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Jun JH, Park SY, Park S, Park HJ, Kim JY, Park GT, Bae SH, Kim JH, Kim GJ. Formyl Peptide Receptor 2 Alleviates Hepatic Fibrosis in Liver Cirrhosis by Vascular Remodeling. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2107. [PMID: 33672682 PMCID: PMC7924385 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22042107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hexapeptide WKYMVm (Trp-Lys-Tyr-Met-Val-D-Met), a ligand of formyl peptide receptor 2, exhibits anti-inflammatory and angiogenic properties in disease models. However, the therapeutic effects of WKYMVm on hepatic fibrosis have not been evaluated to date. Therefore, we investigated whether WKYMVm exerts antifibrotic effects and induces vascular regeneration in a rat model of bile duct ligation (BDL). The antifibrotic and angiogenic effects of WKYMVm on liver regeneration in the BDL rat model were analyzed using biochemical assays, qRT-PCR, western blotting, immunofluorescence, and immunohistochemistry. To determine the effects of WKYMVm on hepatic fibrosis and angiogenesis in vitro, we measured the expression levels of fibrotic factors in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and angiogenic factors in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). WKYMVm attenuated the expression of collagen type I (Col I) and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and significantly increased the levels of angiogenetic factors in the BDL model (p < 0.05). WKYMVm reduced fibrotic marker expression in transforming growth factor (TGF)-β-induced HSCs and promoted angiogenic activity through tube formation in 5-Fluorouracil (FU)-treated HUVECs (p < 0.05). Also, WKYMVm administration enhanced hepatocyte proliferation in BDL rats (p < 0.05). The WKYMVm alleviates hepatic fibrosis by inhibiting HSC activation and promotes hepatic regeneration via vascular remodeling. These data suggest that the WKYMVm may be a new therapeutic agent for liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hye Jun
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Korea; (J.H.J.); (S.Y.P.); (S.P.); (H.J.P.); (J.Y.K.)
| | - Soo Young Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Korea; (J.H.J.); (S.Y.P.); (S.P.); (H.J.P.); (J.Y.K.)
| | - Sohae Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Korea; (J.H.J.); (S.Y.P.); (S.P.); (H.J.P.); (J.Y.K.)
| | - Hee Jung Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Korea; (J.H.J.); (S.Y.P.); (S.P.); (H.J.P.); (J.Y.K.)
| | - Jae Yeon Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Korea; (J.H.J.); (S.Y.P.); (S.P.); (H.J.P.); (J.Y.K.)
| | - Gyu Tae Park
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea;
| | - Si Hyun Bae
- Department of Internal Medicine, Catholic University Medical College, Seoul 03312, Korea;
| | - Jae Ho Kim
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea;
| | - Gi Jin Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Korea; (J.H.J.); (S.Y.P.); (S.P.); (H.J.P.); (J.Y.K.)
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Chen Y, Pu Q, Ma Y, Zhang H, Ye T, Zhao C, Huang X, Ren Y, Qiao L, Liu HM, Esmon CT, Ding BS, Cao Z. Aging Reprograms the Hematopoietic-Vascular Niche to Impede Regeneration and Promote Fibrosis. Cell Metab 2021; 33:395-410.e4. [PMID: 33357457 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2020.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Regenerative capacity is frequently impaired in aged organs. Stress to aged organs often causes scar formation (fibrosis) at the expense of regeneration. It remains to be defined how hematopoietic and vascular cells contribute to aging-induced regeneration to fibrotic transition. Here, we find that aging aberrantly reprograms the crosstalk between hematopoietic and vascular cells to impede the regenerative capacity and enhance fibrosis. In aged lung, liver, and kidney, induction of Neuropilin-1/hypoxia-inducible-factor 2α (HIF2α) suppresses anti-thrombotic and anti-inflammatory endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR) pathway, leading to formation of pro-fibrotic platelet-macrophage rosette. Activated platelets via supplying interleukin 1α synergize with endothelial-produced angiocrine chemokine to recruit fibrogenic TIMP1high macrophages. In mouse models, genetic targeting of endothelial Neuropilin-1-HIF2α, platelet interleukin 1α, or macrophage TIMP1 normalized the pro-fibrotic hematopoietic-vascular niche and restored the regenerative capacity of old organs. Targeting of aberrant endothelial node molecules might help propel "regeneration without scarring" in the repair of multiple organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects of MOE, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qiang Pu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Frontier Center of Disease Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yongyuan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects of MOE, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects of MOE, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Tinghong Ye
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects of MOE, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Chengjian Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects of MOE, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiaojuan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects of MOE, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yafeng Ren
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects of MOE, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lina Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects of MOE, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Han-Min Liu
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects of MOE, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Charles T Esmon
- Coagulation Biology Laboratory, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Bi-Sen Ding
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects of MOE, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Fibrosis Research Center, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Division of Regenerative Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Zhongwei Cao
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects of MOE, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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53
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Dong X, Luo Y, Lu S, Ma H, Zhang W, Zhu Y, Sun G, Sun X. Ursodesoxycholic acid alleviates liver fibrosis via proregeneration by activation of the ID1-WNT2/HGF signaling pathway. Clin Transl Med 2021; 11:e296. [PMID: 33635004 PMCID: PMC7828260 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The human liver possesses a remarkable capacity for self-repair. However, liver fibrosis remains a serious medical concern, potentially progressing to end-stage liver cirrhosis and even death. Liver fibrosis is characterized by excess accumulation of extracellular matrix in response to chronic injury. Liver regenerative ability, a strong indicator of liver health, is important in resisting fibrosis. In this study, we provide evidence that ursodesoxycholic acid (UDCA) can alleviate liver fibrosis by promoting liver regeneration via activation of the ID1-WNT2/hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) pathway. METHODS Bile duct ligation (BDL) and partial hepatectomy (PH) mouse models were used to verify the effects of UDCA on liver fibrosis, regeneration, and the ID1-WNT2/HGF pathway. An Id1 knockdown mouse model was also used to assess the role of Id1 in UDCA alleviation of liver fibrosis. RESULTS Our results demonstrate that UDCA can alleviate liver fibrosis in the BDL mice and promote liver regeneration via the ID1-WNT2/HGF pathway in PH mice. In addition, Id1 knockdown abolished the protection afforded by UDCA in BDL mice. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that UDCA protects against liver fibrosis by proregeneration via activation of the ID1-WNT2/HGF pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Dong
- Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational MedicineInstitute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijing100193P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery Based on Classic Chinese Medicine PrescriptionChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijing100193P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant DevelopmentChinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing100193P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine against Glycolipid Metabolic Disorders, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant DevelopmentPeking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijing100193P. R. China
| | - Yun Luo
- Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational MedicineInstitute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijing100193P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery Based on Classic Chinese Medicine PrescriptionChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijing100193P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant DevelopmentChinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing100193P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine against Glycolipid Metabolic Disorders, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant DevelopmentPeking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijing100193P. R. China
| | - Shan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational MedicineInstitute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijing100193P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery Based on Classic Chinese Medicine PrescriptionChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijing100193P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant DevelopmentChinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing100193P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine against Glycolipid Metabolic Disorders, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant DevelopmentPeking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijing100193P. R. China
| | - Han Ma
- School of Traditional Chinese MedicineCapital Medical UniversityBeijingP. R. China
| | - Wenchao Zhang
- College of Life Science and TechnologyBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijingP. R. China
| | - Yue Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational MedicineInstitute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijing100193P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery Based on Classic Chinese Medicine PrescriptionChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijing100193P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant DevelopmentChinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing100193P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine against Glycolipid Metabolic Disorders, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant DevelopmentPeking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijing100193P. R. China
| | - Guibo Sun
- Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational MedicineInstitute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijing100193P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery Based on Classic Chinese Medicine PrescriptionChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijing100193P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant DevelopmentChinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing100193P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine against Glycolipid Metabolic Disorders, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant DevelopmentPeking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijing100193P. R. China
| | - Xiaobo Sun
- Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational MedicineInstitute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijing100193P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery Based on Classic Chinese Medicine PrescriptionChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijing100193P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant DevelopmentChinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing100193P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine against Glycolipid Metabolic Disorders, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant DevelopmentPeking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijing100193P. R. China
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Kong J, Wen S, Cao W, Yue P, Xu X, Zhang Y, Luo L, Chen T, Li L, Wang F, Tao J, Zhou G, Luo S, Liu A, Bao F. Lung organoids, useful tools for investigating epithelial repair after lung injury. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:95. [PMID: 33516265 PMCID: PMC7846910 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02172-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Organoids are derived from stem cells or organ-specific progenitors. They display structures and functions consistent with organs in vivo. Multiple types of organoids, including lung organoids, can be generated. Organoids are applied widely in development, disease modelling, regenerative medicine, and other multiple aspects. Various human pulmonary diseases caused by several factors can be induced and lead to different degrees of lung epithelial injury. Epithelial repair involves the participation of multiple cells and signalling pathways. Lung organoids provide an excellent platform to model injury to and repair of lungs. Here, we review the recent methods of cultivating lung organoids, applications of lung organoids in epithelial repair after injury, and understanding the mechanisms of epithelial repair investigated using lung organoids. By using lung organoids, we can discover the regulatory mechanisms related to the repair of lung epithelia. This strategy could provide new insights for more effective management of lung diseases and the development of new drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Kong
- The Institute for Tropical Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China.,The School of Medicine, Kunming University, Kunming, 650214, China
| | - Shiyuan Wen
- The Institute for Tropical Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Wenjing Cao
- The Institute for Tropical Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Peng Yue
- The Institute for Tropical Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Xin Xu
- The Institute for Tropical Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- The Institute for Tropical Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Lisha Luo
- The Institute for Tropical Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Taigui Chen
- The Institute for Tropical Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Lianbao Li
- The Institute for Tropical Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Feng Wang
- The Institute for Tropical Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Jian Tao
- The School of Medicine, Kunming University, Kunming, 650214, China
| | - Guozhong Zhou
- The Institute for Tropical Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Suyi Luo
- The Institute for Tropical Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Aihua Liu
- The Institute for Tropical Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China. .,Yunnan Province Key Laboratory of Children's Major Diseases Research, The Children's Hospital of Kunming, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650030, China.
| | - Fukai Bao
- The Institute for Tropical Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China. .,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China.
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Abstract
The lungs are constantly exposed to the external environment and are therefore vulnerable to insults that can cause infection and injury. Maintaining the integrity and barrier function of the lung epithelium requires complex interactions of multiple cell lineages. Elucidating the cellular players and their regulation mechanisms provides fundamental information to deepen understanding about the responses and contributions of lung stem cells. This Review focuses on advances in our understanding of mammalian alveolar epithelial stem cell subpopulations and discusses insights about the regeneration-specific cell status of alveolar epithelial stem cells. We also consider how these advances can inform our understanding of post-injury lung repair processes and lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan Wu
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Nan Tang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China .,Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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56
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Zhang T, Li Y, Song Y, Chen X, Li J, Peng Q, He J, Fei X. Curcumin- and Cyclopamine-Loaded Liposomes to Enhance Therapeutic Efficacy Against Hepatic Fibrosis. Drug Des Devel Ther 2020; 14:5667-5678. [PMID: 33380787 PMCID: PMC7767702 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s287442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Hepatic fibrosis is a public health problem characterized by activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), which triggers excessive production of extracellular matrix (ECM). Inhibition of HSC activation may be an effective treatment. Since various pathways control HSC activation, a combination of drugs with different mechanisms may be more effective than monotherapy. METHODS Here, we prepared liposomes loaded with curcumin and cyclopamine to inhibit HSC activation. We systematically analyzed the physicochemical characteristics of liposomes loaded with the two drugs, as well as their effects on HSC proliferation, activation and collagen production on gene, protein and cellular levels. RESULTS The prepared liposomes helped solubilize both drugs, contributing to their uptake by cells. Liposomes loaded with both drugs inhibited cell proliferation, migration and invasion, as well as induced more apoptosis and perturbed the cell cycle more than the free combination of both drugs in solution or liposomes loaded with either drug alone. Liposomes loaded with both drugs strongly suppressed HSC activation and collagen secretion. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that liposome encapsulation can increase the uptake of curcumin and cyclopamine as well as the synergism between them in anti-fibrosis. This approach shows potential for treating hepatic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanping Li
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Song
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoshuang Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiang Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinhan He
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu610041, People’s Republic of China
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaofan Fei
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu610041, People’s Republic of China
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Herranz-Itúrbide M, López-Luque J, Gonzalez-Sanchez E, Caballero-Díaz D, Crosas-Molist E, Martín-Mur B, Gut M, Esteve-Codina A, Jaquet V, Jiang JX, Török NJ, Fabregat I. NADPH oxidase 4 (Nox4) deletion accelerates liver regeneration in mice. Redox Biol 2020; 40:101841. [PMID: 33493901 PMCID: PMC7823210 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver is a unique organ in displaying a reparative and regenerative response after acute/chronic damage or partial hepatectomy, when all the cell types must proliferate to re-establish the liver mass. The NADPH oxidase NOX4 mediates Transforming Growth Factor-beta (TGF-β) actions, including apoptosis in hepatocytes and activation of stellate cells to myofibroblasts. Aim of this work was to analyze the impact of NOX4 in liver regeneration by using two mouse models where Nox4 was deleted: 1) general deletion of Nox4 (NOX4-/-) and 2) hepatocyte-specific deletion of Nox4 (NOX4hepKO). Liver regeneration was analyzed after 2/3 partial hepatectomy (PH). Results indicated an earlier recovery of the liver-to-body weight ratio in both NOX4-/- and NOX4hepKO mice and an increased survival, when compared to corresponding WT mice. The regenerative hepatocellular fat accumulation and the parenchyma organization recovered faster in NOX4 deleted livers. Hepatocyte proliferation, analyzed by Ki67 and phospho-Histone3 immunohistochemistry, was accelerated and increased in NOX4 deleted mice, coincident with an earlier and increased Myc expression. Primary hepatocytes isolated from NOX4 deleted mice showed higher proliferative capacity and increased expression of Myc and different cyclins in response to serum. Transcriptomic analysis through RNA-seq revealed significant changes after PH in NOX4-/- mice and support a relevant role for Myc in a node of regulation of proliferation-related genes. Interestingly, RNA-seq also revealed changes in the expression of genes related to activation of the TGF-β pathway. In fact, levels of active TGF-β1, phosphorylation of Smads and levels of its target p21 were lower at 24 h in NOX4 deleted mice. Nox4 did not appear to be essential for the termination of liver regeneration in vivo, neither for the in vitro hepatocyte response to TGF-β1 in terms of growth inhibition, which suggest its potential as therapeutic target to improve liver regeneration, without adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Herranz-Itúrbide
- TGF-β and Cancer Group. Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Oncology Program, CIBEREHD, National Biomedical Research Institute on Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - J López-Luque
- TGF-β and Cancer Group. Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Oncology Program, CIBEREHD, National Biomedical Research Institute on Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - E Gonzalez-Sanchez
- TGF-β and Cancer Group. Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Oncology Program, CIBEREHD, National Biomedical Research Institute on Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain; Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - D Caballero-Díaz
- TGF-β and Cancer Group. Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Oncology Program, CIBEREHD, National Biomedical Research Institute on Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - E Crosas-Molist
- TGF-β and Cancer Group. Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - B Martín-Mur
- CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Gut
- CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Esteve-Codina
- CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - V Jaquet
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; RE.A.D.S Unit, Medical School, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - J X Jiang
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, UC Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - N J Török
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - I Fabregat
- TGF-β and Cancer Group. Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Oncology Program, CIBEREHD, National Biomedical Research Institute on Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain; Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Spain.
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58
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Mak KM, Shin DW. Hepatic sinusoids versus central veins: Structures, markers, angiocrines, and roles in liver regeneration and homeostasis. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2020; 304:1661-1691. [PMID: 33135318 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The blood circulates through the hepatic sinusoids delivering nutrients and oxygen to the liver parenchyma and drains into the hepatic central vein, yet the structures and phenotypes of these vessels are distinctively different. Sinusoidal endothelial cells are uniquely fenestrated, lack basal lamina and possess organelles involved in endocytosis, pinocytosis, degradation, synthesis and secretion. Hepatic central veins are nonfenestrated but are also active in synthesis and secretion. Endothelial cells of sinusoids and central veins secrete angiocrines that play respective roles in hepatic regeneration and metabolic homeostasis. The list of markers for identifying sinusoidal endothelial cells is long and their terminologies are complex. Further, their uses vary in different investigations and, in some instances, could be confusing. Central vein markers are fewer but more distinctive. Here we analyze and categorize the molecular pathways/modules associated with the sinusoid-mediated liver regeneration in response to partial hepatectomy and chemical-induced acute or chronic injury. Similarly, we highlight the findings that central vein-derived angiocrines interact with Wnt/β-catenin in perivenous hepatocytes to direct gene expression and maintain pericentral metabolic zonation. The proposal that perivenous hepatocytes behave as stem/progenitor cells to provoke hepatic homeostatic cell renewal is reevaluated and newer concepts of broad zonal distribution of hepatocyte proliferation in liver homeostasis and regeneration are updated. Thus, this review integrates the structures, biology and physiology of liver sinusoids and central veins in mediating hepatic regeneration and metabolic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki M Mak
- Department of Medical Education and Center for Anatomy and Functional Morphology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Da Wi Shin
- Department of Medical Education and Center for Anatomy and Functional Morphology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
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He J, Yang Q, Xiao Q, Lei A, Li X, Zhou P, Liu T, Zhang L, Shi K, Yang Q, Dong J, Zhou J. IRF-7 Is a Critical Regulator of Type 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells in Allergic Airway Inflammation. Cell Rep 2020; 29:2718-2730.e6. [PMID: 31775040 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.10.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergic asthma is a highly prevalent airway disease triggered by hyperresponsiveness to inhaled allergens. Interferon regulatory factor 7 (IRF7) has been shown to be highly expressed in nasal aspirates from children with asthma. Type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) represent the major player in allergic airway inflammation. The role of IRF7 in ILC2-driven asthma remains to be explored. Here, we report that IRF7 expression in murine lung ILC2s is dramatically induced upon papain or interleukin-33 (IL-33) stimulation. ILC2s from asthma patients display a much higher level of IRF7 than those from healthy donors. Deficiency of IRF7 in mice significantly impairs the expansion and function of lung ILC2s in multiple models of allergic asthma. Furthermore, the regulation of ILC2s by IRF7 is cell intrinsic and mediated by the transcription factor Bcl11b. These observations identify IRF7 as a regulator of lung ILC2s, which may have immunotherapeutic value in allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan He
- Joint Program in Immunology, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease of the Ministry of Education, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiong Yang
- Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiang Xiao
- Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Aihua Lei
- Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xing Li
- The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease of the Ministry of Education, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ting Liu
- Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease of the Ministry of Education, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Kun Shi
- Department of Gynaecology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Quan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junchao Dong
- Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Joint Program in Immunology, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease of the Ministry of Education, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
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Chen J, Lodi R, Zhang S, Su Z, Wu Y, Xia L. The double-edged role of IL-22 in organ fibrosis. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2020; 42:392-399. [PMID: 32689851 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2020.1799388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Fibrosis is unregulated tissue repair in damaged or diseased organs, and the accumulation of excess extracellular matrix (ECM) impacts the structure and functions of organs, leading to death. Fibrosis is usually triggered by inflammation and tissue damage, and inflammatory mediators stimulate the proliferation of myofibroblasts and the excessive production of ECM. The IL-10 family cytokines play important roles in the development of fibrosis, and its member IL-22 has recently attracted specific attention. IL-22 plays great roles in preventing pathogens invasion and tissue damage, as well as making a contribution to pathogenic processes. Increasing evidence suggested that IL-22 is a key molecule in tissue repair, proliferation and mucosal barrier defense, and it has also been suggested to play both pro-fibrotic and anti-fibrotic roles in tissues. In this review, we summarized the pro-fibrotic and anti-fibrotic functions of IL-22 in various organs which may be of great significance for the development of potential therapeutic strategies for fibrosis-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Chen
- International Genome Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | | | - Shiqing Zhang
- International Genome Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Zhaoliang Su
- International Genome Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yan Wu
- Central Laboratory, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Lin Xia
- International Genome Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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Abstract
Significance: Fibrosis is a stereotypic, multicellular tissue response to diverse types of injuries that fundamentally result from a failure of cell/tissue regeneration. This complex tissue remodeling response disrupts cellular/matrix composition and homeostatic cell-cell interactions, leading to loss of normal tissue architecture and progressive loss of organ structure/function. Fibrosis is a common feature of chronic diseases that may affect the lung, kidney, liver, and heart. Recent Advances: There is emerging evidence to support a combination of genetic, environmental, and age-related risk factors contributing to susceptibility and/or progression of fibrosis in different organ systems. A core pathway in fibrogenesis involving these organs is the induction and activation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NOX) family enzymes. Critical Issues: We explore current pharmaceutical approaches to targeting NOX enzymes, including repurposing of currently U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs. Specific inhibitors of various NOX homologs will aid establishing roles of NOXs in the various organ fibroses and potential efficacy to impede/halt disease progression. Future Directions: The discovery of novel and highly specific NOX inhibitors will provide opportunities to develop NOX inhibitors for treatment of fibrotic pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Bernard
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Victor J Thannickal
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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Chen Q, Rehman J, Chan M, Fu P, Dudek SM, Natarajan V, Malik AB, Liu Y. Angiocrine Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Activation of S1PR2-YAP Signaling Axis in Alveolar Type II Cells Is Essential for Lung Repair. Cell Rep 2020; 31:107828. [PMID: 32610129 PMCID: PMC7371431 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung alveolar epithelium is composed of alveolar type I (AT1) and type II (AT2) cells. AT1 cells mediate gas exchange, whereas AT2 cells act as progenitor cells to repair injured alveoli. Lung microvascular endothelial cells (LMVECs) play a crucial but still poorly understood role in regulating alveolar repair. Here, we studied the role of the LMVEC-derived bioactive lipid sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) in promoting alveolar repair using mice with endothelial-specific deletion of sphingosine kinase 1 (Sphk1), the key enzyme promoting S1P generation. These mutant lungs developed airspace-enlargement lesions and exhibited a reduced number of AT1 cells after Pseudomonas-aeruginosa-induced lung injury. We demonstrated that S1P released by LMVECs acted via its receptor, S1PR2, on AT2 cells and induced nuclear translocation of yes-associated protein (YAP), a regulator of AT2 to AT1 transition. Thus, angiocrine S1P released after injury acts via the S1PR2-YAP signaling axis on AT2 cells to promote AT2 to AT1 differentiation required for alveolar repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Jalees Rehman
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Manwai Chan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Panfeng Fu
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Steven M Dudek
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Viswanathan Natarajan
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Asrar B Malik
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Yuru Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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Ding BS, Yang D, Swendeman SL, Christoffersen C, Nielsen LB, Friedman SL, Powell CA, Hla T, Cao Z. Aging Suppresses Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Chaperone ApoM in Circulation Resulting in Maladaptive Organ Repair. Dev Cell 2020; 53:677-690.e4. [PMID: 32544390 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2020.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Here, we show that the liver-derived apolipoprotein M (ApoM) protects the lung and kidney from pro-fibrotic insults and that this circulating factor is attenuated in aged mice. Aged mouse hepatocytes exhibit transcriptional suppression of ApoM. This leads to reduced sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) signaling via the S1P receptor 1 (S1PR1) in the vascular endothelial cells of lung and kidney. Suboptimal S1PR1 angiocrine signaling causes reduced resistance to injury-induced vascular leak and leads to organ fibrosis. Plasma transfusion from Apom transgenic mice but not Apom knockout mice blocked fibrosis in the lung. Similarly, infusion of recombinant therapeutics, ApoM-Fc fusion protein enhanced kidney and lung regeneration and attenuated fibrosis in aged mouse after injury. Furthermore, we identified that aging alters Sirtuin-1-hepatic nuclear factor 4α circuit in hepatocytes to downregulate ApoM. These data reveal an integrative organ adaptation that involves circulating S1P chaperone ApoM+ high density lipoprotein (HDL), which signals via endothelial niche S1PR1 to spur regeneration over fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bi-Sen Ding
- Fibrosis Research Center, Mount Sinai-National Jewish Respiratory Institute, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Ansary Stem Cell Institute, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Dawei Yang
- Fibrosis Research Center, Mount Sinai-National Jewish Respiratory Institute, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Steve L Swendeman
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Christina Christoffersen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Righosiptalet, and Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars B Nielsen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Righosiptalet, and Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Scott L Friedman
- Division of Liver Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Charles A Powell
- Fibrosis Research Center, Mount Sinai-National Jewish Respiratory Institute, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Timothy Hla
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Zhongwei Cao
- Fibrosis Research Center, Mount Sinai-National Jewish Respiratory Institute, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Ansary Stem Cell Institute, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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RNA Signaling in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension-A Double-Stranded Sword. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093124. [PMID: 32354189 PMCID: PMC7247700 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Recognition of and response to pathogens and tissue injury is driven by the innate immune system via activation of pattern recognition receptors. One of the many patterns recognized is RNA and, while several receptors bind RNA, Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) is well placed for initial recognition of RNA molecules due to its localization within the endosome. There is a growing body of work describing a role for TLR3 in maintenance of vascular homeostasis. For example, TLR3 deficiency has been shown to play repair and remodeling roles in the systemic vasculature and in lung parenchyma. A hallmark of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is pulmonary vascular remodeling, yet drivers and triggers of this remodeling remain incompletely understood. Based on its role in the systemic vasculature, our group discovered reduced endothelial TLR3 expression in PAH and revealed a protective role for a TLR3 agonist in rodent models of pulmonary hypertension. This review will provide an overview of RNA signaling in the vasculature and how it relates to PAH pathobiology, including whether targeting double-stranded RNA signaling is a potential treatment option for PAH.
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Dorrello NV, Vunjak-Novakovic G. Bioengineering of Pulmonary Epithelium With Preservation of the Vascular Niche. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:269. [PMID: 32351946 PMCID: PMC7174601 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The shortage of transplantable donor organs directly affects patients with end-stage lung disease, for which transplantation remains the only definitive treatment. With the current acceptance rate of donor lungs of only 20%, rescuing even one half of the rejected donor lungs would increase the number of transplantable lungs threefold, to 60%. We review recent advances in lung bioengineering that have potential to repair the epithelial and vascular compartments of the lung. Our focus is on the long-term support and recovery of the lung ex vivo, and the replacement of defective epithelium with healthy therapeutic cells. To this end, we first review the roles of the lung epithelium and vasculature, with focus on the alveolar-capillary membrane, and then discuss the available and emerging technologies for ex vivo bioengineering of the lung by decellularization and recellularization. While there have been many meritorious advances in these technologies for recovering marginal quality lungs to the levels needed to meet the standards for transplantation – many challenges remain, motivating further studies of the extended ex vivo support and interventions in the lung. We propose that the repair of injured epithelium with preservation of quiescent vasculature will be critical for the immediate blood supply to the lung and the lung survival and function following transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Valerio Dorrello
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Gordana Vunjak-Novakovic
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States.,Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
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Frangogiannis N. Transforming growth factor-β in tissue fibrosis. J Exp Med 2020; 217:e20190103. [PMID: 32997468 PMCID: PMC7062524 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20190103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 486] [Impact Index Per Article: 121.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
TGF-β is extensively implicated in the pathogenesis of fibrosis. In fibrotic lesions, spatially restricted generation of bioactive TGF-β from latent stores requires the cooperation of proteases, integrins, and specialized extracellular matrix molecules. Although fibroblasts are major targets of TGF-β, some fibrogenic actions may reflect activation of other cell types, including macrophages, epithelial cells, and vascular cells. TGF-β–driven fibrosis is mediated through Smad-dependent or non-Smad pathways and is modulated by coreceptors and by interacting networks. This review discusses the role of TGF-β in fibrosis, highlighting mechanisms of TGF-β activation and signaling, the cellular targets of TGF-β actions, and the challenges of therapeutic translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Frangogiannis
- The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
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67
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Wang L, Zhao Y, Yang F, Feng M, Zhao Y, Chen X, Mi J, Yao Y, Guan D, Xiao Z, Chen B, Dai J. Biomimetic collagen biomaterial induces in situ lung regeneration by forming functional alveolar. Biomaterials 2020; 236:119825. [PMID: 32044576 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.119825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
In situ restoration of severely damaged lung remains difficult due to its limited regeneration capacity after injury. Artificial lung scaffolds are emerging as potential substitutes, but it is still a challenge to reconstruct lung regeneration microenvironment in scaffold after lung resection injury. Here, a 3D biomimetic porous collagen scaffold with similar structure characteristics as lung is fabricated, and a novel collagen binding hepatocyte growth factor (CBD-HGF) is tethered on the collagen scaffold for maintaining the biomimetic function of HGF to improve the lung regeneration microenvironment. The biomimetic scaffold was implanted into the operative region of a rat partial lung resection model. The results revealed that vascular endothelial cells and endogenous alveolar stem cells entered the scaffold at the early stage of regeneration. At the later stage, inflammation and fibrosis were attenuated, the microvascular and functional alveolar-like structures were formed, and the general morphology of the injured lung was restored. Taken together, the functional 3D biomimetic collagen scaffold facilitates recovery of the injured lung, alveolar regeneration, and angiogenesis after acute lung injury. Particularly, this is the first study of lung regeneration in vivo guided by biomimetic collagen scaffold materials, which supports the concept that tissue engineering is an effective strategy for alveolar regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linjie Wang
- Institute of Combined Injury, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yannan Zhao
- Institute of Combined Injury, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Feng Yang
- Institute of Combined Injury, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Meng Feng
- Institute of Combined Injury, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yazhen Zhao
- Institute of Combined Injury, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Institute of Combined Injury, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Junwei Mi
- Institute of Combined Injury, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yuanjiang Yao
- Institute of Combined Injury, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Dongwei Guan
- Institute of Combined Injury, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Zhifeng Xiao
- Institute of Combined Injury, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Bing Chen
- Institute of Combined Injury, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Jianwu Dai
- Institute of Combined Injury, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
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da Silva Meirelles L, Marson RF, Solari MIG, Nardi NB. Are Liver Pericytes Just Precursors of Myofibroblasts in Hepatic Diseases? Insights from the Crosstalk between Perivascular and Inflammatory Cells in Liver Injury and Repair. Cells 2020; 9:cells9010188. [PMID: 31940814 PMCID: PMC7017158 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cirrhosis, a late form of liver disease, is characterized by extensive scarring due to exacerbated secretion of extracellular matrix proteins by myofibroblasts that develop during this process. These myofibroblasts arise mainly from hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), liver-specific pericytes that become activated at the onset of liver injury. Consequently, HSCs tend to be viewed mainly as myofibroblast precursors in a fibrotic process driven by inflammation. Here, the molecular interactions between liver pericytes and inflammatory cells such as macrophages and neutrophils at the first moments after injury and during the healing process are brought into focus. Data on HSCs and pericytes from other tissues indicate that these cells are able to sense pathogen- and damage-associated molecular patterns and have an important proinflammatory role in the initial stages of liver injury. On the other hand, further data suggest that as the healing process evolves, activated HSCs play a role in skewing the initial proinflammatory (M1) macrophage polarization by contributing to the emergence of alternatively activated, pro-regenerative (M2-like) macrophages. Finally, data suggesting that some HSCs activated during liver injury could behave as hepatic progenitor or stem cells will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindolfo da Silva Meirelles
- PPGBioSaúde and School of Medicine, Lutheran University of Brazil, Av. Farroupilha 8001, 92425-900 Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Renan Fava Marson
- PPGBioSaúde, Lutheran University of Brazil, Av. Farroupilha 8001, 92425-900 Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Maria Inês Gonzalez Solari
- Institute of Cardiology of Rio Grande do Sul, Av Princesa Isabel 370, 90620-001 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Nance Beyer Nardi
- Institute of Cardiology of Rio Grande do Sul, Av Princesa Isabel 370, 90620-001 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-51-3230-3600
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69
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Survival of endogenous hepatic stem/progenitor cells in liver tissues during liver cirrhosis. Life Sci 2020; 241:117121. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.117121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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70
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Mosich GM, Husman R, Shah P, Sharma A, Rezzadeh K, Aderibigbe T, Hu VJ, McClintick DJ, Wu G, Gatto JD, Xi H, Pyle AD, Péault B, Petrigliano FA, Dar A. Non-fibro-adipogenic pericytes from human embryonic stem cells attenuate degeneration of the chronically injured mouse muscle. JCI Insight 2019; 4:125334. [PMID: 31852842 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.125334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Massive tears of the rotator cuff (RC) are associated with chronic muscle degeneration due to fibrosis, fatty infiltration, and muscle atrophy. The microenvironment of diseased muscle often impairs efficient engraftment and regenerative activity of transplanted myogenic precursors. Accumulating myofibroblasts and fat cells disrupt the muscle stem cell niche and myogenic cell signaling and deposit excess disorganized connective tissue. Therefore, restoration of the damaged stromal niche with non-fibro-adipogenic cells is a prerequisite to successful repair of an injured RC. We generated from human embryonic stem cells (hES) a potentially novel subset of PDGFR-β+CD146+CD34-CD56- pericytes that lack expression of the fibro-adipogenic cell marker PDGFR-α. Accordingly, the PDGFR-β+PDGFR-α- phenotype typified non-fibro-adipogenic, non-myogenic, pericyte-like derivatives that maintained non-fibro-adipogenic properties when transplanted into chronically injured murine RCs. Although administered hES pericytes inhibited developing fibrosis at early and late stages of progressive muscle degeneration, transplanted PDGFR-β+PDGFR-α+ human muscle-derived fibro-adipogenic progenitors contributed to adipogenesis and greater fibrosis. Additionally, transplanted hES pericytes substantially attenuated muscle atrophy at all tested injection time points after injury. Coinciding with this observation, conditioned medium from cultured hES pericytes rescued atrophic myotubes in vitro. These findings imply that non-fibro-adipogenic hES pericytes recapitulate the myogenic stromal niche and may be used to improve cell-based treatments for chronic muscle disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina M Mosich
- Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, and
| | - Regina Husman
- Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, and
| | - Paras Shah
- Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, and
| | - Abhinav Sharma
- Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, and
| | - Kevin Rezzadeh
- Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, and
| | | | - Vivian J Hu
- Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, and
| | | | - Genbin Wu
- Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, and
| | - Jonathan D Gatto
- Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, and
| | - Haibin Xi
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, UCLA, California, USA
| | - April D Pyle
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, UCLA, California, USA
| | - Bruno Péault
- Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, and.,Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, UCLA, California, USA.,Center for Cardiovascular Science and MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Frank A Petrigliano
- Epstein Family Center for Sports Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ayelet Dar
- Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, and
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71
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Tang H, Mao J, Ye X, Zhang F, Kerr WG, Zheng T, Zhu Z. SHIP-1, a target of miR-155, regulates endothelial cell responses in lung fibrosis. FASEB J 2019; 34:2011-2023. [PMID: 31907997 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902063r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Src Homology 2-containing Inositol Phosphatase-1 (SHIP-1) is a target of miR-155, a pro-inflammatory factor. Deletion of the SHIP-1 gene in mice caused spontaneous lung inflammation and fibrosis. However, the role and function of endothelial miR-155 and SHIP-1 in lung fibrosis remain unknown. Using whole-body miR-155 knockout mice and endothelial cell-specific conditional miR-155 (VEC-Cre-miR-155 or VEC-miR-155) or SHIP-1 (VEC-SHIP-1) knockout mice, we assessed endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndoMT) and fibrotic responses in bleomycin (BLM) induced lung fibrosis models. Primary mouse lung endothelial cells (MLEC) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) with SHIP-1 knockdown were analyzed in TGF-β1 or BLM, respectively, induced fibrotic responses. Fibrosis and EndoMT were significantly reduced in miR-155KO mice and changes in EndoMT markers in MLEC after TGF-β1 stimulation confirmed the in vivo findings. Furthermore, lung fibrosis and EndoMT responses were reduced in VEC-miR-155 mice but significantly enhanced in VEC-SHIP-1 mice after BLM challenge. SHIP-1 knockdown in HUVEC cells resulted in enhanced EndoMT induced by BLM. Meanwhile, these changes involved the PI3K/AKT, JAK/STAT3, and SMAD/STAT signaling pathways. These studies demonstrate that endothelial miR-155 plays an important role in fibrotic responses in the lung through EndoMT. Endothelial SHIP-1 is essential in controlling fibrotic responses and SHIP-1 is a target of miR-155. Endothelial cells are an integral part in lung fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiying Tang
- Section of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jingwei Mao
- Section of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xujun Ye
- Section of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Fengrui Zhang
- Section of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - William G Kerr
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Tao Zheng
- Section of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University Warren Alpert Medical School, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Zhou Zhu
- Section of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University Warren Alpert Medical School, Providence, RI, USA
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72
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Gupta P, Sharma Y, Viswanathan P, Gupta S. Cellular cytokine receptor signaling and ATM pathway intersections affect hepatic DNA repair. Cytokine 2019; 127:154946. [PMID: 31837586 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2019.154946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Pathways involving ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) gene and its downstream partners and effectors are critical for the DNA damage response. Cell survival, proliferation and tissue homeostasis are dependent upon preservation of DNA integrity but additional intracellular mechanisms contribute in these processes. As receptor-mediated signaling with beneficial intersections in ATM pathways could have therapeutic significance, we interrogated such intersections with assays using HuH-7 cells (hepatocytes). These cells were subjected to acetaminophen toxicity, which is a leading cause of hepatic injury and acute liver failure in people. The ATM pathway was examined in HuH-7-ATM-Prom-tdT cells containing fluorescent td-Tomato transgene reporter for ATM promoter activity. Titrated doses of specific growth factors were used as ligands for receptor-mediated signaling. The contribution of JAK/STAT3 signaling was defined by the loss-of-function approach with the JAK antagonist, ruxolitinib. In these assays, impairment in ATM-related DNA damage response following acetaminophen toxicity was ameliorated by selected growth factors, including fibroblast growth factors, granulocyte colony stimulating factor and vascular endothelial growth factor. The JAK/STAT3 signaling was exclusive to granulocyte colony stimulating factor but concerned additional pathways in cases of other growth factors. Antagonism of JAK/STAT3 by ruxolitinib abrogated benefits in ATM pathway-mediated DNA repair; and identification of the ruxolitinib-sensitive component of cytoprotection allowed separations of these pathway intersections. Therefore, this subtractive approach for ATM and other regulators in pathways will be informative for DNA damage response. These mechanisms will benefit therapeutic development for ATM-related tissue and organ injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Gupta
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx 10461, NY, USA
| | - Yogeshwar Sharma
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx 10461, NY, USA
| | - Preeti Viswanathan
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Children's Hospital at Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx 10461, NY, USA
| | - Sanjeev Gupta
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx 10461, NY, USA; Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx 10461, NY, USA; Marion Bessin Liver Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx 10461, NY, USA; Diabetes Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx 10461, NY, USA; Irwin S. and Sylvia Chanin Institute for Cancer Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx 10461, NY, USA; Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx 10461, NY, USA.
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73
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Zhang XJ, Olsavszky V, Yin Y, Wang B, Engleitner T, Öllinger R, Schledzewski K, Koch PS, Rad R, Schmid RM, Friess H, Goerdt S, Hüser N, Géraud C, von Figura G, Hartmann D. Angiocrine Hepatocyte Growth Factor Signaling Controls Physiological Organ and Body Size and Dynamic Hepatocyte Proliferation to Prevent Liver Damage during Regeneration. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2019; 190:358-371. [PMID: 31783007 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2019.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) control organ functions, metabolism, and development through the secretion of angiokines. LSECs express hepatocyte growth factor (Hgf), which is involved in prenatal development, metabolic homeostasis, and liver regeneration. This study aimed to elucidate the precise contribution of LSEC-derived Hgf in physiological homeostasis and liver regeneration. Stab2-iCretg/wt;Hgffl/fl (HgfΔLSEC) mice were generated to abrogate Hgf expression selectively in LSECs from early fetal development onwards, to study global development, metabolic and endothelial zonation, and organ functions as well as liver regeneration in response to 70% partial hepatectomy (PH). Although zonation and liver/body weight ratios were not altered, total body weight and total liver weight were reduced in HgfΔLSEC. Necrotic organ damage was more marked in HgfΔLSEC mice, and regeneration was delayed 72 hours after PH. This was associated with decreased hepatocyte proliferation at 48 hours after PH. Molecularly, HgfΔLSEC mice showed down-regulation of Hgf/c-Met signaling and decreased expression of Deptor in hepatocytes. In vitro knockdown of Deptor was associated with decreased proliferation. Therefore, angiocrine Hgf controls hepatocyte proliferation and susceptibility to necrosis after partial hepatectomy via the Hgf/c-Met axis involving Deptor to prevent excessive organ damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Jun Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Victor Olsavszky
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology, University Medical Center and Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Center of Excellence in Dermatology, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Yuhan Yin
- Department of Surgery, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
| | - Baocai Wang
- Department of Surgery, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Engleitner
- Translatum Cancer Center, and Department of Medicine II, Institute of Molecular Oncology and Functional Genomics, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
| | - Rupert Öllinger
- Translatum Cancer Center, and Department of Medicine II, Institute of Molecular Oncology and Functional Genomics, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
| | - Kai Schledzewski
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology, University Medical Center and Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Center of Excellence in Dermatology, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Philipp-Sebastian Koch
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology, University Medical Center and Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Center of Excellence in Dermatology, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Roland Rad
- Translatum Cancer Center, and Department of Medicine II, Institute of Molecular Oncology and Functional Genomics, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
| | - Roland M Schmid
- II: Medical Clinic and Policlinic, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
| | - Helmut Friess
- Department of Surgery, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
| | - Sergij Goerdt
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology, University Medical Center and Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Center of Excellence in Dermatology, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Norbert Hüser
- Department of Surgery, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
| | - Cyrill Géraud
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology, University Medical Center and Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Center of Excellence in Dermatology, Mannheim, Germany; Section of Clinical and Molecular Dermatology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; European Center for Angioscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Guido von Figura
- II: Medical Clinic and Policlinic, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Hartmann
- Department of Surgery, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany.
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74
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Mammoto A, Mammoto T. Vascular Niche in Lung Alveolar Development, Homeostasis, and Regeneration. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2019; 7:318. [PMID: 31781555 PMCID: PMC6861452 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) constitute small capillary blood vessels and contribute to delivery of nutrients, oxygen and cellular components to the local tissues, as well as to removal of carbon dioxide and waste products from the tissues. Besides these fundamental functions, accumulating evidence indicates that capillary ECs form the vascular niche. In the vascular niche, ECs reciprocally crosstalk with resident cells such as epithelial cells, mesenchymal cells, and immune cells to regulate development, homeostasis, and regeneration in various organs. Capillary ECs supply paracrine factors, called angiocrine factors, to the adjacent cells in the niche and orchestrate these processes. Although the vascular niche is anatomically and functionally well-characterized in several organs such as bone marrow and neurons, the effects of endothelial signals on other resident cells and anatomy of the vascular niche in the lung have not been well-explored. This review discusses the role of alveolar capillary ECs in the vascular niche during development, homeostasis and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Mammoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States.,Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Tadanori Mammoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
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75
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Chung KP, Hsu CL, Fan LC, Huang Z, Bhatia D, Chen YJ, Hisata S, Cho SJ, Nakahira K, Imamura M, Choi ME, Yu CJ, Cloonan SM, Choi AMK. Mitofusins regulate lipid metabolism to mediate the development of lung fibrosis. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3390. [PMID: 31358769 PMCID: PMC6662701 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11327-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence illustrates a fundamental role for mitochondria in lung alveolar type 2 epithelial cell (AEC2) dysfunction in the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. However, the role of mitochondrial fusion in AEC2 function and lung fibrosis development remains unknown. Here we report that the absence of the mitochondrial fusion proteins mitofusin1 (MFN1) and mitofusin2 (MFN2) in murine AEC2 cells leads to morbidity and mortality associated with spontaneous lung fibrosis. We uncover a crucial role for MFN1 and MFN2 in the production of surfactant lipids with MFN1 and MFN2 regulating the synthesis of phospholipids and cholesterol in AEC2 cells. Loss of MFN1, MFN2 or inhibiting lipid synthesis via fatty acid synthase deficiency in AEC2 cells exacerbates bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis. We propose a tenet that mitochondrial fusion and lipid metabolism are tightly linked to regulate AEC2 cell injury and subsequent fibrotic remodeling in the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuei-Pin Chung
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University Cancer Center, Taipei, 10002, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10051, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Lang Hsu
- Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, 10002, Taiwan
| | - Li-Chao Fan
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Ziling Huang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Divya Bhatia
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Yi-Jung Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, 10002, Taiwan
| | - Shu Hisata
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Soo Jung Cho
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Kiichi Nakahira
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Mitsuru Imamura
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Mary E Choi
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA.,New York Presbyterian Hospital-Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Chong-Jen Yu
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10051, Taiwan
| | - Suzanne M Cloonan
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Augustine M K Choi
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA. .,New York Presbyterian Hospital-Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY, 10021, USA.
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76
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Luo J, Zhang P, Zhao T, Jia M, Yin P, Li W, Zhang ZR, Fu Y, Gong T. Golgi Apparatus-Targeted Chondroitin-Modified Nanomicelles Suppress Hepatic Stellate Cell Activation for the Management of Liver Fibrosis. ACS NANO 2019; 13:3910-3923. [PMID: 30938986 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b06924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a serious liver disease associated with high morbidity and mortality. The activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and the overproduction of extracellular matrix proteins are key features during disease progression. In this work, chondroitin sulfate nanomicelles (CSmicelles) were developed as a delivery system targeting HSCs for the treatment of liver fibrosis. CS-deoxycholic acid conjugates (CS-DOCA) were synthesized via amide bond formation. Next, retinoic acid (RA) and doxorubicin (DOX) were encapsulated into CSmicells to afford a DOX+RA-CSmicelles codelivery system. CSmicelles were selectively taken up in activated HSCs and hepatoma (HepG2) cells other than in normal hepatocytes (LO2), the internalization of which was proven to be mediated by CD44 receptors. Interestingly, DOX+RA-CSmicelles preferentially accumulated in the Golgi apparatus, destroyed the Golgi structure, and ultimately downregulated collagen I production. Following tail-vein injection, DOX+RA-CSmicelles were delivered to the cirrhotic liver and showed synergistic antifibrosis effects in the CCl4-induced fibrotic rat model. Further, immunofluorescence staining of dissected liver tissues revealed CD44-specific delivery of CS derivatives to activated HSCs. Together, our results demonstrate the great potential of CS based carrier systems for the targeted treatment of chronic liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Luo
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064 , China
| | - Pei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064 , China
| | - Ting Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064 , China
| | - Mengdi Jia
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064 , China
| | - Peng Yin
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064 , China
| | - Wenhao Li
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064 , China
| | - Zhi-Rong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064 , China
| | - Yao Fu
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064 , China
| | - Tao Gong
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064 , China
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77
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Abstract
In this review, Leach and Morrisey focus on lung regeneration to explore the importance of facultative regeneration controlled by functional and differentiated cell lineages as well as how they are positioned and regulated by distinct tissue niches. Tissue regeneration involves various types of cellular and molecular responses depending on the type of tissue and the injury or disease that is inflicted. While many tissues contain dedicated stem/progenitor cell lineages, many others contain cells that, during homeostasis, are considered physiologically functional and fully differentiated but, after injury or in disease states, exhibit stem/progenitor-like activity. Recent identification of subsets of defined cell types as facultative stem/progenitor cells has led to a re-examination of how certain tissues respond to injury to mount a regenerative response. In this review, we focus on lung regeneration to explore the importance of facultative regeneration controlled by functional and differentiated cell lineages as well as how they are positioned and regulated by distinct tissue niches. Additionally, we discuss the molecular signals to which cells respond in their differentiated state during homeostasis and those signals that promote effective regeneration of damaged or lost cells and structures after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Leach
- Department of Medicine, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Penn Center for Pulmonary Biology, Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Penn Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Edward E Morrisey
- Department of Medicine, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Penn Center for Pulmonary Biology, Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Penn Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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78
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Yadav N, Jaber FL, Sharma Y, Gupta P, Viswanathan P, Gupta S. Efficient Reconstitution of Hepatic Microvasculature by Endothelin Receptor Antagonism in Liver Sinusoidal Endothelial Cells. Hum Gene Ther 2018; 30:365-377. [PMID: 30266073 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2018.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Reconstitution of healthy endothelial cells in vascular beds offers opportunities for mechanisms in tissue homeostasis, organ regeneration, and correction of deficient functions. Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells express unique functions, and their transplantation is relevant for disease models and for cell therapy. As molecular targets for improving transplanted cell engraftment and proliferation will be highly significant, this study determined whether ETA/B receptor antagonism by the drug bosentan could overcome cell losses due to cell transplantation-induced cytotoxicity. Cell engraftment and proliferation assays were performed with healthy wild-type liver sinusoidal endothelial cells transplanted into the liver of dipeptidylpeptidase IV knockout mice. Transplanted cells were identified in tissues by enzyme histochemistry. Cells with prospective ETA/B antagonism engrafted significantly better in hepatic sinusoids. Moreover, these cells underwent multiple rounds of division under liver repopulation conditions. The gains of ETA/B antagonism resulted from benefits in cell viability and membrane integrity. Also, in bosentan-treated cells, mitochondrial homeostasis was better maintained with less oxidative stress and DNA damage after injuries. Intracellular effects of ETA/B antagonism were transduced by conservation of ataxia telangiectasia mutated protein, which directs DNA damage response. Therefore, ETA/B antagonism in donor cells will advance vascular reconstitution. Extensive experience with ETA/B antagonists will facilitate translation in people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelam Yadav
- 1 Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York.,2 Department of Biochemistry, Dr. RML Avadh University, Faizabad, India
| | - Fadi Luc Jaber
- 1 Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Yogeshwar Sharma
- 1 Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Priya Gupta
- 1 Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Preeti Viswanathan
- 3 Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Bronx, New York
| | - Sanjeev Gupta
- 1 Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York.,4 Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York.,5 Marion Bessin Liver Research Center, Diabetes Center, Irwin S. and Sylvia Chanin Institute for Cancer Research, and Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
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79
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Wohlfeil SA, Häfele V, Dietsch B, Schledzewski K, Winkler M, Zierow J, Leibing T, Mohammadi MM, Heineke J, Sticht C, Olsavszky V, Koch PS, Géraud C, Goerdt S. Hepatic Endothelial Notch Activation Protects against Liver Metastasis by Regulating Endothelial-Tumor Cell Adhesion Independent of Angiocrine Signaling. Cancer Res 2018; 79:598-610. [PMID: 30530502 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-1752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The interaction of tumor cells with organ-specific endothelial cells (EC) is an important step during metastatic progression. Notch signaling in organ-specific niches has been implicated in mediating opposing effects on organotropic metastasis to the lungs and the liver, respectively. In this study, we scrutinized the role of endothelial Notch activation during liver metastasis. To target hepatic EC (HEC), a novel EC subtype-specific Cre driver mouse was generated. Clec4g-Cretg/wt mice were crossed to Rosa26N1ICD-IRES-GFP to enhance Notch signaling in HEC (NICDOE-HEC). In NICDOE-HEC mice, hepatic metastasis of malignant melanoma and colorectal carcinoma was significantly reduced. These mice revealed reduced liver growth and impaired metabolic zonation due to suppression of hepatic angiocrine Wnt signaling. Hepatic metastasis, however, was not controlled by angiocrine Wnt signaling, as deficiency of the Wnt cargo receptor Wls in HEC of WlsHEC-KO mice did not affect hepatic metastasis. In contrast, the hepatic microvasculature in NICDOE-HEC mice revealed a special form of sinusoidal capillarization, with effacement of endothelial zonation functionally paralleled by reduced tumor cell adhesion in vivo. Notably, expression of endothelial adhesion molecule ICAM1 by HEC was significantly reduced. Treatment with an anti-ICAM1 antibody significantly inhibited tumor cell adhesion to HEC in wild-type mice confirming that Notch controls hepatic metastasis via modulation of HEC adhesion molecules. As endothelial Notch activation in the lung has been shown to promote lung metastasis, tumor therapy will require approaches that target Notch in an organ-, cell type-, and context-specific manner. SIGNIFICANCE: Manipulation of Notch signaling in the endothelium has opposing, organ-specific effects on metastasis to the lung and the liver, demonstrating that this pathway should be targeted in a cell- and context-specific fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian A Wohlfeil
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology, University Medical Center and Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, and Center of Excellence in Dermatology, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Verena Häfele
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology, University Medical Center and Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, and Center of Excellence in Dermatology, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Bianca Dietsch
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology, University Medical Center and Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, and Center of Excellence in Dermatology, Mannheim, Germany.,Section of Clinical and Molecular Dermatology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Kai Schledzewski
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology, University Medical Center and Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, and Center of Excellence in Dermatology, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Manuel Winkler
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology, University Medical Center and Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, and Center of Excellence in Dermatology, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Johanna Zierow
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology, University Medical Center and Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, and Center of Excellence in Dermatology, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Thomas Leibing
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology, University Medical Center and Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, and Center of Excellence in Dermatology, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Mona Malek Mohammadi
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, European Center for Angioscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Mannheim/Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Joerg Heineke
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, European Center for Angioscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Mannheim/Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carsten Sticht
- Center for Medical Research, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Victor Olsavszky
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology, University Medical Center and Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, and Center of Excellence in Dermatology, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Philipp-Sebastian Koch
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology, University Medical Center and Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, and Center of Excellence in Dermatology, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Cyrill Géraud
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology, University Medical Center and Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, and Center of Excellence in Dermatology, Mannheim, Germany. .,Section of Clinical and Molecular Dermatology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,European Center for Angioscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Sergij Goerdt
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology, University Medical Center and Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, and Center of Excellence in Dermatology, Mannheim, Germany.,European Center for Angioscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
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80
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Lei AH, Xiao Q, Liu GY, Shi K, Yang Q, Li X, Liu YF, Wang HK, Cai WP, Guan YJ, Gabrilovich DI, Zhou J. ICAM-1 controls development and function of ILC2. J Exp Med 2018; 215:2157-2174. [PMID: 30049704 PMCID: PMC6080904 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20172359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
ILC2s are key players in allergic airway inflammation. Lei et al. show that ICAM-1 controls ILC2 development and function through regulating ERK signaling pathway, suggesting targeting ICAM-1 as a potential strategy for ILC2-induced asthma. Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are emerging as key players in the pathogenesis of allergic airway inflammation. The mechanisms regulating ILC2, however, are not fully understood. Here, we found that ICAM-1 is required for the development and function of ILC2. ICAM-1–deficient (ICAM-1−/−) mice displayed significantly lower levels of ILC2s in the bone marrow and peripheral tissues than wild-type controls. CLP transfer and in vitro culture assays revealed that the regulation of ILC2 by ICAM-1 is cell intrinsic. Furthermore, ILC2s from ICAM-1−/− mice were functionally impaired, as indicated by the diminished production of type-2 cytokines in response to IL-33 challenge. The reduction in lung ILC2s caused a clear remission of airway inflammation in ICAM-1−/− mice after administration of papain or Alternaria alternata. We further demonstrate that ILC2 defects caused by ICAM-1 deficiency are due to ERK signaling-dependent down-regulation of GATA3 protein. Collectively, these observations identify ICAM-1 as a novel regulator of ILC2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Hua Lei
- Joint Program in Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiang Xiao
- Joint Program in Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gao-Yu Liu
- Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kun Shi
- Department of Gynecology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiong Yang
- Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xing Li
- Department of Medical Oncology and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Feng Liu
- Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hai-Kun Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | | | | | - Dmitry I Gabrilovich
- Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Chinese Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Joint Program in Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China .,Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Chinese Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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81
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Mortezaee K. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase (NOX) and liver fibrosis: A review. Cell Biochem Funct 2018; 36:292-302. [PMID: 30028028 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases (NOXs) are key producer of reactive oxygen species in liver cells. Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and Kupffer cells (KCs) are the two key cells for expression of NOX in liver. KCs produce only NOX2, while HSCs produce NOX1, 2, and 4, all of which play essential roles in the process of fibrogenesis within liver. These NOX subtypes are contributed to induction of liver fibrosis by acting through multiple pathways including induction of HSC activation, proliferation, survival and migration, stimulation of hepatocyte apoptosis, enhancement of fibrogenic mediators, and mediation of an inflammatory cascade in both KCs and HSCs. SIGNIFICANCE KCs and HSCs are two key cells for production of NOX in liver in relation to the pathology of liver fibrosis. NOX subtypes 1, 2, and 4 are inducers of fibrogenesis in liver. NOX activation favors hepatocyte apoptosis, HSC activation, and KC-mediated inflammatory cascade in liver, all of which are responsible for generation of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keywan Mortezaee
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
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82
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Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme are mortifying brain tumors that contain a subpopulation of tumor cells with stem-like properties, termed as glioblastoma stem-like cells (GSCs). These GSCs constitute an autonomous reservoir of aberrant cells able to initiate, maintain, and repopulate the tumor mass. A new therapeutic strategy would consist of targeting the GSC population. The GSCs are situated in perivascular niches, closely associated with brain microvascular endothelial cells thereby involved in bidirectional molecular and cellular interactions. In this scenario, the endothelium not only supplies oxygen and necessary nutrients but also seeds a protective microenvironment for tumor growth. Although GSC fate, plasticity, and survival are regulated by external cues emanating from endothelial cells, the nature of such angiocrine signals remains unknown. Our laboratory conclusively demonstrated that brain endothelial cells positively control the expansion of GSCs.1 Notably, we found that GSCs are addicted to the hormonal peptide apelin (APLN) secreted by surrounding endothelial cells, and identified the APLN/APLNR nexus as a promising druggable network in glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Harford-Wright
- CRCINA, Team SOAP, Inserm, CNRS, Université de Nantes, Université d'Angers, Nantes, France.,MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Julie Gavard
- CRCINA, Team SOAP, Inserm, CNRS, Université de Nantes, Université d'Angers, Nantes, France.,Institut de Cancerologie de l'Ouest, Rene Gauducheau, Saint-Herblain, France
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83
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Ferrarelli LK. Papers of note in
Science Translational Medicine
9
(405). Sci Signal 2017. [DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aap8365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
This week’s articles describe how the immune system in some children is better able to cope with dengue virus infection; how targeting a specific population of monocytes may relieve persistent inflammation associated with HIV infection; and how targeting the vascular niche may suppress fibrosis around lung and liver engraftments.
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