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Hu Q, Zhang S, Huang B. Strigolactones and interaction with auxin regulating root elongation in tall fescue under different temperature regimes. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 271:34-39. [PMID: 29650155 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones (SL) have recently been found to play roles in regulating root development. However, it remains unclear how SL may mediate root elongation of perennial grass species under different temperatures that differentially affect root growth. The objectives of this study were to examine effects of SL on root elongation of tall fescue and to examine the interactive effects of SL and auxin in regulating root growth under both non-stress and heat stress conditions. Tall fescue (cv. 'Kentuck-31') plants were treated with GR24 (a synthetic strigolactones), NAA (α-naphthylacetic acid), or NPA (auxin transport inhibitor N-1-naphthylphalamic acid) or their combination under non-stress control and heat stress (35/30 °C) in growth chamber. Crown root elongation was evaluated by measuring root length. Cell number and length in root tips were measured under confocal microscope. Expression levels of genes related to cell growth, SL signaling and auxin transport were determined. SL promoted crown root elongation in tall fescue under normal temperature and heat stress, and alleviated heat-inhibition of root growth. GR24-enhanced root elongation was accompanied with the increase in cell numbers, up-regulation of cell cycle-related genes, and down-regulation auxin transport-related genes in crown root tips of tall fescue. The positive effects of SL for promoting crown root elongation in tall fescue under both non-stress and heat stress could be mainly due to its regulation of cell division and involve the interference of auxin transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiannan Hu
- Department of Plant Biology and Pathology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA; College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Shuoxin Zhang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Bingru Huang
- Department of Plant Biology and Pathology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA.
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Sun H, Feng F, Liu J, Zhao Q. Nitric Oxide Affects Rice Root Growth by Regulating Auxin Transport Under Nitrate Supply. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:659. [PMID: 29875779 PMCID: PMC5974057 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) is a major essential nutrient for plant growth, and rice is an important food crop globally. Although ammonium (NH4+) is the main N source for rice, nitrate (NO3-) is also absorbed and utilized. Rice responds to NO3- supply by changing root morphology. However, the mechanisms of rice root growth and formation under NO3- supply are unclear. Nitric oxide (NO) and auxin are important regulators of root growth and development under NO3- supply. How the interactions between NO and auxin in regulating root growth in response to NO3- are unknown. In this study, the levels of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and NO in roots, and the responses of lateral roots (LRs) and seminal roots (SRs) to NH4+ and NO3-, were investigated using wild-type (WT) rice, as well as osnia2 and ospin1b mutants. NO3- supply promoted LR formation and SR elongation. The effects of NO donor and NO inhibitor/scavenger supply on NO levels and the root morphology of WT and nia2 mutants under NH4+ or NO3- suggest that NO3--induced NO is generated by the nitrate reductase (NR) pathway rather than the NO synthase (NOS)-like pathway. IAA levels, [3H] IAA transport, and PIN gene expression in roots were enhanced under NO3- relative to NH4+ supply. These results suggest that NO3- regulates auxin transport in roots. Application of SNP under NH4+ supply, or of cPTIO under NO3- supply, resulted in auxin levels in roots similar to those under NO3- and NH4+ supply, respectively. Compared to WT, the roots of the ospin1b mutant had lower auxin levels, fewer LRs, and shorter SRs. Thus, NO affects root growth by regulating auxin transport in response to NO3-. Overall, our findings suggest that NO3- influences LR formation and SR elongation by regulating auxin transport via a mechanism involving NO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huwei Sun
- *Correspondence: Huwei Sun, Quanzhi Zhao,
| | | | | | - Quanzhi Zhao
- Laboratory of Rice Biology in Henan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
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Luo L, Wang H, Liu X, Hu J, Zhu X, Pan S, Qin R, Wang Y, Zhao P, Fan X, Xu G. Strigolactones affect the translocation of nitrogen in rice. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 270:190-197. [PMID: 29576072 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) are involved in the nutrient-dependent control of plant root and shoot architecture. The total sufficient uptake of nitrogen (N), and also its appropriate distribution, is essential for the normal growth and development of plants; however, the effect of SLs on N translocation in plants remains unknown. Here, the SL-signaling mutant dwarf 3 (d3), the biosynthesis mutant dwarf 10 (d10), and wild-type (WT) rice (Oryza sativa ssp. Japonica cv. Nipponbare) were used to investigate the relationship between N nutrition and the regulatory role of SLs. Relative to WT, the d10 mutant had a higher N concentration in older leaves but a lower N concentration in younger leaves, while the d3 mutant showed a considerably lower N concentration, especially in its younger leaves under normal N levels. By contrast, both d3 and d10 mutants contained higher N in their leaves under N-deficient conditions. The 15N uptake and distribution analysis revealed that the significantly different N concentrations among the d3, d10, and WT plants only occurred in their leaves, not in their roots. Moreover, when provided with an external supply of GR24, the synthetic SLs altered the leaf N distribution of the d10 mutant but not those of the d3 mutant and WT. Together, these results suggested that the effect of SLs on plant growth and development may be linked to N translocation to different shoot tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; MOA Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Hongxuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; MOA Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiaohong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; MOA Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jinqi Hu
- MOA Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xueli Zhu
- MOA Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shou Pan
- MOA Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ruyi Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; MOA Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yifeng Wang
- MOA Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Pingping Zhao
- MOA Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiaorong Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; MOA Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Guohua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; MOA Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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Tamás L, Demecsová L, Zelinová V. L-NAME decreases the amount of nitric oxide and enhances the toxicity of cadmium via superoxide generation in barley root tip. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 224-225:68-74. [PMID: 29604535 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2018.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Exposure of barley roots to mM concentrations of L-NAME for 30 min caused a considerable root growth inhibition in a dose-dependent manner. The inhibition of root growth was higher in seedlings co-treated with Cd and L-NAME, compared with roots treated with Cd alone, despite the fact that L-NAME markedly reduced the uptake of Cd by roots. Treatment of roots with L-NAME evoked a decrease in NO level in both control and Cd-treated root tips only after a relatively long lag period, which overlaps with an increase in superoxide and H2O2 levels and peroxynitrite generation. L-NAME-induced root growth inhibition is alleviated not only by the application of the NO donor SNP but also by the ROS and peroxynitrite scavengers. Our results indicate that L-NAME, a NOS inhibitor in the animal kingdom, indeed evokes NO depletion also in the plant tissues; however, it does not occur due to the action of L-NAME as an inhibitor of NOS or NOS-like activity, but as a consequence of L-NAME-induced enhanced superoxide generation, leading to increased peroxynitrite level in the root tips due to the reaction between superoxide and NO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ladislav Tamás
- Institute of Botany, Plant Science and Biodiversity Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, SK-84523 Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
| | - Loriana Demecsová
- Institute of Botany, Plant Science and Biodiversity Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, SK-84523 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Veronika Zelinová
- Institute of Botany, Plant Science and Biodiversity Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, SK-84523 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
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Sun H, Tao J, Zhao Q, Xu G, Zhang Y. Multiple roles of nitric oxide in root development and nitrogen uptake. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2017; 12:e1274480. [PMID: 28027007 PMCID: PMC5289520 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2016.1274480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is widely recognized for its role as a signaling molecule in regulating plant developmental processes. We summarize recent work on NO generation via nitrate reductase (NR) or/and NO synthase (NOS) pathway in response to nutrient fluctuation and its regulation of plant root growth and N metabolism. The promotion or inhibition of root development most likely depends on NO concentrations and/or experimental conditions. NO plays an important role in regulating plant NR activity at posttranslational level probably via a direct interaction mechanism, thus contributing largely to N assimilation. NO also regulates N distribution and uptake in many plant species. In rice cultivar, NR-generated NO plays a pivotal role in improving N uptake capacity by increasing root growth and inorganic N uptake, representing a potential strategy for rice adaption to a fluctuating nitrate supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huwei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of The Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- College of Agronomy, National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Key Laboratory of Rice Biology in Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jinyuan Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of The Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Quanzhi Zhao
- College of Agronomy, National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Key Laboratory of Rice Biology in Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Guohua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of The Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yali Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of The Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- CONTACT Yali Zhang College of Resources Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Wu S, Hu C, Tan Q, Xu S, Sun X. Nitric Oxide Mediates Molybdenum-Induced Antioxidant Defense in Wheat under Drought Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1085. [PMID: 28690625 PMCID: PMC5481953 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Molybdenum (Mo) has been reported to alleviate drought stress by enhancing antioxidant defense in plants, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here, we hypothesized that Mo mediates nitric oxide (NO)-induced antioxidant defense through Mo-enzymes, particularly by nitrate reductase (NR) in wheat under drought stress. The 30-day-old wheat seedlings cultivated in -Mo (0 μM Mo) and +Mo (1 μM Mo) Hoagland solutions were detached and then pretreated with Mo-enzyme inhibitors, NO scavengers, NO donors or their combinations according to demands of complementary experiment under 10% polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG)-stimulated drought stress (PSD). Mo supplementation increased the activities and transcripts of antioxidant enzymes, decreased H2O2 and MDA contents, and elevated NO production, implying that Mo-induced antioxidant defense may be related to NO signal. Complementary experiment showed that NO production was induced by Mo, while suppressed by Mo-enzyme inhibitors and NO scavengers, but restored by NO donors, suggesting that Mo-induced increase of NO production may be due to the regulation by Mo-enzymes. Further experiment indicated that the increased activities and transcripts of antioxidant enzymes induced by Mo were suppressed by Mo-enzyme inhibitors and NO scavengers, and NO donors could eliminate their suppressing effects. Moreover, Mo application increased NR activity and inhibitors of Mo-enzymes inhibited NR activity in wheat leaves under PSD, suggesting that NR might involve in the regulation of Mo-induced NO production. These results clearly indicate that NO mediates Mo-induced antioxidant defense at least partially through the regulation of NR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songwei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for New-Type Fertilizers, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Chengxiao Hu
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for New-Type Fertilizers, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Qiling Tan
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for New-Type Fertilizers, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Shoujun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for New-Type Fertilizers, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Xuecheng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for New-Type Fertilizers, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Xuecheng Sun,
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Sun H, Feng F, Liu J, Zhao Q. The Interaction between Auxin and Nitric Oxide Regulates Root Growth in Response to Iron Deficiency in Rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:2169. [PMID: 29312409 PMCID: PMC5743679 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.02169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Fe deficiency (-Fe) is a common abiotic stress that affects the root development of plants. Auxin and nitric oxide (NO) are key regulator of root growth under -Fe. However, the interactions between auxin and NO regulate root growth in response to Fe deficiency are complex and unclear. In this study, the indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and NO levels in roots, and the responses of root growth in rice to different levels of Fe supply were investigated using wild type (WT), ospin1b and osnia2 mutants. -Fe promoted LR formation but inhibited seminal root elongation. IAA levels, [3H] IAA transport, and expression levels of PIN1a-c genes in roots were reduced under -Fe, suggesting that polar auxin transport from shoots to roots was decreased. Application of IAA to -Fe seedlings restored seminal root length, but not LR density, to levels similar to those under normal Fe (+Fe), and the seminal root length was shorter in two ospin1b mutants relative to WT under +Fe, but not under -Fe, confirming that auxin transport participates in -Fe-inhibited seminal root elongation. Moreover, -Fe-induced LR density and -Fe-inhibited seminal root elongation paralleled NO production in roots. Interestingly, similar NO accumulation and responses of LR density and root elongation were observed in osnia2 mutants compared to WT, and the higher expression of NOA gene under -Fe, suggesting that -Fe-induced NO was generated via the NO synthase-like pathway rather than the nitrate reductase pathway. However, IAA could restore the functions of NO in inhibiting seminal root elongation, but did not replace the role of NO-induced LR formation under -Fe. Overall, our findings suggested that NO functions downstream of auxin in regulating LR formation; NO-inhibited seminal root elongation by decreasing meristem activity in root tips under -Fe, with the involvement of auxin.
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An JP, Li R, Qu FJ, You CX, Wang XF, Hao YJ. Apple F-Box Protein MdMAX2 Regulates Plant Photomorphogenesis and Stress Response. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1685. [PMID: 27909441 PMCID: PMC5112277 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
MAX2 (MORE AXILLARY GROWTH2) is involved in diverse physiological processes, including photomorphogenesis, the abiotic stress response, as well as karrikin and strigolactone signaling-mediated shoot branching. In this study, MdMAX2, an F-box protein that is a homolog of Arabidopsis MAX2, was identified and characterized. Overexpression of MdMAX2 in apple calli enhanced the accumulation of anthocyanin. Ectopic expression of MdMAX2 in Arabidopsis exhibited photomorphogenesis phenotypes, including increased anthocyanin content and decreased hypocotyl length. Further study indicated that MdMAX2 might promote plant photomorphogenesis by affecting the auxin signaling as well as other plant hormones. Transcripts of MdMAX2 were noticeably up-regulated in response to NaCl and Mannitol treatments. Moreover, compared with the wild-type, the MdMAX2-overexpressing apple calli and Arabidopsis exhibited increased tolerance to salt and drought stresses. Taken together, these results suggest that MdMAX2 plays a positive regulatory role in plant photomorphogenesis and stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Yu-Jin Hao
- *Correspondence: Yu-Jin Hao, Xiao-Fei Wang,
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Marzec M. Perception and Signaling of Strigolactones. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1260. [PMID: 27602041 PMCID: PMC4993784 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs), a recently discovered class of phytohormones, are important regulators of plant growth and development. While the biosynthetic pathway of these molecules is well documented, until recently there was not much known about the molecular mechanisms underlying SL perception and signal transduction in plants. Certain aspects of their perception and signaling, including the hormone-mediated interaction between receptor and F-box protein, degradation of suppressor proteins and activation of transcription factors, are also found in other phytohormones. However, some of SL signaling features seem to be specific for the SL signaling pathway. These include the enzymatic activity of the SL receptor and its destabilization caused by SLs. This review summarizes the current knowledge about SL signaling pathway in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Marzec
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, KatowicePoland
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, SeelandGermany
- *Correspondence: Marek Marzec,
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