51
|
Gallemí M, Galstyan A, Paulišić S, Then C, Ferrández-Ayela A, Lorenzo-Orts L, Roig-Villanova I, Wang X, Micol JL, Ponce MR, Devlin PF, Martínez-García JF. DRACULA2 is a dynamic nucleoporin with a role in regulating the shade avoidance syndrome in Arabidopsis. Development 2016; 143:1623-31. [PMID: 26989173 DOI: 10.1242/dev.130211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
When plants grow in close proximity basic resources such as light can become limiting. Under such conditions plants respond to anticipate and/or adapt to the light shortage, a process known as the shade avoidance syndrome (SAS). Following genetic screening using a shade-responsive luciferase reporter line (PHYB:LUC), we identified DRACULA2 (DRA2), which encodes an Arabidopsis homolog of mammalian nucleoporin 98, a component of the nuclear pore complex (NPC). DRA2, together with other nucleoporins, participates positively in the control of the hypocotyl elongation response to plant proximity, a role that can be considered dependent on the nucleocytoplasmic transport of macromolecules (i.e. is transport dependent). In addition, our results reveal a specific role for DRA2 in controlling shade-induced gene expression. We suggest that this novel regulatory role of DRA2 is transport independent and that it might rely on its dynamic localization within and outside of the NPC. These results provide mechanistic insights in to how SAS responses are rapidly established by light conditions. They also indicate that nucleoporins have an active role in plant signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marçal Gallemí
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anahit Galstyan
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sandi Paulišić
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Christiane Then
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Laura Lorenzo-Orts
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Irma Roig-Villanova
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xuewen Wang
- School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Jose Luis Micol
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Campus de Elche, 03202 Elche, Spain
| | - Maria Rosa Ponce
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Campus de Elche, 03202 Elche, Spain
| | - Paul F Devlin
- School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Jaime F Martínez-García
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB, 08193 Barcelona, Spain Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Ps. Lluís Companys 10, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Romero-Campero FJ, Perez-Hurtado I, Lucas-Reina E, Romero JM, Valverde F. ChlamyNET: a Chlamydomonas gene co-expression network reveals global properties of the transcriptome and the early setup of key co-expression patterns in the green lineage. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:227. [PMID: 26968660 PMCID: PMC4788957 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-2564-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is the model organism that serves as a reference for studies in algal genomics and physiology. It is of special interest in the study of the evolution of regulatory pathways from algae to higher plants. Additionally, it has recently gained attention as a potential source for bio-fuel and bio-hydrogen production. The genome of Chlamydomonas is available, facilitating the analysis of its transcriptome by RNA-seq data. This has produced a massive amount of data that remains fragmented making necessary the application of integrative approaches based on molecular systems biology. RESULTS We constructed a gene co-expression network based on RNA-seq data and developed a web-based tool, ChlamyNET, for the exploration of the Chlamydomonas transcriptome. ChlamyNET exhibits a scale-free and small world topology. Applying clustering techniques, we identified nine gene clusters that capture the structure of the transcriptome under the analyzed conditions. One of the most central clusters was shown to be involved in carbon/nitrogen metabolism and signalling, whereas one of the most peripheral clusters was involved in DNA replication and cell cycle regulation. The transcription factors and regulators in the Chlamydomonas genome have been identified in ChlamyNET. The biological processes potentially regulated by them as well as their putative transcription factor binding sites were determined. The putative light regulated transcription factors and regulators in the Chlamydomonas genome were analyzed in order to provide a case study on the use of ChlamyNET. Finally, we used an independent data set to cross-validate the predictive power of ChlamyNET. CONCLUSIONS The topological properties of ChlamyNET suggest that the Chlamydomonas transcriptome posseses important characteristics related to error tolerance, vulnerability and information propagation. The central part of ChlamyNET constitutes the core of the transcriptome where most authoritative hub genes are located interconnecting key biological processes such as light response with carbon and nitrogen metabolism. Our study reveals that key elements in the regulation of carbon and nitrogen metabolism, light response and cell cycle identified in higher plants were already established in Chlamydomonas. These conserved elements are not only limited to transcription factors, regulators and their targets, but also include the cis-regulatory elements recognized by them.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J. Romero-Campero
- />Departamento de Ciencias de la Computación e Inteligencia Artificial, Universidad de Sevilla, Reina Mercedes s/n, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ignacio Perez-Hurtado
- />Departamento de Ciencias de la Computación e Inteligencia Artificial, Universidad de Sevilla, Reina Mercedes s/n, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Eva Lucas-Reina
- />Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Universidad de Sevilla-CSIC, Americo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Jose M. Romero
- />Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Universidad de Sevilla-CSIC, Americo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Federico Valverde
- />Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Universidad de Sevilla-CSIC, Americo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Roig-Villanova I, Martínez-García JF. Plant Responses to Vegetation Proximity: A Whole Life Avoiding Shade. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:236. [PMID: 26973679 PMCID: PMC4770057 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In high density of vegetation, plants detect neighbors by perceiving changes in light quality through phytochrome photoreceptors. Close vegetation proximity might result in competition for resources, such as light. To face this challenge, plants have evolved two alternative strategies: to either tolerate or avoid shade. Shade-avoiding species generally adapt their development by inducing hypocotyl, stem, and petiole elongation, apical dominance and flowering, and decreasing leaf expansion and yield, a set of responses collectively known as the shade avoidance syndrome (SAS). The SAS responses have been mostly studied at the seedling stage, centered on the increase of hypocotyl elongation. After compiling the main findings about SAS responses in seedlings, this review is focused on the response to shade at adult stages of development, such as petioles of adult leaves, and the little information available on the SAS responses in reproductive tissues. We discuss these responses based on the knowledge about the molecular mechanisms and components with a role in regulating the SAS response of the hypocotyls of Arabidopsis thaliana. The transcriptional networks involved in this process, as well as the communication among the tissues that perceive the shade and the ones that respond to this stimulus will also be briefly commented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irma Roig-Villanova
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas – Institut Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentaries – Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona – Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain
- *Correspondence: Irma Roig-Villanova, ; Jaime F. Martínez-García,
| | - Jaime F. Martínez-García
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas – Institut Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentaries – Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona – Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA)Barcelona, Spain
- *Correspondence: Irma Roig-Villanova, ; Jaime F. Martínez-García,
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
Nito K, Kajiyama T, Unten-Kobayashi J, Fujii A, Mochizuki N, Kambara H, Nagatani A. Spatial Regulation of the Gene Expression Response to Shade in Arabidopsis Seedlings. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 56:1306-19. [PMID: 25907567 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcv057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The shade avoidance response, which allows plants to escape from nearby competitors, is triggered by a reduction in the PFR form of phytochrome in response to shade. Classic physiological experiments have demonstrated that the shade signal perceived by the leaves is transmitted to the other parts of the plant. Recently, a simple method was developed to analyze the transcriptome in a single microgram tissue sample. In the present study, we adopted this method to conduct organ-specific transcriptomic analysis of the shade avoidance response in Arabidopsis seedlings. The shoot apical samples, which contained the meristem, basal parts of leaf primordia and short fragments of vasculature, were collected from the topmost part of the hypocotyl and subjected to RNA sequencing analysis. Unexpectedly, many more genes were up-regulated in the shoot apical region than in the cotyledons. Spotlight irradiation demonstrated that the apex-responsive genes were mainly controlled by phytochrome in the cotyledons. In accordance with the involvement of many auxin-responsive genes in this category, auxin biosynthesis was genetically shown to be essential for this response. In contrast, organ-autonomous regulation was more important for the genes that were up-regulated preferentially either in the cotyledons or in both the cotyledons and the apical region. Their responses to shade depended variously on auxin and PIFs (phytochrome-interacting factors), indicating the mechanistic diversity of the organ-autonomous response. Finally, we examined the expression of the auxin synthesis genes, the YUC genes, and found that three YUC genes, which were differently spatially regulated, co-ordinately elevated the auxin level within the shoot apical region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazumasa Nito
- Department of Botany, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502 Japan
| | | | - Junko Unten-Kobayashi
- Department of Botany, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502 Japan
| | - Akihiko Fujii
- Central Research Laboratory, Hitachi, Ltd., Tokyo, 185-8601 Japan
| | - Nobuyoshi Mochizuki
- Department of Botany, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502 Japan
| | - Hideki Kambara
- Central Research Laboratory, Hitachi, Ltd., Tokyo, 185-8601 Japan
| | - Akira Nagatani
- Department of Botany, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Nozue K, Tat AV, Kumar Devisetty U, Robinson M, Mumbach MR, Ichihashi Y, Lekkala S, Maloof JN. Shade avoidance components and pathways in adult plants revealed by phenotypic profiling. PLoS Genet 2015; 11:e1004953. [PMID: 25874869 PMCID: PMC4398415 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Shade from neighboring plants limits light for photosynthesis; as a consequence, plants have a variety of strategies to avoid canopy shade and compete with their neighbors for light. Collectively the response to foliar shade is called the shade avoidance syndrome (SAS). The SAS includes elongation of a variety of organs, acceleration of flowering time, and additional physiological responses, which are seen throughout the plant life cycle. However, current mechanistic knowledge is mainly limited to shade-induced elongation of seedlings. Here we use phenotypic profiling of seedling, leaf, and flowering time traits to untangle complex SAS networks. We used over-representation analysis (ORA) of shade-responsive genes, combined with previous annotation, to logically select 59 known and candidate novel mutants for phenotyping. Our analysis reveals shared and separate pathways for each shade avoidance response. In particular, auxin pathway components were required for shade avoidance responses in hypocotyl, petiole, and flowering time, whereas jasmonic acid pathway components were only required for petiole and flowering time responses. Our phenotypic profiling allowed discovery of seventeen novel shade avoidance mutants. Our results demonstrate that logical selection of mutants increased success of phenotypic profiling to dissect complex traits and discover novel components.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazunari Nozue
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - An V. Tat
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Upendra Kumar Devisetty
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Matthew Robinson
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Maxwell R. Mumbach
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Yasunori Ichihashi
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Saradadevi Lekkala
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Julin N. Maloof
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
56
|
Martínez-García JF, Gallemí M, Molina-Contreras MJ, Llorente B, Bevilaqua MRR, Quail PH. The shade avoidance syndrome in Arabidopsis: the antagonistic role of phytochrome a and B differentiates vegetation proximity and canopy shade. PLoS One 2014; 9:e109275. [PMID: 25333270 PMCID: PMC4204825 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0109275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Light limitation caused by dense vegetation is one of the greatest threats to plant survival in natural environments. Plants detect such neighboring vegetation as a reduction in the red to far-red ratio (R:FR) of the incoming light. The low R:FR signal, perceived by phytochromes, initiates a set of responses collectively known as the shade avoidance syndrome, intended to reduce the degree of current or future shade from neighbors by overtopping such competitors or inducing flowering to ensure seed production. At the seedling stage these responses include increased hypocotyl elongation. We have systematically analyzed the Arabidopsis seedling response and the contribution of phyA and phyB to perception of decreased R:FR, at three different levels of photosynthetically active radiation. Our results show that the shade avoidance syndrome, induced by phyB deactivation, is gradually antagonized by phyA, operating through the so-called FR-High Irradiance Response, in response to high FR levels in a range that simulates plant canopy shade. The data indicate that the R:FR signal distinguishes between the presence of proximal, but non-shading, neighbors and direct foliar shade, via a intrafamily photosensory attenuation mechanism that acts to suppress excessive reversion toward skotomorphogenic development under prolonged direct vegetation shade.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaime F. Martínez-García
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Spain
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), Consortium CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Barcelona, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Marçal Gallemí
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), Consortium CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Briardo Llorente
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), Consortium CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maycon R. R. Bevilaqua
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), Consortium CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Barcelona, Spain
- CAPES foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil, Brasilia - DF, Brazil
| | - Peter H. Quail
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
- US Department of Agriculture/Agriculture Research Service, Plant Gene Expression Center, Albany, California, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
Wang W, Bai MY, Wang ZY. The brassinosteroid signaling network — a paradigm of signal integration. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2014; 21:147-153. [PMID: 25139830 PMCID: PMC4400584 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2014.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Revised: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
|
58
|
Procko C, Crenshaw CM, Ljung K, Noel JP, Chory J. Cotyledon-Generated Auxin Is Required for Shade-Induced Hypocotyl Growth in Brassica rapa. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 165:1285-1301. [PMID: 24891610 PMCID: PMC4081337 DOI: 10.1104/pp.114.241844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 06/01/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Plant architecture is optimized for the local light environment. In response to foliar shade or neighbor proximity (low red to far-red light), some plant species exhibit shade-avoiding phenotypes, including increased stem and hypocotyl growth, which increases the likelihood of outgrowing competitor plants. If shade persists, early flowering and the reallocation of growth resources to stem elongation ultimately affect the yield of harvestable tissues in crop species. Previous studies have shown that hypocotyl growth in low red to far-red shade is largely dependent on the photoreceptor phytochrome B and the phytohormone auxin. However, where shade is perceived in the plant and how auxin regulates growth spatially are less well understood. Using the oilseed and vegetable crop species Brassica rapa, we show that the perception of low red to far-red shade by the cotyledons triggers hypocotyl cell elongation and auxin target gene expression. Furthermore, we find that following shade perception, elevated auxin levels occur in a basipetal gradient away from the cotyledons and that this is coincident with a gradient of auxin target gene induction. These results show that cotyledon-generated auxin regulates hypocotyl elongation. In addition, we find in mature B. rapa plants that simulated shade does not affect seed oil composition but may affect seed yield. This suggests that in field settings where mutual shading between plants may occur, a balance between plant density and seed yield per plant needs to be achieved for maximum oil yield, while oil composition might remain constant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carl Procko
- Plant Biology Laboratory (C.P., J.C.), Jack H. Skirball Center for Chemical Biology and Proteomics (C.M.C., J.P.N.), and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (C.M.C., J.P.N., J.C.), Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037; andUmeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83 Umea, Sweden (K.L.)
| | - Charisse Michelle Crenshaw
- Plant Biology Laboratory (C.P., J.C.), Jack H. Skirball Center for Chemical Biology and Proteomics (C.M.C., J.P.N.), and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (C.M.C., J.P.N., J.C.), Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037; andUmeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83 Umea, Sweden (K.L.)
| | - Karin Ljung
- Plant Biology Laboratory (C.P., J.C.), Jack H. Skirball Center for Chemical Biology and Proteomics (C.M.C., J.P.N.), and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (C.M.C., J.P.N., J.C.), Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037; andUmeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83 Umea, Sweden (K.L.)
| | - Joseph Patrick Noel
- Plant Biology Laboratory (C.P., J.C.), Jack H. Skirball Center for Chemical Biology and Proteomics (C.M.C., J.P.N.), and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (C.M.C., J.P.N., J.C.), Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037; andUmeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83 Umea, Sweden (K.L.)
| | - Joanne Chory
- Plant Biology Laboratory (C.P., J.C.), Jack H. Skirball Center for Chemical Biology and Proteomics (C.M.C., J.P.N.), and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (C.M.C., J.P.N., J.C.), Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037; andUmeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83 Umea, Sweden (K.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
Pierik R, de Wit M. Shade avoidance: phytochrome signalling and other aboveground neighbour detection cues. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2014; 65:2815-24. [PMID: 24323503 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ert389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plants compete with neighbouring vegetation for limited resources. In competition for light, plants adjust their architecture to bring the leaves higher in the vegetation where more light is available than in the lower strata. These architectural responses include accelerated elongation of the hypocotyl, internodes and petioles, upward leaf movement (hyponasty), and reduced shoot branching and are collectively referred to as the shade avoidance syndrome. This review discusses various cues that plants use to detect the presence and proximity of neighbouring competitors and respond to with the shade avoidance syndrome. These cues include light quality and quantity signals, mechanical stimulation, and plant-emitted volatile chemicals. We will outline current knowledge about each of these signals individually and discuss their possible interactions. In conclusion, we will make a case for a whole-plant, ecophysiology approach to identify the relative importance of the various neighbour detection cues and their possible interactions in determining plant performance during competition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Pierik
- Plant Ecophysiology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mieke de Wit
- Centre for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
60
|
Bou-Torrent J, Galstyan A, Gallemí M, Cifuentes-Esquivel N, Molina-Contreras MJ, Salla-Martret M, Jikumaru Y, Yamaguchi S, Kamiya Y, Martínez-García JF. Plant proximity perception dynamically modulates hormone levels and sensitivity in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2014; 65:2937-47. [PMID: 24609653 PMCID: PMC4056540 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The shade avoidance syndrome (SAS) refers to a set of plant responses initiated after perception by the phytochromes of light enriched in far-red colour reflected from or filtered by neighbouring plants. These varied responses are aimed at anticipating eventual shading from potential competitor vegetation. In Arabidopsis thaliana, the most obvious SAS response at the seedling stage is the increase in hypocotyl elongation. Here, we describe how plant proximity perception rapidly and temporally alters the levels of not only auxins but also active brassinosteroids and gibberellins. At the same time, shade alters the seedling sensitivity to hormones. Plant proximity perception also involves dramatic changes in gene expression that rapidly result in a new balance between positive and negative factors in a network of interacting basic helix-loop-helix proteins, such as HFR1, PAR1, and BIM and BEE factors. Here, it was shown that several of these factors act as auxin- and BR-responsiveness modulators, which ultimately control the intensity or degree of hypocotyl elongation. It was deduced that, as a consequence of the plant proximity-dependent new, dynamic, and local balance between hormone synthesis and sensitivity (mechanistically resulting from a restructured network of SAS regulators), SAS responses are unleashed and hypocotyls elongate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Bou-Torrent
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Bellaterra, 08193-Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anahit Galstyan
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Bellaterra, 08193-Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marçal Gallemí
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Bellaterra, 08193-Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nicolás Cifuentes-Esquivel
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Bellaterra, 08193-Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Mercè Salla-Martret
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Bellaterra, 08193-Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yusuke Jikumaru
- RIKEN Plant Science Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | | | - Yuji Kamiya
- RIKEN Plant Science Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Jaime F Martínez-García
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Bellaterra, 08193-Barcelona, Spain Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, 08010-Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|