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Kondo T, Okawa H, Hokugo A, Shokeen B, Sundberg O, Zheng Y, McKenna CE, Lux R, Nishimura I. Oral microbial extracellular DNA initiates periodontitis through gingival degradation by fibroblast-derived cathepsin K in mice. Commun Biol 2022; 5:962. [PMID: 36104423 PMCID: PMC9474870 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03896-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a highly prevalent disease leading to uncontrolled osteoclastic jawbone resorption and ultimately edentulism; however, the disease onset mechanism has not been fully elucidated. Here we propose a mechanism for initial pathology based on results obtained using a recently developed Osteoadsorptive Fluogenic Sentinel (OFS) probe that emits a fluorescent signal triggered by cathepsin K (Ctsk) activity. In a ligature-induced mouse model of periodontitis, a strong OFS signal is observed before the establishment of chronic inflammation and bone resorption. Single cell RNA sequencing shows gingival fibroblasts to be the primary cellular source of early Ctsk. The in vivo OFS signal is activated when Toll-Like Receptor 9 (TLR9) ligand or oral biofilm extracellular DNA (eDNA) is topically applied to the mouse palatal gingiva. This previously unrecognized interaction between oral microbial eDNA and Ctsk of gingival fibroblasts provides a pathological mechanism for disease initiation and a strategic basis for early diagnosis and treatment of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeru Kondo
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, Division of Regenerative & Reconstructive Sciences, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Hiroko Okawa
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, Division of Regenerative & Reconstructive Sciences, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Akishige Hokugo
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, Division of Regenerative & Reconstructive Sciences, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Regenerative Bioengineering and Repair Laboratory, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Bhumika Shokeen
- Section of Biosystems and Function, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Oskar Sundberg
- Department of Chemistry, Dana and David Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Yiying Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, Dana and David Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Charles E McKenna
- Department of Chemistry, Dana and David Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Renate Lux
- Section of Biosystems and Function, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Ichiro Nishimura
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, Division of Regenerative & Reconstructive Sciences, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
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Tseng HY, Chen YW, Lee BS, Chang PC, Wang YP, Lin CP, Cheng SJ, Kuo MYP, Hou HH. The neutrophil elastase-upregulated placenta growth factor promotes the pathogenesis and progression of periodontal disease. J Periodontol 2022; 93:1401-1410. [PMID: 34967007 DOI: 10.1002/jper.21-0587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periodontal disease is a chronic inflammatory disease. Given its high prevalence, especially in aging population, the detailed mechanisms about pathogenesis of periodontal disease are important issues for study. Neutrophil firstly infiltrates to periodontal disease-associated pathogen loci and amplifies the inflammatory response for host defense. However, excessive neutrophil-secreted neutrophil elastase (NE) damages the affected gingival. In lung and esophageal epithelium, NE had been proved to upregulate several growth factors including placenta growth factor (PGF). PGF is an angiogenic factor with proinflammatory properties, which mediates the progression of inflammatory disease. Therefore, we hypothesize excessive NE upregulates PGF and participates in the pathogenesis and progression of periodontal disease. METHODS In gingival epithelial cells (GEC), growth factors array demonstrated NE-increased growth factors and further be corroborated by Western blot assay and ELISA. The GEC inflammation was evaluated by ELISA. In mice, the immunohistochemistry results demonstrated ligature implantation-induced neutrophil infiltration and growth factor upregulation. By multiplex assay, the ligature-induced proinflammatory cytokines level in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) were evaluated. Finally, alveolar bone absorption was analyzed by micro-CT images and H & E staining. RESULTS NE upregulated PGF expression and secretion in GEC. PGF promoted GEC to secret IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in GCF In periodontal disease animal model, ligature implantation triggered NE infiltration and PGF expression. Blockade of PGF attenuated the ligature implantation-induced IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and MIP-2 secretion and ameliorated the alveolar bone loss in mice. CONCLUSION In conclusion, the NE-induced PGF triggers gingival epithelium inflammation and promotes the pathogenesis and progression of periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiu-Yang Tseng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Wen Chen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Bor-Shiunn Lee
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Oral Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Chun Chang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ping Wang
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Pin Lin
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Jung Cheng
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Oral Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mark Yen-Ping Kuo
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Han Hou
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Oral Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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53
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Bhalla SP, Shaju AM, Figueredo CMDS, Miranda LA. Increased Levels of C5a in Gingival Crevicular Fluid and Saliva of Patients with Periodontal Disease. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11090983. [PMID: 36145415 PMCID: PMC9503606 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11090983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
C5a is a powerful complement effector molecule that is considered to be an important proinflammatory mediator in several systemic chronic inflammatory diseases. However, its levels in periodontal diseases are yet to be assessed. We aimed to analyse the secretion of C5a in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and saliva of patients with periodontal disease. Twenty-eight patients diagnosed with stage 3–4 periodontitis and 16 periodontally healthy subjects participated in this study. GCF was collected from sites with the deepest probing depth of each patient, and volume was measured using a Periotron 8000®. One mL of unstimulated saliva was also collected. Samples were analysed using a commercially available ELISA kit. The data were analysed using the Mann–Whitney U test, Pearson’s bivariate testing, and receiver operating characteristic curve. C5a was present in GCF from patients with periodontitis (1.06 ± 0.25 ng/mL) whilst it was undetected in controls. Saliva concentration was also significantly higher in periodontitis (1.82 ± 2.31 ng/mL) than controls (0.60 ± 0.72 ng/mL, p = 0.006). C5a levels were more pronounced in periodontitis in both oral fluids assessed by the present pilot study. These results suggest that the more pronounced levels of C5a in oral fluids from periodontitis patients indicate a potential role of this molecule in this disease pathogenesis, deserving to be better explored in subsequent studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ann Maria Shaju
- Discipline of Periodontics, UWA Dental School, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Carlos Marcelo da Silva Figueredo
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
- Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 141 04 Huddinge, Sweden
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Identification of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Related Biomarkers of Periodontitis Based on Machine Learning: A Bioinformatics Analysis. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:8611755. [PMID: 36072904 PMCID: PMC9444421 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8611755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Objective To screen for potential endoplasmic reticulum stress- (ERS-) related biomarkers of periodontitis using machine learning methods and explore their relationship with immune cells. Methods Three datasets of periodontitis (GSE10334, GES16134, and GES23586) were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), and the samples were randomly assigned to the training set or the validation set. ERS-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between periodontitis and healthy periodontal tissues were screened and analyzed for GO, KEGG, and DO enrichment. Key DEGs were screened by two machine learning algorithms, LASSO regression and support vector machine-recursive feature elimination (SVM-RFE); then, the potential biomarkers were identified through validation. The infiltration of immune cells of periodontitis was calculated using the CIBERSORT algorithm, and the correlation between immune cells and potential biomarkers was specifically analyzed through the Spearman method. Results We obtained 36 ERS-related DEGs of periodontitis from the training set, from which 11 key DEGs were screened by further machine learning. SERPINA1, ERLEC1, and VWF showed high diagnostic values (AUC > 0.85), so they were considered as potential biomarkers for periodontitis. According to the results of the immune cell infiltration analysis, these three potential biomarkers showed marked correlations with plasma cells, neutrophils, resting dendritic cells, resting mast cells, and follicular helper T cells. Conclusions Three ERS-related genes, SERPINA1, ERLEC1, and VWF, showed valuable biomarker potential for periodontitis, which provide a target base for future studies on early diagnosis and treatment of periodontitis.
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Xu X, Zhang T, Xia X, Yin Y, Yang S, Ai D, Qin H, Zhou M, Song J. Pyroptosisin periodontitis: From the intricate interaction with apoptosis, NETosis, and necroptosis to the therapeutic prospects. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:953277. [PMID: 36093182 PMCID: PMC9450806 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.953277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is highly prevalent worldwide. It is characterized by periodontal attachment and alveolar bone destruction, which not only leads to tooth loss but also results in the exacerbation of systematic diseases. As such, periodontitis has a significant negative impact on the daily lives of patients. Detailed exploration of the molecular mechanisms underlying the physiopathology of periodontitis may contribute to the development of new therapeutic strategies for periodontitis and the associated systematic diseases. Pyroptosis, as one of the inflammatory programmed cell death pathways, is implicated in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. Progress in the field of pyroptosis has greatly enhanced our understanding of its role in inflammatory diseases. This review first summarizes the mechanisms underlying the activation of pyroptosis in periodontitis and the pathological role of pyroptosis in the progression of periodontitis. Then, the crosstalk between pyroptosis with apoptosis, necroptosis, and NETosis in periodontitis is discussed. Moreover, pyroptosis, as a novel link that connects periodontitis with systemic disease, is also reviewed. Finally, the current challenges associated with pyroptosis as a potential therapeutic target for periodontitis are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Xu
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Tingwei Zhang
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuyun Xia
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Yin
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Sihan Yang
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Dongqing Ai
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Han Qin
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Mengjiao Zhou
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Jinlin Song
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Jinlin Song,
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Ouyang Y, Liu J, Wen S, Xu Y, Zhang Z, Pi Y, Chen D, Su Z, Liang Z, Wang Y, Guo L. Association between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and periodontitis: The common role of innate immune cells? Cytokine 2022; 158:155982. [PMID: 35932499 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2022.155982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Innate immune cells are of broad interest in a variety of diseases. These cells include neutrophils, macrophages, dendritic cells and mast cells, etc. Innate immune cells are often mentioned in inflammatory diseases as the first line of defense against pathogens' invasion. As chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and periodontitis are inflammatory diseases, innate immune cells play an important role in the development of both diseases. COPD and periodontitis are common epidemic diseases with a very high prevalence, thus affecting a large number of people and also reducing the quality of life of patients. In addition, epidemiological studies suggested a link between the two, creating a co-morbid burden, but the mechanism of the link is yet to be explained. This article discusses the possible mechanism of the link between the two diseases in terms of innate immune cells and discusses possible future targeted therapies that could alleviate the burden on patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanting Ouyang
- Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Department of Prosthodontics, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiaohong Liu
- Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Department of Prosthodontics, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Siyi Wen
- Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Department of Prosthodontics, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yixin Xu
- Department of Orthodontic, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, China
| | - Zhiyi Zhang
- Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Department of Prosthodontics, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yixing Pi
- Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Department of Prosthodontics, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ding Chen
- Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Department of Prosthodontics, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhikang Su
- Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Department of Prosthodontics, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zitian Liang
- Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Department of Prosthodontics, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Lvhua Guo
- Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Department of Prosthodontics, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Lin H, Chen H, Zhao X, Ding T, Wang Y, Chen Z, Tian Y, Zhang P, Shen Y. Advances of exosomes in periodontitis treatment. Lab Invest 2022; 20:279. [PMID: 35729576 PMCID: PMC9210629 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03487-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease initiated by dysbiosis of the local microbial community. Periodontitis can result in destruction of tooth-supporting tissue; however, overactivation of the host immune response is the main reason for alveolar bone loss. Periodontal tissue cells, immune cells, and even further activated osteoclasts and neutrophils play pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory roles. Traditional therapies for periodontitis are effective in reducing the microbial quantities and improving the clinical symptoms of periodontitis. However, these methods are non-selective, and it is still challenging to achieve an ideal treatment effect in clinics using the currently available treatments and approaches. Exosomes have shown promising potential in various preclinical and clinical studies, including in the diagnosis and treatment of periodontitis. Exos can be secreted by almost all types of cells, containing specific substances of cells: RNA, free fatty acids, proteins, surface receptors and cytokines. Exos act as local and systemic intercellular communication medium, play significant roles in various biological functions, and regulate physiological and pathological processes in numerous diseases. Exos-based periodontitis diagnosis and treatment strategies have been reported to obtain the potential to overcome the drawbacks of traditional therapies. This review focuses on the accumulating evidence from the last 5 years, indicating the therapeutic potential of the Exos in preclinical and clinical studies of periodontitis. Recent advances on Exos-based periodontitis diagnosis and treatment strategies, existing challenges, and prospect are summarized as guidance to improve the effectiveness of Exos on periodontitis in clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbing Lin
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Huishan Chen
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuetao Zhao
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong Ding
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Yawei Wang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Chen
- Department of Periodontics, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University,, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510182, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Tian
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Peipei Zhang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqin Shen
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Periodontics, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University,, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510182, People's Republic of China.
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Heikkinen AM, Raivisto T, Räisänen I, Tervahartiala T, Bostanci N, Sorsa T. Implementing of aMMP‐8 point‐of‐care test with a modified new disease classification in Finnish adolescent cohorts. Clin Exp Dent Res 2022; 8:1142-1148. [PMID: 35676762 PMCID: PMC9562567 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Material and Methods Results Conclusions
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M. Heikkinen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases and Public Health University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Helsinki Finland
- Department of Dental Medicine Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology University of Tampere Tampere Finland
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Head and Neck Center University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Helsinki Finland
| | | | | | | | - Nagihan Bostanci
- Department of Dental Medicine Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Timo Sorsa
- Department of Dental Medicine Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
- Hameenlinna Kaupunki Hämeenlinna Finland
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Castro Dos Santos NC, Furukawa MV, Oliveira-Cardoso I, Cortelli JR, Feres M, Van Dyke T, Rovai ES. Does the use of omega-3 fatty acids as an adjunct to non-surgical periodontal therapy provide additional benefits in the treatment of periodontitis? A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Periodontal Res 2022; 57:435-447. [PMID: 35243637 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This review aimed to assess the impact of dietary omega-3 fatty acids as an adjunct to non-surgical periodontal treatment when compared with periodontal treatment alone on periodontal clinical parameters of periodontitis patients. We included only randomized clinical trials (RCTs) with at least 3-months follow-up of non-surgical periodontal therapy, in combination with dietary omega-3 fatty acids. The MEDLINE, EMBASE, and LILACS databases were searched for articles published up to October 2021. Random-effects meta-analyses were conducted to determine the change in clinical attachment level (CAL), probing pocket depth (PPD), bleeding on probing (BOP), and gingival index (GI) after therapy. Of the eight hundred eighty-four potentially relevant papers retrieved from the electronic databases, 10 RCTs were selected for qualitative analysis, and of these, 8 RCTs were included in meta-analysis. RCTs showed a significant PPD reduction/CAL gain associated with the use of omega-3 fatty acids. The pooled estimates revealed significant overall PPD reduction of 0.42 mm (95% CI 0.15, 0.68) and CAL gain 0.58 mm (95% CI 0.24, 0.92). In individuals with periodontitis, the use of omega-3 fatty acid dietary supplementation as an adjunct to non-surgical periodontal treatment can provide additional benefits in CAL gain and PPD reduction, compared with non-surgical periodontal treatment alone.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Monique V Furukawa
- Department of Dentistry, Periodontics Research Division, University of Taubaté, Taubaté, Brazil
| | | | - Jose Roberto Cortelli
- Department of Dentistry, Periodontics Research Division, University of Taubaté, Taubaté, Brazil
| | - Magda Feres
- Dental Research Division, Guarulhos University, Guarulhos, Brazil
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Thomas Van Dyke
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Emanuel S Rovai
- Department of Dentistry, Periodontics Research Division, University of Taubaté, Taubaté, Brazil
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Han X, Ren J, Lohner H, Yakoumatos L, Liang R, Wang H. SGK1 negatively regulates inflammatory immune responses and protects against alveolar bone loss through modulation of TRAF3 activity. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102036. [PMID: 35588785 PMCID: PMC9190018 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Serum- and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 1 (SGK1) is a serine/threonine kinase that plays important roles in the cellular stress response. While SGK1 has been reported to restrain inflammatory immune responses, the molecular mechanisms involved remain elusive, especially in oral bacteria-induced inflammatory milieu. Here, we found that SGK1 curtails Porphyromonas gingivalis-induced inflammatory responses through maintaining levels of tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor (TRAF) 3, thereby suppressing NF-κB signaling. Specifically, SGK1 inhibition significantly enhances production of proinflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, and IL-8 in P. gingivalis-stimulated innate immune cells. The results were confirmed with siRNA and LysM-Cre-mediated SGK1 KO mice. Moreover, SGK1 deletion robustly increased NF-κB activity and c-Jun expression but failed to alter the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways. Further mechanistic data revealed that SGK1 deletion elevates TRAF2 phosphorylation, leading to TRAF3 degradation in a proteasome-dependent manner. Importantly, siRNA-mediated traf3 silencing or c-Jun overexpression mimics the effect of SGK1 inhibition on P. gingivalis-induced inflammatory cytokines and NF-κB activation. In addition, using a P. gingivalis infection-induced periodontal bone loss model, we found that SGK1 inhibition modulates TRAF3 and c-Jun expression, aggravates inflammatory responses in gingival tissues, and exacerbates alveolar bone loss. Altogether, we demonstrated for the first time that SGK1 acts as a rheostat to limit P. gingivalis-induced inflammatory immune responses and mapped out a novel SGK1-TRAF2/3-c-Jun-NF-κB signaling axis. These findings provide novel insights into the anti-inflammatory molecular mechanisms of SGK1 and suggest novel interventional targets to inflammatory diseases relevant beyond the oral cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Han
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Molecular Biology, VCU Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Junling Ren
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Molecular Biology, VCU Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Hannah Lohner
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Molecular Biology, VCU Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Lan Yakoumatos
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Ruqiang Liang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Huizhi Wang
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Molecular Biology, VCU Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA.
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Chen JL, Tong Y, Zhu Q, Gao LQ, Sun Y. Neutrophil extracellular traps induced by Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide modulate inflammatory responses via a Ca2+-dependent pathway. Arch Oral Biol 2022; 141:105467. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2022.105467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Hiyoshi T, Domon H, Maekawa T, Tamura H, Isono T, Hirayama S, Sasagawa K, Takizawa F, Tabeta K, Terao Y. Neutrophil elastase aggravates periodontitis by disrupting gingival epithelial barrier via cleaving cell adhesion molecules. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8159. [PMID: 35581391 PMCID: PMC9114116 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12358-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil elastase (NE) functions as a host defense factor; however, excessive NE activity can potentially destroy human tissues. Although NE activity is positively correlated to gingival crevicular fluid and clinical attachment loss in periodontitis, the underlying mechanisms by which NE aggravates periodontitis remain elusive. In this study, we investigated how NE induces periodontitis severity and whether NE inhibitors were efficacious in periodontitis treatment. In a ligature-induced murine model of periodontitis, neutrophil recruitment, NE activity, and periodontal bone loss were increased in the periodontal tissue. Local administration of an NE inhibitor significantly decreased NE activity in periodontal tissue and attenuated periodontal bone loss. Furthermore, the transcription of proinflammatory cytokines in the gingiva, which was significantly upregulated in the model of periodontitis, was significantly downregulated by NE inhibitor injection. An in vitro study demonstrated that NE cleaved cell adhesion molecules, such as desmoglein 1, occludin, and E-cadherin, and induced exfoliation of the epithelial keratinous layer in three-dimensional human oral epithelial tissue models. The permeability of fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate-dextran or periodontal pathogen was significantly increased by NE treatment in the human gingival epithelial monolayer. These findings suggest that NE induces the disruption of the gingival epithelial barrier and bacterial invasion in periodontal tissues, aggravating periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Hiyoshi
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-5274, Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata-shi, Niigata, 951-8514, Japan.,Division of Periodontology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.,Center for Advanced Oral Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hisanori Domon
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-5274, Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata-shi, Niigata, 951-8514, Japan.,Center for Advanced Oral Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Tomoki Maekawa
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-5274, Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata-shi, Niigata, 951-8514, Japan.,Division of Periodontology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.,Center for Advanced Oral Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hikaru Tamura
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-5274, Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata-shi, Niigata, 951-8514, Japan.,Division of Periodontology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Toshihito Isono
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-5274, Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata-shi, Niigata, 951-8514, Japan
| | - Satoru Hirayama
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-5274, Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata-shi, Niigata, 951-8514, Japan
| | - Karin Sasagawa
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-5274, Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata-shi, Niigata, 951-8514, Japan.,Division of Periodontology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Fumio Takizawa
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-5274, Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata-shi, Niigata, 951-8514, Japan.,Division of Periodontology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Koichi Tabeta
- Division of Periodontology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yutaka Terao
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-5274, Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata-shi, Niigata, 951-8514, Japan. .,Center for Advanced Oral Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.
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Sirisereephap K, Maekawa T, Tamura H, Hiyoshi T, Domon H, Isono T, Terao Y, Maeda T, Tabeta K. Osteoimmunology in Periodontitis: Local Proteins and Compounds to Alleviate Periodontitis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105540. [PMID: 35628348 PMCID: PMC9146968 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is one of the most common oral diseases resulting in gingival inflammation and tooth loss. Growing evidence indicates that it results from dysbiosis of the oral microbiome, which interferes with the host immune system, leading to bone destruction. Immune cells activate periodontal ligament cells to express the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) ligand (RANKL) and promote osteoclast activity. Osteocytes have active roles in periodontitis progression in the bone matrix. Local proteins are involved in bone regeneration through functional immunological plasticity. Here, we discuss the current knowledge of cellular and molecular mechanisms in periodontitis, the roles of local proteins, and promising synthetic compounds generating a periodontal regeneration effect. It is anticipated that this may lead to a better perception of periodontitis pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kridtapat Sirisereephap
- Division of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8514, Japan; (K.S.); (H.T.); (K.T.)
- Center for Advanced Oral Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8514, Japan; (T.H.); (T.M.)
- Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Tomoki Maekawa
- Center for Advanced Oral Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8514, Japan; (T.H.); (T.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-25-227-2828
| | - Hikaru Tamura
- Division of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8514, Japan; (K.S.); (H.T.); (K.T.)
| | - Takumi Hiyoshi
- Center for Advanced Oral Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8514, Japan; (T.H.); (T.M.)
| | - Hisanori Domon
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Disease, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8514, Japan; (H.D.); (T.I.); (Y.T.)
| | - Toshihito Isono
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Disease, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8514, Japan; (H.D.); (T.I.); (Y.T.)
| | - Yutaka Terao
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Disease, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8514, Japan; (H.D.); (T.I.); (Y.T.)
| | - Takeyasu Maeda
- Center for Advanced Oral Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8514, Japan; (T.H.); (T.M.)
| | - Koichi Tabeta
- Division of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8514, Japan; (K.S.); (H.T.); (K.T.)
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Zhang J, Wang X, Lu R, Zou P, Zhan Y, Meng H. Preliminary study on the involvement of platelets in mouse experimental periodontitis. J Dent Sci 2022; 17:1494-1500. [PMID: 36299319 PMCID: PMC9588831 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2022.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/purpose Although some studies have taken an interest in the participation of platelets in periodontitis, so far, we know very little about the roles of platelets in periodontitis. The objective of this study is to explore the involvement of platelets in the development of experimental periodontitis in mice. Materials and methods Twenty C57BL/6 male mice were used for this study. Experimental periodontitis models of mice were constructed by ligating for 1, 3, 7, and 14 days, respectively. Morphological changes in the alveolar bone were assessed by micro-computed tomography (Micro-CT). The gingival crevicular fluid samples of ligation sites were collected and stained by immunocytochemistry. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect platelets infiltration in gingival tissues of mice. Results The results of Micro-CT showed that with the extension of ligation time, alveolar bone resorption increased, suggesting that the experimental periodontitis models were established. Immunochemical staining showed that there were almost no platelets in the gingival crevicular fluid of mice ligated for 1 and 3 days. And at 7 and 14 days of ligation, a large number of platelets were present in the gingival crevicular fluid and formed complexes with neutrophils. And with the extension of ligation time, the extent of platelet infiltration increased in mice gingival tissues. Conclusion Platelets were infiltrated increasedly in the gingival sulcus and gingival tissues following the experimental time, and may participate in the development of mouse experimental periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, PR China
- National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Beijing, PR China
- National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xian'e Wang
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, PR China
- National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Beijing, PR China
- National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing, PR China
| | - Ruifang Lu
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, PR China
- National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Beijing, PR China
- National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing, PR China
| | - Peihui Zou
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, PR China
- National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Beijing, PR China
- National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yalin Zhan
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, PR China
- National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Beijing, PR China
- First Clinical Division, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, PR China
- Corresponding author. First Clinical Division, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 37A Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, PR China.
| | - Huanxin Meng
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, PR China
- National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Beijing, PR China
- National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing, PR China
- Corresponding author. Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, No.22, Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, PR China.
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Chen Z, Huang Z, Zhao X, Zhou Y, Zhang P, Li Y. Transcriptome Analysis of Differentially Expressed Genes Involved in the Inflammageing Status of Gingiva in Aged Mice. Oral Dis 2022; 29:1757-1769. [PMID: 35472014 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify immune-inflammation-related genes related to susceptibility to periodontitis in the gingiva of aged mice with RNA sequencing. METHODS Gingival samples from 18-month-old, 8-week-old healthy mice and 8-week-old mice with periodontitis were taken for RNA-seq. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were validated with qRT-PCR using mouse and human gingival samples. RESULTS 977 (upregulated) and 1824 (downregulated) genes were identified in the old compared with the young mice. 14.2% were related to immune-inflammatory responses. This proportion of overlap (ageing and periodontitis)-DEGs was higher (48.4%). Enrichment analysis of overlap (ageing and periodontitis)-DEGs showed that the top five GO and KEGG terms were related to the immune-inflammatory responses, and disease analysis was more specific to periodontitis. The candidate genes of overlap (ageing and periodontitis)-DEGs selected by protein-protein interaction (PPI) network showed the higher match with clinical data sets. By qRT-PCR, nine candidate genes were identified as hub genes that are associated with susceptibility to periodontitis in the elderly, including CXCL3, CXCL5, CSF3, CSF3R, FPR1, IL1B, OSM, SERPINE1 and SELP. CONCLUSION Our studies provide insights into the mechanisms by which ageing affects the immune-inflammatory status of gingival tissues, thereby increasing the risk of periodontitis. It may become targets for future prevention of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Chen
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan
| | - Zimo Huang
- School of Computer Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Xiaowei Zhao
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan
| | - Yi Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Yuhong Li
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan
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Bergmeier LA, Dutzan N, Smith PC, Kraan H. Editorial: Immunology of the Oral Mucosa. Front Immunol 2022; 13:877209. [PMID: 35401502 PMCID: PMC8992007 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.877209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lesley Ann Bergmeier
- Centre for Immunobiology and Regenerative Medicine, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicolas Dutzan
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Patricio C Smith
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Heleen Kraan
- Institute for Translational Vaccinology, Intravacc, Bilthoven, Netherlands
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Oral Ulcers Resolution Using IL12/23 Blockade in an Infant with Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency Type 1. J Clin Immunol 2022; 42:907-909. [PMID: 35312910 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-022-01253-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Feng Y, Chen Z, Tu SQ, Wei JM, Hou YL, Kuang ZL, Kang XN, Ai H. Role of Interleukin-17A in the Pathomechanisms of Periodontitis and Related Systemic Chronic Inflammatory Diseases. Front Immunol 2022; 13:862415. [PMID: 35371044 PMCID: PMC8968732 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.862415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory and destructive disease caused by periodontal microbial infection and mediated by host immune response. As the main cause of loosening and loss of teeth in adults, it is considered to be one of the most common and serious oral diseases in the world. The co-existence of periodontitis and systemic chronic inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, inflammatory bowel disease, diabetes and so on is very common. It has been found that interleukin-17A (IL-17A) secreted by various innate and adaptive immune cells can activate a series of inflammatory cascade reactions, which mediates the occurrence and development of periodontitis and related systemic chronic inflammatory diseases. In this work, we review the role of IL-17A in the pathomechanisms of periodontitis and related systemic chronic inflammatory diseases, and briefly discuss the therapeutic potential of cytokine targeted agents that modulate the IL-17A signaling. A deep understanding of the possible molecular mechanisms in the relationship between periodontitis and systemic diseases will help dentists and physicians update their clinical diagnosis and treatment ideas.
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Novak T, Hamedi M, Bergmeier LA, Fortune F, Hagi-Pavli E. Saliva and Serum Cytokine Profiles During Oral Ulceration in Behçet's Disease. Front Immunol 2022; 12:724900. [PMID: 35003055 PMCID: PMC8727526 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.724900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Behçet's disease (BD) is a chronic, multi-systemic disorder of unknown aetiology typified by recurrent oral and genital mucocutaneous lesions, uveitis and vasculitis. Innate and adaptive immune system dysregulation has been implicated in pathogenesis with alterations in serum cytokine profiles. Few studies have investigated salivary cytokines in BD, despite more than 90% of BD patients first presenting with oral ulceration. The aim of this pilot study was twofold; firstly to investigate whether cytokine levels in matched serum and saliva samples show a differential profile in BD (with and without oral ulcers), recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) and healthy controls (HCs), and secondly, to explore if any differential profiles in serum and/or saliva could provide a panel of cytokines with diagnostic and therapeutic potential for BD. Concentrations of 12 cytokines (IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-17A, IFN-γ, TNF-α, TNF-β) were measured using the Human Th1/Th2 11-Plex FlowCytomix™ kit with IL-17A, in BD (N=20), RAS (N=6) and HCs (N=10). A differential range of cytokines was detected in serum and saliva with the majority of cytokine levels higher in saliva. The most prevalent salivary cytokines were IL-1β, IL-2, IL-8, IL-10 and TNF-α present in all samples in contrast to serum where the most prevalent cytokine detected was IL-8 (91.9%). The least abundant cytokine was IFN-γ in both saliva (43.2%) and serum (2.7%). After normalizing saliva for protein content, BD patients with oral ulcers (BD-MA) had significantly higher levels of salivary IL-1β (p=0.01), IL-8 (p=0.02), TNF-α (p=0.004) and IL-6 (p=0.01) than HCs. Notably, BD patients without oral ulcers (BD-MQ) also had significantly higher salivary IL-1β, IL-8 and TNF-α (p ≤ 0.05) than HCs. During relapsed (BD-RE) and quiet (BD-Q) systemic episodes, salivary IL-β and TNF-α were also significantly increased with IL-8 significantly higher only in BD-Q (p=0.02). BD oral ulcers signify a potential reactivation of systemic inflammation. Identifying cytokines released during asymptomatic episodes and oral ulceration might lead to targeted drug therapy to prevent recurrent oral ulcers and possible disease relapse. This is the first study to report salivary cytokine levels in BD. The detectable levels suggests cytokine profiling of BD saliva may provide an alternative, less invasive, sensitive procedure for frequent monitoring of disease activity and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya Novak
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Anesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Mojgan Hamedi
- Centre for Oral Immunobiology and Regenerative Medicine, Barts and The London School, of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lesley Ann Bergmeier
- Centre for Oral Immunobiology and Regenerative Medicine, Barts and The London School, of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Farida Fortune
- Centre for Oral Immunobiology and Regenerative Medicine, Barts and The London School, of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eleni Hagi-Pavli
- Centre for Oral Immunobiology and Regenerative Medicine, Barts and The London School, of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
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Gao X, Jiang C, Yao S, Ma L, Wang X, Cao Z. Identification of hub genes related to immune cell infiltration in periodontitis using integrated bioinformatic analysis. J Periodontal Res 2022; 57:392-401. [PMID: 34993975 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease of the periodontium. However, the hub genes in periodontitis and their correlation with immune cells are not clear. This study aimed to identify hub genes and immune infiltration properties in periodontitis and to explore the correlation between hub genes and immune cells. MATERIAL AND METHODS Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) analysis and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) were performed both on GSE10334 and GSE173078 datasets. Hub genes were identified via WGCNA and DEGs. The proportions of infiltrating immune cells were calculated by CIBERSORT algorithm, and single-cell RNA-sequencing dataset GSE164241 was used to explore cell-type-specific expression profiles of hub genes. RESULTS Eight hub genes (DERL3, FKBP11, LAX1, CD27, SPAG4, ST6GAL1, MZB1, and SEL1L3) were selected via WGCNA and DEGs by combining GSE10334 and GSE173078 datasets. CIBERSORT analysis showed a significant difference in the proportion of B cells, dendritic cells resting, and neutrophils in the gingival tissues between healthy and periodontitis patients, and expressions of these genes were highly correlated with the infiltration of B cells in periodontitis. Furthermore, real-time quantitative PCR results further confirmed the overexpression of hub genes. Analysis of GSE164241dataset further identified that most of hub genes were mainly expressed in B cells. CONCLUSIONS By integrating WGCNA, DEGs, and CIBERSORT analysis, eight genes were identified to be the hub genes of periodontitis and most of them were mainly expressed in B cells encouraging further researches on B cells in periodontitis pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Gao
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST KLOS) & Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education (KLOBME), School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chenxi Jiang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST KLOS) & Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education (KLOBME), School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Siqi Yao
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST KLOS) & Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education (KLOBME), School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Ma
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST KLOS) & Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education (KLOBME), School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Wang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST KLOS) & Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education (KLOBME), School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Periodontology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhengguo Cao
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST KLOS) & Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education (KLOBME), School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Periodontology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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71
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Zhou Z, Xi R, Liu J, Peng X, Zhao L, Zhou X, Li J, Zheng X, Xu X. TAS2R16 Activation Suppresses LPS-Induced Cytokine Expression in Human Gingival Fibroblasts. Front Immunol 2022; 12:726546. [PMID: 34975834 PMCID: PMC8714777 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.726546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Sustained and non-resolved inflammation is a characteristic of periodontitis. Upon acute inflammation, gingival fibroblasts release cytokines to recruit immune cells to counter environmental stimuli. The intricate regulation of pro-inflammatory signaling pathways, such as NF-κB, is necessary to maintain periodontal homeostasis. Nonetheless, how inflammation is resolved has not yet been elucidated. In this study, 22 subtypes of taste receptor family 2 (TAS2Rs), as well as the downstream machineries of Gα-gustducin and phospholipase C-β2 (PLCβ2), were identified in human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs). Various bitter agonists could induce an intensive cytosolic Ca2+ response in HGFs. More importantly, TAS2R16 was expressed at a relatively high level, and its agonist, salicin, showed robust Ca2+ evocative effects in HGFs. Activation of TAS2R16 signaling by salicin inhibited the release of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines, at least in part, by repressing LPS-induced intracellular cAMP elevation and NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation in HGFs. These findings indicate that TAS2Rs activation in HGFs may mediate endogenous pro-inflammation resolution by antagonizing NF-κB signaling, providing a novel paradigm and treatment target for the better management of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ranhui Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiaxin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xian Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Periodontology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuedong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiyao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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72
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Chen J, Yang Y, Liu B, Xie X, Li W. Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome type 2: A rare cause of severe periodontitis in adolescents-A case study. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:914243. [PMID: 35928686 PMCID: PMC9343695 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.914243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by oculocutaneous albinism (OCA) and platelet storage pool deficiency. The HPS-2 subtype is distinguished by neutropenia, and little is known about its periodontal phenotype in adolescents. AP3B1 is the causative gene for HPS-2. A 13-year-old Chinese girl presented to our department suffering from gingival bleeding and tooth mobility. Her dental history was otherwise unremarkable. Suspecting some systemic diseases as the underlying cause, the patient was referred for medical consultation, a series of blood tests, and genetic tests. In this case study, periodontal status and mutation screening of one HPS-2 case are presented. METHODS Blood analysis including a complete blood count (CBC) and glycated hemoglobin levels were measured. Platelet transmission electron microscopy (PTEM) was performed to observe the dense granules in platelets. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) and Sanger sequencing were performed to confirm the pathogenic variants. RESULTS A medical diagnosis of HPS-2 was assigned to the patient. Following the medical diagnosis, a periodontal diagnosis of "periodontitis as a manifestation of systemic disease" was assigned to the patient. We identified novel compound heterozygous variants in AP3B1 (NM_003664.4: exon7: c.763C>T: p.Q255*) and (NM_003664.4: exon1: c.53_56dup: p.E19Dfs*21) in this Chinese pedigree with HPS-2. CONCLUSION This case study indicates the importance of periodontitis as a possible indicator of underlying systemic disease. Systemic disease screening is needed when a young patient presents with unusual, severe periodontitis, as the oral condition may be the first of a systemic abnormality. Our work also expands the spectrum of AP3B1 mutations and further provides additional genetic testing information for other HPS-2 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Chen
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Oral Health Research, Hunan 3D Printing Engineering Research Center of Oral Care, Hunan Clinical Research Center of Oral Major Diseases and Oral Health, Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Periodontics, Xiangya Stomatological Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yifan Yang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Oral Health Research, Hunan 3D Printing Engineering Research Center of Oral Care, Hunan Clinical Research Center of Oral Major Diseases and Oral Health, Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Binjie Liu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Oral Health Research, Hunan 3D Printing Engineering Research Center of Oral Care, Hunan Clinical Research Center of Oral Major Diseases and Oral Health, Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Periodontics, Xiangya Stomatological Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoli Xie
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Oral Health Research, Hunan 3D Printing Engineering Research Center of Oral Care, Hunan Clinical Research Center of Oral Major Diseases and Oral Health, Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wenjie Li
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Oral Health Research, Hunan 3D Printing Engineering Research Center of Oral Care, Hunan Clinical Research Center of Oral Major Diseases and Oral Health, Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Deparment of Orthodontics, Xiangya Stomatological Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Oral Health Science, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
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73
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Kakade P, Zope SA, Suragimath G, Varma S, Kale A, Mashalkar V. Effect of Non-Surgical Periodontal Therapy (NSPT) on Salivary Glutathione Reductase (GR) in Smokers And Periodontitis Subjects. ANNALS OF DENTAL SPECIALTY 2022. [DOI: 10.51847/wzghl73bwk] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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74
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Kim AR, Bak EJ, Yoo YJ. Distribution of neutrophil and monocyte/macrophage populations induced by the CXCR4 inhibitor AMD3100 in blood and periodontal tissue early after periodontitis induction. J Periodontal Res 2021; 57:332-340. [PMID: 34927238 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
CXCR4, a CXCL12 receptor, is expressed on epithelial cells, fibroblasts, and inflammatory cells. The CXCR4-CXCL12 interaction is related to the migration of neutrophils and monocytes/macrophages. Periodontitis, an inflammatory disease mainly caused by gram-negative bacteria, is characterized by infiltration of circulating inflammatory cells and alveolar bone (AB) loss. To investigate whether CXCR4 is involved in the distribution of neutrophils and monocytes/macrophages early after periodontitis induction, we examined the effects of AMD3100 (AMD), a CXCR4 antagonist, in ligature-induced periodontitis mice and LPS-injected air pouch mice. The periodontitis study was accomplished in control (C), periodontitis (P), and P + AMD groups. Periodontitis was induced by ligation of the mandibular first molar. AMD was intraperitoneally administered daily beginning the day before ligation until sacrifice on the third day after ligation. The air pouch study was accomplished in C, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and LPS + AMD groups. Air pouches on mice backs were formed by subcutaneous injection of sterilized air. AMD was administered and then LPS was injected into the air pouch. For the detection of neutrophils and monocytes/macrophages in blood and air pouch exudates, flow cytometry was performed with anti-Ly6G/anti-CD11b antibodies (Abs) and anti-CD115 Ab, respectively. In periodontal tissue, Ly6G+ cells and CD115+ cells were counted by immunohistological analysis. AB loss was estimated by the periodontal ligament area in the furcation. In the periodontitis study, the P group showed higher numbers of Ly6G+ cells and CD115+ cells in blood and periodontal tissue than the C group. The P + AMD group showed a greater number of Ly6G+ cells and CD115+ cells in blood, but not in periodontal tissue compared to the P group. There was no difference in AB loss between the P and P + AMD groups. In the air pouch study, the LPS group had higher levels of Ly6G+ CD11b+ cells and CD115+ cells in both blood and exudates than the C group. The number of these cells in the LPS + AMD group was higher in blood than in the LPS group, but not in the exudates. The CXCR4 antagonist further increased neutrophil and monocyte/macrophage populations in the blood, but did not alter the levels in the periodontal tissue and exudates in mice with periodontitis and LPS-injected air pouches. These results suggest that during inflammatory conditions such as periodontitis, CXCR4 is involved in the distribution of neutrophils and monocytes/macrophages in the blood, but not in inflamed peripheral tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ae Ri Kim
- Department of Oral Biology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Applied Life Science, The Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.,BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun-Jung Bak
- Department of Oral Biology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yun-Jung Yoo
- Department of Oral Biology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, South Korea
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75
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Yang B, Pang X, Li Z, Chen Z, Wang Y. Immunomodulation in the Treatment of Periodontitis: Progress and Perspectives. Front Immunol 2021; 12:781378. [PMID: 34868054 PMCID: PMC8640126 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.781378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is one of the most common dental diseases. Compared with healthy periodontal tissues, the immune microenvironment plays the key role in periodontitis by allowing the invasion of pathogens. It is possible that modulating the immune microenvironment can supplement traditional treatments and may even promote periodontal regeneration by using stem cells, bacteria, etc. New anti-inflammatory therapies can enhance the generation of a viable local immune microenvironment and promote cell homing and tissue formation, thereby achieving higher levels of immune regulation and tissue repair. We screened recent studies to summarize the advances of the immunomodulatory treatments for periodontitis in the aspects of drug therapy, microbial therapy, stem cell therapy, gene therapy and other therapies. In addition, we included the changes of immune cells and cytokines in the immune microenvironment of periodontitis in the section of drug therapy so as to make it clearer how the treatments took effects accordingly. In the future, more research needs to be done to improve immunotherapy methods and understand the risks and long-term efficacy of these methods in periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China.,Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuefei Pang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China.,Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhipeng Li
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China.,Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhuofan Chen
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China.,Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China.,Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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76
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Jia X, Yang R, Li J, Zhao L, Zhou X, Xu X. Gut-Bone Axis: A Non-Negligible Contributor to Periodontitis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:752708. [PMID: 34869062 PMCID: PMC8637199 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.752708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a polymicrobial infectious disease characterized by alveolar bone loss. Systemic diseases or local infections, such as diabetes, postmenopausal osteoporosis, obesity, and inflammatory bowel disease, promote the development and progression of periodontitis. Accumulating evidences have revealed the pivotal effects of gut microbiota on bone health via gut-alveolar-bone axis. Gut pathogens or metabolites may translocate to distant alveolar bone via circulation and regulate bone homeostasis. In addition, gut pathogens can induce aberrant gut immune responses and subsequent homing of immunocytes to distant organs, contributing to pathological bone loss. Gut microbial translocation also enhances systemic inflammation and induces trained myelopoiesis in the bone marrow, which potentially aggravates periodontitis. Furthermore, gut microbiota possibly affects bone health via regulating the production of hormone or hormone-like substances. In this review, we discussed the links between gut microbiota and periodontitis, with a particular focus on the underlying mechanisms of gut-bone axis by which systemic diseases or local infections contribute to the pathogenesis of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyue Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ran Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiyao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Periodontology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuedong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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77
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Li N, Fu L, Li Z, Ke Y, Wang Y, Wu J, Yu J. The Role of Immune Microenvironment in Maxillofacial Bone Homeostasis. FRONTIERS IN DENTAL MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fdmed.2021.780973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Maxillofacial bone defects are common medical problems caused by congenital defects, necrosis, trauma, tumor, inflammation, and fractures non-union. Maxillofacial bone defects often need bone graft, which has many difficulties, such as limited autogenous bone supply and donor site morbidity. Bone tissue engineering is a promising strategy to overcome the above-mentioned problems. Osteoimmunology is the inter-discipline that focuses on the relationship between the skeletal and immune systems. The immune microenvironment plays a crucial role in bone healing, tissue repair and regeneration in maxillofacial region. Recent studies have revealed the vital role of immune microenvironment and bone homeostasis. In this study, we analyzed the complex interaction between immune microenvironment and bone regeneration process in oral and maxillofacial region, which will be important to improve the clinical outcome of the bone injury treatment.
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78
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Martínez-García M, Hernández-Lemus E. Periodontal Inflammation and Systemic Diseases: An Overview. Front Physiol 2021; 12:709438. [PMID: 34776994 PMCID: PMC8578868 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.709438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a common inflammatory disease of infectious origins that often evolves into a chronic condition. Aside from its importance as a stomatologic ailment, chronic periodontitis has gained relevance since it has been shown that it can develop into a systemic condition characterized by unresolved hyper-inflammation, disruption of the innate and adaptive immune system, dysbiosis of the oral, gut and other location's microbiota and other system-wide alterations that may cause, coexist or aggravate other health issues associated to elevated morbi-mortality. The relationships between the infectious, immune, inflammatory, and systemic features of periodontitis and its many related diseases are far from being fully understood and are indeed still debated. However, to date, a large body of evidence on the different biological, clinical, and policy-enabling sources of information, is available. The aim of the present work is to summarize many of these sources of information and contextualize them under a systemic inflammation framework that may set the basis to an integral vision, useful for basic, clinical, and therapeutic goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireya Martínez-García
- Sociomedical Research Unit, National Institute of Cardiology "Ignacio Chávez", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Enrique Hernández-Lemus
- Computational Genomics Division, National Institute of Genomic Medicine (INMEGEN), Mexico City, Mexico.,Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mèxico, Mexico City, Mexico
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79
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Wu D, Weng Y, Feng Y, Liang B, Wang H, Li L, Wang Z. Trem1 Induces Periodontal Inflammation via Regulating M1 Polarization. J Dent Res 2021; 101:437-447. [PMID: 34719965 DOI: 10.1177/00220345211044681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory condition characterized by destruction of nonmineralized and mineralized connective tissues. This study evaluated the role of Trem1 (triggering receptors expressed on myeloid cells 1) in periodontitis by influencing polarization of M1 macrophages through the STAT3/HIF-1α signaling pathway. Trem1 was significantly upregulated in the gingival tissues of patients with periodontitis, as identified by high-throughput RNA sequencing, and positively correlated with levels of M1 macrophage-associated genes. The results of flow cytometry, Western blotting, and reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction showed that knockdown of Trem1 in RAW 264.7 cells decreased polarization of M1 macrophages and increased polarization of M2 macrophages, while overexpression of Trem1 exerted an opposite effect. Furthermore, a mouse model of Trem1 knockout periodontitis exhibited limited infiltration of macrophages and decreased expression levels of M1 macrophage-associated genes in periodontitis lesions and bone marrow-derived macrophages. Importantly, we found that Trem1 could regulate polarization of M1 macrophages through STAT3/HIF-1α signaling as evidenced by RNA sequencing. Moreover, inhibition of Trem1 and HIF-1α could suppress the expression level of proinflammatory cytokine (interleukin 1β) and upregulate the expression level of anti-inflammatory cytokine (interleukin 10) in periodontitis. Collectively, we identified that the Trem1/STAT3/HIF-1α axis could regulate polarization of M1 macrophages and is a potential candidate in the treatment of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Wu
- Department of Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - Y Weng
- Department of Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - Y Feng
- Department of Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - B Liang
- Department of Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - H Wang
- Department of Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - L Li
- Department of Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - Z Wang
- Department of Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
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80
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Tsai KZ, Su FY, Cheng WC, Lin YP, Lin GM. Association between hepatic and systemic inflammation and localized stage II/III periodontitis in young males: The CHIEF Oral Health study. J Clin Periodontol 2021; 49:458-466. [PMID: 34611936 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AIM To clarify the role of systemic inflammation in the associations between hepatic inflammation and localized periodontitis, which were conflicting among races. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study included 1112 military personnel (males), aged 18-40 years, in Taiwan. Localized periodontitis was classified into healthy/stage I (n = 796) and stage II/III (n = 316) according to the 2017 criteria. Systemic and hepatic inflammation were defined by the greatest tertiles of blood leukocyte counts (7.51 × 103 /μl) and alanine aminotransferase (30 U/L), respectively. Multiple logistic regression analysis with adjustments for age, metabolic syndrome, betel nut consumption, and smoking were utilized to determine the associations. RESULTS There was a significant association between having a high systemic inflammation, whatever the hepatic inflammation severity, and the risk of having a localized stage II/III periodontitis (odds ratio [OR]: 1.62 [1.09-2.42] and 1.47 [1.00-2.15], respectively, for the presence of a high hepatic inflammation or not). However, no significant association was found among participants with low systemic inflammation, whatever the hepatic inflammation severity (OR: 1.31 [0.91-1.91]). CONCLUSIONS An association between hepatic inflammation and localized periodontitis in Taiwanese was observed only if systemic inflammation co-existed, possibly accounting for the racial difference in the association significantly reported in Japanese but not in non-Asian populations in prior studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Zhe Tsai
- Department of Medicine, Hualien Armed Forces General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Dental Science, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Dentistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Ying Su
- Institute of Statistics, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu City, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Chien Cheng
- Department of Dentistry, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Dental Science, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Dentistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Biotechnology R&D Center, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsinchu Branch, Hsinchu County, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Po Lin
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Taipei Tzu-Chi Hospital, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Gen-Min Lin
- Department of Medicine, Hualien Armed Forces General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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81
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Decker AM, Kapila YL, Wang HL. The psychobiological links between chronic stress-related diseases, periodontal/peri-implant diseases, and wound healing. Periodontol 2000 2021; 87:94-106. [PMID: 34463997 PMCID: PMC8459609 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Chronic stress is a relevant disease to periodontal practice, encompassing 25%-28% of the US population (American Psychological Association 2015). While it is well established that chronic psychologic stress can have significant deleterious systemic effects, only in recent decades have we begun to explore the biochemical, microbial, and physiologic impacts of chronic stress diseases on oral tissues. Currently, chronic stress is classified as a "risk indicator" for periodontal disease. However, as the evidence in this field matures with additional clinically controlled trials, more homogeneous data collection methods, and a better grasp of the biologic underpinnings of stress-mediated dysbiosis, emerging evidence suggests that chronic stress and related diseases (depression, anxiety) may be significant contributing factors in periodontal/peri-implant disease progression and inconsistent wound healing following periodontal-related therapeutics. Ideal solutions for these patients include classification of the disease process and de-escalation of chronic stress conditions through coping strategies. This paper also summarizes periodontal/implant-related therapeutic approaches to ensure predictable results for this specific patient subpopulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann M Decker
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Yvonne L Kapila
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California San Francisco School of Dentistry, San Francisco, California
| | - Hom-Lay Wang
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Yang L, Ge Q, Ye Z, Wang L, Wang L, Mashrah MA, Pathak JL. Sulfonylureas for Treatment of Periodontitis-Diabetes Comorbidity-Related Complications: Killing Two Birds With One Stone. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:728458. [PMID: 34539410 PMCID: PMC8440798 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.728458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is one of the most prevalent oral inflammatory diseases leading to teeth loss and oral health problems in adults. Periodontitis mainly affects periodontal tissue by affecting the host immune system and bone homeostasis. Moreover, periodontitis is associated with various systemic diseases. Diabetes is a metabolic disease with systemic effects. Both periodontitis and diabetes are common inflammatory diseases, and comorbidity of two diseases is linked to exacerbation of the pathophysiology of both diseases. Since bacterial dysbiosis is mainly responsible for periodontitis, antibiotics are widely used drugs to treat periodontitis in clinics. However, the outcomes of antibiotic treatments in periodontitis are not satisfactory. Therefore, the application of anti-inflammatory drugs in combination with antibiotics could be a treatment option for periodontitis-diabetes comorbidity. Anti-diabetic drugs usually have anti-inflammatory properties and have shown beneficial effects on periodontitis. Sulfonylureas, insulin secretagogues, are the earliest and most widely used oral hypoglycemic drugs used for type-2 diabetes. Studies have found that sulfonylurea drugs can play a certain role in the mitigation of periodontitis and inflammation. This article reviews the effects of sulfonylurea drugs on the mitigation of periodontitis-diabetes comorbidity-related inflammation, bone loss, and vascular growth as well as the involved molecular mechanisms. We discuss the possibility of a new application of sulfonylureas (old drug) to treat periodontitis-diabetes comorbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luxi Yang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing Ge
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhitong Ye
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lijing Wang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Vascular Biology Research Institute, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liping Wang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mubarak Ahmed Mashrah
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Janak L Pathak
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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83
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Johnstone KF, Wei Y, Bittner-Eddy PD, Vreeman GW, Stone IA, Clayton JB, Reilly CS, Walbon TB, Wright EN, Hoops SL, Boyle WS, Costalonga M, Herzberg MC. Calprotectin (S100A8/A9) Is an Innate Immune Effector in Experimental Periodontitis. Infect Immun 2021; 89:e0012221. [PMID: 34097505 PMCID: PMC8445179 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00122-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Upregulated in inflammation, calprotectin (complexed S100A8 and S100A9; S100A8/A9) functions as an innate immune effector molecule, promoting inflammation, and also as an antimicrobial protein. We hypothesized that antimicrobial S100A8/A9 would mitigate change to the local microbial community and promote resistance to experimental periodontitis in vivo. To test this hypothesis, S100A9-/- and wild-type (WT; S100A9+/+) C57BL/6 mice were compared using a model of ligature-induced periodontitis. On day 2, WT mice showed fewer infiltrating innate immune cells than S100A9-/- mice; by day 5, the immune cell numbers were similar. At 5 days post ligature placement, oral microbial communities sampled with swabs differed significantly in beta diversity between the mouse genotypes. Ligatures recovered from molar teeth of S100A9-/- and WT mice contained significantly dissimilar microbial genera from each other and the overall oral communities from swabs. Concomitantly, the S100A9-/- mice had significantly greater alveolar bone loss than WT mice around molar teeth in ligated sites. When the oral microflora was ablated by antibiotic pretreatment, differences disappeared between WT and S100A9-/- mice in their immune cell infiltrates and alveolar bone loss. Calprotectin, therefore, suppresses emergence of a dysbiotic, proinflammatory oral microbial community, which reduces innate immune effector activity, including early recruitment of innate immune cells, mitigating subsequent alveolar bone loss and protecting against experimental periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen F. Johnstone
- Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Yuping Wei
- Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Peter D. Bittner-Eddy
- Department of Developmental and Surgical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Gerrit W. Vreeman
- Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Ian A. Stone
- Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jonathan B. Clayton
- BioTechnology Institute, Computer Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Cavan S. Reilly
- Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Travis B. Walbon
- Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Elisa N. Wright
- Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Susan L. Hoops
- BioTechnology Institute, Computer Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - William S. Boyle
- Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Massimo Costalonga
- Department of Developmental and Surgical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Mark C. Herzberg
- Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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84
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Liu Y, Xia H, Xia G, Lin S, Guo L, Liu Y. The effect of an isoquinoline alkaloid on treatment of periodontitis by regulating the neutrophils chemotaxis. J Leukoc Biol 2021; 110:475-484. [PMID: 34184309 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3ma0321-736r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil plays a critical role in the progression of periodontitis. In general, its chemotaxis and activation are benefit for the host defense of bacterial infection and inflammation. However, previous studies have reported that the hyperactive and reactive neutrophils appear to be one of the reasons for tissue destruction in periodontitis tissues. In this study, we investigated an isoquinoline alkaloid Litcubanine A (LA), which from the Traditional Chinese medicinal plant, Litsea cubeba. We found LA showed significant activity in inhibiting neutrophils chemotaxis in the zebrafish yolk sac microinjection model in vivo and in mouse neutrophils in vitro. Further investigation proved that LA could inhibit the expression levels of neutrophil respiratory burst-related and inflammation-related genes CYBB and NCF2, as well as inhibit the activation of MAPK signaling pathway. Moreover, using LA, we successfully achieved the effect of reducing periodontitis bone loss by regulating neutrophil chemotaxis and related functions in a mouse ligature-induced periodontitis model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yitong Liu
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Huan Xia
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Guiyang Xia
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Sheng Lin
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lijia Guo
- Department of Orthodontics School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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85
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Ma R, Xie X, Zhao L, Wu Y, Wang J. Discoidin domain receptors (DDRs): Potential implications in periodontitis. J Cell Physiol 2021; 237:189-198. [PMID: 34431091 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease leading to the destruction of periodontal tissues associated with high prevalence and significant economic burden. As special collagen-binding tyrosine kinase receptors, the discoidin domain receptors (DDRs) can control cell migration, adhesion, proliferation, and extracellular matrix remodeling. DDRs are constitutively expressed and widely distributed in periodontal tissues which are rich in collagen. Ddr1/2 knockout mice showed significant periodontal defects including connective tissue destruction, alveolar bone loss, and even tooth loss. It has been demonstrated that bone homeostasis, inflammation, matrix metalloproteinases, and autophagy are crucial characteristics involved in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. Of note, DDRs have been reported to participate in the above pathophysiological processes, implicating the potential roles of DDRs in periodontitis. In this review article, we aim to illustrate the possible roles of DDRs in periodontitis in an attempt to explore their potential value as therapeutic targets for periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xudong Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yafei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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86
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Tang H, Yuan S, Chen T, Ji P. Development of an immune-related lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA network based on competing endogenous RNA in periodontitis. J Clin Periodontol 2021; 48:1470-1479. [PMID: 34409632 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIM To explore the relationship between long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and immune response and to construct an immune-related competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network in periodontitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Gene expression profiles in gingival tissues were acquired from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Bioinformatic analysis was performed to establish an immune-related ceRNA network. Subsequently, functional enrichment analysis was performed to detect the biological processes in which the ceRNA network might be involved. RESULTS A combined classification model involving seven lncRNAs was constructed. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed satisfactory classification ability of the established model. Further analysis revealed that the screened lncRNAs were significantly correlated with patient immunity. Finally, an immune-related ceRNA network was constructed based on the lncRNA MIAT, miR-1246, miR-1260b, miR-3652, miR-4286, and 27 mRNAs. Accordingly, functional enrichment analysis demonstrated that this network is closely related to the proliferation, differentiation, and activation of B cells. CONCLUSIONS The lncRNA MIAT and the MIAT-based ceRNA network may be instrumental in regulating the immune response, especially of B cells, during the progression of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Tang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shuai Yuan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ping Ji
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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87
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Frasheri I, Heym R, Ern C, Summer B, Hennessen TG, Högg C, Reichl FX, Folwaczny M. Salivary and gingival CXCL8 correlation with periodontal status, periodontal pathogens and smoking. Oral Dis 2021; 28:2267-2276. [PMID: 34388304 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Neutrophil granulocytes have been proposed to play a major role in the mediation of periodontitis-associated tissue destruction. Their recruitment and activation are regulated by the chemokine CXCL8. This study aimed to delineate the dependency of CXCL8-expression in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and saliva on periodontal status, bacterial infection and smoking, in patients with periodontitis. METHODS The study cohort comprised 279 subjects with untreated periodontitis. Probing pocket depth (PPD), gingival recession, bleeding on probing (BOP), plaque index, and bone loss were evaluated. CXCL8 was determined in saliva and GCF using flow cytometry. RESULTS Considering the entire study sample, CXCL8 levels were correlated with the mean PPD (ρ=0.131; p=0.029), severity of periodontitis (ρ=0.121; p=0.043), BOP (ρ=0.204; p=0.001) and smoking (ρ=-0.219; p<0.0001) in GCF; and, in whole saliva, with mean PPD (ρ=0.154; p=0.010) severity of periodontitis (ρ=0.140; p=0.020), gender (ρ=0.178; p=0.003) and smoking (ρ=-0.156; p=0.010). Subgroup analysis among non-smokers revealed significantly higher amounts of CXCL8 in GCF (p=0.012) and saliva (p=0.026) comparing subjects with mean PPD ≤3mm and >3mm. CONCLUSION The current study revealed a strong dependency of CXCL8-expression in GCF on the severity and activity of periodontal disease. Smoking causes a significant reduction of CXCL8-expression in saliva and GCF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Frasheri
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Richard Heym
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Christina Ern
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Burkhard Summer
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Till G Hennessen
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Christof Högg
- Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Franz-Xaver Reichl
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany.,Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Folwaczny
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany
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88
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Zubeidat K, Hovav AH. Shaped by the epithelium - postnatal immune mechanisms of oral homeostasis. Trends Immunol 2021; 42:622-634. [PMID: 34083119 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2021.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The first encounter of mucosal barriers with the microbiota initiates host-microbiota feedback loops instructing the tailored development of both the immune system and microbiota at each mucosal site. Once established, balanced immunological interactions enable symbiotic relationships with the microbiota in adult life. This process has been extensively investigated in the mammalian monolayer epithelium-covered intestine and lung mucosae; however, the postnatal mechanisms engaged by the oral mucosa to establish homeostasis are currently being discovered. Here, we discuss the early life dialogue between the oral mucosa and the microbiota, with particular emphasis on the central role the multilayer epithelium plays to protect the oral mucosa. These intricate and unique postnatal immunological processes shape oral homeostasis, which can potentially affect buccal and systemic health in adult life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Zubeidat
- The Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Avi-Hai Hovav
- The Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel.
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89
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Machado V, Botelho J, Viana J, Pereira P, Lopes LB, Proença L, Delgado AS, Mendes JJ. Association between Dietary Inflammatory Index and Periodontitis: A Cross-Sectional and Mediation Analysis. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13041194. [PMID: 33916342 PMCID: PMC8066166 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation-modulating elements are recognized periodontitis (PD) risk factors, nevertheless, the association between dietary inflammatory index (DII) and PD has never been appraised. We aimed to assess the association between DII and PD and the mediation effect of DII in the association of PD with systemic inflammation. Using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2009–2010, 2011–2012 and 2013–2014, participants who received periodontal exam and provided dietary recall data were included. The inflammatory potential of diet was calculated via DII. PD was defined according to the 2012 case definition. White blood cells (WBC), segmented neutrophils and C-reactive protein (CRP) were used as proxies for systemic inflammation. The periodontal measures were regressed across DII values using adjusted multivariate linear regression and adjusted mediation analysis. Overall, 10,178 participants were included. DII was significantly correlated with mean periodontal probing depth (PPD), mean clinical attachment loss (CAL), thresholds of PPD and CAL, WBC, segmented neutrophils and DII (p < 0.01). A linear regression logistic adjusted for multiple confounding variables confirmed the association between DII and mean PPD (B = 0.02, Standard Error [SE]: 0.02, p < 0.001) and CAL (B = −0.02, SE: 0.01, p < 0.001). The association of mean PPD and mean CAL with both WBC and segmented neutrophils were mediated by DII (from 2.1 to 3.5%, p < 0.001). In the 2009–2010 subset, the association of mean CAL with serum CRP was mediated by DII (52.0%, p < 0.01). Inflammatory diet and PD may be associated. Also, the inflammatory diet significantly mediated the association of leukocyte counts and systemic inflammation with PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Machado
- Clinical Research Unit (CRU), Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Egas Moniz–Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal; (V.M.); (J.V.); (L.B.L.); (A.S.D.); (J.J.M.)
- Evidence-Based Hub, Clinical Research Unit, Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal;
| | - João Botelho
- Clinical Research Unit (CRU), Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Egas Moniz–Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal; (V.M.); (J.V.); (L.B.L.); (A.S.D.); (J.J.M.)
- Evidence-Based Hub, Clinical Research Unit, Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-212-946-800
| | - João Viana
- Clinical Research Unit (CRU), Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Egas Moniz–Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal; (V.M.); (J.V.); (L.B.L.); (A.S.D.); (J.J.M.)
| | - Paula Pereira
- Grupo de Estudos em Nutrição Aplicada (GENA), CiiEM, Egas Moniz–Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal;
| | - Luísa Bandeira Lopes
- Clinical Research Unit (CRU), Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Egas Moniz–Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal; (V.M.); (J.V.); (L.B.L.); (A.S.D.); (J.J.M.)
| | - Luís Proença
- Evidence-Based Hub, Clinical Research Unit, Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal;
- Quantitative Methods for Health Research (MQIS), CiiEM, Egas Moniz–Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal
| | - Ana Sintra Delgado
- Clinical Research Unit (CRU), Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Egas Moniz–Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal; (V.M.); (J.V.); (L.B.L.); (A.S.D.); (J.J.M.)
| | - José João Mendes
- Clinical Research Unit (CRU), Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Egas Moniz–Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal; (V.M.); (J.V.); (L.B.L.); (A.S.D.); (J.J.M.)
- Evidence-Based Hub, Clinical Research Unit, Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal;
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90
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Jiang Q, Zhao Y, Shui Y, Zhou X, Cheng L, Ren B, Chen Z, Li M. Interactions Between Neutrophils and Periodontal Pathogens in Late-Onset Periodontitis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:627328. [PMID: 33777839 PMCID: PMC7994856 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.627328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Late-onset periodontitis is associated with a series of inflammatory reactions induced by periodontal pathogens, such as Porphyromonas gingivalis, a keystone pathogen involved in periodontitis. Neutrophils are the most abundant leukocytes in the periodontal pocket/gingival crevice and inflamed periodontal tissues. They form a “wall” between the dental plaque and the junctional epithelium, preventing microbial invasion. The balance between neutrophils and the microbial community is essential to periodontal homeostasis. Excessive activation of neutrophils in response to periodontal pathogens can induce tissue damage and lead to periodontitis persistence. Therefore, illuminating the interactions between neutrophils and periodontal pathogens is critical for progress in the field of periodontitis. The present review aimed to summarize the interactions between neutrophils and periodontal pathogens in late-onset periodontitis, including neutrophil recruitment, neutrophil mechanisms to clear the pathogens, and pathogen strategies to evade neutrophil-mediated elimination of bacteria. The recruitment is a multi-step process, including tethering and rolling, adhesion, crawling, and transmigration. Neutrophils clear the pathogens mainly by phagocytosis, respiratory burst responses, degranulation, and neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation. The mechanisms that pathogens activate to evade neutrophil-mediated killing include impairing neutrophil recruitment, preventing phagocytosis, uncoupling killing from inflammation, and resistance to ROS, degranulation products, and NETs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingsong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuxi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yusen Shui
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuedong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Biao Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhu Chen
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guiyang Hospital of Stomatology, Guiyang, China
| | - Mingyun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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91
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Curtis MA. The mouth opens wide onto an additional view of immune development at mucosal borders. Cell Host Microbe 2021; 29:148-149. [PMID: 33571439 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2021.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Much of our understanding of the way mucosal surfaces achieve a harmonious balance with their resident commensal microbiota derives from analysis of this interplay in the gut. Koren et al. (2021) interrogate the dynamics of this relationship in the mouth during early life and find that highly tissue-specific responses facilitate maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Curtis
- Centre for Host and Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom.
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92
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Miralda I, Uriarte SM. Periodontal Pathogens' strategies disarm neutrophils to promote dysregulated inflammation. Mol Oral Microbiol 2020; 36:103-120. [PMID: 33128827 PMCID: PMC8048607 DOI: 10.1111/omi.12321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis is an irreversible, chronic inflammatory disease where inflammophilic pathogenic microbial communities accumulate in the gingival crevice. Neutrophils are a major component of the innate host response against bacterial challenge, and under homeostatic conditions, their microbicidal functions typically protect the host against periodontitis. However, a number of periodontal pathogens developed survival strategies to evade neutrophil microbicidal functions while promoting inflammation, which provides a source of nutrients for bacterial growth. Research on periodontal pathogens has largely focused on a few established species: Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticola, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, and Porphyromonas gingivalis. However, advances in culture-independent techniques have facilitated the identification of new bacterial species in periodontal lesions, such as the two Gram-positive anaerobes, Filifactor alocis and Peptoanaerobacter stomatis, whose characterization of pathogenic potential has not been fully described. Additionally, there is not a full understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms used against neutrophils by organisms that are abundant in periodontal lesions. This presents a substantial barrier to the development of new approaches to prevent or ameliorate the disease. In this review, we first summarize the neutrophil functions affected by the established periodontal pathogens listed above, denoting unknown areas that still merit a closer look. Then, we review the literature on neutrophil functions and the emerging periodontal pathogens, F. alocis and P. stomatis, comparing the effects of the emerging microbes to that of established pathogens, and speculate on the contribution of these putative pathogens to the progression of periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Miralda
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, School of Dentistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Silvia M Uriarte
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, School of Dentistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
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93
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Akkermansia muciniphila and Its Pili-Like Protein Amuc_1100 Modulate Macrophage Polarization in Experimental Periodontitis. Infect Immun 2020; 89:IAI.00500-20. [PMID: 33020212 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00500-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease triggered by dysbiosis of the oral microbiome. Porphyromonas gingivalis is strongly implicated in periodontal inflammation, gingival tissue destruction, and alveolar bone loss through sustained exacerbation of the host response. Recently, the use of other bacterial species, such as Akkermansia muciniphila, has been suggested to counteract inflammation elicited by P. gingivalis In this study, the effects of A. muciniphila and its pili-like protein Amuc_1100 on macrophage polarization during P. gingivalis infection were evaluated in a murine model of experimental periodontitis. Mice were gavaged with P. gingivalis alone or in combination with A. muciniphila or Amuc_1100 for 6 weeks. Morphometric analysis demonstrated that the addition of A. muciniphila or Amuc_1100 significantly reduced P. gingivalis-induced alveolar bone loss. This decreased bone loss was associated with a proresolutive phenotype (M2) of macrophages isolated from submandibular lymph nodes as observed by flow cytometry. Furthermore, the expression of interleukin 10 (IL-10) at the RNA and protein levels was significantly increased in the gingival tissues of the mice and in macrophages exposed to A. muciniphila or Amuc_1100, confirming their anti-inflammatory properties. This study demonstrates the putative therapeutic interest of the administration of A. muciniphila or Amuc_1100 in the management of periodontitis through their anti-inflammatory properties.
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94
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Dionigi C, Larsson L, Carcuac O, Berglundh T. Cellular expression of DNA damage/repair and reactive oxygen/nitrogen species in human periodontitis and peri-implantitis lesions. J Clin Periodontol 2020; 47:1466-1475. [PMID: 32996143 PMCID: PMC7756411 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY To evaluate differences in the cellular expression of DNA damage/repair and reactive oxygen/nitrogen species between human periodontitis and peri-implantitis lesions. MATERIAL AND METHODS 40 patients presenting with generalized severe periodontitis and 40 patients with severe peri-implantitis were included. Soft tissue biopsies were collected from diseased sites in conjunction with surgical therapy and prepared for histological analysis. Four regions of interest were identified: the pocket epithelium (PE), the infiltrated connective tissue (ICT), which was divided into one inner area facing the PE (ICT-1) and one outer area (ICT-2). A non-infiltrated connective tissue area (NCT) lateral of the ICT was also selected. RESULTS It was demonstrated that the ICT of peri-implantitis specimens was considerably larger and contained significantly larger area proportions and densities of CD68-, MPO- and iNOS-positive cells than that of periodontitis samples. Cellular densities were overall higher in the inner ICT zone lateral of the PE (ICT-1) than in the outer ICT compartment (ICT-2). While the NCT area lateral of the ICT comprised significantly larger proportions and densities of y-H2AX-, iNOS-, NOX2-, MPO- and PAD4/MPO-positive cells in peri-implantitis than in periodontitis sites, a reverse difference was noted for the area proportion and density of 8-OHdG-positive cells in the PE. CONCLUSIONS It is suggested that peri-implantitis lesions are associated with an enhanced and upregulated host response and contain larger numbers of neutrophils, macrophages and iNOS-positive cells than periodontitis lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlotta Dionigi
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Odontology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lena Larsson
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Odontology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Olivier Carcuac
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Odontology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tord Berglundh
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Odontology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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95
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Hammad R, Hamdino M, El-Nasser AM, Sobhy A, Eldesoky NAR, Mashaal AM, Ali HF. Immunoregulatory complement receptor-1 and leukocyte-associated Ig-like receptor-1 expression on leukocytes in Psoriasis vulgaris. Innate Immun 2020; 26:683-692. [PMID: 32731787 PMCID: PMC7787551 DOI: 10.1177/1753425920942570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis vulgaris (PsV) is an immune-mediated inflammatory disorder with devastating psychosocial consequences. Expression of immunoregulator molecules on leukocytes in PsV remains unclear. Leukocyte-associated Ig-like receptor-1 (LAIR-1) and complement receptor-1 (CR-1) are immunoregulator receptors reported to bind complement component 1q involved in phagocytosis. We aimed to explore if altered leukocyte expression of LAIR-1 and CR-1 is associated with PsV. This case-control study included 36 PsV patients and 36 healthy controls. Neutrophils, monocytes and B and T cells were examined by flow cytometry for LAIR-1 and CR-1 mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) and positive cell percentage. Comparison between both groups revealed a significant decrease in LAIR-1 MFI on neutrophils and T cells (P < 0.001 and P = 0.003, respectively). CR-1 MFI on neutrophils, monocytes and T cells also showed a significant decrease in patients (P = 0.033, P = 0.001 and P = 0.040, respectively). There was a significant positive correlation of LAIR-1 MFI on neutrophils with CR-1 MFI on neutrophils (r = 0.503; P = 0.002) and LAIR-1 MFI on monocytes with CR-1 MFI on monocytes (r = 0.371; P = 0.026). Receiver operating characteristic curves revealed that CR-1 MFI on monocytes had the highest discrimination power to differentiate patients from controls, with 86.1% specificity and 75% sensitivity (P = 0.001). In conclusion, altered leukocytes expression of LAIR-1 and CR-1 is associated with PsV. Down-regulated CR-1 MFI on monocytes is a promising diagnostic biomarker for PsV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reham Hammad
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine (for Girls), Al-Azhar University, Egypt
| | - Mervat Hamdino
- Dermatology and Venereology Departmet, Faculty of Medicine (for Girls), Al-Azhar University, Egypt
| | - Asmaa M El-Nasser
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine (for Girls), Al-Azhar University, Egypt
| | - Ali Sobhy
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine (Assiut), Al-Azhar University, Egypt
| | | | - Alya Mohammad Mashaal
- Immunology, Zoology and Entomology Department, Faculty of Science (for Girls), Al-Azhar University, Egypt
| | - Hany F Ali
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine (for Boys), Al-Azhar University, Egypt
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96
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Elazazy O, Amr K, Abd El Fattah A, Abouzaid M. Evaluation of serum and gingival crevicular fluid microRNA-223, microRNA-203 and microRNA-200b expression in chronic periodontitis patients with and without diabetes type 2. Arch Oral Biol 2020; 121:104949. [PMID: 33157494 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2020.104949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
microRNA dysregulation is a reported feature of multiple pathologies, including periodontal disease, as demonstrated on cell lines, in animal models, and tissues biopsies, but serum and gingival crevicular fluid microRNA expression data in humans is scarce, especially with the diabetes (type 2) systemic complication. OBJECTIVE To assess serum and gingival crevicular fluid relative quantification levels of miR-223, miR-203, and miR-200b in chronic periodontitis and type 2 diabetic chronic periodontitis patients to address their possible implication in chronic periodontitis pathogenesis and its systemic complications and also to correlate their differential expression with some inflammatory (serum tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-10) parameters. METHODS Sixty subjects were recruited and divided into three groups; chronic periodontitis (n = 20), type 2 diabetic chronic periodontitis (n = 20), and healthy control (n = 20). Both serum and gingival crevicular fluid were collected from each participant for miRNA expression analysis and serum inflammatory parameters assessment. RESULTS A significant increase in the relative quantification levels of miR-223 and miR-200b were detected in patient groups along with a positive correlation with tumor necrosis factor-α. However, miR-203 was significantly decreased in patient groups associated with a negative correlation with tumor necrosis factor-α. CONCLUSIONS miR-223 and miR-200b have a potential role in chronic periodontitis pathogenesis associated with type 2 diabetes, with the ability to induce tumor necrosis factor-α secretion, while miR-203 might have a protective and healing role due to the negative correlation with the serum tumor necrosis factor-α levels found. Therefore, they may be considered as a promising therapeutic target and effective serum disease biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ola Elazazy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Khalda Amr
- Department of Medical Molecular Genetics, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abeer Abd El Fattah
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Maha Abouzaid
- Department of Orodental Genetics, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
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97
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Relationship between Blood and Standard Biochemistry Levels with Periodontitis in Parkinson's Disease Patients: Data from the NHANES 2011-2012. J Pers Med 2020; 10:jpm10030069. [PMID: 32722393 PMCID: PMC7565163 DOI: 10.3390/jpm10030069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
People with Parkinson's Disease (PD) are associated with the presence of periodontitis. We aimed to compare blood and standard biochemical surrogates of PD patients diagnosed with periodontitis with PD individuals without periodontitis. This retrospective cohort study used a sample from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2012 that underwent periodontal diagnosis (n = 3669). PD participants were identified through specific PD reported medications. Periodontitis was defined according to the 2012 case definition, using periodontal examination data provided. Then, we compared blood levels and standard chemical laboratory profiles of PD patients according to the presence of periodontitis. Multivariable regression was used to explore this dataset and identify relevant variables towards the presence of periodontitis. According to the medication report, 37 participants were eligible, 29 were secure and 8 were unsecure PD medications regimens. Overall, PD cases with periodontitis presented increased levels of White Blood Cells (WBC) (p = 0.002), Basophils (p = 0.045) and Segmented neutrophils (p = 0.009), and also, lower levels of Total Bilirubin (p = 0.018). In the PD secure medication group, a significant difference was found for WBC (p = 0.002) and Segmented neutrophils (p = 0.002) for the periodontitis group. Further, WBC might be a discriminating factor towards periodontitis in the global sample. In the secure PD medication, we found gender, segmented neutrophils and Vitamin D2 to be potential discriminative variables towards periodontitis. Thus, periodontitis showed association with leukocyte levels alterations in PD patients, and therefore with potential systemic changes and predictive value. Furthermore, Vitamin D2 and gender showed to be associated with periodontitis in with secure medication for PD. Future studies should assess in more detail the potential systemic repercussion of the presence of periodontitis in PD patients.
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98
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Borilova Linhartova P, Danek Z, Deissova T, Hromcik F, Lipovy B, Szaraz D, Janos J, Fassmann A, Bartova J, Drizhal I, Izakovicova Holla L. Interleukin Gene Variability and Periodontal Bacteria in Patients with Generalized Aggressive Form of Periodontitis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21134728. [PMID: 32630798 PMCID: PMC7370291 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21134728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Host genetic predispositions to dysregulated immune response can influence the development of the aggressive form of periodontitis (AgP) through susceptibility to oral dysbiosis and subsequent host-microbe interaction. This case-control study aimed to perform a multilocus analysis of functional variants in selected interleukin (IL) genes in patients with the generalized form of AgP in a homogenous population. Twelve polymorphisms in IL-1 gene cluster, IL-6 and its receptor, IL-10, IL-17A, and IL-18 were determined in 91 AgP patients and 210 controls. Analysis of seven selected periodontal bacteria in subgingival sulci/pockets was performed with a commercial DNA-microarray kit in a subgroup of 76 individuals. The pilot in vitro study included stimulation of peripheral blood monocytes (PBMC) from 20 individuals with periodontal bacteria and measurement of IL-10 levels using the Luminex method. Only the unctional polymorphism IL-10 −1087 A/G (rs1800896) and specific IL-10 haplotypes were associated with the development of the disease (p < 0.05, Pcorr > 0.05). Four bacterial species occurred more frequently in AgP than in controls (p < 0.01, Pcorr < 0.05). Elevated IL-10 levels were found in AgP patients, carriers of IL-10 −1087GG genotype, and PBMCs stimulated by periodontal bacteria (p < 0.05, Pcorr > 0.05). We therefore conclude that a combination of genetic predisposition to the altered expression of IL-10 and the presence of specific periodontal bacteria may contribute to Th1/Th2 balance disruption and AgP development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Borilova Linhartova
- Clinic of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Pekarska 664/53, 60200 Brno, Czech Republic; (P.B.L.); (F.H.); (J.J.); (L.I.H.)
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic; (T.D.); (B.L.)
- Clinic of Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Brno, Jihlavska 20, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Zdenek Danek
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic; (T.D.); (B.L.)
- Clinic of Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Brno, Jihlavska 20, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic;
- Clinic of Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Jihlavska 20, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +420-532-232-484
| | - Tereza Deissova
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic; (T.D.); (B.L.)
| | - Filip Hromcik
- Clinic of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Pekarska 664/53, 60200 Brno, Czech Republic; (P.B.L.); (F.H.); (J.J.); (L.I.H.)
- Clinic of Stomatology, St. Anne’s University Hospital, Pekarska 664/53, 60200 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Bretislav Lipovy
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic; (T.D.); (B.L.)
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Jihlavska 20, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, University Hospital Brno, Jihlavska 20, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - David Szaraz
- Clinic of Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Brno, Jihlavska 20, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic;
- Clinic of Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Jihlavska 20, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Julius Janos
- Clinic of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Pekarska 664/53, 60200 Brno, Czech Republic; (P.B.L.); (F.H.); (J.J.); (L.I.H.)
| | - Antonin Fassmann
- Clinic of Stomatology, St. Anne’s University Hospital, Pekarska 664/53, 60200 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Jirina Bartova
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Dental Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Karlovo nam. 554/32, 12808 Prague, Czech Republic;
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Dental Medicine, General University Hospital, Karlovo nam. 554/32, 12808 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ivo Drizhal
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Simkova 870, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic;
| | - Lydie Izakovicova Holla
- Clinic of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Pekarska 664/53, 60200 Brno, Czech Republic; (P.B.L.); (F.H.); (J.J.); (L.I.H.)
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic; (T.D.); (B.L.)
- Clinic of Stomatology, St. Anne’s University Hospital, Pekarska 664/53, 60200 Brno, Czech Republic;
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Magán-Fernández A, Rasheed Al-Bakri SM, O’Valle F, Benavides-Reyes C, Abadía-Molina F, Mesa F. Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Periodontitis. Cells 2020; 9:cells9061494. [PMID: 32575367 PMCID: PMC7349145 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are key cells of the immune system and have a decisive role in fighting foreign pathogens in infectious diseases. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) consist of a mesh of DNA enclosing antimicrobial peptides and histones that are released into extracellular space following neutrophil response to a wide range of stimuli, such as pathogens, host-derived mediators and drugs. Neutrophils can remain functional after NET formation and are important for periodontal homeostasis. Periodontitis is an inflammatory multifactorial disease caused by a dysbiosis state between the gingival microbiome and the immune response of the host. The pathogenesis of periodontitis includes an immune-inflammatory component in which impaired NET formation and/or elimination can be involved, contributing to an exacerbated inflammatory reaction and to the destruction of gingival tissue. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about the role of NETs in the pathogenesis of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Magán-Fernández
- Periodontology Department, School of Dentistry, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (A.M.-F.); (S.M.R.A.-B.); (F.M.)
| | - Sarmad Muayad Rasheed Al-Bakri
- Periodontology Department, School of Dentistry, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (A.M.-F.); (S.M.R.A.-B.); (F.M.)
| | - Francisco O’Valle
- Pathology Department, School of Medicine (IBIMER, CIBM), University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;
- Biosanitary Research Institute (IBS-GRANADA), University of Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Cristina Benavides-Reyes
- Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-9-5824-0654
| | - Francisco Abadía-Molina
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;
- INYTA, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, University of Granada, Armilla, 18100 Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco Mesa
- Periodontology Department, School of Dentistry, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (A.M.-F.); (S.M.R.A.-B.); (F.M.)
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100
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An Evidence-Based Update on the Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Periodontal Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21113829. [PMID: 32481582 PMCID: PMC7312805 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Several investigators have reported about the intricate molecular mechanism underlying periodontal diseases (PD). Nevertheless, the role of specific genes, cells, or cellular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of periodontitis are still unclear. Although periodontitis is one of the most prevalent oral diseases globally, there are no pre-diagnostic markers or therapeutic targets available for such inflammatory lesions. A pivotal role is played by pro- and anti-inflammatory markers in modulating pathophysiological and physiological processes in repairing damaged tissues. In addition, effects on osteoimmunology is ever evolving due to the ongoing research in understanding the molecular mechanism lying beneath periodontal diseases. The aim of the current review is to deliver an evidence-based update on the molecular mechanism of periodontitis with a particular focus on recent developments. Reports regarding the molecular mechanism of these diseases have revealed unforeseen results indicative of the fact that significant advances have been made to the periodontal medicine over the past decade. There is integrated hypothesis-driven research going on. Although a wide picture of association of periodontal diseases with immune response has been further clarified with present ongoing research, small parts of the puzzle remain a mystery and require further investigations.
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