51
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Zhang P, Villanueva V, Kalkowski J, Liu C, Donovan AJ, Bu W, Schlossman ML, Lin B, Liu Y. Molecular interactions of phospholipid monolayers with a model phospholipase. SOFT MATTER 2019; 15:4068-4077. [PMID: 30958491 DOI: 10.1039/c8sm01154k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The intrinsic overexpression of secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) in various pro-inflammatory diseases and cancers has the potential to be exploited as a therapeutic strategy for diagnostics and treatment. To explore this potential and advance our knowledge of the role of sPLA2 in related diseases, it is necessary to systematically investigate the molecular interaction of the enzyme with lipids. By employing a Langmuir trough integrated with X-ray reflectivity and grazing incidence X-ray diffraction techniques, this study examined the molecular packing structure of 1,2-palmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) films before and after enzyme adsorption and enzyme-catalyzed degradation. Molecular interaction of sPLA2 (from bee venom) with the DPPC monolayer exhibited Ca2+ dependence. DPPC molecules at the interface without Ca2+ retained a monolayer organization; upon adsorption of sPLA2 to the monolayer the packing became tighter. In contrast, sPLA2-catalyzed degradation of DPPC occurred in the presence of Ca2+, leading to disruption of the ordered monolayer structure of DPPC. The interfacial film became a mixture of highly ordered multilayer domains of palmitic acid (PA) and loosely packed monolayer phase of 1-palmitoyl-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (lysoPC) that potentially contained the remaining un-degraded DPPC. The redistribution of lipid degradation products into the third dimension, which produced multilayer PA domains, damaged the structural integrity of the original lipid layer and may explain the bursting of liposomes observed in other studies after a latency period of mixing liposomes with sPLA2. A quantitative understanding of the lipid packing and lipid-enzyme interaction provides an intuitive means of designing and optimizing lipid-related drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pin Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA.
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SDS-induced oligomerization of Lys49-phospholipase A 2 from snake venom. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2330. [PMID: 30787342 PMCID: PMC6382788 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-38861-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) is one of the representative toxic components of snake venom. PLA2s are categorized into several subgroups according to the amino acid at position 49, which comprises either Asp49, Lys49, Arg49 or Ser49. Previous studies suggested that the Lys49-PLA2 assembles into an extremely stable dimer. Although the behavior on Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) under reducing or non-reducing conditions suggested the presence of intermolecular disulfide bonds, these bonds were not observed in the crystal structure of Lys49-PLA2. The reason for this discrepancy between the crystal structure and SDS-PAGE of Lys49-PLA2 remains unknown. In this study, we analyzed a Lys49-PLA2 homologue from Protobothrops flavoviridis (PflLys49-PLA2 BPII), by biophysical analyses including X-ray crystallography, SDS-PAGE, native-mass spectrometry, and analytical ultracentrifugation. The results demonstrated that PflLys49-PLA2 BPII spontaneously oligomerized in the presence of SDS, which is one of the strongest protein denaturants.
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Perez-Riverol A, Lasa AM, Dos Santos-Pinto JRA, Palma MS. Insect venom phospholipases A1 and A2: Roles in the envenoming process and allergy. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 105:10-24. [PMID: 30582958 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2018.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Insect venom phospholipases have been identified in nearly all clinically relevant social Hymenoptera, including bees, wasps and ants. Among other biological roles, during the envenoming process these enzymes cause the disruption of cellular membranes and induce hypersensitive reactions, including life threatening anaphylaxis. While phospholipase A2 (PLA2) is a predominant component of bee venoms, phospholipase A1 (PLA1) is highly abundant in wasps and ants. The pronounced prevalence of IgE-mediated reactivity to these allergens in sensitized patients emphasizes their important role as major elicitors of Hymenoptera venom allergy (HVA). PLA1 and -A2 represent valuable marker allergens for differentiation of genuine sensitizations to bee and/or wasp venoms from cross-reactivity. Moreover, in massive attacks, insect venom phospholipases often cause several pathologies that can lead to fatalities. This review summarizes the available data related to structure, model of enzymatic activity and pathophysiological roles during envenoming process of insect venom phospholipases A1 and -A2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amilcar Perez-Riverol
- Center of the Study of Social Insects, Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences of Rio Claro, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, SP, 13500, Brazil
| | - Alexis Musacchio Lasa
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Biomedical Research Division, Department of System Biology, Ave. 31, e/158 and 190, P.O. Box 6162, Cubanacan, Playa, Havana, 10600, Cuba
| | - José Roberto Aparecido Dos Santos-Pinto
- Center of the Study of Social Insects, Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences of Rio Claro, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, SP, 13500, Brazil
| | - Mario Sergio Palma
- Center of the Study of Social Insects, Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences of Rio Claro, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, SP, 13500, Brazil.
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Chen PC, Huang MN, Chang JF, Liu CC, Chen CK, Hsieh CH. Snake venom proteome and immuno-profiling of the hundred-pace viper, Deinagkistrodon acutus, in Taiwan. Acta Trop 2019; 189:137-144. [PMID: 30268686 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2018.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Deinagkistrodon acutus, also known as the hundred-pace viper or Chinese moccasin, is a clinically significant venomous snake in Taiwan. To address the lack of knowledge on the venom proteome of D. acutus, the venom composition was studied by a bottom-up proteomic approach combining reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography, SDS-PAGE, and LC-MS/MS analysis. The immunoreactivity and cross-reactivity of Taiwanese freeze-dried D. acutus antivenom (DA-AV) and hemorrhagic antivenom (FH-AV) were investigated, as well. The proteomic analysis revealed the presence of 29 distinct proteins from D. acutus venom belonging to 8 snake venom protein families. Snake venom metalloproteinase (SVMP, 46.86%), C-type lectin (CLEC, 37.59%), phospholipase A2 (PLA2, 7.33%) and snake venom serine protease (SVSP, 6.62%) were the most abundant proteins. In addition to DA-AV, FH-AV also showed a profile of broad immunorecognition toward the venom of D. acutus. Remarkably, both antivenoms specifically reacted with the HPLC fractions containing SVMPs, and the titer was 5-10 times higher than fractions of other components. This information helps us to deeply understand the pathophysiology of D. acutus envenomation and guide us to development of more effective antivenom for clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Chuan Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Nan Huang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, En Chu Kong Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Yuanpei University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Feng Chang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Yuanpei University, Hsinchu, Taiwan; Divison of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, En-Chu-Kong Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Renal Care Joint Foundation, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chun Liu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Kuei Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Cheng-Hsien Hsieh
- Department of Emergency Medicine, En Chu Kong Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Yuanpei University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
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Engineered nanoparticles bind elapid snake venom toxins and inhibit venom-induced dermonecrosis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2018; 12:e0006736. [PMID: 30286075 PMCID: PMC6171825 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Envenomings by snakebites constitute a serious and challenging global health issue. The mainstay in the therapy of snakebite envenomings is the parenteral administration of animal-derived antivenoms. Significantly, antivenoms are only partially effective in the control of local tissue damage. A novel approach to mitigate the progression of local tissue damage that could complement the antivenom therapy of envenomings is proposed. We describe an abiotic hydrogel nanoparticle engineered to bind to and modulate the activity of a diverse array of PLA2 and 3FTX isoforms found in Elapidae snake venoms. These two families of protein toxins share features that are associated with their common (membrane) targets, allowing for nanoparticle sequestration by a mechanism that differs from immunological (epitope) selection. The nanoparticles are non-toxic in mice and inhibit dose-dependently the dermonecrotic activity of Naja nigricollis venom.
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56
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Vindas J, Carrera Y, Lomonte B, Gutiérrez JM, Calvete JJ, Sanz L, Fernández J. A novel pentameric phospholipase A2 myotoxin (PophPLA2) from the venom of the pit viper Porthidium ophryomegas. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 118:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 06/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Genotoxic effects of BnSP-6, a Lys-49 phospholipase A2 (PLA2) homologue from Bothrops pauloensis snake venom, on MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 118:311-319. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.06.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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A model for hydrophobic protrusions on peripheral membrane proteins. PLoS Comput Biol 2018; 14:e1006325. [PMID: 30048443 PMCID: PMC6080788 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1006325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
With remarkable spatial and temporal specificities, peripheral membrane proteins bind to biological membranes. They do this without compromising solubility of the protein, and their binding sites are not easily distinguished. Prototypical peripheral membrane binding sites display a combination of patches of basic and hydrophobic amino acids that are also frequently present on other protein surfaces. The purpose of this contribution is to identify simple but essential components for membrane binding, through structural criteria that distinguish exposed hydrophobes at membrane binding sites from those that are frequently found on any protein surface. We formulate the concepts of protruding hydrophobes and co-insertability and have analysed more than 300 families of proteins that are classified as peripheral membrane binders. We find that this structural motif strongly discriminates the surfaces of membrane-binding and non-binding proteins. Our model constitutes a novel formulation of a structural pattern for membrane recognition and emphasizes the importance of subtle structural properties of hydrophobic membrane binding sites. Peripheral membrane proteins bind cellular membranes transiently, and are otherwise soluble proteins. As the interaction between proteins and membranes happens at cellular interfaces they are naturally involved in important interfacial processes such as recognition, signaling and trafficking. Commonly their binding sites are also soluble, and their binding mechanisms poorly understood. This complicates the elaboration of conceptual and quantitative models for peripheral membrane binding and makes binding site prediction difficult. It is therefore of great interest to discover traits that are common between these binding sites and that distinguishes them from other protein surfaces. In this work we identify simple and general structural features that facilitate membrane recognition by soluble proteins. We show that these motifs are highly over-represented on peripheral membrane proteins.
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Hui DY. Group 1B phospholipase A 2 in metabolic and inflammatory disease modulation. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2018; 1864:784-788. [PMID: 30003964 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The group 1B phospholipase A2 (PLA2G1B) is a secreted phospholipase that catalyzes the hydrolytic removal of the sn-2 fatty acyl moiety from phospholipids. This enzyme is synthesized most abundantly in the pancreas and is also expressed in the lung. The first part of this review article focuses on the role of pancreatic-derived PLA2G1B in mediating lipid absorption and discusses how the PLA2G1B-derived metabolic product contributes to cardiometabolic diseases, including obesity, hyperinsulinemia, hyperlipidemia, and atherosclerosis. The anti-helminth properties of PLA2G1B will also be discussed. The second part of this review will focus on PLA2G1B expressed in the lung, and in vitro data suggest that how this enzyme may modulate lung inflammation via both hydrolytic activity-dependent and -dependent mechanisms. Finally, recent studies revealing a relationship between PLA2G1B and cancer will also be discussed. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Novel functions of phospholipase A2 Guest Editors: Makoto Murakami and Gerard Lambeau.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Y Hui
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45237, USA; Department of Pathology, Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 2120 E. Galbraith Road, Cincinnati, OH 45237, United States.
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60
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Krayem N, Parsiegla G, Gaussier H, Louati H, Jallouli R, Mansuelle P, Carrière F, Gargouri Y. Functional characterization and FTIR-based 3D modeling of full length and truncated forms of Scorpio maurus venom phospholipase A 2. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2018; 1862:1247-1261. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2018.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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61
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Phospholipases play multiple cellular roles including growth, stress tolerance, sexual development, and virulence in fungi. Microbiol Res 2018; 209:55-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2017.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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In silico investigation of the molecular effects caused by R123H variant in secretory phospholipase A2-IIA associated with ARDS. J Mol Graph Model 2018. [PMID: 29529495 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2018.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Phospholipase A2-IIA catalyzes the hydrolysis of the sn-2 ester of glycerophospholipids. A rare c.428G > A (p.Arg143His) variant in PLA2G2A gene was found in two infants affected by acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) by whole coding region and exon/intron boundaries sequencing. To obtain insights into the possible molecular effects of the rare R123H mutation in secretory PLA2-IIA (sPLA2-IIA), molecular modelling, molecular dynamics (MD) using principal component analysis (PCA) and continuum electrostatic calculations were conducted on the crystal structure of the wild type protein and on a generated model structure of the R123H mutant. Analysis of MD trajectories indicate that the overall stability of the protein is not affected by this mutation but nevertheless the catalytically crucial H-bond between Tyr51 and Asp91 as well as main electrostatic interactions in the region close to the mutation site are altered. PCA results indicate that the R123H replacement alter the internal molecular motions of the enzyme and that collective motions are increased. Electrostatic surface potential studies suggest that after mutation the interfacial binding to anionic phospholipid membranes and anionic proteins may be changed. The strengthening of electrostatic interactions may be propagated into the active site region thus potentially affecting the substrate recognition and enzymatic activity. Our findings provide the basis for further investigation and advances our understanding of the effects of mutations on sPLA2 structure and function.
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63
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Secreted Phospholipases A₂ from Animal Venoms in Pain and Analgesia. Toxins (Basel) 2017; 9:toxins9120406. [PMID: 29311537 PMCID: PMC5744126 DOI: 10.3390/toxins9120406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal venoms comprise a complex mixture of components that affect several biological systems. Based on the high selectivity for their molecular targets, these components are also a rich source of potential therapeutic agents. Among the main components of animal venoms are the secreted phospholipases A2 (sPLA2s). These PLA2 belong to distinct PLA2s groups. For example, snake venom sPLA2s from Elapidae and Viperidae families, the most important families when considering envenomation, belong, respectively, to the IA and IIA/IIB groups, whereas bee venom PLA2 belongs to group III of sPLA2s. It is well known that PLA2, due to its hydrolytic activity on phospholipids, takes part in many pathophysiological processes, including inflammation and pain. Therefore, secreted PLA2s obtained from animal venoms have been widely used as tools to (a) modulate inflammation and pain, uncovering molecular targets that are implicated in the control of inflammatory (including painful) and neurodegenerative diseases; (b) shed light on the pathophysiology of inflammation and pain observed in human envenomation by poisonous animals; and, (c) characterize molecular mechanisms involved in inflammatory diseases. The present review summarizes the knowledge on the nociceptive and antinociceptive actions of sPLA2s from animal venoms, particularly snake venoms.
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Tilinca M, Florea A. Ultrastructural analysis of early toxic effects produced by bee venom phospholipase A2 and melittin in Sertoli cells in rats. Toxicon 2017; 141:94-103. [PMID: 29229236 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2017.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to investigate the testicular toxicity of two molecules derived from bee venom (BV): phospholipase A2 (PlA2) and melittin (Mlt). Ultrastructural effects of purified BV PlA2 and Mlt were assessed consecutive to repeated dose (30 days) and acute toxicity studies. For the subchronic treatment, PlA2 and Mlt were injected in daily doses equivalent to those released by a bee sting (105 μg PlA2/kg/day and 350 μg Mlt/kg/day), while in the acute treatment their doses corresponded to those released by 100 bee stings (9.3 mg PlA2/kg and 31 mg Mlt/kg). Both PlA2 and Mlt affected the Leydig cells and the cells in seminiferous tubules, the Sertoli cells first of all. PlA2 injection resulted in detachment of the Sertoli cells from the surrounding cells, and extracellular vacuolations, cytoplasmic vacuolations in their basal region and in branches as well, detachment of spermatids, residual bodies and sometimes even spermatocytes into the lumen, changes that had a higher magnitude after the acute treatment. Mlt injection induced similar ultrastructural alterations, but more severe, including degeneration of cellular organelles and cellular necrosis, resulting into rarefaction of the seminiferous epithelium; the ultrastructural changes had a higher magnitude after the 30 repeated dose treatment. We concluded that either of the two molecules tested here, PlA2 and Mlt, were Sertoli cells toxicants at the used doses, and they participated both in the BV testicular toxicity. We consider the observed changes as part of a preceding mechanism of the more severe alterations produced by the BV. It also remains possible that these early unspecific changes reported here could represent the response of the SCs not only to the components of bee venom, but to molecules of other venoms as well. The Sertoli cells were the primary target of PlA2 and Mlt in the spermatogenic epithelium, and their alteration led to further degenerative changes of the germ cells. Since the exposure to PlA2 and Mlt caused severe alteration, including cell death and detachment of immature germ cells into the lumen, we may also conclude that the bee venom molecules had a potential to interfere with normal progression of spermatogenesis. All the degenerative changes observed in the Sertoli cells were accompanied with changes of the Leydig cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Tilinca
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Târgu-Mureş, Romania
| | - Adrian Florea
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
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Mateos-Diaz E, Sutto-Ortiz P, Sahaka M, Byrne D, Gaussier H, Carrière F. IR spectroscopy analysis of pancreatic lipase-related protein 2 interaction with phospholipids: 2. Discriminative recognition of various micellar systems and characterization of PLRP2-DPPC-bile salt complexes. Chem Phys Lipids 2017; 211:66-76. [PMID: 29155085 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2017.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The interaction of pancreatic lipase-related protein 2 (PLRP2) with various micelles containing phospholipids was investigated using pHstat enzyme activity measurements, differential light scattering, size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and transmission IR spectroscopy. Various micelles of 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) and lysophosphatidylcholine were prepared with either bile salts (sodium taurodeoxycholate or glycodeoxycholate) or Triton X-100, which are substrate-dispersing agents commonly used for measuring phospholipase activities. PLRP2 displayed a high activity on all phospholipid-bile salt micelles, but was totally inactive on phospholipid-Triton X-100 micelles. These findings clearly differentiate PLRP2 from secreted pancreatic phospholipase A2 which is highly active on both types of micelles. Using an inactive variant of PLRP2, SEC experiments allowed identifying two populations of PLRP2-DPPC-bile salt complexes corresponding to a high molecular weight 1:1 PLRP2-micelle association and to a low molecular weight association of PLRP2 with few monomers of DPPC/bile salts. IR spectroscopy analysis showed how DPPC-bile salt micelles differ from DPPC-Triton X-100 micelles by a higher fluidity of acyl chains and higher hydration/H-bonding of the interfacial carbonyl region. The presence of bile salts allowed observing changes in the IR spectrum of DPPC upon addition of PLRP2 (higher rigidity of acyl chains, dehydration of the interfacial carbonyl region), while no change was observed with Triton X-100. The differences between these surfactants and their impact on substrate recognition by PLRP2 are discussed, as well as the mechanism by which high and low molecular weight PLRP2-DPPC-bile salt complexes may be involved in the overall process of DPPC hydrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Mateos-Diaz
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, UMR7282 Enzymologie Interfaciale et Physiologie de la Lipolyse, Marseille, France
| | - Priscila Sutto-Ortiz
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, UMR7282 Enzymologie Interfaciale et Physiologie de la Lipolyse, Marseille, France; Biotecnología Industrial, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco A.C. (CIATEJ), Zapopan, Jalisco, México
| | - Moulay Sahaka
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, UMR7282 Enzymologie Interfaciale et Physiologie de la Lipolyse, Marseille, France
| | - Deborah Byrne
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, FR3479 Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France
| | - Hélène Gaussier
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, UMR7282 Enzymologie Interfaciale et Physiologie de la Lipolyse, Marseille, France
| | - Frédéric Carrière
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, UMR7282 Enzymologie Interfaciale et Physiologie de la Lipolyse, Marseille, France.
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Misslin C, Velasco-Estevez M, Albert M, O’Sullivan SA, Dev KK. Phospholipase A2 is involved in galactosylsphingosine-induced astrocyte toxicity, neuronal damage and demyelination. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0187217. [PMID: 29095858 PMCID: PMC5667767 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Krabbe disease is a fatal rare inherited lipid storage disorder affecting 1:100,000 births. This illness is caused by mutations in the galc gene encoding for the enzyme galactosylceramidase (GALC). Dysfunction of GALC has been linked to the toxic build-up of the galactolipid, galactosylsphingosine (psychosine), which induces cell death of oligodendrocytes. Previous studies show that phospholipase A2 (PLA2) may play a role in psychosine induce cell death. Here, we demonstrate that non-selective inhibition of cPLA2/sPLA2 and selective inhibition of cPLA2, but not sPLA2, also attenuates psychosine-induced cell death of human astrocytes. This study shows that extracellular calcium is required for psychosine induced cell death, but intracellular calcium release, reactive oxygen species or release of soluble factors are not involved. These findings suggest a cell autonomous effect, at least in human astrocytes. Supporting a role for PLA2 in psychosine-induced cell death of oligodendrocytes and astrocytes, the results show inhibition of PLA2 attenuates psychosine-induced decrease in the expression of astrocyte marker vimentin as well as myelin basic protein (MBP), myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) and the neuronal marker SMI-32 in organotypic slice cultures. These findings provide further mechanistic details of psychosine-induced death of glia and suggest a role for PLA2 in the process. This work also supports the proposal that novel drugs for Krabbe disease may require testing on astrocytes as well as oligodendrocytes for more holistic prediction of pre-clinical and clinical efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cedric Misslin
- Drug Development, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Marie Albert
- Drug Development, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Kumlesh K. Dev
- Drug Development, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- * E-mail:
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Melo LL, Mendes MM, Alves LM, Isabel TF, Vieira SA, Gimenes SN, Soares AM, Rodrigues VM, Izidoro LF. Cross-reactivity and inhibition myotoxic effects induced by Bothrops snake venoms using specific polyclonal anti -BnSP7 antibodies. Biologicals 2017; 50:109-116. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Gupta P, Dash PK. Molecular details of secretory phospholipase A 2 from flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) provide insight into its structure and function. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11080. [PMID: 28894144 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-109699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) are low molecular weight proteins (12-18 kDa) involved in a suite of plant cellular processes imparting growth and development. With myriad roles in physiological and biochemical processes in plants, detailed analysis of sPLA2 in flax/linseed is meagre. The present work, first in flax, embodies cloning, expression, purification and molecular characterisation of two distinct sPLA2s (I and II) from flax. PLA2 activity of the cloned sPLA2s were biochemically assayed authenticating them as bona fide phospholipase A2. Physiochemical properties of both the sPLA2s revealed they are thermostable proteins requiring di-valent cations for optimum activity.While, structural analysis of both the proteins revealed deviations in the amino acid sequence at C- & N-terminal regions; hydropathic study revealed LusPLA2I as a hydrophobic protein and LusPLA2II as a hydrophilic protein. Structural analysis of flax sPLA2s revealed that secondary structure of both the proteins are dominated by α-helix followed by random coils. Modular superimposition of LusPLA2 isoforms with rice sPLA2 confirmed monomeric structural preservation among plant phospholipase A2 and provided insight into structure of folded flax sPLA2s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payal Gupta
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India.
- Department of Biotechnology, Kurukshetra University, Thanesar, 136119, India.
| | - Prasanta K Dash
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India.
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69
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Gupta P, Dash PK. Molecular details of secretory phospholipase A 2 from flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) provide insight into its structure and function. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11080. [PMID: 28894144 PMCID: PMC5593939 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10969-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) are low molecular weight proteins (12-18 kDa) involved in a suite of plant cellular processes imparting growth and development. With myriad roles in physiological and biochemical processes in plants, detailed analysis of sPLA2 in flax/linseed is meagre. The present work, first in flax, embodies cloning, expression, purification and molecular characterisation of two distinct sPLA2s (I and II) from flax. PLA2 activity of the cloned sPLA2s were biochemically assayed authenticating them as bona fide phospholipase A2. Physiochemical properties of both the sPLA2s revealed they are thermostable proteins requiring di-valent cations for optimum activity.While, structural analysis of both the proteins revealed deviations in the amino acid sequence at C- & N-terminal regions; hydropathic study revealed LusPLA2I as a hydrophobic protein and LusPLA2II as a hydrophilic protein. Structural analysis of flax sPLA2s revealed that secondary structure of both the proteins are dominated by α-helix followed by random coils. Modular superimposition of LusPLA2 isoforms with rice sPLA2 confirmed monomeric structural preservation among plant phospholipase A2 and provided insight into structure of folded flax sPLA2s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payal Gupta
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India.
- Department of Biotechnology, Kurukshetra University, Thanesar, 136119, India.
| | - Prasanta K Dash
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India.
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70
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Hou S, Xu T, Xu J, Qu L, Xu Y, Chen L, Liu J. Structural basis for functional selectivity and ligand recognition revealed by crystal structures of human secreted phospholipase A 2 group IIE. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10815. [PMID: 28883454 PMCID: PMC5589937 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11219-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Secreted phospholipases A2s (sPLA2s) are involved in various pathological conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis and cardiovascular disease. Many inhibitors were developed and studied in clinical trials, but none have reached the market yet. This failure may be attributed to the lack of subtype selectivity for these inhibitors. Therefore, more structural information for subtype sPLA2 is needed to guide the selective inhibitor development. In this study, the crystal structure of human sPLA2 Group IIE (hGIIE), coupled with mutagenesis experiments, proved that the flexible second calcium binding site and residue Asn21 in hGIIE are essential to its enzymatic activity. Five inhibitor bound hGIIE complex structures revealed the key residues (Asn21 and Gly6) of hGIIE that are responsible for interacting with inhibitors, and illustrated the difference in the inhibitor binding pocket with other sPLA2s. This will facilitate the structure-based design of sPLA2's selective inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shulin Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Tingting Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China.,School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Jinxin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Linbing Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Institute of Chemical Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Ling Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Jinsong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Institute of Chemical Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China.
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71
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Jia Y, Ermolinsky B, Garza A, Provenzano D. Phospholipase A2 in the venom of three cottonmouth snakes. Toxicon 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2017.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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72
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Fernandes CAH, Pazin WM, Dreyer TR, Bicev RN, Cavalcante WLG, Fortes-Dias CL, Ito AS, Oliveira CLP, Fernandez RM, Fontes MRM. Biophysical studies suggest a new structural arrangement of crotoxin and provide insights into its toxic mechanism. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43885. [PMID: 28256632 PMCID: PMC5335569 DOI: 10.1038/srep43885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Crotoxin (CTX) is the main neurotoxin found in Crotalus durissus rattlesnake venoms being composed by a nontoxic and non-enzymatic component (CA) and a toxic phospholipase A2 (CB). Previous crystallographic structures of CTX and CB provided relevant insights: (i) CTX structure showed a 1:1 molecular ratio between CA and CB, presenting three tryptophan residues in the CA/CB interface and one exposed to solvent; (ii) CB structure displayed a tetrameric conformation. This study aims to provide further information on the CTX mechanism of action by several biophysical methods. Our data show that isolated CB can in fact form tetramers in solution; however, these tetramers can be dissociated by CA titration. Furthermore, CTX exhibits a strong reduction in fluorescence intensity and lifetime compared with isolated CA and CB, suggesting that all tryptophan residues in CTX may be hidden by the CA/CB interface. By companying spectroscopy fluorescence and SAXS data, we obtained a new structural model for the CTX heterodimer in which all tryptophans are located in the interface, and the N-terminal region of CB is largely exposed to the solvent. Based on this model, we propose a toxic mechanism of action for CTX, involving the interaction of N-terminal region of CB with the target before CA dissociation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A. H. Fernandes
- Departamento de Física e Biofísica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Botucatu-SP, Brazil
| | - Wallance M. Pazin
- Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, USP, Ribeirão Preto-SP, Brazil
| | - Thiago R. Dreyer
- Departamento de Física e Biofísica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Botucatu-SP, Brazil
| | - Renata N. Bicev
- Departamento de Física Experimental, Instituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo – USP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Walter L. G. Cavalcante
- Departamento de Física e Biofísica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Botucatu-SP, Brazil
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Consuelo L. Fortes-Dias
- Diretoria de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento, Fundação Ezequiel Dias (FUNED), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Amando S. Ito
- Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, USP, Ribeirão Preto-SP, Brazil
| | - Cristiano L. P. Oliveira
- Departamento de Física Experimental, Instituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo – USP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Roberto Morato Fernandez
- Departamento de Física e Biofísica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Botucatu-SP, Brazil
| | - Marcos R. M. Fontes
- Departamento de Física e Biofísica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Botucatu-SP, Brazil
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73
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Resende L, Almeida J, Schezaro-Ramos R, Collaço R, Simioni L, Ramírez D, González W, Soares A, Calderon L, Marangoni S, da Silva S. Exploring and understanding the functional role, and biochemical and structural characteristics of an acidic phospholipase A2, AplTx-I, purified from Agkistrodon piscivorus leucostoma snake venom. Toxicon 2017; 127:22-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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74
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Crystal structure of a phospholipase A 2 from Bothrops asper venom: Insights into a new putative "myotoxic cluster". Biochimie 2016; 133:95-102. [PMID: 28034717 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2016.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Snake venoms from the Viperidae and Elapidae families often have several phospholipases A2 (PLA2s), which may display different functions despite having a similar structural scaffold. These proteins are considered an important target for the development of drugs against local myotoxic damage because they are not efficiently neutralized by conventional serum therapy. PLA2s from these venoms are generally divided into two classes: (i) catalytic PLA2s (or Asp49-PLA2s) and (ii) non-catalytic PLA2-like toxins (or Lys49-PLA2s). In many Viperidae venoms, a subset of the basic Asp49-PLA2s displays some functional and structural characteristics of PLA2-like proteins and group within the same phylogenetic clade, but their myotoxic mechanism is still largely unknown. In the present study, we have crystallized and solved the structure of myotoxin I (MT-I), a basic myotoxic Asp49-PLA2 isolated from Bothrops asper venom. The structure presents a dimeric conformation that is compatible with that of previous dimers found for basic myotoxic Asp49-PLA2s and Lys49-PLA2s and has been confirmed by other biophysical and bioinformatics techniques. This arrangement suggests a possible cooperative action between both monomers to exert myotoxicity via two different sites forming a putative membrane-docking site (MDoS) and a putative membrane disruption site (MDiS). This mechanism would resemble that proposed for Lys49-PLA2s, but the sites involved appear to be situated in a different region. Thus, as both sites are close to one another, they form a "myotoxic cluster", which is also found in two other basic myotoxic Asp49-PLA2s from Viperidae venoms. Such arrangement may represent a novel structural strategy for the mechanism of muscle damage exerted by the group of basic, Asp49-PLA2s found in viperid snake venoms.
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75
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O’Brien J, Lee SH, Onogi S, Shea KJ. Engineering the Protein Corona of a Synthetic Polymer Nanoparticle for Broad-Spectrum Sequestration and Neutralization of Venomous Biomacromolecules. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:16604-16607. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b10950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey O’Brien
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Shih-Hui Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Shunsuke Onogi
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Kenneth J. Shea
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
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76
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Melaré R, Floriano RS, Gracia M, Rodrigues-Simioni L, Cruz-Höfling MAD, Rocha T. Ultrastructural aspects of mouse nerve-muscle preparation exposed to Bothrops jararacussu and Bothrops bilineatus venoms and their toxins BthTX-I and Bbil-TX: Unknown myotoxic effects. Microsc Res Tech 2016; 79:1082-1089. [PMID: 27535875 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Bites by Bothrops snakes normally induce local pain, haemorrhage, oedema and myonecrosis. Mammalian isolated nerve-muscle preparations exposed to Bothrops venoms and their phospholipase A2 toxins (PLA2 ) can exhibit a neurotoxic pattern as increase in frequency of miniature end-plate potentials (MEPPs) as well as in amplitude of end-plate potentials (EPPs); neuromuscular facilitation followed by complete and irreversible blockade without morphological evidence for muscle damage. In this work, we analysed the ultrastructural damage induced by Bothrops jararacussu and Bothrops bilineatus venoms and their PLA2 toxins (BthTX-I and Bbil-TX) in mouse isolated nerve-phrenic diaphragm preparations (PND). Under transmission electron microscopy (TEM), PND preparations previously exposed to B. jararacussu and B. bilineatus venoms and BthTX-I and Bbil-TX toxins showed hypercontracted and loosed myofilaments; unorganized sarcomeres; clusters of edematous sarcoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria; abnormal chromatin distribution or apoptotic-like nuclei. The principal affected organelles, mitochondria and sarcoplasmic reticulum, were those related to calcium buffering and, resulting in sarcomeres and myofilaments hypercontraction. Schwann cells were also damaged showing edematous axons and mitochondria as well as myelin sheath alteration. These ultrastructural changes caused by both of Bothrops venoms and toxins indicate that the neuromuscular blockade induced by them in vitro can also be associated with nerve and muscle degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodolfo Melaré
- Multidisciplinary Research Laboratory, São Francisco University (USF), Av. São Francisco de Assis, 218, Zip Code 12916-900, Bragança Paulista, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafael Stuani Floriano
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126, Zip Code 13083-887, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Marta Gracia
- Multidisciplinary Research Laboratory, São Francisco University (USF), Av. São Francisco de Assis, 218, Zip Code 12916-900, Bragança Paulista, SP, Brazil
| | - Léa Rodrigues-Simioni
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126, Zip Code 13083-887, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Alice da Cruz-Höfling
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255, Zip Code 13083-862, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Thalita Rocha
- Multidisciplinary Research Laboratory, São Francisco University (USF), Av. São Francisco de Assis, 218, Zip Code 12916-900, Bragança Paulista, SP, Brazil. .,Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255, Zip Code 13083-862, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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77
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Madsen JJ, Fristrup P, Peters GH. Theoretical Assessment of Fluorinated Phospholipids in the Design of Liposomal Drug-Delivery Systems. J Phys Chem B 2016; 120:9661-71. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b07206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jesper J. Madsen
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Peter Fristrup
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Günther H. Peters
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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78
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Jablonická V, Mansfeld J, Heilmann I, Obložinský M, Heilmann M. Identification of a secretory phospholipase A2 from Papaver somniferum L. that transforms membrane phospholipids. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2016; 129:4-13. [PMID: 27473012 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2016.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/16/2016] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The full-length sequence of a new secretory phospholipase A2 was identified in opium poppy seedlings (Papaver somniferum L.). The cDNA of poppy phospholipase A2, denoted as pspla2, encodes a protein of 159 amino acids with a 31 amino acid long signal peptide at the N-terminus. PsPLA2 contains a PLA2 signature domain (PA2c), including the Ca(2+)-binding loop (YGKYCGxxxxGC) and the catalytic site motif (DACCxxHDxC) with the conserved catalytic histidine and the calcium-coordinating aspartate residues. The aspartate of the His/Asp dyad playing an important role in animal sPLA2 catalysis is substituted by a serine residue. Furthermore, the PsPLA2 sequence contains 12 conserved cysteine residues to form 6 structural disulfide bonds. The calculated molecular weight of the mature PsPLA2 is 14.0 kDa. Based on the primary structure PsPLA2 belongs to the XIB group of PLA2s. Untagged recombinant PsPLA2 obtained by expression in Escherichia coli, renaturation from inclusion bodies and purification by cation-exchange chromatography was characterized in vitro. The pH optimum for activity of PsPLA2 was found to be pH 7, when using mixed micelles of 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC) and Triton X-100. PsPLA2 specifically cleaves fatty acids from the sn-2 position of 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine and shows a pronounced preference for PC over phosphatidyl ethanolamine, -glycerol and -inositol. The active recombinant enzyme was tested in vitro against natural phospholipids isolated from poppy plants and preferably released the unsaturated fatty acids, linoleic acid and linolenic acid, from the naturally occurring mixture of substrate lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Jablonická
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Kalinčiakova 8, 832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Johanna Mansfeld
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str.3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Ingo Heilmann
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str.3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Marek Obložinský
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Kalinčiakova 8, 832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Mareike Heilmann
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str.3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
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79
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Almeida J, Lancellotti M, Soares A, Calderon L, Ramírez D, González W, Marangoni S, Da Silva S. CoaTx-II, a new dimeric Lys49 phospholipase A2 from Crotalus oreganus abyssus snake venom with bactericidal potential: Insights into its structure and biological roles. Toxicon 2016; 120:147-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2016.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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80
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Divergent functional profiles of acidic and basic phospholipases A2 in the venom of the snake Porthidium lansbergii lansbergii. Toxicon 2016; 119:289-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2016.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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81
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Mariani ME, Sánchez-Borzone ME, García DA. Effects of bioactive monoterpenic ketones on membrane organization. A langmuir film study. Chem Phys Lipids 2016; 198:39-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2016.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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82
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Haribabu J, Subhashree G, Saranya S, Gomathi K, Karvembu R, Gayathri D. Isatin based thiosemicarbazone derivatives as potential bioactive agents: Anti-oxidant and molecular docking studies. J Mol Struct 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2016.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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83
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Immobilization of Lipid Substrates: Application on Phospholipase A2 Determination. Lipids 2015; 50:1259-71. [PMID: 26449236 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-015-4076-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to assess a fluorimetric assay for the determination of total phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2)) activity in biological samples introducing the innovation of immobilized substrates on crosslinked polymeric membranes. The immobilized C(12)-NBD-PtdCho, a fluorescent analogue of phosphatidylcholine, exhibited excellent stability for 3 months at 4 °C and was not desorbed in the aqueous reaction mixture during analysis. The limit of detection was 0.5 pmol FA (0.2 pg) and the linear part of the response curve extended from 1 up to 190 nmol FA/h/mL sample. The intra- and inter-day relative standard deviations (%RSD), were ≤6 and ≤9 %, respectively. Statistical comparison with other fluorescent methods showed excellent correlation and agreement. Semiempirical calculations showed a fair amount of electrostatic interaction between the NBD-labeled substrate and the crosslinked polyvinyl alcohol with the styryl pyridinium residues (PVA-SbQ) material, from the plane of which, the sn-2 acyl chain of the phospholipid stands out and is accessible by PLA(2). Atomic Force Microscopy revealed morphological alterations of the immobilized substrate after the reaction with PLA(2). Mass spectrometry showed that only C(12)-NBD-FA, the PLA(2 )hydrolysis product, was detected in the reaction mixture, indicating that PLA(2) recognizes PVA-SbQ/C(12)-NBD-PtdCho as a surface to perform catalysis.
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84
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A constant area monolayer method to assess optimal lipid packing for lipolysis tested with several secreted phospholipase A2. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2015; 1848:2216-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2015.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Revised: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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85
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Suladze S, Cinar S, Sperlich B, Winter R. Pressure Modulation of the Enzymatic Activity of Phospholipase A2, A Putative Membrane-Associated Pressure Sensor. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:12588-96. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b07009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Saba Suladze
- Department of Chemistry and
Chemical Biology, Biophysical Chemistry, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Suleyman Cinar
- Department of Chemistry and
Chemical Biology, Biophysical Chemistry, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Benjamin Sperlich
- Department of Chemistry and
Chemical Biology, Biophysical Chemistry, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Roland Winter
- Department of Chemistry and
Chemical Biology, Biophysical Chemistry, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
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86
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Bourgeois EA, Subramaniam S, Cheng TY, De Jong A, Layre E, Ly D, Salimi M, Legaspi A, Modlin RL, Salio M, Cerundolo V, Moody DB, Ogg G. Bee venom processes human skin lipids for presentation by CD1a. J Exp Med 2015; 212:149-63. [PMID: 25584012 PMCID: PMC4322046 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20141505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Venoms frequently co-opt host immune responses, so study of their mode of action can provide insight into novel inflammatory pathways. Using bee and wasp venom responses as a model system, we investigated whether venoms contain CD1-presented antigens. Here, we show that venoms activate human T cells via CD1a proteins. Whereas CD1 proteins typically present lipids, chromatographic separation of venoms unexpectedly showed that stimulatory factors partition into protein-containing fractions. This finding was explained by demonstrating that bee venom-derived phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activates T cells through generation of small neoantigens, such as free fatty acids and lysophospholipids, from common phosphodiacylglycerides. Patient studies showed that injected PLA2 generates lysophospholipids within human skin in vivo, and polyclonal T cell responses are dependent on CD1a protein and PLA2. These findings support a previously unknown skin immune response based on T cell recognition of CD1a proteins and lipid neoantigen generated in vivo by phospholipases. The findings have implications for skin barrier sensing by T cells and mechanisms underlying phospholipase-dependent inflammatory skin disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvire A Bourgeois
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02114
| | - Sumithra Subramaniam
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine and University of Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, Oxfordshire OX3 9DS, England, UK MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine and University of Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, Oxfordshire OX3 9DS, England, UK
| | - Tan-Yun Cheng
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02114
| | - Annemieke De Jong
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02114
| | - Emilie Layre
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02114
| | - Dalam Ly
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02114
| | - Maryam Salimi
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine and University of Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, Oxfordshire OX3 9DS, England, UK MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine and University of Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, Oxfordshire OX3 9DS, England, UK
| | - Annaliza Legaspi
- Division of Dermatology, David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 Division of Dermatology, David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Robert L Modlin
- Division of Dermatology, David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 Division of Dermatology, David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Mariolina Salio
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine and University of Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, Oxfordshire OX3 9DS, England, UK MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine and University of Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, Oxfordshire OX3 9DS, England, UK
| | - Vincenzo Cerundolo
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine and University of Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, Oxfordshire OX3 9DS, England, UK MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine and University of Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, Oxfordshire OX3 9DS, England, UK
| | - D Branch Moody
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02114
| | - Graham Ogg
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine and University of Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, Oxfordshire OX3 9DS, England, UK MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine and University of Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, Oxfordshire OX3 9DS, England, UK
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87
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Mazzocchi-Jones D. Impaired corticostriatal LTP and depotentiation following iPLA2 inhibition is restored following acute application of DHA. Brain Res Bull 2015; 111:69-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2014.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Revised: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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88
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Xu W, Lucke AJ, Fairlie DP. Comparing sixteen scoring functions for predicting biological activities of ligands for protein targets. J Mol Graph Model 2015; 57:76-88. [PMID: 25682361 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2015.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Revised: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Accurately predicting relative binding affinities and biological potencies for ligands that interact with proteins remains a significant challenge for computational chemists. Most evaluations of docking and scoring algorithms have focused on enhancing ligand affinity for a protein by optimizing docking poses and enrichment factors during virtual screening. However, there is still relatively limited information on the accuracy of commercially available docking and scoring software programs for correctly predicting binding affinities and biological activities of structurally related inhibitors of different enzyme classes. Presented here is a comparative evaluation of eight molecular docking programs (Autodock Vina, Fitted, FlexX, Fred, Glide, GOLD, LibDock, MolDock) using sixteen docking and scoring functions to predict the rank-order activity of different ligand series for six pharmacologically important protein and enzyme targets (Factor Xa, Cdk2 kinase, Aurora A kinase, COX-2, pla2g2a, β Estrogen receptor). Use of Fitted gave an excellent correlation (Pearson 0.86, Spearman 0.91) between predicted and experimental binding only for Cdk2 kinase inhibitors. FlexX and GOLDScore produced good correlations (Pearson>0.6) for hydrophilic targets such as Factor Xa, Cdk2 kinase and Aurora A kinase. By contrast, pla2g2a and COX-2 emerged as difficult targets for scoring functions to predict ligand activities. Although possessing a high hydrophobicity in its binding site, β Estrogen receptor produced reasonable correlations using LibDock (Pearson 0.75, Spearman 0.68). These findings can assist medicinal chemists to better match scoring functions with ligand-target systems for hit-to-lead optimization using computer-aided drug design approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijun Xu
- Division of Chemistry and Structural Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Andrew J Lucke
- Division of Chemistry and Structural Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - David P Fairlie
- Division of Chemistry and Structural Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
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89
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Yoshida E. PH response behavior of giant vesicles comprised of amphiphilic poly(methacrylic acid)-block-poly(methyl methacrylate-random-mathacrylic acid). Colloid Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-014-3482-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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90
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Lu D, Zheng Y, Liao N, Wei L, Xu B, Liu X, Liu J. The structural basis of the Tle4–Tli4 complex reveals the self-protection mechanism of H2-T6SS inPseudomonas aeruginosa. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 70:3233-43. [DOI: 10.1107/s1399004714023967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The type VI secretion system (T6SS) has recently been demonstrated to mediate interbacterial competition and to discriminate between self and nonself. T6SS+bacteria employ toxic effectors to inhibit rival cells and concurrently use effector cognate immunity proteins to protect their sibling cells. The effector and immunity pairs (E–I pairs) endow the bacteria with a great advantage in niche competition. Tle4–Tli4 (PA1510–PA1509) is a newly identified E–I pair that is controlled by H2-T6SS inPseudomonas aeruginosa. Tle4 exhibits phospholipase activity, which destroys the cell membrane of rival cells, and the periplasm-located Tli4 in donor cells eliminates this toxic effect of Tle4. In this paper, the structure of the Tle4–Tli4 complex is reported at 1.75 Å resolution. Tle4 consists of two domains: a conserved α/β-hydrolase domain and an unusual cap domain in which two lid regions (lid1 and lid2) display a closed conformation that buries the catalytic triad in a deep funnel. Tli4 also displays a two-domain structure, in which a large lobe and a small lobe form a crab claw-like conformation. Tli4 uses this crab claw to grasp the cap domain of Tle4, especially the lid2 region, which prevents the interfacial activation of Tle4 and thus causes enzymatic dysfunction of Tle4 in sister cells.
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91
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Ghazaryan NA, Ghulikyan L, Kishmiryan A, Andreeva TV, Utkin YN, Tsetlin VI, Lomonte B, Ayvazyan NM. Phospholipases a2 from Viperidae snakes: Differences in membranotropic activity between enzymatically active toxin and its inactive isoforms. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2014; 1848:463-8. [PMID: 25450350 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2014.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2014] [Revised: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We describe the interaction of various phospholipases A2 (PLA2) from snake venoms of the family Viperidae (Macrovipera lebetina obtusa, Vipera ursinii renardi, Bothrops asper) with giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) composed of natural brain phospholipids mixture, visualized through fluorescence microscopy. The membrane fluorescent probes 8-anilino-1-naphthalenesulfonicacid (ANS), LAUDRAN and PRODAN were used to assess the state of the membrane and specifically mark the lipid packing and membrane fluidity. Our results have shown that the three PLA2s which contain either of aspartic acid, serine, or lysine residues at position 49 in the catalytic center, have different effects on the vesicles. The PLA2 with aspartic acid at this position causes the oval deformation of the vesicles, while serine and lysine-containing enzymes lead to an appreciable increase of fluorescence intensity in the vesicles membrane, wherein the shape and dimensions of GUVs have not changed, but in this case GUV aggregation occurs. LAURDAN and PRODAN detect the extent of water penetration into the bilayer surface. We calculated generalized polarization function (GP), showing that for all cases (D49 PLA2, S49 PLA2 and K49 PLA2) both LAUDRAN and PRODAN GP values decrease. A higher LAURDAN GP is indicative of low water penetration in the lipid bilayer in case of K49 PLA2 compared with D49 PLA2, whereas the PRODAN mainly gives information when lipid is in liquid crystalline phase.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lusine Ghulikyan
- Orbeli Institute of Physiology, Orbely str. 22, 0019 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Arsen Kishmiryan
- Orbeli Institute of Physiology, Orbely str. 22, 0019 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Tatyana V Andreeva
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, GSP-7, Ul. Miklukho-Maklaya, 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Yuri N Utkin
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, GSP-7, Ul. Miklukho-Maklaya, 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Victor I Tsetlin
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, GSP-7, Ul. Miklukho-Maklaya, 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Bruno Lomonte
- Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Universidad de Costa Rica, 11501 San José, Costa Rica
| | - Naira M Ayvazyan
- Orbeli Institute of Physiology, Orbely str. 22, 0019 Yerevan, Armenia.
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92
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Martin D, Moran-Valero MI, Casado V, Reglero G, Torres CF. Phosphatidyl derivative of hydroxytyrosol. In vitro intestinal digestion, bioaccessibility, and its effect on antioxidant activity. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:9751-9759. [PMID: 25255083 DOI: 10.1021/jf503477h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal digestion of phosphatidyl derivatives of HT (PHT) and its bioaccessibility under in vitro conditions was performed. First, an in vitro intestinal digestion model for phospholipids was developed. The impact of digestion in the antioxidant ability of PHT was also assayed. PHT was progressively hydrolyzed to lyso-PHT. However, digestion was slower than the phospholipid control. Nevertheless, most hydrolysis products were found at the micellar phase fraction, meaning a high bioaccessibility. Either PHT or digested PHT showed lower antioxidant activity than HT. However, PHT improved its antioxidant ability after digestion, likely related to lyso-PHT. As a summary, the synthetic phosphatidyl derivative of HT as PHT is recognized by phospholipases during simulation of intestinal digestion, although less efficiently than analogous phospholipids. Nevertheless, taking into account the bioaccessibility and the antioxidant activity of digested PHT, the potential of carriers of HT under the form of phospholipids might be of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Martin
- Departamento de Producción y Caracterización de Nuevos Alimentos, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL) (CSIC-UAM) , 28049 Madrid, Spain
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93
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Verlotta A, Trono D. Expression, purification and refolding of active durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) secretory phospholipase A2 from inclusion bodies of Escherichia coli. Protein Expr Purif 2014; 101:28-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2014.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2014] [Revised: 05/18/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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94
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Ye S, Tong Y, Ge A, Qiao L, Davies PB. Interfacial Structure of Soft Matter Probed by SFG Spectroscopy. CHEM REC 2014; 14:791-805. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201402039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shen Ye
- Catalysis Research Center; Hokkaido University; Sapporo 001-0021 Japan
| | - Yujin Tong
- Catalysis Research Center; Hokkaido University; Sapporo 001-0021 Japan
| | - Aimin Ge
- Catalysis Research Center; Hokkaido University; Sapporo 001-0021 Japan
| | - Lin Qiao
- Catalysis Research Center; Hokkaido University; Sapporo 001-0021 Japan
| | - Paul B. Davies
- Department of Chemistry; Cambridge University; Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
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95
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Garcia Denegri ME, Maruñak S, Todaro JS, Ponce-Soto LA, Acosta O, Leiva L. Neutralisation of the pharmacological activities of Bothrops alternatus venom by anti-PLA2 IgGs. Toxicon 2014; 86:89-95. [PMID: 24878372 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2014.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2013] [Revised: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Basic phospholipases A2 (PLA2) are toxic and induce a wide spectrum of pharmacological effects, although the acidic enzyme types are not lethal or cause low lethality. Therefore, it is challenging to elucidate the mechanism of action of acidic phospholipases. This study used the acidic non-toxic Ba SpII RP4 PLA2 from Bothrops alternatus as an antigen to develop anti-PLA2 IgG antibodies in rabbits and used in vivo assays to examine the changes in crude venom when pre-incubated with these antibodies. Using Ouchterlony and western blot analyses on B. alternatus venom, we examined the specificity and sensitivity of phospholipase A2 recognition by the specific antibodies (anti-PLA2 IgG). Neutralisation assays using a non-toxic PLA2 antigen revealed unexpected results. The (indirect) haemolytic activity of whole venom was completely inhibited, and all catalytically active phospholipases A2 were blocked. Myotoxicity and lethality were reduced when the crude venom was pre-incubated with anti-PLA2 immunoglobulins. CK levels in the skeletal muscle were significantly reduced at 6 h, and the muscular damage was more significant at this time-point compared to 3 and 12 h. When four times the LD50 was used (224 μg), half the animals treated with the venom-anti PLA2 IgG mixture survived after 48 h. All assays performed with the specific antibodies revealed that Ba SpII RP4 PLA2 had a synergistic effect on whole-venom toxicity. IgG antibodies against the venom of the Argentinean species B. alternatus represent a valuable tool for elucidation of the roles of acidic PLA2 that appear to have purely digestive roles and for further studies on immunotherapy and snake envenoming in affected areas in Argentina and Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- María E Garcia Denegri
- Laboratorio de Química de Proteinas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales y Agrimensura, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Argentina; Laboratorio de Farmacología y Toxicología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste (UNNE), Sargento Cabral 2139, CP 3400, Corrientes, Argentina.
| | - Silvana Maruñak
- Laboratorio de Farmacología y Toxicología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste (UNNE), Sargento Cabral 2139, CP 3400, Corrientes, Argentina
| | - Juan S Todaro
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste (UNNE), Corrientes, Argentina
| | - Luis A Ponce-Soto
- Laboratório de Química de Proteínas, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Biología, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Ofelia Acosta
- Laboratorio de Farmacología y Toxicología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste (UNNE), Sargento Cabral 2139, CP 3400, Corrientes, Argentina
| | - Laura Leiva
- Laboratorio de Química de Proteinas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales y Agrimensura, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Argentina
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96
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Recovery of an HMWP/hmwBP (pUL48/pUL47) complex from virions of human cytomegalovirus: subunit interactions, oligomer composition, and deubiquitylase activity. J Virol 2014; 88:8256-67. [PMID: 24829352 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00971-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED We report that the human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) high-molecular-weight tegument protein (HMWP, pUL48; 253 kDa) and the HMWP-binding protein (hmwBP, pUL47; 110 kDa) can be recovered as a complex from virions disrupted by treatment with 50 mM Tris (pH 7.5), 0.5 M NaCl, 0.5% NP-40, and 10 mM dithiothreitol [DTT]. The subunit ratio of the complex approximates 1:1, with a shape and structure consistent with an elongated heterodimer. The HMWP/hmwBP complex was corroborated by reciprocal coimmunoprecipitation experiments using antipeptide antibodies and lysates from both infected cells and disrupted virus particles. An interaction of the amino end of pUL48 (amino acids [aa] 322 to 754) with the carboxyl end of pUL47 (aa 693 to 982) was identified by fragment coimmunoprecipitation experiments, and a head-to-tail self-interaction of hmwBP was also observed. The deubiquitylating activity of pUL48 is retained in the isolated complex, which cleaves K11, K48, and K63 ubiquitin isopeptide linkages. IMPORTANCE Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV, or human herpesvirus 5 [HHV-5]) is a large DNA-containing virus that belongs to the betaherpesvirus subfamily and is a clinically important pathogen. Defining the constituent elements of its mature form, their organization within the particle, and the assembly process by which it is produced are fundamental to understanding the mechanisms of herpesvirus infection and developing drugs and vaccines against them. In this study, we report isolating a complex of two large proteins encoded by HCMV open reading frames (ORFs) UL47 and UL48 and identifying the binding domains responsible for their interaction with each other and of pUL47 with itself. Our calculations indicate that the complex is a rod-shaped heterodimer. Additionally, we determined that the ubiquitin-specific protease activity of the ORF UL48 protein was functional in the complex, cleaving K11-, K48-, and K63-linked ubiquitin dimers. This information builds on and extends our understanding of the HCMV tegument protein network that is required to interface the HCMV envelope and capsid.
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97
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Atanasov V, Stoykova S, Kolev H, Mitewa M, Petrova S, Pantcheva I. Effect of Some Divalent Metal Ions on Enzymatic Activity of Secreted Phospholipase A2(sPLA2) Isolated from BulgarianVipera Ammodytes Meridionalis. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2014. [DOI: 10.5504/bbeq.2013.0072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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98
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A Langmuir monolayer study of the action of phospholipase A2 on model phospholipid and mixed phospholipid-GM1 ganglioside membranes. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2014; 116:389-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2013.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Revised: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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99
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Perrakis A, Moolenaar WH. Autotaxin: structure-function and signaling. J Lipid Res 2014; 55:1010-8. [PMID: 24548887 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.r046391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Autotaxin (ATX), or ecto-nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase-2, is a secreted lysophospholipase D (lysoPLD) that hydrolyzes extracellular lysophospholipids into the lipid mediator lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), a ligand for specific G protein-coupled receptors. ATX-LPA signaling is essential for development and has been implicated in a great diversity of (patho)physiological processes, ranging from lymphocyte homing to tumor progression. Structural and functional studies have revealed what makes ATX a unique lysoPLD, and how secreted ATX binds to its target cells. The ATX catalytic domain shows a characteristic bimetallic active site followed by a shallow binding groove that can accommodate nucleotides as well as the glycerol moiety of lysophospholipids, and by a deep lipid-binding pocket. In addition, the catalytic domain has an open tunnel of unknown function adjacent to the active site. Here, we discuss our current understanding of ATX structure-function relationships and signaling mechanisms, and how ATX isoforms use distinct mechanisms to target LPA production to the plasma membrane, notably binding to integrins and heparan sulfate proteoglycans. We also briefly discuss the development of drug-like inhibitors of ATX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastassis Perrakis
- Divisions of Biochemistry, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter H Moolenaar
- Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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100
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Baconguis I, Bohlen CJ, Goehring A, Julius D, Gouaux E. X-ray structure of acid-sensing ion channel 1-snake toxin complex reveals open state of a Na(+)-selective channel. Cell 2014; 156:717-29. [PMID: 24507937 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2014.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2013] [Revised: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) detect extracellular protons produced during inflammation or ischemic injury and belong to the superfamily of degenerin/epithelial sodium channels. Here, we determine the cocrystal structure of chicken ASIC1a with MitTx, a pain-inducing toxin from the Texas coral snake, to define the structure of the open state of ASIC1a. In the MitTx-bound open state and in the previously determined low-pH desensitized state, TM2 is a discontinuous α helix in which the Gly-Ala-Ser selectivity filter adopts an extended, belt-like conformation, swapping the cytoplasmic one-third of TM2 with an adjacent subunit. Gly 443 residues of the selectivity filter provide a ring of three carbonyl oxygen atoms with a radius of ∼3.6 Å, presenting an energetic barrier for hydrated ions. The ASIC1a-MitTx complex illuminates the mechanism of MitTx action, defines the structure of the selectivity filter of voltage-independent, sodium-selective ion channels, and captures the open state of an ASIC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Baconguis
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Christopher J Bohlen
- Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - April Goehring
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - David Julius
- Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Eric Gouaux
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
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