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Lieu M, Traynham CJ, de Lucia C, Pfleger J, Piedepalumbo M, Roy R, Petovic J, Landesberg G, Forrester SJ, Hoffman M, Grisanti LA, Yuan A, Gao E, Drosatos K, Eguchi S, Scalia R, Tilley DG, Koch WJ. Loss of dynamic regulation of G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 by nitric oxide leads to cardiovascular dysfunction with aging. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2020; 318:H1162-H1175. [PMID: 32216616 PMCID: PMC7346533 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00094.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) and S-nitrosothiol (SNO) are considered cardio- and vasoprotective substances. We now understand that one mechanism in which NO/SNOs provide cardiovascular protection is through their direct inhibition of cardiac G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) kinase 2 (GRK2) activity via S-nitrosylation of GRK2 at cysteine 340 (C340). This maintains GPCR homeostasis, including β-adrenergic receptors, through curbing receptor GRK2-mediated desensitization. Previously, we have developed a knockin mouse (GRK2-C340S) where endogenous GRK2 is resistant to dynamic S-nitrosylation, which led to increased GRK2 desensitizing activity. This unchecked regulation of cardiac GRK2 activity resulted in significantly more myocardial damage after ischemic injury that was resistant to NO-mediated cardioprotection. Although young adult GRK2-C340S mice show no overt phenotype, we now report that as these mice age, they develop significant cardiovascular dysfunction due to the loss of SNO-mediated GRK2 regulation. This pathological phenotype is apparent as early as 12 mo of age and includes reduced cardiac function, increased cardiac perivascular fibrosis, and maladaptive cardiac hypertrophy, which are common maladies found in patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD). There are also vascular reactivity and aortic abnormalities present in these mice. Therefore, our data demonstrate that a chronic and global increase in GRK2 activity is sufficient to cause cardiovascular remodeling and dysfunction, likely due to GRK2’s desensitizing effects in several tissues. Because GRK2 levels have been reported to be elevated in elderly CVD patients, GRK2-C340 mice can give insight into the aged-molecular landscape leading to CVD. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Research on G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) in the setting of cardiovascular aging is largely unknown despite its strong established functions in cardiovascular physiology and pathophysiology. This study uses a mouse model of chronic GRK2 overactivity to further investigate the consequences of long-term GRK2 on cardiac function and structure. We report for the first time that chronic GRK2 overactivity was able to cause cardiac dysfunction and remodeling independent of surgical intervention, highlighting the importance of GRK activity in aged-related heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Lieu
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Christopher J Traynham
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Claudio de Lucia
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jessica Pfleger
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Michela Piedepalumbo
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Medical, Surgical, Neurological, Metabolic, and Aging Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," Naples, Italy
| | - Rajika Roy
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jennifer Petovic
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Gavin Landesberg
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Steven J Forrester
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Matthew Hoffman
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Laurel A Grisanti
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Ancai Yuan
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Erhe Gao
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Konstantinos Drosatos
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Satoru Eguchi
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Rosario Scalia
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Douglas G Tilley
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Walter J Koch
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Roles of the G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 and Rab5 in α 1B-adrenergic receptor function and internalization. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 867:172846. [PMID: 31811856 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Cells expressing eGFP-tagged Rab5 (wild-type or the GDP-Rab5 mutant) and the DsRed-tagged α1B-adrenergic receptors were employed and the roles of GRK2 were studied utilizing paroxetine and the dominant-negative mutant of GRK2 (DN-GRK2). The following parameters were studied: a) FRET (as an index of α1B-adrenergic receptor-Rab5 interaction): b) intracellular accumulation of DsRed fluorescence (receptor internalization); c) α1B-adrenergic receptor phosphorylation, and d) noradrenaline-induced increase in intracellular calcium concentration. Noradrenaline increased α1B-adrenergic receptor-Rab5 interaction, which was blocked by paroxetine and by expression of the dominant-negative GRK2 mutant. Similarly, paroxetine and expression of the DN-GRK2 or the GDP-Rab5 mutants markedly decreased receptor internalization, α1B-adrenergic receptor phosphorylation, and attenuated the ability of the adrenergic agonist to induce homologous desensitization (calcium signaling). The S406, 410,412A α1B-adrenergic receptor mutant did not reproduce the actions of GRK2 inhibition. The data indicate that GRK2 and Rab5 play key roles in α1B-adrenergic receptor phosphorylation, internalization, and desensitization. The possibility that Rab5 might form part of a signaling complex is suggested, as well as that GDP-Rab5 might interfere with the ability of GRK2 to catalyze α1B-adrenergic receptor phosphorylation.
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53
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Beyett TS, Chen Q, Labudde EJ, Krampen J, Sharma PV, Tesmer JJG. Characterization of a hyperphosphorylated variant of G protein-coupled receptor kinase 5 expressed in E. coli. Protein Expr Purif 2019; 168:105547. [PMID: 31786308 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2019.105547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest family of cell-surface receptors in humans and regulate numerous physiological processes through the activation of heterotrimeric G proteins. GPCR kinases (GRKs) selectively phosphorylate active GPCRs, which promotes arrestin binding, receptor internalization, and initiation of alternative signaling pathways. GRK5 is a representative member of one of three GRK subfamilies that does not need post-translational lipidation or other binding partners to exhibit full activity against GPCRs, rendering it a useful tool for biophysical studies directed at characterizing GRK function. However, recombinant expression of GRK5 has thus far been limited to insect and mammalian systems. Here, we describe the expression of functional GRK5 in E. coli and its purification and biochemical characterization. Bacterially expressed GRK5 is hyperphosphorylated, primarily in regions known to be flexible from prior crystal structures, which slightly decreases its catalytic activity toward receptor substrates. Mutation of a single phosphorylation site, Thr10, restores kinetic parameters to those of GRK5 purified from insect cells. Consequently, bacterial expression will allow for production of GRK5 at a reduced cost and faster pace and would facilitate production of isotopically labeled kinase for NMR studies or for the incorporation of unnatural amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler S Beyett
- Program in Chemical Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, USA
| | - Qiuyan Chen
- Departments of Biological Sciences and of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | | | - Joseph Krampen
- Departments of Biological Sciences and of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | | | - John J G Tesmer
- Departments of Biological Sciences and of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
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54
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Mohammed SG, Ibrahim IAH, Mahmoud MF, Mahmoud AA. Carvedilol protects against hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury in high-fructose/high-fat diet-fed mice: Role of G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 and 5. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2019; 382:114750. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2019.114750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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55
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Penela P, Inserte J, Ramos P, Rodriguez-Sinovas A, Garcia-Dorado D, Mayor F. Degradation of GRK2 and AKT is an early and detrimental event in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion. EBioMedicine 2019; 48:605-618. [PMID: 31594751 PMCID: PMC6838402 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identification of signaling pathways altered at early stages after cardiac ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) is crucial to develop timely therapies aimed at reducing I/R injury. The expression of G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2), a key signaling hub, is up-regulated in the long-term in patients and in experimental models of heart failure. However, whether GRK2 levels change at early time points following myocardial I/R and its functional impact during this period remain to be established. METHODS We have investigated the temporal changes of GRK2 expression and their potential relationships with the cardioprotective AKT pathway in isolated rat hearts and porcine preclinical models of I/R. FINDINGS Contrary to the maladaptive up-regulation of GRK2 reported at later times after myocardial infarction, successive GRK2 phosphorylation at specific sites during ischemia and early reperfusion elicits GRK2 degradation by the proteasome and calpains, respectively, thus keeping GRK2 levels low during early I/R in rat hearts. Concurrently, I/R promotes decay of the prolyl-isomerase Pin1, a positive regulator of AKT stability, and a marked loss of total AKT protein, resulting in an overall decreased activity of this pro-survival pathway. A similar pattern of concomitant down-modulation of GRK2/AKT/Pin1 protein levels in early I/R was observed in pig hearts. Calpain and proteasome inhibition prevents GRK2/Pin1/AKT degradation, restores bulk AKT pathway activity and attenuates myocardial I/R injury in isolated rat hearts. INTERPRETATION Preventing transient degradation of GRK2 and AKT during early I/R might improve the potential of endogenous cardioprotection mechanisms and of conditioning strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petronila Penela
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (UAM-CSIC), 28049 Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa, 28006 Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Inserte
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain; Cardiovascular Diseases Research Group, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital and Research Institute, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paula Ramos
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (UAM-CSIC), 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Rodriguez-Sinovas
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain; Cardiovascular Diseases Research Group, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital and Research Institute, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Garcia-Dorado
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain; Cardiovascular Diseases Research Group, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital and Research Institute, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Federico Mayor
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (UAM-CSIC), 28049 Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa, 28006 Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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56
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Pathania AS, Ren X, Mahdi MY, Shackleford GM, Erdreich-Epstein A. GRK2 promotes growth of medulloblastoma cells and protects them from chemotherapy-induced apoptosis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13902. [PMID: 31554835 PMCID: PMC6761358 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50157-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
G-protein coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2; ADRBK1, BARK1) is most known as a regulator of G-protein coupled receptors. However, GRK2 also has other functions. Medulloblastomas are the most common malignant brain cancers in children. GRK2 has not been implicated in medulloblastoma biology. Here we report that GRK2 knockdown slowed cell growth, diminished proliferation, and enhanced cisplatin- and etoposide-induced apoptosis in medulloblastoma cell lines UW228-2 and Daoy. Reciprocally, GRK2 overexpression attenuated apoptosis induced by these chemotherapy drugs. Cisplatin and etoposide increased phosphorylation of AKT (S473) and GRK2 knockdown mitigated this increase. Cisplatin and etoposide attenuated ERK phosphorylation, but GRK2 knockdown did not alter this effect. Wildtype GRK2 reversed the increase in cisplatin- and etoposide-induced apoptosis caused by GRK2 knockdown. GRK2-K220R (kinase dead) and GRK2-S670A (unphosphorylated, constitutively active) conferred protection from cisplatin that was similar to wildtype GRK2, suggesting that this protection may be mediated though a kinase-independent activity of GRK2. These data demonstrate that GRK2 contributes to proliferation and survival of these medulloblastoma cell lines and to their protection from cisplatin- and etoposide-induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anup S Pathania
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Blood and Marrow Transplantation, The Saban Research Institute at Children's Hospital Los Angeles and Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Xiuhai Ren
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Blood and Marrow Transplantation, The Saban Research Institute at Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Min Y Mahdi
- Department of Radiology, The Saban Research Institute at Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Gregory M Shackleford
- Department of Radiology, The Saban Research Institute at Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Anat Erdreich-Epstein
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Blood and Marrow Transplantation, The Saban Research Institute at Children's Hospital Los Angeles and Keck School of Medicine and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
- Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles and Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
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57
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Lagman J, Sayegh P, Lee CS, Sulon SM, Jacinto AZ, Sok V, Peng N, Alp D, Benovic JL, So CH. G protein-coupled receptor kinase 5 modifies cancer cell resistance to paclitaxel. Mol Cell Biochem 2019; 461:103-118. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-019-03594-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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58
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Pompeo-Fargnoli A, Fargnoli AS. Mental health treatment to assist in heart disease improved outcomes. J Health Psychol 2019; 26:1119-1125. [PMID: 31311333 DOI: 10.1177/1359105319864643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this commentary, we highlight key scientific advancements in the area of depression and heart disease dual diagnosis, to explore how new approaches can be integrated from a mental health counseling perspective. The incorporation of mental health counseling is suggested as an aid in the treatment of patients with a cardiac disease diagnosis. However, there is no structured awareness or training program for mental health counselors to associate depression with heart disease since this involves both a high level of interdisciplinary research and collaboration with existing healthcare providers. Alongside rampant calls for changes in our modern healthcare system, new holistic practices may emerge, placing mental health services at the forefront to assist in improving cardiac disease patient outcomes.
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Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are critical cellular sensors that mediate numerous physiological processes. In the heart, multiple GPCRs are expressed on various cell types, where they coordinate to regulate cardiac function by modulating critical processes such as contractility and blood flow. Under pathological settings, these receptors undergo aberrant changes in expression levels, localization and capacity to couple to downstream signalling pathways. Conventional therapies for heart failure work by targeting GPCRs, such as β-adrenergic receptor and angiotensin II receptor antagonists. Although these treatments have improved patient survival, heart failure remains one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. GPCR kinases (GRKs) are responsible for GPCR phosphorylation and, therefore, desensitization and downregulation of GPCRs. In this Review, we discuss the GPCR signalling pathways and the GRKs involved in the pathophysiology of heart disease. Given that increased expression and activity of GRK2 and GRK5 contribute to the loss of contractile reserve in the stressed and failing heart, inhibition of overactive GRKs has been proposed as a novel therapeutic approach to treat heart failure.
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60
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Nakai A, Fujimoto J, Miyata H, Stumm R, Narazaki M, Schulz S, Baba Y, Kumanogoh A, Suzuki K. The COMMD3/8 complex determines GRK6 specificity for chemoattractant receptors. J Exp Med 2019; 216:1630-1647. [PMID: 31088898 PMCID: PMC6605747 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20181494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Revised: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Nakai et al. show that the COMMD3/8 complex functions as an adaptor that selectively recruits GRK6 to chemoattractant receptors and promotes B cell migration and humoral immune responses. Lymphocyte migration is mediated by G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs) that respond to chemoattractive molecules. After their activation, GPCRs are phosphorylated by different GPCR kinases (GRKs), which produces distinct functional outcomes through β-arrestins. However, the molecular machinery that targets individual GRKs to activated GPCRs remains elusive. Here, we identified a protein complex consisting of copper metabolism MURR1 domain–containing (COMMD) 3 and COMMD8 (COMMD3/8 complex) as an adaptor that selectively recruits a specific GRK to chemoattractant receptors and promotes lymphocyte chemotaxis. COMMD8, whose stability depended on COMMD3, was recruited to multiple chemoattractant receptors. Deficiency of COMMD8 or COMMD3 impaired B cell migration and humoral immune responses. Using CXC-chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) as a model, we demonstrated that the COMMD3/8 complex selectively recruited GRK6 and induced GRK6-mediated phosphorylation of the receptor and activation of β-arrestin–mediated signaling. Thus, the COMMD3/8 complex is a specificity determinant of GRK targeting to GPCRs and represents a point of regulation for immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Nakai
- Laboratory of Immune Response Dynamics, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jun Fujimoto
- Laboratory of Immune Response Dynamics, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Miyata
- Department of Experimental Genome Research, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ralf Stumm
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Masashi Narazaki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Stefan Schulz
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Yoshihiro Baba
- Division of Immunology and Genome Biology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kumanogoh
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Suzuki
- Laboratory of Immune Response Dynamics, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan .,Department of Molecular Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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Bencivenga L, Liccardo D, Napolitano C, Visaggi L, Rengo G, Leosco D. β-Adrenergic Receptor Signaling and Heart Failure: From Bench to Bedside. Heart Fail Clin 2019; 15:409-419. [PMID: 31079699 DOI: 10.1016/j.hfc.2019.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite improvements in management and therapeutic approach in the last decades, heart failure is still associated with high mortality rates. The sustained enhancement in the sympathetic nervous system tone, observed in patients with heart failure, causes alteration in β-adrenergic receptor signaling and function. This latter phenomenon is the result of several heart failure-related molecular abnormalities involving adrenergic receptors, G-protein-coupled receptor kinases, and β-arrestins. This article summarizes novel encouraging preclinical strategies to reactivate β-adrenergic receptor signaling in heart failure, including pharmacologic and gene therapy approaches, and attempts to translate acquired notions into the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Bencivenga
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Division of Geriatrics, Federico II University, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Daniela Liccardo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Division of Geriatrics, Federico II University, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Carmen Napolitano
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Division of Geriatrics, Federico II University, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Lucia Visaggi
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Division of Geriatrics, Federico II University, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Rengo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Division of Geriatrics, Federico II University, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, Naples 80131, Italy; Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri SpA Società Benefit (ICS Maugeri SpA SB), Telese Terme, Italy
| | - Dario Leosco
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Division of Geriatrics, Federico II University, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, Naples 80131, Italy.
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Cipolletta E, Gambardella J, Fiordelisi A, Del Giudice C, Di Vaia E, Ciccarelli M, Sala M, Campiglia P, Coscioni E, Trimarco B, Sorriento D, Iaccarino G. Antidiabetic and Cardioprotective Effects of Pharmacological Inhibition of GRK2 in db/db Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20061492. [PMID: 30934608 PMCID: PMC6470575 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the availability of several therapies for the management of blood glucose in diabetic patients, most of the treatments do not show benefits on diabetic cardiomyopathy, while others even favor the progression of the disease. New pharmacological targets are needed that might help the management of diabetes and its cardiovascular complications at the same time. GRK2 appears a promising target, given its established role in insulin resistance and in systolic heart failure. Using a custom peptide inhibitor of GRK2, we assessed in vitro in L6 myoblasts the effects of GRK2 inhibition on glucose extraction and insulin signaling. Afterwards, we treated diabetic male mice (db/db) for 2 weeks. Glucose tolerance (IGTT) and insulin sensitivity (ITT) were ameliorated, as was skeletal muscle glucose uptake and insulin signaling. In the heart, at the same time, the GRK2 inhibitor ameliorated inflammatory and cytokine responses, reduced oxidative stress, and corrected patterns of fetal gene expression, typical of diabetic cardiomyopathy. GRK2 inhibition represents a promising therapeutic target for diabetes and its cardiovascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ersilia Cipolletta
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, "Federico II" University of Naples, 80131 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Jessica Gambardella
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, "Federico II" University of Naples, 80131 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Antonella Fiordelisi
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, "Federico II" University of Naples, 80131 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Carmine Del Giudice
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, "Federico II" University of Naples, 80131 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Eugenio Di Vaia
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, "Federico II" University of Naples, 80131 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Michele Ciccarelli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy.
| | - Marina Sala
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy.
| | - Pietro Campiglia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy.
| | - Enrico Coscioni
- AOU San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona, 84131 Salerno, Italy.
| | - Bruno Trimarco
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, "Federico II" University of Naples, 80131 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Daniela Sorriento
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, "Federico II" University of Naples, 80131 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Guido Iaccarino
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, "Federico II" University of Naples, 80131 Napoli, Italy.
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63
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Wang N, Liu C, Wang X, He T, Li L, Liang X, Wang L, Song L, Wei Y, Wu Q, Gong C. Hyaluronic Acid Oligosaccharides Improve Myocardial Function Reconstruction and Angiogenesis against Myocardial Infarction by Regulation of Macrophages. Theranostics 2019; 9:1980-1992. [PMID: 31037151 PMCID: PMC6485288 DOI: 10.7150/thno.31073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is identified as one of the major causes of mortality and disability worldwide. For severe myocardial infarction, even advanced forms of clinical intervention often lead to unsatisfactory therapeutic results. Thus, alternative strategies for MI treatment are still desirable. Previously studies reported the capacity of degradative fragment of h-HA (high molecular weight hyaluronic acid), hyaluronan oligosaccharides (<10 disaccharides units, o-HA), for wound healing by influence on angiogenesis, inspiring us to study its potential for myocardial functional recovery against MI. However, there are few reports about o-HA in MI therapy. Methods: In our study, we synthesized o-HA with 6~10 disaccharides (4-5 kDa) by enzymatic degradation and investigated its therapeutic effects on MI. Results: We found that o-HA could reduce infarct size and apoptosis in MI region, also promote myocardial angiogenesis and myocardial function reconstruction in MI mouse model. Furthermore, our results also indicated that o-HA in cardiac improved polarization of M2 type macrophage, removed the inflammatory response caused by neutrophil for accelerating myocardial function reconstruction in vivo. The transcriptomic analyses revealed that o-HA could activate expression of chemokines Ccl2 and Cxcl5 for promoting macrophage polarization and stimulate MAPK and JAK/STAT signaling pathway for compensatory response of myocardial function. Conclusion: Collectively, our results suggested o-HA with 6~10 disaccharides might be a potential agent for reconstruction of cardiac function against MI.
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Murga C, Arcones AC, Cruces-Sande M, Briones AM, Salaices M, Mayor F. G Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase 2 (GRK2) as a Potential Therapeutic Target in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:112. [PMID: 30837878 PMCID: PMC6390810 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) is a central signaling node involved in the modulation of many G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and also displaying regulatory functions in other cell signaling routes. GRK2 levels and activity have been reported to be enhanced in patients or in preclinical models of several relevant pathological situations, such as heart failure, cardiac hypertrophy, hypertension, obesity and insulin resistance conditions, or non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and to contribute to disease progression by a variety of mechanisms related to its multifunctional roles. Therefore, targeting GRK2 by different strategies emerges as a potentially relevant approach to treat cardiovascular disease, obesity, type 2 diabetes, or NAFLD, pathological conditions which are frequently interconnected and present as co-morbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Murga
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (UAM-CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alba C Arcones
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (UAM-CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Cruces-Sande
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (UAM-CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana M Briones
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Farmacología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercedes Salaices
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Farmacología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
| | - Federico Mayor
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (UAM-CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
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65
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Lieu M, Koch WJ. GRK2 and GRK5 as therapeutic targets and their role in maladaptive and pathological cardiac hypertrophy. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2019; 23:201-214. [PMID: 30701991 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2019.1575363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION One in every four deaths in the United States is attributed to cardiovascular disease, hence the development and employment of novel and effective therapeutics are necessary to improve the quality of life and survival of affected patient. Pathological hypertrophy is a maladaptive response by the heart to relieve wall stress that could result from cardiovascular disease. Maladaptive hypertrophy can lead to further disease progression and complications such as heart failure; hence, efforts to target hypertrophy to prevent and treat further morbidity and mortality are necessary. Areas covered: This review summarizes the compelling literature that describes the mechanistic role of GRK2 and GRK5 in maladaptive cardiac hypertrophy; it examines the approaches to inhibit these kinases in hypertrophic animal models and furthermore, it assesses the potential of GRK2 and GRK5 as therapeutic targets for hypertrophy. Expert opinion: GRK2 and GRK5 are novel therapeutic targets for pathological hypertrophy and may have added benefits of ameliorating morbidity and mortality. Despite the lesser researched role of GRK2 in cardiac hypertrophy, it may be the advantageous strategy for treating cardiac hypertrophy because of its role in other maladaptive pathways. Anti-GRK2 therapy optimization and the discovery and development of specific GRK2 and GRK5 small-molecule inhibitors is necessary for the eventual application of successful, effective therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Lieu
- a Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine , Temple University , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Walter J Koch
- a Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine , Temple University , Philadelphia , PA , USA
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66
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Huang L, Su J, Bu L, Tong J, Wang J, Yang Y, Wang Z, Wang H, Li H, Ma Y, Yu M, Fei J, Huang F. The pretreatment of chronic restraint stress exerts little impact on the progression of heart failure in mice. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2019; 51:204-215. [PMID: 30649153 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmy168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress is a potent risk factor for depression. Chronic stress can exacerbate and induce symptoms of depression. Clinical studies suggested that depressive patients are more likely to develop coronary artery diseases. However, the causal relationship between depression and heart failure progression remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to explore the relevance between stress and heart failure (HF) in a mouse model subjected to chronic restraint stress and left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) ligation. Mice were restrained for 3 h daily for 21 days and the processes were repeated once 3 months later. After the repeated chronic restraint stress, mice showed dramatically increased immobility time in the forced swim test, indicating a state of despair. Restrained and control mice were further subjected to LAD ligation surgery. Echocardiography was conducted 1 week, 2 weeks, and 1 month afterward. LAD-operated mice showed a significant decrease in the values of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), and there was no difference in the LVEF values between the restrained and control mice. Relevant gene expression, neurotransmitter system, glial activation, and morphology of the heart-brain axis were comprehensively evaluated. We found no overall differences between the restrained and control mice with HF. Our results revealed that the repeated chronic restraint stress may have little effects on the progression of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Huang
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing’an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology & Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Su
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing’an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology & Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liping Bu
- Department of Cardiology and Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiabin Tong
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing’an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology & Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinghui Wang
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing’an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology & Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yufang Yang
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing’an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology & Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zishan Wang
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing’an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology & Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haoyue Wang
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing’an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology & Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Heng Li
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing’an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology & Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ma
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing’an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology & Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mei Yu
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing’an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology & Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Fei
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Model Organisms, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Huang
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing’an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology & Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Yang X, Zhao Y, Jia X, Wang C, Wu Y, Zhang L, Chang Y, Wei W. CP-25 combined with MTX/ LEF ameliorates the progression of adjuvant-induced arthritis by the inhibition on GRK2 translocation. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 110:834-843. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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68
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Wolf S, Abd Alla J, Quitterer U. Sensitization of the Angiotensin II AT1 Receptor Contributes to RKIP-Induced Symptoms of Heart Failure. Front Med (Lausanne) 2019; 5:359. [PMID: 30687708 PMCID: PMC6333672 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2018.00359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of the G-protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) is an emerging treatment approach for heart failure. Therefore, cardio-protective mechanisms induced by GRK2 inhibition are under investigation. We compared two different GRK2 inhibitors, i.e., (i) the dual-specific GRK2 and raf kinase inhibitor protein, RKIP, and (ii) the dominant-negative GRK2-K220R mutant. We found that RKIP induced a strong sensitization of Gq/11-dependent, heart failure-promoting angiotensin II AT1 receptor signaling. The AT1-sensitizing function of RKIP was mediated by the RKIP-GRK2 interaction because the RKIP-S153V mutant, which does not interact with GRK2, had no effect on AT1-stimulated signaling. In contrast, GRK2-K220R significantly inhibited the AT1-stimulated signal. The in vivo relevance of these major differences between two different approaches of GRK2 inhibition was analyzed by generation of transgenic mice with myocardium-specific expression of RKIP and GRK2-K220R. Our results showed that a moderately increased cardiac protein level of RKIP was sufficient to induce major symptoms of heart failure in aged, 8-months-old RKIP-transgenic mice in two different genetic backgrounds. In contrast, GRK2-K220R protected against chronic pressure overload-induced cardiac dysfunction. The AT1 receptor contributed to RKIP-induced heart failure because treatment with the AT1 receptor antagonist, losartan, retarded symptoms of heart failure in RKIP-transgenic mice. Thus, sensitization of the heart failure-promoting AT1 receptor by the RKIP-GRK2 interaction contributes to heart failure whereas dominant-negative GRK2-K220R is cardioprotective. Because RKIP is up-regulated on cardiac biopsy specimens of heart failure patients, the deduced heart failure-promoting mechanism of RKIP could also be relevant for the human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Wolf
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Joshua Abd Alla
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ursula Quitterer
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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69
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Mangmool S, Parichatikanond W, Kurose H. Therapeutic Targets for Treatment of Heart Failure: Focus on GRKs and β-Arrestins Affecting βAR Signaling. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1336. [PMID: 30538631 PMCID: PMC6277550 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a heart disease that is classified into two main types: HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Both types of HF lead to significant risk of mortality and morbidity. Pharmacological treatment with β-adrenergic receptor (βAR) antagonists (also called β-blockers) has been shown to reduce the overall hospitalization and mortality rates and improve the clinical outcomes in HF patients with HFrEF but not HFpEF. Although, the survival rate of patients suffering from HF continues to drop, the management of HF still faces several limitations and discrepancies highlighting the need to develop new treatment strategies. Overstimulation of the sympathetic nervous system is an adaptive neurohormonal response to acute myocardial injury and heart damage, whereas prolonged exposure to catecholamines causes defects in βAR regulation, including a reduction in the amount of βARs and an increase in βAR desensitization due to the upregulation of G protein-coupled receptor kinases (GRKs) in the heart, contributing in turn to the progression of HF. Several studies show that myocardial GRK2 activity and expression are raised in the failing heart. Furthermore, β-arrestins play a pivotal role in βAR desensitization and, interestingly, can mediate their own signal transduction without any G protein-dependent pathway involved. In this review, we provide new insight into the role of GRKs and β-arrestins on how they affect βAR signaling regarding the molecular and cellular pathophysiology of HF. Additionally, we discuss the therapeutic potential of targeting GRKs and β-arrestins for the treatment of HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supachoke Mangmool
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Hitoshi Kurose
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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70
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Pfleger J, Gross P, Johnson J, Carter RL, Gao E, Tilley DG, Houser SR, Koch WJ. G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 contributes to impaired fatty acid metabolism in the failing heart. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2018; 123:108-117. [PMID: 30171848 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2018.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Increased G protein-coupled receptor kinase (GRK)2 is central to heart failure (HF) pathogenesis, via desensitization of β-adrenergic receptors and loss of contractile reserve. Since GRK2 has been shown to compromise fatty acid (FA) oxidation, this kinase may link metabolic and contractile defects in HF. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanistic role of GRK2 in FA metabolism and bioenergetics in the heart. For that purpose, we measured FA uptake and cluster of differentiation (CD)36 expression, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination in mice with cardiac-specific overexpression of GRK2 (TgGRK2) or expression of its c-terminus (GRK2 inhibitor- TgβARKct) or in global heterozygous GRK2 knockout (GRK2+/-) mice. Cellular bioenergetics were also measured in isolated cardiomyocytes following adenoviral delivery of exogenous GRK2, βARKct, or short hairpin GRK2 (shGRK2). Additionally, CD36 expression and phosphorylation were evaluated following transverse aortic constriction (TAC) in wild type (WT) and GRK2+/- mice. Our results show a 33% ± 0.81 reduction in FA uptake rate, accompanied by 51% ± 0.17 lower CD36 protein, and 70% ± 0.23 and 69% ± 0.18 increases in CD36 phosphorylation and ubiquitination, respectively, in the TgGRK2 mice. Moreover, an in vitro kinase assay suggests that GRK2 directly phosphorylates CD36. In isolated cardiomyocytes, GRK2 overexpression induced a 26% ± 2.21 decrease in maximal respiration, which was enhanced (20% ± 4.02-5.14) with inhibition of the kinase. Importantly, in hearts with systolic dysfunction, notable reductions in CD36 mRNA and protein, as well as a significant increase in CD36 phosphorylation were normalized in the GRK2+/- mice post-TAC. Thus, we propose that GRK2 up-regulation in HF is, at least partly, responsible for reduced FA uptake and oxidation and may be a nodal link between metabolic and contractile defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Pfleger
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Polina Gross
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Physiology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Jaslyn Johnson
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Physiology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Rhonda L Carter
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Erhe Gao
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Douglas G Tilley
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Steven R Houser
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Physiology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Walter J Koch
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.
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71
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Phosphoproteomic-based kinase profiling early in influenza virus infection identifies GRK2 as antiviral drug target. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3679. [PMID: 30206219 PMCID: PMC6133941 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06119-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Although annual influenza epidemics affect around 10% of the global population, current treatment options are limited and development of new antivirals is needed. Here, using quantitative phosphoproteomics, we reveal the unique phosphoproteome dynamics that occur in the host cell within minutes of influenza A virus (IAV) infection. We uncover cellular kinases required for the observed signaling pattern and find that inhibition of selected candidates, such as the G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2), leads to decreased IAV replication. As GRK2 has emerged as drug target in heart disease, we focus on its role in IAV infection and show that it is required for viral uncoating. Replication of seasonal and pandemic IAVs is severely decreased by specific GRK2 inhibitors in primary human airway cultures and in mice. Our study reveals the IAV-induced changes to the cellular phosphoproteome and identifies GRK2 as crucial node of the kinase network that enables IAV replication. Influenza A virus (IAV) causes annual epidemics and development of antivirals is needed. Here, the authors perform phosphoproteomics during IAV entry and identify GRK2 as drug target, inhibition of which decreases replication of seasonal and pandemic IAV in primary human cells and animal models.
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72
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Grisanti LA, Schumacher SM, Tilley DG, Koch WJ. Designer Approaches for G Protein-Coupled Receptor Modulation for Cardiovascular Disease. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2018; 3:550-562. [PMID: 30175279 PMCID: PMC6115700 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The new horizon for cardiac therapy may lie beneath the surface, with the downstream mediators of G protein–coupled receptor (GPCR) activity. Targeted approaches have shown that receptor activation may be biased toward signaling through G proteins or through GPCR kinases (GRKs) and β-arrestins, with divergent functional outcomes. In addition to these canonical roles, numerous noncanonical activities of GRKs and β-arrestins have been demonstrated to modulate GPCR signaling at all levels of receptor activation and regulation. Further, research continues to identify novel GRK/effector and β-arrestin/effector complexes with distinct impacts on cardiac function in the normal heart and the diseased heart. Coupled with the identification of once orphan receptors and endogenous ligands with beneficial cardiovascular effects, this expands the repertoire of GPCR targets. Together, this research highlights the potential for focused therapeutic activation of beneficial pathways, with simultaneous exclusion or inhibition of detrimental signaling, and represents a new wave of therapeutic development.
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Key Words
- AR, adrenergic receptor
- AT1R, angiotensin II type 1A receptor
- CRF, corticotropin-releasing factor
- EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor
- ERK1/2, extracellular signal-regulated kinase
- G protein–coupled receptor kinases
- G protein–coupled receptors
- GPCR, G protein–coupled receptor
- GRK, G protein–coupled receptor kinase
- HF, heart failure
- ICL, intracellular loop
- PI3K, phosphoinositide 3-kinase
- SERCA2a, sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase
- SII, [Sar(1), Ile (4), Ile(8)]-angiotensin II
- biased ligands
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurel A Grisanti
- Center for Translational Medicine and Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Sarah M Schumacher
- Center for Translational Medicine and Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Douglas G Tilley
- Center for Translational Medicine and Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Walter J Koch
- Center for Translational Medicine and Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Abstract
Heart failure (HF) has become increasingly common within the elderly population, decreasing their survival and overall quality of life. In fact, despite the improvements in treatment, many elderly people suffer from cardiac dysfunction (HF, valvular diseases, arrhythmias or hypertension-induced cardiac hypertrophy) that are much more common in an older fragile heart. Since β-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) signaling is abnormal in failing as well as aged hearts, this pathway is an effective diagnostic and therapeutic target. Both HF and aging are characterized by activation/hyperactivity of various neurohormonal pathways, the most important of which is the sympathetic nervous system (SNS). SNS hyperactivity is initially a compensatory mechanism to stimulate contractility and maintain cardiac output. Unfortunately, this chronic stimulation becomes detrimental and causes decreased cardiac function as well as reduced inotropic reserve due to a decrease in cardiac β-ARs responsiveness. Therapies which (e.g., β-blockers and physical activity) restore β-ARs responsiveness can ameliorate cardiac performance and outcomes during HF, particularly in older patients. In this review, we will discuss physiological β-adrenergic signaling and its alterations in both HF and aging as well as the potential clinical application of targeting β-adrenergic signaling in these disease processes.
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74
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de Lucia C, Eguchi A, Koch WJ. New Insights in Cardiac β-Adrenergic Signaling During Heart Failure and Aging. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:904. [PMID: 30147654 PMCID: PMC6095970 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) has become increasingly common within the elderly population, decreasing their survival and overall quality of life. In fact, despite the improvements in treatment, many elderly people suffer from cardiac dysfunction (HF, valvular diseases, arrhythmias or hypertension-induced cardiac hypertrophy) that are much more common in an older fragile heart. Since β-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) signaling is abnormal in failing as well as aged hearts, this pathway is an effective diagnostic and therapeutic target. Both HF and aging are characterized by activation/hyperactivity of various neurohormonal pathways, the most important of which is the sympathetic nervous system (SNS). SNS hyperactivity is initially a compensatory mechanism to stimulate contractility and maintain cardiac output. Unfortunately, this chronic stimulation becomes detrimental and causes decreased cardiac function as well as reduced inotropic reserve due to a decrease in cardiac β-ARs responsiveness. Therapies which (e.g., β-blockers and physical activity) restore β-ARs responsiveness can ameliorate cardiac performance and outcomes during HF, particularly in older patients. In this review, we will discuss physiological β-adrenergic signaling and its alterations in both HF and aging as well as the potential clinical application of targeting β-adrenergic signaling in these disease processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Walter J. Koch
- Department of Pharmacology – Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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75
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Klenke S, Engler A, Ecker D, Ochsenfarth C, Danowski N, Peters J, Siffert W, Frey UH. The GRK2
Promoter Is Regulated by Early-Growth Response Transcription Factor EGR-1. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2018; 123:660-669. [DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Klenke
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine; University of Duisburg-Essen and Essen University Hospital; Essen Germany
| | - Andrea Engler
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine; University of Duisburg-Essen and Essen University Hospital; Essen Germany
| | - Daniel Ecker
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine; University of Duisburg-Essen and Essen University Hospital; Essen Germany
| | - Crista Ochsenfarth
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine; University of Duisburg-Essen and Essen University Hospital; Essen Germany
- Department of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care, Pain and Palliative Medicine; Marien Hospital Herne; Ruhr-University Bochum; Bochum Germany
| | - Nina Danowski
- Institute of Pharmacogenetics; University of Duisburg-Essen and Essen University Hospital; Essen Germany
| | - Jürgen Peters
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine; University of Duisburg-Essen and Essen University Hospital; Essen Germany
| | - Winfried Siffert
- Institute of Pharmacogenetics; University of Duisburg-Essen and Essen University Hospital; Essen Germany
| | - Ulrich H. Frey
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine; University of Duisburg-Essen and Essen University Hospital; Essen Germany
- Department of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care, Pain and Palliative Medicine; Marien Hospital Herne; Ruhr-University Bochum; Bochum Germany
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Rainbow RD, Brennan S, Jackson R, Beech AJ, Bengreed A, Waldschmidt HV, Tesmer JJG, Challiss RAJ, Willets JM. Small-Molecule G Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase Inhibitors Attenuate G Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase 2-Mediated Desensitization of Vasoconstrictor-Induced Arterial Contractions. Mol Pharmacol 2018; 94:1079-1091. [PMID: 29980659 DOI: 10.1124/mol.118.112524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Vasoconstrictor-driven G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR)/phospholipase C (PLC) signaling increases intracellular Ca2+ concentration to mediate arterial contraction. To counteract vasoconstrictor-induced contraction, GPCR/PLC signaling can be desensitized by G protein-coupled receptor kinases (GRKs), with GRK2 playing a predominant role in isolated arterial smooth muscle cells. In this study, we use an array of GRK2 inhibitors to assess their effects on the desensitization of UTP and angiotensin II (AngII)-mediated arterial contractions. The effects of GRK2 inhibitors on the desensitization of UTP- or AngII-stimulated mesenteric third-order arterial contractions, and PLC activity in isolated mesenteric smooth muscle cells (MSMC), were determined using wire myography and Ca2+ imaging, respectively. Applying a stimulation protocol to cause receptor desensitization resulted in reductions in UTP- and AngII-stimulated arterial contractions. Preincubation with the GRK2 inhibitor paroxetine almost completely prevented desensitization of UTP- and attenuated desensitization of AngII-stimulated arterial contractions. In contrast, fluoxetine was ineffective. Preincubation with alternative GRK2 inhibitors (Takeda compound 101 or CCG224063) also attenuated the desensitization of UTP-mediated arterial contractile responses. In isolated MSMC, paroxetine, Takeda compound 101, and CCG224063 also attenuated the desensitization of UTP- and AngII-stimulated increases in Ca2+, whereas fluoxetine did not. In human uterine smooth muscle cells, paroxetine reversed GRK2-mediated histamine H1 receptor desensitization, but not GRK6-mediated oxytocin receptor desensitization. Utilizing various small-molecule GRK2 inhibitors, we confirm that GRK2 plays a central role in regulating vasoconstrictor-mediated arterial tone, highlighting a potentially novel strategy for blood pressure regulation through targeting GRK2 function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard D Rainbow
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom (A.B., R.A.J.C., J.M.W.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Clinical Sciences Wing, Glenfield General Hospital, Leicester, United Kingdom (R.D.R., S.B., R.J., A.J.B.); Life Sciences Institute and Departments of Pharmacology, Biological Sciences, and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (H.V.W., J.J.G.T.); and Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (J.J.G.T.)
| | - Sean Brennan
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom (A.B., R.A.J.C., J.M.W.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Clinical Sciences Wing, Glenfield General Hospital, Leicester, United Kingdom (R.D.R., S.B., R.J., A.J.B.); Life Sciences Institute and Departments of Pharmacology, Biological Sciences, and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (H.V.W., J.J.G.T.); and Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (J.J.G.T.)
| | - Robert Jackson
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom (A.B., R.A.J.C., J.M.W.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Clinical Sciences Wing, Glenfield General Hospital, Leicester, United Kingdom (R.D.R., S.B., R.J., A.J.B.); Life Sciences Institute and Departments of Pharmacology, Biological Sciences, and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (H.V.W., J.J.G.T.); and Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (J.J.G.T.)
| | - Alison J Beech
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom (A.B., R.A.J.C., J.M.W.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Clinical Sciences Wing, Glenfield General Hospital, Leicester, United Kingdom (R.D.R., S.B., R.J., A.J.B.); Life Sciences Institute and Departments of Pharmacology, Biological Sciences, and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (H.V.W., J.J.G.T.); and Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (J.J.G.T.)
| | - Amal Bengreed
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom (A.B., R.A.J.C., J.M.W.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Clinical Sciences Wing, Glenfield General Hospital, Leicester, United Kingdom (R.D.R., S.B., R.J., A.J.B.); Life Sciences Institute and Departments of Pharmacology, Biological Sciences, and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (H.V.W., J.J.G.T.); and Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (J.J.G.T.)
| | - Helen V Waldschmidt
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom (A.B., R.A.J.C., J.M.W.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Clinical Sciences Wing, Glenfield General Hospital, Leicester, United Kingdom (R.D.R., S.B., R.J., A.J.B.); Life Sciences Institute and Departments of Pharmacology, Biological Sciences, and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (H.V.W., J.J.G.T.); and Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (J.J.G.T.)
| | - John J G Tesmer
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom (A.B., R.A.J.C., J.M.W.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Clinical Sciences Wing, Glenfield General Hospital, Leicester, United Kingdom (R.D.R., S.B., R.J., A.J.B.); Life Sciences Institute and Departments of Pharmacology, Biological Sciences, and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (H.V.W., J.J.G.T.); and Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (J.J.G.T.)
| | - R A John Challiss
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom (A.B., R.A.J.C., J.M.W.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Clinical Sciences Wing, Glenfield General Hospital, Leicester, United Kingdom (R.D.R., S.B., R.J., A.J.B.); Life Sciences Institute and Departments of Pharmacology, Biological Sciences, and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (H.V.W., J.J.G.T.); and Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (J.J.G.T.)
| | - Jonathon M Willets
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom (A.B., R.A.J.C., J.M.W.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Clinical Sciences Wing, Glenfield General Hospital, Leicester, United Kingdom (R.D.R., S.B., R.J., A.J.B.); Life Sciences Institute and Departments of Pharmacology, Biological Sciences, and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (H.V.W., J.J.G.T.); and Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (J.J.G.T.)
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Abstract
G protein-coupled receptor kinases (GRKs) are classically known for their role in regulating the activity of the largest known class of membrane receptors, which influence diverse biological processes in every cell type in the human body. As researchers have tried to uncover how this family of kinases, containing only 7 members, achieves selective and coordinated control of receptors, they have uncovered a growing number of noncanonical activities for these kinases. These activities include phosphorylation of nonreceptor targets and kinase-independent molecular interactions. In particular, GRK2, GRK3, and GRK5 are the predominant members expressed in the heart. Their canonical and noncanonical actions within cardiac and other tissues have significant implications for cardiovascular function in healthy animals and for the development and progression of disease. This review summarizes what is currently known regarding the activity of these kinases, and particularly the role of GRK2 and GRK5 in the molecular alterations that occur during heart failure. This review further highlights areas of GRK regulation that remain poorly understood and how they may represent novel targets for therapeutic development.
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Paroxetine and Low-dose Risperidone Induce Serotonin 5-HT1A and Dopamine D2 Receptor Heteromerization in the Mouse Prefrontal Cortex. Neuroscience 2018; 377:184-196. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Shih YC, Chen CL, Zhang Y, Mellor RL, Kanter EM, Fang Y, Wang HC, Hung CT, Nong JY, Chen HJ, Lee TH, Tseng YS, Chen CN, Wu CC, Lin SL, Yamada KA, Nerbonne JM, Yang KC. Endoplasmic Reticulum Protein TXNDC5 Augments Myocardial Fibrosis by Facilitating Extracellular Matrix Protein Folding and Redox-Sensitive Cardiac Fibroblast Activation. Circ Res 2018. [PMID: 29535165 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.117.312130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Cardiac fibrosis plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of heart failure. Excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) resulting from cardiac fibrosis impairs cardiac contractile function and increases arrhythmogenicity. Current treatment options for cardiac fibrosis, however, are limited, and there is a clear need to identify novel mediators of cardiac fibrosis to facilitate the development of better therapeutics. Exploiting coexpression gene network analysis on RNA sequencing data from failing human heart, we identified TXNDC5 (thioredoxin domain containing 5), a cardiac fibroblast (CF)-enriched endoplasmic reticulum protein, as a potential novel mediator of cardiac fibrosis, and we completed experiments to test this hypothesis directly. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to determine the functional role of TXNDC5 in the pathogenesis of cardiac fibrosis. METHODS AND RESULTS RNA sequencing and Western blot analyses revealed that TXNDC5 mRNA and protein were highly upregulated in failing human left ventricles and in hypertrophied/failing mouse left ventricle. In addition, cardiac TXNDC5 mRNA expression levels were positively correlated with those of transcripts encoding transforming growth factor β1 and ECM proteins in vivo. TXNDC5 mRNA and protein were increased in human CF (hCF) under transforming growth factor β1 stimulation in vitro. Knockdown of TXNDC5 attenuated transforming growth factor β1-induced hCF activation and ECM protein upregulation independent of SMAD3 (SMAD family member 3), whereas increasing expression of TXNDC5 triggered hCF activation and proliferation and increased ECM protein production. Further experiments showed that TXNDC5, a protein disulfide isomerase, facilitated ECM protein folding and that depletion of TXNDC5 led to ECM protein misfolding and degradation in CF. In addition, TXNDC5 promotes hCF activation and proliferation by enhancing c-Jun N-terminal kinase activity via increased reactive oxygen species, derived from NAD(P)H oxidase 4. Transforming growth factor β1-induced TXNDC5 upregulation in hCF was dependent on endoplasmic reticulum stress and activating transcription factor 6-mediated transcriptional control. Targeted disruption of Txndc5 in mice (Txndc5-/-) revealed protective effects against isoproterenol-induced cardiac hypertrophy, reduced fibrosis (by ≈70%), and markedly improved left ventricle function; post-isoproterenol left ventricular ejection fraction was 59.1±1.5 versus 40.1±2.5 (P<0.001) in Txndc5-/- versus wild-type mice, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The endoplasmic reticulum protein TXNDC5 promotes cardiac fibrosis by facilitating ECM protein folding and CF activation via redox-sensitive c-Jun N-terminal kinase signaling. Loss of TXNDC5 protects against β agonist-induced cardiac fibrosis and contractile dysfunction. Targeting TXNDC5, therefore, could be a powerful new therapeutic approach to mitigate excessive cardiac fibrosis, thereby improving cardiac function and outcomes in patients with heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Chun Shih
- From the Department and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology (Y.-C.S., C.-L.C., H.-C.W., C.-T.H., J.-Y.N., H.-J.C., T.-H.L., Y.-S.T., K.-C.Y.), Department and Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Bioethics (C.-C.W.), and Department and Graduate Institute of Physiology (S.-L.L.), National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei; Department of Developmental Biology (J.M.N.) and Center for Cardiovascular Research, Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine (Y.Z., R.L.M., E.M.K., K.A.Y., J.M.N.), Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, IL (Y.F.); Department of Surgery (C.-N.C.), Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine (S.-L.L.), and Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine (C.-C.W., K.-C.Y.), National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei
| | - Chao-Ling Chen
- From the Department and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology (Y.-C.S., C.-L.C., H.-C.W., C.-T.H., J.-Y.N., H.-J.C., T.-H.L., Y.-S.T., K.-C.Y.), Department and Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Bioethics (C.-C.W.), and Department and Graduate Institute of Physiology (S.-L.L.), National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei; Department of Developmental Biology (J.M.N.) and Center for Cardiovascular Research, Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine (Y.Z., R.L.M., E.M.K., K.A.Y., J.M.N.), Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, IL (Y.F.); Department of Surgery (C.-N.C.), Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine (S.-L.L.), and Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine (C.-C.W., K.-C.Y.), National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei
| | - Yan Zhang
- From the Department and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology (Y.-C.S., C.-L.C., H.-C.W., C.-T.H., J.-Y.N., H.-J.C., T.-H.L., Y.-S.T., K.-C.Y.), Department and Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Bioethics (C.-C.W.), and Department and Graduate Institute of Physiology (S.-L.L.), National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei; Department of Developmental Biology (J.M.N.) and Center for Cardiovascular Research, Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine (Y.Z., R.L.M., E.M.K., K.A.Y., J.M.N.), Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, IL (Y.F.); Department of Surgery (C.-N.C.), Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine (S.-L.L.), and Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine (C.-C.W., K.-C.Y.), National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei
| | - Rebecca L Mellor
- From the Department and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology (Y.-C.S., C.-L.C., H.-C.W., C.-T.H., J.-Y.N., H.-J.C., T.-H.L., Y.-S.T., K.-C.Y.), Department and Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Bioethics (C.-C.W.), and Department and Graduate Institute of Physiology (S.-L.L.), National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei; Department of Developmental Biology (J.M.N.) and Center for Cardiovascular Research, Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine (Y.Z., R.L.M., E.M.K., K.A.Y., J.M.N.), Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, IL (Y.F.); Department of Surgery (C.-N.C.), Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine (S.-L.L.), and Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine (C.-C.W., K.-C.Y.), National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei
| | - Evelyn M Kanter
- From the Department and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology (Y.-C.S., C.-L.C., H.-C.W., C.-T.H., J.-Y.N., H.-J.C., T.-H.L., Y.-S.T., K.-C.Y.), Department and Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Bioethics (C.-C.W.), and Department and Graduate Institute of Physiology (S.-L.L.), National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei; Department of Developmental Biology (J.M.N.) and Center for Cardiovascular Research, Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine (Y.Z., R.L.M., E.M.K., K.A.Y., J.M.N.), Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, IL (Y.F.); Department of Surgery (C.-N.C.), Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine (S.-L.L.), and Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine (C.-C.W., K.-C.Y.), National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei
| | - Yun Fang
- From the Department and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology (Y.-C.S., C.-L.C., H.-C.W., C.-T.H., J.-Y.N., H.-J.C., T.-H.L., Y.-S.T., K.-C.Y.), Department and Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Bioethics (C.-C.W.), and Department and Graduate Institute of Physiology (S.-L.L.), National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei; Department of Developmental Biology (J.M.N.) and Center for Cardiovascular Research, Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine (Y.Z., R.L.M., E.M.K., K.A.Y., J.M.N.), Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, IL (Y.F.); Department of Surgery (C.-N.C.), Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine (S.-L.L.), and Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine (C.-C.W., K.-C.Y.), National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei
| | - Hua-Chi Wang
- From the Department and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology (Y.-C.S., C.-L.C., H.-C.W., C.-T.H., J.-Y.N., H.-J.C., T.-H.L., Y.-S.T., K.-C.Y.), Department and Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Bioethics (C.-C.W.), and Department and Graduate Institute of Physiology (S.-L.L.), National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei; Department of Developmental Biology (J.M.N.) and Center for Cardiovascular Research, Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine (Y.Z., R.L.M., E.M.K., K.A.Y., J.M.N.), Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, IL (Y.F.); Department of Surgery (C.-N.C.), Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine (S.-L.L.), and Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine (C.-C.W., K.-C.Y.), National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei
| | - Chen-Ting Hung
- From the Department and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology (Y.-C.S., C.-L.C., H.-C.W., C.-T.H., J.-Y.N., H.-J.C., T.-H.L., Y.-S.T., K.-C.Y.), Department and Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Bioethics (C.-C.W.), and Department and Graduate Institute of Physiology (S.-L.L.), National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei; Department of Developmental Biology (J.M.N.) and Center for Cardiovascular Research, Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine (Y.Z., R.L.M., E.M.K., K.A.Y., J.M.N.), Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, IL (Y.F.); Department of Surgery (C.-N.C.), Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine (S.-L.L.), and Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine (C.-C.W., K.-C.Y.), National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei
| | - Jing-Yi Nong
- From the Department and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology (Y.-C.S., C.-L.C., H.-C.W., C.-T.H., J.-Y.N., H.-J.C., T.-H.L., Y.-S.T., K.-C.Y.), Department and Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Bioethics (C.-C.W.), and Department and Graduate Institute of Physiology (S.-L.L.), National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei; Department of Developmental Biology (J.M.N.) and Center for Cardiovascular Research, Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine (Y.Z., R.L.M., E.M.K., K.A.Y., J.M.N.), Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, IL (Y.F.); Department of Surgery (C.-N.C.), Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine (S.-L.L.), and Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine (C.-C.W., K.-C.Y.), National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei
| | - Hui-Ju Chen
- From the Department and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology (Y.-C.S., C.-L.C., H.-C.W., C.-T.H., J.-Y.N., H.-J.C., T.-H.L., Y.-S.T., K.-C.Y.), Department and Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Bioethics (C.-C.W.), and Department and Graduate Institute of Physiology (S.-L.L.), National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei; Department of Developmental Biology (J.M.N.) and Center for Cardiovascular Research, Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine (Y.Z., R.L.M., E.M.K., K.A.Y., J.M.N.), Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, IL (Y.F.); Department of Surgery (C.-N.C.), Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine (S.-L.L.), and Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine (C.-C.W., K.-C.Y.), National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei
| | - Tzu-Han Lee
- From the Department and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology (Y.-C.S., C.-L.C., H.-C.W., C.-T.H., J.-Y.N., H.-J.C., T.-H.L., Y.-S.T., K.-C.Y.), Department and Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Bioethics (C.-C.W.), and Department and Graduate Institute of Physiology (S.-L.L.), National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei; Department of Developmental Biology (J.M.N.) and Center for Cardiovascular Research, Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine (Y.Z., R.L.M., E.M.K., K.A.Y., J.M.N.), Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, IL (Y.F.); Department of Surgery (C.-N.C.), Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine (S.-L.L.), and Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine (C.-C.W., K.-C.Y.), National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei
| | - Yi-Shuan Tseng
- From the Department and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology (Y.-C.S., C.-L.C., H.-C.W., C.-T.H., J.-Y.N., H.-J.C., T.-H.L., Y.-S.T., K.-C.Y.), Department and Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Bioethics (C.-C.W.), and Department and Graduate Institute of Physiology (S.-L.L.), National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei; Department of Developmental Biology (J.M.N.) and Center for Cardiovascular Research, Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine (Y.Z., R.L.M., E.M.K., K.A.Y., J.M.N.), Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, IL (Y.F.); Department of Surgery (C.-N.C.), Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine (S.-L.L.), and Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine (C.-C.W., K.-C.Y.), National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei
| | - Chiung-Nien Chen
- From the Department and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology (Y.-C.S., C.-L.C., H.-C.W., C.-T.H., J.-Y.N., H.-J.C., T.-H.L., Y.-S.T., K.-C.Y.), Department and Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Bioethics (C.-C.W.), and Department and Graduate Institute of Physiology (S.-L.L.), National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei; Department of Developmental Biology (J.M.N.) and Center for Cardiovascular Research, Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine (Y.Z., R.L.M., E.M.K., K.A.Y., J.M.N.), Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, IL (Y.F.); Department of Surgery (C.-N.C.), Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine (S.-L.L.), and Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine (C.-C.W., K.-C.Y.), National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei
| | - Chau-Chung Wu
- From the Department and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology (Y.-C.S., C.-L.C., H.-C.W., C.-T.H., J.-Y.N., H.-J.C., T.-H.L., Y.-S.T., K.-C.Y.), Department and Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Bioethics (C.-C.W.), and Department and Graduate Institute of Physiology (S.-L.L.), National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei; Department of Developmental Biology (J.M.N.) and Center for Cardiovascular Research, Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine (Y.Z., R.L.M., E.M.K., K.A.Y., J.M.N.), Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, IL (Y.F.); Department of Surgery (C.-N.C.), Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine (S.-L.L.), and Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine (C.-C.W., K.-C.Y.), National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei
| | - Shuei-Liong Lin
- From the Department and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology (Y.-C.S., C.-L.C., H.-C.W., C.-T.H., J.-Y.N., H.-J.C., T.-H.L., Y.-S.T., K.-C.Y.), Department and Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Bioethics (C.-C.W.), and Department and Graduate Institute of Physiology (S.-L.L.), National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei; Department of Developmental Biology (J.M.N.) and Center for Cardiovascular Research, Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine (Y.Z., R.L.M., E.M.K., K.A.Y., J.M.N.), Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, IL (Y.F.); Department of Surgery (C.-N.C.), Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine (S.-L.L.), and Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine (C.-C.W., K.-C.Y.), National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei
| | - Kathryn A Yamada
- From the Department and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology (Y.-C.S., C.-L.C., H.-C.W., C.-T.H., J.-Y.N., H.-J.C., T.-H.L., Y.-S.T., K.-C.Y.), Department and Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Bioethics (C.-C.W.), and Department and Graduate Institute of Physiology (S.-L.L.), National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei; Department of Developmental Biology (J.M.N.) and Center for Cardiovascular Research, Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine (Y.Z., R.L.M., E.M.K., K.A.Y., J.M.N.), Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, IL (Y.F.); Department of Surgery (C.-N.C.), Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine (S.-L.L.), and Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine (C.-C.W., K.-C.Y.), National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei
| | - Jeanne M Nerbonne
- From the Department and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology (Y.-C.S., C.-L.C., H.-C.W., C.-T.H., J.-Y.N., H.-J.C., T.-H.L., Y.-S.T., K.-C.Y.), Department and Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Bioethics (C.-C.W.), and Department and Graduate Institute of Physiology (S.-L.L.), National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei; Department of Developmental Biology (J.M.N.) and Center for Cardiovascular Research, Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine (Y.Z., R.L.M., E.M.K., K.A.Y., J.M.N.), Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, IL (Y.F.); Department of Surgery (C.-N.C.), Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine (S.-L.L.), and Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine (C.-C.W., K.-C.Y.), National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei
| | - Kai-Chien Yang
- From the Department and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology (Y.-C.S., C.-L.C., H.-C.W., C.-T.H., J.-Y.N., H.-J.C., T.-H.L., Y.-S.T., K.-C.Y.), Department and Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Bioethics (C.-C.W.), and Department and Graduate Institute of Physiology (S.-L.L.), National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei; Department of Developmental Biology (J.M.N.) and Center for Cardiovascular Research, Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine (Y.Z., R.L.M., E.M.K., K.A.Y., J.M.N.), Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, IL (Y.F.); Department of Surgery (C.-N.C.), Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine (S.-L.L.), and Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine (C.-C.W., K.-C.Y.), National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei.
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G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) as an integrative signalling node in the regulation of cardiovascular function and metabolic homeostasis. Cell Signal 2018; 41:25-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Pompeo-Fargnoli A. Intersections of counseling, psychiatry, cardiology, and pharmacology to assist in depression and cardiac function. HEART AND MIND 2018. [DOI: 10.4103/hm.hm_9_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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82
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Cannavo A, Komici K, Bencivenga L, D'amico ML, Gambino G, Liccardo D, Ferrara N, Rengo G. GRK2 as a therapeutic target for heart failure. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2017; 22:75-83. [PMID: 29166798 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2018.1406925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) kinase-2 (GRK2) is a regulator of GPCRs, in particular β-adrenergic receptors (ARs), and as demonstrated by decades of investigation, it has a pivotal role in the development and progression of cardiovascular disease, like heart failure (HF). Indeed elevated levels and activity of this kinase are able to promote the dysfunction of both cardiac and adrenal α- and β-ARs and to dysregulate other protective signaling pathway, such as sphingosine 1-phospate and insulin. Moreover, recent discoveries suggest that GRK2 can signal independently from GPCRs, in a 'non-canonical' manner, via interaction with non-GPCR molecule or via its mitochondrial localization. Areas covered: Based on this premise, GRK2 inhibition or its genetic deletion has been tested in several disparate animal models of cardiovascular disease, showing to protect the heart from adverse remodeling and dysfunction. Expert opinion: HF is one of the leading cause of death worldwide with enormous health care costs. For this reason, the identification of new therapeutic targets like GRK2 and strategies such as its inhibition represents a new hope in the fight against HF development and progression. Herein, we will update the readers about the 'state-of-art' of GRK2 inhibition as a potent therapeutic strategy in HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Cannavo
- a Center for Translational Medicine , Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine , Philadelphia , PA , USA.,b Dpt Translational Medical Sciences , Federico II University of Naples , Naples , Italy
| | - Klara Komici
- b Dpt Translational Medical Sciences , Federico II University of Naples , Naples , Italy
| | - Leonardo Bencivenga
- b Dpt Translational Medical Sciences , Federico II University of Naples , Naples , Italy
| | - Maria Loreta D'amico
- c Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri SpA Società Benefit , Telese Terme Institute , Benevento , Italy
| | - Giuseppina Gambino
- c Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri SpA Società Benefit , Telese Terme Institute , Benevento , Italy
| | - Daniela Liccardo
- b Dpt Translational Medical Sciences , Federico II University of Naples , Naples , Italy
| | - Nicola Ferrara
- b Dpt Translational Medical Sciences , Federico II University of Naples , Naples , Italy.,c Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri SpA Società Benefit , Telese Terme Institute , Benevento , Italy
| | - Giuseppe Rengo
- b Dpt Translational Medical Sciences , Federico II University of Naples , Naples , Italy.,c Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri SpA Società Benefit , Telese Terme Institute , Benevento , Italy
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83
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Bouley R, Waldschmidt HV, Cato MC, Cannavo A, Song J, Cheung JY, Yao XQ, Koch WJ, Larsen SD, Tesmer JJG. Structural Determinants Influencing the Potency and Selectivity of Indazole-Paroxetine Hybrid G Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase 2 Inhibitors. Mol Pharmacol 2017; 92:707-717. [PMID: 29070696 DOI: 10.1124/mol.117.110130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptor kinases (GRKs) phosphorylate activated receptors to promote arrestin binding, decoupling from heterotrimeric G proteins, and internalization. GRK2 and GRK5 are overexpressed in the failing heart and thus have become therapeutic targets. Previously, we discovered two classes of GRK2-selective inhibitors, one stemming from GSK180736A, a Rho-associated coiled-coil containing kinase 1 (ROCK1) inhibitor, the other from paroxetine, a selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitor. These two classes of compounds bind to the GRK2 active site in a similar configuration but contain different hinge-binding "warheads": indazole and benzodioxole, respectively. We surmised from our prior studies that an indazole would be the stronger hinge binder and would impart increased potency when substituted for benzodioxole in paroxetine derivatives. To test this hypothesis, we synthesized a series of hybrid compounds that allowed us to compare the effects of inhibitors that differ only in the identity of the warhead. The indazole-paroxetine analogs were indeed more potent than their respective benzodioxole derivatives but lost selectivity. To investigate how these two warheads dictate selectivity, we determined the crystal structures of three of the indazole hybrid compounds (CCG224061, CCG257284, and CCG258748) in complex with GRK2-Gβγ Comparison of these structures with those of analogous benzodioxole-containing complexes confirmed that the indazole-paroxetine hybrids form stronger interactions with the hinge of the kinase but also stabilize a distinct conformation of the kinase domain of GRK2 compared with previous complexes with paroxetine analogs. This conformation is analogous to one that can be assumed by GRK5, at least partially explaining the loss in selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renee Bouley
- Life Sciences Institute (R.B., H.V.W., M.C.C., J.J.G.T.), Departments of Medicinal Chemistry (H.V.W., S.D.L., J.J.G.T.), Pharmacology (R.B., J.J.G.T.), Biological Chemistry (M.C.C., J.J.G.T.), and Vahlteich Medicinal Chemistry Core, College of Pharmacy (H.V.W., S.D.L.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia (X.-Q.Y.); Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (A.C., J.S., J.Y.C, W.J.K.); and Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette Indiana (J.J.G.T.)
| | - Helen V Waldschmidt
- Life Sciences Institute (R.B., H.V.W., M.C.C., J.J.G.T.), Departments of Medicinal Chemistry (H.V.W., S.D.L., J.J.G.T.), Pharmacology (R.B., J.J.G.T.), Biological Chemistry (M.C.C., J.J.G.T.), and Vahlteich Medicinal Chemistry Core, College of Pharmacy (H.V.W., S.D.L.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia (X.-Q.Y.); Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (A.C., J.S., J.Y.C, W.J.K.); and Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette Indiana (J.J.G.T.)
| | - M Claire Cato
- Life Sciences Institute (R.B., H.V.W., M.C.C., J.J.G.T.), Departments of Medicinal Chemistry (H.V.W., S.D.L., J.J.G.T.), Pharmacology (R.B., J.J.G.T.), Biological Chemistry (M.C.C., J.J.G.T.), and Vahlteich Medicinal Chemistry Core, College of Pharmacy (H.V.W., S.D.L.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia (X.-Q.Y.); Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (A.C., J.S., J.Y.C, W.J.K.); and Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette Indiana (J.J.G.T.)
| | - Alessandro Cannavo
- Life Sciences Institute (R.B., H.V.W., M.C.C., J.J.G.T.), Departments of Medicinal Chemistry (H.V.W., S.D.L., J.J.G.T.), Pharmacology (R.B., J.J.G.T.), Biological Chemistry (M.C.C., J.J.G.T.), and Vahlteich Medicinal Chemistry Core, College of Pharmacy (H.V.W., S.D.L.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia (X.-Q.Y.); Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (A.C., J.S., J.Y.C, W.J.K.); and Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette Indiana (J.J.G.T.)
| | - Jianliang Song
- Life Sciences Institute (R.B., H.V.W., M.C.C., J.J.G.T.), Departments of Medicinal Chemistry (H.V.W., S.D.L., J.J.G.T.), Pharmacology (R.B., J.J.G.T.), Biological Chemistry (M.C.C., J.J.G.T.), and Vahlteich Medicinal Chemistry Core, College of Pharmacy (H.V.W., S.D.L.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia (X.-Q.Y.); Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (A.C., J.S., J.Y.C, W.J.K.); and Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette Indiana (J.J.G.T.)
| | - Joseph Y Cheung
- Life Sciences Institute (R.B., H.V.W., M.C.C., J.J.G.T.), Departments of Medicinal Chemistry (H.V.W., S.D.L., J.J.G.T.), Pharmacology (R.B., J.J.G.T.), Biological Chemistry (M.C.C., J.J.G.T.), and Vahlteich Medicinal Chemistry Core, College of Pharmacy (H.V.W., S.D.L.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia (X.-Q.Y.); Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (A.C., J.S., J.Y.C, W.J.K.); and Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette Indiana (J.J.G.T.)
| | - Xin-Qiu Yao
- Life Sciences Institute (R.B., H.V.W., M.C.C., J.J.G.T.), Departments of Medicinal Chemistry (H.V.W., S.D.L., J.J.G.T.), Pharmacology (R.B., J.J.G.T.), Biological Chemistry (M.C.C., J.J.G.T.), and Vahlteich Medicinal Chemistry Core, College of Pharmacy (H.V.W., S.D.L.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia (X.-Q.Y.); Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (A.C., J.S., J.Y.C, W.J.K.); and Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette Indiana (J.J.G.T.)
| | - Walter J Koch
- Life Sciences Institute (R.B., H.V.W., M.C.C., J.J.G.T.), Departments of Medicinal Chemistry (H.V.W., S.D.L., J.J.G.T.), Pharmacology (R.B., J.J.G.T.), Biological Chemistry (M.C.C., J.J.G.T.), and Vahlteich Medicinal Chemistry Core, College of Pharmacy (H.V.W., S.D.L.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia (X.-Q.Y.); Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (A.C., J.S., J.Y.C, W.J.K.); and Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette Indiana (J.J.G.T.)
| | - Scott D Larsen
- Life Sciences Institute (R.B., H.V.W., M.C.C., J.J.G.T.), Departments of Medicinal Chemistry (H.V.W., S.D.L., J.J.G.T.), Pharmacology (R.B., J.J.G.T.), Biological Chemistry (M.C.C., J.J.G.T.), and Vahlteich Medicinal Chemistry Core, College of Pharmacy (H.V.W., S.D.L.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia (X.-Q.Y.); Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (A.C., J.S., J.Y.C, W.J.K.); and Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette Indiana (J.J.G.T.)
| | - John J G Tesmer
- Life Sciences Institute (R.B., H.V.W., M.C.C., J.J.G.T.), Departments of Medicinal Chemistry (H.V.W., S.D.L., J.J.G.T.), Pharmacology (R.B., J.J.G.T.), Biological Chemistry (M.C.C., J.J.G.T.), and Vahlteich Medicinal Chemistry Core, College of Pharmacy (H.V.W., S.D.L.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia (X.-Q.Y.); Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (A.C., J.S., J.Y.C, W.J.K.); and Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette Indiana (J.J.G.T.)
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84
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Ma LL, Kong FJ, Ge JB. Letter by Ma et al Regarding Article, "Depression Treatment and 1-Year Mortality After Acute Myocardial Infarction: Insights From the TRIUMPH Registry (Translational Research Investigating Underlying Disparities in Acute Myocardial Infarction Patients' Health Status)". Circulation 2017; 136:1353-1354. [PMID: 28972065 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.117.029256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei-Lei Ma
- From Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, China (L.-L.M., J.-B.G.); Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital and People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, China (L.-L.M.); and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, China (F.-J.K.)
| | - Fei-Juan Kong
- From Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, China (L.-L.M., J.-B.G.); Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital and People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, China (L.-L.M.); and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, China (F.-J.K.)
| | - Jun-Bo Ge
- From Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, China (L.-L.M., J.-B.G.); Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital and People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, China (L.-L.M.); and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, China (F.-J.K.)
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85
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Jean-Charles PY, Yu SMW, Abraham D, Kommaddi RP, Mao L, Strachan RT, Zhang ZS, Bowles DE, Brian L, Stiber JA, Jones SN, Koch WJ, Rockman HA, Shenoy SK. Mdm2 regulates cardiac contractility by inhibiting GRK2-mediated desensitization of β-adrenergic receptor signaling. JCI Insight 2017; 2:95998. [PMID: 28878120 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.95998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The oncoprotein Mdm2 is a RING domain-containing E3 ubiquitin ligase that ubiquitinates G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) and β-arrestin2, thereby regulating β-adrenergic receptor (βAR) signaling and endocytosis. Previous studies showed that cardiac Mdm2 expression is critical for controlling p53-dependent apoptosis during early embryonic development, but the role of Mdm2 in the developed adult heart is unknown. We aimed to identify if Mdm2 affects βAR signaling and cardiac function in adult mice. Using Mdm2/p53-KO mice, which survive for 9-12 months, we identified a critical and potentially novel role for Mdm2 in the adult mouse heart through its regulation of cardiac β1AR signaling. While baseline cardiac function was mostly similar in both Mdm2/p53-KO and wild-type (WT) mice, isoproterenol-induced cardiac contractility in Mdm2/p53-KO was significantly blunted compared with WT mice. Isoproterenol increased cAMP in left ventricles of WT but not of Mdm2/p53-KO mice. Additionally, while basal and forskolin-induced calcium handling in isolated Mdm2/p53-KO and WT cardiomyocytes were equivalent, isoproterenol-induced calcium handling in Mdm2/p53-KO was impaired. Mdm2/p53-KO hearts expressed 2-fold more GRK2 than WT. GRK2 polyubiquitination via lysine-48 linkages was significantly reduced in Mdm2/p53-KO hearts. Tamoxifen-inducible cardiomyocyte-specific deletion of Mdm2 in adult mice also led to a significant increase in GRK2, and resulted in severely impaired cardiac function, high mortality, and no detectable βAR responsiveness. Gene delivery of either Mdm2 or GRK2-CT in vivo using adeno-associated virus 9 (AAV9) effectively rescued β1AR-induced cardiac contractility in Mdm2/p53-KO. These findings reveal a critical p53-independent physiological role of Mdm2 in adult hearts, namely, regulation of GRK2-mediated desensitization of βAR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Lan Mao
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, and
| | | | | | - Dawn E Bowles
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Leigh Brian
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, and
| | | | - Stephen N Jones
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Walter J Koch
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Howard A Rockman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, and.,Department of Cell Biology, and.,Department of Molecular Genetics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sudha K Shenoy
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, and.,Department of Cell Biology, and
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86
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Travers JG, Kamal FA, Valiente-Alandi I, Nieman ML, Sargent MA, Lorenz JN, Molkentin JD, Blaxall BC. Pharmacological and Activated Fibroblast Targeting of Gβγ-GRK2 After Myocardial Ischemia Attenuates Heart Failure Progression. J Am Coll Cardiol 2017; 70:958-971. [PMID: 28818206 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2017.06.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac fibroblasts are a critical cell population responsible for myocardial extracellular matrix homeostasis. Upon injury or pathological stimulation, these cells transform to an activated myofibroblast state and play a fundamental role in myocardial fibrosis and remodeling. Chronic sympathetic overstimulation, a hallmark of heart failure (HF), induces pathological signaling through G protein βγ (Gβγ) subunits and their interaction with G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2). OBJECTIVES This study investigated the hypothesis that Gβγ-GRK2 inhibition and/or ablation after myocardial injury would attenuate pathological myofibroblast activation and cardiac remodeling. METHODS The therapeutic potential of small molecule Gβγ-GRK2 inhibition, alone or in combination with activated fibroblast- or myocyte-specific GRK2 ablation-each initiated after myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury-was investigated to evaluate the possible salutary effects on post-I/R fibroblast activation, pathological remodeling, and cardiac dysfunction. RESULTS Small molecule Gβγ-GRK2 inhibition initiated 1 week post-injury was cardioprotective in the I/R model of chronic HF, including preservation of cardiac contractility and a reduction in cardiac fibrotic remodeling. Systemic small molecule Gβγ-GRK2 inhibition initiated 1 week post-I/R in cardiomyocyte-restricted GRK2 ablated mice (also post-I/R) still demonstrated significant cardioprotection, which suggested a potential protective role beyond the cardiomyocyte. Inducible ablation of GRK2 in activated fibroblasts (i.e., myofibroblasts) post-I/R injury demonstrated significant functional cardioprotection with reduced myofibroblast transformation and fibrosis. Systemic small molecule Gβγ-GRK2 inhibition initiated 1 week post-I/R provided little to no further protection in mice with ablation of GRK2 in activated fibroblasts alone. Finally, Gβγ-GRK2 inhibition significantly attenuated activation characteristics of failing human cardiac fibroblasts isolated from end-stage HF patients. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggested consideration of a paradigm shift in the understanding of the therapeutic role of Gβγ-GRK2 inhibition in treating HF and the potential therapeutic role for Gβγ-GRK2 inhibition in limiting pathological myofibroblast activation, interstitial fibrosis, and HF progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua G Travers
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Fadia A Kamal
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; The Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Orthopedics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Iñigo Valiente-Alandi
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Michelle L Nieman
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Michelle A Sargent
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - John N Lorenz
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Jeffery D Molkentin
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland
| | - Burns C Blaxall
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio.
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87
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Impact of paroxetine on proximal β-adrenergic receptor signaling. Cell Signal 2017; 38:127-133. [PMID: 28711716 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2017.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
β-adrenergic receptors (βAR) regulate numerous functions throughout the body, however G protein-coupled receptor kinase (GRK)-dependent desensitization of βAR has long been recognized as a maladaptive process in the progression of various disease states. Thus, the development of small molecule inhibitors of GRKs for the study of these processes and as potential therapeutics has been at the forefront of recent research efforts. Via structural and biochemical analyses, the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) paroxetine was identified as a GRK2 inhibitor that enhances βAR-dependent cardiomyocyte and cardiac contractility and reverses cardiac dysfunction and myocardial βAR expression in mouse models of heart failure. Despite these functional outcomes, consistent with diminished βAR desensitization, the proximal βAR signaling mechanisms sensitive to paroxetine have not been reported. In this study, we aimed to determine whether paroxetine prevents classic βAR desensitization-related signaling mechanisms at a molecular level. Therefore, via immunoblotting, radioligand binding, fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) and microscopy assays, we have performed an assessment of the effect of paroxetine on proximal βAR signaling responses. Indeed, paroxetine treatment inhibited ligand-induced β2AR phosphorylation in a concentration-dependent manner. Additionally, for both β1AR and β2AR, paroxetine decreased ligand-induced βarrestin2 recruitment and subsequent receptor internalization. Thus, paroxetine inhibits βAR desensitization mechanisms consistent with GRK2 inhibition and provides a useful pharmacological tool for studying these proximal GPCR signaling responses.
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88
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Fu Q, Wang Q, Xiang YK. Insulin and β Adrenergic Receptor Signaling: Crosstalk in Heart. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2017; 28:416-427. [PMID: 28256297 PMCID: PMC5535765 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2017.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances show that insulin may affect β adrenergic receptor (βAR) signaling in the heart to modulate cardiac function in clinically relevant states, such as diabetes mellitus (DM) and heart failure (HF). Conversely, activation of βAR regulates cardiac glucose uptake and promotes insulin resistance (IR) in HF. Here, we discuss the recent characterization of the interaction between the cardiac insulin receptor (InsR) and βAR in the myocardium, in which insulin stimulation crosstalks with cardiac βAR via InsR substrate (IRS)-dependent and G-protein receptor kinase 2 (GRK2)-mediated phosphorylation of β2AR. The insulin-induced phosphorylation promotes β2AR coupling to Gi and expression of phosphodiesterase 4D, which both inhibit cardiac adrenergic signaling and compromise cardiac contractile function. These recent developments could support new approaches for the effective prevention or treatment of obesity- or DM-related HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Fu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Hubei Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Qingtong Wang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
| | - Yang K Xiang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA; VA Northern California Health Care System, Mather, CA, USA.
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89
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Waldschmidt HV, Homan KT, Cato MC, Cruz-Rodríguez O, Cannavo A, Wilson MW, Song J, Cheung JY, Koch WJ, Tesmer JJG, Larsen SD. Structure-Based Design of Highly Selective and Potent G Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase 2 Inhibitors Based on Paroxetine. J Med Chem 2017; 60:3052-3069. [PMID: 28323425 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In heart failure, the β-adrenergic receptors (βARs) become desensitized and uncoupled from heterotrimeric G proteins. This process is initiated by G protein-coupled receptor kinases (GRKs), some of which are upregulated in the failing heart, making them desirable therapeutic targets. The selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, paroxetine, was previously identified as a GRK2 inhibitor. Utilizing a structure-based drug design approach, we modified paroxetine to generate a small compound library. Included in this series is a highly potent and selective GRK2 inhibitor, 14as, with an IC50 of 30 nM against GRK2 and greater than 230-fold selectivity over other GRKs and kinases. Furthermore, 14as showed a 100-fold improvement in cardiomyocyte contractility assays over paroxetine and a plasma concentration higher than its IC50 for over 7 h. Three of these inhibitors, including 14as, were additionally crystallized in complex with GRK2 to give insights into the structural determinants of potency and selectivity of these inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen V Waldschmidt
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, ‡Departments of Pharmacology and Biological Chemistry, Life Sciences Institute, §Ph.D. Program in Chemical Biology, ⊥Vahlteich Medicinal Chemistry Core, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States.,Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140, United States
| | - Kristoff T Homan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, ‡Departments of Pharmacology and Biological Chemistry, Life Sciences Institute, §Ph.D. Program in Chemical Biology, ⊥Vahlteich Medicinal Chemistry Core, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States.,Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140, United States
| | - Marilyn C Cato
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, ‡Departments of Pharmacology and Biological Chemistry, Life Sciences Institute, §Ph.D. Program in Chemical Biology, ⊥Vahlteich Medicinal Chemistry Core, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States.,Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140, United States
| | - Osvaldo Cruz-Rodríguez
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, ‡Departments of Pharmacology and Biological Chemistry, Life Sciences Institute, §Ph.D. Program in Chemical Biology, ⊥Vahlteich Medicinal Chemistry Core, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States.,Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140, United States
| | - Alessandro Cannavo
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, ‡Departments of Pharmacology and Biological Chemistry, Life Sciences Institute, §Ph.D. Program in Chemical Biology, ⊥Vahlteich Medicinal Chemistry Core, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States.,Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140, United States
| | - Michael W Wilson
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, ‡Departments of Pharmacology and Biological Chemistry, Life Sciences Institute, §Ph.D. Program in Chemical Biology, ⊥Vahlteich Medicinal Chemistry Core, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States.,Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140, United States
| | - Jianliang Song
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, ‡Departments of Pharmacology and Biological Chemistry, Life Sciences Institute, §Ph.D. Program in Chemical Biology, ⊥Vahlteich Medicinal Chemistry Core, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States.,Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140, United States
| | - Joseph Y Cheung
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, ‡Departments of Pharmacology and Biological Chemistry, Life Sciences Institute, §Ph.D. Program in Chemical Biology, ⊥Vahlteich Medicinal Chemistry Core, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States.,Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140, United States
| | - Walter J Koch
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, ‡Departments of Pharmacology and Biological Chemistry, Life Sciences Institute, §Ph.D. Program in Chemical Biology, ⊥Vahlteich Medicinal Chemistry Core, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States.,Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140, United States
| | - John J G Tesmer
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, ‡Departments of Pharmacology and Biological Chemistry, Life Sciences Institute, §Ph.D. Program in Chemical Biology, ⊥Vahlteich Medicinal Chemistry Core, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States.,Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140, United States
| | - Scott D Larsen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, ‡Departments of Pharmacology and Biological Chemistry, Life Sciences Institute, §Ph.D. Program in Chemical Biology, ⊥Vahlteich Medicinal Chemistry Core, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States.,Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140, United States
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90
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Wang Q, Wang L, Wu L, Zhang M, Hu S, Wang R, Han Y, Wu Y, Zhang L, Wang X, Sun W, Wei W. Paroxetine alleviates T lymphocyte activation and infiltration to joints of collagen-induced arthritis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45364. [PMID: 28349925 PMCID: PMC5368980 DOI: 10.1038/srep45364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
T cell infiltration to synovial tissue is an early pathogenic mechanism of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In the present work, we reveal that G protein coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) is abundantly expressed in T cells of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). A GRK2 inhibitor, paroxetine protects the joints from inflammation and destruction, primarily through inhibition of both CD4+ helper T (Th) cell and CD8+ cytotoxic T (Tc) cell migration to synovial tissue. Meanwhile, paroxetine restores the balance of Th/Tc, effector Th (Theff)/ naïve Th (Thnaive) and effector Tc (Tceff)/ naïve Tc (Tcnaive) to equilibrium by elevating the frequency of Thnaive, Tcnaive and regulatory Th cells; reducing the increased Theff, activated Th and Tceff, having a similar effect as methotrexate (MTX). In addition, both serum and synovial IL-1β, TNF-α and CX3CL1 expression was effectively inhibited in treated rats. In vitro assay confirmed that paroxetine inhibits CX3CL1-induced T cell migration through blocking the activity of GRK2. Among three MAPK families, paroxetine was found to be able to decrease the phosphorylation of ERK. This study elucidates that paroxetine attenuates the symptoms of CIA rats due to its inhibitory effect on T cell activation and infiltration to synovial tissue via suppression of ERK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingtong Wang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Longsheng Wang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Li Wu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Mei Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Shanshan Hu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Yongsheng Han
- Emergency Center, Affiliated Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yujing Wu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Lingling Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Xinming Wang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Wuyi Sun
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, 230032, China
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91
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Xu F, Sun S, Wang X, Ni E, Zhao L, Zhu W. GRK2 Mediates Arginine Vasopressin-Induced Interleukin-6 Production via Nuclear Factor-κB Signaling Neonatal Rat Cardiac Fibroblast. Mol Pharmacol 2017; 92:278-284. [PMID: 28193640 DOI: 10.1124/mol.116.107698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin 6 (IL-6), which is elevated in patients with congestive heart failure and acts as both a chronic marker of inflammation and an acute-phase reactant, is associated with myocardial damage. Circulating levels of arginine vasopressin (AVP) are elevated during cardiac stress and could be a factor for cardiac inflammation and fibrosis. Our previous study has shown that AVP promotes the proliferation of neonatal rat cardiac fibroblasts (NRCFs) throughV1A vasopressin receptor-mediated G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) signaling. In the present study, we investigated the impact of the GRK2-dependent signaling. Using quantitative polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, we measured the levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) mRNA and protein in NRCFs, respectively. Manipulation of GRK2 activation either pharmacologically or through overexpression of GRK2-ct was used to determine the role of GRK2 in regulating the effects of AVP on IL-6 production. Phosphorylation and activation of nuclear factor κ-B (NF-κB) evoked by AVP stimulation were measured by immunoblot and NF-kB luciferase reporter gene transfected in NRCFs, respectively. Present studies have found that: 1) AVP increased the level of IL-6 protein and mRNA in a dose- and time-dependent manner in NRCFs; 2) inhibition of GRK2 abolished the AVP-induced IL-6 production and NF-κB activation; and 3) blocking NF-κB signaling using the pharmacologic approach diminished AVP-induced IL-6 production. In summary, AVP induces IL-6 production of NRCFs by activating V1A receptor signaling via a GRK2/NF-κB pathway. These findings provide a possible molecular mechanism for inflammation that occurs in heart failure and other types of cardiac stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Xu
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, Department of Pharmacology, Nantong University School of Pharmacy, Nantong, China
| | - Shuzhen Sun
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, Department of Pharmacology, Nantong University School of Pharmacy, Nantong, China
| | - Xiaojun Wang
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, Department of Pharmacology, Nantong University School of Pharmacy, Nantong, China
| | - Eran Ni
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, Department of Pharmacology, Nantong University School of Pharmacy, Nantong, China
| | - Lingling Zhao
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, Department of Pharmacology, Nantong University School of Pharmacy, Nantong, China
| | - Weizhong Zhu
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, Department of Pharmacology, Nantong University School of Pharmacy, Nantong, China
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92
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Targeting GPCR-Gβγ-GRK2 signaling as a novel strategy for treating cardiorenal pathologies. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1863:1883-1892. [PMID: 28130200 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The pathologic crosstalk between the heart and kidney is known as cardiorenal syndrome (CRS). While the specific mechanisms underlying this crosstalk remain poorly understood, CRS is associated with exacerbated dysfunction of either or both organs and reduced survival. Maladaptive fibrotic remodeling is a key component of both heart and kidney failure pathogenesis and progression. G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling is a crucial regulator of cardiovascular and renal function. Chronic/pathologic GPCR signaling elicits the interaction of the G-protein Gβγ subunit with GPCR kinase 2 (GRK2), targeting the receptor for internalization, scaffolding to pathologic signals, and receptor degradation. Targeting this pathologic Gβγ-GRK2 interaction has been suggested as a possible strategy for the treatment of HF. In the current review, we discuss recent updates in understanding the role of GPCR-Gβγ-GRK2 signaling as a crucial mediator of maladaptive organ remodeling detected in HF and kidney dysfunction, with specific attention to small molecule-mediated inhibition of pathologic Gβγ-GRK2 interactions. Further, we explore the potential of GPCR-Gβγ-GRK2 signaling as a possible therapeutic target for cardiorenal pathologies.
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93
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Cannavo A, Koch WJ. GRK2 as negative modulator of NO bioavailability: Implications for cardiovascular disease. Cell Signal 2017; 41:33-40. [PMID: 28077324 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2017.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO), initially identified as endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF), is a gaso-transmitter with important regulatory roles in the cardiovascular, nervous and immune systems. In the former, this diatomic molecule and free radical gas controls vascular tone and cardiac mechanics, among others. In the cardiovascular system, it is now understood that β-adrenergic receptor (βAR) activation is a key modulator of NO generation. Therefore, it is not surprising that the up-regulation of G protein-coupled receptor kinases (GRKs), in particular GRK2, that restrains βAR activity contributes to impaired cardiovascular functions via alteration of NO bioavailability. This review, will explore the specific interrelation between βARs, GRK2 and NO in the cardiovascular system and their inter-relationship for the pathogenesis of the onset of disease. Last, we will update the readers on the current status of GRK2 inhibitors as a potential therapeutic strategy for heart failure with an emphasis on their ability of rescuing NO bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Cannavo
- Center for Translational Medicine and Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Walter J Koch
- Center for Translational Medicine and Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, USA.
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94
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Sorriento D, Ciccarelli M, Cipolletta E, Trimarco B, Iaccarino G. "Freeze, Don't Move": How to Arrest a Suspect in Heart Failure - A Review on Available GRK2 Inhibitors. Front Cardiovasc Med 2016; 3:48. [PMID: 27999776 PMCID: PMC5138235 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2016.00048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease and heart failure (HF) still collect the largest toll of death in western societies and all over the world. A growing number of molecular mechanisms represent possible targets for new therapeutic strategies, which can counteract the metabolic and structural changes observed in the failing heart. G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) is one of such targets for which experimental and clinical evidence are established. Indeed, several strategies have been carried out in place to interface with the known GRK2 mechanisms of action in the failing heart. This review deals with results from basic and preclinical studies. It shows different strategies to inhibit GRK2 in HF in vivo (βARK-ct gene therapy, treatment with gallein, and treatment with paroxetine) and in vitro (RNA aptamer, RKIP, and peptide-based inhibitors). These strategies are based either on the inhibition of the catalytic activity of the kinase (“Freeze!”) or the prevention of its shuttling within the cell (“Don’t Move!”). Here, we review the peculiarity of each strategy with regard to the ability to interact with the multiple tasks of GRK2 and the perspective development of eventual clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Sorriento
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II , Naples , Italy
| | - Michele Ciccarelli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno , Baronissi, SA , Italy
| | - Ersilia Cipolletta
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II , Naples , Italy
| | - Bruno Trimarco
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II , Naples , Italy
| | - Guido Iaccarino
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno , Baronissi, SA , Italy
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95
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Wang Q, Liu Y, Fu Q, Xu B, Zhang Y, Kim S, Tan R, Barbagallo F, West T, Anderson E, Wei W, Abel ED, Xiang YK. Inhibiting Insulin-Mediated β2-Adrenergic Receptor Activation Prevents Diabetes-Associated Cardiac Dysfunction. Circulation 2016; 135:73-88. [PMID: 27815373 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.116.022281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and obesity independently increase the risk of heart failure by incompletely understood mechanisms. We propose that hyperinsulinemia might promote adverse consequences in the hearts of subjects with type-2 DM and obesity. METHODS High-fat diet feeding was used to induce obesity and DM in wild-type mice or mice lacking β2-adrenergic receptor (β2AR) or β-arrestin2. Wild-type mice fed with high-fat diet were treated with a β-blocker carvedilol or a GRK2 (G-protein-coupled receptor kinase 2) inhibitor. We examined signaling and cardiac contractile function. RESULTS High-fat diet feeding selectively increases the expression of phosphodiesterase 4D (PDE4D) in mouse hearts, in concert with reduced protein kinase A phosphorylation of phospholamban, which contributes to systolic and diastolic dysfunction. The expression of PDE4D is also elevated in human hearts with DM. The induction of PDE4D expression is mediated by an insulin receptor, insulin receptor substrate, and GRK2 and β-arrestin2-dependent transactivation of a β2AR-extracellular regulated protein kinase signaling cascade. Thus, pharmacological inhibition of β2AR or GRK2, or genetic deletion of β2AR or β-arrestin2, all significantly attenuate insulin-induced phosphorylation of extracellular regulated protein kinase and PDE4D induction to prevent DM-related contractile dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS These studies elucidate a novel mechanism by which hyperinsulinemia contributes to heart failure by increasing PDE4D expression and identify β2AR or GRK2 as plausible therapeutic targets for preventing or treating heart failure in subjects with type 2 DM.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Carbazoles/pharmacology
- Carvedilol
- Cells, Cultured
- Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 4/genetics
- Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 4/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications
- Diet, High-Fat
- Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases/metabolism
- G-Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase 2/antagonists & inhibitors
- G-Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase 2/metabolism
- Heart Failure/etiology
- Humans
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Myocardial Contraction/drug effects
- Myocardium/metabolism
- Myocytes, Cardiac/cytology
- Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism
- Obesity/complications
- Propanolamines/pharmacology
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2/deficiency
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2/genetics
- Signal Transduction
- Vasodilator Agents/pharmacology
- beta-Arrestin 2/deficiency
- beta-Arrestin 2/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingtong Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California at Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Yongming Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California at Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200000, China
| | - Qin Fu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California at Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Bing Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California at Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism and Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Sungjin Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California at Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Ruensern Tan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California at Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Federica Barbagallo
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California at Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Toni West
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California at Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Ethan Anderson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
| | - Wei Wei
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - E Dale Abel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism and Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Yang K Xiang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California at Davis, CA 95616, USA
- VA Northern California Health Care System, Mather, CA 95655, USA
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96
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Zhang L, Wang X, Cao H, Chen Y, Chen X, Zhao X, Xu F, Wang Y, Woo AYH, Zhu W. Vasopressin V 1A receptor mediates cell proliferation through GRK2-EGFR-ERK 1/2 pathway in A7r5 cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 792:15-25. [PMID: 27773680 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal proliferation and hypertrophy of vascular smooth muscle (VSMC), as the main structural component of the vasculature, is an important pathological mechanism of hypertension. Recently, increased levels of arginine vasopressin (AVP) and copeptin, the C-terminal fragment of provasopressin, have been shown to correlate with the development of preeclampsia. AVP targets on the Gq-coupled vasopressin V1A receptor and the Gs-coupled V2 receptor in VSMC and the kidneys to regulate vascular tone and water homeostasis. However, the role of the vasopressin receptor on VSM cell proliferation during vascular remodeling is unclear. Here, we studied the effects of AVP on the proliferation of the rat VSMC-derived A7r5 cells. AVP, in a time- and concentration-dependent manner, promoted A7r5 cell proliferation as indicated by the induction of proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression, methylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium reduction and incorporation of 5'-bromodeoxyuridine into cellular DNA. These effects, coupled with the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), were blocked by a V1A receptor antagonist SR45059 but not by a V2 receptor antagonist lixivaptan. Although acute activation of V1A receptor induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation via a protein kinase C-dependent pathway, this effect was not involved in cell proliferation. Cell proliferation and ERK1/2 phosphorylation in response to prolonged stimulation with AVP were abolished by inhibition of G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) using specific inhibitors or small hairpin RNA knock-down. These results suggest that activation of V1A, but not V2 receptor, produces a cell proliferative signal in A7r5 cells via a GRK2/EGFR/ERK1/2-dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Zhang
- Cardiovascular laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Xiaojun Wang
- Cardiovascular laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Hong Cao
- Cardiovascular laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Yunxuan Chen
- Cardiovascular laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Xianfan Chen
- Cardiovascular laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Xi Zhao
- Cardiovascular laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Feifei Xu
- Cardiovascular laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Yifan Wang
- Cardiovascular laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Anthony Yiu-Ho Woo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Weizhong Zhu
- Cardiovascular laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China.
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97
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Woodall MC, Woodall BP, Gao E, Yuan A, Koch WJ. Cardiac Fibroblast GRK2 Deletion Enhances Contractility and Remodeling Following Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury. Circ Res 2016; 119:1116-1127. [PMID: 27601479 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.116.309538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) is an important molecule upregulated after myocardial injury and during heart failure. Myocyte-specific GRK2 loss before and after myocardial ischemic injury improves cardiac function and remodeling. The cardiac fibroblast plays an important role in the repair and remodeling events after cardiac ischemia; the importance of GRK2 in these events has not been investigated. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to elucidate the in vivo implications of deleting GRK2 in the cardiac fibroblast after ischemia/reperfusion injury. METHODS AND RESULTS We demonstrate, using Tamoxifen inducible, fibroblast-specific GRK2 knockout mice, that GRK2 loss confers a protective advantage over control mice after myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. Fibroblast GRK2 knockout mice presented with decreased infarct size and preserved cardiac function 24 hours post ischemia/reperfusion as demonstrated by increased ejection fraction (59.1±1.8% versus 48.7±1.2% in controls; P<0.01). GRK2 fibroblast knockout mice also had decreased fibrosis and fibrotic gene expression. Importantly, these protective effects correlated with decreased infiltration of neutrophils to the ischemia site and decreased levels of tumor necrosis factor-α expression and secretion in GRK2 fibroblast knockout mice. CONCLUSIONS These novel data showing the benefits of inhibiting GRK2 in the cardiac fibroblast adds to previously published data showing the advantage of GRK2 ablation and reinforces the therapeutic potential of GRK2 inhibition in the heart after myocardial ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meryl C Woodall
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (M.C.W., B.P.W., E.G., A.Y., W.J.K.); and Department of Cardiology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China (A.Y.)
| | - Benjamin P Woodall
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (M.C.W., B.P.W., E.G., A.Y., W.J.K.); and Department of Cardiology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China (A.Y.)
| | - Erhe Gao
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (M.C.W., B.P.W., E.G., A.Y., W.J.K.); and Department of Cardiology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China (A.Y.)
| | - Ancai Yuan
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (M.C.W., B.P.W., E.G., A.Y., W.J.K.); and Department of Cardiology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China (A.Y.)
| | - Walter J Koch
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (M.C.W., B.P.W., E.G., A.Y., W.J.K.); and Department of Cardiology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China (A.Y.).
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98
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Han CC, Ma Y, Li Y, Wang Y, Wei W. Regulatory effects of GRK2 on GPCRs and non-GPCRs and possible use as a drug target (Review). Int J Mol Med 2016; 38:987-94. [DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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99
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Woodall BP, Woodall MC, Luongo TS, Grisanti LA, Tilley DG, Elrod JW, Koch WJ. Skeletal Muscle-specific G Protein-coupled Receptor Kinase 2 Ablation Alters Isolated Skeletal Muscle Mechanics and Enhances Clenbuterol-stimulated Hypertrophy. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:21913-21924. [PMID: 27566547 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.721282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
GRK2, a G protein-coupled receptor kinase, plays a critical role in cardiac physiology. Adrenergic receptors are the primary target for GRK2 activity in the heart; phosphorylation by GRK2 leads to desensitization of these receptors. As such, levels of GRK2 activity in the heart directly correlate with cardiac contractile function. Furthermore, increased expression of GRK2 after cardiac insult exacerbates injury and speeds progression to heart failure. Despite the importance of this kinase in both the physiology and pathophysiology of the heart, relatively little is known about the role of GRK2 in skeletal muscle function and disease. In this study we generated a novel skeletal muscle-specific GRK2 knock-out (KO) mouse (MLC-Cre:GRK2fl/fl) to gain a better understanding of the role of GRK2 in skeletal muscle physiology. In isolated muscle mechanics testing, GRK2 ablation caused a significant decrease in the specific force of contraction of the fast-twitch extensor digitorum longus muscle yet had no effect on the slow-twitch soleus muscle. Despite these effects in isolated muscle, exercise capacity was not altered in MLC-Cre:GRK2fl/fl mice compared with wild-type controls. Skeletal muscle hypertrophy stimulated by clenbuterol, a β2-adrenergic receptor (β2AR) agonist, was significantly enhanced in MLC-Cre:GRK2fl/fl mice; mechanistically, this seems to be due to increased clenbuterol-stimulated pro-hypertrophic Akt signaling in the GRK2 KO skeletal muscle. In summary, our study provides the first insights into the role of GRK2 in skeletal muscle physiology and points to a role for GRK2 as a modulator of contractile properties in skeletal muscle as well as β2AR-induced hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin P Woodall
- From the Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140-4106
| | - Meryl C Woodall
- From the Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140-4106
| | - Timothy S Luongo
- From the Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140-4106
| | - Laurel A Grisanti
- From the Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140-4106
| | - Douglas G Tilley
- From the Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140-4106
| | - John W Elrod
- From the Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140-4106
| | - Walter J Koch
- From the Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140-4106
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua G Travers
- From The Heart Institute, Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH
| | - Allison E Schafer
- From The Heart Institute, Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH
| | - Burns C Blaxall
- From The Heart Institute, Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH.
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