51
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Zeng M, Guo H, Wang G, Shang L, Zhao C, Li H. Nanostructured high-performance electrolyte membranes based on polymer network post-assembly for high-temperature supercapacitors. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 603:408-417. [PMID: 34197989 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.06.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The development of high-temperature supercapacitors highly relies on the explore of stable polymer electrolyte membranes (PEMs) with high ionic conductivities at high-temperature conditions. However, it is a challenge to achieve both high stability and high conductivity in a PEM at elevated temperatures. Herein, we report the fabrication of high-performance proton conductive PEMs suitable for high-temperature supercapacitors (HT-SCs), which is based on a post-assembly strategy to control the rearrangement of polymer networks in the PEMs. This strategy can create cross-linked PEMs with bicontinuous nanostructures, as well as highly stable and highly conductive features. Specifically, a series of bicontinuous PEMs are prepared by the controllable cross-linking of poly(ether-ether-ketone) and poly(4-vinylpyridine), followed by the inducement of phosphoric acid. These PEMs exhibit both a high proton conductivity of 70 mS cm-1 and a high modulus of 39.3 MPa at 150 ℃, which can serve as high-performance electrolytes. The HT-SCs based on these PEMs display a specific capacitance of 138.0 F g-1 and a high capacitance retention of 80.0% after 2500 galvanostatic charge-discharge cycles at 150 ℃, exhibiting excellent high-temperature capacitance and cycle stability. This post-assembly concept can provide a new route to design high-performance PEMs for HT-SC and other energy device applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghao Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Haikun Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Gang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Lichao Shang
- Key Laboratory of High Performance Plastics, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Chengji Zhao
- Key Laboratory of High Performance Plastics, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China.
| | - Haolong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, PR China; Key Laboratory of High Performance Plastics, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China.
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52
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Rymaruk MJ, O'Brien CT, György C, Darmau B, Jennings J, Mykhaylyk OO, Armes SP. Small-Angle X-Ray Scattering Studies of Block Copolymer Nano-Objects: Formation of Ordered Phases in Concentrated Solution During Polymerization-Induced Self-Assembly. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:12955-12963. [PMID: 33725372 PMCID: PMC8252599 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202101851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
We report that polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA) can be used to prepare lyotropic phases comprising diblock copolymer nano-objects in non-polar media. RAFT dispersion polymerization of benzyl methacrylate (BzMA) at 90 °C using a trithiocarbonate-capped hydrogenated polybutadiene (PhBD) steric stabilizer block in n-dodecane produces either spheres or worms that exhibit long-range order at 40 % w/w solids. NMR studies enable calculation of instantaneous copolymer compositions for each phase during the BzMA polymerization. As the PBzMA chains grow longer when targeting PhBD80 -PBzMA40 , time-resolved small-angle X-ray scattering reveals intermediate body-centered cubic (BCC) and hexagonally close-packed (HCP) sphere phases prior to formation of a final hexagonal cylinder phase (HEX). The HEX phase is lost on serial dilution and the aligned cylinders eventually form disordered flexible worms. The HEX phase undergoes an order-disorder transition on heating to 150 °C and a pure HCP phase forms on cooling to 20 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Rymaruk
- Dainton BuildingDepartment of ChemistryThe University of SheffieldSheffieldS3 7HFUK
- Present address: SyngentaJealott's HillBracknellBerkshireRG42 6EYUK
| | - Cate T. O'Brien
- Dainton BuildingDepartment of ChemistryThe University of SheffieldSheffieldS3 7HFUK
| | - Csilla György
- Dainton BuildingDepartment of ChemistryThe University of SheffieldSheffieldS3 7HFUK
| | - Bastien Darmau
- Dainton BuildingDepartment of ChemistryThe University of SheffieldSheffieldS3 7HFUK
| | - James Jennings
- Dainton BuildingDepartment of ChemistryThe University of SheffieldSheffieldS3 7HFUK
| | | | - Steven P. Armes
- Dainton BuildingDepartment of ChemistryThe University of SheffieldSheffieldS3 7HFUK
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53
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Rymaruk MJ, O'Brien CT, György C, Darmau B, Jennings J, Mykhaylyk OO, Armes SP. Small‐Angle X‐Ray Scattering Studies of Block Copolymer Nano‐Objects: Formation of Ordered Phases in Concentrated Solution During Polymerization‐Induced Self‐Assembly. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202101851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Rymaruk
- Dainton Building Department of Chemistry The University of Sheffield Sheffield S3 7HF UK
- Present address: Syngenta Jealott's Hill Bracknell Berkshire RG42 6EY UK
| | - Cate T. O'Brien
- Dainton Building Department of Chemistry The University of Sheffield Sheffield S3 7HF UK
| | - Csilla György
- Dainton Building Department of Chemistry The University of Sheffield Sheffield S3 7HF UK
| | - Bastien Darmau
- Dainton Building Department of Chemistry The University of Sheffield Sheffield S3 7HF UK
| | - James Jennings
- Dainton Building Department of Chemistry The University of Sheffield Sheffield S3 7HF UK
| | - Oleksandr O. Mykhaylyk
- Dainton Building Department of Chemistry The University of Sheffield Sheffield S3 7HF UK
| | - Steven P. Armes
- Dainton Building Department of Chemistry The University of Sheffield Sheffield S3 7HF UK
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54
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Lee J, Seo M. Downsizing of Block Polymer-Templated Nanopores to One Nanometer via Hyper-Cross-Linking of High χ-Low N Precursors. ACS NANO 2021; 15:9154-9166. [PMID: 33950684 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c02690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Synthesizing nanoporous polymer from the block polymer template by selective removal of the sacrificial domain offers straightforward pore size control as a function of the degree of polymerization (N). Downscaling pore size into the microporous regime (<2 nm) has been thermodynamically challenging, because the low N drives the system to disorder and the small-sized pore is prone to collapse. Herein, we report that maximizing cross-linking density of a block polymer precursor with an increased interaction parameter (χ) can help successfully stabilize the structure bearing pore sizes of 1.1 nm. We adopt polymerization-induced microphase separation (PIMS) combined with hyper-cross-linking as a strategy for the preparation of the bicontinuous block polymer precursors with a densely cross-linked framework by copolymerization of vinylbenzyl chloride with divinylbenzene and also Friedel-Crafts alkylation. Incorporating 4-vinylbiphenyl as a higher-χ comonomer to the sacrificial polylactide (PLA) block and optimizing the segregation strength versus cross-linking density allow for further downscaling. Control of pore size by N of PLA is demonstrated in the range of 9.9-1.1 nm. Accessible surface area to fluorescein-tagged dextrans is regulated by the relative size of the pore to the guest, and pore size is controlled. These findings will be useful for designing microporous polymers with tailored pore size for advanced catalytic and separation applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Myungeun Seo
- Department of Chemistry, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Korea
- KAIST Institute for Nanocentury, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Korea
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55
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Kim S, Varga G, Seo M, Sápi A, Rácz V, Gómez-Pérez JF, Sebők D, Lee J, Kukovecz Á, Kónya Z. Nesting Well-Defined Pt Nanoparticles within a Hierarchically Porous Polymer as a Heterogeneous Suzuki–Miyaura Catalyst. ACS APPLIED NANO MATERIALS 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acsanm.1c00396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Soobin Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Gábor Varga
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged H-6720, Hungary
| | - Myungeun Seo
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
- KI for the Nanocentury, KAIST, 34141 Daejeon, Korea
| | - András Sápi
- Department of Applied and Environmental Chemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged H-6720, Hungary
| | - Viktória Rácz
- Department of Applied and Environmental Chemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged H-6720, Hungary
| | - Juan F. Gómez-Pérez
- Department of Applied and Environmental Chemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged H-6720, Hungary
| | - Dániel Sebők
- Department of Applied and Environmental Chemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged H-6720, Hungary
| | - Jeonghyeon Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Ákos Kukovecz
- Department of Applied and Environmental Chemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged H-6720, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Kónya
- Department of Applied and Environmental Chemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged H-6720, Hungary
- MTA-SZTE Reaction Kinetics and Surface Chemistry Research Group, Szeged H-6720, Hungary
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56
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Goldfeld DJ, Silver ES, Valdez JM, Hillmyer MA. Bicontinuous Ion-Exchange Materials through Polymerization-Induced Microphase Separation. ACS Macro Lett 2021; 10:60-64. [PMID: 35548992 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.0c00684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Polymerization-induced microphase separation has been used to prepare solid cross-linked monoliths containing bicontinuous and nanostructured polymer domains. We use this process to fabricate a monolith containing either a negatively or positively charged polyelectrolyte domain inside of the neutral styrene/divinylbenzene-derived matrix. First, the materials are made with a neutral pre-ionic polymer containing masked charged groups. The monoliths are then functionalized to a charged state by treatment with trimethylamine; small-angle X-ray scattering shows no significant morphological change in the microphase-separated structure upon postpolymerization modification. By exchanging dyes with the counterions in the material, we corroborated the continuity of the charged domains. Using ion-exchange capacity measurements, we estimate the number of accessible charges within the material based on macro-chain transfer agent molar mass and loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J. Goldfeld
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Eric S. Silver
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - José M. Valdez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Marc A. Hillmyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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57
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3D printing of inherently nanoporous polymers via polymerization-induced phase separation. Nat Commun 2021; 12:247. [PMID: 33431911 PMCID: PMC7801408 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20498-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
3D printing offers enormous flexibility in fabrication of polymer objects with complex geometries. However, it is not suitable for fabricating large polymer structures with geometrical features at the sub-micrometer scale. Porous structure at the sub-micrometer scale can render macroscopic objects with unique properties, including similarities with biological interfaces, permeability and extremely large surface area, imperative inter alia for adsorption, separation, sensing or biomedical applications. Here, we introduce a method combining advantages of 3D printing via digital light processing and polymerization-induced phase separation, which enables formation of 3D polymer structures of digitally defined macroscopic geometry with controllable inherent porosity at the sub-micrometer scale. We demonstrate the possibility to create 3D polymer structures of highly complex geometries and spatially controlled pore sizes from 10 nm to 1000 µm. Produced hierarchical polymers combining nanoporosity with micrometer-sized pores demonstrate improved adsorption performance due to better pore accessibility and favored cell adhesion and growth for 3D cell culture due to surface porosity. This method extends the scope of applications of 3D printing to hierarchical inherently porous 3D objects combining structural features ranging from 10 nm up to cm, making them available for a wide variety of applications. 3D printing offers flexibility in fabrication of polymer objects but fabrication of large polymer structures with micrometer-sized geometrical features are challenging. Here, the authors introduce a method combining advantages of 3D printing and polymerization-induced phase separation, which enables formation of 3D polymer structures with controllable inherent porosity.
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58
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Lequieu J, Magenau AJD. Reaction-induced phase transitions with block copolymers in solution and bulk. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py00722f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Reaction-induced phase transitions use chemical reactions to drive macromolecular organisation and self-assembly. This review highlights significant and recent advancements in this burgeoning field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Lequieu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Drexel University
- Philadelphia
- USA
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59
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Ikami T, Kimura Y, Takenaka M, Ouchi M, Terashima T. Design guide of amphiphilic crystalline random copolymers for sub-10 nm microphase separation. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py01618g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Sub-10 nm lamellar structures are efficiently constructed by the pendant microphase separation of amphiphilic crystalline random copolymers with broad molecular weight distribution that are obtained from free radical copolymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaya Ikami
- Department of Polymer Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 615-8510
- Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Kimura
- Department of Polymer Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 615-8510
- Japan
| | - Mikihito Takenaka
- Institute for Chemical Research
- Kyoto University
- Uji
- Japan
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center
| | - Makoto Ouchi
- Department of Polymer Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 615-8510
- Japan
| | - Takaya Terashima
- Department of Polymer Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 615-8510
- Japan
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60
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Saadat Y, Kim K, Foudazi R. Initiator-dependent kinetics of lyotropic liquid crystal-templated thermal polymerization. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00127b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we show that how the locus of initiation can change kinetics and mechanical properties of polymerized lyotropic liquid crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younes Saadat
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering
- New Mexico State University
- Las Cruces
- USA
| | - Kyungtae Kim
- Materials Physics and Applications Division
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies
- Los Alamos National Laboratory
- Los Alamos
- USA
| | - Reza Foudazi
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering
- New Mexico State University
- Las Cruces
- USA
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61
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Oh W, Bae JS, Park JW. The Interplay between Phase Separation and Gelation Controlling the Morphologies of the Reactive Covalent Network/Polymer Blends. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wangsuk Oh
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Korea
| | - Jae-Sung Bae
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Korea
| | - Ji-Woong Park
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Korea
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62
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Hampu N, Werber JR, Chan WY, Feinberg EC, Hillmyer MA. Next-Generation Ultrafiltration Membranes Enabled by Block Polymers. ACS NANO 2020; 14:16446-16471. [PMID: 33315381 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c07883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Reliable and equitable access to safe drinking water is a major and growing challenge worldwide. Membrane separations represent one of the most promising strategies for the energy-efficient purification of potential water sources. In particular, porous membranes are used for the ultrafiltration (UF) of water to remove contaminants with nanometric sizes. However, despite exhibiting excellent water permeability and solution processability, existing UF membranes contain a broad distribution of pore sizes that limit their size selectivity. To maximize the potential utility of UF membranes and allow for precise separations, improvements in the size selectivity of these systems must be achieved. Block polymers represent a potentially transformative solution, as these materials self-assemble into well-defined domains of uniform size. Several different strategies have been reported for integrating block polymers into UF membranes, and each strategy has its own set of materials and processing considerations to ensure that uniform and continuous pores are generated. This Review aims to summarize and critically analyze the chemistries, processing techniques, and properties required for the most common methods for producing porous membranes from block polymers, with a particular focus on the fundamental mechanisms underlying block polymer self-assembly and pore formation. Critical structure-property-performance metrics will be analyzed for block polymer UF membranes to understand how these membranes compare to commercial UF membranes and to identify key research areas for continued improvements. This Review is intended to inform readers of the capabilities and current challenges of block polymer UF membranes, while stimulating critical thought on strategies to advance these technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Hampu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Jay R Werber
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Wui Yarn Chan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Elizabeth C Feinberg
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Marc A Hillmyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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63
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Wu CH, Huang YC, Chen WL, Lin YY, Dai SA, Tung SH, Jeng RJ. Size-dependent phase separation and thermomechanical properties of thermoplastic polyurethanes. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.123075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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64
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Reversible-deactivation radical polymerization (Controlled/living radical polymerization): From discovery to materials design and applications. Prog Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2020.101311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 302] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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65
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Gavrilov AA, Chertovich AV. Polymerization-Induced Microphase Separation with Long-Range Order in Melts of Gradient Copolymers. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2637. [PMID: 33182631 PMCID: PMC7696285 DOI: 10.3390/polym12112637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we studied the question of whether it is possible to develop a one-step approach for the creation of microphase-separated materials with long-range order with the help of spontaneous gradient copolymers, i.e., formed during controlled copolymerization solely due to the large difference in the reactivity ratios. To that end, we studied the polymerization-induced microphase separation in bulk on the example of a monomer pair with realistic parameters based on styrene (S) and vinylpirrolydone (VP) by means of computer simulation. We showed that for experimentally reasonable chain lengths, the structures with long-range order start to appear at the conversion degree as low as 76%; a full phase diagram in coordinates (fraction of VP-conversion degree) was constructed. Rather rich phase behavior was obtained; moreover, at some VP fractions, order-order transitions were observed. Finally, we studied how the conversion degree at which the order-disorder transition occurs changes upon varying the maximum average chain length in the system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey A. Gavrilov
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Alexander V. Chertovich
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
- Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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66
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Hampu N, Werber JR, Hillmyer MA. Co-Casting Highly Selective Dual-Layer Membranes with Disordered Block Polymer Selective Layers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:45351-45362. [PMID: 32986409 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c13726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Highly selective and water permeable dual-layer ultrafiltration (UF) membranes comprising a disordered poly(methyl methacrylate-stat-styrene)-block-poly(lactide) selective layer and a polysulfone (PSF) support layer were fabricated using a co-casting technique. A dilute solution of diblock polymer was spin coated onto a solvent-swollen PSF layer, rapidly heated to dry and disorder the block polymer layer, and subsequently immersed into an ice water coagulation bath to kinetically trap the disordered state in the block polymer selective layer and precipitate the support layer by nonsolvent-induced phase separation. Subsequent removal of the polylactide block generated porous membranes suitable for UF. The permeability of these dual-layer membranes was modulated by tuning the concentration of the PSF casting solution, while the size-selectivity was maintained because of the narrow pore size distribution of the self-assembled block polymer selective layer. Elimination of the thermal annealing step resulted in a dramatic increase in the water permeability without adversely impacting the size-selectivity, as the disordered nanostructure present in the concentrated casting solution was kinetically trapped upon rapid drying. The co-casting strategy outlined in this work may enable the scalable fabrication of block polymer membranes with both high permeability and high selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Hampu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Jay R Werber
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Marc A Hillmyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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67
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Liu T, Liu G. Porous organic materials offer vast future opportunities. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4984. [PMID: 33009391 PMCID: PMC7532140 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15911-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In light of the surging research on porous organic materials, we herein discuss the key issues of their porous structures, surface properties, and end functions. We also present an outlook on emerging opportunities, new applications, and data science-assisted materials discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Guoliang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA. .,Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA. .,Academy of Integrated Science-Division of Nanoscience, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.
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68
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Li Y, Horia R, Tan WX, Larbaram N, Sasangka WA, Manalastas W, Madhavi S, Tan KW. Mesoporous Titanium Oxynitride Monoliths from Block Copolymer-Directed Self-Assembly of Metal-Urea Additives. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:10803-10810. [PMID: 32787003 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c01729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This report describes a simple one-pot soft-templating and ammonolysis-free approach to synthesize mesoporous crystalline titanium oxynitride by combining block copolymer-directed self-assembly with metal sol and urea precursors. The Pluronic F127 triblock copolymer was employed to structure-direct titanium-oxo-acetate sol nanoparticles and urea-formaldehyde into ordered hybrid mesostructured monoliths. The hybrid composites were directly converted into mesoporous crystalline titanium oxynitride and retained macroscale monolithic integrity up to 800 °C under nitrogen. Notably, the urea-formaldehyde additive provided nitrogen and rigid support to the inorganic mesostructure during crystallization. The resultant mesoporous titanium oxynitride exhibited good electrochemical catalytic activity toward hydrogen evolution reaction in 1 M KOH aqueous medium under applied bias. Our results suggest an inexpensive and safe pathway to generate ordered mesoporous crystalline metal oxynitride structures suitable for catalyst and energy-storage applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Raymond Horia
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Wei Xin Tan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Nathawat Larbaram
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Wardhana A Sasangka
- Low Energy Electronic Systems, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology Centre, Singapore 138602, Singapore
| | - William Manalastas
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Srinivasan Madhavi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Kwan W Tan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
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69
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Curing behavior, chain dynamics, and microstructure of high Tg thiol-acrylate networks with systematically varied network heterogeneity. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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70
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Kim I, Shi R, Choe Y, Kim EJ, Kim BJ, Qian HJ, Li S. Stabilization of complex morphologies in highly disperse AB diblock copolymers. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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71
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Shen Z, Chen JL, Vernadskaia V, Ertem SP, Mahanthappa MK, Hillmyer MA, Reineke TM, Lodge TP, Siepmann JI. From Order to Disorder: Computational Design of Triblock Amphiphiles with 1 nm Domains. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:9352-9362. [PMID: 32392052 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c01829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Using molecular dynamics simulations and transferable force fields, we designed a series of symmetric triblock amphiphiles (or high-χ block oligomers) comprising incompatible sugar-based (A) and hydrocarbon (B) blocks that can self-assemble into ordered nanostructures with sub-1 nm domains and full domain pitches as small as 1.2 nm. Depending on the chain length and block sequence, the ordered morphologies include lamellae, perforated lamellae, and hexagonally perforated lamellae. The self-assembly of these amphiphiles bears some similarities, but also some differences, to those formed by symmetric triblock polymers. In lamellae formed by ABA amphiphiles, the fraction of B blocks "bridging" adjacent polar domains is nearly unity, much higher than that found for symmetric triblock polymers, and the bridging molecules adopt elongated conformations. In contrast, "looping" conformations are prevalent for A blocks of BAB amphiphiles. Above the order-disorder transition temperature, the disordered states are locally well-segregated yet the B blocks of ABA amphiphiles are significantly less stretched than in the lamellar phases. Analysis of both hydrogen-bonded and nonpolar clusters reveals the bicontinuous nature of these network phases. This simulation study furnishes detailed insights into structure-property relationships for mesophase formation on the 1 nm length scale that will aid further miniaturization for numerous applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyuan Shen
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, 421 Washington Avenue SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0132, United States.,Chemical Theory Center, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| | - Jingyi L Chen
- Chemical Theory Center, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| | - Viktoriia Vernadskaia
- Chemical Theory Center, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| | - S Piril Ertem
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| | - Mahesh K Mahanthappa
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, 421 Washington Avenue SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0132, United States
| | - Marc A Hillmyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| | - Theresa M Reineke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| | - Timothy P Lodge
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, 421 Washington Avenue SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0132, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| | - J Ilja Siepmann
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, 421 Washington Avenue SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0132, United States.,Chemical Theory Center, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
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72
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Xie Y, Hillmyer MA. Nanostructured Polymer Monoliths for Biomedical Delivery Applications. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:3236-3247. [PMID: 35025366 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Drug delivery systems are designed to control the release rate and location of therapeutic agents in the body to achieve enhanced drug efficacy and to mitigate adverse side effects. In particular, drug-releasing implants provide sustained and localized release. We report nanostructured polymer monoliths synthesized by polymerization-induced microphase separation (PIMS) as potential implantable delivery devices. As a model system, free poly(ethylene oxide) homopolymers were incorporated into the nanoscopic poly(ethylene oxide) domains contained within a cross-linked polystyrene matrix. The in vitro release of these poly(ethylene oxide) molecules from monoliths was investigated as a function of poly(ethylene oxide) loading and molar mass as well as the molar mass and weight fraction of poly(ethylene oxide) macro-chain transfer agent used in the PIMS process for forming the monoliths. We also developed nanostructured microneedles targeting efficient and long-term transdermal drug delivery by combining PIMS and microfabrication techniques. Finally, given the prominence of poly(lactide) in drug delivery devices, the degradation rate of microphase-separated poly(lactide) in PIMS monoliths was evaluated and compared with bulk poly(lactide).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihui Xie
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| | - Marc A Hillmyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
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73
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Lee J, Lopez G, Améduri B, Seo M. Synthesis of Heterograft Copolymers with a Semifluorinated Backbone by Combination of Grafting-through and Grafting-from Polymerizations. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b02493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeonghyeon Lee
- Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Gérald Lopez
- Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Universite ́ de Montpellier, Place Eugene Bataillon, Montpellier, France
| | - Bruno Améduri
- Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Universite ́ de Montpellier, Place Eugene Bataillon, Montpellier, France
| | - Myungeun Seo
- Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Department of Chemistry, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Korea
- KAIST Institute for Nanocentury, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Korea
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74
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Zofchak ES, LaNasa JA, Torres VM, Hickey RJ. Deciphering the Complex Phase Behavior during Polymerization-Induced Nanostructural Transitions of a Block Polymer/Monomer Blend. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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75
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Byard SJ, O'Brien CT, Derry MJ, Williams M, Mykhaylyk OO, Blanazs A, Armes SP. Unique aqueous self-assembly behavior of a thermoresponsive diblock copolymer. Chem Sci 2020; 11:396-402. [PMID: 32153754 PMCID: PMC7021201 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc04197d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well-recognized that block copolymer self-assembly in solution typically produces spheres, worms or vesicles, with the relative volume fraction of each block dictating the copolymer morphology. Stimulus-responsive diblock copolymers that can undergo either sphere/worm or vesicle/worm transitions are also well-documented. Herein we report a new amphiphilic diblock copolymer that can form spheres, worms, vesicles or lamellae in aqueous solution. Such self-assembly behavior is unprecedented for a single diblock copolymer of fixed composition yet is achieved simply by raising the solution temperature from 1 °C (spheres) to 25 °C (worms) to 50 °C (vesicles) to 70 °C (lamellae). Heating increases the degree of hydration (and hence the effective volume fraction) of the core-forming block, with this parameter being solely responsible for driving the sphere-to-worm, worm-to-vesicle and vesicle-to-lamellae transitions. The first two transitions exhibit excellent reversibility but the vesicle-to-lamellae transition exhibits hysteresis on cooling. This new thermoresponsive diblock copolymer provides a useful model for studying such morphological transitions and is likely to be of significant interest for theoretical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Byard
- Department of Chemistry , University of Sheffield , Dainton Building , Brook Hill , Sheffield , South Yorkshire S3 7HF , UK .
| | - Cate T O'Brien
- Department of Chemistry , University of Sheffield , Dainton Building , Brook Hill , Sheffield , South Yorkshire S3 7HF , UK .
| | - Matthew J Derry
- Department of Chemistry , University of Sheffield , Dainton Building , Brook Hill , Sheffield , South Yorkshire S3 7HF , UK .
| | - Mark Williams
- Department of Chemistry , University of Sheffield , Dainton Building , Brook Hill , Sheffield , South Yorkshire S3 7HF , UK .
| | - Oleksandr O Mykhaylyk
- Department of Chemistry , University of Sheffield , Dainton Building , Brook Hill , Sheffield , South Yorkshire S3 7HF , UK .
| | - Adam Blanazs
- BASF SE , GMV/P-B001 , 67056 Ludwigshafen , Germany
| | - Steven P Armes
- Department of Chemistry , University of Sheffield , Dainton Building , Brook Hill , Sheffield , South Yorkshire S3 7HF , UK .
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76
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Howe DH, Jenewein KJ, Hart JL, Taheri ML, Magenau AJD. Functionalization-induced self-assembly under ambient conditions via thiol-epoxide “click” chemistry. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py01144g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Polymer micelles were formed using thiol-epoxide “click” chemistry to trigger functionalization-induced self-assembly (FISA) of block copolymers by modifying a reactive glycidyl methacrylate block with solvophobes.
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Affiliation(s)
- David H. Howe
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Drexel University College of Engineering
- Philadelphia
- USA
| | - Ken J. Jenewein
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Drexel University College of Engineering
- Philadelphia
- USA
| | - James L. Hart
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Drexel University College of Engineering
- Philadelphia
- USA
| | - Mitra L. Taheri
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Drexel University College of Engineering
- Philadelphia
- USA
| | - Andrew J. D. Magenau
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Drexel University College of Engineering
- Philadelphia
- USA
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77
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Park J, Ahn NY, Seo M. Cross-linking polymerization-induced self-assembly to produce branched core cross-linked star block polymer micelles. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py00515k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Copolymerizing a cross-linker in the PISA process spontaneously produces branched core cross-linked block polymer micelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongmin Park
- Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)
- Daejeon 34141
- Korea
| | - Nam Young Ahn
- Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)
- Daejeon 34141
- Korea
| | - Myungeun Seo
- Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)
- Daejeon 34141
- Korea
- Department of Chemistry
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78
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Xie S, Meyer DJ, Wang E, Bates FS, Lodge TP. Structure and Properties of Bicontinuous Microemulsions from Salt-Doped Ternary Polymer Blends. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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79
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Shim J, Bates FS, Lodge TP. Bicontinuous Microemulsions in Partially Charged Ternary Polymer Blends. ACS Macro Lett 2019; 8:1166-1171. [PMID: 35619439 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.9b00554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We describe the phase behavior of a partially charged ternary polymer blend model system, comprising a compositionally symmetric poly[(oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate-co-oligo(ethylene glycol) propyl sodium sulfonate methacrylate)]-b-polystyrene (POEGMA23-PS) diblock polymer and the constituent POEGMA23 and PS homopolymers, along the volumetrically symmetric isopleth, where 23 denotes the percentage of charged monomers in the POEGMA chain. Small-angle neutron and X-ray scattering and dynamic mechanical spectroscopy measurements reveal morphological transitions from a layered superlattice to swollen lamellae to a bicontinuous microemulsion (BμE), followed by macroscopic phase separation, with increasing homopolymer content. The BμE channel occurs between 85 and 90% homopolymer addition, positioned approximately at the isotropic Lifshitz composition predicted by mean-field theory for neutral systems. The resulting BμE morphology exhibits a periodicity of 26 nm, yielding a mesoscopically structured but macroscopically disordered bicontinuous structure. That this structure can be achieved in a charged polymer system is surprising, given the huge asymmetries typically induced by adding charge to either diblock copolymers or binary polymer blends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimin Shim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Frank S. Bates
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Timothy P. Lodge
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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80
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Zhang B, Lu C, Liu Y, Zhou P, Yu Z, Yuan S. Wet spun polyacrylonitrile-based hollow-mesoporous fibers with different draw ratios. POLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.121618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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81
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Lang C, LaNasa JA, Utomo N, Xu Y, Nelson MJ, Song W, Hickner MA, Colby RH, Kumar M, Hickey RJ. Solvent-non-solvent rapid-injection for preparing nanostructured materials from micelles to hydrogels. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3855. [PMID: 31451686 PMCID: PMC6710291 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11804-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to their distinctive molecular architecture, ABA triblock copolymers will undergo specific self-assembly processes into various nanostructures upon introduction into a B-block selective solvent. Although much of the focus in ABA triblock copolymer self-assembly has been on equilibrium nanostructures, little attention has been paid to the guiding principles of nanostructure formation during non-equilibrium processing conditions. Here we report a universal and quantitative method for fabricating and controlling ABA triblock copolymer hierarchical structures using solvent-non-solvent rapid-injection processing. Plasmonic nanocomposite hydrogels containing gold nanoparticles and hierarchically-ordered hydrogels exhibiting structural color can be assembled within one minute using this rapid-injection technique. Surprisingly, the rapid-injection hydrogels display superior mechanical properties compared with those of conventional ABA hydrogels. This work will allow for translation into technologically relevant areas such as drug delivery, tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, and soft robotics, in which structure and mechanical property precision are essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Lang
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Jacob A LaNasa
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Nyalaliska Utomo
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Yifan Xu
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Melissa J Nelson
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Woochul Song
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Michael A Hickner
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Ralph H Colby
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Manish Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
- Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
| | - Robert J Hickey
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
- Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
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82
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Lang C, Ye D, Song W, Yao C, Tu YM, Capparelli C, LaNasa JA, Hickner MA, Gomez EW, Gomez ED, Hickey RJ, Kumar M. Biomimetic Separation of Transport and Matrix Functions in Lamellar Block Copolymer Channel-Based Membranes. ACS NANO 2019; 13:8292-8302. [PMID: 31251576 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b03659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Cell membranes control mass, energy, and information flow to and from the cell. In the cell membrane a lipid bilayer serves as the barrier layer, with highly efficient molecular machines, membrane proteins, serving as the transport elements. In this way, highly specialized transport properties are achieved by these composite materials by segregating the matrix function from the transport function using different components. For example, cell membranes containing aquaporin proteins can transport ∼4 billion water molecules per second per aquaporin while rejecting all other molecules including salts, a feat unmatched by any synthetic system, while the impermeable lipid bilayer provides the barrier and matrix properties. True separation of functions between the matrix and the transport elements has been difficult to achieve in conventional solute separation synthetic membranes. In this study, we created membranes with distinct matrix and transport elements through designed coassembly of solvent-stable artificial (peptide-appended pillar[5]arene, PAP5) or natural (gramicidin A) model channels with block copolymers into lamellar multilayered membranes. Self-assembly of a lamellar structure from cross-linkable triblock copolymers was used as a scalable replacement for lipid bilayers, offering better stability and mechanical properties. By coassembly of channel molecules with block copolymers, we were able to synthesize nanofiltration membranes with sharp selectivity profiles as well as uncharged ion exchange membranes exhibiting ion selectivity. The developed method can be used for incorporation of different artificial and biological ion and water channels into synthetic polymer membranes. The strategy reported here could promote the construction of a range of channel-based membranes and sensors with desired properties, such as ion separations, stimuli responsiveness, and high sensitivity.
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83
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Nguyen HL, Ju S, Hao LT, Tran TH, Cha HG, Cha YJ, Park J, Hwang SY, Yoon DK, Hwang DS, Oh DX. The Renewable and Sustainable Conversion of Chitin into a Chiral Nitrogen-Doped Carbon-Sheath Nanofiber for Enantioselective Adsorption. CHEMSUSCHEM 2019; 12:3236-3242. [PMID: 31081284 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201901176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Well-known hard-template methods for nitrogen (N)-doped chiral carbon nanomaterials require complicated construction and removal of the template, high-temperature pyrolysis, harsh chemical treatments, and additional N-doping processes. If naturally occurring chiral nematic chitin nanostructures [(C8 H13 NO5 )n ] in exoskeletons were wholly transformed into an N-doped carbon, this would be an efficient and sustainable method to obtain a useful chiral nanomaterial. Here, a simple, sacrificial-template-free, and environmentally mild method was developed to produce an N-doped chiral nematic carbon-sheath nanofibril hydrogel with a surface area >300 m2 g-1 and enantioselective properties from renewable chitin biomass. Calcium-saturated methanol physically exfoliated bulk chitin and produced a chiral nematic nanofibril hydrogel. Hydrothermal treatment of the chiral chitin hydrogel at 190 °C produced an N-doped chiral carbon-sheath nanofibril hydrogel without N-doping. This material preferentially adsorbed d-lactic acid over l-lactic acid and produced 16.3 % enantiomeric excess of l-lactic acid from a racemic mixture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoang-Linh Nguyen
- Research Center for Bio-based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan, 44429, Republic of Korea
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungbin Ju
- Research Center for Bio-based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan, 44429, Republic of Korea
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Lam Tan Hao
- Research Center for Bio-based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan, 44429, Republic of Korea
- Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 305-333, Republic of Korea
| | - Thang Hong Tran
- Research Center for Bio-based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan, 44429, Republic of Korea
- Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 305-333, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Gil Cha
- Research Center for Bio-based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan, 44429, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Jeong Cha
- Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeyoung Park
- Research Center for Bio-based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan, 44429, Republic of Korea
- Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 305-333, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Yeon Hwang
- Research Center for Bio-based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan, 44429, Republic of Korea
- Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 305-333, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Ki Yoon
- Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 305-701, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, KAIST, Daejeon, 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Soo Hwang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongyeop X Oh
- Research Center for Bio-based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan, 44429, Republic of Korea
- Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 305-333, Republic of Korea
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84
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Ghaffari S, Chan PK, Mehrvar M. Computer Simulation of Anisotropic Polymeric Materials Using Polymerization-Induced Phase Separation under Combined Temperature and Concentration Gradients. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11061076. [PMID: 31234421 PMCID: PMC6631548 DOI: 10.3390/polym11061076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the self-condensation polymerization of a tri-functional monomer in a monomer-solvent mixture and the phase separation of the system were simultaneously modeled and simulated. Nonlinear Cahn–Hilliard and Flory–Huggins free energy theories incorporated with the kinetics of the polymerization reaction were utilized to develop the model. Linear temperature and concentration gradients singly and in combination were applied to the system. Eight cases which faced different ranges of initial concentration and/or temperature gradients in different directions, were studied. Various anisotropic structural morphologies were achieved. The numerical results were in good agreement with published data. The size analysis and structural characterization of the phase-separated system were also carried out using digital imaging software. The results showed that the phase separation occurred earlier in the section with a higher initial concentration and/or temperature, and, at a given time, the average equivalent diameter of the droplets <dave> was larger in this region. While smaller droplets formed later in the lower concentration/temperature regions, at the higher concentration/temperature side, the droplets went through phase separation longer, allowing them to reach the late stage of the phase separation where particles coarsened. In the intermediate stage of phase separation, <dave> was found proportional to t*α, where α was in the range between 13 and 12 for the cases studied and was consistent with published results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shima Ghaffari
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada.
| | - Philip K Chan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada.
| | - Mehrab Mehrvar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada.
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85
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Ultrafiltration membranes from polymerization of self-assembled Pluronic block copolymer mesophases. J Memb Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2019.02.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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86
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Cho S, Son J, Kim I, Ahn H, Jang HS, Joo SH, Park KH, Lee E, Kim Y, Ahn SK. Asymmetric polystyrene-polylactide bottlebrush random copolymers: Synthesis, self-assembly and nanoporous structures. POLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.04.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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87
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Zhang H, Ma S, Li Y, Ou J, Wei Y, Ye M. Thiol-ene polymerization for hierarchically porous hybrid materials by adding degradable polycaprolactone for adsorption of bisphenol A. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 367:465-472. [PMID: 30616196 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.12.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Hierarchically porous materials with multiple pore structures have the potential application in catalysis, separation or bioengineering. A concept was introduced to design and fabricate hierarchically porous hybrid materials (HPHMs) simultaneously containing mesopores and macropores. The proof-of-concept design was demonstrated by fabrication of several kinds of hybrid materials by adding degradable polycaprolactone (PCL) additive, which was simple and easy-operating. The specific surface areas of HPHMs prepared with polyhedral oligomeric vinylsilsesquioxanes (vinylPOSS) and 1,4-dithiothreitol (DTT) could reach 727 m2/g by adding 25% PCL additive, while the HPHMs were imperforate prior to degradation of PCL. The characterization further indicated that the macropores could be controlled by the amount of PCL additive. Moreover, the porous properties of HPHMs were influenced by the molecular weight of PCL. Other dithiols compounds were also successful in preparing HPHMs with high specific surface areas over 400 m2/g. Due to hydrophobic interaction and hydrogen bond interaction, the HPHM exhibited good adsorption ability for bisphenol A (BPA) in aqueous solution. Adsorption equilibrium could be achieved within 30 min, and the adsorption capacity was up to 157.4 mg/g. Meanwhile, the removal efficiency was found to be 95.37% for BPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Dalian, 116023, China; Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Function Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Shujuan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Dalian, 116023, China; Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Function Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Ya Li
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Dalian, 116023, China; Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Function Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Junjie Ou
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Dalian, 116023, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Yinmao Wei
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Function Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China.
| | - Mingliang Ye
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Dalian, 116023, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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88
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Utroša P, Žagar E, Kovačič S, Pahovnik D. Porous Polystyrene Monoliths Prepared from in Situ Simultaneous Interpenetrating Polymer Networks: Modulation of Morphology by Polymerization Kinetics. Macromolecules 2019; 52:819-826. [PMID: 31496541 PMCID: PMC6727602 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Semi-interpenetrating polymer networks (semi-IPNs) were prepared by in situ simultaneous orthogonal polymerizations, where the linear poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) was synthesized by ring-opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone and the poly(styrene-co-divinylbenzene) (PS) network was formed by free-radical polymerization of styrene/divinylbenzene. Semi-IPNs were used as the precursors for the preparation of porous PS monoliths. To this end, the PCL domains were selectively removed by hydrolysis under basic conditions. By changing the amount of organocatalyst used for the ring-opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone, the relative polymerization kinetics of both monomers was varied, which has a pronounced effect on the morphology of thus-obtained PS frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Utroša
- Department
of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, National
Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ema Žagar
- Department
of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, National
Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Sebastijan Kovačič
- Department
of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, National
Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Laboratory for Organic and
Polymer Chemistry and Technology, University
of Maribor, Smetanova
17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - David Pahovnik
- Department
of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, National
Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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89
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Zhou Z, Liu T, Khan AU, Liu G. Block copolymer-based porous carbon fibers. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaau6852. [PMID: 30746487 PMCID: PMC6358319 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aau6852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Carbon fibers have high surface areas and rich functionalities for interacting with ions, molecules, and particles. However, the control over their porosity remains challenging. Conventional syntheses rely on blending polyacrylonitrile with sacrificial additives, which macrophase-separate and result in poorly controlled pores after pyrolysis. Here, we use block copolymer microphase separation, a fundamentally disparate approach to synthesizing porous carbon fibers (PCFs) with well-controlled mesopores (~10 nm) and micropores (~0.5 nm). Without infiltrating any carbon precursors or dopants, poly(acrylonitrile-block-methyl methacrylate) is directly converted to nitrogen and oxygen dual-doped PCFs. Owing to the interconnected network and the highly optimal bimodal pores, PCFs exhibit substantially reduced ion transport resistance and an ultrahigh capacitance of 66 μF cm-2 (6.6 times that of activated carbon). The approach of using block copolymer precursors revolutionizes the synthesis of PCFs. The advanced electrochemical properties signify that PCFs represent a new platform material for electrochemical energy storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengping Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Tianyu Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Assad U. Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Guoliang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
- Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
- Division of Nanoscience, Academy of Integrated Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
- Corresponding author.
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90
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Bouharras FE, Raihane M, Silly G, Totee C, Ameduri B. Core–shell structured poly(vinylidene fluoride)-grafted-BaTiO3 nanocomposites prepared via reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization of VDF for high energy storage capacitors. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py01706a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Core–shell structured PVDF-g-BaTiO3 nanocomposites were prepared by surface-initiated RAFT of VDF from BaTiO3 nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Ezzahra Bouharras
- Laboratory of Organometallic and Macromolecular Chemistry-Composite Materials (LCO2MC). Faculty of Sciences and Techniques
- Cadi-Ayyad University
- 40000 Marrakesh
- Morocco
- Institut Charles Gerhardt
| | - Mustapha Raihane
- Laboratory of Organometallic and Macromolecular Chemistry-Composite Materials (LCO2MC). Faculty of Sciences and Techniques
- Cadi-Ayyad University
- 40000 Marrakesh
- Morocco
| | - Gilles Silly
- Institut Charles Gerhardt
- UMR 5253 CNRS
- University of Montpellier
- ENSCM
- 34095 Cedex 5 Montpellier
| | - Cedric Totee
- Institut Charles Gerhardt
- UMR 5253 CNRS
- University of Montpellier
- ENSCM
- 34095 Cedex 5 Montpellier
| | - Bruno Ameduri
- Institut Charles Gerhardt
- UMR 5253 CNRS
- University of Montpellier
- ENSCM
- 34095 Cedex 5 Montpellier
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91
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Weng H, Wu Z, Zhao C, Wang M, Ge X, Yamashita S, Tang J, Lin M. Construction of polyporous polymer microspheres with a tailored mesoporous wall. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py01714j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Polymer microspheres with a novel hierarchically porous structure (inner macropores and a mesoporous wall) were fabricated by taking advantage of γ-ray-radiation-initiated dispersion polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanqin Weng
- Department of Engineering and Applied Physics
- School of Physical Sciences
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
- China
| | - Zhihao Wu
- Department of Engineering and Applied Physics
- School of Physical Sciences
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
- China
| | - Chi Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
- China
| | - Mozhen Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
- China
| | - Xuewu Ge
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
- China
| | - Shinichi Yamashita
- Nuclear Professional School
- School of Engineering
- The University of Tokyo
- Ibaraki 319-1188
- Japan
| | - Jia Tang
- Department of Engineering and Applied Physics
- School of Physical Sciences
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
- China
| | - Mingzhang Lin
- Department of Engineering and Applied Physics
- School of Physical Sciences
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
- China
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92
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Howe DH, Hart JL, McDaniel RM, Taheri ML, Magenau AJD. Functionalization-Induced Self-Assembly of Block Copolymers for Nanoparticle Synthesis. ACS Macro Lett 2018; 7:1503-1508. [PMID: 35651226 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.8b00815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticle synthesis was demonstrated via functionalization-induced self-assembly (FISA) of block copolymers using Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling. In situ self-assembly was triggered in organic media by the progressive installation of solvophobic pendant groups onto an initially soluble diblock copolymer, rendering the reactive block insoluble and causing the formation of spherical polymeric micelles. Self-assembly was found to depend on the percent functionalization (f%), where after a critical threshold micelles were accessible that increased in size with increasing f% values. We found the chemical nature of the installed functional group to be crucial for conducting FISA and for controlling the solution morphology, with relatively solvophilic adducts remaining as unimers and increasingly solvophobic adducts trending toward larger micelles, from ca. 40 to 100 nm in diameter. The core and corona of the anticipated micellar structure were visualized using fluorine mapping through electron energy loss spectroscopy, in conjunction with FISA achieved through pendent trifluorophenyl functionality. This work establishes FISA as a new, versatile synthetic strategy to create nanoparticles having tunable morphologies with potential application as molecular payload delivery vehicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- David H. Howe
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - James L. Hart
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Riki M. McDaniel
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Mitra L. Taheri
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Andrew J. D. Magenau
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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93
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Lee J, Seo M. Hyper-Cross-Linked Polymer with Enhanced Porosity by In Situ Removal of Trimethylsilyl Group via Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution. ACS Macro Lett 2018; 7:1448-1454. [PMID: 35651221 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.8b00752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We report the synthesis of microporous hyper-cross-linked polymers (HCPs) with increased specific surface area and porosity by the in situ removal of trimethylsilyl (TMS) groups during hyper-cross-linking. We synthesized poly(4-trimethylsilylstyrene-co-vinylbenzyl chloride-co-divinylbenzene)s (P(TMSS-co-VBzCl-co-DVB)s) with different compositions by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer copolymerization and converted them into HCPs by reacting with FeCl3 in 1,2-dichloroethane. The nearly quantitative removal of the TMS groups was observed during the reaction following the electrophilic aromatic substitution mechanism, where the TMS group shows higher reactivity than an aromatic hydrogen. Substantial enhancement in pore characteristics including surface area, microporosity, and mesoporosity was noticed up to a certain level of TMSS incorporation, compared with HCP derived from P(VBzCl-co-DVB). We suggest the porogenic TMS group increases porosity mainly by in situ removal via facilitated substitution reaction, which creates permanent voids in the hyper-cross-linked network. The use of TMSS provides a feasible and complementary route to tuning the pore characteristics of HCPs by varying DVB content, and is applicable to the synthesis of hierarchically porous polymers containing micropores within a mesoporous framework from block polymer precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeonghyeon Lee
- Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Myungeun Seo
- Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Department of Chemistry, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Korea
- KAIST Institute for Nanocentury, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Korea
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94
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Jeon C, Han JJ, Seo M. Control of Ion Transport in Sulfonated Mesoporous Polymer Membranes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:40854-40862. [PMID: 30384592 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b14712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We investigated proton conductivity and the permeability of monovalent cations across sulfonated mesoporous membranes (SMMs) prepared with well-defined pore sizes and adjustable sulfonic acid content. Mesoporous membranes with three-dimensionally continuous pore structure were produced by the polymerization-induced microphase separation (PIMS) process involving the reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) copolymerization of styrene and divinylbenzene in the presence of a polylactide (PLA) macrochain transfer agent and subsequent PLA etching. This allowed us to control pore size by varying PLA molar mass. Postsulfonation of the mesoporous membranes yielded SMMs whose pore structure was retained. The sulfonic acid content was adjusted by reaction time. While proton conductivity increased with increasing ion exchange capacity (IEC) without noticeable dependence on the pore size, ion permeability was strongly influenced by the pore size and IEC values. Decreasing pore size and increasing IEC resulted in a decrease in ion permeability, suggesting that ions traverse across the membrane via the vehicular mechanism, through the mesoporous spaces filled with water. We further observed that the permeability of the vanadium oxide ion was dramatically suppressed by reducing the pore size below 4 nm, which was consistent with preliminary vanadium redox flow battery data. Our approach suggests a route to developing permselective membranes by decoupling proton conductivity and ion permeability, which could be useful for designing separator materials for next-generation battery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Choongseop Jeon
- Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology , Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , Daejeon 34141 , Republic of Korea
| | | | - Myungeun Seo
- Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology , Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , Daejeon 34141 , Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry , KAIST , Daejeon 34141 , Republic of Korea
- Advanced Battery Center, KAIST Institute for Nanocentury , KAIST , Daejeon 34141 , Republic of Korea
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95
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Zhou HJ, Yang GW, Zhang YY, Xu ZK, Wu GP. Bioinspired Block Copolymer for Mineralized Nanoporous Membrane. ACS NANO 2018; 12:11471-11480. [PMID: 30380839 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b06521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Homoporous membranes fabricated by self-assembled block copolymers (BCPs) have gained growing attention for their easy availability of well-ordered nanostructures for precise separation. However, it remains a challenges to improve the mechanical integrity, hydrophilic properties, and pore functionalities of the existing systems. To this end, we report an organic-mineral composite hybrid nanoporous BCP membrane with attractive superhydrophilicity, mechanical stability, and fouling-resistance derived from a bioinspired block copolymer, poly(propylene carbonate)- block-poly(4-vinylcatechol acetonide) (PPC- b-PVCA). The key advances include the following. (1) The PPC minor block is qualified as sacrificial domain because of its alkali sensitivity for generating monodisperse nanopores. (2) The PVCA matrix block contains the catechol groups, which enables the formation of inorganic layer via a biomineralization process, thus producing an organic-mineral composite nanoporous BCP membrane with attractive superhydrophilicity, mechanical stability, and fouling resistance. A ∼200 nm thickness BCP film with monodisperse through-pores of 12 nm diameter cylinders oriented perpendicularly to a supporting microfiltration membrane is fabricated by sequential blade-casting, solvent annealing, hydrolysis sacrificial block, and biomineralization process. The mechanical stability, high water flow (114 L m-2 h-1 bar-1), size fractionation of nanoparticles, as well as protein antiadsorption performance make the strategy provided here hold the promise of affording an advance platform for filtration, catalysis, and drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Jun Zhou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, and Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials & Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , China
| | - Guan-Wen Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, and Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials & Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , China
| | - Yao-Yao Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, and Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials & Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , China
| | - Zhi-Kang Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, and Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials & Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , China
| | - Guang-Peng Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, and Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials & Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , China
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96
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Guo T, Gao J, Xu M, Ju Y, Li J, Xue H. Hierarchically Porous Organic Materials Derived From Copolymers: Preparation and Electrochemical Applications. POLYM REV 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/15583724.2018.1488730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Teng Guo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jiefeng Gao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Mengjiao Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yun Ju
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jiye Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Huaiguo Xue
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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97
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Zhang H, Li X, Yao Y, Ma S, Liu Z, Ou J, Wei Y, Ye M. Sol-gel preparation of titanium (IV)-immobilized hierarchically porous organosilica hybrid monoliths. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1046:199-207. [PMID: 30482300 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.09.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Hierarchically porous monoliths as a key feature of biological materials have been applied in enrichment and separation. In this work, a metal immobilized hierarchically porous organosilica hybrid monolith was synthesized by hydrolysis and condensation of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) and diethoxyphosphorylethyl-triethoxysilane (DPTS) under alkaline environment. Phosphonate ester groups were firstly introduced by the employment of DPTS as functional monomer, and then acidified to phosphonic acids. The surface area of optimal monolith could reach to 1170 m2/g, which simultaneously contained micropores and mesopores (4 nm) obtained from nitrogen sorption measurement. Meanwhile, mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) further demonstrated that macropores (1-3 μm) existed in monoliths. Followed by chelating with titanium ion (Ti4+), the hierarchically porous organosilica hybrid monoliths could be applied as IMAC materials. This synthesized process was easy-operating and time-saving, and avoided the tedious and complex process of traditional Ti4+-IMAC materials. Furthermore, the Ti4+-IMAC monoliths exhibited high adsorption capacity for pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (82.6 mg/g). The 3282 unique phosphopeptides could be identified from 100 μg of HeLa digests after enrichment with the monolith, exhibiting excellent enrichment performance of low-abundance phosphopeptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Dalian, 116023, China; Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Function Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaowei Li
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Dalian, 116023, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yating Yao
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Dalian, 116023, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shujuan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Dalian, 116023, China; Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Function Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Dalian, 116023, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Junjie Ou
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Dalian, 116023, China.
| | - Yinmao Wei
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Function Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China.
| | - Mingliang Ye
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Dalian, 116023, China
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98
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Shen KH, Brown JR, Hall LM. Diffusion in Lamellae, Cylinders, and Double Gyroid Block Copolymer Nanostructures. ACS Macro Lett 2018; 7:1092-1098. [PMID: 35632941 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.8b00506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
We study transport of penetrants through nanoscale morphologies motivated by common block copolymer morphologies, using confined random walks and coarse-grained simulations. Diffusion through randomly oriented grains is 1/3 for cylinder and 2/3 for lamellar morphologies versus an unconstrained (homopolymer) system, as previously understood. Diffusion in the double gyroid structure depends on the volume fraction and is 0.47-0.55 through the minority phase at 30-50 vol % and 0.73-0.80 through the majority at 50-70 vol %. Thus, among randomly oriented standard minority phase structures with no grain boundary effects, lamellae is preferable for transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Hsuan Shen
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, 151 West Woodruff Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Jonathan R. Brown
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, 151 West Woodruff Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Lisa M. Hall
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, 151 West Woodruff Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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99
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Zeng D, Ribbe A, Kim H, Hayward RC. Stress-Induced Orientation of Cocontinuous Nanostructures within Randomly End-Linked Copolymer Networks. ACS Macro Lett 2018; 7:828-833. [PMID: 35650755 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.8b00453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Randomly end-linked copolymer networks (RECNs) provide a robust route to self-assembled cocontinuous nanostructures. Here, we study the orientation of cocontinuous polystyrene/poly(d,l-lactide) (PS/PLA) RECNs induced by uniaxial stretching above the glass transition temperatures of the components. Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) reveals that the domains initially undergo nonaffine stretching at low strain (ε < 0.4), followed by domain rotation at larger strains, yielding a "soft elastic" response and providing a high degree of orientation. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) tomography confirms that stretching leads to topological changes in the nanostructure, corresponding to reorganization of domain interfaces. The combination of orientation at the molecular and nanostructural levels provides substantial improvements in yield strength, toughness, and stiffness. In addition to possibilities for improving mechanical properties, cocontinuous nanostructures with controlled levels of orientation have potential in a variety of contexts including directional ion transport and energy absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Zeng
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003-9263, United States
| | - Alexander Ribbe
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003-9263, United States
| | - Hyunki Kim
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003-9263, United States
| | - Ryan C. Hayward
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003-9263, United States
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Zofchak ES, LaNasa JA, Mei W, Hickey RJ. Polymerization-Induced Nanostructural Transitions Driven by In Situ Polymer Grafting. ACS Macro Lett 2018; 7:822-827. [PMID: 35650775 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.8b00378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Polymerization-induced structural transitions have gained attention recently due to the ease of creating and modifying nanostructured materials with controlled morphologies and length scales. Here, we show that order-order and disorder-order nanostructural transitions are possible using in situ polymer grafting from the diblock polymer, poly(styrene)-block-poly(butadiene). In our approach, we are able to control the resulting nanostructure (lamellar, hexagonally packed cylinders, and disordered spheres) by changing the initial block polymer/monomer ratio. The nanostructural transition occurs by a grafting from mechanism in which poly(styrene) chains are initiated from the poly(butadiene) block via the creation of an allylic radical, which increases the overall molecular weight and the poly(styrene) volume fraction. The work presented here highlights how the chemical process of converting standard linear diblock copolymers to grafted block polymers drives interesting and controllable polymerization-induced morphology transitions.
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