51
|
Sun K, Chen Y, Niu Q, Zhu W, Wang B, Li P, Ge X. An exopolysaccharide isolated from a coral-associated fungus and its sulfated derivative activates macrophages. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 82:387-94. [PMID: 26546867 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A coral-associated fungus Penicillium sp.gxwz446 that produced exopolysaccharde was isolated from the coral Echinogorgia flora in South China. Two neutral exopolysaccharides GX1-1 and GX2-1 were obtained from the fermented broth of the fungus and purified by anion-exchange and gel-permeation chromatography. Chemical and spectroscopic analyses showed that GX1-1 was a glucan, primarily composed of glucose, with a molecular weight of 5.0 kDa. GX1-1 mainly consists of (1→4)-linked α-d-glucopyranose units as the backbone, substituted at C-2 with a single α-d-glucopyranose on every sixth sugar residues. GX2-1 was a galactofuranose-containing mannogalactoglucan with a molecular weight of 9.5 kDa. The main linkages were composed of (1→4)-β-d-Glcp, (1→5)-β-d-Galf, (1→3,5)-β-d-Galf, (1→6)-α-d-Manp and (1→2, 6)-α-d-Manp. GX1-1 showed RAW264.7 macrophage activation activity. After subjecting GX1-1 to sulfated modification, there was about one sulfate substitution on every sugar ring, primarily at O-6. The sulfated derivative of GX1-1 exhibited a more significant ability to promote the pinocytic activity of RAW264.7 cells and induce the production of NO.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kunlai Sun
- College of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, 1 South Haida Road, Zhoushan 316000, PR China; Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products, 1 South Haida Road, Zhoushan 316000, PR China
| | - Yin Chen
- College of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, 1 South Haida Road, Zhoushan 316000, PR China.
| | - Qingfeng Niu
- College of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, 1 South Haida Road, Zhoushan 316000, PR China
| | - Weiming Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Bin Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products, 1 South Haida Road, Zhoushan 316000, PR China
| | - Peipei Li
- Zhejiang Mariculture Research Institute, 28 Tiyu Road, Zhoushan 316000, PR China
| | - Xuejun Ge
- College of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, 1 South Haida Road, Zhoushan 316000, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Meng X, Pijning T, Dobruchowska JM, Gerwig GJ, Dijkhuizen L. Characterization of the Functional Roles of Amino Acid Residues in Acceptor-binding Subsite +1 in the Active Site of the Glucansucrase GTF180 from Lactobacillus reuteri 180. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:30131-41. [PMID: 26507662 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.687558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
α-Glucans produced by glucansucrase enzymes hold strong potential for industrial applications. The exact determinants of the linkage specificity of glucansucrase enzymes have remained largely unknown, even with the recent elucidation of glucansucrase crystal structures. Guided by the crystal structure of glucansucrase GTF180-ΔN from Lactobacillus reuteri 180 in complex with the acceptor substrate maltose, we identified several residues (Asp-1028 and Asn-1029 from domain A, as well as Leu-938, Ala-978, and Leu-981 from domain B) near subsite +1 that may be critical for linkage specificity determination, and we investigated these by random site-directed mutagenesis. First, mutants of Ala-978 (to Leu, Pro, Phe, or Tyr) and Asp-1028 (to Tyr or Trp) with larger side chains showed reduced degrees of branching, likely due to the steric hindrance by these bulky residues. Second, Leu-938 mutants (except L938F) and Asp-1028 mutants showed altered linkage specificity, mostly with increased (α1 → 6) linkage synthesis. Third, mutation of Leu-981 and Asn-1029 significantly affected the transglycosylation reaction, indicating their essential roles in acceptor substrate binding. In conclusion, glucansucrase product specificity is determined by an interplay of domain A and B residues surrounding the acceptor substrate binding groove. Residues surrounding the +1 subsite thus are critical for activity and specificity of the GTF180 enzyme and play different roles in the enzyme functions. This study provides novel insights into the structure-function relationships of glucansucrase enzymes and clearly shows the potential of enzyme engineering to produce tailor-made α-glucans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tjaard Pijning
- Biophysical Chemistry, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
53
|
Torino MI, Font de Valdez G, Mozzi F. Biopolymers from lactic acid bacteria. Novel applications in foods and beverages. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:834. [PMID: 26441845 PMCID: PMC4566036 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are microorganisms widely used in the fermented food industry worldwide. Certain LAB are able to produce exopolysaccharides (EPS) either attached to the cell wall (capsular EPS) or released to the extracellular environment (EPS). According to their composition, LAB may synthesize heteropolysaccharides or homopolysaccharides. A wide diversity of EPS are produced by LAB concerning their monomer composition, molecular mass, and structure. Although EPS-producing LAB strains have been traditionally applied in the manufacture of dairy products such as fermented milks and yogurts, their use in the elaboration of low-fat cheeses, diverse type of sourdough breads, and certain beverages are some of the novel applications of these polymers. This work aims to collect the most relevant issues of the former reviews concerning the monomer composition, structure, and yields and biosynthetic enzymes of EPS from LAB; to describe the recently characterized EPS and to present the application of both EPS-producing strains and their polymers in the fermented (specifically beverages and cereal-based) food industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María I. Torino
- Technology Department, Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos – Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, San Miguel de TucumánArgentina
| | | | - Fernanda Mozzi
- Technology Department, Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos – Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, San Miguel de TucumánArgentina
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
An Exopolysaccharide-Deficient Mutant of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG Efficiently Displays a Protective Llama Antibody Fragment against Rotavirus on Its Surface. Appl Environ Microbiol 2015; 81:5784-93. [PMID: 26092449 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00945-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Rotavirus is the leading cause of infantile diarrhea in developing countries, where it causes a high number of deaths among infants. Two vaccines are available, being highly effective in developed countries although markedly less efficient in developing countries. As a complementary treatment to the vaccines, a Lactobacillus strain producing an anti-rotavirus antibody fragment in the gastrointestinal tract could potentially be used. In order to develop such an alternative therapy, the effectiveness of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG to produce and display a VHH antibody fragment (referred to as anti-rotavirus protein 1 [ARP1]) on the surface was investigated. L. rhamnosus GG is one of the best-characterized probiotic bacteria and has intrinsic antirotavirus activity. Among four L. rhamnosus GG strains [GG (CMC), GG (ATCC 53103), GG (NCC 3003), and GG (UT)] originating from different sources, only GG (UT) was able to display ARP1 on the bacterial surface. The genomic analysis of strain GG (UT) showed that the genes welE and welF of the EPS cluster are inactivated, which causes a defect in exopolysaccharide (EPS) production, allowing efficient display of ARP1 on its surface. Finally, GG (UT) seemed to confer a level of protection against rotavirus-induced diarrhea similar to that of wild-type GG (NCC 3003) in a mouse pup model, indicating that the EPS may not be involved in the intrinsic antirotavirus activity. Most important, GG (EM233), a derivative of GG (UT) producing ARP1, was significantly more protective than the control strain L. casei BL23.
Collapse
|
55
|
Fguiri I, Ziadi M, Atigui M, Ayeb N, Arroum S, Assadi M, Khorchani T. Isolation and characterisation of lactic acid bacteria strains from raw camel milk for potential use in the production of fermented Tunisian dairy products. INT J DAIRY TECHNOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0307.12226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Imen Fguiri
- Laboratory of livestock and Wild life Institute of Arid lands (IRA Medenine); 4119 Médenine Tunisia
| | - Manel Ziadi
- Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Technology (LETMi); National Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology (INSAT); BP 876 1080 Tunis Tunisia
| | - Moufida Atigui
- Laboratory of livestock and Wild life Institute of Arid lands (IRA Medenine); 4119 Médenine Tunisia
| | - Naziha Ayeb
- Laboratory of livestock and Wild life Institute of Arid lands (IRA Medenine); 4119 Médenine Tunisia
| | - Samira Arroum
- Laboratory of livestock and Wild life Institute of Arid lands (IRA Medenine); 4119 Médenine Tunisia
| | - Mouna Assadi
- Laboratory of livestock and Wild life Institute of Arid lands (IRA Medenine); 4119 Médenine Tunisia
| | - Touhami Khorchani
- Laboratory of livestock and Wild life Institute of Arid lands (IRA Medenine); 4119 Médenine Tunisia
| |
Collapse
|
56
|
Malik A, Hapsari MT, Ohtsu I, Ishikawa S, Takagi H. Cloning and heterologous expression of the ftfCNC-2(1) gene from Weissella confusa MBFCNC-2(1) as an extracellular active fructansucrase in Bacillus subtilis. J Biosci Bioeng 2015; 119:515-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2014.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2014] [Revised: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/27/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
57
|
Batool R, Yrjälä K, Shaukat K, Jamil N, Hasnain S. Production of EPS under Cr(VI) challenge in two indigenous bacteria isolated from a tannery effluent. J Basic Microbiol 2015; 55:1064-74. [DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201400885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Revised: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rida Batool
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics; Quaid-e-Azam Campus; University of the Punjab; Lahore Pakistan
- Department of Biosciences; MEM-Group; University of Helsinki; Finland
| | - Kim Yrjälä
- Department of Biosciences; MEM-Group; University of Helsinki; Finland
| | - Kamran Shaukat
- Department of Applied Sciences; University of Huddersfield; United Kingdom
| | - Nazia Jamil
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics; Quaid-e-Azam Campus; University of the Punjab; Lahore Pakistan
| | - Shahida Hasnain
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics; Quaid-e-Azam Campus; University of the Punjab; Lahore Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Differential Metabolism of Exopolysaccharides from Probiotic Lactobacilli by the Human Gut Symbiont Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron. Appl Environ Microbiol 2015; 81:3973-83. [PMID: 25841008 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00149-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Probiotic microorganisms are ingested as food or supplements and impart positive health benefits to consumers. Previous studies have indicated that probiotics transiently reside in the gastrointestinal tract and, in addition to modulating commensal species diversity, increase the expression of genes for carbohydrate metabolism in resident commensal bacterial species. In this study, it is demonstrated that the human gut commensal species Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron efficiently metabolizes fructan exopolysaccharide (EPS) synthesized by probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri strain 121 while only partially degrading reuteran and isomalto/malto-polysaccharide (IMMP) α-glucan EPS polymers. B. thetaiotaomicron metabolized these EPS molecules via the activation of enzymes and transport systems encoded by dedicated polysaccharide utilization loci specific for β-fructans and α-glucans. Reduced metabolism of reuteran and IMMP α-glucan EPS molecules may be due to reduced substrate binding by components of the starch utilization system (sus). This study reveals that microbial EPS substrates activate genes for carbohydrate metabolism in B. thetaiotaomicron and suggests that microbially derived carbohydrates provide a carbohydrate-rich reservoir for B. thetaiotaomicron nutrient acquisition in the gastrointestinal tract.
Collapse
|
59
|
Meng X, Dobruchowska JM, Pijning T, Gerwig GJ, Kamerling JP, Dijkhuizen L. Truncation of domain V of the multidomain glucansucrase GTF180 of Lactobacillus reuteri 180 heavily impairs its polysaccharide-synthesizing ability. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:5885-94. [PMID: 25586581 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-6361-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Revised: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Glucansucrases are exclusively found in lactic acid bacteria and synthesize a variety of α-glucans from sucrose. They are large multidomain enzymes belonging to the CAZy family 70 of glycoside hydrolase enzymes (GH70). The crystal structure of the N-terminal truncated GTF180 of Lactobacillus reuteri 180 (GTF180-ΔN) revealed that the polypeptide chain follows a U shape course to form five domains, including domains A, B, and C, which resemble those of family GH13 enzymes, and two extra and novel domains (domains IV and V), which are attached to the catalytic core. To elucidate the functional roles of domain V, we have deleted the domain V fragments from both the N- and C-terminal ends (GTF180-ΔNΔV). Truncation of domain V of GTF180-ΔN yielded a catalytically fully active enzyme but with heavily impaired polysaccharide synthesis ability. Instead, GTF180-ΔNΔV produced a large amount of oligosaccharides. Domain V is not involved in determining the linkage specificity, and the size of polysaccharide produced as the polysaccharide produced by GTF180-ΔNΔV was identical in size and structure with that of GTF180-ΔN. The data indicates that GTF180-ΔNΔV acts nonprocessively, frequently initiating synthesis of a new oligosaccharide from sucrose, instead of continuing the synthesis of a full size polysaccharide. Mutations L940E and L940F in GTF180-ΔNΔV, which are involved in the acceptor substrate binding, restored polysaccharide synthesis almost to the level of GTF180-ΔN. These results demonstrated that interactions of growing glucan chains with both domain V and acceptor substrate binding sites are important for polysaccharide synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangfeng Meng
- Microbial Physiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747, AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
60
|
Vignesh V, Sathiyanarayanan G, Sathishkumar G, Parthiban K, Sathish-Kumar K, Thirumurugan R. Formulation of iron oxide nanoparticles using exopolysaccharide: evaluation of their antibacterial and anticancer activities. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra03134f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Formulation of FeONPs using bacterial exopolysaccharide and their significance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Venkatasamy Vignesh
- Laboratory of Aquabiotics/Nanoscience
- Department of Animal Science
- School of Life Sciences
- Bharathidasan University
- Tiruchirappalli-620024
| | - Ganesan Sathiyanarayanan
- Department of Plant Science
- School of Life Sciences
- Bharathidasan University
- Tiruchirappalli-620024
- India
| | - Gnanasekar Sathishkumar
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering
- School of Life Sciences
- Bharathidasan University
- Tiruchirappalli-620024
- India
| | - Karuppaiah Parthiban
- Laboratory of Aquabiotics/Nanoscience
- Department of Animal Science
- School of Life Sciences
- Bharathidasan University
- Tiruchirappalli-620024
| | | | - Ramasamy Thirumurugan
- Laboratory of Aquabiotics/Nanoscience
- Department of Animal Science
- School of Life Sciences
- Bharathidasan University
- Tiruchirappalli-620024
| |
Collapse
|
61
|
Meng X, Dobruchowska JM, Pijning T, López CA, Kamerling JP, Dijkhuizen L. Residue Leu940 has a crucial role in the linkage and reaction specificity of the glucansucrase GTF180 of the probiotic bacterium Lactobacillus reuteri 180. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:32773-82. [PMID: 25288798 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.602524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Highly conserved glycoside hydrolase family 70 glucansucrases are able to catalyze the synthesis of α-glucans with different structure from sucrose. The structural determinants of glucansucrase specificity have remained unclear. Residue Leu(940) in domain B of GTF180, the glucansucrase of the probiotic bacterium Lactobacillus reuteri 180, was shown to vary in different glucansucrases and is close to the +1 glucosyl unit in the crystal structure of GTF180-ΔN in complex with maltose. Herein, we show that mutations in Leu(940) of wild-type GTF180-ΔN all caused an increased percentage of (α1→6) linkages and a decreased percentage of (α1→3) linkages in the products. α-Glucans with potential different physicochemical properties (containing 67-100% of (α1→6) linkages) were produced by GTF180 and its Leu(940) mutants. Mutant L940W was unable to form (α1→3) linkages and synthesized a smaller and linear glucan polysaccharide with only (α1→6) linkages. Docking studies revealed that the introduction of the large aromatic amino acid residue tryptophan at position 940 partially blocked the binding groove, preventing the isomalto-oligosaccharide acceptor to bind in an favorable orientation for the formation of (α1→3) linkages. Our data showed that the reaction specificity of GTF180 mutant was shifted either to increased polysaccharide synthesis (L940A, L940S, L940E, and L940F) or increased oligosaccharide synthesis (L940W). The L940W mutant is capable of producing a large amount of isomalto-oligosaccharides using released glucose from sucrose as acceptors. Thus, residue Leu(940) in domain B is crucial for linkage and reaction specificity of GTF180. This study provides clear and novel insights into the structure-function relationships of glucansucrase enzymes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tjaard Pijning
- Biophysical Chemistry, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Cesar A López
- Biophysical Chemistry, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
62
|
Potential of novel dextran oligosaccharides as prebiotics for obesity management through in vitro experimentation. Br J Nutr 2014; 112:1303-14. [PMID: 25196744 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114514002177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The energy-salvaging capacity of the gut microbiota from dietary ingredients has been proposed as a contributing factor for the development of obesity. This knowledge generated interest in the use of non-digestible dietary ingredients such as prebiotics to manipulate host energy homeostasis. In the present study, the in vitro response of obese human faecal microbiota to novel oligosaccharides was investigated. Dextrans of various molecular weights and degrees of branching were fermented with the faecal microbiota of healthy obese adults in pH-controlled batch cultures. Changes in bacterial populations were monitored using fluorescent in situ hybridisation and SCFA concentrations were analysed by HPLC. The rate of gas production and total volume of gas produced were also determined. In general, the novel dextrans and inulin increased the counts of bifidobacteria. Some of the dextrans were able to alter the composition of the obese human microbiota by increasing the counts of Bacteroides-Prevotella and decreasing those of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Ruminococcus bromii/R. flavefaciens. Considerable increases in SCFA concentrations were observed in response to all substrates. Gas production rates were similar during the fermentation of all dextrans, but significantly lower than those during the fermentation of inulin. Lower total gas production and shorter time to attain maximal gas production were observed during the fermentation of the linear 1 kDa dextran than during the fermentation of the other dextrans. The efficacy of bifidobacteria to ferment dextrans relied on the molecular weight and not on the degree of branching. In conclusion, there are no differences in the profiles between the obese and lean human faecal fermentations of dextrans.
Collapse
|
63
|
Han J, Hang F, Guo B, Liu Z, You C, Wu Z. Dextran synthesized by Leuconostoc mesenteroides BD1710 in tomato juice supplemented with sucrose. Carbohydr Polym 2014; 112:556-62. [PMID: 25129781 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Revised: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The characteristics of the growth of Leuconostoc mesenteroides BD1710 and the synthesis of dextran in tomato juice supplemented with 15% sucrose were assayed. L. mesenteroides BD1710 could synthesize approximately 32 g L(-1) dextran in the tomato-juice-sucrose medium when cultured at 28 °C for 48 h, which was on the same level as the dextran yield in a chemically defined medium. The viscosity of the cultured tomato-juice-sucrose medium with various dextran contents was also measured. The results of the monosaccharide composition, molecular-weight distribution, Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra (NMR) showed that the polysaccharide synthesized by L. mesenteroides BD1710 in the tomato-juice-sucrose medium was dextran with a peak molecular weight of 6.35 × 10(5)Da, a linear backbone composed of consecutive α-(1 → 6)-linked d-glucopyranosyl units and approximately 6% α-(1 → 3) branches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Han
- State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Shanghai 200436, China
| | - Feng Hang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Dairy Biotechnology, China
| | - Benheng Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Shanghai 200436, China
| | - Zhenmin Liu
- Dairy Research Institute, Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200436, China
| | - Chunpin You
- State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Shanghai 200436, China
| | - Zhengjun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Shanghai 200436, China.
| |
Collapse
|
64
|
High-throughput assay of levansucrase variants in search of feasible catalysts for the synthesis of fructooligosaccharides and levan. Molecules 2014; 19:8434-55. [PMID: 24955639 PMCID: PMC6271050 DOI: 10.3390/molecules19068434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Revised: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial levansucrases polymerize fructose residues of sucrose to β-2,6 linked fructans—fructooligosaccharides (FOS) and levan. While β-2,1-linked FOS are widely recognized as prebiotics, the health-related effects of β-2,6 linked FOS are scarcely studied as they are not commercially available. Levansucrase Lsc3 (Lsc-3) of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato has very high catalytic activity and stability making it a promising biotechnological catalyst for FOS and levan synthesis. In this study we evaluate feasibility of several high-throughput methods for screening and preliminary characterization of levansucrases using 36 Lsc3 mutants as a test panel. Heterologously expressed and purified His-tagged levansucrase variants were studied for: (1) sucrose-splitting activity; (2) FOS production; (3) ability and kinetics of levan synthesis; (4) thermostability in a Thermofluor assay. Importantly, we show that sucrose-splitting activity as well as the ability to produce FOS can both be evaluated using permeabilized levansucrase-expressing E. coli transformants as catalysts. For the first time we demonstrate the key importance of Trp109, His113, Glu146 and Glu236 for the catalysis of Lsc3. Cost-effective and high-throughput methods presented here are applicable not only in the levansucrase assay, but have a potential to be adapted for high-throughput (automated) study of other enzymes.
Collapse
|
65
|
Siddiqui NN, Aman A, Silipo A, Qader SAU, Molinaro A. Structural analysis and characterization of dextran produced by wild and mutant strains of Leuconostoc mesenteroides. Carbohydr Polym 2013; 99:331-8. [PMID: 24274515 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Revised: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
An exopolysaccharide known as dextran was produced by Leuconostoc mesenteroides KIBGE-IB22 (wild) and L. mesenteroides KIBGE-IB22M20 (mutant). The structure was characterized using FTIR, (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR and 2D NMR spectroscopic techniques, whereas surface morphology was analyzed using SEM. A clear difference in the spectral chemical shift patterns was observed in both samples. All the spectral data indicated that the exopolysaccharide produced by KIBGE-IB22 is a mixture of two biopolymers. One was dextran in α-(1 → 6) configuration with a small proportion of α-(1 → 3) branching and the other was levan containing β-(2 → 6) fructan fructofuranosyl linkages. However, remarkably the mutant only produced dextran without any concomitant production of levan. Study suggested that the property of KIBGE-IB22M20, regarding improved production of high molecular weight dextran in a shorter period of fermentation time without any contamination of other exopolysaccharide, could be employed to make the downstream process more feasible and cost effective on large scale.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadir Naveed Siddiqui
- The Karachi Institute of Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering (KIBGE), University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
66
|
Dobruchowska JM, Meng X, Leemhuis H, Gerwig GJ, Dijkhuizen L, Kamerling JP. Gluco-oligomers initially formed by the reuteransucrase enzyme of Lactobacillus reuteri 121 incubated with sucrose and malto-oligosaccharides. Glycobiology 2013; 23:1084-96. [DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwt048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
|
67
|
Anwar MA, Leemhuis H, Pijning T, Kralj S, Dijkstra BW, Dijkhuizen L. The role of conserved inulosucrase residues in the reaction and product specificity ofLactobacillus reuteriinulosucrase. FEBS J 2012; 279:3612-3621. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2012.08721.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
68
|
Effect of air drying on bacterial viability: A multiparameter viability assessment. J Microbiol Methods 2012; 90:86-95. [PMID: 22575714 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2012.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2012] [Revised: 04/19/2012] [Accepted: 04/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The effect of desiccation on the viability of microorganisms is a question of great interest for a variety of public health questions and industrial applications. Although viability is traditionally assessed by plate counts, cultivation-independent methods are increasingly applied with the aim to gain more insight into why cells might not form colonies and to optimize production processes. To evaluate their usefulness, we applied in this study a multiparameter viability assay to selected bacteria (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus hirae, and Staphylococcus aureus) subjected to air-drying in the absence or presence of supplements. Tests included growth on solid culture medium and the measurement of membrane integrity, membrane potential, esterase and respiratory activities using fluorescent dyes. All measured parameters were responsive to desiccation stress. Results suggested that extending plate count analysis with cultivation-independent methods can greatly enhance resolution especially for moderate stress conditions, which do not get reflected in plate counts due to cellular recovery. Whereas plate counts reflect the final effect on viability, immediate measurement of cellular functions provides a snapshot picture of the fitness status at a specific point in time. Special emphasis was given to MgCl(2) which in concentrations≥50mM dramatically increased the bacterial susceptibility to desiccation in the case of the gram-negative bacteria and to a lesser extent also for the gram-positive bacteria. The study in addition confirmed a good agreement of results obtained with the recently developed real-time viability (RTV) assay and the BacLight LIVE/DEAD method in combination with a fluorescence plate reader.
Collapse
|
69
|
Dutta A, Das D, Goyal A. Purification and characterization of fructan and fructansucrase fromLactobacillus fermentumAKJ15 isolated from Kodo ko jaanr, a fermented beverage from north-eastern Himalayas. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2011; 63:216-24. [PMID: 21942885 DOI: 10.3109/09637486.2011.618826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arijita Dutta
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781 039, Assam, India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
70
|
4,6-α-glucanotransferase, a novel enzyme that structurally and functionally provides an evolutionary link between glycoside hydrolase enzyme families 13 and 70. Appl Environ Microbiol 2011; 77:8154-63. [PMID: 21948833 DOI: 10.1128/aem.05735-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactobacillus reuteri 121 uses the glucosyltransferase A (GTFA) enzyme to convert sucrose into large amounts of the α-D-glucan reuteran, an exopolysaccharide. Upstream of gtfA lies another putative glucansucrase gene, designated gtfB. Previously, we have shown that the purified recombinant GTFB protein/enzyme is inactive with sucrose. Various homologs of gtfB are present in other Lactobacillus strains, including the L. reuteri type strain, DSM 20016, the genome sequence of which is available. Here we report that GTFB is a novel α-glucanotransferase enzyme with disproportionating (cleaving α1→4 and synthesizing α1→6 and α1→4 glycosidic linkages) and α1→6 polymerizing types of activity on maltotetraose and larger maltooligosaccharide substrates (in short, it is a 4,6-α-glucanotransferase). Characterization of the types of compounds synthesized from maltoheptaose by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), methylation analysis, and 1-dimensional ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy revealed that only linear products were made and that with increasing degrees of polymerization (DP), more α1→6 glycosidic linkages were introduced into the final products, ranging from 18% in the incubation mixture to 33% in an enriched fraction. In view of its primary structure, GTFB clearly is a member of the glycoside hydrolase 70 (GH70) family, comprising enzymes with a permuted (β/α)₈ barrel that use sucrose to synthesize α-D-glucan polymers. The GTFB enzyme reaction and product specificities, however, are novel for the GH70 family, resembling those of the GH13 α-amylase type of enzymes in using maltooligosaccharides as substrates but differing in introducing a series of α1→6 glycosidic linkages into linear oligosaccharide products. We conclude that GTFB represents a novel evolutionary intermediate between the GH13 and GH70 enzyme families, and we speculate about its origin.
Collapse
|
71
|
Sarbini SR, Kolida S, Naeye T, Einerhand A, Brison Y, Remaud-Simeon M, Monsan P, Gibson GR, Rastall RA. In vitro fermentation of linear and alpha-1,2-branched dextrans by the human fecal microbiota. Appl Environ Microbiol 2011; 77:5307-15. [PMID: 21666027 PMCID: PMC3147461 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02568-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2010] [Accepted: 05/16/2011] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of structure and molecular weight in fermentation selectivity in linear α-1,6 dextrans and dextrans with α-1,2 branching was investigated. Fermentation by gut bacteria was determined in anaerobic, pH-controlled fecal batch cultures after 36 h. Inulin (1%, wt/vol), which is a known prebiotic, was used as a control. Samples were obtained at 0, 10, 24, and 36 h of fermentation for bacterial enumeration by fluorescent in situ hybridization and short-chain fatty acid analyses. The gas production of the substrate fermentation was investigated in non-pH-controlled, fecal batch culture tubes after 36 h. Linear and branched 1-kDa dextrans produced significant increases in Bifidobacterium populations. The degree of α-1,2 branching did not influence the Bifidobacterium populations; however, α-1,2 branching increased the dietary fiber content, implying a decrease in digestibility. Other measured bacteria were unaffected by the test substrates except for the Bacteroides-Prevotella group, the growth levels of which were increased on inulin and 6- and 70-kDa dextrans, and the Faecalibacterium prausnitzii group, the growth levels of which were decreased on inulin and 1-kDa dextrans. A considerable increase in short-chain fatty acid concentration was measured following the fermentation of all dextrans and inulin. Gas production rates were similar among all dextrans tested but were significantly slower than that for inulin. The linear 1-kDa dextran produced lower total gas and shorter time to attain maximal gas production compared to those of the 70-kDa dextran (branched) and inulin. These findings indicate that dextrans induce a selective effect on the gut flora, short-chain fatty acids, and gas production depending on their length.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shahrul R. Sarbini
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, P.O. Box 226, Reading RG6 6AP, United Kingdom
| | - Sofia Kolida
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, P.O. Box 226, Reading RG6 6AP, United Kingdom
| | - Thierry Naeye
- Tate and Lyle Innovation Centre 22, Avenue de'Horizon, Parc Scientifique de la Haute Borne, Villeneuve d'Asq, 59650 France
| | - Alexandra Einerhand
- Tate and Lyle Innovation Centre 22, Avenue de'Horizon, Parc Scientifique de la Haute Borne, Villeneuve d'Asq, 59650 France
| | - Yoann Brison
- Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés UMR CNRS/INSA 5504, UMR INRA/INSA 792, INSA, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Magali Remaud-Simeon
- Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés UMR CNRS/INSA 5504, UMR INRA/INSA 792, INSA, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Pierre Monsan
- Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés UMR CNRS/INSA 5504, UMR INRA/INSA 792, INSA, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Glenn R. Gibson
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, P.O. Box 226, Reading RG6 6AP, United Kingdom
| | - Robert A. Rastall
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, P.O. Box 226, Reading RG6 6AP, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
72
|
Badel S, Bernardi T, Michaud P. New perspectives for Lactobacilli exopolysaccharides. Biotechnol Adv 2011; 29:54-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2010.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2009] [Revised: 08/19/2010] [Accepted: 08/23/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
73
|
Behare PV, Singh R, Tomar SK, Nagpal R, Kumar M, Mohania D. Effect of exopolysaccharide-producing strains of Streptococcus thermophilus on technological attributes of fat-free lassi. J Dairy Sci 2010; 93:2874-9. [PMID: 20630204 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2009-2300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2009] [Accepted: 02/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Sixty-four exopolysaccharide-producing thermophilic lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were isolated from traditionally made Indian fermented milk products. On the basis of morphological and biochemical tests, these isolates were identified as the species of Lactobacillus, Streptococcus, and Enterococcus genera. Initial screening for technological attributes revealed that Streptococcus thermophilus IG16 was a promising isolate, and produced both capsular and ropy polysaccharides at the concentration of 211 mg/L. Exopolysaccharide produced by IG16 was a heteropolysaccharide containing rhamnose and galactose in a ratio of 5.3:1 and had a molecular weight of 3.3 x 10(4) Da. Use of IG16 as a starter culture controlled whey separation and improved viscosity, flavor, consistency, and color and appearance of lassi. Use of IG16 resulted in lassi having optimal acidity, less syneresis, high viscosity, and better scores for flavor, consistency, and color and appearance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P V Behare
- Dairy Microbiology Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal 132001, Haryana, India.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
74
|
Bounaix MS, Robert H, Gabriel V, Morel S, Remaud-Siméon M, Gabriel B, Fontagné-Faucher C. Characterization of dextran-producing Weissella strains isolated from sourdoughs and evidence of constitutive dextransucrase expression. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2010; 311:18-26. [PMID: 20722740 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2010.02067.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of exopolysaccharide production by heterofermentative sourdough lactic acid bacteria has shown that Weissella strains isolated from sourdoughs produce linear dextrans containing α-(1→6) glucose residues with few α-(1→3) linkages from sucrose. In this study, several dextran-producing strains, Weissella cibaria and Weissella confusa, isolated from sourdough, were characterized according to carbohydrate fermentation, repetitive element-PCR fingerprinting using (GTG)(5) primers and glucansucrase activity (soluble or cell-associated). This study reports, for the first time, the characterization of dextransucrase from Weissella strains using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and in situ polymer production (after incubation with sucrose) from enzymatic fractions harvested from both sucrose and glucose culture media. Results demonstrate that dextransucrase activity was mainly soluble and associated with a constitutive 180-kDa protein. In addition, microsequencing of the active dextransucrase from W. cibaria LBAE-K39 allowed the design of specific primers that could detect the presence of glucansucrase encoding genes similar to GTFKg3 of Lactobacillus fermentum Kg3 and to DSRWC of W. cibaria CMU. This study hence indicates that sourdough Weissella strains synthesize original dextransucrase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Sophie Bounaix
- Laboratoire de Biologie appliquée à l'Agroalimentaire et à l'Environnement, Institut Universitaire de Technologie, Université Paul Sabatier, Auch, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
75
|
Waldherr FW, Doll VM, Meißner D, Vogel RF. Identification and characterization of a glucan-producing enzyme from Lactobacillus hilgardii TMW 1.828 involved in granule formation of water kefir. Food Microbiol 2010; 27:672-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2010.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2010] [Revised: 03/22/2010] [Accepted: 03/23/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
76
|
Krajl S, Van Geel-Schutten G, Van Der Maarel M, Dijkhuizen L. Efficient Screening Methods for Glucosyltransferase Genes inLactobacillusStrains. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/10242420310001618519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
77
|
Anwar MA, Kralj S, Piqué AV, Leemhuis H, van der Maarel MJEC, Dijkhuizen L. Inulin and levan synthesis by probiotic Lactobacillus gasseri strains: characterization of three novel fructansucrase enzymes and their fructan products. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2010; 156:1264-1274. [PMID: 20075040 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.036616-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Fructansucrase enzymes polymerize the fructose moiety of sucrose into levan or inulin fructans, with beta(2-6) and beta(2-1) linkages, respectively. Here, we report an evaluation of fructan synthesis in three Lactobacillus gasseri strains, identification of the fructansucrase-encoding genes and characterization of the recombinant proteins and fructan (oligosaccharide) products. High-performance anion-exchange chromatography and nuclear magnetic resonance analysis of the fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) and polymers produced by the L. gasseri strains and the recombinant enzymes revealed that, in situ, L. gasseri strains DSM 20604 and 20077 synthesize inulin (and oligosaccharides) and levan products, respectively. L. gasseri DSM 20604 is only the second Lactobacillus strain shown to produce inulin polymer and FOS in situ, and is unique in its distribution of FOS synthesized, ranging from DP2 to DP13. The probiotic bacterium L. gasseri DSM 20243 did not produce any fructan, although we identified a fructansucrase-encoding gene in its genome sequence. Further studies showed that this L. gasseri DSM 20243 gene was prematurely terminated by a stop codon. Exchanging the stop codon for a glutamine codon resulted in a recombinant enzyme producing inulin and FOS. The three recombinant fructansucrase enzymes characterized from three different L. gasseri strains have very similar primary protein structures, yet synthesize different fructan products. An interesting feature of the L. gasseri strains is that they were unable to ferment raffinose, whereas their respective recombinant enzymes converted raffinose into fructan and FOS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Munir A Anwar
- Microbial Physiology Research Group, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), University of Groningen, Kerklaan 30, 9751 NN Haren, The Netherlands
| | - Slavko Kralj
- Microbial Physiology Research Group, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), University of Groningen, Kerklaan 30, 9751 NN Haren, The Netherlands
| | - Anna Villar Piqué
- Microbial Physiology Research Group, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), University of Groningen, Kerklaan 30, 9751 NN Haren, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Leemhuis
- Microbial Physiology Research Group, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), University of Groningen, Kerklaan 30, 9751 NN Haren, The Netherlands
| | - Marc J E C van der Maarel
- Microbial Physiology Research Group, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), University of Groningen, Kerklaan 30, 9751 NN Haren, The Netherlands
| | - Lubbert Dijkhuizen
- Microbial Physiology Research Group, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), University of Groningen, Kerklaan 30, 9751 NN Haren, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
78
|
|
79
|
Casas IA, Dobrogosz WJ. Validation of the Probiotic Concept:Lactobacillus reuteriConfers Broad-spectrum Protection against Disease in Humans and Animals. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY IN HEALTH AND DISEASE 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/08910600050216246-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Walter J. Dobrogosz
- Department of Microbiology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| |
Collapse
|
80
|
Seibel J, Beine R, Moraru R, Behringer C, Buchholz K. A new pathway for the synthesis of oligosaccharides by the use of non-Leloir glycosyltransferases. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/10242420500538274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
81
|
Pijning T, Pijning T, Vujičić-Žagar A, Kralj S, Eeuwema W, Dijkhuizen L, Dijkstra BW. Biochemical and crystallographic characterization of a glucansucrase fromLactobacillus reuteri180. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/10242420701789163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
82
|
Visnapuu T, Zamfir AD, Mosoarca C, Stanescu MD, Alamäe T. Fully automated chip-based negative mode nanoelectrospray mass spectrometry of fructooligosaccharides produced by heterologously expressed levansucrase from Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2009; 23:1337-1346. [PMID: 19337979 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.4007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas syringae pathovars possess multiple levansucrases with still unclear specific roles for bacteria. We have cloned and expressed three levansucrase genes, lsc1, lsc2 and lsc3, from P. syringae DC3000 in Escherichia coli. Levansucrases synthesize a high molecular weight fructan polymer, levan, from sucrose and in the case of some levansucrases, fructooligosaccharides (FOS) with potential prebiotic effects are also produced. The ability of purified Lsc3 protein of DC3000 to synthesize FOS was tested using prolonged incubation time and varied concentrations of sugar substrates. Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) analysis of reaction products disclosed formation of FOS from both sucrose and raffinose, revealing a new catalytic property for P. syringae levansucrases. In order to analyze Lsc3-produced FOS in underivatized form, we optimized a novel method recently introduced in carbohydrate research, based on fully automated chip-based nanoelectrospray ionization (nanoESI) high-capacity ion trap mass spectrometry (HCT-MS). Uding chip-based nanoESI MS in negative ion mode, FOS, with degrees of polymerization up to five, were detected in reaction mixtures of Lsc3 with sucrose and raffinose. For confirmation, further structural analysis by tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) employing collision-induced dissociation at low energies was performed. To validate the method, commercial inulin-derived FOS preparations Orafti P95 and Orafti Synergy1, which are currently used as prebiotics, were used as controls. By chip-based nanoESI HCT-MS, similar FOS distribution was observed in these reference mixtures. Thereby, the obtained data allowed us to postulate that FOS produced by the Lsc3 protein of P. syringae DC3000 may be prebiotic as well.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Triinu Visnapuu
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Riia 23, 51010 Tartu, Estonia
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
83
|
Majumder A, Goyal A. Rheological and gelling properties of a novel glucan from Leuconostoc dextranicum NRRL B-1146. Food Res Int 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2009.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
84
|
Banada PP, Huff K, Bae E, Rajwa B, Aroonnual A, Bayraktar B, Adil A, Robinson JP, Hirleman ED, Bhunia AK. Label-free detection of multiple bacterial pathogens using light-scattering sensor. Biosens Bioelectron 2009; 24:1685-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2008.08.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2008] [Revised: 08/21/2008] [Accepted: 08/28/2008] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
85
|
Ketabi A, Soleimanian-Zad S, Kadivar M, Sheikh-Zeinoddin M. Production of microbial exopolysaccharides in the sourdough and its effects on the rheological properties of dough. Food Res Int 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2008.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
86
|
Kaditzky SB, Behr J, Stocker A, Kaden P, Gänzle MG, Vogel RF. Influence of pH on the Formation of Glucan byLactobacillus reuteriTMW 1.106 Exerting a Protective Function Against Extreme pH Values. FOOD BIOTECHNOL 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/08905430802470235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
87
|
Singh A, Majumder A, Goyal A. Artificial intelligence based optimization of exocellular glucansucrase production from Leuconostoc dextranicum NRRL B-1146. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2008; 99:8201-8206. [PMID: 18440808 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2008.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2007] [Revised: 03/10/2008] [Accepted: 03/11/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Two different artificial intelligence techniques namely artificial neural network (ANN) and genetic algorithm (GA) were integrated for optimizing fermentation medium for the production of glucansucrase. The experimental data reported in a previous study were used to build the neural network. The ANN was trained using the back propagation algorithm. The ANN predicted values showed good agreement with the experimentally reported ones from a response surface based experiment. The concentrations of three medium components: viz Tween 80, sucrose and K2HPO4 served as inputs to the neural network model and the enzyme activity as the output of the model. A model was generated with a coefficient of correlation (R2) of 1.0 for the training set and 0.90 for the test data. A genetic algorithm was used to optimize the input space of the neural network model to find the optimum settings for maximum enzyme activity. This artificial neural network supported genetic algorithm predicted a maximum glucansucrase activity of 6.92U/ml at medium composition of 0.54% (v/v) Tween 80, 5.98% (w/v) sucrose and 1.01% (w/v) K2HPO4. ANN-GA predicted model gave a 6.0% increase of enzyme activity over the regression based prediction for optimized enzyme activity. The maximum enzyme activity experimentally obtained using the ANN-GA designed medium was 6.75+/-0.09U/ml which was in good agreement with the predicted value.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angad Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781 039 Assam, India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
88
|
Characterization of exopolysaccharide (EPS) produced by Weissella hellenica SKkimchi3 isolated from kimchi. J Microbiol 2008; 46:535-41. [DOI: 10.1007/s12275-008-0134-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2008] [Accepted: 07/28/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
89
|
Kralj S, van Leeuwen SS, Valk V, Eeuwema W, Kamerling JP, Dijkhuizen L. Hybrid reuteransucrase enzymes reveal regions important for glucosidic linkage specificity and the transglucosylation/hydrolysis ratio. FEBS J 2008; 275:6002-10. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2008.06729.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
90
|
Hellmuth H, Wittrock S, Kralj S, Dijkhuizen L, Hofer B, Seibel J. Engineering the Glucansucrase GTFR Enzyme Reaction and Glycosidic Bond Specificity: Toward Tailor-Made Polymer and Oligosaccharide Products. Biochemistry 2008; 47:6678-84. [DOI: 10.1021/bi800563r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Hellmuth
- Department of Carbohydrate Technology, University of Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany, Division of Structural Biology and Department of Chemical Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany, and Centre for Carbohydrate Bioprocessing, TNO-University of Groningen, and Department of Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sabine Wittrock
- Department of Carbohydrate Technology, University of Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany, Division of Structural Biology and Department of Chemical Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany, and Centre for Carbohydrate Bioprocessing, TNO-University of Groningen, and Department of Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Slavko Kralj
- Department of Carbohydrate Technology, University of Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany, Division of Structural Biology and Department of Chemical Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany, and Centre for Carbohydrate Bioprocessing, TNO-University of Groningen, and Department of Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lubbert Dijkhuizen
- Department of Carbohydrate Technology, University of Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany, Division of Structural Biology and Department of Chemical Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany, and Centre for Carbohydrate Bioprocessing, TNO-University of Groningen, and Department of Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bernd Hofer
- Department of Carbohydrate Technology, University of Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany, Division of Structural Biology and Department of Chemical Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany, and Centre for Carbohydrate Bioprocessing, TNO-University of Groningen, and Department of Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jürgen Seibel
- Department of Carbohydrate Technology, University of Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany, Division of Structural Biology and Department of Chemical Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany, and Centre for Carbohydrate Bioprocessing, TNO-University of Groningen, and Department of Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
91
|
The probiotic Lactobacillus johnsonii NCC 533 produces high-molecular-mass inulin from sucrose by using an inulosucrase enzyme. Appl Environ Microbiol 2008; 74:3426-33. [PMID: 18408060 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00377-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Fructansucrase enzymes polymerize the fructose moiety of sucrose into levan or inulin fructans, with beta(2-6) and beta(2-1) linkages, respectively. The probiotic bacterium Lactobacillus johnsonii strain NCC 533 possesses a single fructansucrase gene (open reading frame AAS08734) annotated as a putative levansucrase precursor. However, (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis of the fructan product synthesized in situ revealed that this is of the inulin type. The ftf gene of L. johnsonii was cloned and expressed to elucidate its exact identity. The purified L. johnsonii protein was characterized as an inulosucrase enzyme, producing inulin from sucrose, as identified by (13)C NMR analysis. Thin-layer chromatographic analysis of the reaction products showed that InuJ synthesized, besides the inulin polymer, a broad range of fructose oligosaccharides. Maximum InuJ enzyme activity was observed in a pH range of 4.5 to 7.0, decreasing sharply at pH 7.5. InuJ exhibited the highest enzyme activity at 55 degrees C, with a drastic decrease at 60 degrees C. Calcium ions were found to have an important effect on enzyme activity and stability. Kinetic analysis showed that the transfructosylation reaction of the InuJ enzyme does not obey Michaelis-Menten kinetics. The non-Michaelian behavior of InuJ may be attributed to the oligosaccharides that were initially formed in the reaction and which may act as better acceptors than the growing polymer chain. This is only the second example of the isolation and characterization of an inulosucrase enzyme and its inulin (oligosaccharide) product from a Lactobacillus strain. Furthermore, this is the first Lactobacillus strain shown to produce inulin polymer in situ.
Collapse
|
92
|
Del Moral S, Olvera C, Rodriguez ME, Munguia AL. Functional role of the additional domains in inulosucrase (IslA) from Leuconostoc citreum CW28. BMC BIOCHEMISTRY 2008; 9:6. [PMID: 18237396 PMCID: PMC2270844 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2091-9-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2007] [Accepted: 01/31/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Inulosucrase (IslA) from Leuconostoc citreum CW28 belongs to a new subfamily of multidomain fructosyltransferases (FTFs), containing additional domains from glucosyltransferases. It is not known what the function of the additional domains in this subfamily is. Results Through construction of truncated versions we demonstrate that the acquired regions are involved in anchoring IslA to the cell wall; they also confer stability to the enzyme, generating a larger structure that affects its kinetic properties and reaction specificity, particularly the hydrolysis and transglycosylase ratio. The accessibility of larger molecules such as EDTA to the catalytic domain (where a Ca2+ binding site is located) is also affected as demonstrated by the requirement of 100 times higher EDTA concentrations to inactivate IslA with respect to the smallest truncated form. Conclusion The C-terminal domain may have been acquired to anchor inulosucrase to the cell surface. Furthermore, the acquired domains in IslA interact with the catalytic core resulting in a new conformation that renders the enzyme more stable and switch the specificity from a hydrolytic to a transglycosylase mechanism. Based on these results, chimeric constructions may become a strategy to stabilize and modulate biocatalysts based on FTF activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Del Moral
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado postal 510-3, C, P, 62250, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
93
|
Ibarburu I, Soria-Díaz ME, Rodríguez-Carvajal MA, Velasco SE, Tejero-Mateo P, Gil-Serrano AM, Irastorza A, Dueñas MT. Growth and exopolysaccharide (EPS) production by Oenococcus oeni I4 and structural characterization of their EPSs. J Appl Microbiol 2008; 103:477-86. [PMID: 17650209 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2006.03266.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To study the influence of medium constituents on growth, and exopolysaccharide (EPS) production by a strain of Oenococcus oeni. The structure of one of the EPSs has also been characterized. METHODS AND RESULTS EPS concentration was estimated by the phenol/sulfuric acid method. After purification and fractionation of crude EPSs, the sugar composition was determined by GLC-MS of the TMS methyl glycosides. The major polysaccharide is 2-substituted-(1-3)-beta-D-glucan. This structure was determined by methylation analysis and conventional (1)H- and (13)C-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. In addition, O. oeni synthesized two heteropolysaccharides, although a lesser proportion, constituted by galactose and glucose, and one of them also showed rhamnose. The sugar source has a clear influence on growth and EPS synthesis, and EPS production was not enhanced by adding ethanol or increasing the nitrogen source. EPS biosynthesis starts in the exponential growth phase, and continued during the stationary growth phase. CONCLUSIONS Higher EPS yields were obtained on cultures grown on glucose + fructose. O. oeni produces a beta-glucan, as the predominant EPS, and it is also able to produce two heteropolysaccharides. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This work provides a better understanding of EPS synthesis by O. oeni and shows the first EPS structure described for this species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Ibarburu
- Departamento de Química Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad del País Vasco, San Sebastián, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
94
|
Semjonovs P, Zikmanis P. Evaluation of novel lactose-positive and exopolysaccharide-producing strain of Pediococcus pentosaceus for fermented foods. Eur Food Res Technol 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-007-0796-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
95
|
Schwab C, Walter J, Tannock GW, Vogel RF, Gänzle MG. Sucrose utilization and impact of sucrose on glycosyltransferase expression in Lactobacillus reuteri. Syst Appl Microbiol 2007; 30:433-43. [PMID: 17490840 DOI: 10.1016/j.syapm.2007.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2007] [Accepted: 03/27/2007] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Glycosyltransferases of lactic acid bacteria are associated with biofilm formation, bacterial stress response and sucrose metabolism. The aim of this study was to determine the contribution of glycosyltransferases to sucrose metabolism in Lactobacillus reuteri TMW1.106 expressing the glucosyltransferase GtfA and the inulosucrase Inu, and L. reuteri LTH 5448 expressing the fructosyltransferase FtfA. Transcriptional analysis using quantitative real time PCR revealed that expression of ftfA of L. reuteri LTH5448 was induced by sucrose, while sucrose had no effect on gtfA and inu expression of strain TMW 1.106. Inactivation of ftfA had no influence on growth of L. reuteri LTH5448 and only a minor impact on sucrose turnover. L. reuteri TMW1.106 and its gtfA and inu mutants reached similar cell counts when maltose was offered as substrate. Mutation of gtfA or inu impaired growth in media containing sucrose as sole carbon source despite the expression of sucrose phosphorylase as an alternative sucrose-hydrolysing enzyme. Moreover, the gtfA and inu mutants formed less lactate and ethanol and tolerated lower lactate levels compared to L. reuteri TMW1.106. The inu mutant constitutively overexpressed GtfA. We show here that the impact of different glycosyltransferases on sucrose metabolism of L. reuteri is strain dependent. In strain L. reuteri TMW 1.106, GtfA accounts for sucrose utilization, metabolism, and growth of the organism. In contrast, FtfA of L. reuteri LTH5448 contributes to sucrose turnover but alternative routes for sucrose metabolism are functional in this strain. Our data thus indicate that these glycosyltransferases affect the competitiveness of some L. reuteri strains in ecosystems where sucrose is present.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa Schwab
- Department Agricultural Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
96
|
Arsköld E, Svensson M, Grage H, Roos S, Rådström P, van Niel EWJ. Environmental influences on exopolysaccharide formation in Lactobacillus reuteri ATCC 55730. Int J Food Microbiol 2007; 116:159-67. [PMID: 17316859 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2006.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2006] [Revised: 12/21/2006] [Accepted: 12/22/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Lactobacillus reuteri is known to produce exopolysaccharides (EPS), which have the potential to be used as an alternative biothickener in the food industry. In this study, the effect of several environmental conditions on the growth and EPS production in the L. reuteri strain ATCC 55730 was determined. The expression of the corresponding reuteransucrase gene, gtfO, was investigated over time and the results indicated that the expression increased with growth during the exponential phase and subsequently decreased in the stationary phase. Fermentation with glucose and/or sucrose as carbon and energy source revealed that gtfO was constitutively expressed and that the activity profile was independent of the sugar source. In the applied ranges of parameter values, temperature and pH were the most important factors for EPS formation and only temperature for growth. The best EPS yield, 1.4 g g(-1) CDW, was obtained at the conditions 37 degrees C, pH 4.5 and 100 g l(-1) sucrose, which were close to the estimated optimal conditions: pH 4.56 and 100 g l(-1) sucrose. No EPS formation could be detected with glucose. In addition, no direct connection between the expression and the activity of reuteransucrase could be established. Finally, the strain ATCC 55730 was benchmarked against 14 other L. reuteri strains with respect to EPS production from sucrose and abilities to metabolise sucrose, glucose and fructose. Eight strains were able to produce glucan and a corresponding glucansucrase gene was confirmed for each of them.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma Arsköld
- Applied Microbiology, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
97
|
Lambo-Fodje AM, Oste R, Nyman MEGL. Short-chain fatty acid formation in the hindgut of rats fed native and fermented oat fibre concentrates. Br J Nutr 2007; 96:47-55. [PMID: 16869990 DOI: 10.1079/bjn20061797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The formation of SCFA in rats fed fermented oat fibre concentrates was compared with that of rats fed native oat fibre concentrate. The cultures used were lactic acid bacteria consisting of Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus (V2), the exopolysaccharide-producing strain Pediococcus damnosus 2.6 (Pd) and L. reuteri (Lr). The materials were incorporated into test diets yielding a concentration of indigestible carbohydrates of 80 g/kg (dry weight). Rats fed the V2-fermented fibre-concentrate diet yielded higher caecal and distal concentrations of acetic acid (P < 0.01) than rats fed the native fibre concentrate. All the fermented fibre concentrates resulted in a higher propionic acid concentration in the distal colon (P < 0.05), while rats fed Pd-fermented fibre concentrate resulted in lower concentration of butyric acid (P < 0.05, P < 0.01) in all parts of the hindgut as compared with rats fed the native fibre concentrates. Butyrate concentrations ranged between 5-11 micromol/g (distal colon) and 6-8 micromol/g (13 d faeces). Higher proportions of acetic acid (P < 0.05; P < 0.01) were observed in the caecum of rats fed the fermented fibre concentrates. Rats fed Pd- and Lr-fermented fibre concentrates produced higher proportions of propionic acid (P < 0.05; P < 0.01) in the caecum. Changes in SCFA formation in the caecum, distal colon and faeces of rats fed the fermented samples compared with the native sample indicate that these microbes probably survive in the hindgut and that modification of the microflora composition with fermented foods is possible. This may be important for the gastrointestinal flora balance in relation to colonic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adele M Lambo-Fodje
- Division of Applied Nutrition and Food Chemistry, Department of Food Technology, Engineering and Nutrition, Center for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lund University, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
98
|
Di Cagno R, De Angelis M, Limitone A, Minervini F, Carnevali P, Corsetti A, Gaenzle M, Ciati R, Gobbetti M. Glucan and fructan production by sourdough Weissella cibaria and Lactobacillus plantarum. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2006; 54:9873-81. [PMID: 17177514 DOI: 10.1021/jf061393+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
After a large screening on sourdough lactic acid bacteria, exopolysaccharide (EPS)-forming strains of Weissella cibaria, Lactobacillus plantarum, and Pediococcus pentosaceus were selected. After 6 days of incubation at 30 degrees C, the synthesis of EPS in MRS-based broth ranged from 5.54 to 7.88 mg mL-1. EPS had an apparent molecular mass of ca. 104 Da. As shown by carbohydrate consumption, the synthesis of EPS was found from sucrose only. Two types of homopolysaccharides were synthesized: glucans simultaneously with growth and fructans after 1 day of incubation. Two protein bands of ca. 180-200 kDa were in situ detected on SDS-PAGE gels incubated with sucrose. PCR products of ca. 220 bp were found for L. plantarum PL9 (100% of identity to putative priming glycosyltransferase of L. plantarum WCFS1) and W. cibaria WC4 (80% of identity to putative glycosyltransferase, epsD, of Bacillus cereus G9241) by using hybrid primers for the priming gtf genes. Degenerated primers DexreuR and DexreuV showed a unique PCR product, and the predicted amino acid sequences were identical for W. cibaria WC4 and L. plantarum PL9. The sequence had similarity with polysaccharide biosynthesis glycosyltransferases. W. cibaria WC4 or L. plantarum LP9 synthesized ca. 2.5 g kg-1 EPS during sourdough fermentation with sucrose added. Compared to the sourdough started with an EPS-negative strain, the sourdough started with W. cibaria WC4 or L. plantarum LP9 increased the viscosity, and the resulting bread had higher specific volume and lower firmness. The synthesis of EPS by selected sourdough lactic acid bacteria could be considered as a useful tool to replace the additives for improving the textural properties of baked goods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Di Cagno
- Dipartimento di Protezione delle Piante e Microbiologia Applicata, Università degli Studi di Bari, Bari, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
99
|
Kralj S, Eeuwema W, Eckhardt TH, Dijkhuizen L. Role of asparagine 1134 in glucosidic bond and transglycosylation specificity of reuteransucrase from Lactobacillus reuteri 121. FEBS J 2006; 273:3735-42. [PMID: 16911522 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2006.05376.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Glucansucrases from lactic acid bacteria convert sucrose into various alpha-glucans that differ greatly with respect to the glucosidic bonds present (e.g. dextran, mutan, alternan and reuteran). This study aimed to identify the structural features of the reuteransucrase from Lactobacillus reuteri 121 (GTFA) that determine its reaction specificity. We here report a detailed mutational analysis of a conserved region immediately next to the catalytic Asp1133 (putative transition-state stabilizing) residue in GTFA. The data show that Asn1134 is the main determinant of glucosidic bond product specificity in this reuteransucrase. Furthermore, mutations at this position greatly influenced the hydrolysis/transglycosylation ratio. Changes in this amino acid expands the range of glucan and gluco-oligosaccharide products synthesized from sucrose by mutant GTFA enzymes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Slavko Kralj
- Centre for Carbohydrate Bioprocessing (CCB), TNO-University of Groningen, Haren, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
100
|
van Hijum SAFT, Kralj S, Ozimek LK, Dijkhuizen L, van Geel-Schutten IGH. Structure-function relationships of glucansucrase and fructansucrase enzymes from lactic acid bacteria. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2006; 70:157-76. [PMID: 16524921 PMCID: PMC1393251 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.70.1.157-176.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 316] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) employ sucrase-type enzymes to convert sucrose into homopolysaccharides consisting of either glucosyl units (glucans) or fructosyl units (fructans). The enzymes involved are labeled glucansucrases (GS) and fructansucrases (FS), respectively. The available molecular, biochemical, and structural information on sucrase genes and enzymes from various LAB and their fructan and alpha-glucan products is reviewed. The GS and FS enzymes are both glycoside hydrolase enzymes that act on the same substrate (sucrose) and catalyze (retaining) transglycosylation reactions that result in polysaccharide formation, but they possess completely different protein structures. GS enzymes (family GH70) are large multidomain proteins that occur exclusively in LAB. Their catalytic domain displays clear secondary-structure similarity with alpha-amylase enzymes (family GH13), with a predicted permuted (beta/alpha)(8) barrel structure for which detailed structural and mechanistic information is available. Emphasis now is on identification of residues and regions important for GS enzyme activity and product specificity (synthesis of alpha-glucans differing in glycosidic linkage type, degree and type of branching, glucan molecular mass, and solubility). FS enzymes (family GH68) occur in both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria and synthesize beta-fructan polymers with either beta-(2-->6) (inulin) or beta-(2-->1) (levan) glycosidic bonds. Recently, the first high-resolution three-dimensional structures have become available for FS (levansucrase) proteins, revealing a rare five-bladed beta-propeller structure with a deep, negatively charged central pocket. Although these structures have provided detailed mechanistic insights, the structural features in FS enzymes dictating the synthesis of either beta-(2-->6) or beta-(2-->1) linkages, degree and type of branching, and fructan molecular mass remain to be identified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sacha A F T van Hijum
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 14, 9750 AA Haren, The Netherlands.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|