51
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Xu L, Lin J, Liu Y, Hua B, Cheng Q, Lin C, Yan Z, Wang Y, Sun N, Qian R, Lu C. CLOCK regulates Drp1 mRNA stability and mitochondrial homeostasis by interacting with PUF60. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110635. [PMID: 35417690 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian genes such as Clock, Bmal1, Cryptochrome1/2, and Period1/2/3 constitute the precise circadian system. ClockΔ19 is a commonly used mouse model harboring a circadian clock gene mutation, which lacks the EXON-19-encoded 51 amino acids. Previous reports have shown that ClockΔ19 mice have severe metabolic abnormalities. Here, we report that the mitochondria of ClockΔ19 mice exhibit excessive fission and dysfunction. We also demonstrate that CLOCK binds to the RNA-binding protein PUF60 through its EXON 19. Further, we find that PUF60 directly maintains mitochondrial homeostasis through regulating Drp1 mRNA stability, while the association with CLOCK can competitively inhibit this function. In ClockΔ19 mice, CLOCKΔ19 releases PUF60, leading to enhanced Drp1 mRNA stability and persistent mitochondrial fission. Our results reveal a direct post-transcriptional role of CLOCK in regulating mitochondrial homeostasis via Drp1 mRNA stability and that the loss of EXON 19 of CLOCK in ClockΔ19 mice leads to severe mitochondrial homeostasis disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lirong Xu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jiaxin Lin
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yutong Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Bingxuan Hua
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qianyun Cheng
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Changpo Lin
- Institute of Vascular Surgery, Department of Vascular Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zuoqin Yan
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yaping Wang
- Department of Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Ning Sun
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Jiangsu 214122, China.
| | - Ruizhe Qian
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Chao Lu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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52
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Cheng Q, Lu C, Qian R. The circadian clock regulates metabolic responses to physical exercise. Chronobiol Int 2022; 39:907-917. [PMID: 35282722 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2022.2050384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
It has been proposed for years that physical exercise ameliorates metabolic diseases. Optimal exercise timing in humans and mammals has indicated that circadian clocks play a vital role in exercise and body metabolism. Skeletal muscle metabolism exhibits a robust circadian rhythm under the control of the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus. Clock genes also control the development, differentiation, and function of skeletal muscles. In this review, we aimed to clarify the relationship between exercise, skeletal muscles, and the circadian clock. Health benefits can be attained by the scheduling of exercise at the best circadian time. Exercise therapy for metabolic diseases and cardiovascular health is a key adjuvant method. This review highlights the importance of exercise timing in maintaining healthy metabolism and circadian clocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianyun Cheng
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Lu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruizhe Qian
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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53
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Koch AA, Bagnall JS, Smyllie NJ, Begley N, Adamson AD, Fribourgh JL, Spiller DG, Meng QJ, Partch CL, Strimmer K, House TA, Hastings MH, Loudon ASI. Quantification of protein abundance and interaction defines a mechanism for operation of the circadian clock. eLife 2022; 11:73976. [PMID: 35285799 PMCID: PMC8983044 DOI: 10.7554/elife.73976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian circadian clock exerts control of daily gene expression through cycles of DNA binding. Here, we develop a quantitative model of how a finite pool of BMAL1 protein can regulate thousands of target sites over daily time scales. We used quantitative imaging to track dynamic changes in endogenous labelled proteins across peripheral tissues and the SCN. We determine the contribution of multiple rhythmic processes coordinating BMAL1 DNA binding, including cycling molecular abundance, binding affinities, and repression. We find nuclear BMAL1 concentration determines corresponding CLOCK through heterodimerisation and define a DNA residence time of this complex. Repression of CLOCK:BMAL1 is achieved through rhythmic changes to BMAL1:CRY1 association and high-affinity interactions between PER2:CRY1 which mediates CLOCK:BMAL1 displacement from DNA. Finally, stochastic modelling reveals a dual role for PER:CRY complexes in which increasing concentrations of PER2:CRY1 promotes removal of BMAL1:CLOCK from genes consequently enhancing ability to move to new target sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Ashton Koch
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - James S Bagnall
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola J Smyllie
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Medical Research Council, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola Begley
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Antony D Adamson
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer L Fribourgh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, United States
| | - David G Spiller
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Qing-Jun Meng
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Carrie L Partch
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, United States
| | - Korbinian Strimmer
- Department of Mathematics, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas A House
- Department of Mathematics, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Michael H Hastings
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Medical Research Council, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew S I Loudon
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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54
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Identification of novel small molecules targeting core clock proteins to regulate circadian rhythm. Curr Opin Chem Eng 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coche.2021.100730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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55
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Gabryelska A, Turkiewicz S, Karuga FF, Sochal M, Strzelecki D, Białasiewicz P. Disruption of Circadian Rhythm Genes in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Patients-Possible Mechanisms Involved and Clinical Implication. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020709. [PMID: 35054894 PMCID: PMC8775490 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a chronic condition characterized by recurrent pauses in breathing caused by the collapse of the upper airways, which results in intermittent hypoxia and arousals during the night. The disorder is associated with a vast number of comorbidities affecting different systems, including cardiovascular, metabolic, psychiatric, and neurological complications. Due to abnormal sleep architecture, OSA patients are at high risk of circadian clock disruption, as has been reported in several recent studies. The circadian clock affects almost all daily behavioral patterns, as well as a plethora of physiological processes, and might be one of the key factors contributing to OSA complications. An intricate interaction between the circadian clock and hypoxia may further affect these processes, which has a strong foundation on the molecular level. Recent studies revealed an interaction between hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1), a key regulator of oxygen metabolism, and elements of circadian clocks. This relationship has a strong base in the structure of involved elements, as HIF-1 as well as PER, CLOCK, and BMAL, belong to the same Per-Arnt-Sim domain family. Therefore, this review summarizes the available knowledge on the molecular mechanism of circadian clock disruption and its influence on the development and progression of OSA comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Gabryelska
- Department of Sleep Medicine and Metabolic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (S.T.); (F.F.K.); (M.S.); (P.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-660796004
| | - Szymon Turkiewicz
- Department of Sleep Medicine and Metabolic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (S.T.); (F.F.K.); (M.S.); (P.B.)
| | - Filip Franciszek Karuga
- Department of Sleep Medicine and Metabolic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (S.T.); (F.F.K.); (M.S.); (P.B.)
| | - Marcin Sochal
- Department of Sleep Medicine and Metabolic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (S.T.); (F.F.K.); (M.S.); (P.B.)
| | - Dominik Strzelecki
- Department of Affective and Psychotic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Piotr Białasiewicz
- Department of Sleep Medicine and Metabolic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (S.T.); (F.F.K.); (M.S.); (P.B.)
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56
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Dong P, Wang Y, Liu Y, Zhu C, Lin J, Qian R, Hua L, Lu C. BMAL1 induces colorectal cancer metastasis by stimulating exosome secretion. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:373-384. [PMID: 34727291 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06883-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To adapt to daily changes in the external environment, organisms have developed circadian rhythm systems with a period of approximately 24 h. Many studies have reported that both circadian rhythms and exosomes play important roles in the development and metastasis of tumors. However, whether circadian clock genes can affect the progression of tumors by regulating exosomes remains unclear. METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, we isolated exosomes from the supernatant of human colorectal cancer (CRC) cells, including SW480, SW620, and HCT116 cells, by differential centrifugation and characterized exosomes by transmission electron microscopy, nanoparticle tracking analysis, and Western blot analysis. Then, we found that exosomes derived from SW480, SW620 and HCT116 cells could promote the migration of HCT116 and human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Exosomes derived from SW620 cells showed increased stimulating effects when we increased the expression of BMAL1, a core circadian protein. In contrast, exosomes derived from SW480 and HCT116 cells showed decreased stimulating effects when we knocked down the expression of BMAL1. Furthermore, we discovered that BMAL1 promotes the release of exosomes by HCT116 and SW620 cells. In addition, by luciferase assay, we confirmed that BMAL1 transcriptionally regulates the expression of Rab27a, a key molecule related to the secretion of exosomes. CONCLUSIONS Our data reveal a new mechanism by which BMAL1 induces CRC metastasis by stimulating exosome secretion. This finding may help further clarify the role of circadian rhythm in the progression of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengjuan Dong
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yaping Wang
- Department of Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Yutong Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Chunting Zhu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jiaxin Lin
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ruizhe Qian
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Luchun Hua
- Department of Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
| | - Chao Lu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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57
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Phylogenetic Analysis with Prediction of Cofactor or Ligand Binding for Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAS and Cache Domains. Microbiol Spectr 2021; 9:e0102621. [PMID: 34937179 PMCID: PMC8694187 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01026-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PAS domains are omnipresent building blocks of multidomain proteins in all domains of life. Bacteria possess a variety of PAS domains in intracellular proteins and the related Cache domains in periplasmic or extracellular proteins. PAS and Cache domains are predominant in sensory systems, often carry cofactors or bind ligands, and serve as dimerization domains in protein association. To aid our understanding of the wide distribution of these domains, we analyzed the proteome of the opportunistic human pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 in silico. The ability of this bacterium to survive under different environmental conditions, to switch between planktonic and sessile/biofilm lifestyle, or to evade stresses, notably involves c-di-GMP regulatory proteins or depends on sensory pathways involving multidomain proteins that possess PAS or Cache domains. Maximum likelihood phylogeny was used to group PAS and Cache domains on the basis of amino acid sequence. Conservation of cofactor- or ligand-coordinating amino acids aided by structure-based comparison was used to inform function. The resulting classification presented here includes PAS domains that are candidate binders of carboxylic acids, amino acids, fatty acids, flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), 4-hydroxycinnamic acid, and heme. These predictions are put in context to previously described phenotypic data, often generated from deletion mutants. The analysis predicts novel functions for sensory proteins and sheds light on functional diversification in a large set of proteins with similar architecture. IMPORTANCE To adjust to a variety of life conditions, bacteria typically use multidomain proteins, where the modular structure allows functional differentiation. Proteins responding to environmental cues and regulating physiological responses are found in chemotaxis pathways that respond to a wide range of stimuli to affect movement. Environmental cues also regulate intracellular levels of cyclic-di-GMP, a universal bacterial secondary messenger that is a key determinant of bacterial lifestyle and virulence. We study Pseudomonas aeruginosa, an organism known to colonize a broad range of environments that can switch lifestyle between the sessile biofilm and the planktonic swimming form. We have investigated the PAS and Cache domains, of which we identified 101 in 70 Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 proteins, and have grouped these by phylogeny with domains of known structure. The resulting data set integrates sequence analysis and structure prediction to infer ligand or cofactor binding. With this data set, functional predictions for PAS and Cache domain-containing proteins are made.
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58
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Meinhardt MW, Giannone F, Hirth N, Bartsch D, Spampinato SM, Kelsch W, Spanagel R, Sommer WH, Hansson AC. Disrupted circadian expression of beta-arrestin 2 affects reward-related µ-opioid receptor function in alcohol dependence. J Neurochem 2021; 160:454-468. [PMID: 34919270 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence for a daily rhythm of μ-opioid receptor (MOR) efficacy and the development of alcohol dependence. Previous studies show that beta-Arrestin 2 (bArr2) has an impact on alcohol intake, at least partially mediated via modulation of MOR signaling, which in turn mediates the alcohol rewarding effects. Considering the interplay of circadian rhythms on MOR and alcohol dependence, we aimed to investigate bArr2 in alcohol dependence at different time-points of the day/light cycle on the level of bArr2 mRNA (in situ hybridization), MOR availability (receptor autoradiography) and MOR signaling (Damgo-stimulated G-protein coupling) in the nucleus accumbens of alcohol-dependent and non-dependent Wistar rats. Using a microarray data set we found that bArr2, but not bArr1, shows a diurnal transcription pattern in the accumbens of naïve rats with higher expression levels during the active cycle. In three-week abstinent rats, bArr2 is upregulated in the accumbens at the beginning of the active cycle (ZT15), whereas no differences were found at the beginning of the inactive cycle (ZT3), compared to controls. This effect was accompanied with a specific downregulation of MOR binding in the active cycle. Additionally, we detect a higher receptor coupling during the inactive cycle compared to the active cycle in alcohol-dependent animals. Together, we report a daily rhythmicity for bArr2 expression linked to an inverse pattern of MOR, suggesting an involvement for bArr2 on circadian regulation of G-protein coupled receptors in alcohol dependence. The presented data may have implications for the development of novel bArr2-related treatment targets for alcoholism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus W Meinhardt
- Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5, 68159, Mannheim, Germany.,Department of Molecular Neuroimaging, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5, 68159, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Francesco Giannone
- Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5, 68159, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Nathalie Hirth
- Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5, 68159, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Dusan Bartsch
- Department of Molecular Biology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5, 68159, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Santi M Spampinato
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Wolfgang Kelsch
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5, 68159, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Rainer Spanagel
- Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5, 68159, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Wolfgang H Sommer
- Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5, 68159, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Anita C Hansson
- Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5, 68159, Mannheim, Germany
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59
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Cheng Q, Fan X, Liu Y, Xu L, Dong P, Song L, Qian R. miR-455-5p regulates circadian rhythms by accelerating the degradation of Clock mRNA. IUBMB Life 2021; 74:245-258. [PMID: 34904778 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are approximately 24-hr cycles generated by organisms to adapt to daily rhythms. Core circadian proteins such as CLOCK, BMAL1, PER1/2, and CRY1/2/3 form a transcription-translation feedback loop (TTFL) to maintain circadian rhythms. MicroRNAs are involved in regulating circadian rhythms; however, the detailed mechanisms remain unclear. Here, using miRNA-seq screening, we discovered that the expression level of miR-455 was controlled by CLOCK. Furthermore, miR-455-5p also binds to the 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) of Clock mRNA and regulates its stability. To further study whether such mutual regulation forms a feedback loop to regulate circadian rhythms, we recorded bioluminescence traces of Per2::Luc U2OS cells in real time and confirmed that overexpression of miR-455-5p lengthens the period and attenuates the amplitude of circadian rhythms in synchronized cells (and vice versa). We also discovered that miR-455-5p can function as a Clock modulator to induce a fine-orchestral circadian rhythm in vitro, as well as other known factors such as dexamethasone, horse serum, or temperature. In conclusion, miR-455-5p is essential for maintaining a normal circadian rhythm via regulating Clock mRNA stability. Our study reveals a new mutual regulatory mechanism between CLOCK protein, Clock mRNA, and miR-455-5p, which regulates circadian rhythms in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianyun Cheng
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Research Center on Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyi Fan
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Research Center on Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yutong Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Research Center on Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lirong Xu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Research Center on Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pengjuan Dong
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Research Center on Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liwen Song
- School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruizhe Qian
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Research Center on Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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60
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Kotwica-Rolinska J, Chodáková L, Smýkal V, Damulewicz M, Provazník J, Wu BCH, Hejníková M, Chvalová D, Doležel D. Loss of Timeless Underlies an Evolutionary Transition within the Circadian Clock. Mol Biol Evol 2021; 39:6454103. [PMID: 34893879 PMCID: PMC8789273 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msab346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Most organisms possess time-keeping devices called circadian clocks. At the molecular level, circadian clocks consist of transcription-translation feedback loops. Although some components of the negative transcription-translation feedback loop are conserved across the animals, important differences exist between typical models, such as mouse and the fruit fly. In Drosophila, the key components are PERIOD (PER) and TIMELESS (TIM-d) proteins, whereas the mammalian clock relies on PER and CRYPTOCHROME (CRY-m). Importantly, how the clock has maintained functionality during evolutionary transitions between different states remains elusive. Therefore, we systematically described the circadian clock gene setup in major bilaterian lineages and identified marked lineage-specific differences in their clock constitution. Then we performed a thorough functional analysis of the linden bug Pyrrhocoris apterus, an insect species comprising features characteristic of both the Drosophila and the mammalian clocks. Unexpectedly, the knockout of timeless-d, a gene essential for the clock ticking in Drosophila, did not compromise rhythmicity in P. apterus, it only accelerated its pace. Furthermore, silencing timeless-m, the ancestral timeless type ubiquitously present across animals, resulted in a mild gradual loss of rhythmicity, supporting its possible participation in the linden bug clock, which is consistent with timeless-m role suggested by research on mammalian models. The dispensability of timeless-d in P. apterus allows drawing a scenario in which the clock has remained functional at each step of transition from an ancestral state to the TIM-d-independent PER+CRY-mammalian system operating in extant vertebrates, including humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lenka Chodáková
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, 37005, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, 37005, Czech Republic
| | - Vlastimil Smýkal
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, 37005, Czech Republic
| | - Milena Damulewicz
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, 37005, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Provazník
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, 37005, Czech Republic
| | - Bulah Chia-Hsiang Wu
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, 37005, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, 37005, Czech Republic
| | - Markéta Hejníková
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, 37005, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, 37005, Czech Republic
| | - Daniela Chvalová
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, 37005, Czech Republic
| | - David Doležel
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, 37005, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, 37005, Czech Republic
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61
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NF-κB modifies the mammalian circadian clock through interaction with the core clock protein BMAL1. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009933. [PMID: 34807912 PMCID: PMC8648109 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammals, the circadian clock coordinates cell physiological processes including inflammation. Recent studies suggested a crosstalk between these two pathways. However, the mechanism of how inflammation affects the clock is not well understood. Here, we investigated the role of the proinflammatory transcription factor NF-κB in regulating clock function. Using a combination of genetic and pharmacological approaches, we show that perturbation of the canonical NF-κB subunit RELA in the human U2OS cellular model altered core clock gene expression. While RELA activation shortened period length and dampened amplitude, its inhibition lengthened period length and caused amplitude phenotypes. NF-κB perturbation also altered circadian rhythms in the master suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) clock and locomotor activity behavior under different light/dark conditions. We show that RELA, like the clock repressor CRY1, repressed the transcriptional activity of BMAL1/CLOCK at the circadian E-box cis-element. Biochemical and biophysical analysis showed that RELA binds to the transactivation domain of BMAL1. These data support a model in which NF-kB competes with CRY1 and coactivator CBP/p300 for BMAL1 binding to affect circadian transcription. This is further supported by chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis showing that binding of RELA, BMAL1 and CLOCK converges on the E-boxes of clock genes. Taken together, these data support a significant role for NF-κB in directly regulating the circadian clock and highlight mutual regulation between the circadian and inflammatory pathways.
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62
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Turkiewicz S, Ditmer M, Sochal M, Białasiewicz P, Strzelecki D, Gabryelska A. Obstructive Sleep Apnea as an Acceleration Trigger of Cellular Senescence Processes through Telomere Shortening. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12536. [PMID: 34830418 PMCID: PMC8624921 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is chronic disorder which is characterized by recurrent pauses of breathing during sleep which leads to hypoxia and its two main pathological sequelae: oxidative stress and chronic inflammation. Both are also associated with cellular senescence. As OSA patients present with higher prevalence of age-related disorders, such as atrial hypertension or diabetes mellitus type 2, a relationship between OSA and accelerated aging is observable. Furthermore, it has been established that these OSA are associated with telomere shortening. This process in OSA is likely caused by increased oxidative DNA damage due to increased reactive oxygen species levels, DNA repair disruptions, hypoxia, chronic inflammation, and circadian clock disturbances. The aim of the review is to summarize study outcomes on changes in leukocyte telomere length (LTL) in OSA patients and describe possible molecular mechanisms which connect cellular senescence and the pathophysiology of OSA. The majority of OSA patients are characterized by LTL attrition due to oxidative stress, hypoxia and inflammation, which make a kind of positive feedback loop, and circadian clock disturbance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szymon Turkiewicz
- Department of Sleep Medicine and Metabolic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (S.T.); (M.D.); (M.S.); (P.B.)
| | - Marta Ditmer
- Department of Sleep Medicine and Metabolic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (S.T.); (M.D.); (M.S.); (P.B.)
| | - Marcin Sochal
- Department of Sleep Medicine and Metabolic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (S.T.); (M.D.); (M.S.); (P.B.)
| | - Piotr Białasiewicz
- Department of Sleep Medicine and Metabolic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (S.T.); (M.D.); (M.S.); (P.B.)
| | - Dominik Strzelecki
- Department of Affective and Psychotic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Agata Gabryelska
- Department of Sleep Medicine and Metabolic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (S.T.); (M.D.); (M.S.); (P.B.)
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Wu Y, Tian T, Wu Y, Yang Y, Zhang Y, Qin X. Systematic Studies of the Circadian Clock Genes Impact on Temperature Compensation and Cell Proliferation Using CRISPR Tools. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10111204. [PMID: 34827197 PMCID: PMC8614980 DOI: 10.3390/biology10111204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary One of the major characteristics of the circadian clock is temperature compensation, and previous studies suggested a single clock gene may determine the temperature compensation. In this study, we report the first full collection of clock gene knockout cell lines using CRISPR/Cas9 tools. Our full collections indicate that the temperature compensation is a complex gene regulation system instead of being regulated by any single gene. Besides, we systematically compared the proliferation rates and circadian periods using our full collections, and we found that the cell growth rate is not dependent on the circadian period. Therefore, complex interaction between clock genes and their protein products may underlie the mechanism of temperature compensation, which needs further investigations. Abstract Mammalian circadian genes are capable of producing a self-sustained, autonomous oscillation whose period is around 24 h. One of the major characteristics of the circadian clock is temperature compensation. However, the mechanism underlying temperature compensation remains elusive. Previous studies indicate that a single clock gene may determine the temperature compensation in several model organisms. In order to understand the influence of each individual clock gene on the temperature compensation, twenty-three well-known mammalian clock genes plus Timeless and Myc genes were knocked out individually, using a powerful gene-editing tool, CRISPR/Cas9. First, Bmal1, Cry1, and Cry2 were knocked out as examples to verify that deleting genes by CRISPR is effective and precise. Cell lines targeting twenty-two genes were successfully edited in mouse fibroblast NIH3T3 cells, and off-target analysis indicated these genes were correctly knocked out. Through measuring the luciferase reporters, the circadian periods of each cell line were recorded under two different temperatures, 32.5 °C and 37 °C. The temperature compensation coefficient Q10 was subsequently calculated for each cell line. Estimations of the Q10 of these cell lines showed that none of the individual cell lines can adversely affect the temperature compensation. Cells with a longer period at lower temperature tend to have a shorter period at higher temperature, while cells with a shorter period at lower temperature tend to be longer at higher temperature. Thus, the temperature compensation is a fundamental property to keep cellular homeostasis. We further conclude that the temperature compensation is a complex gene regulation system instead of being regulated by any single gene. We also estimated the proliferation rates of these cell lines. After systematically comparing the proliferation rates and circadian periods, we found that the cell growth rate is not dependent on the circadian period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wu
- Department of Health Sciences, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China; (Y.W.); (T.T.); (Y.W.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Tian Tian
- Department of Health Sciences, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China; (Y.W.); (T.T.); (Y.W.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Yin Wu
- Department of Health Sciences, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China; (Y.W.); (T.T.); (Y.W.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Yu Yang
- Department of Health Sciences, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China; (Y.W.); (T.T.); (Y.W.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Yunfei Zhang
- Department of Health Sciences, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China; (Y.W.); (T.T.); (Y.W.); (Y.Y.)
- Moeden Experiment Technology Center, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (X.Q.)
| | - Ximing Qin
- Department of Health Sciences, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China; (Y.W.); (T.T.); (Y.W.); (Y.Y.)
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (X.Q.)
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Jia R, Fu Y, Xu L, Li H, Li Y, Liu L, Ma Z, Sun D, Han B. Associations between polymorphisms of SLC22A7, NGFR, ARNTL and PPP2R2B genes and Milk production traits in Chinese Holstein. BMC Genom Data 2021; 22:47. [PMID: 34732138 PMCID: PMC8567656 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-021-01002-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Our preliminary work confirmed that, SLC22A7 (solute carrier family 22 member 7), NGFR (nerve growth factor receptor), ARNTL (aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator like) and PPP2R2B (protein phosphatase 2 regulatory subunit Bβ) genes were differentially expressed in dairy cows during different stages of lactation, and involved in the lipid metabolism through insulin, PI3K-Akt, MAPK, AMPK, mTOR, and PPAR signaling pathways, so we considered these four genes as the candidates affecting milk production traits. In this study, we detected polymorphisms of the four genes and verified their genetic effects on milk yield and composition traits in a Chinese Holstein cow population. Results By resequencing the whole coding region and part of the flanking region of SLC22A7, NGFR, ARNTL and PPP2R2B, we totally found 20 SNPs, of which five were located in SLC22A7, eight in NGFR, three in ARNTL, and four in PPP2R2B. Using Haploview4.2, we found three haplotype blocks including five SNPs in SLC22A7, eight in NGFR and three in ARNTL. Single-SNP association analysis showed that 19 out of 20 SNPs were significantly associated with at least one of milk yield, fat yield, fat percentage, protein yield or protein percentage in the first and second lactations (P < 0.05). Haplotype-based association analysis showed that the three haplotypes were significantly associated with at least one of milk yield, fat yield, fat percentage, protein yield or protein percentage (P < 0.05). Further, we used SOPMA software to predict a SNP, 19:g.37095131C > T in NGFR, changed the structure of NGFR protein. In addition, we used Jaspar software to found that four SNPs, 19:g.37113872C > G,19:g.37113157C > T, and 19:g.37112276C > T in NGFR and 15:g.39320936A > G in ARNTL, could change the transcription factor binding sites and might affect the expression of the corresponding genes. These five SNPs might be the potential functional mutations for milk production traits in dairy cattle. Conclusions In summary, we proved that SLC22A7, NGFR, ARNTL and PPP2R2B have significant genetic effects on milk production traits. The valuable SNPs can be used as candidate genetic markers for genomic selection of dairy cattle, and the effects of these SNPs on other traits need to be further verified. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12863-021-01002-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruike Jia
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yihan Fu
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Lingna Xu
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Houcheng Li
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yanhua Li
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China.,Beijing Dairy Cattle Center, Beijing, 100192, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Beijing Dairy Cattle Center, Beijing, 100192, China
| | - Zhu Ma
- Beijing Dairy Cattle Center, Beijing, 100192, China
| | - Dongxiao Sun
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Bo Han
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Gul S, Rahim F, Isin S, Yilmaz F, Ozturk N, Turkay M, Kavakli IH. Structure-based design and classifications of small molecules regulating the circadian rhythm period. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18510. [PMID: 34531414 PMCID: PMC8445970 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97962-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythm is an important mechanism that controls behavior and biochemical events based on 24 h rhythmicity. Ample evidence indicates disturbance of this mechanism is associated with different diseases such as cancer, mood disorders, and familial delayed phase sleep disorder. Therefore, drug discovery studies have been initiated using high throughput screening. Recently the crystal structures of core clock proteins (CLOCK/BMAL1, Cryptochromes (CRY), Periods), responsible for generating circadian rhythm, have been solved. Availability of structures makes amenable core clock proteins to design molecules regulating their activity by using in silico approaches. In addition to that, the implementation of classification features of molecules based on their toxicity and activity will improve the accuracy of the drug discovery process. Here, we identified 171 molecules that target functional domains of a core clock protein, CRY1, using structure-based drug design methods. We experimentally determined that 115 molecules were nontoxic, and 21 molecules significantly lengthened the period of circadian rhythm in U2OS cells. We then performed a machine learning study to classify these molecules for identifying features that make them toxic and lengthen the circadian period. Decision tree classifiers (DTC) identified 13 molecular descriptors, which predict the toxicity of molecules with a mean accuracy of 79.53% using tenfold cross-validation. Gradient boosting classifiers (XGBC) identified 10 molecular descriptors that predict and increase in the circadian period length with a mean accuracy of 86.56% with tenfold cross-validation. Our results suggested that these features can be used in QSAR studies to design novel nontoxic molecules that exhibit period lengthening activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seref Gul
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Koc University, Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sariyer, Istabul, Turkey
| | - Fatih Rahim
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Koc University, Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sariyer, Istabul, Turkey
| | - Safak Isin
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sariyer, Istabul, Turkey
| | - Fatma Yilmaz
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, 41400, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Nuri Ozturk
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, 41400, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Metin Turkay
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Koc University, Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sariyer, Istabul, Turkey.
| | - Ibrahim Halil Kavakli
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Koc University, Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sariyer, Istabul, Turkey.
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sariyer, Istabul, Turkey.
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Yang S, Wan Y, Wu N, Song L, Liu Z, Zhao J, Liu Y, Liu Z, Gan J. L-3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine Recovers Circadian Rhythm Disturbances in the Rat Models of Parkinson's Disease by Regulating the D1R-ERK1/2-mTOR Pathway. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:719885. [PMID: 34489685 PMCID: PMC8417416 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.719885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) frequently experience disruptions in the 24-h daily profile of both behavioral and biological markers. However, whether L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-dopa) influences these markers associated with circadian rhythm or not is still an open question. This study aims to explore the L-dopa effects on the rhythmic expression of core clock proteins [brain and muscle Arnt-like protein-1 (BMAL1) and circadian locomotor cycle kaput (CLOCK)], in the striatum of the rat model of PD and its underlying molecular mechanisms. Methods: Unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-lesioned rat models were used in this study. L-dopa administrations were adopted to investigate the changes of circadian rhythm in PD. The behavioral tests and the measurements of the blood pressure (BP) and temperature were evaluated. The striatum was collected at intervals of 4 h. Western blot was used to examine the expressions of clock protein and the molecular protein of the D1R-ERK1/2-mTOR pathway. The rhythmic expressions of symptom parameters and circadian proteins were analyzed using the Cosinor model and/or the coefficient of variability (CV) that was used to describe the variability of the 24-h rhythm. Results: The circadian rhythms of BP and temperature were disrupted in 6-OHDA-lesioned PD rats compared with the sham group, while this process was reversed mildly by L-dopa treatment. The expressions of BMAL1 and CLOCK protein were rhythmic fluctuated without significant phase alterations when 6-OHDA or L-dopa was applied. Furthermore, the expressions of striatal BMAL1 protein in the 6-OHDA-lesioned group were significantly lower than those in the sham group at 04:00, 08:00, and 12:00, and the CLOCK protein was decreased at 04:00, 08:00, 12:00, 16:00, and 20:00 (all p < 0.05). The CV of the expressions of both BMAL1 and CLOCK was decreased in the 6-OHDA group; this process was reversed by L-dopa. Moreover, the CV of BMAL1 and CLOCK was elevated in the L-dopa rats. The phosphorylation levels of ERK1/2, S6K1, and 4E-BP1 in 6-OHDA-lesioned striatum were increased by L-dopa or D1 receptor agonist SKF38393 (p < 0.05, respectively), not by the combination of L-dopa and D1 receptor antagonist SCH23390, which was similar to the expressions of BMAL1 and CLOCK. Conclusion: L-dopa recovers the circadian rhythm disturbances in PD rats by regulating the D1R-ERK1/2-mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyuan Yang
- Department of Neurology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated Shanghai JiaoTong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Wan
- Department of Neurology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated Shanghai JiaoTong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Na Wu
- Department of Neurology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated Shanghai JiaoTong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Song
- Department of Neurology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated Shanghai JiaoTong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhihua Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated Shanghai JiaoTong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiahao Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated Shanghai JiaoTong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated Shanghai JiaoTong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenguo Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated Shanghai JiaoTong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Gan
- Department of Neurology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated Shanghai JiaoTong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Wang K, Lin H, Zhu G, Zhang H, Jia E. Effect of anesthesia on the expression of clock gene Clock and Bmal1 in New Zealand rabbits. ZHONG NAN DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF CENTRAL SOUTH UNIVERSITY. MEDICAL SCIENCES 2021; 46:809-813. [PMID: 34565723 PMCID: PMC10929965 DOI: 10.11817/j.issn.1672-7347.2021.200755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effect of anesthetic drugs on the expression of circadian gene Clock and Bmal1 in the brain of New Zealand rabbits, and to explore their change pattern. METHODS A total of 90 New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into 5 groups (n=18 in each group): A normal saline group (1 mL/h saline, group S), a propofol group [600 µg/(kg·min-1) propofol, 1 mL/h, group P], a 10% lipid group (1 mL/h lipid, group F), a dexmedetomidine group [1 µg/(kg·min-1) dexmedetomidine, 1 mL/h, group D), a sevoflurane (SEV) group (2.5% SEV, SEV group). Inhaled and intravenous anesthetic drugs were stopped after 24 h. Experimental animals were killed at 0, 24, and 72 h after anesthesia, and their brain tissues were isolated. Western blotting was performed to measure the Clock and Bmal1 protein expression in the brain of rabbits. RESULTS At 0 and 24 h after anesthesia, compared with the group S, the levels of Clock and Bmal1 proteins were decreased significantly in the group P, the group D, and the group SEV (all P<0.05). At 72 h after anesthesia, compared with the group S, the levels of Clock and Bmal1 proteins showed no significant changes in the group P, the group D, and the SEV group (all P>0.05). Compared with the group S, the levels of Clock and Bmal1 proteins at all time points showed no significant changes in the group F (all P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS Anesthetic SEV, propofol, and dexmedetomidine can inhibit the expression of clock gene Clock and Bmal1 protein in the brain fissues of the New Zealand rabbits, and the suppression effect continues for at least 24 h after anesthesia, whereas the suppression decreases significantly at 72 h after anesthesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiwei Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China.
| | - Hongqi Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China.
| | - Guosong Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Haoran Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Erju Jia
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China
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Mechanisms of Binding Specificity among bHLH Transcription Factors. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179150. [PMID: 34502060 PMCID: PMC8431614 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcriptome of every cell is orchestrated by the complex network of interaction between transcription factors (TFs) and their binding sites on DNA. Disruption of this network can result in many forms of organism malfunction but also can be the substrate of positive natural selection. However, understanding the specific determinants of each of these individual TF-DNA interactions is a challenging task as it requires integrating the multiple possible mechanisms by which a given TF ends up interacting with a specific genomic region. These mechanisms include DNA motif preferences, which can be determined by nucleotide sequence but also by DNA’s shape; post-translational modifications of the TF, such as phosphorylation; and dimerization partners and co-factors, which can mediate multiple forms of direct or indirect cooperative binding. Binding can also be affected by epigenetic modifications of putative target regions, including DNA methylation and nucleosome occupancy. In this review, we describe how all these mechanisms have a role and crosstalk in one specific family of TFs, the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH), with a very conserved DNA binding domain and a similar DNA preferred motif, the E-box. Here, we compile and discuss a rich catalog of strategies used by bHLH to acquire TF-specific genome-wide landscapes of binding sites.
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Rabinovich-Nikitin I, Rasouli M, Reitz CJ, Posen I, Margulets V, Dhingra R, Khatua TN, Thliveris JA, Martino TA, Kirshenbaum LA. Mitochondrial autophagy and cell survival is regulated by the circadian Clock gene in cardiac myocytes during ischemic stress. Autophagy 2021; 17:3794-3812. [PMID: 34085589 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2021.1938913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac function is highly reliant on mitochondrial oxidative metabolism and quality control. The circadian Clock gene is critically linked to vital physiological processes including mitochondrial fission, fusion and bioenergetics; however, little is known of how the Clock gene regulates these vital processes in the heart. Herein, we identified a putative circadian CLOCK-mitochondrial interactome that gates an adaptive survival response during myocardial ischemia. We show by transcriptome and gene ontology mapping in CLOCK Δ19/Δ19 mouse that Clock transcriptionally coordinates the efficient removal of damaged mitochondria during myocardial ischemia by directly controlling transcription of genes required for mitochondrial fission, fusion and macroautophagy/autophagy. Loss of Clock gene activity impaired mitochondrial turnover resulting in the accumulation of damaged reactive oxygen species (ROS)-producing mitochondria from impaired mitophagy. This coincided with ultrastructural defects to mitochondria and impaired cardiac function. Interestingly, wild type CLOCK but not mutations of CLOCK defective for E-Box binding or interaction with its cognate partner ARNTL/BMAL-1 suppressed mitochondrial damage and cell death during acute hypoxia. Interestingly, the autophagy defect and accumulation of damaged mitochondria in CLOCK-deficient cardiac myocytes were abrogated by restoring autophagy/mitophagy. Inhibition of autophagy by ATG7 knockdown abrogated the cytoprotective effects of CLOCK. Collectively, our results demonstrate that CLOCK regulates an adaptive stress response critical for cell survival by transcriptionally coordinating mitochondrial quality control mechanisms in cardiac myocytes. Interdictions that restore CLOCK activity may prove beneficial in reducing cardiac injury in individuals with disrupted circadian CLOCK.Abbreviations: ARNTL/BMAL1: aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator-like; ATG14: autophagy related 14; ATG7: autophagy related 7; ATP: adenosine triphosphate; BCA: bovine serum albumin; BECN1: beclin 1, autophagy related; bHLH: basic helix- loop-helix; CLOCK: circadian locomotor output cycles kaput; CMV: cytomegalovirus; COQ5: coenzyme Q5 methyltransferase; CQ: chloroquine; CRY1: cryptochrome 1 (photolyase-like); DNM1L/DRP1: dynamin 1-like; EF: ejection fraction; EM: electron microscopy; FS: fractional shortening; GFP: green fluorescent protein; HPX: hypoxia; i.p.: intraperitoneal; I-R: ischemia-reperfusion; LAD: left anterior descending; LVIDd: left ventricular internal diameter diastolic; LVIDs: left ventricular internal diameter systolic; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3; MFN2: mitofusin 2; MI: myocardial infarction; mPTP: mitochondrial permeability transition pore; NDUFA4: Ndufa4, mitochondrial complex associated; NDUFA8: NADH: ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit A8; NMX: normoxia; OCR: oxygen consumption rate; OPA1: OPA1, mitochondrial dynamin like GTPase; OXPHOS: oxidative phosphorylation; PBS: phosphate-buffered saline; PER1: period circadian clock 1; PPARGC1A/PGC-1α: peroxisome proliferative activated receptor, gamma, coactivator 1 alpha; qPCR: quantitative real-time PCR; RAB7A: RAB7, member RAS oncogene family; ROS: reactive oxygen species; RT: room temperature; shRNA: short hairpin RNA; siRNA: small interfering RNA; TFAM: transcription factor A, mitochondrial; TFEB: transcription factor EB; TMRM: tetra-methylrhodamine methyl ester perchlorate; WT: wild -type; ZT: zeitgeber time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inna Rabinovich-Nikitin
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Mina Rasouli
- Centre for Cardiovascular Investigations, Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cristine J Reitz
- Centre for Cardiovascular Investigations, Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Illana Posen
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Victoria Margulets
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Rimpy Dhingra
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Tarak N Khatua
- Centre for Cardiovascular Investigations, Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - James A Thliveris
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rady College of Medicine, Max Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Tami A Martino
- Centre for Cardiovascular Investigations, Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lorrie A Kirshenbaum
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Rady College of Medicine, Max Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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Mao Y, Shao F, Zhao Q, Peng Z. Molecular Evolution of clock Genes in Vertebrates. J Mol Evol 2021; 89:494-512. [PMID: 34297154 DOI: 10.1007/s00239-021-10020-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms not only influence the overall daily routine of organisms but also directly affect life activities to varying degrees. Circadian locomotor output cycle kaput (Clock), the most critical gene in the circadian rhythm feedback system, plays an important role in the regulation of biological rhythms. Here, we aimed to elucidate the evolutionary history of the clock gene family in a taxonomically diverse set of vertebrates, providing novel insights into the evolution of the clock gene family based on 102 vertebrate genomes. Using genome-wide analysis, we extracted 264 clock sequences. In lobe-finned fishes and some basal non-teleost ray-finned fishes, only two clock isotypes were found (clock1 and clock2). However, the majority of teleosts possess three clock genes (two clock1 genes and one clock2 gene) owing to extra whole-genome duplication. The following syntenic analysis confirmed that clock1a, clock1b, and clock2 are conserved in teleost species. Interestingly, we discovered that osteoglossomorph fishes possess two clock2 genes. Moreover, protein sequence comparisons indicate that CLOCK protein changes among vertebrates were concentrated at the N-terminal and poly Q regions. We also performed a dN/dS analysis, and the results suggest that clock1 and clock2 may show distinct fates for duplicated genes between the lobe-finned and ray-finned fish clades. Collectively, these results provide a genome-wide insight into clock gene evolution in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Mao
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Southwest University School of Life Sciences, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Feng Shao
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Southwest University School of Life Sciences, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Qingyuan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Southwest University School of Life Sciences, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Zuogang Peng
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Southwest University School of Life Sciences, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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71
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Yi JS, Díaz NM, D'Souza S, Buhr ED. The molecular clockwork of mammalian cells. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 126:87-96. [PMID: 33810978 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Most organisms contain self-sustained circadian clocks. These clocks can be synchronized by environmental stimuli, but can also oscillate indefinitely in isolation. In mammals this is true at the molecular level for the majority of cell types that have been examined. A core set of "clock genes" form a transcriptional/translational feedback loop (TTFL) which repeats with a period of approximately 24 h. The exact mechanism of the TTFL differs slightly in various cell types, but all involve similar family members of the core cohort of clock genes. The clock has many outputs which are unique for different tissues. Cells in diverse tissues will convert the timing signals provided by the TTFL into uniquely orchestrated transcriptional oscillations of many clock-controlled genes and cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan S Yi
- University of Washington, Dept. of Ophthalmology, 750 Republican St., Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Nicolás M Díaz
- University of Washington, Dept. of Ophthalmology, 750 Republican St., Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Shane D'Souza
- Center for Chronobiology, Abrahamson Pediatric Eye Institute, Division of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Ethan D Buhr
- University of Washington, Dept. of Ophthalmology, 750 Republican St., Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
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72
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Xu X, Dikiy I, Evans MR, Marcelino LP, Gardner KH. Fragile protein folds: Sequence and environmental factors affecting the equilibrium of two interconverting, stably folded protein conformations. MAGNETIC RESONANCE (GOTTINGEN, GERMANY) 2021; 2:63-76. [PMID: 35603043 PMCID: PMC9119131 DOI: 10.5194/mr-2-63-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Recent research on fold-switching metamorphic proteins has revealed some notable exceptions to Anfinsen's hypothesis of protein folding. We have previously described how a single point mutation can enable a well-folded protein domain, one of the two PAS (Per-ARNT-Sim) domains of the human ARNT (aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator) protein, to interconvert between two conformers related by a slip of an internal β-strand. Using this protein as a test case, we advance the concept of a "fragile fold," a protein fold that can reversibly rearrange into another fold that differs by a substantial number of hydrogen bonds, entailing reorganization of single secondary structure elements to more drastic changes seen in metamorphic proteins. Here we use a battery of biophysical tests to examine several factors affecting the equilibrium between the two conformations of the switching ARNT PAS-B Y456T protein. Of note, we find that factors which impact the HI loop preceding the shifted Iβ-strand affect both the equilibrium levels of the two conformers and the denatured state which links them in the interconversion process. Finally, we describe small molecules that selectively bind to and stabilize the wildtype conformation of ARNT PAS-B. These studies form a toolkit for studying fragile protein folds and could enable ways to modulate the biological functions of such fragile folds, both in natural and engineered proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingjian Xu
- Structural Biology Initiative, CUNY Advanced Science Research Center, New York, NY, USA
- Ph.D. Program in Biochemistry, The Graduate Center, CUNY, New York, NY, USA
| | - Igor Dikiy
- Structural Biology Initiative, CUNY Advanced Science Research Center, New York, NY, USA
- Current address: Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | - Matthew R Evans
- Current address: Acclaim Physician Group, Inc. Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Leandro P Marcelino
- Structural Biology Initiative, CUNY Advanced Science Research Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, City College of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kevin H Gardner
- Structural Biology Initiative, CUNY Advanced Science Research Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, City College of New York, New York, NY, USA
- Biochemistry, Chemistry and Biology Ph.D. Programs, The Graduate Center, CUNY, New York, NY, USA
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73
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Baker JR, Pollard BL, Lin AJS, Gilbert J, Paula S, Zhu X, Sakoff JA, McCluskey A. Modelling and Phenotypic Screening of NAP-6 and 10-Cl-BBQ, AhR Ligands Displaying Selective Breast Cancer Cytotoxicity in Vitro. ChemMedChem 2021; 16:1499-1512. [PMID: 33300308 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
To exploit the interaction of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) pathway in developing breast-cancer-specific cytotoxic compounds, we examined the breast cancer selectivity and the docking pose of the AhR ligands (Z)-2-(2-aminophenyl)-1H-benzo[de]isoquinoline-1,3(2H)-dione (NAP-6; 5) and 10-chloro-7H-benzo[de]benzo[4,5]imidazo[2,1-a]isoquinolin-7-one (10-Cl-BBQ; 6). While the breast cancer selectivity of 5 in vitro is known, we discuss the SAR around this lead and, by using phenotypic cell-line screening and the MTT assay, show for the first time that 6 also presents with breast cancer selectivity, notably in the triple-negative (TN) receptor breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-468, the ER+ breast cancer cell lines T47D, ZR-75-1 and the HER2+ breast cancer cell line SKBR3 (GI50 values of 0.098, 0.97, 0.13 and 0.21 μM, respectively). Indeed, 6 is 55 times more potent in MDA-MB-468 cells than normal MCF10A breast cells (GI50 of 0.098 vs 5.4 μM) and more than 130 times more potent than in cell lines derived from pancreas, brain and prostate (GI50 of 0.098 vs 10-13 μM). Molecular docking poses of 5 and 6 together with analogue synthesis and phenotypic screening show the importance of the naphthalene moiety, and an ortho-disposed substituent on the N-phenyl moiety for biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer R Baker
- Chemistry, School of Environmental & Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Brett L Pollard
- Chemistry, School of Environmental & Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Andrew J S Lin
- Chemistry, School of Environmental & Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Jayne Gilbert
- Experimental Therapeutics Group, Department of Medical Oncology, Calvary Mater Hospital, Edith Street, Waratah, NSW 2298, Australia
| | - Stefan Paula
- Present address: Department of Chemistry, California State University at Sacramento, Sacramento, CA 95819
| | - Xiao Zhu
- Research Computing, Information Technology at Purdue (ITaP), Purdue University, 155 South Grant Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Jennette A Sakoff
- Experimental Therapeutics Group, Department of Medical Oncology, Calvary Mater Hospital, Edith Street, Waratah, NSW 2298, Australia
| | - Adam McCluskey
- Chemistry, School of Environmental & Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
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74
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Novel Method for Quantifying AhR-Ligand Binding Affinities Using Microscale Thermophoresis. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2021; 11:bios11030060. [PMID: 33668313 PMCID: PMC7996170 DOI: 10.3390/bios11030060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a highly conserved cellular sensor of a variety of environmental pollutants and dietary-, cell- and microbiota-derived metabolites with important roles in fundamental biological processes. Deregulation of the AhR pathway is implicated in several diseases, including autoimmune diseases and cancer, rendering AhR a promising target for drug development and host-directed therapy. The pharmacological intervention of AhR processes requires detailed information about the ligand binding properties to allow specific targeting of a particular signaling process without affecting the remaining. Here, we present a novel microscale thermophoresis-based approach to monitoring the binding of purified recombinant human AhR to its natural ligands in a cell-free system. This approach facilitates a precise identification and characterization of unknown AhR ligands and represents a screening strategy for the discovery of potential selective AhR modulators.
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75
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Astone M, Santoro MM. Time to fight: targeting the circadian clock molecular machinery in cancer therapy. Drug Discov Today 2021; 26:1164-1184. [PMID: 33549826 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2021.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The circadian clock regulates a wide range of molecular pathways and biological processes. The expression of clock genes is often altered in cancer, fostering tumor initiation and progression. Inhibition and activation of core circadian clock genes, as well as treatments that restore circadian rhythmicity, have been successful in counteracting tumor growth in different experimental models. Here, we provide an up-to-date overview of studies that show the therapeutic effects of targeting the clock molecular machinery in cancer, both genetically and pharmacologically. We also highlight future areas for progress that offer a promising path towards innovative anticancer strategies. Substantial limitations in the current understanding of the complex interplay between the circadian clock and cancer in vivo need to be addressed in order to allow clock-targeting therapies in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Astone
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, I-35131, Italy
| | - Massimo M Santoro
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, I-35131, Italy; Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Via Orus 2, 35129 Padova, Italy.
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76
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Qiu MJ, Zhang L, Fang XF, Li QT, Zhu LS, Zhang B, Yang SL, Xiong ZF. Research on the circadian clock gene HNF4a in different malignant tumors. Int J Med Sci 2021; 18:1339-1347. [PMID: 33628089 PMCID: PMC7893568 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.49997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The circadian rhythm is produced by multiple feedback loops formed by the core clock genes after transcription and translation, thus regulating various metabolic and physiological functions of the human body. We have shown previously that the abnormal expression of 14 clock genes is related closely to the occurrence and development of different malignant tumors, and these genes may play an anti-cancer or pro-cancer role in different tumors. HNF4a has many typical properties of clock proteins involved in the clock gene negative feedback loop regulation process. We need to explore the function of HNF4a as a circadian clock gene in malignant tumors further. Methods: We used The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database to download the clinicopathological information of twenty malignant tumors and the corresponding RNA-seq data. The HNF4a RNA-seq data standardized by R language and clinical information were integrated to reveal the relationship between HNF4a and prognosis of patients. Results: Analysis of TCGA data showed that the prognosis of HNF4a was significantly different in BLCA, KIRC, LUSC, and READ. High HNF4a expression is correlated with good prognosis in BLCA, KIRC, and READ but poor prognosis in LUSC. However, HNF4a was associated with the stages, T stages, and lymph node status only in BLCA. Conclusions: HNF4a plays different roles in different malignancies, and the abnormal expression of HNF4a has a great correlation with the biological characteristics of BLCA. The low expression of HNF4a could be a reference index for the metastasis, recurrence, and prognosis of BLCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Jun Qiu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430077, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430077, China
| | - Xie-Fan Fang
- Charles River Laboratories, Inc., 6995 Longley Lane, Reno NV 89511
| | - Qiu-Ting Li
- Division of Gastroenterology, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430077, China
| | - Li-Sheng Zhu
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Sheng-Li Yang
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Zhi-Fan Xiong
- Division of Gastroenterology, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430077, China
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77
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Chiou YY, Li TY, Yang Y, Sancar A. A Sextuple Knockout Cell Line System to Study the Differential Roles of CRY, PER, and NR1D in the Transcription-Translation Feedback Loop of the Circadian Clock. Front Neurosci 2021; 14:616802. [PMID: 33381013 PMCID: PMC7768009 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.616802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcription-translation feedback loop (TTFL) is the core mechanism of the circadian rhythm. In mammalian cells, CLOCK-BMAL1 proteins activate the downstream genes by binding on the E-box sequence of the clock-controlled genes. Among these gene products, CRY1, CRY2, PER1, PER2, NR1D1, and NR1D2 can regulate the CLOCK-BMAL1-mediated transcription to form the feedback loop. However, the detailed mechanism of the TTFL is unclear because of the complicated inter-regulation of these proteins. Here, we generated a cell line lacking CRY1, CRY2, PER1, PER2, NR1D1, and NR1D2 (Cry/Per/Nr1d_KO) to study TTFL. We compared the Dbp transcription after serum-shock and dexamethasone-shock between Cry/Per/Nr1d_KO cells and cells expressing endogenous CRY (Per/Nr1d_KO) or NR1D (Cry/Per_KO). Furthermore, we found that CRY1-mediated repression of Dbp could persist more than 24 h in the absence of other proteins in the negative limb of the TTFL. Our Cry/Per/Nr1d_KO cells is a suitable system for the studying of differential roles of CRY, PER, and NR1D in the TTFL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ying Chiou
- Graduate Institute of Biochemistry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Ying Li
- Graduate Institute of Biochemistry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Yanyan Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Aziz Sancar
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
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78
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Abstract
Daily rhythms of behaviors and physiologies are driven by transcriptional-translational negative feedback loops of clock genes and encoded clock proteins (Bass and Takahashi Science 330:1349-1354, 2010; Brown et al. Dev Cell 22:477-487, 2012). Posttranslational modifications of clock proteins, including protein phosphorylation, play an essential role for normal oscillation of the circadian clock through regulation of their activities, stabilities, interactions, and intracellular localization (Gallego and Virshup Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 8:139-148, 2007; Hirano et al. Nat Struct Mol Biol 23:1053-1060, 2016). In this chapter, we describe detailed methods for quantitative analysis of phosphorylation levels of clock proteins, particularly focusing on circadian phosphorylation of CLOCK, BMAL1, and their complex (Yoshitane et al. Mol Cell Biol 29:3675-3686, 2009).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hikari Yoshitane
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Fukada
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
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79
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Greco CM, Cervantes M, Fustin JM, Ito K, Ceglia N, Samad M, Shi J, Koronowski KB, Forne I, Ranjit S, Gaucher J, Kinouchi K, Kojima R, Gratton E, Li W, Baldi P, Imhof A, Okamura H, Sassone-Corsi P. S-adenosyl-l-homocysteine hydrolase links methionine metabolism to the circadian clock and chromatin remodeling. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eabc5629. [PMID: 33328229 PMCID: PMC7744083 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abc5629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Circadian gene expression driven by transcription activators CLOCK and BMAL1 is intimately associated with dynamic chromatin remodeling. However, how cellular metabolism directs circadian chromatin remodeling is virtually unexplored. We report that the S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) hydrolyzing enzyme adenosylhomocysteinase (AHCY) cyclically associates to CLOCK-BMAL1 at chromatin sites and promotes circadian transcriptional activity. SAH is a potent feedback inhibitor of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM)-dependent methyltransferases, and timely hydrolysis of SAH by AHCY is critical to sustain methylation reactions. We show that AHCY is essential for cyclic H3K4 trimethylation, genome-wide recruitment of BMAL1 to chromatin, and subsequent circadian transcription. Depletion or targeted pharmacological inhibition of AHCY in mammalian cells markedly decreases the amplitude of circadian gene expression. In mice, pharmacological inhibition of AHCY in the hypothalamus alters circadian locomotor activity and rhythmic transcription within the suprachiasmatic nucleus. These results reveal a previously unappreciated connection between cellular metabolism, chromatin dynamics, and circadian regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Magdalen Greco
- Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism; U1233 INSERM; Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine (UCI), Irvine, CA, USA.
| | - Marlene Cervantes
- Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism; U1233 INSERM; Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine (UCI), Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Jean-Michel Fustin
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Systems Biology, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Kakeru Ito
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Systems Biology, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Nicholas Ceglia
- Institute for Genomics and Bioinformatics, School of Information and Computer Sciences, University of California Irvine (UCI), Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Muntaha Samad
- Institute for Genomics and Bioinformatics, School of Information and Computer Sciences, University of California Irvine (UCI), Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Jiejun Shi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine (UCI), Irvine, CA, USA
- Division of Biostatistics, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kevin Brian Koronowski
- Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism; U1233 INSERM; Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine (UCI), Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Ignasi Forne
- Biomedical Center, Protein Analysis Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Großhaderner Strasse 9, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Suman Ranjit
- Laboratory for Fluorescence Dynamics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine (UCI), Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan Gaucher
- Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism; U1233 INSERM; Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine (UCI), Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Kenichiro Kinouchi
- Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism; U1233 INSERM; Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine (UCI), Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Rika Kojima
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Systems Biology, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Enrico Gratton
- Laboratory for Fluorescence Dynamics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine (UCI), Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine (UCI), Irvine, CA, USA
- Division of Biostatistics, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Pierre Baldi
- Institute for Genomics and Bioinformatics, School of Information and Computer Sciences, University of California Irvine (UCI), Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Axel Imhof
- Biomedical Center, Protein Analysis Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Großhaderner Strasse 9, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Hitoshi Okamura
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Systems Biology, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Paolo Sassone-Corsi
- Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism; U1233 INSERM; Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine (UCI), Irvine, CA, USA.
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80
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Wang Y, Chen M, Xu J, Liu X, Duan Y, Zhou C, Xu Y. Core clock gene Bmal1 deprivation impairs steroidogenesis in mice luteinized follicle cells. Reproduction 2020; 160:955-967. [PMID: 33112769 PMCID: PMC7707808 DOI: 10.1530/rep-20-0340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Luteinization is the event of corpus luteum formation, a way of follicle cells transformation and a process of steroidogenesis alteration. As the core clock gene, Bmal1 was involved in the regulation of ovulation process and luteal function afterwards. Till now, the underlying roles of luteinization played by Bmal1 remain unknown. To explore the unique role of Bmal1 in luteal steroidogenesis and its underlying pathway, we investigated the luteal hormone synthesis profile in Bmal1 knockout female mice. We found that luteal hormone synthesis was notably impaired, and phosphorylation of PI3K/NfκB pathway was significantly activated. Then, the results were verified in in vitro cultured cells, including isolated Bmal1 interference granulosa cells (GCs) and theca cells (TCs), respectively. Hormones levels of supernatant culture media and mRNA expressions of steroidogenesis-associated genes (star, Hsd3β2, cyp19a1 in GCs, Lhcgr, star, Hsd3β2, cyp17a1 in TCs) were mutually decreased, while the phosphorylation of PI3K/NfκB was promoted during in vitro luteinization. After PI3K specific-inhibitor LY294002 intervention, mRNA expressions of Lhcgr and Hsd3β2 were partially rescued in Bmal1 interference TCs, together with significantly increased androstenedione and T synthesis. Further exploration in TCs demonstrated BMAL1 interacted directly but negatively with NfκB p65 (RelA), a subunit which was supposed as a mediator in Bmal1-governed PI3K signaling regulation. Taken together, we verified the novel role of Bmal1 in luteal steroidogenesis, achieving by negative interplay with RelA-mediated PI3K/NfκB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizi Wang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Minghui Chen
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Xu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, Guangzhou, China
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinyan Liu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuwei Duan
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Canquan Zhou
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanwen Xu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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81
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Hosoya Y, Nojo W, Kii I, Suzuki T, Imanishi M, Ohkanda J. Identification of synthetic inhibitors for the DNA binding of intrinsically disordered circadian clock transcription factors. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:11203-11206. [PMID: 32969426 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc04861e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Essential components of the human circadian clock, BMAL1 and CLOCK, which are intrinsically disordered transcription factors, were expressed and subjected to a fluorescent in vitro binding assay using an E-box DNA fragment. Screening of a chemical library identified 5,8-quinoxalinedione (1), which was found to inhibit binding of the heterodimer BMAL1/CLOCK to E-box at low micromolar concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Hosoya
- Academic Assembly, Institute of Agriculture, Shinshu University, 8304 Minami-Minowa, Kami-Ina, Nagano 399-4598, Japan.
| | - Wataru Nojo
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, N10 W8, North-Ward, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Isao Kii
- Academic Assembly, Institute of Agriculture, Shinshu University, 8304 Minami-Minowa, Kami-Ina, Nagano 399-4598, Japan.
| | - Takanori Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, N10 W8, North-Ward, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Miki Imanishi
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Junko Ohkanda
- Academic Assembly, Institute of Agriculture, Shinshu University, 8304 Minami-Minowa, Kami-Ina, Nagano 399-4598, Japan.
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82
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Zadorozhnii PV, Kiselev VV, Kharchenko AV. In silico toxicity evaluation of Salubrinal and its analogues. Eur J Pharm Sci 2020; 155:105538. [PMID: 32889087 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2020.105538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports on a comprehensive in silico toxicity assessment of Salubrinal and its analogues containing a cinnamic acid residue or quinoline ring using the online servers admetSAR, ADMETlab, ProTox, ADVERPred, Pred-hERG and Vienna LiverTox. Apart from rare exceptions, in all 55 studied structures, mild or practical absence of acute toxicity was predicted for rats (III or IV toxicity class). Cardiotoxic, hepatotoxic and immunotoxic effects were predicted for Salubrinal and its analogues. We constructed models of the main predicted anti-targets hERG, BSEP, MRP3, MRP4 and AhR using the principle of homologous modeling. Molecular docking studies were carried out with the obtained models. We carried out molecular docking for all targets using AutoDock Vina, implemented in the PyRx 0.8 software package. According to the results of molecular docking, the compounds analyzed are potential moderate or weak hERG blockers. Induction of cholestasis and, as a consequence, liver damage by these drugs, directly related to inhibition of BSEP, MRP3 and MRP4, most likely will not be observed. Interaction with AhR for the studied compounds is impossible for steric reasons and, as a consequence, toxic effects on the immune and other organ systems associated with the activation of the AhR signaling pathway are excluded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavlo V Zadorozhnii
- Department of pharmacy and technology of organic substances, Ukrainian State University of Chemical Technology, Gagarin Ave., 8, Dnipro 49005, Ukraine.
| | - Vadym V Kiselev
- Department of pharmacy and technology of organic substances, Ukrainian State University of Chemical Technology, Gagarin Ave., 8, Dnipro 49005, Ukraine
| | - Aleksandr V Kharchenko
- Department of pharmacy and technology of organic substances, Ukrainian State University of Chemical Technology, Gagarin Ave., 8, Dnipro 49005, Ukraine
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83
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Li E, Li X, Huang J, Xu C, Liang Q, Ren K, Bai A, Lu C, Qian R, Sun N. BMAL1 regulates mitochondrial fission and mitophagy through mitochondrial protein BNIP3 and is critical in the development of dilated cardiomyopathy. Protein Cell 2020; 11:661-679. [PMID: 32277346 PMCID: PMC7452999 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-020-00713-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of circadian rhythms associates with cardiovascular disorders. It is known that deletion of the core circadian gene Bmal1 in mice causes dilated cardiomyopathy. However, the biological rhythm regulation system in mouse is very different from that of humans. Whether BMAL1 plays a role in regulating human heart function remains unclear. Here we generated a BMAL1 knockout human embryonic stem cell (hESC) model and further derived human BMAL1 deficient cardiomyocytes. We show that BMAL1 deficient hESC-derived cardiomyocytes exhibited typical phenotypes of dilated cardiomyopathy including attenuated contractility, calcium dysregulation, and disorganized myofilaments. In addition, mitochondrial fission and mitophagy were suppressed in BMAL1 deficient hESC-cardiomyocytes, which resulted in significantly attenuated mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and compromised cardiomyocyte function. We also found that BMAL1 binds to the E-box element in the promoter region of BNIP3 gene and specifically controls BNIP3 protein expression. BMAL1 knockout directly reduced BNIP3 protein level, causing compromised mitophagy and mitochondria dysfunction and thereby leading to compromised cardiomyocyte function. Our data indicated that the core circadian gene BMAL1 is critical for normal mitochondria activities and cardiac function. Circadian rhythm disruption may directly link to compromised heart function and dilated cardiomyopathy in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ermin Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xiuya Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jie Huang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Chen Xu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Qianqian Liang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Kehan Ren
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Aobing Bai
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Chao Lu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Research Center on Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Ruizhe Qian
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Research Center on Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Ning Sun
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Shanghai Key Lab of Birth Defect, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 201102, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Research Center on Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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84
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Wood SH, Hindle MM, Mizoro Y, Cheng Y, Saer BRC, Miedzinska K, Christian HC, Begley N, McNeilly J, McNeilly AS, Meddle SL, Burt DW, Loudon ASI. Circadian clock mechanism driving mammalian photoperiodism. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4291. [PMID: 32855407 PMCID: PMC7453030 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18061-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The annual photoperiod cycle provides the critical environmental cue synchronizing rhythms of life in seasonal habitats. In 1936, Bünning proposed a circadian-based coincidence timer for photoperiodic synchronization in plants. Formal studies support the universality of this so-called coincidence timer, but we lack understanding of the mechanisms involved. Here we show in mammals that long photoperiods induce the circadian transcription factor BMAL2, in the pars tuberalis of the pituitary, and triggers summer biology through the eyes absent/thyrotrophin (EYA3/TSH) pathway. Conversely, long-duration melatonin signals on short photoperiods induce circadian repressors including DEC1, suppressing BMAL2 and the EYA3/TSH pathway, triggering winter biology. These actions are associated with progressive genome-wide changes in chromatin state, elaborating the effect of the circadian coincidence timer. Hence, circadian clock-pituitary epigenetic pathway interactions form the basis of the mammalian coincidence timer mechanism. Our results constitute a blueprint for circadian-based seasonal timekeeping in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Wood
- Centre for Biological Timing, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
- Arctic Chronobiology and Physiology Research Group, Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, 9037, Norway
| | - M M Hindle
- The Roslin Institute, and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies University of Edinburgh, Roslin, Midlothian, EH25 9PRG, UK
| | - Y Mizoro
- Centre for Biological Timing, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Y Cheng
- UQ Genomics Initiative, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - B R C Saer
- Centre for Biological Timing, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - K Miedzinska
- The Roslin Institute, and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies University of Edinburgh, Roslin, Midlothian, EH25 9PRG, UK
| | - H C Christian
- University of Oxford, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Le Gros Clark Building, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QX, UK
| | - N Begley
- Centre for Biological Timing, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - J McNeilly
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - A S McNeilly
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - S L Meddle
- The Roslin Institute, and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies University of Edinburgh, Roslin, Midlothian, EH25 9PRG, UK
| | - D W Burt
- The Roslin Institute, and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies University of Edinburgh, Roslin, Midlothian, EH25 9PRG, UK
- UQ Genomics Initiative, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - A S I Loudon
- Centre for Biological Timing, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK.
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85
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Sun H, Li C, Zhang Y, Jiang M, Dong Q, Wang Z. Light-resetting impact on behavior and the central circadian clock in two vole species (genus: Lasiopodomys). Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 248-249:110478. [PMID: 32687979 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2020.110478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The behavioral circadian rhythms of subterranean rodents show intra- and interspecies diversity in terms of adaptation to dark underground environments, but the endogenous molecular mechanism of rhythm regulation in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) is stable to many species. In this study, we sought to determine the rhythms of behavior and central molecular regulatory mechanisms in the SCN of the subterranean Mandarin voles (Lasiopodomys mandarinus) compared with a related aboveground species, Brandt's voles (Lasiopodomys brandtii). Both species were reared under a 12 L:12 D cycle or in continuous darkness for 4 weeks. The pattern of wheel-running activity was similar in both species and had a periodicity of almost 24 h regardless of rearing conditions. However, the intensity of daily activity in Brandt's voles decreased markedly in darkness, while there was no significant difference in activity intensity in mandarin voles under different light regimes. In both vole species, all tested genes in the SCN showed significant time-dependent expression regardless of rearing conditions, and the expression levels of most genes did not differ significantly between different species and conditions. However, the peak phase shift in gene expression differed between the two species. In conclusion, behavioral patterns in mandarin and Brandt's voles were regulated by a stable molecular endogenous biological clock. The observed differences in activity intensity and phase shift suggest that different mechanisms regulate circadian rhythms in different living environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Sun
- College of Physical Education (main Campus), Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China; School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Chuyi Li
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Yifeng Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Mengwan Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Qianqian Dong
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Zhenlong Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China.
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86
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Chen G, Tang Q, Yu S, Xie Y, Sun J, Li S, Chen L. The biological function of BMAL1 in skeleton development and disorders. Life Sci 2020; 253:117636. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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87
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Bugge K, Brakti I, Fernandes CB, Dreier JE, Lundsgaard JE, Olsen JG, Skriver K, Kragelund BB. Interactions by Disorder - A Matter of Context. Front Mol Biosci 2020; 7:110. [PMID: 32613009 PMCID: PMC7308724 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.00110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Living organisms depend on timely and organized interactions between proteins linked in interactomes of high complexity. The recent increased precision by which protein interactions can be studied, and the enclosure of intrinsic structural disorder, suggest that it is time to zoom out and embrace protein interactions beyond the most central points of physical encounter. The present paper discusses protein-protein interactions in the view of structural disorder with an emphasis on flanking regions and contexts of disorder-based interactions. Context constitutes an overarching concept being of physicochemical, biomolecular, and physiological nature, but it also includes the immediate molecular context of the interaction. For intrinsically disordered proteins, which often function by exploiting short linear motifs, context contributes in highly regulatory and decisive manners and constitute a yet largely unrecognized source of interaction potential in a multitude of biological processes. Through selected examples, this review emphasizes how multivalency, charges and charge clusters, hydrophobic patches, dynamics, energetic frustration, and ensemble redistribution of flanking regions or disordered contexts are emerging as important contributors to allosteric regulation, positive and negative cooperativity, feedback regulation and negative selection in binding. The review emphasizes that understanding context, and in particular the role the molecular disordered context and flanking regions take on in protein interactions, constitute an untapped well of energetic modulation potential, also of relevance to drug discovery and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrine Bugge
- REPIN, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Structural Biology and NMR Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Inna Brakti
- REPIN, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Structural Biology and NMR Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Catarina B. Fernandes
- REPIN, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Structural Biology and NMR Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jesper E. Dreier
- REPIN, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Structural Biology and NMR Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jeppe E. Lundsgaard
- REPIN, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Structural Biology and NMR Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Johan G. Olsen
- REPIN, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Structural Biology and NMR Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Karen Skriver
- REPIN, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Birthe B. Kragelund
- REPIN, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Structural Biology and NMR Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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88
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van der Watt PJ, Roden LC, Davis KT, Parker MI, Leaner VD. Circadian Oscillations Persist in Cervical and Esophageal Cancer Cells Displaying Decreased Expression of Tumor-Suppressing Circadian Clock Genes. Mol Cancer Res 2020; 18:1340-1353. [PMID: 32503923 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-19-1074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
There is accumulating evidence for a link between circadian clock disruption and cancer progression. In this study, the circadian clock was investigated in cervical and esophageal cancers, to determine whether it is disrupted in these cancer types. Oncomine datamining revealed downregulation of multiple members of the circadian clock gene family in cancer patient tissue compared with matched normal epithelium. Real-time RT-PCR analysis confirmed significant downregulation of CLOCK, PER1, PER2, PER3, CRY1, CRY2, REV-ERBα, and RORα in esophageal tumor tissue. In cell line models, expression of several circadian clock genes was significantly decreased in transformed and cancer cells compared with noncancer controls, and protein levels were dysregulated. These effects were mediated, at least in part, by methylation, where CLOCK, CRY1, and RORα gene promoter regions were found to be methylated in cancer cells. Overexpression of CLOCK and PER2 in cancer cell lines inhibited cell proliferation and activation of RORα and REV-ERBα using agonists resulted in cancer cell death, while having a lesser effect on normal epithelial cells. Despite dysregulated circadian clock gene expression, cervical and esophageal cancer cells maintain functional circadian oscillations after Dexamethasone synchronization, as revealed using real-time bioluminescence imaging, suggesting that their circadian clock mechanisms are intact. IMPLICATIONS: This study is a first to describe dysregulated, yet oscillating, circadian clock gene expression in cervical and esophageal cancer cells, and knowledge of circadian clock functioning in these cancer types has the potential to inform chronotherapy approaches, where the timing of administration of chemotherapy is optimized on the basis of the circadian clock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline J van der Watt
- Division of Medical Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Laura C Roden
- School of Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Kate T Davis
- Division of Medical Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - M Iqbal Parker
- Division of Medical Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Virna D Leaner
- Division of Medical Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- SAMRC/UCT Gynaecological Cancer Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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89
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Peek CB. Metabolic Implications of Circadian-HIF Crosstalk. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2020; 31:459-468. [PMID: 32396846 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2020.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Research over the past few decades has shed light on the mechanisms underlying the link between circadian disruption and the development of metabolic diseases such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cancer. However, how the clock network interacts with tissue-specificnutrient-sensing pathways during conditions of nutrient stress or pathological states remains incompletely understood. Recent work has demonstrated that the circadian clock can 'reprogram' the transcriptome to control distinct sets of genes during altered nutrient conditions, such as high fat diet, aging, and exercise. In this review, I discuss connections between circadian clock transcription factors and the oxygen- and nutrient-responsivehypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) pathway. I highlight recently uncovered mechanistic insights underlying these pathway interactions and address potential implications for the role of circadian disruption in metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara B Peek
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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90
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Gu C, Cai J, Fan X, Bian Y, Yang X, Xia Q, Sun C, Jiang X. Theoretical investigation of AhR binding property with relevant structural requirements for AhR-mediated toxicity of polybrominated diphenyl ethers. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 249:126554. [PMID: 32213394 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are more frequently suspected with the induction of toxicity via signal transduction pathway of cytosolic aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), the initial binding to which is assumed to be an essential prerequisite during the ligand-dependent activation. However, the AhR binding property and associated toxicity of PBDEs is yet to be clearly known for lacking insights into the structural requirements at molecular level. To understand the AhR binding property of PBDEs, the ligand binding domain (LBD) of AhR was simulatively developed on homologous protein after basic validation of geometrical rationality and the binding interaction profile was visually described using molecular docking approach. For AhR binding, the offset or edge-on π-π stackings with aromatic motifs including Phe289, Phe345 and His285 were shown to be structurally required whereas the electrostatic attraction validated for AhR binding to dioxins might be less effective for 2,2',3,4,4'-pentabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-85). Besides the demands of less steric hindrance from alanines and weak formulation of hydrogen bonds, the dispersion force through large contact and polarization of S-π electrons seemed to be impactful when BDE-85 were closer to Cys327, Met334 or Met342. With theoretical computation of AhR binding energies, the more significant correlativity with bioassays was derived especially for the lowly/moderately brominated congeners, and could be used to predict the AhR binding affinity on certain degree. The informative results would thus not only help well understand the molecular basis of AhR-mediated toxicity but give an approach for accelerative evaluation of AhR binding and toxicity of PBDEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenggang Gu
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, PR China.
| | - Jun Cai
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, PR China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Xiuli Fan
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, PR China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Yongrong Bian
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, PR China
| | - Xinglun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, PR China
| | - Qiying Xia
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Soil Conservation and Environmental Protection, Linyi University, Linyi, 276005, PR China.
| | - Cheng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Xin Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, PR China.
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91
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Li Y, Shan Y, Kilaru GK, Berto S, Wang GZ, Cox KH, Yoo SH, Yang S, Konopka G, Takahashi JS. Epigenetic inheritance of circadian period in clonal cells. eLife 2020; 9:54186. [PMID: 32459177 PMCID: PMC7289596 DOI: 10.7554/elife.54186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian oscillations are generated via transcriptional-translational negative feedback loops. However, individual cells from fibroblast cell lines have heterogeneous rhythms, oscillating independently and with different period lengths. Here we showed that heterogeneity in circadian period is heritable and used a multi-omics approach to investigate underlying mechanisms. By examining large-scale phenotype-associated gene expression profiles in hundreds of mouse clonal cell lines, we identified and validated multiple novel candidate genes involved in circadian period determination in the absence of significant genomic variants. We also discovered differentially co-expressed gene networks that were functionally associated with period length. We further demonstrated that global differential DNA methylation bidirectionally regulated these same gene networks. Interestingly, we found that depletion of DNMT1 and DNMT3A had opposite effects on circadian period, suggesting non-redundant roles in circadian gene regulation. Together, our findings identify novel gene candidates involved in periodicity, and reveal DNA methylation as an important regulator of circadian periodicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Department of Neuroscience, Peter O'Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Yongli Shan
- Department of Neuroscience, Peter O'Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Gokhul Krishna Kilaru
- Department of Neuroscience, Peter O'Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Stefano Berto
- Department of Neuroscience, Peter O'Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Guang-Zhong Wang
- Department of Neuroscience, Peter O'Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Kimberly H Cox
- Department of Neuroscience, Peter O'Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Seung-Hee Yoo
- Department of Neuroscience, Peter O'Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Shuzhang Yang
- Department of Neuroscience, Peter O'Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Genevieve Konopka
- Department of Neuroscience, Peter O'Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Joseph S Takahashi
- Department of Neuroscience, Peter O'Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
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92
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Cervantes M, Forné I, Ranjit S, Gratton E, Imhof A, Sassone-Corsi P. BMAL1 Associates with NOP58 in the Nucleolus and Contributes to Pre-rRNA Processing. iScience 2020; 23:101151. [PMID: 32450515 PMCID: PMC7256328 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor BMAL1 is a core element of the circadian clock that contributes to cyclic control of genes transcribed by RNA polymerase II. By using biochemical cellular fractionation and immunofluorescence analyses we reveal a previously uncharacterized nucleolar localization for BMAL1. We used an unbiased approach to determine the BMAL1 interactome by mass spectrometry and identified NOP58 as a prominent nucleolar interactor. NOP58, a core component of the box C/D small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein complex, associates with Snord118 to control specific pre-ribosomal RNA (pre-rRNA) processing steps. These results suggest a non-canonical role of BMAL1 in ribosomal RNA regulation. Indeed, we show that BMAL1 controls NOP58-associated Snord118 nucleolar levels and cleavage of unique pre-rRNA intermediates. Our findings identify an unsuspected function of BMAL1 in the nucleolus that appears distinct from its canonical role in the circadian clock system. BMAL1 displays a circadian-independent localization in the nucleolus Bmal1-deficient cells show altered nucleolar morphology Interactome proteomics reveals that BMAL1 associates with nucleolar proteins BMAL1 appears to play a non-canonical, non-circadian role in pre-rRNA processing
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlene Cervantes
- Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, U1233 INSERM, Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Ignasi Forné
- Protein Analysis Unit, Biomedical Center, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich 80539, Germany
| | - Suman Ranjit
- Laboratory for Fluorescence Dynamics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Enrico Gratton
- Laboratory for Fluorescence Dynamics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Axel Imhof
- Protein Analysis Unit, Biomedical Center, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich 80539, Germany
| | - Paolo Sassone-Corsi
- Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, U1233 INSERM, Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
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93
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Partch CL. Orchestration of Circadian Timing by Macromolecular Protein Assemblies. J Mol Biol 2020; 432:3426-3448. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2019.12.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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94
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Identification of the Repressive Domain of the Negative Circadian Clock Component CHRONO. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072469. [PMID: 32252431 PMCID: PMC7177903 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythm is an endogenous, self-sustainable oscillation that participates in regulating organisms’ physiological activities. Key to this oscillation is a negative feedback by the main clock components Periods and Cryptochromes that repress the transcriptional activity of BMAL1/CLOCK (defined in the Abbreviations) complexes. In addition, a novel repressor, CHRONO, has been identified recently, but details of CHRONO’s function during repressing the circadian cycle remain unclear. Here we report that a domain of CHRONO mainly composed of α-helixes is critical to repression through the exploitation of protein–protein interactions according to luciferase reporter assays, co-immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence, genome editing, and structural information analysis via circular dichroism spectroscopy. This repression is fulfilled by interactions between CHRONO and a region on the C-terminus of BMAL1 where Cryptochrome and CBP (defined in the Abbreviations) bind. Our resultsindicate that CHRONO and PER differentially function as BMAL1/CLOCK-dependent repressors. Besides, the N-terminus of CHRONO is important for its nuclear localization. We further develop a repression model of how PER, CRY, and CHRONO proteins associate with BMAL1, respectively.
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95
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Moura-Alves P, Puyskens A, Stinn A, Klemm M, Guhlich-Bornhof U, Dorhoi A, Furkert J, Kreuchwig A, Protze J, Lozza L, Pei G, Saikali P, Perdomo C, Mollenkopf HJ, Hurwitz R, Kirschhoefer F, Brenner-Weiss G, Weiner J, Oschkinat H, Kolbe M, Krause G, Kaufmann SHE. Host monitoring of quorum sensing during Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. Science 2020; 366:366/6472/eaaw1629. [PMID: 31857448 DOI: 10.1126/science.aaw1629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa rapidly adapts to altered conditions by quorum sensing (QS), a communication system that it uses to collectively modify its behavior through the production, release, and detection of signaling molecules. QS molecules can also be sensed by hosts, although the respective receptors and signaling pathways are poorly understood. We describe a pattern of regulation in the host by the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) that is critically dependent on qualitative and quantitative sensing of P. aeruginosa quorum. QS molecules bind to AhR and distinctly modulate its activity. This is mirrored upon infection with P. aeruginosa collected from diverse growth stages and with QS mutants. We propose that by spying on bacterial quorum, AhR acts as a major sensor of infection dynamics, capable of orchestrating host defense according to the status quo of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Moura-Alves
- Department of Immunology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, 10117 Berlin, Germany. .,Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Andreas Puyskens
- Department of Immunology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Anne Stinn
- Department of Immunology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, 10117 Berlin, Germany.,Structural Systems Biology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, 10117 Berlin, Germany.,Department of Structural Infection Biology, Centre for Structural Systems Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), 22607 Hamburg, Germany.,Faculty of Mathematics, Informatics and Natural Sciences, University of Hamburg, 20148 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marion Klemm
- Department of Immunology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ute Guhlich-Bornhof
- Department of Immunology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Anca Dorhoi
- Department of Immunology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, 10117 Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Immunology, Friedrich-Loeffler Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany.,Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jens Furkert
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Annika Kreuchwig
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jonas Protze
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Laura Lozza
- Department of Immunology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, 10117 Berlin, Germany.,Epiontis GmbH-Precision for Medicine, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Gang Pei
- Department of Immunology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Philippe Saikali
- Department of Immunology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Carolina Perdomo
- Department of Immunology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hans J Mollenkopf
- Microarray Core Facility, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Department of Immunology, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Hurwitz
- Protein Purification Core Facility, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Frank Kirschhoefer
- Institute of Functional Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Gerald Brenner-Weiss
- Protein Purification Core Facility, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - January Weiner
- Department of Immunology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hartmut Oschkinat
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Kolbe
- Structural Systems Biology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, 10117 Berlin, Germany.,Department of Structural Infection Biology, Centre for Structural Systems Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), 22607 Hamburg, Germany.,Faculty of Mathematics, Informatics and Natural Sciences, University of Hamburg, 20148 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gerd Krause
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan H E Kaufmann
- Department of Immunology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, 10117 Berlin, Germany. .,Hagler Institute for Advanced Study at Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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96
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Fribourgh JL, Srivastava A, Sandate CR, Michael AK, Hsu PL, Rakers C, Nguyen LT, Torgrimson MR, Parico GCG, Tripathi S, Zheng N, Lander GC, Hirota T, Tama F, Partch CL. Dynamics at the serine loop underlie differential affinity of cryptochromes for CLOCK:BMAL1 to control circadian timing. eLife 2020; 9:e55275. [PMID: 32101164 PMCID: PMC7064333 DOI: 10.7554/elife.55275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian circadian rhythms are generated by a transcription-based feedback loop in which CLOCK:BMAL1 drives transcription of its repressors (PER1/2, CRY1/2), which ultimately interact with CLOCK:BMAL1 to close the feedback loop with ~24 hr periodicity. Here we pinpoint a key difference between CRY1 and CRY2 that underlies their differential strengths as transcriptional repressors. Both cryptochromes bind the BMAL1 transactivation domain similarly to sequester it from coactivators and repress CLOCK:BMAL1 activity. However, we find that CRY1 is recruited with much higher affinity to the PAS domain core of CLOCK:BMAL1, allowing it to serve as a stronger repressor that lengthens circadian period. We discovered a dynamic serine-rich loop adjacent to the secondary pocket in the photolyase homology region (PHR) domain that regulates differential binding of cryptochromes to the PAS domain core of CLOCK:BMAL1. Notably, binding of the co-repressor PER2 remodels the serine loop of CRY2, making it more CRY1-like and enhancing its affinity for CLOCK:BMAL1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Fribourgh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa CruzSanta CruzUnited States
| | | | | | - Alicia K Michael
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa CruzSanta CruzUnited States
| | - Peter L Hsu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | - Christin Rakers
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Leslee T Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa CruzSanta CruzUnited States
| | - Megan R Torgrimson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa CruzSanta CruzUnited States
| | - Gian Carlo G Parico
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa CruzSanta CruzUnited States
| | - Sarvind Tripathi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa CruzSanta CruzUnited States
| | - Ning Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
- Howard Hughes Medical InstituteSeattleUnited States
| | | | - Tsuyoshi Hirota
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules, Nagoya UniversityNagoyaJapan
| | - Florence Tama
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules, Nagoya UniversityNagoyaJapan
- Department of Physics, Nagoya UniversityNagoyaJapan
- RIKEN Center for Computational ScienceKobeJapan
| | - Carrie L Partch
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa CruzSanta CruzUnited States
- Center for Circadian Biology, University of California San DiegoLa JollaUnited States
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97
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Doruk YU, Yarparvar D, Akyel YK, Gul S, Taskin AC, Yilmaz F, Baris I, Ozturk N, Türkay M, Ozturk N, Okyar A, Kavakli IH. A CLOCK-binding small molecule disrupts the interaction between CLOCK and BMAL1 and enhances circadian rhythm amplitude. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:3518-3531. [PMID: 32019867 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.011332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Proper function of many physiological processes requires a robust circadian clock. Disruptions of the circadian clock can result in metabolic diseases, mood disorders, and accelerated aging. Therefore, identifying small molecules that specifically modulate regulatory core clock proteins may potentially enable better management of these disorders. In this study, we applied a structure-based molecular-docking approach to find small molecules that specifically bind to the core circadian regulator, the transcription factor circadian locomotor output cycles kaput (CLOCK). We identified 100 candidate molecules by virtual screening of ∼2 million small molecules for those predicted to bind closely to the interface in CLOCK that interacts with its transcriptional co-regulator, Brain and muscle Arnt-like protein-1 (BMAL1). Using a mammalian two-hybrid system, real-time monitoring of circadian rhythm in U2OS cells, and various biochemical assays, we tested these compounds experimentally and found one, named CLK8, that specifically bound to and interfered with CLOCK activity. We show that CLK8 disrupts the interaction between CLOCK and BMAL1 and interferes with nuclear translocation of CLOCK both in vivo and in vitro Results from further experiments indicated that CLK8 enhances the amplitude of the cellular circadian rhythm by stabilizing the negative arm of the transcription/translation feedback loop without affecting period length. Our results reveal CLK8 as a tool for further studies of CLOCK's role in circadian rhythm amplitude regulation and as a potential candidate for therapeutic development to manage disorders associated with dampened circadian rhythms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yagmur Umay Doruk
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Koc University, Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sariyer, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Darya Yarparvar
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Koc University, Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sariyer, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Kubra Akyel
- Department of Pharmacology, Istanbul University Faculty of Pharmacy, TR-34116 Beyazit, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Seref Gul
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Koc University, Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sariyer, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ali Cihan Taskin
- Embryo Manipulation Laboratory, Animal Research Facility, Research Center For Translational Medicine, Koc University, Rumelifeneri yolu, Sariyer, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fatma Yilmaz
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Baris
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Koc University, Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sariyer, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nuri Ozturk
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Metin Türkay
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Koc University, Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sariyer, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Narin Ozturk
- Department of Pharmacology, Istanbul University Faculty of Pharmacy, TR-34116 Beyazit, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Alper Okyar
- Department of Pharmacology, Istanbul University Faculty of Pharmacy, TR-34116 Beyazit, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Halil Kavakli
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Koc University, Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sariyer, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Koc University, Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sariyer, Istanbul, Turkey.
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98
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Hastings MH, Smyllie NJ, Patton AP. Molecular-genetic Manipulation of the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus Circadian Clock. J Mol Biol 2020; 432:3639-3660. [PMID: 31996314 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2020.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Circadian (approximately daily) rhythms of physiology and behaviour adapt organisms to the alternating environments of day and night. The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus is the principal circadian timekeeper of mammals. The mammalian cell-autonomous circadian clock is built around a self-sustaining transcriptional-translational negative feedback loop (TTFL) in which the negative regulators Per and Cry suppress their own expression, which is driven by the positive regulators Clock and Bmal1. Importantly, such TTFL-based clocks are present in all major tissues across the organism, and the SCN is their central co-ordinator. First, we analyse SCN timekeeping at the cell-autonomous and the circuit-based levels of organisation. We consider how molecular-genetic manipulations have been used to probe cell-autonomous timing in the SCN, identifying the integral components of the clock. Second, we consider new approaches that enable real-time monitoring of the activity of these clock components and clock-driven cellular outputs. Finally, we review how intersectional genetic manipulations of the cell-autonomous clockwork can be used to determine how SCN cells interact to generate an ensemble circadian signal. Critically, it is these network-level interactions that confer on the SCN its emergent properties of robustness, light-entrained phase and precision- properties that are essential for its role as the central co-ordinator. Remaining gaps in knowledge include an understanding of how the TTFL proteins behave individually and in complexes: whether particular SCN neuronal populations act as pacemakers, and if so, by which signalling mechanisms, and finally the nature of the recently discovered role of astrocytes within the SCN network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael H Hastings
- Division of Neurobiology, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK.
| | - Nicola J Smyllie
- Division of Neurobiology, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Andrew P Patton
- Division of Neurobiology, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
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99
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Hergenhan S, Holtkamp S, Scheiermann C. Molecular Interactions Between Components of the Circadian Clock and the Immune System. J Mol Biol 2020; 432:3700-3713. [PMID: 31931006 PMCID: PMC7322557 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2019.12.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The immune system is under control of the circadian clock. Many of the circadian rhythms observed in the immune system originate in direct interactions between components of the circadian clock and components of the immune system. The main means of circadian control over the immune system is by direct control of circadian clock proteins acting as transcription factors driving the expression or repression of immune genes. A second circadian control of immunity lies in the acetylation or methylation of histones to regulate gene transcription or inflammatory proteins. Furthermore, circadian clock proteins can engage in direct physical interactions with components of key inflammatory pathways such as members of the NFκB protein family. This regulation is transcription independent and allows the immune system to also reciprocally exert control over circadian clock function. Thus, the molecular interactions between the circadian clock and the immune system are manifold. We highlight and discuss here the recent findings with respect to the molecular mechanisms that control time-of-day-dependent immunity. This review provides a structured overview focusing on the key circadian clock proteins and discusses their reciprocal interactions with the immune system. The immune system is under control of the circadian clock. Circadian clock proteins act as transcription factors controlling genes of the immune system. Circadian clock proteins engage in direct physical interactions with inflammatory proteins. Immune factors also reciprocally exert control over circadian clock function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Hergenhan
- Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, BioMedical Centre, Planegg-Martinsried, Munich, Germany
| | - Stephan Holtkamp
- Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, BioMedical Centre, Planegg-Martinsried, Munich, Germany
| | - Christoph Scheiermann
- Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, BioMedical Centre, Planegg-Martinsried, Munich, Germany; University of Geneva, Centre Médical Universitaire (CMU), Department of Pathology and Immunology, Geneva, Switzerland.
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100
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De Nobrega AK, Lyons LC. Aging and the clock: Perspective from flies to humans. Eur J Neurosci 2020; 51:454-481. [PMID: 30269400 PMCID: PMC6441388 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Endogenous circadian oscillators regulate molecular, cellular and physiological rhythms, synchronizing tissues and organ function to coordinate activity and metabolism with environmental cycles. The technological nature of modern society with round-the-clock work schedules and heavy reliance on personal electronics has precipitated a striking increase in the incidence of circadian and sleep disorders. Circadian dysfunction contributes to an increased risk for many diseases and appears to have adverse effects on aging and longevity in animal models. From invertebrate organisms to humans, the function and synchronization of the circadian system weakens with age aggravating the age-related disorders and pathologies. In this review, we highlight the impacts of circadian dysfunction on aging and longevity and the reciprocal effects of aging on circadian function with examples from Drosophila to humans underscoring the highly conserved nature of these interactions. Additionally, we review the potential for using reinforcement of the circadian system to promote healthy aging and mitigate age-related pathologies. Advancements in medicine and public health have significantly increased human life span in the past century. With the demographics of countries worldwide shifting to an older population, there is a critical need to understand the factors that shape healthy aging. Drosophila melanogaster, as a model for aging and circadian interactions, has the capacity to facilitate the rapid advancement of research in this area and provide mechanistic insights for targeted investigations in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliza K De Nobrega
- Program in Neuroscience, Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida
| | - Lisa C Lyons
- Program in Neuroscience, Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida
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