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Wang YJ, Zhang YK, Kathawala RJ, Chen ZS. Repositioning of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors as Antagonists of ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters in Anticancer Drug Resistance. Cancers (Basel) 2014; 6:1925-52. [PMID: 25268163 PMCID: PMC4276951 DOI: 10.3390/cancers6041925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The phenomenon of multidrug resistance (MDR) has attenuated the efficacy of anticancer drugs and the possibility of successful cancer chemotherapy. ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters play an essential role in mediating MDR in cancer cells by increasing efflux of drugs from cancer cells, hence reducing the intracellular accumulation of chemotherapeutic drugs. Interestingly, small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), such as AST1306, lapatinib, linsitinib, masitinib, motesanib, nilotinib, telatinib and WHI-P154, have been found to have the capability to overcome anticancer drug resistance by inhibiting ABC transporters in recent years. This review will focus on some of the latest and clinical developments with ABC transporters, TKIs and anticancer drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Jun Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA.
| | - Yun-Kai Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA.
| | - Rishil J Kathawala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA.
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA.
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Rijpma SR, van den Heuvel JJMW, van der Velden M, Sauerwein RW, Russel FGM, Koenderink JB. Atovaquone and quinine anti-malarials inhibit ATP binding cassette transporter activity. Malar J 2014; 13:359. [PMID: 25218605 PMCID: PMC4172838 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2875-13-359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Therapeutic blood plasma concentrations of anti-malarial drugs are essential for successful treatment. Pharmacokinetics of pharmaceutical compounds are dependent of adsorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion. ATP binding cassette (ABC) transport proteins are particularly involved in drug deposition, as they are located at membranes of many uptake and excretory organs and at protective barriers, where they export endogenous and xenobiotic compounds, including pharmaceuticals. In this study, a panel of well-established anti-malarial drugs which may affect drug plasma concentrations was tested for interactions with human ABC transport proteins. Methods The interaction of chloroquine, quinine, artemisinin, mefloquine, lumefantrine, atovaquone, dihydroartemisinin and proguanil, with transport activity of P-glycoprotein (P-gp), breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP), bile salt export pump (BSEP) and multidrug resistance-associated proteins (MRP) 1–4 were analysed. The effect of the anti-malarials on the ATP-dependent uptake of radio-labelled substrates was measured in membrane vesicles isolated from HEK293 cells overexpressing the ABC transport proteins. Results A strong and previously undescribed inhibition of BCRP-mediated transport by atovaquone with a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 0.23 μM (95% CI 0.17-0.29 μM) and inhibition of P-gp-mediated transport by quinine with an IC50 of 6.8 μM (95% CI 5.9-7.8 μM) was observed. Furthermore, chloroquine and mefloquine were found to significantly inhibit P-gp-mediated transport. BCRP transport activity was significantly inhibited by all anti-malarials tested, whereas BSEP-mediated transport was not inhibited by any of the compounds. Both MRP1- and MRP3-mediated transport were significantly inhibited by mefloquine. Conclusions Atovaquone and quinine significantly inhibit BCRP- and P-gp- mediated transport at concentrations within the clinically relevant prophylactic and therapeutic range. Co-administration of these established anti-malarials with drugs that are BCRP or P-gp substrates may potentially lead to drug-drug interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jan B Koenderink
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands.
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Szafraniec MJ, Szczygieł M, Urbanska K, Fiedor L. Determinants of the activity and substrate recognition of breast cancer resistance protein (ABCG2). Drug Metab Rev 2014; 46:459-74. [DOI: 10.3109/03602532.2014.942037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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54
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González-Lobato L, Real R, Herrero D, de la Fuente A, Prieto J, Marqués M, Álvarez A, Merino G. Novelin vitrosystems for prediction of veterinary drug residues in ovine milk and dairy products. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2014; 31:1026-37. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2014.908261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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55
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Structure and function of BCRP, a broad specificity transporter of xenobiotics and endobiotics. Arch Toxicol 2014; 88:1205-48. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-014-1224-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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56
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Badhan RKS, Chenel M, Penny JI. Development of a physiologically-based pharmacokinetic model of the rat central nervous system. Pharmaceutics 2014; 6:97-136. [PMID: 24647103 PMCID: PMC3978528 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics6010097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Revised: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) drug disposition is dictated by a drug's physicochemical properties and its ability to permeate physiological barriers. The blood-brain barrier (BBB), blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier and centrally located drug transporter proteins influence drug disposition within the central nervous system. Attainment of adequate brain-to-plasma and cerebrospinal fluid-to-plasma partitioning is important in determining the efficacy of centrally acting therapeutics. We have developed a physiologically-based pharmacokinetic model of the rat CNS which incorporates brain interstitial fluid (ISF), choroidal epithelial and total cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) compartments and accurately predicts CNS pharmacokinetics. The model yielded reasonable predictions of unbound brain-to-plasma partition ratio (Kpuu,brain) and CSF:plasma ratio (CSF:Plasmau) using a series of in vitro permeability and unbound fraction parameters. When using in vitro permeability data obtained from L-mdr1a cells to estimate rat in vivo permeability, the model successfully predicted, to within 4-fold, Kpuu,brain and CSF:Plasmau for 81.5% of compounds simulated. The model presented allows for simultaneous simulation and analysis of both brain biophase and CSF to accurately predict CNS pharmacokinetics from preclinical drug parameters routinely available during discovery and development pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj K Singh Badhan
- Manchester Pharmacy School, the University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK.
| | - Marylore Chenel
- EA 3809, UFR Médecine-Pharmacie, 34 Rue du Jardin des Plantes, BP 199, 86005 Poitiers, France.
| | - Jeffrey I Penny
- Manchester Pharmacy School, the University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK.
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Ballent M, Maté L, Virkel G, Sallovitz J, Viviani P, Lanusse C, Lifschitz A. Intestinal drug transport: ex vivo evaluation of the interactions between ABC transporters and anthelmintic molecules. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2014; 37:332-7. [PMID: 24611483 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The family of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters is composed of several transmembrane proteins that are involved in the efflux of a large number of drugs including ivermectin, a macrocyclic lactone (ML) endectocide, widely used in human and livestock antiparasitic therapy. The aim of the work reported here was to assess the interaction between three different anthelmintic drugs with substrates of the P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and the breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP). The ability of ivermectin (IVM), moxidectin (MOX) and closantel (CST) to modulate the intestinal transport of both rhodamine 123 (Rho 123), a P-gp substrate, and danofloxacin (DFX), a BCRP substrate, across rat ileum was studied by performing the Ussing chamber technique. Compared to the controls, Rho 123 efflux was significantly reduced by IVM (69%), CST (51%) and the positive control PSC833 (65%), whereas no significant differences were observed in the presence of MOX (30%). In addition, DFX efflux was reduced between 59% and 72% by all the assayed drug molecules, showing a higher potency than that observed in the presence of the specific BCRP inhibitor pantoprazole (PTZ) (52%). An ex vivo intestinal transport approach based on the diffusion chambers technique may offer a complementary tool to study potential drug interactions with efflux transporters such as P-gp and BCRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ballent
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UNCPBA, Tandil, Argentina
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Miguel V, Otero JA, García-Villalba R, Tomás-Barberán F, Espín JC, Merino G, Álvarez AI. Role of ABCG2 in transport of the mammalian lignan enterolactone and its secretion into milk in Abcg2 knockout mice. Drug Metab Dispos 2014; 42:943-6. [PMID: 24568887 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.113.055970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Lignans are phytoestrogens that are metabolized by the gut microbiota to enterodiol and enterolactone, the main biologically active enterolignans. Substantial interindividual variation in plasma concentration and urinary excretion of enterolignans has been reported, this being determined, at least in part, by the intake of lignan precursors, the gut microbiota, and the host's phase 2 conjugating enzyme activity. However, the role of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters in the transport and disposition of enterolactone has not been reported so far. Active transport assays using parental and Madin-Darby canine kidney epithelial cells transduced with murine and human ABCG2 showed a significant increase in apically directed translocation of enterolactone in transduced cells, which was confirmed by using the selective ABCG2 inhibitor Ko143. In addition, enterolactone also inhibited transport of the antineoplastic agent mitoxantrone as a model substrate, with inhibition percentages of almost 40% at 200 μM for human ABCG2. Furthermore, the endogenous levels in plasma and milk of enterolactone in wild-type and Abcg2((-/-)) knockout female mice were analyzed. The milk/plasma ratio decreased significantly in the Abcg2((-/-)) phenotype, as compared with the wild-type mouse group (0.4 ± 0.1 as against 6.4 ± 2.6). This paper is the first to report that enterolactone is a transported substrate and therefore most probably a competitive inhibitor of ABCG2, which suggests it has a role in the interindividual variations in the disposition of enterolactone and its secretion into milk. The inhibitory activity identified provides a solid basis for further investigation in possible food-drug interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Miguel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Physiology, Veterinary Faculty (V.M., A.I.A., J.A.O., G.M.) and Instituto de Desarrollo Ganadero y Sanidad Animal (J.A.O., G.M.), University of Leon, Leon, Spain; and Research Group on Quality, Safety, and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, Murcia, Spain (R.G.-V., F.T.-B., J.C.E.)
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Choi YH, Yu AM. ABC transporters in multidrug resistance and pharmacokinetics, and strategies for drug development. Curr Pharm Des 2014; 20:793-807. [PMID: 23688078 PMCID: PMC6341993 DOI: 10.2174/138161282005140214165212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 388] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2013] [Accepted: 05/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a serious problem that hampers the success of cancer pharmacotherapy. A common mechanism is the overexpression of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) efflux transporters in cancer cells such as P-glycoprotein (P-gp/ABCB1), multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1/ABCC1) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2) that limit the exposure to anticancer drugs. One way to overcome MDR is to develop ABC efflux transporter inhibitors to sensitize cancer cells to chemotherapeutic drugs. The complete clinical trials thus far have showen that those tested chemosensitizers only add limited or no benefits to cancer patients. Some MDR modulators are merely toxic, and others induce unwanted drug-drug interactions. Actually, many ABC transporters are also expressed abundantly in the gastrointestinal tract, liver, kidney, brain and other normal tissues, and they largely determine drug absorption, distribution and excretion, and affect the overall pharmacokinetic properties of drugs in humans. In addition, ABC transporters such as P-gp, MRP1 and BCRP co-expressed in tumors show a broad and overlapped specificity for substrates and MDR modulators. Thus reliable preclinical assays and models are required for the assessment of transporter-mediated flux and potential effects on pharmacokinetics in drug development. In this review, we provide an overview of the role of ABC efflux transporters in MDR and pharmacokinetics. Preclinical assays for the assessment of drug transport and development of MDR modulators are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ai-Ming Yu
- Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, UC Davis Medical Center, 2700 Stockton Blvd., Suite 2132, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
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60
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Marquez B, Pourcelle V, Vallet CM, Mingeot-Leclercq MP, Tulkens PM, Marchand-Bruynaert J, Van Bambeke F. Pharmacological Characterization of 7-(4-(Piperazin-1-yl)) Ciprofloxacin Derivatives: Antibacterial Activity, Cellular Accumulation, Susceptibility to Efflux Transporters, and Intracellular Activity. Pharm Res 2013; 31:1290-301. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-013-1250-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 11/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Lanusse C, Alvarez L, Lifschitz A. Pharmacological knowledge and sustainable anthelmintic therapy in ruminants. Vet Parasitol 2013; 204:18-33. [PMID: 24315694 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2013.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Revised: 10/25/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Considering the increasing concern for the development of anthelmintic resistance, the use of pharmacology-based information is critical to design successful strategies for the future of parasite control in livestock. Integrated evaluation of the available knowledge on pharmacological features is required to optimize the activity and to achieve sustainable use of the existing anthelmintic drugs. The assessment of the drug disposition in the host and the comprehension of the mechanisms of drug influx/efflux/detoxification in different target helminths, has signified a relevant progress on the understanding of the pharmacology of anthelmintic drugs in ruminant species. However, additional scientific knowledge on how to improve the use of available and novel molecules is required to avoid/delay resistance development. Different pharmacokinetic-based approaches to enhance parasite exposure and the use of mixtures of drugs from different chemical families have been proposed as valid strategies to delay the development of anthelmintic resistance. The rationale behind using drug combinations is based on the fact that individual worms may have a lower degree of resistance to a multiple component formulation (each chemical with different mode of action/resistance) compared to that observed when a single anthelmintic is used. However, the limited available information is unclear on the potential additive or synergistic effects occurring after co-administration of two (or more) drugs with different mode of action. This review article contributes to the topic with some pharmacology-based data emerging from the assessment of combined anthelmintic preparations. The activity against multi-drug-resistant isolates based on novel modes of action is a highly favorable element to judge the future of some of the recently developed anthelmintic compounds. More specific knowledge on the basic host-parasite kinetic behavior as well as a highly responsible use of those novel compounds will be necessary to secure their maximum lifespans. Overall, the outcome from integrated pharmaco-parasitological research approaches has greatly contributed to optimize drug activity, which seems relevant to preserve existing and particularly novel active ingredients as useful tools for parasite control in livestock animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Lanusse
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UNCPBA, Campus Universitario, 7000 Tandil, Argentina.
| | - Luis Alvarez
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UNCPBA, Campus Universitario, 7000 Tandil, Argentina
| | - Adrian Lifschitz
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UNCPBA, Campus Universitario, 7000 Tandil, Argentina
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Stacy AE, Jansson PJ, Richardson DR. Molecular Pharmacology of ABCG2 and Its Role in Chemoresistance. Mol Pharmacol 2013; 84:655-69. [DOI: 10.1124/mol.113.088609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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63
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Chen TC, Hsu YL, Tsai YC, Chang YW, Kuo PL, Chen YH. Gemifloxacin inhibits migration and invasion and induces mesenchymal-epithelial transition in human breast adenocarcinoma cells. J Mol Med (Berl) 2013; 92:53-64. [PMID: 24005829 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-013-1083-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Revised: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Gemifloxacin (GMF) is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic that inhibits bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV. The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-metastatic activities of GMF and its possible mechanisms of action, with a special focus on the induction of mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET). The human breast adenocarcinoma cell lines MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-453 were used to assess the anti-metastatic activity of GMF on cell migration and invasion and in scratch wound-healing assays. The effects of GMF on the MET and its regulatory nuclear factor κB (NF-κB)/Snail pathway were assessed. The in vivo anti-metastatic effect of GMF was also evaluated in an animal model. This study demonstrated that GMF inhibited the migration and invasion of MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-453 cells and induced the MET. GMF suppressed the activation of NF-κB, as well as the cell migration and invasion induced by tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α). GMF was shown to inhibit the phosphorylation of the inhibitor of κB (IκB) and the translocation of NF-κB/Snail in both cancer cell lines. This study showed that the Raf kinase inhibitor protein (RKIP), an inhibitor of IκB kinase, is upregulated after GMF treatment. Inhibition of RKIP by small hairpin RNA transfection significantly decreased the inhibitory effect of GMF on the NF-κB/Snail pathway and also inhibited cell migration and invasion. Overexpression of Snail suppressed GMF-mediated metastasis inhibition and E-cadherin upregulation. An animal model revealed that GMF effectively inhibits lipopolysaccharide-mediated metastasis in mice. This study has demonstrated that GMF might be a novel anticancer agent for the prevention and treatment of metastasis in breast cancer. KEY MESSAGES GMF inhibits the migration and invasion of human breast adenocarcinoma cells. GMF induces MET by reducing NF-κB and Snail activation and by increasing RKIP levels. GMF has potential clinical implication as an anti-metastatic agent for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tun-Chieh Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 68, Chung-Hwa 3rd Road, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Hosten B, Boisgard R, Jacob A, Goutal S, Saubaméa B, Dollé F, Scherrmann JM, Cisternino S, Tournier N. [¹¹C]befloxatone brain kinetics is not influenced by Bcrp function at the blood-brain barrier: a PET study using Bcrp TGEM knockout rats. Eur J Pharm Sci 2013; 50:520-5. [PMID: 23981334 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2013.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Revised: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 08/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Knockout (KO) animals are useful tools with which to assess the interplay between P-glycoprotein (P-gp; Abcb1) and the breast cancer resistance protein (Bcrp, Abcg2), two major ABC-transporters expressed at the blood-brain barrier (BBB). However, one major drawback of such deficient models is the possible involvement of compensation between transporters. In the present study, P-gp and Bcrp distribution in the brain as well as P-gp expression levels at the BBB were compared between the Bcrp TGEM KO rat model and the wild-type (WT) strain. Therefore, we used confocal microscopy of brain slices and western blot analysis of the isolated brain microvessels forming the BBB. This deficient rat model was used to assess the influence of Bcrp on the brain and peripheral kinetics of its substrate [(11)C]befloxatone using positron emission tomography (PET). The influence of additional P-gp inhibition was tested using elacridar (GF120918) 2 mg/kg in Bcrp KO rats. The distribution pattern of P-gp in the brain as well as P-gp expression levels at the BBB was similar in Bcrp-deficient and WT rats. Brain and peripheral kinetics of [(11)C]befloxatone were not influenced by the lack of Bcrp. Neither was the brain uptake of [(11)C]befloxatone in Bcrp-deficient rats influenced by the inhibition of P-gp. In conclusion, the Bcrp-deficient rat strain, in which we detected no compensatory mechanism or modification of P-gp expression as compared to WT rats, is a suitable model to study Bcrp function separately from that of P-gp at the BBB. However, although selectively transported by BCRP in vitro, our results suggest that [(11)C]befloxatone PET imaging might not be biased by impaired function of this transporter in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoit Hosten
- INSERM U705, CNRS UMR8206, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Diderot, Paris F-75006, France
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Bhullar J, Natarajan K, Shukla S, Mathias TJ, Sadowska M, Ambudkar SV, Baer MR. The FLT3 inhibitor quizartinib inhibits ABCG2 at pharmacologically relevant concentrations, with implications for both chemosensitization and adverse drug interactions. PLoS One 2013; 8:e71266. [PMID: 23967177 PMCID: PMC3743865 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 06/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The oral second-generation bis-aryl urea fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) inhibitor quizartinib (AC220) has favorable kinase selectivity and pharmacokinetics. It inhibits mutant and wild-type FLT3 in vivo at 0.1 and 0.5 µM, respectively, and has shown favorable activity and tolerability in phase I and II trials in acute myeloid leukemia, with QT prolongation as the dose-limiting toxicity. Co-administration with chemotherapy is planned. We characterized interactions of quizartinib with the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) proteins ABCB1 (P-glycoprotein) and ABCG2 (breast cancer resistance protein). Its effects on uptake of fluorescent substrates and apoptosis were measured by flow cytometry, binding to ABCB1 and ABCG2 drug-binding sites by effects on [¹²⁵I]iodoarylazidoprazosin ([¹²⁵I]-IAAP) photolabeling and ATPase activity, and cell viability by the WST-1 colorimetric assay. Quizartinib inhibited transport of fluorescent ABCG2 and ABCB1 substrates in ABCG2- and ABCB1-overexpressing cells in a concentration-dependent manner, from 0.1 to 5 µM and from 0.5 to 10 µM, respectively, and inhibited [¹²⁵I]-IAAP photolabeling of ABCG2 and ABCB1 with IC₅₀ values of 0.07 and 3.3 µM, respectively. Quizartinib at higher concentrations decreased ABCG2, but not ABCB1, ATPase activity. Co-incubation with quizartinib at 0.1 to 1 µM sensitized ABCG2-overexpressing K562/ABCG2 and 8226/MR20 cells to ABCG2 substrate chemotherapy drugs in a concentration-dependent manner in cell viability and apoptosis assays. Additionally, quizartinib increased cellular uptake of the ABCG2 substrate fluoroquinolone antibiotic ciprofloxacin, which also prolongs the QT interval, in a concentration-dependent manner, predicting altered ciprofloxacin pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics when co-administered with quizartinib. Thus quizartinib inhibits ABCG2 at pharmacologically relevant concentrations, with implications for both chemosensitization and adverse drug interactions. These interactions should be considered in the design of treatment regimens combining quizartinib and chemotherapy drugs and in choice of concomitant medications to be administered with quizartinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasjeet Bhullar
- Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Karthika Natarajan
- Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Suneet Shukla
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Trevor J. Mathias
- Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Mariola Sadowska
- Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Suresh V. Ambudkar
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Maria R. Baer
- Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Wassermann L, Halwachs S, Baumann D, Schaefer I, Seibel P, Honscha W. Assessment of ABCG2-mediated transport of xenobiotics across the blood–milk barrier of dairy animals using a new MDCKII in vitro model. Arch Toxicol 2013; 87:1671-82. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-013-1066-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Perez M, Otero JA, Barrera B, Prieto JG, Merino G, Alvarez AI. Inhibition of ABCG2/BCRP transporter by soy isoflavones genistein and daidzein: effect on plasma and milk levels of danofloxacin in sheep. Vet J 2013; 196:203-8. [PMID: 23083838 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2012.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2012] [Revised: 09/11/2012] [Accepted: 09/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Danofloxacin is a synthetic fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent and a substrate for ATP-binding cassette transporter G2/breast cancer resistance protein (ABCG2/BCRP). This protein actively extrudes drugs from cells in the intestine, liver, kidney, and other organs, such as the mammary gland. The purpose of this study was to determine whether genistein and daidzein, isoflavones present in soy and known inhibitors of ABCG2, could diminish danofloxacin secretion into milk. The results obtained from BCRP-transduced MDCK-II cells (Mardin-Darby canine kidney) showed that both isoflavones efficiently inhibited the in vitro transport of the drug. In addition, danofloxacin transport into milk was studied in Assaf sheep. The experimental design with ewes (n = 18) included ewes fed with standard forage, soy-enriched forage for 15 days prior to the experiment or standard forage paired with orally administered exogenous genistein and daidzein. The danofloxacin levels in the milk of ewes in the soy-enriched diet group were decreased. The area under concentration-time curve AUC (0-24 h) was 9.3 ± 4.6 vs. 16.58 ± 4.44 μgh/mL in the standard forage or control group. The plasma levels of danofloxacin were unmodified. The AUC (0-24 h) milk/plasma ratio decreased by over 50% in the soy-enriched diet group, compared to the control group (4.90 ± 2.65 vs. 9.58 ± 2.17). Exogenous administration of isoflavones did not modify danofloxacin secretion into milk. This study showed that milk excretion of a specific substrate of BCRP, such as danofloxacin, can be diminished by the presence of isoflavones in the diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Perez
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas-Fisiología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Campus de Vegazana s/n, Universidad de León, León, Spain
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Su L, Dong L, Bughio S, Guo M, Wang L. Effect of colibacillosis or coccidiosis on expression of breast cancer resistance protein in small intestine and liver of chickens. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2013; 37:53-8. [DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2012] [Accepted: 02/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Su
- College of Veterinary Medicine; Nanjing Agricultural University; Nanjing China
| | - L. Dong
- College of Veterinary Medicine; Nanjing Agricultural University; Nanjing China
| | - S. Bughio
- College of Veterinary Medicine; Nanjing Agricultural University; Nanjing China
| | - M. Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine; Nanjing Agricultural University; Nanjing China
| | - L. Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine; Nanjing Agricultural University; Nanjing China
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69
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Rong Z, Xu Y, Zhang C, Xiang D, Li X, Liu D. Evaluation of intestinal absorption of amtolmetin guacyl in rats: Breast cancer resistant protein as a primary barrier of oral bioavailability. Life Sci 2013; 92:245-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2012.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2012] [Revised: 10/05/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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70
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Schnepf R, Zolk O. Effect of the ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2 on pharmacokinetics: experimental findings and clinical implications. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2013; 9:287-306. [PMID: 23289909 DOI: 10.1517/17425255.2013.742063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2 can actively extrude a broad range of endogenous and exogenous substrates across biological membranes. Thereby, ABCG2 limits oral drug bioavailability, mediates hepatobiliary and renal excretion and participates functionally in the blood-brain barrier. AREAS COVERED The paper provides a review of the clinical evidence of the role of ABCG2 in the bioavailability and brain disposition of drugs. It also sheds light on the value of experimental/preclinical data in predicting the role of ABCG2 in pharmacokinetics in humans. EXPERT OPINION Experimental studies indicate that ABCG2 may limit the oral bioavailability and brain penetration of many drugs. ABCG2 has also been recognized as an important determinant of the disposition of some drugs in humans. For example, loss-of-function variants of ABCG2 affect the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of rosuvastatin in a clinically significant manner. Moreover, clinically relevant pharmacokinetic drug-drug interactions have been attributed to ABCG2 inhibition. However, examples from human studies are still rare compared with the overwhelming evidence from experimental studies. The large degree of functional redundancy of ABCG2 with other transporters such as P-glycoprotein may explain the rare occurrence of ABCG2-dependent drug-drug interactions in humans. Providing clinicians with consolidated information on the clinically relevant interactions of drugs with ABCG2 remains a matter of future exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Schnepf
- Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Fahrstr. 17, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
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71
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Ashraf T, Kis O, Banerjee N, Bendayan R. Drug Transporters At Brain Barriers. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-4711-5_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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72
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Wanek T, Kuntner C, Bankstahl JP, Mairinger S, Bankstahl M, Stanek J, Sauberer M, Filip T, Erker T, Müller M, Löscher W, Langer O. A novel PET protocol for visualization of breast cancer resistance protein function at the blood-brain barrier. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2012; 32:2002-11. [PMID: 22828996 PMCID: PMC3493998 DOI: 10.1038/jcbfm.2012.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) is the most abundant multidrug efflux transporter at the human blood-brain barrier (BBB), restricting brain distribution of various drugs. In this study, we developed a positron emission tomography (PET) protocol to visualize Bcrp function at the murine BBB, based on the dual P-glycoprotein (P-gp)/Bcrp substrate radiotracer [(11)C]tariquidar in combination with the Bcrp inhibitor Ko143. To eliminate the contribution of P-gp efflux to [(11)C]tariquidar brain distribution, we studied mice in which P-gp was genetically knocked out (Mdr1a/b((-/-)) mice) or chemically knocked out by pretreatment with cold tariquidar. We found that [(11)C]tariquidar brain uptake increased dose dependently after administration of escalating doses of Ko143, both in Mdr1a/b((-/-)) mice and in tariquidar pretreated wild-type mice. After 15 mg/kg Ko143, the maximum increase in [(11)C]tariquidar brain uptake relative to baseline scans was 6.3-fold in Mdr1a/b((-/-)) mice with a half-maximum effect dose of 4.98 mg/kg and 3.6-fold in tariquidar (8 mg/kg) pretreated wild-type mice, suggesting that the presented protocol is sensitive to visualize a range of different functional Bcrp activities at the murine BBB. We expect that this protocol can be translated to the clinic, because tariquidar can be safely administered to humans at doses that completely inhibit cerebral P-gp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Wanek
- Health and Environment Department, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Seibersdorf, Austria
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73
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Halwachs S, Wassermann L, Lindner S, Zizzadoro C, Honscha W. Fungicide Prochloraz and Environmental Pollutant Dioxin Induce the ABCG2 Transporter in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells by the Arylhydrocarbon Receptor Signaling Pathway. Toxicol Sci 2012; 131:491-501. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfs304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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74
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Chiesa OA, Idowu OR, Heller D, Smith M, Nochetto C, Chamberlain PL, Gehring R, von Bredow J. A holstein cow-calf model for the transfer of ciprofloxacin through milk after a long-term intravenous infusion. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2012; 36:425-33. [DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2012] [Accepted: 08/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- O. A. Chiesa
- Division of Applied Veterinary Research; Food & Drug Administration; Center for Veterinary Medicine; Office of Research; Laurel MD USA
- Division of Residue Chemistry; Food & Drug Administration; Center for Veterinary Medicine; Office of Research; Laurel MD USA
| | - O. R. Idowu
- Division of Applied Veterinary Research; Food & Drug Administration; Center for Veterinary Medicine; Office of Research; Laurel MD USA
- Division of Residue Chemistry; Food & Drug Administration; Center for Veterinary Medicine; Office of Research; Laurel MD USA
| | - D. Heller
- Division of Applied Veterinary Research; Food & Drug Administration; Center for Veterinary Medicine; Office of Research; Laurel MD USA
- Division of Residue Chemistry; Food & Drug Administration; Center for Veterinary Medicine; Office of Research; Laurel MD USA
| | - M. Smith
- Division of Applied Veterinary Research; Food & Drug Administration; Center for Veterinary Medicine; Office of Research; Laurel MD USA
- Division of Residue Chemistry; Food & Drug Administration; Center for Veterinary Medicine; Office of Research; Laurel MD USA
| | - C. Nochetto
- Division of Applied Veterinary Research; Food & Drug Administration; Center for Veterinary Medicine; Office of Research; Laurel MD USA
- Division of Residue Chemistry; Food & Drug Administration; Center for Veterinary Medicine; Office of Research; Laurel MD USA
| | - P. L. Chamberlain
- Division of Applied Veterinary Research; Food & Drug Administration; Center for Veterinary Medicine; Office of Research; Laurel MD USA
- Division of Residue Chemistry; Food & Drug Administration; Center for Veterinary Medicine; Office of Research; Laurel MD USA
| | - R. Gehring
- Department of Clinical Sciences; Kansas State University; Manhattan KS USA
| | - J. von Bredow
- Division of Applied Veterinary Research; Food & Drug Administration; Center for Veterinary Medicine; Office of Research; Laurel MD USA
- Division of Residue Chemistry; Food & Drug Administration; Center for Veterinary Medicine; Office of Research; Laurel MD USA
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75
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Aspenström-Fagerlund B, Tallkvist J, Ilbäck NG, Glynn AW. Oleic acid decreases BCRP mediated efflux of mitoxantrone in Caco-2 cell monolayers. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 50:3635-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2011] [Revised: 05/11/2012] [Accepted: 07/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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76
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Jin HE, Song B, Kim SB, Shim WS, Kim DD, Chong S, Chung SJ, Shim CK. Transport of gemifloxacin, a 4th generation quinolone antibiotic, in the Caco-2 and engineered MDCKII cells, and potential involvement of efflux transporters in the intestinal absorption of the drug. Xenobiotica 2012; 43:355-67. [DOI: 10.3109/00498254.2012.720740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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77
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Arakawa H, Shirasaka Y, Haga M, Nakanishi T, Tamai I. Active intestinal absorption of fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent ciprofloxacin by organic anion transporting polypeptide, Oatp1a5. Biopharm Drug Dispos 2012; 33:332-41. [DOI: 10.1002/bdd.1809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2012] [Revised: 07/31/2012] [Accepted: 08/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Makoto Haga
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Tokyo University of Science; 2641 Yamazaki; Noda; Chiba; 278-8510; Japan
| | - Takeo Nakanishi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences; Kanazawa University; Kakuma-machi; Kanazawa; 920-1192; Japan
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78
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The anthelmintic triclabendazole and its metabolites inhibit the membrane transporter ABCG2/BCRP. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2012; 56:3535-43. [PMID: 22508302 DOI: 10.1128/aac.06345-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
ABCG2/BCRP is an ATP-binding cassette transporter that extrudes compounds from cells in the intestine, liver, kidney, and other organs, such as the mammary gland, affecting pharmacokinetics and milk secretion of antibiotics, anticancer drugs, and other compounds and mediating drug-drug interactions. In addition, ABCG2 expression in cancer cells may directly cause resistance by active efflux of anticancer drugs. The development of ABCG2 modulators is critical in order to improve drug pharmacokinetic properties, reduce milk secretion of xenotoxins, and/or increase the effective intracellular concentrations of substrates. Our purpose was to determine whether the anthelmintic triclabendazole (TCBZ) and its main plasma metabolites triclabendazole sulfoxide (TCBZSO) and triclabendazole sulfone (TCBZSO(2)) inhibit ABCG2 activity. ATPase assays using human ABCG2-enriched membranes demonstrated a clear ABCG2 inhibition exerted by these compounds. Mitoxantrone accumulation assays using murine Abcg2- and human ABCG2-transduced MDCK-II cells confirmed that TCBZSO and TCBZSO(2) are ABCG2 inhibitors, reaching inhibitory potencies between 40 and 55% for a concentration range from 5 to 25 μM. Transepithelial transport assays of ABCG2 substrates in the presence of both TCBZ metabolites at 15 μM showed very efficient inhibition of the Abcg2/ABCG2-mediated transport of the antibacterial agents nitrofurantoin and danofloxacin. TCBZSO administration also inhibited nitrofurantoin Abcg2-mediated secretion into milk by more than 2-fold and increased plasma levels of the sulfonamide sulfasalazine by more than 1.5-fold in mice. These results support the potential role of TCBZSO and TCBZSO(2) as ABCG2 inhibitors to participate in drug interactions and modulate ABCG2-mediated pharmacokinetic processes.
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79
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Grandvuinet AS, Vestergaard HT, Rapin N, Steffansen B. Intestinal transporters for endogenic and pharmaceutical organic anions: the challenges of deriving in-vitro kinetic parameters for the prediction of clinically relevant drug-drug interactions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 64:1523-48. [PMID: 23058041 DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.2012.01505.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This review provides an overview of intestinal human transporters for organic anions and stresses the need for standardization of the various in-vitro methods presently employed in drug-drug interaction (DDI) investigations. KEY FINDINGS Current knowledge on the intestinal expression of the apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter (ASBT), the breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP), the monocarboxylate transporters (MCT) 1, MCT3-5, the multidrug resistance associated proteins (MRP) 1-6, the organic anion transporting polypetides (OATP) 2B1, 1A2, 3A1 and 4A1, and the organic solute transporter α/β (OSTα/β) has been covered along with an overview of their substrates and inhibitors. Furthermore, the many challenges in predicting clinically relevant DDIs from in-vitro studies have been discussed with focus on intestinal transporters and the various methods for deducting in-vitro parameters for transporters (K(m) /K(i) /IC50, efflux ratio). The applicability of using a cut-off value (estimated based on the intestinal drug concentration divided by the K(i) or IC50) has also been considered. SUMMARY A re-evaluation of the current approaches for the prediction of DDIs is necessary when considering the involvement of other transporters than P-glycoprotein. Moreover, the interplay between various processes that a drug is subject to in-vivo such as translocation by several transporters and dissolution should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Sophie Grandvuinet
- Drug Transporters in ADME, Department of Pharmaceutics and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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80
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Mulgaonkar A, Venitz J, Sweet DH. Fluoroquinolone disposition: identification of the contribution of renal secretory and reabsorptive drug transporters. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2012; 8:553-69. [PMID: 22435536 DOI: 10.1517/17425255.2012.674512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Fluoroquinolones (FQs) exist as charged molecules in blood and urine making their absorption, distribution, and elimination likely to be influenced by active transport mechanisms. Greater understanding of in vivo FQ clearance mechanisms should help improve the predictability of drug-drug interactions, enhance the clinical safety and efficacy, and aid future novel drug design strategies. AREAS COVERED The authors present an overview of FQ development and associated drug-drug interactions, followed by systematic quantitative review of the physicochemical and in vivo pharmacokinetic properties for 15 representative FQs using historical clinical literature. These results were correlated with in vitro studies implicating drug transporters in FQ clearance to link clinical and in vitro evidence supporting the contribution of drug transport mechanisms to FQ disposition. Specific transporters likely to handle FQs in human renal proximal tubule cells are also identified. EXPERT OPINION Renal handling, that is, tubular secretion and reabsorption, appears to be the main determinant of FQ plasma half-life, clinical duration of action, and drug-drug interactions. Due to their zwitterionic nature, FQs are likely to interact with organic anion and cation transporters within the solute carrier (SLC) superfamily, including OAT1, OAT3, OCT2, OCTN1, OCTN2, MATE1, and MATE2. The ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters MDR1, MRP2, MRP4, and BCRP also may interact with FQs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Mulgaonkar
- Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
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81
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Kerr ID, Haider AJ, Gelissen IC. The ABCG family of membrane-associated transporters: you don't have to be big to be mighty. Br J Pharmacol 2012; 164:1767-79. [PMID: 21175590 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2010.01177.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Along with many other mammalian ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, members of the ABCG group are involved in the regulated transport of hydrophobic compounds across cellular membranes. In humans, five ABCG family members have been identified, encoding proteins ranging from 638 to 678 amino acids in length. All five have been the subject of intensive investigation to better understand their physiological roles, expression patterns, interactions with substrates and inhibitors, and regulation at both the transcript and protein level. The principal substrates for at least four of the ABCG proteins are endogenous and dietary lipids, with ABCG1 implicated in particular in the export of cholesterol, and ABCG5 and G8 forming a functional heterodimer responsible for plant sterol elimination from the body. ABCG2 has a much broader substrate specificity and its ability to transport numerous diverse pharmaceuticals has implications for the absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity (ADMETOx) profile of these compounds. ABCG2 is one of at least three so-called multidrug resistant ABC transporters expressed in humans, and its activity is associated with decreased efficacy of anti-cancer agents in several carcinomas. In addition to its role in cancer, ABCG2 also plays a role in the normal physiological transport of urate and haem, the implications of which are described. We summarize here data on all five human ABCG transporters and provide a current perspective on their roles in human health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian D Kerr
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham.
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82
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Wang L, Leggas M, Empey PE, McNamara PJ. Stereoselective interaction of pantoprazole with ABCG2. II. In vitro flux analysis. Drug Metab Dispos 2012; 40:1024-31. [PMID: 22355035 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.111.041616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
(-)Pantoprazole [(-)PAN] accumulated in rat milk stereoselectively, and this accumulation was attributed to rat Abcg2 (rAbcg2). In contrast, flux experiments at 25 μM showed that (+)pantoprazole [(+)PAN] was preferentially transported by rAbcg2. The purpose of the current study was to comprehensively evaluate the transport of PAN isomers in empty-Madin-Darby canine kidney II (MDCKII) and MDCKII cells expressing the human/rat (ABCG2/rAbcg2) isoforms at concentrations ranging from 3 to 200 μM. The apical-to-basolateral and basolateral-to-apical directional flux and the asymmetry efflux ratios were virtually identical for both isomers in empty (mock transfected)-MDCKII monolayers but were concentration dependent for both isomers in ABCG2 (human/rat)-MDCKII. Kinetic analysis using predicted cellular concentrations showed that (-)PAN had an 8-fold lower K(M) compared with (+)PAN for both rAbcg2 (0.25 versus 1.85 μM) and ABCG2 (0.6 versus 5.32 μM). (+)PAN had a 3-fold higher T(Max) compared with the (-)PAN for both rAbcg2 (7.86 versus 2.49 nmol/h · cm(2)) and ABCG2 (10.2 versus 3.29 nmol/h · cm(2)). Effective ABCG2 surface-area permeability of (-)PAN was 9920 and 5480 (μl/h)/cm(2) for rAbcg2 and ABCG2, respectively, compared with the (+)PAN isomer (4250 and 1920 μl/h · cm(2), respectively). These results indicate a stereoselective interaction of PAN with similar kinetic parameters for both human and rat ABCG2. (-)PAN is a better substrate than (+)PAN for ABCG2/rAbcg2 and provide a rationale for the preferential accumulation of (-)PAN into rat milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lipeng Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA
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83
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Wang L, McNamara PJ. Stereoselective Interaction of Pantoprazole with ABCG2. I. Drug Accumulation in Rat Milk. Drug Metab Dispos 2012; 40:1018-23. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.111.041608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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84
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Watson CP, Dogruel M, Mihoreanu L, Begley DJ, Weksler BB, Couraud PO, Romero IA, Thomas SA. The transport of nifurtimox, an anti-trypanosomal drug, in an in vitro model of the human blood-brain barrier: evidence for involvement of breast cancer resistance protein. Brain Res 2011; 1436:111-21. [PMID: 22200378 PMCID: PMC3281990 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2011.11.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2011] [Revised: 11/07/2011] [Accepted: 11/28/2011] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) is a parasitic disease affecting sub-Saharan Africa. The parasites are able to traverse the blood–brain barrier (BBB), which marks stage 2 (S2) of the disease. Delivery of anti-parasitic drugs across the BBB is key to treating S2 effectively and the difficulty in achieving this goal is likely to be a reason why some drugs require highly intensive treatment regimes to be effective. This study aimed to investigate not only the drug transport mechanisms utilised by nifurtimox at the BBB, but also the impact of nifurtimox–eflornithine combination therapy (NECT) and other anti-HAT drug combination therapies (CTs) on radiolabelled-nifurtimox delivery in an in vitro model of drug accumulation and the human BBB, the hCMEC/D3 cell line. We found that nifurtimox appeared to use several membrane transporters, in particular breast-cancer resistance protein (BCRP), to exit the BBB cells. The addition of eflornithine caused no change in the accumulation of nifurtimox, nor did the addition of clinically relevant doses of the other anti-HAT drugs suramin, nifurtimox or melarsoprol, but a significant increase was observed with the addition of pentamidine. The results provide evidence that anti-HAT drugs are interacting with membrane transporters at the human BBB and suggest that combination with known transport inhibitors could potentially improve their efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher P Watson
- King's College London, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Waterloo, London, UK
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85
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Real R, González-Lobato L, Baro MF, Valbuena S, de la Fuente A, Prieto JG, Álvarez AI, Marques MM, Merino G. Analysis of the effect of the bovine adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette transporter G2 single nucleotide polymorphism Y581S on transcellular transport of veterinary drugs using new cell culture models1. J Anim Sci 2011; 89:4325-38. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2011-3841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
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86
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Kodaira H, Kusuhara H, Fujita T, Ushiki J, Fuse E, Sugiyama Y. Quantitative evaluation of the impact of active efflux by p-glycoprotein and breast cancer resistance protein at the blood-brain barrier on the predictability of the unbound concentrations of drugs in the brain using cerebrospinal fluid concentration as a surrogate. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2011; 339:935-44. [PMID: 21934030 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.111.180398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the impact of the active efflux mediated by P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and breast cancer resistance protein (Bcrp) at the blood-brain barrier (BBB) on the predictability of the unbound brain concentration (C(u,brain)) by the concentration in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) (C(u,CSF)) in rats. C(u,brain) is obtained as the product of the total brain concentration and unbound fraction in the brain (f(u,brain)) determined in vitro in brain slices. Twenty-five compounds, including P-gp and/or Bcrp substrates, were given a constant intravenous infusion, and their plasma, brain, and CSF concentrations were determined. P-gp and/or Bcrp substrates, such as verapamil, loperamide, flavopiridol, genistein, quinidine, dantrolene, daidzein, cimetidine, and pefloxacin, showed a higher CSF-to-brain unbound concentration ratio (K(p,uu,CSF/brain)) compared with non-P-gp and non-Bcrp substrates. K(p,uu,CSF/brain) values of P-gp-specific (quinidine and verapamil) and Bcrp-specific (daidzein and genistein) substrates were significantly decreased in Mdr1a/1b(-/-) and Bcrp(-/-) mice, respectively. Furthermore, consistent with the contribution of P-gp and Bcrp to the net efflux at the BBB, K(p,uu,CSF/brain) values of the common substrates (flavopiridol and erlotinib) were markedly decreased in Mdr1a/1b(-/-)/Bcrp(-/-) mice, but only moderately or weakly in Mdr1a/1b(-/-) mice and negligibly in Bcrp(-/-) mice. In conclusion, predictability of C(u,brain) by C(u,CSF) decreases along with the net transport activities by P-gp and Bcrp at the BBB. C(u,CSF) of non-P-gp and non-Bcrp substrates can be a reliable surrogate of C(u,brain) for lipophilic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Kodaira
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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87
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Haslam IS, Wright JA, O'Reilly DA, Sherlock DJ, Coleman T, Simmons NL. Intestinal ciprofloxacin efflux: the role of breast cancer resistance protein (ABCG2). Drug Metab Dispos 2011; 39:2321-8. [PMID: 21930826 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.111.038323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal secretory movement of the fluoroquinolone antibiotic, ciprofloxacin, may limit its oral bioavailability. Active ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters such as breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) have been implicated in ciprofloxacin transport. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that BCRP alone mediates intestinal ciprofloxacin secretion. The involvement of ABC transport proteins in ciprofloxacin secretory flux was investigated with the combined use of transfected cell lines [bcrp1/BCRP-Madin-Darby canine kidney II (MDCKII) and multidrug resistance-related protein 4 (MRP4)-human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293] and human intestinal Caco-2 cells, combined with pharmacological inhibition using 3-(6-isobutyl-9-methoxy-1,4-dioxo-1,2,3,4,6, 7,12,12a-octahydropyrazino[1',2':1,6]pyrido[3,4-b]indol-3-yl)-propionic acid tert-butyl ester (Ko143), cyclosporine, 3-[[3-[2-(7-chloroquinolin-2-yl)vinyl]phenyl]-(2-dimethylcarbamoylethylsulfanyl)methylsulfanyl] propionic acid (MK571), and verapamil as ABC-selective inhibitors. In addition, the regional variation in secretory capacity was investigated using male Han Wistar rat intestine mounted in Ussing chambers, and the first indicative measurements of ciprofloxacin transport by ex vivo human jejunum were made. Active, Ko143-sensitive ciprofloxacin secretion was observed in bcrp1-MDCKII cell layers, but in low-passage (BCRP-expressing) Caco-2 cell layers only a 54% fraction was Ko143-sensitive. Ciprofloxacin accumulation was lower in MRP4-HEK293 cells than in the parent line, indicating that ciprofloxacin is also a substrate for this transporter. Ciprofloxacin secretion by Caco-2 cell layers was not inhibited by MK571. Secretory flux showed marked regional variability in the rat intestine, increasing from the duodenum to peak in the ileum. Ciprofloxacin secretion was present in human jejunum and was reduced by Ko143 but showed marked interindividual variability. Ciprofloxacin is a substrate for human and rodent BCRP. An additional pathway for ciprofloxacin secretion exists in Caco-2 cells, which is unlikely to be MRP(4)-mediated. BCRP is likely to be the dominant transport mechanism for ciprofloxacin efflux in both rat and human jejunum.
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Affiliation(s)
- I S Haslam
- AstraZeneca, Discovery DMPK, Macclesfield, Cheshire, United Kingdom.
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88
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An G, Morris ME. The sulfated conjugate of biochanin A is a substrate of breast cancer resistant protein (ABCG2). Biopharm Drug Dispos 2011; 32:446-57. [DOI: 10.1002/bdd.772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2011] [Revised: 06/26/2011] [Accepted: 07/25/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Guohua An
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences; University at Buffalo, State University of New York; Amherst; NY; 14260; USA
| | - Marilyn E. Morris
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences; University at Buffalo, State University of New York; Amherst; NY; 14260; USA
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89
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Robey RW, Ierano C, Zhan Z, Bates SE. The challenge of exploiting ABCG2 in the clinic. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2011; 12:595-608. [PMID: 21118093 DOI: 10.2174/138920111795163913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2010] [Accepted: 04/15/2010] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
ABCG2, or breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP), is an ATP-binding cassette half transporter that has been shown to transport a wide range of substrates including chemotherapeutics, antivirals, antibiotics and flavonoids. Given its wide range of substrates, much work has been dedicated to developing ABCG2 as a clinical target. But where can we intervene clinically and how can we avoid the mistakes made in past clinical trials targeting P-glycoprotein? This review will summarize the normal tissue distribution, cancer tissue expression, substrates and inhibitors of ABCG2, and highlight the challenges presented in exploiting ABCG2 in the clinic. We discuss the possibility of inhibiting ABCG2, so as to increase oral bioavailability or increase drug penetration into sanctuary sites, especially the central nervous system; and at the other end of the spectrum, the possibility of improving ABCG2 function, in the case of gout caused by a single nucleotide polymphism. Together, these aspects of ABCG2/BCRP make the protein a target of continuing interest for oncologists, biologists, and pharmacologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert W Robey
- Medical Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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90
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Genetically Polymorphic Cytochrome P450s and Transporters and Personalized Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. Mol Microbiol 2011. [DOI: 10.1128/9781555816834.ch52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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91
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MEALEY KL. ABCG2 transporter: therapeutic and physiologic implications in veterinary species. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2011; 35:105-12. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2885.2011.01313.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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92
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Mariana B, Adrián L, Guillermo V, Juan S, Laura M, Carlos L. Gender-related differences on P-glycoprotein-mediated drug intestinal transport in rats. J Pharm Pharmacol 2011; 63:619-26. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.2010.01230.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Evidence of sex-related differences on drug pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics are markedly increasing. The aim of this study was to characterize the influence of gender on P-glycoprotein (P-gp)-mediated drug intestinal transport using two ex-vivo methodological approaches.
Methods
To study the comparative tissue uptake of ivermectin, intestinal sacs (distal jejunum/ileum) of male and female Wistar rats were incubated with ivermectin (0.5 µm) (a P-gp substrate) in the presence or absence of PSC833 (10 µm) (a P-gp inhibitor). Additionally, sex-based differences in the bidirectional transport of Rhodamine 123 (Rho 123; 5 µm) incubated either alone or with PSC833 (10 µm) were examined in diffusion chambers.
Key findings
The ivermectin accumulation in the everted gut sacs was higher in female compared with male intestine. The presence of PSC833 increased ivermectin accumulation profiles both in male and female rats. However, a greater response to transport modulation was observed in male compared with female animals. Similar results were obtained for Rho 123, where a higher absorption was measured in the intestine of females. PSC833 decreased Rho 123 intestinal secretion in animals of both sexes with a greater inhibition in male.
Conclusions
Substantial sex-related differences were observed on the ivermectin and Rho 123 active intestinal transport. Likewise, the PSC833-mediated modulation had a differential impact between male and female animals. Further work is needed to clarify the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon, which may have considerable pharmacological and clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ballent Mariana
- Laboratorio de Farmacología Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (UNCPBA), Campus Universitario, Tandil, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Tandil, Argentina
| | - Lifschitz Adrián
- Laboratorio de Farmacología Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (UNCPBA), Campus Universitario, Tandil, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Tandil, Argentina
| | - Virkel Guillermo
- Laboratorio de Farmacología Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (UNCPBA), Campus Universitario, Tandil, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Tandil, Argentina
| | - Sallovitz Juan
- Laboratorio de Farmacología Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (UNCPBA), Campus Universitario, Tandil, Argentina
| | - Maté Laura
- Laboratorio de Farmacología Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (UNCPBA), Campus Universitario, Tandil, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Tandil, Argentina
| | - Lanusse Carlos
- Laboratorio de Farmacología Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (UNCPBA), Campus Universitario, Tandil, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Tandil, Argentina
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93
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Poller B, Wagenaar E, Tang SC, Schinkel AH. Double-transduced MDCKII cells to study human P-glycoprotein (ABCB1) and breast cancer resistance protein (ABCG2) interplay in drug transport across the blood-brain barrier. Mol Pharm 2011; 8:571-82. [PMID: 21309545 DOI: 10.1021/mp1003898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
P-glycoprotein (P-gp/ABCB1) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2) combination knockout mice display disproportionately increased brain penetration of shared substrates, including topotecan and several tyrosine kinase inhibitors, compared to mice deficient for only one transporter. To better study the interplay of both transporters also in vitro, we generated a transduced polarized MDCKII cell line stably coexpressing substantial levels of human ABCB1 and ABCG2 (MDCKII-ABCB1/ABCG2). Next, we measured concentration-dependent transepithelial transport of topotecan, sorafenib and sunitinib. By blocking either one or both of the transporters simultaneously, using specific inhibitors, we aimed to mimic the ABCB1-ABCG2 interplay at the blood-brain barrier in wild-type, single or combination knockout mice. ABCB1 and ABCG2 contributed to similar extents to topotecan transport, which was only partly saturable. For sorafenib transport, ABCG2 was the major determinant at low concentrations. However, saturation of ABCG2-mediated transport occurred at higher sorafenib concentrations, where ABCB1 was still fully active. Furthermore, sunitinib was transported equally by ABCB1 and ABCG2 at low concentrations, but ABCG2-mediated transport became saturated at lower concentrations than ABCB1-mediated transport. The relative impact of these transporters can thus be affected by the applied drug concentrations. A comparison of the in vitro observed (inverse) transport ratios and cellular accumulation of the drugs at low concentrations with in vivo brain penetration data from corresponding Abcb1a/1b⁻/⁻, Abcg2⁻/⁻ and Abcb1a/1b;Abcg2⁻/⁻ mouse strains revealed very similar qualitative patterns for each of the tested drugs. MDCKII-ABCB1/ABCG2 cells thus present a useful in vitro model to study the interplay of ABCB1 and ABCG2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birk Poller
- Division of Molecular Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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94
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Lin X, Skolnik S, Chen X, Wang J. Attenuation of intestinal absorption by major efflux transporters: quantitative tools and strategies using a Caco-2 model. Drug Metab Dispos 2011; 39:265-74. [PMID: 21051535 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.110.034629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Efflux transporters expressed in the apical membrane of intestinal enterocytes have been implicated in drug oral absorption. The current study presents a strategy and tools to quantitatively predict the impact of efflux on oral absorption for new chemical entities (NCEs) in early drug discovery. Sixty-three marketed drugs with human absorption data were evaluated in the Caco-2 bidirectional permeability assay and subjected to specific transporter inhibition. A four-zone graphical model was developed from apparent permeability and efflux ratios to quickly identify compounds whose efflux activity may distinctly influence human absorption. NCEs in "zone 4" will probably have efflux as a barrier for oral absorption and further mechanistic studies are required. To interpret mechanistic results, we introduced a new quantitative substrate classification parameter, transporter substrate index (TSI). TSI allowed more flexibility and considered both in vitro and in vivo outcomes. Its application ranged from addressing the challenge of overlapping substrate specificity to projecting the role of transporter(s) on exposure or potential drug-drug interaction risk. The potential impact of efflux transporters associated with physicochemical properties on drug absorption is discussed in the context of TSI and also the previously reported absorption quotient. In this way, the chemistry strategy may be differentially focused on passive permeability or efflux activity or both.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuena Lin
- Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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95
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Meyer zu Schwabedissen HE, Kroemer HK. In vitro and in vivo evidence for the importance of breast cancer resistance protein transporters (BCRP/MXR/ABCP/ABCG2). Handb Exp Pharmacol 2011:325-371. [PMID: 21103975 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-14541-4_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2) is a member of the G-subfamiliy of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC)-transporter superfamily. This half-transporter is assumed to function as an important mechanism limiting cellular accumulation of various compounds. In context of its tissue distribution with localization in the sinusoidal membrane of hepatocytes, and in the apical membrane of enterocytes ABCG2 is assumed to function as an important mechanism facilitating hepatobiliary excretion and limiting oral bioavailability, respectively. Indeed functional assessment performing mouse studies with genetic deletion or chemical inhibition of the transporter, or performing pharmacogenetic studies in humans support this assumption. Furthermore the efflux function of ABCG2 has been linked to sanctuary blood tissue barriers as described for placenta and the central nervous system. However, in lactating mammary glands ABCG2 increases the transfer of substrates into milk thereby increasing the exposure to potential noxes of a breastfed newborn. With regard to its broad substrate spectrum including various anticancer drugs and environmental carcinogens the function of ABCG2 has been associated with multidrug resistance and tumor development/progression. In terms of cancer biology current research is focusing on the expression and function of ABCG2 in immature stem cells. Recent findings support the notion that the physiological function of ABCG2 is involved in the elimination of uric acid resulting in higher risk for developing gout in male patients harboring genetic variants. Taken together ABCG2 is implicated in various pathophysiological and pharmacological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henriette E Meyer zu Schwabedissen
- Department of Pharmacology, Research Center of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Ernst Moritz Arndt University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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96
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An G, Morris ME. Effects of the isoflavonoid biochanin A on the transport of mitoxantrone in vitro and in vivo. Biopharm Drug Dispos 2010; 31:340-50. [PMID: 20535833 DOI: 10.1002/bdd.717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The aim of our study was to investigate the effect of biochanin A on the accumulation and transport of mitoxantrone in breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP)-expressing normal cells and its impact on the pharmacokinetics (PK) and tissue distribution of mitoxantrone. In accumulation studies, the intracellular level of mitoxantrone was significantly increased in the presence of 2.5 or 25 microM of biochanin A in both murine and human BCRP-expressing Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells, with no effect in corresponding MDCK/Mock cells. In bi-directional transport studies, the P(app,B-A) value of mitoxantrone with biochanin A co-treatment was much lower (6.66+/-0.84x10(-7) cm/s) than that in the absence of biochanin A (21.4+/-4.14x10(-7) cm/s), indicating inhibition of Bcrp1-mediated efflux. To evaluate whether our in vitro results might translate into an in vivo interaction, mitoxantrone PK and tissue distribution, with and without co-administration of biochanin A, was investigated. In contrast to our in vitro results, biochanin A (10 mg/kg, i.v.) had no impact on the concentration of mitoxantrone in plasma and most tissues collected (brain, heart, liver and lung). Surprisingly, the concentrations of mitoxantrone in spleen and kidney were even decreased when biochanin A was co-administered. Interestingly, it was found that the intracellular fluorescence of mitoxantrone was decreased 31.9% when co-incubated with 10 microM biochanin A in P-glycoprotein (P-gp) expressing MCF-7/ADR cells, indicating potential P-gp stimulation. The species difference of the inhibitory effect of biochanin A on BCRP, the extensive metabolism of biochanin A, as well as the stimulation effect of biochanin A on P-gp, may contribute to this in vitro-in vivo disconnect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohua An
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Amherst, 14260, USA
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97
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REAL R, EGIDO E, PÉREZ M, GONZÁLEZ-LOBATO L, BARRERA B, PRIETO JG, ÁLVAREZ AI, MERINO G. Involvement of breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2) in the secretion of danofloxacin into milk: interaction with ivermectin. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2010; 34:313-21. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2885.2010.01241.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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98
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Jiang XL, Gonzalez FJ, Yu AM. Drug-metabolizing enzyme, transporter, and nuclear receptor genetically modified mouse models. Drug Metab Rev 2010; 43:27-40. [PMID: 20854191 DOI: 10.3109/03602532.2010.512294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Determining the in vivo significance of a specific enzyme, transporter, or xenobiotic receptor in drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics may be hampered by gene multiplicity and complexity, levels of expression, and interaction between various components involved. The development of knockout (loss-of-function) and transgenic (gain-of-function) mouse models opens the door to the improved understanding of gene function in a whole-body system. There is also growing interest in the development of humanized mice to overcome species differences in drug metabolism and disposition. This review, therefore, aims to summarize and discuss some successful examples of drug-metabolizing enzyme, transporter, and nuclear-receptor genetically modified mouse models. These genetically modified mouse models have been proven as invaluable models for understanding in vivo function of drug-metabolizing enzymes, transporters, and xenobiotic receptors in drug metabolism and transport, as well as predicting potential drug-drug interaction and toxicity in humans. Nevertheless, concerns remain about interpretation of data obtained from such genetically modified mouse models, in which the expression of related genes is altered significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Ling Jiang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, USA
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99
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Hahnova-Cygalova L, Ceckova M, Staud F. Fetoprotective activity of breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP, ABCG2): expression and function throughout pregnancy. Drug Metab Rev 2010; 43:53-68. [DOI: 10.3109/03602532.2010.512293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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100
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González-Lobato L, Real R, Prieto JG, Alvarez AI, Merino G. Differential inhibition of murine Bcrp1/Abcg2 and human BCRP/ABCG2 by the mycotoxin fumitremorgin C. Eur J Pharmacol 2010; 644:41-8. [PMID: 20655304 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2010.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2010] [Revised: 06/25/2010] [Accepted: 07/11/2010] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Breast Cancer Resistance Protein (ABCG2/BCRP) is an ATP-binding cassette transporter expressed in absorptive and excretory organs whose main physiological role is protection of cells against xenobiotics. In addition, ABCG2/BCRP expression has been linked to cellular resistance to anticancer drugs due to the acquisition of a multidrug resistance phenotype. Fumitremorgin C (FTC) is a mycotoxin described as a potent ABCG2/BCRP inhibitor that reverses multidrug resistance. However, little is known about its species-specificity. This issue is scientifically relevant since FTC is widely used to evaluate the in vitro role of BCRP. We compared the FTC-mediated inhibition of human BCRP and its murine orthologue, overexpressed in two independent cell lines, MDCKII and MEF3.8 transduced cell lines. Accumulation experiments, using mitoxantrone and chlorine e6 as substrates, revealed that although FTC inhibits both Bcrp1 and BCRP, the human transporter is more potently inhibited, resulting in significantly lower IC(50) values. Transcellular transport of known Bcrp1/BCRP substrates, such as nitrofurantoin and mitoxantrone, was completely inhibited by FTC 1muM in human BCRP-transduced cells but only moderately in murine Bcrp1-transduced cells. Finally, cytotoxicity assays using mitoxantrone and topotecan as substrates revealed that the EC(90) values for FTC were always significantly lower in human BCRP-transduced cells. Altogether, these results indicate that human BCRP is more sensitive to inhibition by FTC than murine Bcrp1. This differential inhibition could have a great impact on the use of in vitro models of toxicity and pharmacological interaction for drug discovery and development involving FTC as Bcrp1/BCRP inhibitor.
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