glial cells. PS19 mice bearing the MAPT P301S mutation have been used to mimic human frontotemporal lobar degeneration. The present study was designed to systematically investigate how behavioural functions, resting cerebral blood flow (CBF) and tau pathology change in PS19 mice at 2, 4, 6, 8 and 12 months of age in a single study under one experimental condition, allowing for the cumulative assessment of age- and genotype-dependent changes. PS19 mice displayed hyperactivity and reduced anxiety levels with age, early and persistent spatial working memory deficits and reduced resting neocortical CBF. Immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry revealed age-related increases in phosphorylated tau in the brain of PS19 mice. In conclusion, the present study, for the first time, cumulatively demonstrated the time-course of changes in behavioural functions, resting CBF and tau pathology in a P301S tauopathy mouse model through their developmental span. This information provides further evidence for the utility of this model to study neurodegenerative events associated with tauopathy and tau dysfunction.
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97
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Moretti M, Rodrigues ALS. Functional role of ascorbic acid in the central nervous system: a focus on neurogenic and synaptogenic processes. Nutr Neurosci 2021; 25:2431-2441. [PMID: 34493165 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2021.1956848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ascorbic acid, a water-soluble vitamin, is highly concentrated in the brain and participates in neuronal modulation and regulation of central nervous system (CNS) homeostasis. Ascorbic acid has emerged as a neuroprotective compound against neurotoxicants and neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Moreover, it improves behavioral and biochemical alterations in psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia, anxiety, major depressive disorder, and bipolar disorder. Some recent studies have advanced the knowledge on the mechanisms associated with the preventive and therapeutic effects of ascorbic acid by showing that they are linked to improved neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity. This review shows that ascorbic acid has the potential to regulate positively stem cell generation and proliferation. Moreover, it improves neuronal differentiation of precursors cells, promotes adult hippocampal neurogenesis, and has synaptogenic effects that are possibly linked to its protective or therapeutic effects in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgana Moretti
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Ana Lúcia S Rodrigues
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
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98
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Perić I, Costina V, Djordjević S, Gass P, Findeisen P, Inta D, Borgwardt S, Filipović D. Tianeptine modulates synaptic vesicle dynamics and favors synaptic mitochondria processes in socially isolated rats. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17747. [PMID: 34493757 PMCID: PMC8423821 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97186-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Deregulation of synaptic function and neurotransmission has been linked with the development of major depression disorder (MDD). Tianeptine (Tian) has been used as antidepressant with anxiolytic properties and recently as a nootropic to improve cognitive performance, but its mechanism of action is unknown. We conducted a proteomic study on the hippocampal synaptosomal fractions of adult male Wistar rats exposed to chronic social isolation (CSIS, 6 weeks), an animal model of depression and after chronic Tian treatment in controls (nootropic effect) and CSIS-exposed rats (lasting 3 weeks of 6-week CSIS) (therapeutic effect). Increased expression of Syn1 and Camk2-related neurotransmission, vesicle transport and energy processes in Tian-treated controls were found. CSIS led to upregulation of proteins associated with actin cytoskeleton, signaling transduction and glucose metabolism. In CSIS rats, Tian up-regulated proteins involved in mitochondrial energy production, mitochondrial transport and dynamics, antioxidative defense and glutamate clearance, while attenuating the CSIS-increased glycolytic pathway and cytoskeleton organization proteins expression and decreased the expression of proteins involved in V-ATPase and vesicle endocytosis. Our overall findings revealed that synaptic vesicle dynamics, specifically exocytosis, and mitochondria-related energy processes might be key biological pathways modulated by the effective nootropic and antidepressant treatment with Tian and be a potential target for therapeutic efficacy of the stress-related mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Perić
- Department of Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, "VINČA", Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Victor Costina
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the University of Heidelberg, University Hospital Mannheim, 68159, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | - Peter Gass
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68159, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Peter Findeisen
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the University of Heidelberg, University Hospital Mannheim, 68159, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Dragoš Inta
- Department of Psychiatry (UPK), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Borgwardt
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Dragana Filipović
- Department of Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, "VINČA", Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
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99
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Cornell J, Salinas S, Huang HY, Zhou M. Microglia regulation of synaptic plasticity and learning and memory. Neural Regen Res 2021; 17:705-716. [PMID: 34472455 PMCID: PMC8530121 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.322423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia are the resident macrophages of the central nervous system. Microglia possess varied morphologies and functions. Under normal physiological conditions, microglia mainly exist in a resting state and constantly monitor their microenvironment and survey neuronal and synaptic activity. Through the C1q, C3 and CR3 “Eat Me” and CD47 and SIRPα “Don’t Eat Me” complement pathways, as well as other pathways such as CX3CR1 signaling, resting microglia regulate synaptic pruning, a process crucial for the promotion of synapse formation and the regulation of neuronal activity and synaptic plasticity. By mediating synaptic pruning, resting microglia play an important role in the regulation of experience-dependent plasticity in the barrel cortex and visual cortex after whisker removal or monocular deprivation, and also in the regulation of learning and memory, including the modulation of memory strength, forgetfulness, and memory quality. As a response to brain injury, infection or neuroinflammation, microglia become activated and increase in number. Activated microglia change to an amoeboid shape, migrate to sites of inflammation and secrete proteins such as cytokines, chemokines and reactive oxygen species. These molecules released by microglia can lead to synaptic plasticity and learning and memory deficits associated with aging, Alzheimer’s disease, traumatic brain injury, HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder, and other neurological or mental disorders such as autism, depression and post-traumatic stress disorder. With a focus mainly on recently published literature, here we reviewed the studies investigating the role of resting microglia in synaptic plasticity and learning and memory, as well as how activated microglia modulate disease-related plasticity and learning and memory deficits. By summarizing the function of microglia in these processes, we aim to provide an overview of microglia regulation of synaptic plasticity and learning and memory, and to discuss the possibility of microglia manipulation as a therapeutic to ameliorate cognitive deficits associated with aging, Alzheimer’s disease, traumatic brain injury, HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder, and mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Cornell
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, USA
| | - Shelbi Salinas
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, USA
| | - Hou-Yuan Huang
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, USA
| | - Miou Zhou
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, USA
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100
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Gómez de San José N, Massa F, Halbgebauer S, Oeckl P, Steinacker P, Otto M. Neuronal pentraxins as biomarkers of synaptic activity: from physiological functions to pathological changes in neurodegeneration. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2021; 129:207-230. [PMID: 34460014 PMCID: PMC8866268 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-021-02411-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The diagnosis of neurodegenerative disorders is often challenging due to the lack of diagnostic tools, comorbidities and shared pathological manifestations. Synaptic dysfunction is an early pathological event in many neurodegenerative disorders, but the underpinning mechanisms are still poorly characterised. Reliable quantification of synaptic damage is crucial to understand the pathophysiology of neurodegeneration, to track disease status and to obtain prognostic information. Neuronal pentraxins (NPTXs) are extracellular scaffolding proteins emerging as potential biomarkers of synaptic dysfunction in neurodegeneration. They are a family of proteins involved in homeostatic synaptic plasticity by recruiting post-synaptic receptors into synapses. Recent research investigates the dynamic changes of NPTXs in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) as an expression of synaptic damage, possibly related to cognitive impairment. In this review, we summarise the available data on NPTXs structure and expression patterns as well as on their contribution in synaptic function and plasticity and other less well-characterised roles. Moreover, we propose a mechanism for their involvement in synaptic damage and neurodegeneration and assess their potential as CSF biomarkers for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Federico Massa
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Patrick Oeckl
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE E.V.), Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Markus Otto
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
- Department of Neurology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Ernst-Grube-Str. 40, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany.
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