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Schulze B, Rambach G, Schwartze VU, Voigt K, Schubert K, Speth C, Jacobsen ID. Ketoacidosis alone does not predispose to mucormycosis by Lichtheimia in a murine pulmonary infection model. Virulence 2017; 8:1657-1667. [PMID: 28750194 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2017.1360460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucormycosis is a rare fungal infection; however, the number of cases increased during the last decades. The main risk factors are immunosuppression and uncontrolled diabetes mellitus. Although Lichtheimia species represent a common cause of mucormycosis in Europe, virulence and pathogenesis of this genus has not been investigated in detail yet. Using murine pulmonary infection models, we found that immunosuppression is essential for establishment of infection. The disease was characterized by necrosis, angioinvasion, thrombosis, and the lethal course of infection was associated with systemic activation of platelets. Furthermore, dissemination to internal organs was frequently observed. While the virulence potential of individual L. corymbifera and L. ramosa isolates differed, pathogenicity of both species was comparable. Although ketoacidosis promoted Rhizopus infection in mice, it did not predispose mice to infection with Lichtheimia in the absence of additional immunosuppression. This might partially explain the dominance of Rhizopus as cause of mucormycosis in countries with high prevalence of ketoacidotic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Schulze
- a Research Group Microbial Immunology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans-Knöll-Institute (HKI) , Jena , Germany
| | - Günter Rambach
- b Division of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology , Medical University of Innsbruck , Austria.,c Christian Doppler Laboratory for Invasive Fungal Infections , Innsbruck , Austria
| | - Volker U Schwartze
- d Jena Microbial Resource Collection, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans-Knöll-Institute (HKI) , Jena , Germany.,e Friedrich Schiller University , Jena , Germany
| | - Kerstin Voigt
- d Jena Microbial Resource Collection, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans-Knöll-Institute (HKI) , Jena , Germany.,e Friedrich Schiller University , Jena , Germany
| | - Katja Schubert
- a Research Group Microbial Immunology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans-Knöll-Institute (HKI) , Jena , Germany
| | - Cornelia Speth
- b Division of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology , Medical University of Innsbruck , Austria.,c Christian Doppler Laboratory for Invasive Fungal Infections , Innsbruck , Austria
| | - Ilse D Jacobsen
- a Research Group Microbial Immunology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans-Knöll-Institute (HKI) , Jena , Germany.,e Friedrich Schiller University , Jena , Germany
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52
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Ponomareva AA, Nevzorova TA, Mordakhanova ER, Andrianova IA, Rauova L, Litvinov RI, Weisel JW. Intracellular origin and ultrastructure of platelet-derived microparticles. J Thromb Haemost 2017; 15:1655-1667. [PMID: 28561434 PMCID: PMC5657319 DOI: 10.1111/jth.13745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Essentials Platelet microparticles play a major role in pathologies, including hemostasis and thrombosis. Platelet microparticles have been analyzed and classified based on their ultrastructure. The structure and intracellular origin of microparticles depend on the cell-activating stimulus. Thrombin-treated platelets fall apart and form microparticles that contain cellular organelles. SUMMARY Background Platelet-derived microparticles comprise the major population of circulating blood microparticles that play an important role in hemostasis and thrombosis. Despite numerous studies on the (patho)physiological roles of platelet-derived microparticles, mechanisms of their formation and structural details remain largely unknown. Objectives Here we studied the formation, ultrastructure and composition of platelet-derived microparticles from isolated human platelets, either quiescent or stimulated with one of the following activators: arachidonic acid, ADP, collagen, thrombin or calcium ionophore A23187. Methods Using flow cytometry, transmission and scanning electron microscopy, we analyzed the intracellular origin, structural diversity and size distributions of the subcellular particles released from platelets. Results The structure, dimensions and intracellular origin of microparticles depend on the cell-activating stimulus. The main structural groups include a vesicle surrounded by one thin membrane or multivesicular structures. Thrombin, unlike other stimuli, induced formation of microparticles not only from the platelet plasma membrane and cytoplasm but also from intracellular structures. A fraction of these vesicular particles having an intracellular origin contained organelles, such as mitochondria, glycogen granules and vacuoles. The size of platelet-derived microparticles depended on the nature of the cell-activating stimulus. Conclusion The results obtained provide a structural basis for the qualitative differences of various platelet activators, for specific physiological and pathological effects of microparticles, and for development of advanced assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Ponomareva
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan, Russia Federation
| | - T A Nevzorova
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - E R Mordakhanova
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - I A Andrianova
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - L Rauova
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - R I Litvinov
- University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - J W Weisel
- University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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53
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Allende M, Molina E, Lecumberri R, Sanchez-Arias JA, Ugarte A, Guruceaga E, Oyarzabal J, Hermida J. Inducing heat shock protein 70 expression provides a robust antithrombotic effect with minimal bleeding risk. Thromb Haemost 2017; 117:1722-1729. [PMID: 28837204 DOI: 10.1160/th17-02-0108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Antithrombotic medications target coagulation factors. Their use is associated with an increased bleeding risk. Safer drugs are needed. The heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) exhibits antithrombotic properties that do not influence bleeding. By using murine models, we aimed to test the hypothesis that overexpressing Hsp70 with CM-695, a first in class dual inhibitor of HDAC6 and phosphodiesterase 9, protects against thrombosis while leaves bleeding tendency unaltered. CM-695 was used to induce Hsp70 overexpression. Hsp70 overexpressing mice were submitted to three thrombosis-triggering procedures. The ferric chloride carotid artery model was used to compare the antithrombotic role of CM-695 and rivaroxaban, a direct oral anticoagulant. The mouse tail transection model was used to compare the bleeding tendency upon CM-695 or rivaroxaban administration. Intraperitoneal (i. p.) 20 mg/kg CM-695 increased Hsp70 expression markedly in the murine aortic tissue. This treatment delayed thrombosis in the collagen/epinephrine [p=0.04 (Log-Rank test), n=10], Rose Bengal/laser [median vessel occlusion time (OT): 58.6 vs 39.0 minutes (min) in the control group (CG), p=0.008, n≥10] and ferric chloride (OT: 14.7 vs 9.2 min in the CG, p=0.032, n≥10) models. I.p. 80 mg/kg CM-695 (n≥9) and intravenous 3 mg/kg rivaroxaban (n≥8) significantly delayed thrombosis. CM-695 did not induce bleeding [median bleeding time (BT): 8.5 vs 7.5 min in the CG, n≥10]. However, BT was dramatically increased by rivaroxaban (30.0 vs 13.7 min in the CG, p=0.001, n=10). In conclusion, CM-695 is a new antithrombotic small molecule devoid of bleeding risk that may be envisioned as a useful clinical tool.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - José Hermida
- José Hermida, MD,PhD, University of Navarra, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Laboratory of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Pío XII 55, Pamplona 31008, Spain, Tel.: +34948194700×3027, Fax: +34948194716, E-mail:
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54
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Badran Z, Abdallah MN, Torres J, Tamimi F. Platelet concentrates for bone regeneration: Current evidence and future challenges. Platelets 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2017.1327656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zahi Badran
- Department of Periodontology (CHU/Rmes Inserm U1229/UIC11), Faculty of Dental Surgery, University of Nantes, Nantes, France
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Mohamed-Nur Abdallah
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jesus Torres
- Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Faleh Tamimi
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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55
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Ridger VC, Boulanger CM, Angelillo-Scherrer A, Badimon L, Blanc-Brude O, Bochaton-Piallat ML, Boilard E, Buzas EI, Caporali A, Dignat-George F, Evans PC, Lacroix R, Lutgens E, Ketelhuth DFJ, Nieuwland R, Toti F, Tunon J, Weber C, Hoefer IE. Microvesicles in vascular homeostasis and diseases. Position Paper of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Working Group on Atherosclerosis and Vascular Biology. Thromb Haemost 2017; 117:1296-1316. [PMID: 28569921 DOI: 10.1160/th16-12-0943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Microvesicles are members of the family of extracellular vesicles shed from the plasma membrane of activated or apoptotic cells. Microvesicles were initially characterised by their pro-coagulant activity and described as "microparticles". There is mounting evidence revealing a role for microvesicles in intercellular communication, with particular relevance to hemostasis and vascular biology. Coupled with this, the potential of microvesicles as meaningful biomarkers is under intense investigation. This Position Paper will summarise the current knowledge on the mechanisms of formation and composition of microvesicles of endothelial, platelet, red blood cell and leukocyte origin. This paper will also review and discuss the different methods used for their analysis and quantification, will underline the potential biological roles of these vesicles with respect to vascular homeostasis and thrombosis and define important themes for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chantal M Boulanger
- Victoria Ridger, PhD, Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK, E-mail: , or, Chantal M. Boulanger, PhD, INSERM UMR-S 970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center - PARCC, 56 rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France, E-mail:
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56
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Sekhon UDS, Sen Gupta A. Platelets and Platelet-Inspired Biomaterials Technologies in Wound Healing Applications. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2017; 4:1176-1192. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.7b00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ujjal Didar Singh Sekhon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44102, United States
| | - Anirban Sen Gupta
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44102, United States
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57
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Carvalho LML, Ferreira CN, Sóter MO, Sales MF, Rodrigues KF, Martins SR, Candido AL, Reis FM, Silva IFO, Campos FMF, Gomes KB. Microparticles: Inflammatory and haemostatic biomarkers in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 443:155-162. [PMID: 28088464 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is associated with a chronic low-grade inflammation and predisposition to hemostatic and atherosclerotic complications. This case-control study evaluated the microparticles (MPs) profile in patients with the PCOS and related these MPs to clinical and biochemical parameters. MPs derived from platelets (PMPs), leuckocytes (LMPs) and endothelial cells (EMPs) were evaluated, as well as MPs expressing tissue factor (TFMPs), by flow cytometry, comparing women with PCOS (n = 50) and a healthy control group (n = 50). PCOS women presented increased total MPs, PMPs, LMPs and EMPs levels when compared to control group (all p < 0.05). TFMPs was similar between the groups (p = 0.379). In conclusion, these MPs populations could be useful biomarkers for association with thrombosis and cardiovascular disease in PCOS women.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M L Carvalho
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - C N Ferreira
- Colégio Técnico, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - M O Sóter
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - M F Sales
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - K F Rodrigues
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - S R Martins
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - A L Candido
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - F M Reis
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - I F O Silva
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - F M F Campos
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - K B Gomes
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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58
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Jackson W, Sosnoski DM, Ohanessian SE, Chandler P, Mobley A, Meisel KD, Mastro AM. Role of Megakaryocytes in Breast Cancer Metastasis to Bone. Cancer Res 2017; 77:1942-1954. [PMID: 28202531 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-1084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about how megakaryocytes may affect metastasis beyond serving as a source of platelets. In this study, we explored the functional implications of megakaryocyte accumulation in the femurs of mice after injection of metastatic or non-metastatic breast cancer cells in 4T1.2 BALB/cJ and MDA-MB-231 nude mouse models. At bone metastatic sites, but not primary growth sites, tumor growth was associated with increased megakaryopoiesis in both model systems. In the orthotopic BALB/cJ model, extramedullary hematopoiesis occurred in the spleen, resulting in a four-fold increase in megakaryocytes. In support of the hypothesis that reducing megakaryocytes may reduce metastasis, we found that thrombopoietin-deficient mice exhibited a 90% relative decrease in megakaryocytes, yet they developed more aggressive metastasis than wild-type hosts. In human clinical specimens, we observed an increase in megakaryocytes in the bone marrow of 6/8 patients with metastatic breast cancer compared with age- and gender-matched controls. Taken together, our results suggested that an increase in megakaryocytes occurring in response to metastatic cells entering the bone marrow confers some measure of protection against metastasis, challenging present views on the role of megakaryocytes in this setting. Cancer Res; 77(8); 1942-54. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Jackson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Donna M Sosnoski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Sara E Ohanessian
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Paige Chandler
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Adam Mobley
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Kacey D Meisel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Andrea M Mastro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania.
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59
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Sun DS, Chang YW, Kau JH, Huang HH, Ho PH, Tzeng YJ, Chang HH. Soluble P-selectin rescues mice from anthrax lethal toxin-induced mortality through PSGL-1 pathway-mediated correction of hemostasis. Virulence 2017; 8:1216-1228. [PMID: 28102766 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2017.1282027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
As one of the virulence factors of Bacillus anthracis, lethal toxin (LT) induces various pathogenic responses including the suppression of the coagulation system. In this study, we observed that LT markedly increased the circulating soluble P-selectin (sP-sel) levels and microparticle (MP) count in wild-type but not P-selectin (P-sel, Selp-/-) or P-sel ligand-1 (PSGL-1, Selplg-/-) knockout mice. Because sP-sel induces a hypercoagulable state through PSGL-1 pathway to generate tissue factor-positive MPs, we hypothesized that the increase in plasma sP-sel levels can be a self-rescue response in hosts against the LT-mediated suppression of the coagulation system. In agreement with our hypothesis, our results indicated that compared with wild-type mice, Selp-/- and Selplg-/- mice were more sensitive to LT. In addition, the recombinant sP-sel treatment markedly ameliorated LT-mediated pathogenesis and reduced mortality. As a result, elicitation of circulating sP-sel is potentially a self-rescue response, which is beneficial to host recovery from an LT-induced hypocoagulation state. These results suggest that the administration of sP-sel is likely to be useful in the development of a new strategy to treat anthrax.
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Affiliation(s)
- Der-Shan Sun
- a Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics , Tzu-Chi University , Hualien , Taiwan.,b Center for Vascular Medicine , Tzu-Chi University , Hualien , Taiwan
| | - Yao-Wen Chang
- a Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics , Tzu-Chi University , Hualien , Taiwan
| | - Jyh-Hwa Kau
- c Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center , Taipei , Taiwan.,d Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Hsien Huang
- d Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Pei-Hsun Ho
- a Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics , Tzu-Chi University , Hualien , Taiwan
| | - Yin-Jeh Tzeng
- a Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics , Tzu-Chi University , Hualien , Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Hou Chang
- a Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics , Tzu-Chi University , Hualien , Taiwan.,b Center for Vascular Medicine , Tzu-Chi University , Hualien , Taiwan
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60
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Whitlock JM, Hartzell HC. Anoctamins/TMEM16 Proteins: Chloride Channels Flirting with Lipids and Extracellular Vesicles. Annu Rev Physiol 2016; 79:119-143. [PMID: 27860832 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-022516-034031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Anoctamin (ANO)/TMEM16 proteins exhibit diverse functions in cells throughout the body and are implicated in several human diseases. Although the founding members ANO1 (TMEM16A) and ANO2 (TMEM16B) are Ca2+-activated Cl- channels, most ANO paralogs are Ca2+-dependent phospholipid scramblases that serve as channels facilitating the movement (scrambling) of phospholipids between leaflets of the membrane bilayer. Phospholipid scrambling significantly alters the physical properties of the membrane and its landscape and has vast downstream signaling consequences. In particular, phosphatidylserine exposed on the external leaflet of the plasma membrane functions as a ligand for receptors vital for cell-cell communication. A major consequence of Ca2+-dependent scrambling is the release of extracellular vesicles that function as intercellular messengers by delivering signaling proteins and noncoding RNAs to alter target cell function. We discuss the physiological implications of Ca2+-dependent phospholipid scrambling, the extracellular vesicles associated with this activity, and the roles of ANOs in these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarred M Whitlock
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322;
| | - H Criss Hartzell
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322;
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61
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Ponschab M, van Griensven M, Heitmeier S, Laux V, Schlimp CJ, Calatzis A, Bahrami S, Redl H, Schöchl H. Platelet function in baboons and humans - A comparative study of whole blood using impedance platelet aggregometry (Multiplate®). Thromb Res 2016; 147:115-121. [PMID: 27736703 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2016.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Platelets play a pivotal role in coagulation, inflammation and wound healing. Suitable animal models that have the potential to mimic human platelet function are limited. The objective of the current study was to compare platelet aggregation response in the whole blood of baboons and humans using impedance aggregometry. METHODS Blood was drawn from 24 anesthetised male baboons and 25 healthy volunteers. The platelet aggregation response was determined by impedance aggregometry (Multiplate®). Platelets in the hirudinised whole blood samples were stimulated with four different activators: adenosine diphosphate (ADP), collagen (COL), thrombin receptor activating peptide-6 (TR1AP), and activation of PAR-4 thrombin receptor subtype (TR4AP) at standard concentrations. Higher than standard concentrations were tested in a subgroup of the animals. RESULTS The cell counts showed no differences between baboons and humans. The platelet aggregation response was significantly lower in baboons compared to humans when stimulated with the platelet agonists ADP (p<0.0001), COL (p=0.021) and TR4AP (p<0.0001). TR1AP did not stimulate platelet aggregation in the baboon blood. Doubling the concentration of ADP and of TR4AP significantly increased the AUC compared to the standard concentration. In contrast, increased COL levels did not further increase the AUC. CONCLUSION The current study revealed that testing the platelet function in baboon blood by impedance aggregometry is feasible with ADP, COL and TR4AP, but not with TR1AP. Compared to humans, the aggregation response is lower in baboons. Considering the limitations in accordance to these results, baboons might represent a potential species for further platelet research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Ponschab
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, AUVA Research Centre, Vienna, Austria; Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, AUVA Trauma Hospital Linz, Academic Teaching Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Martijn van Griensven
- Experimental Trauma Surgery, Department of Trauma Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Germany.
| | | | - Volker Laux
- Bayer Pharma AG, Acute Care Research, Wuppertal, Germany.
| | - Christoph J Schlimp
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, AUVA Research Centre, Vienna, Austria.
| | | | - Soheyl Bahrami
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, AUVA Research Centre, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Heinz Redl
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, AUVA Research Centre, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Herbert Schöchl
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, AUVA Research Centre, Vienna, Austria; Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, AUVA Trauma Centre, Salzburg, Austria.
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Giacomazzi A, Degan M, Calabria S, Meneguzzi A, Minuz P. Antiplatelet Agents Inhibit the Generation of Platelet-Derived Microparticles. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:314. [PMID: 27695417 PMCID: PMC5025445 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelet microparticles (PMPs) contribute to thrombogenesis but the effects of antiplatelet drugs on PMPs generation is undefined. The present study investigated the cellular events regulating PMPs shedding, testing in vitro platelet agonists and inhibitors. Platelet-rich plasma from healthy subjects was stimulated with arachidonic acid (AA), U46619, collagen type-I (10 and 1.5 μg/mL), epinephrine, ADP or TRAP-6 and pre-incubated with acetylsalicylic acid (ASA, 100 and 10 μmol/L), SQ-29,548, apyrase, PSB-0739, or eptifibatide. PMPs were detected by flow-cytometry using CD61 and annexin-V as fluorescent markers. Platelet agonists induced annexin V-positive PMPs shedding. The strongest response was to high concentration collagen. ADP-triggered PMPs shedding was dose-independent. ASA reduced PMPs induced by AA- (645, 347–2946 vs. 3061, 446–4901 PMPs/μL; median ad range, n = 9, P < 0.001), collagen 10 μg/mL (5317, 2027–15935 vs. 10252, 4187–46316 PMPs/μL; n = 13, P < 0.001), collagen 1.5 μg/mL (1078, 528–2820 vs. 1465, 582–5948 PMPs/μL; n = 21, P < 0.001) and TRAP-6 (2008, 1621–2495 vs. 2840, 2404–3031 PMPs/μL; n = 3, P < 0.01) but did not affect the response to epinephrine or ADP. The ADP scavenger apyrase reduced PMPs induced by U46619 (1256, 395–2908 vs. 3045, 1119–5494 PMPs/μL, n = 6, P < 0.05), collagen 1.5 μg/mL (1006, 780–1309 vs. 2422, 1839–3494 PMPs/μL, n = 3, P < 0.01) and TRAP-6 (904, 761–1224 vs. 2840, 2404–3031 PMPs/μL, n = 3, P < 0.01). The TP receptor antagonist SQ-29,548 and the P2Y12 receptor antagonist PSB-0739 markedly inhibited PMPs induced by low doses of collagen. Except for high-dose collagen, eptifibatide abolished agonist-induced PMPs release. Both TXA2 generation and ADP secretion are required as amplifiers of PMP shedding. The crucial role of the fibrinogen receptor and the collagen receptor in PMPs generation, independently of platelet aggregation, was identified.
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63
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Hu Q, Wang M, Cho MS, Wang C, Nick AM, Thiagarajan P, Aung FM, Han X, Sood AK, Afshar-Kharghan V. Lipid profile of platelets and platelet-derived microparticles in ovarian cancer. BBA CLINICAL 2016; 6:76-81. [PMID: 27453821 PMCID: PMC4941562 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbacli.2016.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Revised: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Background Ovarian cancer patients have a high risk of developing venous thrombosis. The membrane lipid bilayer of platelets and platelet-derived microparticles (PMP) provides a platform for assembly of coagulation proteins and generation of blood clots. Methods We compared the lipid composition of platelets and PMPs in patients with ovarian cancer to those in healthy subjects. We used shotgun lipidomics to quantify 12 classes and 177 species of lipids. Results We found a significant change in 2 classes of lipids in platelets and PMPs isolated from ovarian cancer patients: higher phosphatidylinositol and lower lyso-phosphatidylcholine. The level of 28 species of lipids was also significantly altered in the direction of an increase in the pro-coagulant and a reduction in the anticoagulant lipids. We found that cancer platelets expressed less lipid phosphate phosphatase 1 (LPP1), a key enzyme in phospholipid biosynthesis pathways, than normal platelets. The reduction in LPP1 might contribute to the changes in the lipid profile of cancer platelets. Conclusion Our results support a procoagulant lipid profile of platelets in ovarian cancer patients that can play a role in the increased risk of venous thrombosis in these patients. General significance As far as we are aware, our study is the first study on platelet lipidomics in ovarian cancer. The importance of our findings for the future studies are: 1) a similar change in lipid profile of platelets and PMP may be responsible for hypercoagulability in other cancers, and 2) plasma level of high-risk lipids for venous thrombosis may be useful biomarkers. Lipid composition of platelet and PMP is altered in ovarian cancer. The change in lipid composition of platelet and PMP is in a procoagulant direction. LPP1 enzyme is reduced in cancer platelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianghua Hu
- Department of Benign Hematology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Miao Wang
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, 6400 Sanger Road, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | - Min Soon Cho
- Department of Benign Hematology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Chunyan Wang
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, 6400 Sanger Road, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | - Alpa M Nick
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Perumal Thiagarajan
- Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Fleur M Aung
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xianlin Han
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, 6400 Sanger Road, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | - Anil K Sood
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Vahid Afshar-Kharghan
- Department of Benign Hematology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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64
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Qin C, Gu J, Hu J, Qian H, Fei X, Li Y, Liu R, Meng W. Platelets activation is associated with elevated plasma mitochondrial DNA during cardiopulmonary bypass. J Cardiothorac Surg 2016; 11:90. [PMID: 27266529 PMCID: PMC4895797 DOI: 10.1186/s13019-016-0481-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) was reported as a pro-inflammatory agent. In our previous study, elevation of plasma mtDNA was revealed after cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Platelets were activated during the cardiac surgery and recent study revealed its ability to release mtDNA. Our present study postulated that the elevated plasma mtDNA comes from activated platelets, which plays a critical role in post-CPB inflammatory responses. METHODS Sixty-eight patients who underwent coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) with CPB were enrolled in our study. Blood samples were collected before induction of anaesthesia (T1), at the end of CPB (T2), 12 h post-CPB (T3), 24 h post-CPB (T4), 48 h post-CPB (T5) and 72 h post-CPB (T6). Blood samples were analyzed for the routine blood test and prepared for plasma isolation. MtDNA concentration was measured by rt-PCR, and TNF-α and IL-6 were examined by specific ELISA kits. Subgroup study was analyzed by activation levels of platelet. Basic information, mtDNA level, TNF-α level and IL-6 level were all carefully studied in each quartile. RESULTS Activation level of platelets increased and peaked at T2, which decreased gradually from T3 to T6 (P < 0.05). MtDNA increased after CPB, peaked at T3, and then backed from T4 to T6 (P < 0.05). Bivariate correlation between peak activation level of platelets and peak plasma mtDNA level showed a positive correlation between these two parameters (r = 0.683, P < 0.0001). Both TNF-α and IL-6 showed similar patterns as mtDNA, with an increase from T1 to T3 and a decrease from T4 to T6 (P < 0.05). Subgroup analysis further demonstrated that patients with higher activation levels of PLT had higher plasma mtDNA levels and inflammatory level (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our study revealed the dynamic changes of activation level of platelets and identified the interesting association between platelets activation and plasma mtDNA, suggesting a novel potential mechanism of activated platelets-induced post-CPB inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyi Qin
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, West China Hospital, Si Chuan University, Guo Xue Alley 37, Cheng du, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Gu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, West China Hospital, Si Chuan University, Guo Xue Alley 37, Cheng du, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Hu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, West China Hospital, Si Chuan University, Guo Xue Alley 37, Cheng du, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Qian
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, West China Hospital, Si Chuan University, Guo Xue Alley 37, Cheng du, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Fei
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chengdu Women and Children's Central Hospital, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yajiao Li
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruiqi Liu
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Meng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, West China Hospital, Si Chuan University, Guo Xue Alley 37, Cheng du, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China.
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Maugeri N, Rovere-Querini P, Manfredi AA. Disruption of a Regulatory Network Consisting of Neutrophils and Platelets Fosters Persisting Inflammation in Rheumatic Diseases. Front Immunol 2016; 7:182. [PMID: 27242789 PMCID: PMC4871869 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A network of cellular interactions that involve blood leukocytes and platelets maintains vessel homeostasis. It plays a critical role in the response to invading microbes by recruiting intravascular immunity and through the generation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and immunothrombosis. Moreover, it enables immune cells to respond to remote chemoattractants by crossing the endothelial barrier and reaching sites of infection. Once the network operating under physiological conditions is disrupted, the reciprocal activation of cells in the blood and the vessel walls determines the vascular remodeling via inflammatory signals delivered to stem/progenitor cells. A deregulated leukocyte/mural cell interaction is an early critical event in the natural history of systemic inflammation. Despite intense efforts, the signals that initiate and sustain the immune-mediated vessel injury, or those that enforce the often-prolonged phases of clinical quiescence in patients with vasculitis, have only been partially elucidated. Here, we discuss recent evidence that implicates the prototypic damage-associated molecular pattern/alarmin, the high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein in systemic vasculitis and in the vascular inflammation associated with systemic sclerosis. HMGB1 could represent a player in the pathogenesis of rheumatic diseases and an attractive target for molecular interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norma Maugeri
- San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Università Vita Salute San Raffaele , Milano , Italy
| | | | - Angelo A Manfredi
- San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Università Vita Salute San Raffaele , Milano , Italy
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66
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Schifferli A, Kühne T. Thrombopoietin receptor agonists: a new immune modulatory strategy in immune thrombocytopenia? Semin Hematol 2016; 53 Suppl 1:S31-4. [PMID: 27312161 DOI: 10.1053/j.seminhematol.2016.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In 2008, new drugs that mimic the effects of thrombopoietin became available for the treatment of primary immune thrombocytopenia, eg, romiplostim and eltrombopag. These drugs activate the thrombopoietin receptor, stimulate the production of megakaryocytes, and increase the production of platelets. Important clinical observation has been gained, such as unexpected long-term remission after stopping thrombopoietin receptor agonists. The pathophysiology of this unforeseen cure is currently the subject of discussion and is investigated in clinical trials and laboratory research projects. Here we evaluate the different hypotheses on how thrombopoietin receptor agonists can affect the immune system, particularly the induction of tolerance, and by which mechanisms this may be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Schifferli
- Department of Oncology/Hematology, University Children's Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Thomas Kühne
- Department of Oncology/Hematology, University Children's Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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67
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Pfluecke C, Berndt K, Wydra S, Tarnowski D, Barthel P, Quick S, Ulbrich S, Christoph M, Waessnig N, Speiser U, Wunderlich C, Poitz DM, Strasser RH, Ibrahim K. Atrial fibrillation is associated with high levels of monocyte-platelet-aggregates and increased CD11b expression in patients with aortic stenosis. Thromb Haemost 2016; 115:993-1000. [PMID: 26763077 DOI: 10.1160/th15-06-0477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
A growing body of evidence suggests a pivotal role of inflammatory processes in AF in a bidirectional manner. Infiltrating leukocytes seem to promote both structural and electrical remodelling processes in patients with AF. Monocyte-platelets-aggregates (MPAs) are sensitive markers of both platelets and monocyte activation. So far it is not clear whether the content of MPAs is affected by AF. The present study examined the content of MPAs and the activation of monocytes in elderly patients with an aortic stenosis in dependence of AF. These patients are known to have a high prevalence of AF. Flow-cytometric quantification analysis demonstrated that patients with AF have an increased content of MPAs (207 ± 13 cells/µl vs 307 ± 21 cells/µl, p< 0.001), and enhanced expression of CD11b on monocytes (p< 0.001), compared to patients in stable sinus rhythm (SR). The number of CD14+/CD16+ monocytes were only slightly elevated in patients with AF. These findings were seen in patients with permanent AF. But also patients with paroxysmal AF, even when presenting in SR, the MPAs were increased by 50 % (p< 0.05) as well as the CD11b expression, which was twice as high (p< 0.05) compared to stable SR. These results demonstrate for the first time a dependency of MPAs and CD11b expression on monocytes in the presence of AF and support the notion of a close relationship between AF, thrombogenesis and inflammation. The content of MPAs and the extent of activation on monocytes appear promising as biomarkers for paroxysmal AF and as possible future targets for developing novel pharmacological therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Pfluecke
- Dr. med. Christian Pfluecke, Fetscherstrasse 76, 01307 Dresden, Germany, Tel.: +49 351 4500, Fax: +49 351 450 1702, E-mail:
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