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Jakšová J, Rác M, Bokor B, Petřík I, Novák O, Reichelt M, Mithöfer A, Pavlovič A. Anaesthetic diethyl ether impairs long-distance electrical and jasmonate signaling in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 169:311-321. [PMID: 34826706 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
General volatile anaesthetics (GVA) inhibit electrical signal propagation in animal neurons. Although plants do not have neurons, they generate and propagate electrical signals systemically from a local damaged leaf to neighbouring leaves. This systemic electrical signal propagation is mediated by ligand-gated glutamate receptor-like (GLR) channels. Here, we investigated the effect of GVA diethyl ether on the systemic electrical and further downstream responses in Arabidopsis thaliana. We monitored electrical signals, cytoplasmic Ca2+ level ([Ca2+]cyt), ultra-weak photon emission, amino acid contents, phytohormone response as well as gene expression in response to heat wounding during diethyl ether anaesthesia. We found complete suppression of electrical and [Ca2+]cyt signal propagation from damaged leaf to neighbouring systemic leaves upon diethyl ether treatment. Concomitantly, jasmonates (JAs) did not accumulate and expression of JA-responsive genes (AOS, OPR3, JAZ10) was not detected in systemic leaves. However local damaged leaves still showed increased [Ca2+]cyt and accumulated high level of JAs and JA-inducible transcripts. An exogenously added GLR ligand, L-glutamate, was not able to trigger Ca2+ wave in etherized plants indicating that GLRs are targeted by diethyl ether, but not specifically. The fact that GVA inhibit electrical signal propagation not only in animals but also in plants is intriguing. However, the cellular response is completely blocked only in systemic leaves; the local damaged leaf still senses damaging stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Jakšová
- Department of Biophysics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Rác
- Department of Biophysics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Boris Bokor
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovičova 6, Mlynská dolina B2, SK-842 15, Bratislava, Slovakia; Comenius University Science Park, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovičova 8, SK-841 04, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ivan Petřík
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Novák
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Michael Reichelt
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, D-07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Axel Mithöfer
- Research Group Plant Defense Physiology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, D-07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Andrej Pavlovič
- Department of Biophysics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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Hartmann FP, Tinturier E, Julien JL, Leblanc-Fournier N. Between Stress and Response: Function and Localization of Mechanosensitive Ca 2+ Channels in Herbaceous and Perennial Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11043. [PMID: 34681698 PMCID: PMC8538497 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past three decades, how plants sense and respond to mechanical stress has become a flourishing field of research. The pivotal role of mechanosensing in organogenesis and acclimation was demonstrated in various plants, and links are emerging between gene regulatory networks and physical forces exerted on tissues. However, how plant cells convert physical signals into chemical signals remains unclear. Numerous studies have focused on the role played by mechanosensitive (MS) calcium ion channels MCA, Piezo and OSCA. To complement these data, we combined data mining and visualization approaches to compare the tissue-specific expression of these genes, taking advantage of recent single-cell RNA-sequencing data obtained in the root apex and the stem of Arabidopsis and the Populus stem. These analyses raise questions about the relationships between the localization of MS channels and the localization of stress and responses. Such tissue-specific expression studies could help to elucidate the functions of MS channels. Finally, we stress the need for a better understanding of such mechanisms in trees, which are facing mechanical challenges of much higher magnitudes and over much longer time scales than herbaceous plants, and we mention practical applications of plant responsiveness to mechanical stress in agriculture and forestry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Félix P. Hartmann
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, PIAF, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (E.T.); (J.-L.J.)
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Kang Y, Liu W, Guan C, Guan M, He X. Evolution and functional diversity of lipoxygenase (LOX) genes in allotetraploid rapeseed (Brassica napus L.). Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 188:844-854. [PMID: 34416264 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.08.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Lipoxygenase (LOX, EC 1.13.11.12) is a non-haeme iron-containing dioxygenase family that catalyzes the oxygenation of polyunsaturated fatty acids into bio-functionally fatty acid diverse (oxylipins) and plays vital role in plant growth and development and responses to abiotic and biotic stresses. Though LOX genes have been studied in many plant species, their roles in Brassicaceae species are still unknown. Here, a set of 14, 18, and 33 putative LOX genes were identified in Brassica rapa, Brassica oleracea and Brassica napus (allotetraploid rapeseed), respectively, which could be divided into 9-LOX (LOX1/5), 13-LOX type I (LOX3/4/6), and type II (LOX2) subgroups. There was an expansion of LOX2 orthologous genes in Brassicaceae. Most of the LOX genes are intron rich and conserved in gene structure, and the LOX proteins all have the conserved lipoxygenase and PLAT/LH2 domain. Ka/Ks ratio revealed that the majority of LOXs underwent purifying selection in Brassicaceae. The light-, ABA-, MeJA-related cis-elements and MYB-binding sites in the promoters of BnaLOXs were the most abundant. BnaLOXs displayed different spatiotemporal expression patterns and various abiotic/biotic stress responsive expression patterns. BnaLOX1/5 were slightly or no response to phytohormones and abiotic stresses. BnaLOX3/4/6 predominantly express in roots and were strongly up-regulated by salinity and PEG treatments, and BnaLOX3/4 were the methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and salicylic acid (SA) early response genes and strongly induced by infection of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum; while the BnaLOX2 members predominantly express in stamens, were MeJA and SA continuous response genes and strongly repressed by cold, heat and waterlogging treatments in leaves. Our results are useful for understanding the biological functions of the BnaLOX genes in allotetraploid rapeseed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Kang
- Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops in China, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops in China, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Chunyun Guan
- Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops in China, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China; Oil Crops Research, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China; Hunan Branch of National Oilseed Crops Improvement Center, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Mei Guan
- Oil Crops Research, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China; Hunan Branch of National Oilseed Crops Improvement Center, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Xin He
- Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops in China, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China; Oil Crops Research, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China; Hunan Branch of National Oilseed Crops Improvement Center, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China.
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Biochemical Characterization of 13-Lipoxygenases of Arabidopsis thaliana. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910237. [PMID: 34638573 PMCID: PMC8508710 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
13-lipoxygenases (13-LOX) catalyze the dioxygenation of various polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), of which α-linolenic acid (LeA) is converted to 13-S-hydroperoxyoctadeca-9, 11, 15-trienoic acid (13-HPOT), the precursor for the prostaglandin-like plant hormones cis-(+)-12-oxophytodienoic acid (12-OPDA) and methyl jasmonate (MJ). This study aimed for characterizing the four annotated A. thaliana 13-LOX enzymes (LOX2, LOX3, LOX4, and LOX6) focusing on synthesis of 12-OPDA and 4Z,7Z,10Z)-12-[[-(1S,5S)-4-oxo-5-(2Z)-pent-2-en-1yl] cyclopent-2-en-1yl] dodeca-4,7,10-trienoic acid (OCPD). In addition, we performed interaction studies of 13-LOXs with ions and molecules to advance our understanding of 13-LOX. Cell imaging indicated plastid targeting of fluorescent proteins fused to 13-LOXs-N-terminal extensions, supporting the prediction of 13-LOX localization to plastids. The apparent maximal velocity (Vmax app) values for LOX-catalyzed LeA oxidation were highest for LOX4 (128 nmol·s−1·mg protein−1), with a Km value of 5.8 µM. A. thaliana 13-LOXs, in cascade with 12-OPDA pathway enzymes, synthesized 12-OPDA and OCPD from LeA and docosahexaenoic acid, previously shown only for LOX6. The activities of the four isoforms were differently affected by physiologically relevant chemicals, such as Mg2+, Ca2+, Cu2+ and Cd2+, and by 12-OPDA and MJ. As demonstrated for LOX4, 12-OPDA inhibited enzymatic LeA hydroperoxidation, with half-maximal enzyme inhibition at 48 µM. Biochemical interactions, such as the sensitivity of LOX toward thiol-reactive agents belonging to cyclopentenone prostaglandins, are suggested to occur in human LOX homologs. Furthermore, we conclude that 13-LOXs are isoforms with rather specific functional and regulatory enzymatic features.
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Li M, Yu G, Cao C, Liu P. Metabolism, signaling, and transport of jasmonates. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2021; 2:100231. [PMID: 34746762 PMCID: PMC8555440 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2021.100231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Biosynthesis/metabolism, perception/signaling, and transport are three essential aspects of the actions of phytohormones. Jasmonates (JAs), including jasmonic acid (JA) and related oxylipins, are implicated in the regulation of a range of ecological interactions, as well as developmental programs to integrate these interactions. Jasmonoyl-isoleucine (JA-Ile) is the most bioactive JAs, and perception of JA-Ile by its coreceptor, the Skp1-Cullin1-F-box-type (SCF) protein ubiquitin ligase complex SCFCOI1-JAZ, in the nucleus derepresses the transcriptional repression of target genes. The biosynthesis and metabolism of JAs occur in the plastid, peroxisome, cytosol, endoplasmic reticulum, and vacuole, whereas sensing of JA-Ile levels occurs in the nucleus. It is increasingly apparent that a number of transporters, particularly members of the jasmonates transporter (JAT) family, located at endomembranes as well as the plasma membrane, constitute a network for modulating and coordinating the metabolic flux and signaling of JAs. In this review, we discuss recent advances in the metabolism, signaling, and especially the transport of JAs, focusing on intracellular compartmentation of these processes. The roles of transporter-mediated cell-cell transport in driving long-distance transport and signaling of JAs are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengya Li
- Department of Ecology, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Guanghui Yu
- Department of Ecology, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Congli Cao
- Department of Ecology, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Pei Liu
- Department of Ecology, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
- Corresponding author
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Qiao H, Liu Y, Cheng L, Gu X, Yin P, Li K, Zhou S, Wang G, Zhou C. TaWRKY13-A Serves as a Mediator of Jasmonic Acid-Related Leaf Senescence by Modulating Jasmonic Acid Biosynthesis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:717233. [PMID: 34539711 PMCID: PMC8442999 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.717233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Leaf senescence is crucial for crop yield and quality. Transcriptional regulation is a key step for integrating various senescence-related signals into the nucleus. However, few regulators of senescence implicating transcriptional events have been functionally characterized in wheat. Based on our RNA-seq data, we identified a WRKY transcription factor, TaWRKY13-A, that predominately expresses at senescent stages. By using the virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) method, we manifested impaired transcription of TaWRKY13-A leading to a delayed leaf senescence phenotype in wheat. Moreover, the overexpression (OE) of TaWRKY13-A accelerated the onset of leaf senescence under both natural growth condition and darkness in Brachypodium distachyon and Arabidopsis thaliana. Furthermore, by physiological and molecular investigations, we verified that TaWRKY13-A participates in the regulation of leaf senescence via jasmonic acid (JA) pathway. The expression of JA biosynthetic genes, including AtLOX6, was altered in TaWRKY13-A-overexpressing Arabidopsis. We also demonstrated that TaWRKY13-A can interact with the promoter of AtLOX6 and TaLOX6 by using the electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and luciferase reporter system. Consistently, we detected a higher JA level in TaWRKY13-A-overexpressing lines than that in Col-0. Moreover, our data suggested that TaWRKY13-A is partially functional conserved with AtWRKY53 in age-dependent leaf senescence. Collectively, this study manifests TaWRKY13-A as a positive regulator of JA-related leaf senescence, which could be a new clue for molecular breeding in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hualiang Qiao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, Hebei Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Institute of Genetics and Physiology, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences/Plant Genetic Engineering Center of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yongwei Liu
- Institute of Genetics and Physiology, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences/Plant Genetic Engineering Center of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lingling Cheng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, Hebei Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xuelin Gu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, Hebei Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Pengcheng Yin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, Hebei Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ke Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, Hebei Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Shuo Zhou
- Institute of Genetics and Physiology, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences/Plant Genetic Engineering Center of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Geng Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, Hebei Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Chunjiang Zhou
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, Hebei Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
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Hedrich R, Fukushima K. On the Origin of Carnivory: Molecular Physiology and Evolution of Plants on an Animal Diet. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 72:133-153. [PMID: 33434053 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-080620-010429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Charles Darwin recognized that carnivorous plants thrive in nutrient-poor soil by capturing animals. Although the concept of botanical carnivory has been known for nearly 150 years, its molecular mechanisms and evolutionary origins have not been well understood until recently. In the last decade, technical advances have fueled the genome and transcriptome sequencings of active and passive hunters, leading to a better understanding of the traits associated with the carnivorous syndrome, from trap leaf development and prey digestion to nutrient absorption, exemplified, for example, by the Venus flytrap (Dionaea muscipula), pitcher plant (Cephalotus follicularis), and bladderwort (Utricularia gibba). The repurposing of defense-related genes is an important trend in the evolution of plant carnivory. In this review, using the Venus flytrap as a representative of the carnivorous plants, we summarize the molecular mechanisms underlying their ability to attract, trap, and digest prey and discuss the origins of plant carnivory in relation to their genomic evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer Hedrich
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Würzburg, 97082 Würzburg, Germany; ,
| | - Kenji Fukushima
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Würzburg, 97082 Würzburg, Germany; ,
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58
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Genome-wide identification and expression pattern analysis of lipoxygenase gene family in banana. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9948. [PMID: 33976263 PMCID: PMC8113564 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89211-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The LOX genes have been identified and characterized in many plant species, but studies on the banana LOX genes are very limited. In this study, we respectively identified 18 MaLOX, 11 MbLOX, and 12 MiLOX genes from the Musa acuminata, M. balbisiana and M. itinerans genome data, investigated their gene structures and characterized the physicochemical properties of their encoded proteins. Banana LOXs showed a preference for using and ending with G/C and their encoded proteins can be classified into 9-LOX, Type I 13-LOX and Type II 13-LOX subfamilies. The expansion of the MaLOXs might result from the combined actions of genome-wide, tandem, and segmental duplications. However, tandem and segmental duplications contribute to the expansion of MbLOXs. Transcriptome data based gene expression analysis showed that MaLOX1, 4, and 7 were highly expressed in fruit and their expression levels were significantly regulated by ethylene. And 11, 12 and 7 MaLOXs were found to be low temperature-, high temperature-, and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Cubense tropical race 4 (FocTR4)-responsive, respectively. MaLOX8, 9 and 13 are responsive to all the three stresses, MaLOX4 and MaLOX12 are high temperature- and FocTR4-responsive; MaLOX6 and MaLOX17 are significantly induced by low temperature and FocTR4; and the expression of MaLOX7 and MaLOX16 are only affected by high temperature. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis revealed that the expression levels of several MaLOXs are regulated by MeJA and FocTR4, indicating that they can increase the resistance of banana by regulating the JA pathway. Additionally, the weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) of MaLOXs revealed 3 models respectively for 5 (MaLOX7-11), 3 (MaLOX6, 13, and 17), and 1 (MaLOX12) MaLOX genes. Our findings can provide valuable information for the characterization, evolution, diversity and functionality of MaLOX, MbLOX and MiLOX genes and are helpful for understanding the roles of LOXs in banana growth and development and adaptations to different stresses.
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Chen T, Cohen D, Itkin M, Malitsky S, Fluhr R. Lipoxygenase functions in 1O2 production during root responses to osmotic stress. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 185:1638-1651. [PMID: 33793947 PMCID: PMC8133667 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Drought induces osmotic stress in roots, a condition simulated by the application of high-molecular-weight polyethylene glycol. Osmotic stress results in the reduction of Arabidopsis thaliana root growth and production of 1O2 from an unknown non-photosynthetic source. Reduced root growth can be alleviated by application of the 1O2 scavenger histidine (HIS). Here, we examined the possibility that 1O2 production involves Russell reactions occurring among the enzymatic products of lipoxygenases (LOXs), the fatty acid hydroperoxides. LOX activity was measured for purified soybean (Glycine max) LOX1 and in crude Arabidopsis root extracts using linoleic acid as substrate. Formation of the 13(S)-Hydroperoxy-9(Z),11(E)-octadecadienoic acid product was inhibited by salicylhdroxamic acid, which is a LOX inhibitor, but not by HIS, whereas 1O2 production was inhibited by both. D2O, which specifically extends the half-life of 1O2, augmented the LOX-dependent generation of 1O2, as expected from a Russell-type reaction. The addition of linoleic acid to roots stimulated 1O2 production and inhibited growth, suggesting that the availability of LOX substrate is a rate-limiting step. Indeed, water stress rapidly increased linoleic and linolenic acids by 2.5-fold in roots. Mutants with root-specific microRNA repression of LOXs showed downregulation of LOX protein and activity. The lines with downregulated LOX displayed significantly less 1O2 formation, improved root growth in osmotic stress, and an altered transcriptome response compared with wild type. The results show that LOXs can serve as an enzymatic source of "dark" 1O2 during osmotic stress and demonstrate a role for 1O2 in defining the physiological response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomer Chen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Dekel Cohen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Maxim Itkin
- Department of Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Sergey Malitsky
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Robert Fluhr
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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60
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Li M, Yu G, Ma J, Liu P. Interactions of importers in long-distance transmission of wound-induced jasmonate. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2021; 16:1886490. [PMID: 33576701 PMCID: PMC7971279 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2021.1886490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Mobile wound signals transmitted from local damaged to distal undamaged sites induce upsurge of jasmonic acid (JA) and activation of core JA signaling, priming the whole plant for broad-spectrum resistance/immunity against future challenges. We recently characterized two jasmonate importers AtJAT3 and AtJAT4 in Arabidopsis thaliana jasmonate transporter (JAT) family that cooperatively regulate the transmission of JA from leaf-to-leaf in this wound-induced systemic response/resistance (WSR). As half-molecule ATP-binding cassette transporters, AtJAT3 and AtJAT4 need to form homodimers or/and heterodimer to function. Here we show interactions in AtJAT3-AtJAT3, AtJAT3-AtJAT4, and AtJAT4-AtJAT4 pairs by both yeast two-hybrid and bimolecular fluorescent complementation assays. Furthermore, we propose a model in which the homo-/hetero-dimers of AtJAT3/AtJAT4 mediated cell-cell transport of JA drives long-distance transmission of JA signal in a self-propagation mode and give perspectives on future works to reinforce this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengya Li
- Department of Ecology, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Guanghui Yu
- Department of Ecology, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jing Ma
- Department of Ecology, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Pei Liu
- Department of Ecology, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
- CONTACT Pei Liu Department of Ecology, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing100193, P. R. China
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61
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Oelmüller R. Threat at One End of the Plant: What Travels to Inform the Other Parts? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3152. [PMID: 33808792 PMCID: PMC8003533 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Adaptation and response to environmental changes require dynamic and fast information distribution within the plant body. If one part of a plant is exposed to stress, attacked by other organisms or exposed to any other kind of threat, the information travels to neighboring organs and even neighboring plants and activates appropriate responses. The information flow is mediated by fast-traveling small metabolites, hormones, proteins/peptides, RNAs or volatiles. Electric and hydraulic waves also participate in signal propagation. The signaling molecules move from one cell to the neighboring cell, via the plasmodesmata, through the apoplast, within the vascular tissue or-as volatiles-through the air. A threat-specific response in a systemic tissue probably requires a combination of different traveling compounds. The propagating signals must travel over long distances and multiple barriers, and the signal intensity declines with increasing distance. This requires permanent amplification processes, feedback loops and cross-talks among the different traveling molecules and probably a short-term memory, to refresh the propagation process. Recent studies show that volatiles activate defense responses in systemic tissues but also play important roles in the maintenance of the propagation of traveling signals within the plant. The distal organs can respond immediately to the systemic signals or memorize the threat information and respond faster and stronger when they are exposed again to the same or even another threat. Transmission and storage of information is accompanied by loss of specificity about the threat that activated the process. I summarize our knowledge about the proposed long-distance traveling compounds and discuss their possible connections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Oelmüller
- Department of Plant Physiology, Matthias Schleiden Institute of Genetics, Bioinformatics and Molecular Botany, Friedrich-Schiller-University, 07743 Jena, Germany
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Liu H, Timko MP. Jasmonic Acid Signaling and Molecular Crosstalk with Other Phytohormones. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22062914. [PMID: 33805647 PMCID: PMC8000993 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants continually monitor their innate developmental status and external environment and make adjustments to balance growth, differentiation and stress responses using a complex and highly interconnected regulatory network composed of various signaling molecules and regulatory proteins. Phytohormones are an essential group of signaling molecules that work through a variety of different pathways conferring plasticity to adapt to the everchanging developmental and environmental cues. Of these, jasmonic acid (JA), a lipid-derived molecule, plays an essential function in controlling many different plant developmental and stress responses. In the past decades, significant progress has been made in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that underlie JA metabolism, perception, signal transduction and its crosstalk with other phytohormone signaling pathways. In this review, we discuss the JA signaling pathways starting from its biosynthesis to JA-responsive gene expression, highlighting recent advances made in defining the key transcription factors and transcriptional regulatory proteins involved. We also discuss the nature and degree of crosstalk between JA and other phytohormone signaling pathways, highlighting recent breakthroughs that broaden our knowledge of the molecular bases underlying JA-regulated processes during plant development and biotic stress responses.
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G protein and PLDδ are involved in JA to regulate osmotic stress responses in Arabidopsis thaliana. Biochem Biophys Rep 2021; 26:100952. [PMID: 33659715 PMCID: PMC7890375 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2021.100952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Jasmonic acid (JA) is regarded as an endogenous regulator which plays an important role in regulating plant growth, development and stress response. Using the seedlings of A. thaliana ecotype Col-0 (wild-type, WT), phospholipase Dδ (PLDδ) deficient mutant (pldδ), the G protein α subunit (GPA1) deficient mutant (gpa1-4), 9-Lipoxygenase (9-LOX) deficient mutants (lox1 and lox5) as materials, the effects of JA responding to osmotic stress and the functions of G protein and PLDδ in this response were investigated. The results showed that GPA1 involved in the regulation of JA to PLDδ under osmotic stress. Both GPA1 and PLDδ participated in the regulation of JA on the seed germination and osmotic tolerance. Exogenous MeJA reduced the EL and MDA in WT, but increased the EL and MDA in gpa1-4 and pldδ, indicating that GPA1 and PLDδ were involved in the protection of JA on the membrane. The genes expression levels, and the activities of PLDδ and LOX1 were significantly induced by osmotic stress. The LOX activity and JA content in pldδ seedings were lower obviously than those in WT, but were markedly increased and were higher than WT after applying phosphatidic acid (PA). These results demonstrated that JA responded to osmotic stress by regulating G protein and PLDδ in A. thaliana. PLDδ was located upstream of 9-LOX and involved in the JA biosynthesis. The endogenous JA content, G protein activity, PLD activity and LOX activity were increased under osmotic stress. Both GPA1 and PLDδ participated in the seed germination and drought tolerance regulated by JA. JA regulated G protein and PLDδ to respond to osmotic stress. PLDδ/PA is located upstream of 9-LOX and involved in the JA biosynthesis.
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64
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Wang Z, Li ZF, Wang SS, Xiao YS, Xie XD, Wu MZ, Yu JL, Cheng LR, Yang AG, Yang J. NtMYB12a acts downstream of sucrose to inhibit fatty acid accumulation by targeting lipoxygenase and SFAR genes in tobacco. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:775-791. [PMID: 33225450 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
MYB12 promotes flavonol biosynthesis in plants by targeting several early biosynthesis genes (EBGs) of this pathway. The transcriptions of these EBGs are also induced by sucrose signal. However, whether MYB12 is activated by sucrose signal and what the other roles MYB12 has in regulating plant metabolism are poorly understood. In this study, two NtMYB12 genes were cloned from Nicotiana tabacum. Both NtMYB12a and NtMYB12b are involved in regulating flavonoids biosynthesis in tobacco. NtMYB12a is further shown to inhibit the accumulation of fatty acid (FA) in tobacco leaves and seeds. Post-translational activation and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays demonstrate that NtMYB12a directly promotes the transcriptions of NtLOX6, NtLOX5, NtSFAR4 and NtGDSL2, which encode lipoxygenase (LOX) or SFAR enzymes catalyzing the degradation of FA. NtLOX6 and NtLOX5 are shown to prevent the accumulation of FA in the mature seeds and significantly reduced the percentage of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in tobacco. Sucrose stimulates the transcription of NtMYB12a, and loss function of NtMYB12a partially suppresses the decrease of FA content in tobacco seedlings caused by sucrose treatment. The regulation of sucrose on the expression of NtLOX6 and NtGDSL2 genes is mediated by NtMYB12a, whereas those of NtLOX5 and NtSFAR4 genes are independent of sucrose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Wang
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ze Feng Li
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shan Shan Wang
- Xiangyang Cigarette Factory, China Tobacco Hubei Industrial Co., Ltd., Xiangyang, China
| | - Yan Song Xiao
- Chenzhou Tobacco Company of Hunan Province, Chenzhou, China
| | - Xiao Dong Xie
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ming Zhu Wu
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jin Long Yu
- Chenzhou Tobacco Company of Hunan Province, Chenzhou, China
| | - Li Rui Cheng
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Ai Guo Yang
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Jun Yang
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, China
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Upadhyay RK, Edelman M, Mattoo AK. Identification, Phylogeny, and Comparative Expression of the Lipoxygenase Gene Family of the Aquatic Duckweed, Spirodela polyrhiza, during Growth and in Response to Methyl Jasmonate and Salt. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E9527. [PMID: 33333747 PMCID: PMC7765210 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipoxygenases (LOXs) (EC 1.13.11.12) catalyze the oxygenation of fatty acids and produce oxylipins, including the plant hormone jasmonic acid (JA) and its methyl ester, methyl jasmonate (MeJA). Little information is available about the LOX gene family in aquatic plants. We identified a novel LOX gene family comprising nine LOX genes in the aquatic plant Spirodela polyrhiza (greater duckweed). The reduced anatomy of S. polyrhiza did not lead to a reduction in LOX family genes. The 13-LOX subfamily, with seven genes, predominates, while the 9-LOX subfamily is reduced to two genes, an opposite trend from known LOX families of other plant species. As the 13-LOX subfamily is associated with the synthesis of JA/MeJA, its predominance in the Spirodela genome raises the possibility of a higher requirement for the hormone in the aquatic plant. JA-/MeJA-based feedback regulation during culture aging as well as the induction of LOX gene family members within 6 h of salt exposure are demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh K. Upadhyay
- Sustainable Agricultural Systems Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Henry A. Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA
| | - Marvin Edelman
- Department of Plant & Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel;
| | - Autar K. Mattoo
- Sustainable Agricultural Systems Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Henry A. Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA
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66
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Vega-Muñoz I, Duran-Flores D, Fernández-Fernández ÁD, Heyman J, Ritter A, Stael S. Breaking Bad News: Dynamic Molecular Mechanisms of Wound Response in Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:610445. [PMID: 33363562 PMCID: PMC7752953 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.610445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Recognition and repair of damaged tissue are an integral part of life. The failure of cells and tissues to appropriately respond to damage can lead to severe dysfunction and disease. Therefore, it is essential that we understand the molecular pathways of wound recognition and response. In this review, we aim to provide a broad overview of the molecular mechanisms underlying the fate of damaged cells and damage recognition in plants. Damaged cells release the so-called damage associated molecular patterns to warn the surrounding tissue. Local signaling through calcium (Ca2+), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and hormones, such as jasmonic acid, activates defense gene expression and local reinforcement of cell walls to seal off the wound and prevent evaporation and pathogen colonization. Depending on the severity of damage, Ca2+, ROS, and electrical signals can also spread throughout the plant to elicit a systemic defense response. Special emphasis is placed on the spatiotemporal dimension in order to obtain a mechanistic understanding of wound signaling in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Vega-Muñoz
- Laboratorio de Ecología de Plantas, CINVESTAV-Irapuato, Departamento de Ingeniería Genética, Irapuato, Mexico
| | - Dalia Duran-Flores
- Laboratorio de Ecología de Plantas, CINVESTAV-Irapuato, Departamento de Ingeniería Genética, Irapuato, Mexico
| | - Álvaro Daniel Fernández-Fernández
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jefri Heyman
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Andrés Ritter
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Simon Stael
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, Ghent, Belgium
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67
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Wang J, Li D, Chen N, Chen J, Mu C, Yin K, He Y, Liu H. Plant grafting relieves asymmetry of jasmonic acid response induced by wounding between scion and rootstock in tomato hypocotyl. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0241317. [PMID: 33232332 PMCID: PMC7685457 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant grafting is a sequential wound healing process. However, whether wounding induces a different jasmonic acid (JA) response within half a day (12 h) after grafting or non-grafting remains unclear. Using the tomato hypocotyl grafting method, we show that grafting alleviates the asymmetrical accumulation of JA and jasmonic acid isoleucine conjugate (JA-Ile) in scion and rootstock caused by wounding, and from 2 h after tomato micrografting, grafting obviously restored the level of JA-Ile in the scion and rootstock. Meanwhile, five JA-related genes, SlLOX11, SlAOS, SlCOI1, SlLAPA and SlJA2L, are detected and show significant changes in transcriptional expression patterns within 12 h of grafting, from asymmetrical to symmetrical, when the expression of 30 JA- and defense-related genes were analyzed. The results indicated that grafting alleviates the asymmetrical JA and defense response between scion and rootstock of the tomato hypocotyl within 12 h as induced by wounding. Moreover, we demonstrate that in the very early hours after grafting, JA-related genes may be involved in a molecular mechanism that changes asymmetrical expression as induced by wounding between scion and rootstock, thereby promoting wound healing and grafting success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Wang
- Plant and Microbe Interaction Lab, Hei Longjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Hei Longjiang, P. R. China
- College of Life Science, Shaoxing University, Zhejiang, P. R. China
- South Subtropical Crop Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, P. R. China
- National Field Genebank for Tropical Fruit, Institute of South Subtropical Crop Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science, Zhanjiang, China
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Dongliang Li
- South Subtropical Crop Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, P. R. China
- National Field Genebank for Tropical Fruit, Institute of South Subtropical Crop Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Ni Chen
- College of Life Science, Shaoxing University, Zhejiang, P. R. China
- South Subtropical Crop Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, P. R. China
- National Field Genebank for Tropical Fruit, Institute of South Subtropical Crop Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Jingjing Chen
- South Subtropical Crop Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, P. R. China
- National Field Genebank for Tropical Fruit, Institute of South Subtropical Crop Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Changjun Mu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Kuide Yin
- Plant and Microbe Interaction Lab, Hei Longjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Hei Longjiang, P. R. China
- * E-mail: (KY); (YH); (HL)
| | - Yuke He
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P. R. China
- * E-mail: (KY); (YH); (HL)
| | - Heng Liu
- Plant and Microbe Interaction Lab, Hei Longjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Hei Longjiang, P. R. China
- College of Life Science, Shaoxing University, Zhejiang, P. R. China
- South Subtropical Crop Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, P. R. China
- National Field Genebank for Tropical Fruit, Institute of South Subtropical Crop Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science, Zhanjiang, China
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P. R. China
- * E-mail: (KY); (YH); (HL)
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68
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McCabe CE, Graham MA. New tools for characterizing early brown stem rot disease resistance signaling in soybean. THE PLANT GENOME 2020; 13:e20037. [PMID: 33217212 DOI: 10.1002/tpg2.20037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Brown stem rot (BSR) reduces soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] yield by up to 38%. The BSR causal agent is Phialophora gregata f. sp. sojae, a slow-growing, necrotrophic fungus whose life cycle includes latent and pathogenic phases, each lasting several weeks. Brown stem rot foliar symptoms are often misdiagnosed as other soybean diseases or nutrient stress, making BSR resistance especially difficult to phenotype. To shed light on the genes and networks contributing to P. gregata resistance, we conducted RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) of a resistant genotype (PI 437970, Rbs3). Leaf, stem, and root tissues were collected 12, 24, and 36 h after stab inoculation with P. gregata, or mock infection, in the plant stem. By using multiple tissues and time points, we could see that leaves, stems, and roots use the same defense pathways. Our analyses suggest that P. gregata induces a biphasic defense response, with pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) triggered immunity observed in leaves at 12 and 24 h after infection (HAI) and effector triggered immunity detected at 36 h after infection in the stems. Gene networks associated with defense, photosynthesis, nutrient homeostasis, DNA replication, and growth are the hallmarks of resistance to P. gregata. While P. gregata is a slow-growing pathogen, our results demonstrate that pathogen recognition occurs hours after infection. By exploiting the genes and networks described here, we will be able to develop novel diagnostic tools to facilitate breeding and screening for BSR resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantal E McCabe
- USDA-ARS Corn Insects and Crop Genetics Research Unit, Ames, IA, 50011-1010, USA
| | - Michelle A Graham
- USDA-ARS Corn Insects and Crop Genetics Research Unit, Ames, IA, 50011-1010, USA
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011-1010, USA
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69
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Qiu X, Xu Y, Xiong B, Dai L, Huang S, Dong T, Sun G, Liao L, Deng Q, Wang X, Zhu J, Wang Z. Effects of exogenous methyl jasmonate on the synthesis of endogenous jasmonates and the regulation of photosynthesis in citrus. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2020; 170:398-414. [PMID: 32691420 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Methyl jasmonate (MeJA) is an airborne signaling phytohormone that can induce changes in endogenous jasmonates (JAs) and cause photosynthetic responses. However, the response of these two aspects of citrus plants at different MeJA concentrations is still unclear. Four MeJA concentrations were used in two citrus varieties, Huangguogan (C. reticulata × C. sinensis) and Shiranuhi [C. reticulata × (C. reticulata × C. sinensis)], to investigate the effects of MeJA dose on the endogenous JAs pathway and photosynthetic capacity. We observed that MeJA acted in a dose-dependent manner, and its stimulation in citrus leaves showed a bidirectional character at different concentrations. This work demonstrates that MeJA at only a concentration of 2.2 mM or less contributed to the activation of magnesium protoporphyrin IX methyltransferase (ChlM, EC 2.1.1.11) and protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase (POR, EC 1.3.1.11) and the simultaneous accumulation of Chl a and Chl b, which in turn contributed to an improved photosynthetic capacity and PSII photochemistry efficiency of citrus. Meanwhile, the inhibition of endogenous JAs synthesis by exogenous MeJA was observed. This was achieved by reducing the ratio of monogalactosyl diacylglycerol (MGDG) to diagalactosyl diacylglycerol (DGDG) and inhibiting the activities of key enzymes in JAs synthesis, especially 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid reductase (OPR, EC 1.3.1.42). Another noteworthy finding is that there may exist a JA-independent pathway that could regulate 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid (OPDA) synthesis. This study jointly analyzed the internal hormone regulation mechanism and the external physiological response, as well as revealed the effects of exogenous MeJA on promoting the photosynthesis and inhibiting the endogenous JAs synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Qiu
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yinghuan Xu
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Neusoft Institute Guangdong, Guangdong, 528225, China
| | - Bo Xiong
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Lin Dai
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Shengjia Huang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Tiantian Dong
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Guochao Sun
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Ling Liao
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Qunxian Deng
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xun Wang
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Jin Zhu
- Sichuan Horticultural Crop Extension Station, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Zhihui Wang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
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70
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Spatial and Temporal Dynamics of Electrical and Photosynthetic Activity and the Content of Phytohormones Induced by Local Stimulation of Pea Plants. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9101364. [PMID: 33076246 PMCID: PMC7602463 DOI: 10.3390/plants9101364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
A local leaf burning causes variation potential (VP) propagation, a decrease in photosynthesis activity, and changes in the content of phytohormones in unstimulated leaves in pea plants. The VP-induced photosynthesis response develops in two phases: fast inactivation and long-term inactivation. Along with a decrease in photosynthetic activity, there is a transpiration suppression in unstimulated pea leaves, which corresponds to the long-term phase of photosynthesis response. Phytohormone level analysis showed an increase in the concentration of jasmonic acid (JA) preceding a transpiration suppression and a long-term phase of the photosynthesis response. Analysis of the spatial and temporal dynamics of electrical signals, phytohormone levels, photosynthesis, and transpiration activity showed the most pronounced changes in the more distant leaf from the area of local stimulation. The established features are related to the architecture of the vascular bundles in the pea stem.
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71
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Li M, Wang F, Li S, Yu G, Wang L, Li Q, Zhu X, Li Z, Yuan L, Liu P. Importers Drive Leaf-to-Leaf Jasmonic Acid Transmission in Wound-Induced Systemic Immunity. MOLECULAR PLANT 2020; 13:1485-1498. [PMID: 32889174 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2020.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The transmission of mobile wound signals along the phloem pathway is essential to the activation of wound-induced systemic response/resistance, which requires an upsurge of jasmonic acid (JA) in the distal undamaged leaves. Among these mobile signals, the electrical signal mediated by the glutamate-dependent activation of several clade three GLUTAMATE RECEPTOR-LIKE (GLR3) proteins is involved in the stimulation of JA production in distal leaves. However, whether JA acts as a mobile wound signal and, if so, how it is transmitted and interacts with the electrical signal remain unclear. Here, we show that JA was translocated from the local to distal leaves in Arabidopsis, and this process was predominantly regulated by two phloem-expressed and plasma membrane-localized jasmonate transporters, AtJAT3 and AtJAT4. In addition to the cooperation between AtJAT3/4 and GLR3.3 in the regulation of long-distance JA translocation, our findings indicate that importer-mediated cell-cell JA transport is important for driving the loading and translocation of JA in the phloem pathway in a self-propagating manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengya Li
- Department of Ecology, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Feifei Wang
- Department of Ecology, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Shuangzhang Li
- Department of Ecology, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Guanghui Yu
- Department of Ecology, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Lijian Wang
- Department of Ecology, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Qingqing Li
- Department of Ecology, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Xiangyu Zhu
- Department of Ecology, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Lixing Yuan
- Department of Plant Nutrition, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Pei Liu
- Department of Ecology, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China.
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72
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Farmer EE, Gao YQ, Lenzoni G, Wolfender JL, Wu Q. Wound- and mechanostimulated electrical signals control hormone responses. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 227:1037-1050. [PMID: 32392391 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Plants in nature are constantly exposed to organisms that touch them and wound them. A highly conserved response to these stimuli is a rapid collapse of membrane potential (i.e. a decrease of electrical field strength across membranes). This can be coupled to the production and/or action of jasmonate or ethylene. Here, the various types of electrical signals in plants are discussed in the context of hormone responses. Genetic approaches are revealing genes involved in wound-induced electrical signalling. These include clade 3 GLUTAMATE RECEPTOR-LIKE (GLR) genes, Arabidopsis H+ -ATPases (AHAs), RESPIRATORY BURST OXIDASE HOMOLOGUEs (RBOHs), and genes that determine cell wall properties. We briefly review touch- and wound-induced increases in cytosolic Ca2+ concentrations and their temporal relationship to electrical activities. We then look at the questions that need addressing to link mechanostimulation and wound-induced electrical activity to hormone responses. Utilizing recently published results, we also present a hypothesis for wound-response leaf-to-leaf electrical signalling. This model is based on rapid electro-osmotic coupling between the phloem and xylem. The model suggests that the depolarization of membranes within the vascular matrix triggered by physical stimuli and/or chemical elicitors is linked to changes in phloem turgor and that this plays vital roles in leaf-to-leaf electrical signal propagation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward E Farmer
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, Biophore, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Yong-Qiang Gao
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, Biophore, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Gioia Lenzoni
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, Biophore, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, Geneva 4, CH-1211, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Luc Wolfender
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, Geneva 4, CH-1211, Switzerland
| | - Qian Wu
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, Biophore, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
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73
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He Y, Borrego EJ, Gorman Z, Huang PC, Kolomiets MV. Relative contribution of LOX10, green leaf volatiles and JA to wound-induced local and systemic oxylipin and hormone signature in Zea mays (maize). PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2020; 174:112334. [PMID: 32172019 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2020.112334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Green leaf volatiles (GLVs) and jasmonates (JAs) are the best-characterized groups of fatty acid-derived oxylipin signals that regulate wound-associated defenses. Beyond these two major groups of defense signals, plants produce an array of oxylipins in response to wounding, which possess potent signaling and/or insecticidal activities. In this study, we assessed the relative contribution of JAs and GLVs to wound-induced systemic signaling and the associated regulation of oxylipins in local and systemic tissues of maize (Zea mays). For this, we utilized GLV- and JA-deficient mutants, lox10 single and opr7opr8 double mutants, respectively, and profiled oxylipins in untreated leaves and roots, and in locally wounded and systemic leaves. In contrast to the studies in dicots, no systemic induction of JAs was observed in maize. Instead, a JA precursor, 12-OPDA, as well as ketols and C12/13 oxo-acids derived from 13-lipoxygenases (LOXs), were preferentially induced in both locally wounded and systemic unwounded leaves. Several 9-LOX-derived oxylipins (9-oxylipins) including hydroxides and ketones were also significantly induced locally. JA and JA-isoleucine (JA-Ile) were rapidly induced within 0.5 h, and were followed by a second increase in local tissue 4 h after wounding. GLV-deficient lox10 mutants displayed reduced levels of most 13-oxylipins, and elevated levels of several 9-oxylipins and the a-dioxygenase (DOX) product, 2-HOD. lox10 mutants were completely devoid of C6 volatiles and their C12 counterparts, and greatly decreased in C5 volatiles and their C13 oxo-acid counterparts. Thus, in addition to being the sole LOX isoform providing substrate for GLV synthesis, LOX10 is a major 13-LOX that provides substrate to several LOX branches that produce an array of 13-oxylipin products, including C5 volatiles. Interestingly, the rapid JA and JA-Ile increase at 0.5-2 h post-wounding was only moderately affected by the LOX10 mutation, while significantly reduced levels were observed at 4 h post-wounding. Combined with the previous findings that GLVs activate JA biosynthesis, these results suggest that both LOX10-derived substrates and/or GLVs are involved in the large second phase of JA synthesis proximal to the wound. Analyses of opr7opr8 mutants revealed that wound-induced oxylipin responses were positively regulated by JA signaling. The local and systemic accumulation of SA was not altered in the two mutants. Collectively, our results identified a subset of oxylipins strongly induced in wounded and systemic leaves, but their impact on insect defenses remain elusive. The lack of systemic induction of JAs points to substantial difference between systemic wound responses in studied dicots and maize. Our results show that GLV-deficiency and reduced JA in lox10 mutants had a greater impact on wound-induced local and systemic tissue oxylipin responses compared to the solely JA-deficient opr7opr8 double mutants. This suggests that GLVs or other LOX10-derived products heavily contribute to overall basal and wound-induced oxylipin responses. The specific roles of the GLV- and/or JA-dependent oxylipins in wound responses and defense remain to be further investigated by a combination of multiple orders of oxylipin-deficient mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongming He
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China; Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Eli J Borrego
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA; Thomas H. Gosnell School of Life Sciences, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, 14623, USA
| | - Zachary Gorman
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Pei-Cheng Huang
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Michael V Kolomiets
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
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74
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Dallery JF, Zimmer M, Halder V, Suliman M, Pigné S, Le Goff G, Gianniou DD, Trougakos IP, Ouazzani J, Gasperini D, O’Connell RJ. Inhibition of jasmonate-mediated plant defences by the fungal metabolite higginsianin B. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:2910-2921. [PMID: 32006004 PMCID: PMC7260715 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Infection of Arabidopsis thaliana by the ascomycete fungus Colletotrichum higginsianum is characterized by an early symptomless biotrophic phase followed by a destructive necrotrophic phase. The fungal genome contains 77 secondary metabolism-related biosynthetic gene clusters, whose expression during the infection process is tightly regulated. Deleting CclA, a chromatin regulator involved in the repression of some biosynthetic gene clusters through H3K4 trimethylation, allowed overproduction of three families of terpenoids and isolation of 12 different molecules. These natural products were tested in combination with methyl jasmonate, an elicitor of jasmonate responses, for their capacity to alter defence gene induction in Arabidopsis. Higginsianin B inhibited methyl jasmonate-triggered expression of the defence reporter VSP1p:GUS, suggesting it may block bioactive jasmonoyl isoleucine (JA-Ile) synthesis or signalling in planta. Using the JA-Ile sensor Jas9-VENUS, we found that higginsianin B, but not three other structurally related molecules, suppressed JA-Ile signalling by preventing the degradation of JAZ proteins, the repressors of jasmonate responses. Higginsianin B likely blocks the 26S proteasome-dependent degradation of JAZ proteins because it inhibited chymotrypsin- and caspase-like protease activities. The inhibition of target degradation by higginsianin B also extended to auxin signalling, as higginsianin B treatment reduced auxin-dependent expression of DR5p:GUS. Overall, our data indicate that specific fungal secondary metabolites can act similarly to protein effectors to subvert plant immune and developmental responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Félix Dallery
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR BIOGER, Thiverval-Grignon, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles ICSN, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Marlene Zimmer
- Department of Molecular Signal Processing, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Vivek Halder
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany
- Current address: Rijk Zwaan, De Lier, 2678 ZG, Netherlands
| | - Mohamed Suliman
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany
- Current address: Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sandrine Pigné
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR BIOGER, Thiverval-Grignon, France
| | - Géraldine Le Goff
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles ICSN, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Despoina D Gianniou
- Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis P Trougakos
- Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Jamal Ouazzani
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles ICSN, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Debora Gasperini
- Department of Molecular Signal Processing, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle (Saale), Germany
- Correspondence: or
| | - Richard J O’Connell
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR BIOGER, Thiverval-Grignon, France
- Correspondence: or
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75
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Lew TTS, Koman VB, Silmore KS, Seo JS, Gordiichuk P, Kwak SY, Park M, Ang MCY, Khong DT, Lee MA, Chan-Park MB, Chua NH, Strano MS. Real-time detection of wound-induced H 2O 2 signalling waves in plants with optical nanosensors. NATURE PLANTS 2020; 6:404-415. [PMID: 32296141 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-020-0632-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Decoding wound signalling in plants is critical for understanding various aspects of plant sciences, from pest resistance to secondary metabolite and phytohormone biosynthesis. The plant defence responses are known to primarily involve NADPH-oxidase-mediated H2O2 and Ca2+ signalling pathways, which propagate across long distances through the plant vasculature and tissues. Using non-destructive optical nanosensors, we find that the H2O2 concentration profile post-wounding follows a logistic waveform for six plant species: lettuce (Lactuca sativa), arugula (Eruca sativa), spinach (Spinacia oleracea), strawberry blite (Blitum capitatum), sorrel (Rumex acetosa) and Arabidopsis thaliana, ranked in order of wave speed from 0.44 to 3.10 cm min-1. The H2O2 wave tracks the concomitant surface potential wave measured electrochemically. We show that the plant RbohD glutamate-receptor-like channels (GLR3.3 and GLR3.6) are all critical to the propagation of the wound-induced H2O2 wave. Our findings highlight the utility of a new type of nanosensor probe that is species-independent and capable of real-time, spatial and temporal biochemical measurements in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tedrick Thomas Salim Lew
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Disruptive & Sustainable Technologies for Agricultural Precision IRG, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, 1 CREATE Way, #03-06/07/08 Research Wing, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Volodymyr B Koman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kevin S Silmore
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jun Sung Seo
- Disruptive & Sustainable Technologies for Agricultural Precision IRG, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, 1 CREATE Way, #03-06/07/08 Research Wing, Singapore, Singapore
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory Limited, 1 Research Link National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Pavlo Gordiichuk
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Seon-Yeong Kwak
- Department of Biosystems and Biomaterials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Minkyung Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Disruptive & Sustainable Technologies for Agricultural Precision IRG, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, 1 CREATE Way, #03-06/07/08 Research Wing, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mervin Chun-Yi Ang
- Disruptive & Sustainable Technologies for Agricultural Precision IRG, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, 1 CREATE Way, #03-06/07/08 Research Wing, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Duc Thinh Khong
- Disruptive & Sustainable Technologies for Agricultural Precision IRG, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, 1 CREATE Way, #03-06/07/08 Research Wing, Singapore, Singapore
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Michael A Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Mary B Chan-Park
- Disruptive & Sustainable Technologies for Agricultural Precision IRG, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, 1 CREATE Way, #03-06/07/08 Research Wing, Singapore, Singapore
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nam-Hai Chua
- Disruptive & Sustainable Technologies for Agricultural Precision IRG, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, 1 CREATE Way, #03-06/07/08 Research Wing, Singapore, Singapore
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory Limited, 1 Research Link National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Michael S Strano
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Disruptive & Sustainable Technologies for Agricultural Precision IRG, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, 1 CREATE Way, #03-06/07/08 Research Wing, Singapore, Singapore.
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76
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Acosta IF, Przybyl M. Jasmonate Signaling during Arabidopsis Stamen Maturation. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 60:2648-2659. [PMID: 31651948 PMCID: PMC6896695 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcz201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The last stages of stamen development, collectively called stamen maturation, encompass pollen viability, filament elongation and anther dehiscence or opening. These processes are essential for male fertility in Arabidopsis and require the function of jasmonate signaling. There is a good understanding of jasmonate synthesis, perception and transcriptional outputs in Arabidopsis stamens. In addition, the spatiotemporal localization of jasmonate signaling components at the tissue and cellular levels has started to emerge in recent years. However, the ultimate cellular functions activated by jasmonate to promote stamen maturation remain unknown. The hormones auxin and gibberellin have been proposed to control the activation of jasmonate synthesis to promote stamen maturation, although we hypothesize that this action is rather indirect. In this review, we examine these different areas, attempt to clarify some confusing aspects found in the literature and raise testable hypothesis that may help to further understand how jasmonate controls male fertility in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan F Acosta
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linn�-Weg 10, 50829 Cologne, Germany
| | - Marine Przybyl
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linn�-Weg 10, 50829 Cologne, Germany
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77
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Schulze A, Zimmer M, Mielke S, Stellmach H, Melnyk CW, Hause B, Gasperini D. Wound-Induced Shoot-to-Root Relocation of JA-Ile Precursors Coordinates Arabidopsis Growth. MOLECULAR PLANT 2019; 12:1383-1394. [PMID: 31181337 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2019.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Multicellular organisms rely on the movement of signaling molecules across cells, tissues, and organs to communicate among distal sites. In plants, localized leaf damage activates jasmonic acid (JA)-dependent transcriptional reprogramming in both harmed and unharmed tissues. Although it has been indicated that JA species can translocate from damaged into distal sites, the identity of the mobile compound(s), the tissues through which they translocate, and the effect of their relocation remain unknown. Here, we found that following shoot wounding, the relocation of endogenous jasmonates through the phloem is essential to initiate JA signaling and stunt growth in unharmed roots of Arabidopsis thaliana. By employing grafting experiments and hormone profiling, we uncovered that the hormone precursor cis-12-oxo-phytodienoic acid (OPDA) and its derivatives, but not the bioactive JA-Ile conjugate, translocate from wounded shoots into undamaged roots. Upon root relocation, the mobile precursors cooperatively regulated JA responses through their conversion into JA-Ile and JA signaling activation. Collectively, our findings demonstrate the existence of long-distance translocation of endogenous OPDA and its derivatives, which serve as mobile molecules to coordinate shoot-to-root responses, and highlight the importance of a controlled redistribution of hormone precursors among organs during plant stress acclimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adina Schulze
- Department of Molecular Signal Processing, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Marlene Zimmer
- Department of Molecular Signal Processing, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Stefan Mielke
- Department of Molecular Signal Processing, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Hagen Stellmach
- Department of Cell and Metabolic Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Charles W Melnyk
- Department of Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 75651 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Bettina Hause
- Department of Cell and Metabolic Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Debora Gasperini
- Department of Molecular Signal Processing, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
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78
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Coppola M, Di Lelio I, Romanelli A, Gualtieri L, Molisso D, Ruocco M, Avitabile C, Natale R, Cascone P, Guerrieri E, Pennacchio F, Rao R. Tomato Plants Treated with Systemin Peptide Show Enhanced Levels of Direct and Indirect Defense Associated with Increased Expression of Defense-Related Genes. PLANTS 2019; 8:plants8100395. [PMID: 31623335 PMCID: PMC6843623 DOI: 10.3390/plants8100395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Plant defense peptides represent an important class of compounds active against pathogens and insects. These molecules controlling immune barriers can potentially be used as novel tools for plant protection, which mimic natural defense mechanisms against invaders. The constitutive expression in tomato plants of the precursor of the defense peptide systemin was previously demonstrated to increase tolerance against moth larvae and aphids and to hamper the colonization by phytopathogenic fungi, through the expression of a wealth of defense-related genes. In this work we studied the impact of the exogenous supply of systemin to tomato plants on pests to evaluate the use of the peptide as a tool for crop protection in non-transgenic approaches. By combining gene expression studies and bioassays with different pests we demonstrate that the exogenous supply of systemin to tomato plants enhances both direct and indirect defense barriers. Experimental plants, exposed to this peptide by foliar spotting or root uptake through hydroponic culture, impaired larval growth and development of the noctuid moth Spodoptera littoralis, even across generations, reduced the leaf colonization by the fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea and were more attractive towards natural herbivore antagonists. The induction of these defense responses was found to be associated with molecular and biochemical changes under control of the systemin signalling cascade. Our results indicate that the direct delivery of systemin, likely characterized by a null effect on non-target organisms, represents an interesting tool for the sustainable protection of tomato plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariangela Coppola
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy; (M.C.); (I.D.L.); (D.M.)
| | - Ilaria Di Lelio
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy; (M.C.); (I.D.L.); (D.M.)
| | - Alessandra Romanelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Venezian 21, 20133 Milano, Italy;
| | | | - Donata Molisso
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy; (M.C.); (I.D.L.); (D.M.)
| | - Michelina Ruocco
- CNR-IPSP, Via Università 133, 80055 Portici, Italy; (L.G.); (M.R.)
| | | | - Roberto Natale
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy; (M.C.); (I.D.L.); (D.M.)
| | - Pasquale Cascone
- CNR-IPSP, Via Università 133, 80055 Portici, Italy; (L.G.); (M.R.)
| | - Emilio Guerrieri
- CNR-IPSP, Via Università 133, 80055 Portici, Italy; (L.G.); (M.R.)
| | - Francesco Pennacchio
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy; (M.C.); (I.D.L.); (D.M.)
| | - Rosa Rao
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy; (M.C.); (I.D.L.); (D.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-081-2539204
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79
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Upadhyay RK, Handa AK, Mattoo AK. Transcript Abundance Patterns of 9- and 13-Lipoxygenase Subfamily Gene Members in Response to Abiotic Stresses (Heat, Cold, Drought or Salt) in Tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum L .) Highlights Member-Specific Dynamics Relevant to Each Stress. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10090683. [PMID: 31492025 PMCID: PMC6771027 DOI: 10.3390/genes10090683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipoxygenases (LOXs; EC 1.13.11.12) catalyze the oxygenation of fatty acids to produce oxylipins including the jasmonate family of plant hormones. The involvement of jasmonates in plant growth and development and during abiotic stress has been documented, however, the response and regulation of each member of the LOX gene family under various abiotic stresses is yet to be fully deciphered. Previously, we identified fourteen members of the tomato LOX gene family, which were divisible into nine genes representing the 9-LOX family members and five others representing the 13-LOX family members based on the carbon oxidation position specificity of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Here, we have determined the transcript abundance patterns of all the 14 LOX genes in response to four independent abiotic stresses, namely, heat, cold, drought and salt. Our results show that each of these stresses leads to a time-dependent, variable or indifferent response of specific and different set(s) of LOX gene members of both subfamilies, differentiating functional relevance of the 14 LOX genes analyzed. Out of the 14 gene members, three LOX genes were expressed constitutively or were non-responsive to either heat (SlLOX9), cold (SlLOX9) or salt (SlLOX4) stress. An in-silico LOX gene promoter search for stress-responsive elements revealed that only some but not all of the LOX genes indeed are decorated with specific and known stress responsive cis-acting elements. Thus, these data implicate some other, yet to be discovered, cis-acting elements present in the LOX gene family members, which seemingly regulate tomato responses to defined abiotic stresses presented here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh K Upadhyay
- Sustainable Agricultural Systems Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Henry A. Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA.
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, W. Lafayette, IN 47907-2010, USA.
| | - Avtar K Handa
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, W. Lafayette, IN 47907-2010, USA.
| | - Autar K Mattoo
- Sustainable Agricultural Systems Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Henry A. Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA.
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80
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Tian S, Guo R, Zou X, Zhang X, Yu X, Zhan Y, Ci D, Wang M, Wang Y, Si T. Priming With the Green Leaf Volatile (Z)-3-Hexeny-1-yl Acetate Enhances Salinity Stress Tolerance in Peanut ( Arachis hypogaea L.) Seedlings. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:785. [PMID: 31333683 PMCID: PMC6621544 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Green leaf volatiles play vital roles in plant biotic stress; however, their functions in plant responses to abiotic stress have not been determined. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible role of (Z)-3-hexeny-1-yl acetate (Z-3-HAC), a kind of green leaf volatile, in alleviating the salinity stress of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) seedlings and the underlying physiological mechanisms governing this effect. One salt-sensitive and one salt-tolerant peanut genotype were primed with 200 μM Z-3-HAC at the 4-week-old stage before they were exposed to salinity stress. Physiological measurements showed that the primed seedlings possessed higher relative water content, net photosynthetic rate, maximal photochemical efficiency of photosystem II, activities of the antioxidant enzymes, and osmolyte accumulation under salinity conditions. Furthermore, the reactive oxygen species, electrolyte leakage, and malondialdehyde content in the third fully expanded leaves were significantly lower than in nonprimed plants. Additionally, we found that application of Z-3-HAC increased the total length, surface area, and volume of the peanut roots under salinity stress. These results indicated that the green leaf volatile Z-3-HAC protects peanut seedlings against damage from salinity stress through priming for modifications of photosynthetic apparatus, antioxidant systems, osmoregulation, and root morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shufei Tian
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Dryland Farming Technology, College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Runze Guo
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Dryland Farming Technology, College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaoxia Zou
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Dryland Farming Technology, College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaojun Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Dryland Farming Technology, College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaona Yu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Dryland Farming Technology, College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuan Zhan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Dryland Farming Technology, College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Dunwei Ci
- Shandong Peanut Research Institute, Qingdao, China
| | - Minglun Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Dryland Farming Technology, College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuefu Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Dryland Farming Technology, College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Tong Si
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Dryland Farming Technology, College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
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81
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Gan J, Cao Y, Jiang L, Wu R. Mapping Covariation Quantitative Trait Loci That Control Organ Growth and Whole-Plant Biomass. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:719. [PMID: 31214231 PMCID: PMC6558071 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Covariation between organ growth and biomass accumulation plays an important role in plants. Plant to capture optimal fitness in nature, which depend coordinate and interact for distinct organs such as leaves, stems, and roots. Although many studies have focused on plant growth or biomass allocation, detailed information on the genetic mechanism of coordinated variation is lacking. Here, we expand a new mapping model based on functional mapping to detect covariation quantitative trait loci (QTLs) that govern development of plant organs and whole biomass, which, via a series of hypothesis tests, allows quantification of how QTLs regulate covariation between organ growth and biomass accumulation. The model was implemented to analyze leaf number data and the whole dry weight of recombinant inbred lines (RILs) of Arabidopsis. Two key QTLs related to growth and biomass allocation that reside within biologically meaningful genes, CRA1 and HIPP25, are characterized. These two genes may control covariation between two traits. The new model will enable the elucidation of the genetic architecture underlying growth and biomass accumulation, which may enhance our understanding of fitness development in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Gan
- Center for Computational Biology, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Yige Cao
- Center for Computational Biology, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Libo Jiang
- Center for Computational Biology, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Rongling Wu
- Center for Computational Biology, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Center for Statistical Genetics, Departments of Public Health Sciences and Statistics, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, United States
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Abstract
Diverse molecular processes regulate the interactions between plants and insect herbivores. Here, we review genes and proteins that are involved in plant-herbivore interactions and discuss how their discovery has structured the current standard model of plant-herbivore interactions. Plants perceive damage-associated and, possibly, herbivore-associated molecular patterns via receptors that activate early signaling components such as Ca2+, reactive oxygen species, and MAP kinases. Specific defense reprogramming proceeds via signaling networks that include phytohormones, secondary metabolites, and transcription factors. Local and systemic regulation of toxins, defense proteins, physical barriers, and tolerance traits protect plants against herbivores. Herbivores counteract plant defenses through biochemical defense deactivation, effector-mediated suppression of defense signaling, and chemically controlled behavioral changes. The molecular basis of plant-herbivore interactions is now well established for model systems. Expanding molecular approaches to unexplored dimensions of plant-insect interactions should be a future priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Erb
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, 3000 Bern, Switzerland;
| | - Philippe Reymond
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland;
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83
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Hair as an alternative matrix to monitor human exposure to plasticizers – Development of a liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry method. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2019; 1104:94-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2018.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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84
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Zhou Y, Zhu H, He S, Zhai H, Zhao N, Xing S, Wei Z, Liu Q. A Novel Sweetpotato Transcription Factor Gene IbMYB116 Enhances Drought Tolerance in Transgenic Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1025. [PMID: 31475022 PMCID: PMC6704235 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Several members of the MYB transcription factor family have been found to regulate growth, developmental processes, metabolism, and biotic and abiotic stress responses in plants. However, the role of MYB116 in plants is still unclear. In this study, a MYB transcription factor gene IbMYB116 was cloned and characterized from the sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.] line Xushu55-2, a line that is considered to be drought resistant. We show here that IbMYB116 is a nuclear protein and that it possesses a transactivation domain at the C terminus. This gene exhibited a high expression level in the leaf tissues of Xushu55-2 and was strongly induced by PEG6000 and methyl-jasmonate (MeJA). The IbMYB116-overexpressing Arabidopsis plants showed significantly enhanced drought tolerance, increased MeJA content, and a decreased H2O2 level under drought stress. The overexpression of IbMYB116 in Arabidopsis systematically upregulated jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthesis genes and activated the JA signaling pathway as well as reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenging system genes under drought stress conditions. The overall results suggest that the IbMYB116 gene might enhance drought tolerance by activating a ROS-scavenging system through the JA signaling pathway in transgenic Arabidopsis. These findings reveal, for the first time, the crucial role of IbMYB116 in the drought tolerance of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Sweetpotato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Sweetpotato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shaozhen He
- Key Laboratory of Sweetpotato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Sweetpotato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Sweetpotato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shihan Xing
- Key Laboratory of Sweetpotato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zihao Wei
- Key Laboratory of Sweetpotato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qingchang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Sweetpotato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Qingchang Liu,
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85
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Yang J, Duan G, Li C, Liu L, Han G, Zhang Y, Wang C. The Crosstalks Between Jasmonic Acid and Other Plant Hormone Signaling Highlight the Involvement of Jasmonic Acid as a Core Component in Plant Response to Biotic and Abiotic Stresses. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1349. [PMID: 31681397 PMCID: PMC6813250 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 294] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Plant hormones play central roles in plant growth, developmental processes, and plant response to biotic and abiotic stresses. On the one hand, plant hormones may allocate limited resources to the most serious stresses; on the other hand, the crosstalks among multiple plant hormone signaling regulate the balance between plant growth and defense. Many studies have reported the mechanism of crosstalks between jasmonic acid (JA) and other plant hormones in plant growth and stress responses. Based on these studies, this paper mainly reviews the crosstalks between JA and other plant hormone signaling in regulating the balance between plant growth and defense response. The suppressor proteins JASMONATE ZIM DOMAIN PROTEIN (JAZ) and MYC2 as the key components in the crosstalks are also highlighted in the review. We conclude that JA interacts with other hormone signaling pathways [such as auxin, ethylene (ET), abscisic acid (ABA), salicylic acid (SA), brassinosteroids (BRs), and gibberellin (GA)] to regulate plant growth, abiotic stress tolerance, and defense resistance against hemibiotrophic pathogens such as Magnaporthe oryzae and Pseudomonas syringae. Notably, JA may act as a core signal in the phytohormone signaling network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- *Correspondence: Jing Yang,
| | - Guihua Duan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Chunqin Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Lin Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Guangyu Han
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Yaling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Changmi Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
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86
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Heterologous Expression of the Grapevine JAZ7 Gene in Arabidopsis Confers Enhanced Resistance to Powdery Mildew but Not to Botrytis cinerea. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19123889. [PMID: 30563086 PMCID: PMC6321488 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Revised: 11/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Jasmonate ZIM-domain (JAZ) family proteins comprise a class of transcriptional repressors that silence jasmonate-inducible genes. Although a considerable amount of research has been carried out on this gene family, there is still very little information available on the role of specific JAZ gene members in multiple pathogen resistance, especially in non-model species. In this study, we investigated the potential resistance function of the VqJAZ7 gene from a disease-resistant wild grapevine, Vitis quinquangularis cv. “Shang-24”, through heterologous expression in Arabidopsis thaliana. VqJAZ7-expressing transgenic Arabidopsis were challenged with three pathogens: the biotrophic fungus Golovinomyces cichoracearum, necrotrophic fungus Botrytis cinerea, and semi-biotrophic bacteria Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000. We found that plants expressing VqJAZ7 showed greatly reduced disease symptoms for G. cichoracearum, but not for B. cinerea or P. syringae. In response to G cichoracearum infection, VqJAZ7-expressing transgenic lines exhibited markedly higher levels of cell death, superoxide anions (O2¯, and H2O2 accumulation, relative to nontransgenic control plants. Moreover, we also tested the relative expression of defense-related genes to comprehend the possible induced pathways. Taken together, our results suggest that VqJAZ7 in grapevine participates in molecular pathways of resistance to G. cichoracearum, but not to B. cinerea or P. syringae.
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87
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Upadhyay RK, Mattoo AK. Genome-wide identification of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) lipoxygenases coupled with expression profiles during plant development and in response to methyl-jasmonate and wounding. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 231:318-328. [PMID: 30368230 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Lipoxygenases (LOXs) (EC 1.13.11.12) catalyze the oxygenation of fatty acids and produce oxylipins including the plant hormone jasmonate (jasmonic acid/methyl jasmonate; MeJA). Little is known about the tomato LOX gene family members that impact tomato growth and development, and less so about their feed-back regulation in response to MeJA. We present genome wide identification of 14 LOX gene family members in tomato which map unevenly on 12 chromosomes. The characteristic structural features of 9-LOX and 13-LOX tomato gene family, their protein domains/features, and divergence are presented. Quantification of the expression patterns of all the 14 SlLOX gene members segregated the members based on differential association with growth, development, or fruit ripening. We also identified those SlLOX genes whose transcription responds to exogenous MeJA and/or wounding stress. MeJA-based feedback regulation that involves activation of specific members of LOX genes is defined. Specific nature of SlLOX gene regulation in tomato is defined. The novel data on dynamics of SlLOX gene expression should help catalyze future strategies to elucidate role(s) of each gene member in planta and for crop biotechnological intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh K Upadhyay
- Sustainable Agricultural Systems Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Henry A. Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA.
| | - Autar K Mattoo
- Sustainable Agricultural Systems Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Henry A. Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA.
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88
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Long-distance electrical signals as a link between the local action of stressors and the systemic physiological responses in higher plants. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 146:63-84. [PMID: 30508537 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2018.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Our review is devoted to the analysis of the role of long-distance electrical signals in the development of the fast systemic physiological responses in higher plants. The characteristics and mechanisms of basic electrical signals (variation potential, action potential and system potential) are analyzed, and a potential schema of the generation and propagation of the system potential is proposed. The review summarizes the physiological changes induced by the variation potential, action potential and system potential in higher plants, including changes in gene expressions, the production of phytohormones, photosynthesis, phloem mass-flow, respiration, ATP content, transpiration and plant growth. Potential mechanisms of the changes are analyzed. Finally, a hypothetical schema, which describes a hierarchy of the variation potential, action potential and system potential, in the development of the fast systemic non-specific adaptation of plants to stressors, is proposed.
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89
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Zhu F, Heinen R, van der Sluijs M, Raaijmakers C, Biere A, Bezemer TM. Species-specific plant-soil feedbacks alter herbivore-induced gene expression and defense chemistry in Plantago lanceolata. Oecologia 2018; 188:801-811. [PMID: 30109421 PMCID: PMC6208702 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-018-4245-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Plants actively interact with antagonists and beneficial organisms occurring in the above- and belowground domains of terrestrial ecosystems. In the past decade, studies have focused on the role of plant-soil feedbacks (PSF) in a broad range of ecological processes. However, PSF and its legacy effects on plant defense traits, such as induction of defense-related genes and production of defensive secondary metabolites, have not received much attention. Here, we study soil legacy effects created by twelve common grassland plant species on the induction of four defense-related genes, involved in jasmonic acid signaling, related to chewing herbivore defense (LOX2, PPO7), and in salicylic acid signaling, related to pathogen defense (PR1 and PR2) in Plantago lanceolata in response to aboveground herbivory by Mamestra brassicae. We also assessed soil legacy and herbivory effects on the production of terpenoid defense compounds (the iridoid glycosides aucubin and catalpol) in P. lanceolata. Our results show that both soil legacy and herbivory influence phenotypes of P. lanceolata in terms of induction of Pl PPO7 and Pl LOX2, whereas the expression of Pl PR1 and Pl PR2-1 is not affected by soil legacies, nor by herbivory. We also find species-specific soil legacy effects on the production of aucubin. Moreover, P. lanceolata accumulates more catalpol when they are grown in soils conditioned by grass species. Our study highlights that PSF can influence aboveground plant-insect interactions through the impacts on plant defense traits and suggests that aboveground plant defense responses can be determined, at least partly, by plant-specific legacy effects induced by belowground organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhu
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Droevendaalsesteeg, 6708PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Robin Heinen
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Droevendaalsesteeg, 6708PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
- Institute of Biology, Section Plant Ecology and Phytochemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9505, 2300RA, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Martijn van der Sluijs
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Droevendaalsesteeg, 6708PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ciska Raaijmakers
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Droevendaalsesteeg, 6708PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Arjen Biere
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Droevendaalsesteeg, 6708PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - T Martijn Bezemer
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Droevendaalsesteeg, 6708PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Institute of Biology, Section Plant Ecology and Phytochemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9505, 2300RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
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90
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Identification of cell populations necessary for leaf-to-leaf electrical signaling in a wounded plant. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:10178-10183. [PMID: 30228123 PMCID: PMC6176584 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1807049115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous modes of long-distance electrical signaling exist in nature. The best known of these, axonal conduction, requires one primary cell population, i.e., neurons. In contrast, the cell types that mediate leaf-to-leaf electrical signaling in wounded plants have not been defined rigorously. Using genetic approaches, we find that two distinct populations of cells in the vasculature matrix are needed to perform this function. Surprisingly, these cells do not contact each other directly. As we further defined the plant wound response, we found that wound-induced membrane depolarizations preceded large intravasculature calcium fluxes. We reveal a two-cell-type mode of electrical signaling in leaves and discuss parallels and differences in electrical signaling outside the plant kingdom. The identity of the cell files necessary for the leaf-to-leaf transmission of wound signals plants has been debated for decades. In Arabidopsis, wounding initiates the glutamate receptor-like (GLR)–dependent propagation of membrane depolarizations that lead to defense gene activation. Using a vein extraction procedure we found pools of GLR-fusion proteins in endomembranes in phloem sieve elements and/or in xylem contact cells. Strikingly, only double mutants that eliminated GLRs from both of these spatially separated cell types strongly attenuated leaf-to-leaf electrical signaling. glr3.3 mutants were also compromised in their defense against herbivores. Since wounding is known to cause increases in cytosolic calcium, we monitored electrical signals and Ca2+ transients simultaneously. This revealed that wound-induced membrane depolarizations in the wild-type preceded cytosolic Ca2+ maxima. The axial and radial distributions of calcium fluxes were differentially affected in each glr mutant. Resolving a debate over which cell types are necessary for electrical signaling between leaves, we show that phloem sieve elements and xylem contact cells function together in this process.
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91
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Pholo M, Coetzee B, Maree HJ, Young PR, Lloyd JR, Kossmann J, Hills PN. Cell division and turgor mediate enhanced plant growth in Arabidopsis plants treated with the bacterial signalling molecule lumichrome. PLANTA 2018; 248:477-488. [PMID: 29777364 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-018-2916-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Transcriptomic analysis indicates that the bacterial signalling molecule lumichrome enhances plant growth through a combination of enhanced cell division and cell enlargement, and possibly enhances photosynthesis. Lumichrome (7,8 dimethylalloxazine), a novel multitrophic signal molecule produced by Sinorhizobium meliloti bacteria, has previously been shown to elicit growth promotion in different plant species (Phillips et al. in Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 96:12275-12280, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.96.22.12275 , 1999). However, the molecular mechanisms that underlie this plant growth promotion remain obscure. Global transcript profiling using RNA-seq suggests that lumichrome enhances growth by inducing genes impacting on turgor driven growth and mitotic cell cycle that ensures the integration of cell division and expansion of developing leaves. The abundance of XTH9 and XPA4 transcripts was attributed to improved mediation of cell-wall loosening to allow turgor-driven cell enlargement. Mitotic CYCD3.3, CYCA1.1, SP1L3, RSW7 and PDF1 transcripts were increased in lumichrome-treated Arabidopsis thaliana plants, suggesting enhanced growth was underpinned by increased cell differentiation and expansion with a consequential increase in biomass. Synergistic ethylene-auxin cross-talk was also observed through reciprocal over-expression of ACO1 and SAUR54, in which ethylene activates the auxin signalling pathway and regulates Arabidopsis growth by both stimulating auxin biosynthesis and modulating the auxin transport machinery to the leaves. Decreased transcription of jasmonate biosynthesis and responsive-related transcripts (LOX2; LOX3; LOX6; JAL34; JR1) might contribute towards suppression of the negative effects of methyl jasmonate (MeJa) such as chlorophyll loss and decreases in RuBisCO and photosynthesis. This work contributes towards a deeper understanding of how lumichrome enhances plant growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motlalepula Pholo
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Plant Biotechnology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa
| | - Beatrix Coetzee
- Department of Genetics, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa
- Agricultural Research Council, Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Institute for Deciduous Fruit, Vines and Wine, Private Bag X5026, Stellenbosch, 7599, South Africa
| | - Hans J Maree
- Department of Genetics, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa
- Agricultural Research Council, Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Institute for Deciduous Fruit, Vines and Wine, Private Bag X5026, Stellenbosch, 7599, South Africa
| | - Philip R Young
- Institute for Wine Biotechnology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa
| | - James R Lloyd
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Plant Biotechnology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa
| | - Jens Kossmann
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Plant Biotechnology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa
| | - Paul N Hills
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Plant Biotechnology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa.
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92
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Mattos BB, Montebianco C, Romanel E, da Franca Silva T, Bernabé RB, Simas-Tosin F, Souza LM, Sassaki GL, Vaslin MFS, Barreto-Bergter E. A peptidogalactomannan isolated from Cladosporium herbarum induces defense-related genes in BY-2 tobacco cells. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2018; 126:206-216. [PMID: 29525444 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Cladosporium herbarum is a plant pathogen associated with passion fruit scab and mild diseases in pea and soybean. In this study, a peptidogalactomannan (pGM) of C. herbarum mycelium was isolated and structurally characterized, and its role in plant-fungus interactions was evaluated. C. herbarum pGM is composed of carbohydrates (76%) and contains mannose, galactose and glucose as its main monosaccharides (molar ratio, 52:36:12). Methylation and 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance (13C-NMR) spectroscopy analysis have shown the presence of a main chain containing (1 → 6)-linked α-D-Manp residues, and β-D-Galf residues are present as (1 → 5)-interlinked side chains. β-Galactofuranose containing similar structures were characterized by our group in A. fumigatus, A. versicolor, A. flavus and C. resinae. Tobacco BY-2 cells were used as a model system to address the question of the role of C. herbarum pGM in cell viability and induction of the expression of plant defense-related genes. Native and partially acid hydrolyzed pGMs (lacking galactofuranosyl side-chain residues) were incubated with BY-2 cell suspensions at different concentrations. Cell viability drastically decreased after exposure to more than 400 μg ml-1 pGM; however no cell viability effect was observed after exposure to a partially acid hydrolyzed pGM. BY-2 cell contact with pGM strongly induce the expression of plant defense-related genes, such as phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) and lipoxygenase (LOX), as well as the pathogen-related PR-1a, PR-2 and PR-3 genes, suggesting that pGM activates defense responses in tobacco cells. Interestingly, contact with partially hydrolyzed pGM also induced defense-related gene expression at earlier times than native pGM. These results show that the side chains of the (1 → 5)-linked β-D-galactofuranosyl units from pGM play an important role in the first line fungus-plant interactions mediating plant responses against C. herbarum. In addition, it was observed that pGM and/or C. herbarum conidia are able to induced HR when in contact with tobacco leaves and in vitro plantlets roots, producing necrotic lesions and peroxidase and NO burst, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Braz Mattos
- Laboratório de Química Biológica de Microorganismos, Instituto de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, CCS 21941599, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Caroline Montebianco
- Laboratório de Química Biológica de Microorganismos, Instituto de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, CCS 21941599, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Elisson Romanel
- Laboratório de Química Biológica de Microorganismos, Instituto de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, CCS 21941599, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Laboratório de Virologia Molecular Vegetal, Departamento de Virologia, Instituto de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, CCS 21941590, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Tatiane da Franca Silva
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular Vegetal, Departamento de Virologia, Instituto de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, CCS 21941590, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Renato Barroso Bernabé
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular Vegetal, Departamento de Virologia, Instituto de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, CCS 21941590, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Simas-Tosin
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Lauro M Souza
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Guilherme L Sassaki
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Maite F S Vaslin
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular Vegetal, Departamento de Virologia, Instituto de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, CCS 21941590, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Eliana Barreto-Bergter
- Laboratório de Química Biológica de Microorganismos, Instituto de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, CCS 21941599, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Tolley JP, Nagashima Y, Gorman Z, Kolomiets MV, Koiwa H. Isoform-specific subcellular localization of Zea mays lipoxygenases and oxo-phytodienoate reductase 2. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plgene.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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94
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Hu TH, Lung SC, Ye ZW, Chye ML. Depletion of Arabidopsis ACYL-COA-BINDING PROTEIN3 Affects Fatty Acid Composition in the Phloem. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:2. [PMID: 29422909 PMCID: PMC5789640 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Oxylipins are crucial components in plant wound responses that are mobilised via the plant vasculature. Previous studies have shown that the overexpression of an Arabidopsis acyl-CoA-binding protein, AtACBP3, led to an accumulation of oxylipin-containing galactolipids, and AtACBP3pro::BETA-GLUCURONIDASE (GUS) was expressed in the phloem of transgenic Arabidopsis. To investigate the role of AtACBP3 in the phloem, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis of phloem exudates from the acbp3 mutant and wild type revealed that the AtACBP3 protein, but not its mRNA, was detected in the phloem sap. Furthermore, micrografting demonstrated that AtACBP3 expressed from the 35S promoter was translocated from shoot to root. Subsequently, AtACBP3 was localised to the companion cells, sieve elements and the apoplastic space of phloem tissue by immunogold electron microscopy using anti-AtACBP3 antibodies. AtACBP3pro::GUS was induced locally in Arabidopsis leaves upon wounding, and the expression of wound-responsive jasmonic acid marker genes (JASMONATE ZIM-DOMAIN10, VEGETATIVE STORAGE PROTEIN2, and LIPOXYGENASE2) increased more significantly in both locally wounded and systemic leaves of the wild type in comparison to acbp3 and AtACBP3-RNAi. Oxylipin-related fatty acid (FA) (C18:2-FA, C18:3-FA and methyl jasmonate) content was observed to be lower in acbp3 and AtACBP3-RNAi than wild-type phloem exudates using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Experiments using recombinant AtACBP3 in isothermal titration calorimetry analysis showed that medium- and long-chain acyl-CoA esters bind (His)6-AtACBP3 with KD values in the micromolar range. Taken together, these results suggest that AtACBP3 is likely to be a phloem-mobile protein that affects the FA pool and jasmonate content in the phloem, possibly by its binding to acyl-CoA esters.
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95
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Luo S, Zhang X, Wang J, Jiao C, Chen Y, Shen Y. Plant ion channels and transporters in herbivory-induced signalling. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2018; 45:111-131. [PMID: 32291026 DOI: 10.1071/fp16318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In contrast to many biotic stresses that plants face, feeding by herbivores produces unique mechanical and chemical signatures. Plants have evolved effective systems to recognise these mechanical stimuli and chemical elicitors at the plasma membrane (PM), where this recognition generates ion fluxes, including an influx of Ca2+ that elicits cellular Ca2+ signalling, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and variation in transmembrane potential. These signalling events also function in propagation of long-distance signals (Ca2+ waves, ROS waves, and electrical signals), which contribute to rapid, systemic induction of defence responses. Recent studies have identified several candidate channels or transporters that likely produce these ion fluxes at the PM. Here, we describe the important roles of these channels/transporters in transduction or transmission of herbivory-induced early signalling events, long-distance signals, and jasmonic acid and green leaf volatile signalling in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuitian Luo
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jinfei Wang
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Chunyang Jiao
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yingying Chen
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yingbai Shen
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
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96
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Mazur R, Trzcinska-Danielewicz J, Kozlowski P, Kowalewska Ł, Rumak I, Shiell BJ, Mostowska A, Michalski WP, Garstka M. Dark-chilling and subsequent photo-activation modulate expression and induce reversible association of chloroplast lipoxygenase with thylakoid membrane in runner bean (Phaseolus coccineus L.). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2018; 122:102-112. [PMID: 29207281 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2017.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Lipoxygenases (LOXs) are non-haem iron-containing dioxygenases that catalyse oxygenation of polyunsaturated fatty acids. This reaction is the first step in biosynthesis of oxylipins, which play important and diverse roles in stress response. In this study, we identified four LOX genes (PcLOXA, B, C, D) in chilling-sensitive runner bean (Phaseolus coccineus L.) plant and analyzed their expression patterns during long term dark-chilling (4 °C) stress and during day/night (21ºC/4 °C) temperature fluctuations. Three of the four identified LOX genes, namely PcLOXA, PcLOXB and PcLOXD, were induced by wounding stress, while only the PcLOXA was induced by dark-chilling of both detached (wounded) leaves and whole plants. We identified PcLOXA as a chloroplast-targeted LOX protein and investigated its expression during chilling stress in terms of abundance, localization inside chloroplasts and interactions with the thylakoid membranes. The analysis by immunogold electron microscopy has shown that more than 60% of detectable PcLOXA protein was associated with thylakoids, and dark-chilling of leaves resulted in increased amounts of this protein detected within grana margins of thylakoids. This effect was reversible under subsequent photo-activation of chilled leaves. PcLOXA binding to thylakoids is not mediated by the posttranslational modification but rather is based on direct interactions of the protein with membrane lipids; the binding strength increases under dark-chilling conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radosław Mazur
- Department of Metabolic Regulation, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland.
| | | | - Piotr Kozlowski
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Łucja Kowalewska
- Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Izabela Rumak
- Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Brian J Shiell
- CSIRO Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Private Bag 24, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia
| | - Agnieszka Mostowska
- Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wojtek P Michalski
- CSIRO Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Private Bag 24, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia
| | - Maciej Garstka
- Department of Metabolic Regulation, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland
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97
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Heyer M, Reichelt M, Mithöfer A. A Holistic Approach to Analyze Systemic Jasmonate Accumulation in Individual Leaves of Arabidopsis Rosettes Upon Wounding. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1569. [PMID: 30425725 PMCID: PMC6218591 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Phytohormones, especially jasmonates, are known to be mediators of the plant responses to wounding and herbivore feeding. Their role in such stress responses has been largely studied locally in treated leaves. However, less is known about the induced systemic distribution of phytohormone signals upon these kinds of stresses. Here, a holistic approach was performed in order to investigate the systemic phytohormone pattern in the rosette of Arabidopsis thaliana after herbivore-related wounding. Levels of different stress-related phytohormones such as jasmonates, abscisic acid, and salicylic acid were analyzed in individual leaves. We demonstrate that the typically used sampling method, where leaves are first cut and immediately frozen, causes false-positive results since cutting already induces systemic jasmonate elevations within less than 1.6 min. Therefore, this approach is not suitable to study systemic phytohormone changes in the whole plant. By developing a new method where leaves are frozen first and subsequently cut, sampling-induced phytohormone elevations could be reduced. Using this new method, we show that jasmonic acid and its active isoleucine conjugate (jasmonoyl-isoleucine) are involved in the fast systemic wound response of Arabidopsis. A systemic induction of the jasmonates' precursor, 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid, was not observed throughout our treatments. The systemic phytohormone distribution pattern is strongly linked to the vascular connections between the leaves, providing further evidence that the vascular system is used for long distance-signaling in Arabidopsis. Besides already known vascular connections, we also demonstrate that the systemic distribution of jasmonate signals can be extended to distant leaves, which are systemically but indirectly connected via another vascularly connected leaf. This holistic approach covering almost the whole Arabidopsis rosette introduces a method to overcome false-positive results in systemic phytohormone determinations and demonstrates that wounding-induced long-distance signaling includes fast changes in jasmonate levels in systemic, non-treated leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Heyer
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Reichelt
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Axel Mithöfer
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
- *Correspondence: Axel Mithöfer,
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98
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Pathak RK, Baunthiyal M, Pandey N, Pandey D, Kumar A. Modeling of the jasmonate signaling pathway in Arabidopsis thaliana with respect to pathophysiology of Alternaria blight in Brassica. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16790. [PMID: 29196636 PMCID: PMC5711873 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16884-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The productivity of Oilseed Brassica, one of the economically important crops of India, is seriously affected by the disease, Alternaria blight. The disease is mainly caused by two major necrotrophic fungi, Alternaria brassicae and Alternaria brassicicola which are responsible for significant yield losses. Till date, no resistant source is available against Alternaria blight, hence plant breeding methods can not be used to develop disease resistant varieties. Jasmonate mediated signalling pathway, which is known to play crucial role during defense response against necrotrophs, could be strengthened in Brassica plants to combat the disease. Since scanty information is available in Brassica-Alternaria pathosystems at molecular level therefore, in the present study efforts have been made to model jasmonic acid pathway in Arabidopsis thaliana to simulate the dynamic behaviour of molecular species in the model. Besides, the developed model was also analyzed topologically for investigation of the hubs node. COI1 is identified as one of the promising candidate genes in response to Alternaria and other linked components of plant defense mechanisms against the pathogens. The findings from present study are therefore informative for understanding the molecular basis of pathophysiology and rational management of Alternaria blight for securing food and nutritional security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Kumar Pathak
- Department of Biotechnology, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Engineering & Technology, Pauri Garhwal, 246194, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Mamta Baunthiyal
- Department of Biotechnology, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Engineering & Technology, Pauri Garhwal, 246194, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Neetesh Pandey
- Centre for Agricultural Bioinformatics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute (IASRI), Pusa, 110012, New Delhi, India
| | - Dinesh Pandey
- Department of Molecular Biology & Genetic Engineering, College of Basic Sciences & Humanities, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar, 263145, India
| | - Anil Kumar
- Department of Molecular Biology & Genetic Engineering, College of Basic Sciences & Humanities, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar, 263145, India.
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99
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Lee G, Joo Y, Kim SG, Baldwin IT. What happens in the pith stays in the pith: tissue-localized defense responses facilitate chemical niche differentiation between two spatially separated herbivores. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 92:414-425. [PMID: 28805339 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Herbivore attack is known to elicit systemic defense responses that spread throughout the host plant and influence the performance of other herbivores. While these plant-mediated indirect competitive interactions are well described, and the co-existence of herbivores from different feeding guilds is common, the mechanisms of co-existence are poorly understood. In both field and glasshouse experiments with a native tobacco, Nicotiana attenuata, we found no evidence of negative interactions when plants were simultaneously attacked by two spatially separated herbivores: a leaf chewer Manduca sexta and a stem borer Trichobaris mucorea. T. mucorea attack elicited jasmonic acid (JA) and jasmonoyl-l-isoleucine bursts in the pith of attacked stems similar to those that occur in leaves when M. sexta attacks N. attenuata leaves. Pith chlorogenic acid (CGA) levels increased 1000-fold to levels 6-fold higher than leaf levels after T. mucorea attack; these increases in pith CGA levels, which did not occur in M. sexta-attacked leaves, required JA signaling. With plants silenced in CGA biosynthesis (irHQT plants), CGA, as well as other caffeic acid conjugates, was demonstrated in both glasshouse and field experiments to function as a direct defense protecting piths against T. mucorea attack, but not against leaf chewers or sucking insects. T. mucorea attack does not systemically activate JA signaling in leaves, while M. sexta leaf-attack transiently induces detectable but minor pith JA levels that are dwarfed by local responses. We conclude that tissue-localized defense responses allow tissue-specialized herbivores to share the same host and occupy different chemical defense niches in the same hostplant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisuk Lee
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straβe 8, Jena, D-07745, Germany
| | - Youngsung Joo
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straβe 8, Jena, D-07745, Germany
| | - Sang-Gyu Kim
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straβe 8, Jena, D-07745, Germany
| | - Ian T Baldwin
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straβe 8, Jena, D-07745, Germany
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100
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Sherif SM, Erland LA, Shukla MR, Saxena PK. Bark and wood tissues of American elm exhibit distinct responses to Dutch elm disease. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7114. [PMID: 28769110 PMCID: PMC5540924 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07779-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Tolerance to Dutch elm disease (DED) has been linked to the rapid and/or high induction of disease-responsive genes after infection with the fungus Ophiostoma novo-ulmi. Although the fungal infection by O. novo-ulmi primarily takes places in xylem vessels, it is still unclear how xylem contributes to the defense against DED. Taking advantage of the easy separation of wood and bark tissues in young American elm saplings, here we show that most disease-responsive genes exhibited higher expression in wood compared to bark tissues after fungal infection. On the other hand, the stress-related phytohormones were generally more abundant in the bark compared to wood tissues. However, only endogenous levels of jasmonates (JAs), but not salicylic acid (SA) and abscisic acid (ABA) increased in the inoculated tissues. This, along with the upregulation of JA-biosynthesis genes in inoculated bark and core tissues further suggest that phloem and xylem might contribute to the de novo biosynthesis of JA after fungal infection. The comparison between two tolerant elm varieties, 'Valley Forge' and 'Princeton,' also indicated that tolerance against DED might be mediated by different mechanisms in the xylem. The present study sheds some light on the amplitude and kinetics of defense responses produced in the xylem and phloem in response to DED.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Sherif
- Gosling Research Institute for Plant Preservation, Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
- Virginia Tech, Alson H. Smith, Jr. Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Winchester, VA, USA
| | - L A Erland
- Gosling Research Institute for Plant Preservation, Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - M R Shukla
- Gosling Research Institute for Plant Preservation, Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - P K Saxena
- Gosling Research Institute for Plant Preservation, Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.
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