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Abstract
The importance of the microbiota in the development of colorectal cancer (CRC) is increasingly evident, but identifying specific microbial features that influence CRC initiation and progression remains a central task for investigators. Studies determining the microbial mechanisms that directly contribute to CRC development or progression are revealing bacterial factors such as toxins that contribute to colorectal carcinogenesis. However, even when investigators have identified bacteria that express toxins, questions remain about the host determinants of a toxin's cancer-potentiating effects. For other cancer-correlating bacteria that lack toxins, the challenge is to define cancer-relevant virulence factors. Herein, we evaluate three CRC-correlating bacteria, colibactin-producing Escherichia coli, enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis, and Fusobacterium nucleatum, for their virulence features relevant to CRC. We also consider the beneficial bioactivity of gut microbes by highlighting a microbial metabolite that may enhance CRC antitumor immunity. In doing so, we aim to elucidate unique and shared mechanisms underlying the microbiota's contributions to CRC and to accelerate investigation from target validation to CRC therapeutic discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Slater L. Clay
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases and Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard T.H. Chan Microbiome in Public Health Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Diogo Fonseca-Pereira
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases and Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard T.H. Chan Microbiome in Public Health Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Wendy S. Garrett
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases and Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard T.H. Chan Microbiome in Public Health Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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52
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Mousa WK, Chehadeh F, Husband S. Recent Advances in Understanding the Structure and Function of the Human Microbiome. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:825338. [PMID: 35185849 PMCID: PMC8851206 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.825338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Trillions of microbes live within our bodies in a deep symbiotic relationship. Microbial populations vary across body sites, driven by differences in the environment, immunological factors, and interactions between microbial species. Major advances in genome sequencing enable a better understanding of microbiome composition. However, most of the microbial taxa and species of the human microbiome are still unknown. Without revealing the identity of these microbes as a first step, we cannot appreciate their role in human health and diseases. A shift in the microbial balance, termed dysbiosis, is linked to a broad range of diseases from simple colitis and indigestion to cancer and dementia. The last decade has witnessed an explosion in microbiome research that led to a better understanding of the microbiome structure and function. This understanding leads to potential opportunities to develop next-generation microbiome-based drugs and diagnostic biomarkers. However, our understanding is limited given the highly personalized nature of the microbiome and its complex and multidirectional interactions with the host. In this review, we discuss: (1) our current knowledge of microbiome structure and factors that shape the microbial composition, (2) recent associations between microbiome dysbiosis and diseases, and (3) opportunities of new microbiome-based therapeutics. We analyze common themes, promises, gaps, and challenges of the microbiome research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walaa K. Mousa
- College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University of Science and Technology, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Biology, Whitman College, Walla Walla, WA, United States
- College of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Fadia Chehadeh
- Department of Biology, Whitman College, Walla Walla, WA, United States
| | - Shannon Husband
- Department of Biology, Whitman College, Walla Walla, WA, United States
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Ballén V, Gabasa Y, Ratia C, Sánchez M, Soto S. Correlation Between Antimicrobial Resistance, Virulence Determinants and Biofilm Formation Ability Among Extraintestinal Pathogenic Escherichia coli Strains Isolated in Catalonia, Spain. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:803862. [PMID: 35087504 PMCID: PMC8786794 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.803862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli is a well-characterized bacterium highly prevalent in the human intestinal tract and the cause of many important infections. The aim of this study was to characterize 376 extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli strains collected from four hospitals in Catalonia (Spain) between 2016 and 2017 in terms of antimicrobial resistance, siderophore production, phylogroup classification, and the presence of selected virulence and antimicrobial resistance genes. In addition, the association between these characteristics and the ability to form biofilms was also analyzed. The strains studied were classified into four groups according to their biofilm formation ability: non-biofilm formers (15.7%), weak (23.1%), moderate (35.6%), and strong biofilm formers (25.6%). The strains were highly resistant to ciprofloxacin (48.7%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (47.9%), and ampicillin (38%), showing a correlation between higher resistance to ciprofloxacin and lower biofilm production. Seventy-three strains (19.4%) were ESBL-producers. However, no relationship between the presence of ESBL and biofilm formation was found. The virulence factor genes fimH (92%), pgaA (84.6%), and irp1 (77.1%) were the most prevalent in all the studied strains. A statistically significant correlation was found between biofilm formation and the presence of iroN, papA, fimH, sfa, cnf, hlyA, iutA, and colibactin-encoding genes clbA, clbB, clbN, and clbQ. Interestingly, a high prevalence of colibactin-encoding genes (19.9%) was observed. Colibactin is a virulence factor, which interferes with the eukaryotic cell cycle and has been associated with colorectal cancer in humans. Most colibactin-encoding E. coli isolates belonged to phylogroup B2, exhibited low antimicrobial resistance but moderate or high biofilm-forming ability, and were significantly associated with most of the virulence factor genes tested. Additionally, the analysis of their clonal relatedness by PFGE showed 48 different clusters, indicating a high clonal diversity among the colibactin-positive strains. Several studies have correlated the pathogenicity of E. coli and the presence of virulence factor genes; however, colibactin and its relationship to biofilm formation have been scarcely investigated. The increasing prevalence of colibactin in E. coli and other Enterobacteriaceae and the recently described correlation with biofilm formation, makes colibactin a promising therapeutic target to prevent biofilm formation and its associated adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Ballén
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yaiza Gabasa
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Ratia
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Melany Sánchez
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Soto
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Canizalez-Roman A, Reina-Reyes JE, Angulo-Zamudio UA, Geminiano-Martínez EE, Flores-Carrillo AF, García-Matus RR, Valencia-Mijares NM, Leon-Sicairos N, Velazquez-Roman J, Martínez-Villa FA, Tapia-Pastrana G. Prevalence of Cyclomodulin-Positive E. coli and Klebsiella spp. Strains in Mexican Patients with Colon Diseases and Antimicrobial Resistance. Pathogens 2021; 11:pathogens11010014. [PMID: 35055962 PMCID: PMC8779131 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Colon diseases, such as colorectal cancer (CRC), are multifactor diseases that affect more than one million people per year; recently, the microbiota has been associated with an etiologic factor, specifically bacterial cyclomodulin positivity (CM+). Unfortunately, there are no studies from Mexico that detail the presence of bacterial CM+ in patients with colon diseases. We therefore performed a comprehensive study to investigate the associations and prevalence of cyclomodulin-positive Diarrheagenic E. coli (DEC), non-DEC, and Klebsiella spp. strains isolated from Mexican subjects with colon diseases. In this work, we analyzed 43 biopsies, 87 different bacteria were isolated, and E. coli was the most frequently noted, followed by Klebsiella spp., and Enterococcus spp. E. coli, non-DEC, and EPEC belonging to phylogroup B2 were the most prevalent. More than 80% of E. coli and Klebsiella were CM+. pks, cdt, cnf, and cif were identified. cdt was associated with non-DEC, cif and its combinations with EPEC, as well as cdt and psk with Klebsiella. Lastly, all the CM+ bacteria were resistant to at least one antibiotic (34% were MDR, and 48% XDR). In conclusion, the high prevalence of bacterial CM+ in colon disease patients suggests that these bacteria play an important role in the genesis of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Canizalez-Roman
- Centro de Investigación Aplicada a la Salud Pública (CIASaP), School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacan Sinaloa 80246, Mexico; (A.C.-R.); (U.A.A.-Z.); (N.L.-S.); (J.V.-R.)
- The Women’s Hospital, Secretariat of Health, Culiacan Sinaloa 80127, Mexico
| | - Juan E. Reina-Reyes
- Laboratorio de Investigación Biomédica, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Oaxaca, San Bartolo Coyotepec, Oaxaca City 71256, Mexico; (J.E.R.-R.); (E.E.G.-M.); (A.F.F.-C.); (R.R.G.-M.); (N.M.V.-M.)
- Facultad de Medicina y Cirugía, Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Oaxaca City 68120, Mexico
| | - Uriel A. Angulo-Zamudio
- Centro de Investigación Aplicada a la Salud Pública (CIASaP), School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacan Sinaloa 80246, Mexico; (A.C.-R.); (U.A.A.-Z.); (N.L.-S.); (J.V.-R.)
| | - Eloy E. Geminiano-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Investigación Biomédica, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Oaxaca, San Bartolo Coyotepec, Oaxaca City 71256, Mexico; (J.E.R.-R.); (E.E.G.-M.); (A.F.F.-C.); (R.R.G.-M.); (N.M.V.-M.)
| | - Antonio F. Flores-Carrillo
- Laboratorio de Investigación Biomédica, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Oaxaca, San Bartolo Coyotepec, Oaxaca City 71256, Mexico; (J.E.R.-R.); (E.E.G.-M.); (A.F.F.-C.); (R.R.G.-M.); (N.M.V.-M.)
| | - Rolando R. García-Matus
- Laboratorio de Investigación Biomédica, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Oaxaca, San Bartolo Coyotepec, Oaxaca City 71256, Mexico; (J.E.R.-R.); (E.E.G.-M.); (A.F.F.-C.); (R.R.G.-M.); (N.M.V.-M.)
| | - Norma M. Valencia-Mijares
- Laboratorio de Investigación Biomédica, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Oaxaca, San Bartolo Coyotepec, Oaxaca City 71256, Mexico; (J.E.R.-R.); (E.E.G.-M.); (A.F.F.-C.); (R.R.G.-M.); (N.M.V.-M.)
| | - Nidia Leon-Sicairos
- Centro de Investigación Aplicada a la Salud Pública (CIASaP), School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacan Sinaloa 80246, Mexico; (A.C.-R.); (U.A.A.-Z.); (N.L.-S.); (J.V.-R.)
- Pediatric Hospital of Sinaloa, Constitución 530, Jorge Almada, Culiacan Sinaloa 80200, Mexico
| | - Jorge Velazquez-Roman
- Centro de Investigación Aplicada a la Salud Pública (CIASaP), School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacan Sinaloa 80246, Mexico; (A.C.-R.); (U.A.A.-Z.); (N.L.-S.); (J.V.-R.)
| | - Francisco A. Martínez-Villa
- Programa de Maestría en Ciencias en Biomedicina Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, UAS, Culiacan Sinaloa 80246, Mexico;
| | - Gabriela Tapia-Pastrana
- Laboratorio de Investigación Biomédica, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Oaxaca, San Bartolo Coyotepec, Oaxaca City 71256, Mexico; (J.E.R.-R.); (E.E.G.-M.); (A.F.F.-C.); (R.R.G.-M.); (N.M.V.-M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-0195150180 (ext. 1230); Fax: +52-0195150152
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Current status of intratumour microbiome in cancer and engineered exogenous microbiota as a promising therapeutic strategy. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 145:112443. [PMID: 34847476 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Research on the relationship between microbiome and cancer has made significant progress in the past few decades. It is now known that the gut microbiome has multiple effects on tumour biology. However, the relationship between intratumoral bacteria and cancers remains unclear. Growing evidence suggests that intratumoral bacteria are important components of the microenvironment in several types of cancers. Furthermore, several studies have demonstrated that intratumoral bacteria may directly influence tumorigenesis, progression and responses to treatment. Limited studies have been conducted on intratumoral bacteria, and using intratumoral bacteria to treat tumours remains a challenge. Bacteria have been studied as anticancer therapeutics since the 19th century when William B. Coley successfully treated patients with inoperable sarcomas using Streptococcus pyogenes. With the development of synthetic biological approaches, several bacterial species have been genetically engineered to increase their applicability for cancer treatment. Genetically engineered bacteria for cancer therapy have unique properties compared to other treatment methods. They can specifically accumulate within tumours and inhibit cancer growth. In addition, genetically engineered bacteria may be used as a vector to deliver antitumour agents or combined with radiation and chemotherapy to synergise the effectiveness of cancer treatment. However, various problems in treating tumours with genetically engineered bacteria need to be addressed. In this review, we focus on the role of intratumoral bacteria on tumour initiation, progression and responses to chemotherapy or immunotherapy. Moreover, we summarised the recent progress in the treatment of tumours with genetically engineered bacteria.
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Abstract
Gut colonization by colibactin-producing bacteria is associated with colorectal cancer. A mutational signature of this genotoxin in human cancer indicates causality but only partially accounts for cell transformation. Instead, the failure of adequately resolving DNA damage causes genomic aberrations and chromosomal instability, constituting the main starting point for colibactin-driven cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilmar Berger
- Laboratory of Infection Oncology, Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian Albrechts University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Thomas F Meyer
- Laboratory of Infection Oncology, Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian Albrechts University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany.
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Mezerova K, Raclavsky V, Stary L. Which bacterial toxins are worthy of validation as markers in colorectal cancer screening? A critical review. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2021; 166:1-11. [PMID: 34747413 DOI: 10.5507/bp.2021.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Appropriate screening of early asymptomatic cases can reduce the disease burden and mortality rate of sporadic colorectal cancer (CRC) significantly. Currently, fecal occult blood testing (FOBT) is able to detect up to 80% of asymptomatic cases in the population aged 50+. Therefore, there is still a demand for new screening tests that would complement FOBT, mainly by detecting at least a part of the FOBT-negative CRC and adenoma cases, or possibly by identifying person at increased risk of sporadic CRC in order to offer them tailored follow-up. Among the potential markers studied, our knowledge has advanced at most in toxigenic gram-negative bacteria. In this review, we assess their potential critically and recommend those best suited for prospective evaluation of their true ability to increase the sensitivity of FOBT when combined during general population screening. In our opinion, colibactin and Bacteroides fragilis toxin are the best candidates, possibly complemented by the cytotoxic necrotizing factor (CNF).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Mezerova
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Vladislav Raclavsky
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Lubomir Stary
- Department of Surgery I, University Hospital Olomouc, Czech Republic
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58
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Mezerová K, Starý L, Zbořil P, Klementa I, Stašek M, Špička P, Skalický P, Raclavský V. Cyclomodulins and Hemolysis in E. coli as Potential Low-Cost Non-Invasive Biomarkers for Colorectal Cancer Screening. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:1165. [PMID: 34833041 PMCID: PMC8621933 DOI: 10.3390/life11111165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The frequent occurrence of E. coli positive for cyclomodulins such as colibactin (CLB), the cytotoxic necrotizing factor (CNF), and the cytolethal distending factor (CDT) in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients published so far provides the opportunity to use them as CRC screening markers. We examined the practicability and performance of a low-cost detection approach that relied on culture followed by simplified DNA extraction and PCR in E. coli isolates recovered from 130 CRC patients and 111 controls. Our results showed a statistically significant association between CRC and the presence of colibactin genes clbB and clbN, the cnf gene, and newly, the hemolytic phenotype of E. coli isolates. We also observed a significant increase in the mean number of morphologically distinct E. coli isolates per patient in the CRC cohort compared to controls, indicating that the cyclomodulin-producing E. coli strains may represent potentially preventable harmful newcomers in CRC patients. A colibactin gene assay showed the highest detection rate (45.4%), and males would benefit from the screening more than females. However, because of the high number of false positives, practical use of this marker must be explored. In our opinion, it may serve as an auxiliary marker to increase the specificity and/or sensitivity of the well-established fecal immunochemical test (FIT) in CRC screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristýna Mezerová
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, Hněvotínská 3, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic;
| | - Lubomír Starý
- First Department of Surgery, University Hospital Olomouc, I. P. Pavlova 6, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (L.S.); (P.Z.); (I.K.); (M.S.); (P.Š.); (P.S.)
| | - Pavel Zbořil
- First Department of Surgery, University Hospital Olomouc, I. P. Pavlova 6, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (L.S.); (P.Z.); (I.K.); (M.S.); (P.Š.); (P.S.)
| | - Ivo Klementa
- First Department of Surgery, University Hospital Olomouc, I. P. Pavlova 6, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (L.S.); (P.Z.); (I.K.); (M.S.); (P.Š.); (P.S.)
| | - Martin Stašek
- First Department of Surgery, University Hospital Olomouc, I. P. Pavlova 6, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (L.S.); (P.Z.); (I.K.); (M.S.); (P.Š.); (P.S.)
| | - Petr Špička
- First Department of Surgery, University Hospital Olomouc, I. P. Pavlova 6, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (L.S.); (P.Z.); (I.K.); (M.S.); (P.Š.); (P.S.)
| | - Pavel Skalický
- First Department of Surgery, University Hospital Olomouc, I. P. Pavlova 6, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (L.S.); (P.Z.); (I.K.); (M.S.); (P.Š.); (P.S.)
| | - Vladislav Raclavský
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, Hněvotínská 3, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic;
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Nooij S, Ducarmon QR, Laros JFJ, Zwittink RD, Norman JM, Smits WK, Verspaget HW, Keller JJ, Terveer EM, Kuijper EJ. Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Influences Procarcinogenic Escherichia coli in Recipient Recurrent Clostridioides difficile Patients. Gastroenterology 2021; 161:1218-1228.e5. [PMID: 34126062 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2021.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Patients with multiple recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection (rCDI) have a disturbed gut microbiota that can be restored by fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). Despite extensive screening, healthy feces donors may carry bacteria in their intestinal tract that could have long-term health effects, such as potentially procarcinogenic polyketide synthase-positive (pks+) Escherichia coli. Here, we aim to determine whether the pks abundance and persistence of pks+E coli is influenced by pks status of the donor feces. METHODS In a cohort of 49 patients with rCDI treated with FMT and matching donor samples-the largest cohort of its kind, to our knowledge-we retrospectively screened fecal metagenomes for pks+E coli and compared the presence of pks in patients before and after treatment and to their respective donors. RESULTS The pks island was more prevalent (P = .026) and abundant (P < .001) in patients with rCDI (pre-FMT, 27 of 49 [55%]; median, 0.46 reads per kilobase per million [RPKM] pks) than in healthy donors (3 of 8 donors [37.5%], 11 of 38 samples [29%]; median, 0.01 RPKM pks). The pks status of patients post-FMT depended on the pks status of the donor suspension with which the patient was treated (P = .046). Particularly, persistence (8 of 9 cases) or clearance (13 of 18) of pks+E coli in pks+ patients was correlated to pks in the donor (P = .004). CONCLUSIONS We conclude that FMT contributes to pks+E coli persistence or eradication in patients with rCDI but that donor-to-patient transmission of pks+E coli is unlikely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Nooij
- Experimental Bacteriology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Netherlands Donor Feces Bank, Leiden, the Netherlands; Center for Microbiome Analyses and Therapeutics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Quinten R Ducarmon
- Experimental Bacteriology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Center for Microbiome Analyses and Therapeutics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Jeroen F J Laros
- Center for Microbiome Analyses and Therapeutics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Romy D Zwittink
- Experimental Bacteriology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Center for Microbiome Analyses and Therapeutics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Wiep Klaas Smits
- Experimental Bacteriology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Center for Microbiome Analyses and Therapeutics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Hein W Verspaget
- Department of Gastroenterology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Biobanking, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Josbert J Keller
- Department of Gastroenterology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Gastroenterology, Haaglanden Medical Center, The Hague, the Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth M Terveer
- Experimental Bacteriology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Netherlands Donor Feces Bank, Leiden, the Netherlands; Center for Microbiome Analyses and Therapeutics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Ed J Kuijper
- Experimental Bacteriology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Netherlands Donor Feces Bank, Leiden, the Netherlands; Center for Microbiome Analyses and Therapeutics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
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60
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Wernke KM, Tirla A, Xue M, Surovtseva YV, Menges FS, Herzon SB. Probing Microbiome Genotoxicity: A Stable Colibactin Provides Insight into Structure-Activity Relationships and Facilitates Mechanism of Action Studies. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:15824-15833. [PMID: 34524796 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c07559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Colibactin is a genotoxic metabolite produced by commensal-pathogenic members of the human microbiome that possess the clb (aka pks) biosynthetic gene cluster. clb+ bacteria induce tumorigenesis in models of intestinal inflammation and have been causally linked to oncogenesis in humans. While colibactin is believed underlie these effects, it has not been possible to study the molecule directly due to its instability. Herein, we report the synthesis and biological studies of colibactin 742 (4), a stable colibactin derivative. We show that colibactin 742 (4) induces DNA interstrand-cross-links, activation of the Fanconi Anemia DNA repair pathway, and G2/M arrest in a manner similar to clb+E. coli. The linear precursor 9, which mimics the biosynthetic precursor to colibactin, also recapitulates the bacterial phenotype. In the course of this work, we discovered a novel cyclization pathway that was previously undetected in MS-based studies of colibactin, suggesting a refinement to the natural product structure and its mode of DNA binding. Colibactin 742 (4) and its precursor 9 will allow researchers to study colibactin's genotoxic effects independent of the producing organism for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M Wernke
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Alina Tirla
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Mengzhao Xue
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Yulia V Surovtseva
- Yale Center for Molecular Discovery, Yale University, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
| | - Fabian S Menges
- Chemical and Biophysical Instrumentation Center, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Seth B Herzon
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
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Lou YC, Olm MR, Diamond S, Crits-Christoph A, Firek BA, Baker R, Morowitz MJ, Banfield JF. Infant gut strain persistence is associated with maternal origin, phylogeny, and traits including surface adhesion and iron acquisition. Cell Rep Med 2021; 2:100393. [PMID: 34622230 PMCID: PMC8484513 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Gut microbiome succession affects infant development. However, it remains unclear what factors promote persistence of initial bacterial colonizers in the developing gut. Here, we perform strain-resolved analyses to compare gut colonization of preterm and full-term infants throughout the first year of life and evaluate associations between strain persistence and strain origin as well as genetic potential. Analysis of fecal metagenomes collected from 13 full-term and 9 preterm infants reveals that infants' initially distinct microbiomes converge by age 1 year. Approximately 11% of early colonizers, primarily Bacteroides and Bifidobacterium, persist during the first year of life, and those are more prevalent in full-term, compared with preterm infants. Examination of 17 mother-infant pairs reveals maternal gut strains are significantly more likely to persist in the infant gut than other strains. Enrichment in genes for surface adhesion, iron acquisition, and carbohydrate degradation may explain persistence of some strains through the first year of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Clare Lou
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Matthew R. Olm
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Spencer Diamond
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94709, USA
| | - Alexander Crits-Christoph
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Brian A. Firek
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Robyn Baker
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Michael J. Morowitz
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Jillian F. Banfield
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94709, USA
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Earth Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94705, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
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62
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Wang P, Zhang J, Chen Y, Zhong H, Wang H, Li J, Zhu G, Xia P, Cui L, Li J, Dong J, Gao Q, Meng X. Colibactin in avian pathogenic Escherichia coli contributes to the development of meningitis in a mouse model. Virulence 2021; 12:2382-2399. [PMID: 34529552 PMCID: PMC8451452 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2021.1972538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Colibactin is synthesized by a 54-kb genomic island, leads to toxicity in eukaryotic cells, and plays a vital role in many diseases, including neonatal sepsis and meningitis. Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) is speculated to be an armory of extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli and can be a potential zoonotic bacterium that threatens human and animal health. In this study, the APEC XM meningitis mouse model was successfully established to investigate the effect of colibactin in in vivo infection. The clbH-deletion mutant strain induced lower γ-H2AX expression, no megalocytosis, and no cell cycle arrest in bEnd.3 cells, which showed that the deletion of clbH decreased the production of colibactin in the APEC XM strain. The deletion of clbH did not affect the APEC XM strain’s ability of adhering to and invading bEnd.3 cells. In vitro, the non-colibactin-producing strain displayed significantly lower serum resistance and it also induced a lower level of cytokine mRNA and few disruptions of tight junction proteins in infected bEnd.3 cells. Meningitis did not occur in APEC ΔclbH-infected mice in vivo, who showed fewer clinical symptoms and fewer lesions on radiological and histopathological analyses. Compared with the APEX XM strain, APEC ΔclbH induced lower bacterial colonization in tissues, lower mRNA expression of cytokines in brain tissues, and slight destruction of the brain blood barrier. These results indicate that clbH is a necessary component for the synthesis of genotoxic colibactin, and colibactin is related to the development of meningitis induced by APEC XM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peili Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou
| | - Jiaxiang Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou
| | - Yanfei Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou
| | - Haoran Zhong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou
| | - Heng Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou
| | - Jianji Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou
| | - Guoqiang Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou
| | - Pengpeng Xia
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou
| | - Luying Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou
| | - Jun Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou
| | - Junsheng Dong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou
| | - Qingqing Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou
| | - Xia Meng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou
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63
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Nouri R, Hasani A, Shirazi KM, Aliand MR, Sepehri B, Sotoodeh S, Hemmati F, Rezaee MA. Escherichia coli and colorectal cancer: Unfolding the enigmatic relationship. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2021; 23:1257-1268. [PMID: 34514986 DOI: 10.2174/1389201022666210910094827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the deadliest cancers in the world. Specific strains of intestinal Escherichia coli (E. coli) may influence the initiation and development of CRC by exploiting virulence factors and inflammatory pathways. Mucosa-associated E. coli strains are more prevalent in CRC biopsies in comparison to healthy controls. Moreover, these strains can survive and replicate within macrophages and induce a pro-inflammatory response. Chronic exposure to inflammatory mediators can lead to increased cell proliferation and cancer. Production of colobactin toxin by the majority of mucosa-associated E. coli isolated from CRC patients is another notable finding. Colibactin-producing E. coli strains, in particular, induce double-strand DNA breaks, stop the cell cycle, involve in chromosomal rearrangements of mammalian cells and are implicated in carcinogenic effects in animal models. Moreover, some enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) strains are able to survive and replicate in colon cells as chronic intracellular pathogens and may promote susceptibility to CRC by downregulation of DNA Mismatch Repair (MMR) proteins. In this review, we discuss current evidence and focus on the mechanisms by which E. coli can influence the development of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rogayeh Nouri
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz. Iran
| | - Alka Hasani
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz. Iran
| | - Kourosh Masnadi Shirazi
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz. Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Aliand
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz. Iran
| | - Bita Sepehri
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz. Iran
| | - Simin Sotoodeh
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz. Iran
| | - Fatemeh Hemmati
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz. Iran
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64
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Kim CS, Turocy T, Moon G, Shine EE, Crawford JM. Escherichia coli-Derived γ-Lactams and Structurally Related Metabolites Are Produced at the Intersection of Colibactin and Fatty Acid Biosynthesis. Org Lett 2021; 23:6895-6899. [PMID: 34406772 PMCID: PMC10577019 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c02461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Colibactin is a genotoxic hybrid polyketide-nonribosomal peptide that drives colorectal cancer initiation. While clinical data suggest colibactin genotoxicity in vivo is largely caused by the major DNA-cross-linking metabolite, the colibactin locus produces a diverse collection of metabolites with mostly unknown biological activities. Here, we describe 10 new colibactin pathway metabolites (1-10) that are dependent on its α-aminomalonyl-carrier protein. The most abundant metabolites, 1 and 2, were isolated and structurally characterized mainly by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to be γ-lactam derivatives, and the remaining related structures were inferred via shared biosynthetic logic. Our proposed formation of 1-10, which is supported by stereochemical analysis, invokes cross-talk between colibactin and fatty acid biosynthesis, illuminating further the complexity of this diversity-oriented pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung Sub Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
- Institute of Biomolecular Design & Discovery, Yale University, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Tayah Turocy
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
- Institute of Biomolecular Design & Discovery, Yale University, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
| | - Gyuri Moon
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Emilee E. Shine
- Institute of Biomolecular Design & Discovery, Yale University, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06536, United States
- Present address: Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Jason M. Crawford
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
- Institute of Biomolecular Design & Discovery, Yale University, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06536, United States
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65
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Vitale G, Dicitore A, Barrea L, Sbardella E, Razzore P, Campione S, Faggiano A, Colao A, Albertelli M, Altieri B, Bottiglieri F, De Cicco F, Di Molfetta S, Fanciulli G, Feola T, Ferone D, Ferraù F, Gallo M, Giannetta E, Grillo F, Grossrubatscher E, Guadagno E, Guarnotta V, Isidori AM, Lania A, Lenzi A, Calzo FL, Malandrino P, Messina E, Modica R, Muscogiuri G, Pes L, Pizza G, Pofi R, Puliani G, Rainone C, Rizza L, Rubino M, Ruggieri RM, Sesti F, Venneri MA, Zatelli MC. From microbiota toward gastro-enteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms: Are we on the highway to hell? Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2021; 22:511-525. [PMID: 32935263 PMCID: PMC8346435 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-020-09589-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Gut microbiota is represented by different microorganisms that colonize the intestinal tract, mostly the large intestine, such as bacteria, fungi, archaea and viruses. The gut microbial balance has a key role in several functions. It modulates the host's metabolism, maintains the gut barrier integrity, participates in the xenobiotics and drug metabolism, and acts as protection against gastro-intestinal pathogens through the host's immune system modulation. The impaired gut microbiota, called dysbiosis, may be the result of an imbalance in this equilibrium and is linked with different diseases, including cancer. While most of the studies have focused on the association between microbiota and gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas, very little is known about gastroenteropancreatic (GEP) neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs). In this review, we provide an overview concerning the complex interplay between gut microbiota and GEP NENs, focusing on the potential role in tumorigenesis and progression in these tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Vitale
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Laboratory of Geriatric and Oncologic Neuroendocrinology Research, Cusano Milanino, MI, Italy.
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health (DISCCO), University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Dicitore
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health (DISCCO), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Luigi Barrea
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Emilia Sbardella
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Razzore
- Endocrinology Unit, A.O. Ordine Mauriziano, Turin, Italy
| | | | | | - Annamaria Colao
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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66
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Tsunematsu Y, Hosomi K, Kunisawa J, Sato M, Shibuya N, Saito E, Murakami H, Yoshikawa Y, Iwashita Y, Miyoshi N, Mutoh M, Ishikawa H, Sugimura H, Miyachi M, Wakabayashi K, Watanabe K. Mother-to-infant transmission of the carcinogenic colibactin-producing bacteria. BMC Microbiol 2021; 21:235. [PMID: 34429063 PMCID: PMC8386082 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-021-02292-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Escherichia coli strain that is known to produce the genotoxic secondary metabolite colibactin is linked to colorectal oncogenesis. Therefore, understanding the properties of such colibactin-positive E. coli and the molecular mechanism of oncogenesis by colibactin may provide us with opportunities for early diagnosis or prevention of colorectal oncogenesis. While there have been major advances in the characterization of colibactin-positive E. coli and the toxin it produces, the infection route of the clb + strain remains poorly characterized. RESULTS We examined infants and their treatments during and post-birth periods to examine potential transmission of colibactin-positive E. coli to infants. Here, analysis of fecal samples of infants over the first month of birth for the presence of a colibactin biosynthetic gene revealed that the bacterium may be transmitted from mother to infant through intimate contacts, such as natural childbirth and breastfeeding, but not through food intake. CONCLUSIONS Our finding suggests that transmission of colibactin-positive E. coli appears to be occurring at the very early stage of life of the newborn and hints at the possibility of developing early preventive measures against colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Tsunematsu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 422-8526, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Koji Hosomi
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research, Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, 567-0085, Ibaraki-city, Japan
| | - Jun Kunisawa
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research, Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, 567-0085, Ibaraki-city, Japan
| | - Michio Sato
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 422-8526, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Noriko Shibuya
- Department of Pediatrics, Maternal and Child Health Center, Aiiku Clinic, 106-8580, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Emiko Saito
- Department of Human Nutrition, Tokyo Kasei Gakuin University, 194-0292, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haruka Murakami
- Department of Physical Activity Research, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, 162-8636, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Yoshikawa
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 180-8602, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuji Iwashita
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 431- 3192, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Miyoshi
- Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 422-8526, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Michihiro Mutoh
- Department of Molecular-Targeting Cancer Prevention, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 602-8566, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hideki Ishikawa
- Department of Molecular-Targeting Cancer Prevention, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 602-8566, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Sugimura
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 431- 3192, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Motohiko Miyachi
- Department of Physical Activity Research, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, 162-8636, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiji Wakabayashi
- Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 422-8526, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 422-8526, Shizuoka, Japan.
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67
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Wang P, Zhang J, Chen Y, Zhong H, Wang H, Li J, Zhu G, Xia P, Cui L, Li J, Dong J, Gao Q, Meng X. ClbG in Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli Contributes to Meningitis Development in a Mouse Model. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:546. [PMID: 34437417 PMCID: PMC8402462 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13080546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colibactin is a complex secondary metabolite that leads to genotoxicity that interferes with the eukaryotic cell cycle. It plays an important role in many diseases, including neonatal mouse sepsis and meningitis. Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) is responsible for several diseases in the poultry industry and may threaten human health due to its potential zoonosis. In this study, we confirmed that clbG was necessary for the APEC XM strain to produce colibactin. The deletion of clbG on APEC XM contributed to lowered γH2AX expression, no megalocytosis, and no cell cycle arrest in vitro. None of the 4-week Institute of Cancer Research mice infected with the APEC XM ΔclbG contracted meningitis or displayed weakened clinical symptoms. Fewer histopathological lesions were observed in the APEC XM ΔclbG group. The bacterial colonization of tissues and the relative expression of cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) in the brains decreased significantly in the APEC XM ΔclbG group compared to those in the APEC XM group. The tight junction proteins (claudin-5, occludin, and ZO-1) were not significantly destroyed in APEC XM ΔclbG group in vivo and in vitro. In conclusion, clbG is necessary for the synthesis of the genotoxin colibactin and affects the development of APEC meningitis in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peili Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (P.W.); (J.Z.); (Y.C.); (H.Z.); (H.W.); (J.L.); (G.Z.); (P.X.); (L.C.); (J.L.); (J.D.); (Q.G.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jiaxiang Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (P.W.); (J.Z.); (Y.C.); (H.Z.); (H.W.); (J.L.); (G.Z.); (P.X.); (L.C.); (J.L.); (J.D.); (Q.G.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yanfei Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (P.W.); (J.Z.); (Y.C.); (H.Z.); (H.W.); (J.L.); (G.Z.); (P.X.); (L.C.); (J.L.); (J.D.); (Q.G.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Haoran Zhong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (P.W.); (J.Z.); (Y.C.); (H.Z.); (H.W.); (J.L.); (G.Z.); (P.X.); (L.C.); (J.L.); (J.D.); (Q.G.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Heng Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (P.W.); (J.Z.); (Y.C.); (H.Z.); (H.W.); (J.L.); (G.Z.); (P.X.); (L.C.); (J.L.); (J.D.); (Q.G.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jianji Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (P.W.); (J.Z.); (Y.C.); (H.Z.); (H.W.); (J.L.); (G.Z.); (P.X.); (L.C.); (J.L.); (J.D.); (Q.G.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Guoqiang Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (P.W.); (J.Z.); (Y.C.); (H.Z.); (H.W.); (J.L.); (G.Z.); (P.X.); (L.C.); (J.L.); (J.D.); (Q.G.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Pengpeng Xia
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (P.W.); (J.Z.); (Y.C.); (H.Z.); (H.W.); (J.L.); (G.Z.); (P.X.); (L.C.); (J.L.); (J.D.); (Q.G.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Luying Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (P.W.); (J.Z.); (Y.C.); (H.Z.); (H.W.); (J.L.); (G.Z.); (P.X.); (L.C.); (J.L.); (J.D.); (Q.G.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jun Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (P.W.); (J.Z.); (Y.C.); (H.Z.); (H.W.); (J.L.); (G.Z.); (P.X.); (L.C.); (J.L.); (J.D.); (Q.G.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Junsheng Dong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (P.W.); (J.Z.); (Y.C.); (H.Z.); (H.W.); (J.L.); (G.Z.); (P.X.); (L.C.); (J.L.); (J.D.); (Q.G.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Qingqing Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (P.W.); (J.Z.); (Y.C.); (H.Z.); (H.W.); (J.L.); (G.Z.); (P.X.); (L.C.); (J.L.); (J.D.); (Q.G.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xia Meng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (P.W.); (J.Z.); (Y.C.); (H.Z.); (H.W.); (J.L.); (G.Z.); (P.X.); (L.C.); (J.L.); (J.D.); (Q.G.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
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Sadecki PW, Balboa SJ, Lopez LR, Kedziora KM, Arthur JC, Hicks LM. Evolution of Polymyxin Resistance Regulates Colibactin Production in Escherichia coli. ACS Chem Biol 2021; 16:1243-1254. [PMID: 34232632 PMCID: PMC8601121 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.1c00322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The complex reservoir of metabolite-producing bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract contributes tremendously to human health and disease. Bacterial composition, and by extension gut metabolomic composition, is undoubtably influenced by the use of modern antibiotics. Herein, we demonstrate that polymyxin B, a last resort antibiotic, influences the production of the genotoxic metabolite colibactin from adherent-invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC) NC101. Colibactin can promote colorectal cancer through DNA double stranded breaks and interstrand cross-links. While the structure and biosynthesis of colibactin have been elucidated, chemical-induced regulation of its biosynthetic gene cluster and subsequent production of the genotoxin by E. coli are largely unexplored. Using a multiomic approach, we identified that polymyxin B stress enhances the abundance of colibactin biosynthesis proteins (Clb's) in multiple pks+ E. coli strains, including pro-carcinogenic AIEC, NC101; the probiotic strain, Nissle 1917; and the antibiotic testing strain, ATCC 25922. Expression analysis via qPCR revealed that increased transcription of clb genes likely contributes to elevated Clb protein levels in NC101. Enhanced production of Clb's by NC101 under polymyxin stress matched an increased production of the colibactin prodrug motif, a proxy for the mature genotoxic metabolite. Furthermore, E. coli with a heightened tolerance for polymyxin induced greater mammalian DNA damage, assessed by quantification of γH2AX staining in cultured intestinal epithelial cells. This study establishes a key link between the polymyxin B stress response and colibactin production in pks+ E. coli. Ultimately, our findings will inform future studies investigating colibactin regulation and the ability of seemingly innocuous commensal microbes to induce host disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patric W. Sadecki
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Samantha J. Balboa
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Lacey R. Lopez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Katarzyna M. Kedziora
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Bioinformatics and Analytics Research Collaborative (BARC), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Janelle C. Arthur
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Leslie M. Hicks
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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Abstract
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The genomic era has dramatically changed how we discover and investigate
microbial biochemistry. In particular, the exponential expansion in
the number of sequenced microbial genomes provides investigators with
a vast wealth of sequence data to exploit for the discovery of biochemical
functions and mechanisms, as well as novel enzymes and metabolites.
In contrast to early biochemical work, which was largely characterized
by “forward” approaches that proceed from biomass to
enzyme to gene, the availability of genome sequences enables the discovery
of new microbial metabolic activities, enzymes, and metabolites by
“reverse” approaches that originate with genetic information
or by approaches that incorporate features of both forward and reverse
methodologies. In the genomic era, the canonical organization of microbial
genomes into gene clusters presents a singular opportunity for the
utilization of genomic data. Specifically, genomic context (information
gleaned from the genes surrounding a gene of interest in the chromosome)
is a powerful tool for chemical discovery in microbial systems because
of the functional and/or physiological relationship that usually exists
between genes found within a gene cluster. This means that the investigator
can use this inferred link to generate hypotheses about the functions
of individual genes in the cluster or even the function of the entire
cluster itself. Here, we discuss how analysis of genomic context in
combination with a mechanistic understanding of enzymes can facilitate
numerous facets of microbial biochemical research including the identification
of biosynthetic gene clusters, the discovery of important and novel
enzymes, the elucidation of natural product structures, and the identification
of new metabolic pathways. We highlight work from our laboratory using
genomic context to discover and study biosynthetic pathways that produce
natural products, including the cylindrocyclophanes, nitrogen–nitrogen
bond-containing metabolites, and the gut microbial genotoxin colibactin.
Although use of genomic context is most commonly associated with studies
of natural product biosynthesis, we also show that it can be applied
to the study of primary metabolism. We illustrate this with examples
from our work studying the members of the glycyl radical enzyme superfamily
involved in choline and 4-hydroxyproline degradation in the human
gut. Looking forward, we envision increased opportunities to use such
information, with the combination of biochemical knowledge and computational
tools poised to fuel a new revolution in our ability to connect genes
and their biochemical functions. In particular, we note a need for
methods that computationally formalize the functional association
between genes when such associations are not obvious from manual gene
annotations. Such tools will drastically augment the feasibility and
scope of gene cluster analysis and accelerate the discovery of new
microbial enzymes, metabolites, and metabolic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duncan J. Kountz
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Emily P. Balskus
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
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70
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Abstract
Bacteria acquire novel DNA through horizontal gene transfer (HGT), a process that enables an organism to rapidly adapt to changing environmental conditions, provides a competitive edge and potentially alters its relationship with its host. Although the HGT process is routinely exploited in laboratories, there is a surprising disconnect between what we know from laboratory experiments and what we know from natural environments, such as the human gut microbiome. Owing to a suite of newly available computational algorithms and experimental approaches, we have a broader understanding of the genes that are being transferred and are starting to understand the ecology of HGT in natural microbial communities. This Review focuses on these new technologies, the questions they can address and their limitations. As these methods are applied more broadly, we are beginning to recognize the full extent of HGT possible within a microbiome and the punctuated dynamics of HGT, specifically in response to external stimuli. Furthermore, we are better characterizing the complex selective pressures on mobile genetic elements and the mechanisms by which they interact with the bacterial host genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilana Lauren Brito
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
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71
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Virulence among different types of hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae with multi-locus sequence type (MLST)-11, Serotype K1 or K2 strains. Gut Pathog 2021; 13:40. [PMID: 34154656 PMCID: PMC8218402 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-021-00439-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Two different types of hypervirulent K. pneumoniae (HvKp), the MLST-11 and serotype K1/K2 strains, have been frequently described in recent studies. Although these two types of strains were described to be HvKp, their virulence was not compared. In this study, in vitro and in vivo approaches were used to assess differences in virulence. Materials and methods A total of twenty-nine isolates, including 6 strains of each of serotype K1 and K2 isolates and 17 strains of ST11 isolates, were selected for this study. Phenotypic tests of virulence were performed by the string test and analysis of the virulent associated genes was detected by PCR. In vitro models of serum resistance and phagocytosis were used as the parameters to assess the virulence. In-frame deletion of virulence-associated genes was performed to study their contributions to virulence. The median lethal dose, i.e., the LD50, in mice was determined following IP injection. Results Although serotype K1 and K2 strains and ST11 isolates had similar virulence gene profiles, the ST11 isolates showed less serum and phagocytic resistance than the serotype K1/K2 isolates. The mouse lethality test revealed that all ST11 isolates were unable to cause lethality, even at > 107 CFU, while serotypes K1 and K2 showed an LD50 at ≤ 103 CFU. Aerobactin or capsule knockout mutants exhibited a lower LD50 than the parental strain, while capsule mutants showed a more significant decrease in LD50. Conclusion Since there was a significant difference in virulence levels between the two types of HvKp when assessed in in vitro and in vivo models, it may be better to use the designation "HvKp" for some strains based on animal studies to avoid confusion. Virulence and non-virulence could be analysed in a relative manner, especially in comparison studies. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13099-021-00439-z.
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72
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Wami H, Wallenstein A, Sauer D, Stoll M, von Bünau R, Oswald E, Müller R, Dobrindt U. Insights into evolution and coexistence of the colibactin- and yersiniabactin secondary metabolite determinants in enterobacterial populations. Microb Genom 2021; 7. [PMID: 34128785 PMCID: PMC8461471 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The bacterial genotoxin colibactin interferes with the eukaryotic cell cycle by causing dsDNA breaks. It has been linked to bacterially induced colorectal cancer in humans. Colibactin is encoded by a 54 kb genomic region in Enterobacteriaceae. The colibactin genes commonly co-occur with the yersiniabactin biosynthetic determinant. Investigating the prevalence and sequence diversity of the colibactin determinant and its linkage to the yersiniabactin operon in prokaryotic genomes, we discovered mainly species-specific lineages of the colibactin determinant and classified three main structural settings of the colibactin–yersiniabactin genomic region in Enterobacteriaceae. The colibactin gene cluster has a similar but not identical evolutionary track to that of the yersiniabactin operon. Both determinants could have been acquired on several occasions and/or exchanged independently between enterobacteria by horizontal gene transfer. Integrative and conjugative elements play(ed) a central role in the evolution and structural diversity of the colibactin–yersiniabactin genomic region. Addition of an activating and regulating module (clbAR) to the biosynthesis and transport module (clbB-S) represents the most recent step in the evolution of the colibactin determinant. In a first attempt to correlate colibactin expression with individual lineages of colibactin determinants and different bacterial genetic backgrounds, we compared colibactin expression of selected enterobacterial isolates in vitro. Colibactin production in the tested Klebsiella species and Citrobacter koseri strains was more homogeneous and generally higher than that in most of the Escherichia coli isolates studied. Our results improve the understanding of the diversity of colibactin determinants and its expression level, and may contribute to risk assessment of colibactin-producing enterobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haleluya Wami
- Institute of Hygiene, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Daniel Sauer
- Department of Microbial Natural Products, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland, Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Saarland University, Campus E8 1, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Monika Stoll
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Eric Oswald
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Rolf Müller
- Department of Microbial Natural Products, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland, Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Saarland University, Campus E8 1, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Ulrich Dobrindt
- Institute of Hygiene, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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73
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LaCourse KD, Johnston CD, Bullman S. The relationship between gastrointestinal cancers and the microbiota. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 6:498-509. [PMID: 33743198 PMCID: PMC10773981 DOI: 10.1016/s2468-1253(20)30362-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The contribution of the microbiota to disease progression and treatment efficacy is often neglected when determining who is at the highest risk of developing gastrointestinal cancers or designing treatment strategies for patients. We reviewed the current literature on the effect of the human microbiota on cancer risk, prognosis, and treatment efficacy. We highlight emerging research that seeks to identify microbial signatures as biomarkers for various gastrointestinal cancers, and discuss how we could harness knowledge of the microbiome to detect, prevent, and treat these cancers. Finally, we outline further research needed in the field of gastrointestinal cancers and the microbiota, and describe the efforts required to increase the accuracy and reproducibility of data linking the microbiome to cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn D LaCourse
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Christopher D Johnston
- Vaccine and Infection Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Susan Bullman
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
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74
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Gut Microbiota as Potential Biomarker and/or Therapeutic Target to Improve the Management of Cancer: Focus on Colibactin-Producing Escherichia coli in Colorectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13092215. [PMID: 34063108 PMCID: PMC8124679 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13092215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Gut microbiota is emerging as new diagnostic and prognostic marker and/or therapeutic target to improve the management of cancer. This review aims to summarize microbial signatures that have been associated with digestive and other cancers. We report the clinical relevance of these microbial markers to predict the response to cancer therapy. Among these biomarkers, colibactin-producing E. coli are prevalent in the colonic mucosa of patients with colorectal cancer and they promote colorectal carcinogenesis in several pre-clinical models. Here we discuss the promising use of colibactin-producing E. coli as a new predictive factor and a therapeutic target in colon cancer management. Abstract The gut microbiota is crucial for physiological development and immunological homeostasis. Alterations of this microbial community called dysbiosis, have been associated with cancers such colorectal cancers (CRC). The pro-carcinogenic potential of this dysbiotic microbiota has been demonstrated in the colon. Recently the role of the microbiota in the efficacy of anti-tumor therapeutic strategies has been described in digestive cancers and in other cancers (e.g., melanoma and sarcoma). Different bacterial species seem to be implicated in these mechanisms: F. nucleatum, B. fragilis, and colibactin-associated E. coli (CoPEC). CoPEC bacteria are prevalent in the colonic mucosa of patients with CRC and they promote colorectal carcinogenesis in susceptible mouse models of CRC. In this review, we report preclinical and clinical data that suggest that CoPEC could be a new factor predictive of poor outcomes that could be used to improve cancer management. Moreover, we describe the possibility of using these bacteria as new therapeutic targets.
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75
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Auvray F, Perrat A, Arimizu Y, Chagneau CV, Bossuet-Greif N, Massip C, Brugère H, Nougayrède JP, Hayashi T, Branchu P, Ogura Y, Oswald E. Insights into the acquisition of the pks island and production of colibactin in the Escherichia coli population. Microb Genom 2021; 7:000579. [PMID: 33961542 PMCID: PMC8209727 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The pks island codes for the enzymes necessary for synthesis of the genotoxin colibactin, which contributes to the virulence of Escherichia coli strains and is suspected of promoting colorectal cancer. From a collection of 785 human and bovine E. coli isolates, we identified 109 strains carrying a highly conserved pks island, mostly from phylogroup B2, but also from phylogroups A, B1 and D. Different scenarios of pks acquisition were deduced from whole genome sequence and phylogenetic analysis. In the main scenario, pks was introduced and stabilized into certain sequence types (STs) of the B2 phylogroup, such as ST73 and ST95, at the asnW tRNA locus located in the vicinity of the yersiniabactin-encoding High Pathogenicity Island (HPI). In a few B2 strains, pks inserted at the asnU or asnV tRNA loci close to the HPI and occasionally was located next to the remnant of an integrative and conjugative element. In a last scenario specific to B1/A strains, pks was acquired, independently of the HPI, at a non-tRNA locus. All the pks-positive strains except 18 produced colibactin. Sixteen strains contained mutations in clbB or clbD, or a fusion of clbJ and clbK and were no longer genotoxic but most of them still produced low amounts of potentially active metabolites associated with the pks island. One strain was fully metabolically inactive without pks alteration, but colibactin production was restored by overexpressing the ClbR regulator. In conclusion, the pks island is not restricted to human pathogenic B2 strains and is more widely distributed in the E. coli population, while preserving its functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Auvray
- IRSD, INSERM, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Alexandre Perrat
- IRSD, INSERM, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Yoko Arimizu
- Department of Bacteriology, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | | | - Clémence Massip
- IRSD, INSERM, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
- CHU Toulouse, Hôpital Purpan, Service de Bactériologie-Hygiène, Toulouse, France
| | - Hubert Brugère
- IRSD, INSERM, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Tetsuya Hayashi
- Department of Bacteriology, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Priscilla Branchu
- IRSD, INSERM, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Yoshitoshi Ogura
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Infectious Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Eric Oswald
- IRSD, INSERM, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
- CHU Toulouse, Hôpital Purpan, Service de Bactériologie-Hygiène, Toulouse, France
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76
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Strakova N, Korena K, Karpiskova R. Klebsiella pneumoniae producing bacterial toxin colibactin as a risk of colorectal cancer development - A systematic review. Toxicon 2021; 197:126-135. [PMID: 33901549 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2021.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Microbiota can significantly contribute to colorectal cancer initiation and development. It was described that E. coli harbouring polyketide synthase (pks) genes can synthetize bacterial toxin colibactin, which was first described by Nougayrede's group in 2006. E. coli positive for pks genes were overrepresented in colorectal cancer biopsies and, therefore, prevalence and the effect of pks positive bacteria as a risk factor in colorectal cancer development is in our interest. Interestingly, pks gene cluster in E. coli shares a striking 100% sequence identity with K. pneumoniae, suggesting that their function and regulation are conserved. Moreover, K. pneumoniae can express a variety of virulence factors, including capsules, siderophores, iron-scavenging systems, adhesins and endotoxins. It was reported that pks cluster and thereby colibactin is also related to the hypervirulence of K. pneumoniae. Acquisition of the pks locus is associated with K. pneumoniae gut colonisation and mucosal invasion. Colibactin also increases the likelihood of serious complications of bacterial infections, such as development of meningitis and potentially tumorigenesis. Even though K. pneumoniae is undoubtedly a gut colonizer, the role of pks positive K. pneumoniae in GIT has not yet been investigated. It seems that CRC-distinctive microbiota is already present in the early stages of cancer development and, therefore, microbiome analysis could help to discover the early stages of cancer, which are crucial for effectiveness of anticancer therapy. We hypothesize, that pks positive K. pneumoniae can be a potential biomarker of tumour prevalence and anticancer therapy response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicol Strakova
- Laboratory of Zoonoses and Antibiotic Resistance, Department of Microbiology and Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Hudcova 296/70, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Kristyna Korena
- Laboratory of Zoonoses and Antibiotic Resistance, Department of Microbiology and Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Hudcova 296/70, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Renata Karpiskova
- Laboratory of Zoonoses and Antibiotic Resistance, Department of Microbiology and Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Hudcova 296/70, Brno, Czech Republic
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77
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González‐Sánchez P, DeNicola GM. The microbiome(s) and cancer: know thy neighbor(s). J Pathol 2021; 254:332-343. [DOI: 10.1002/path.5661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paloma González‐Sánchez
- Department of Cancer Physiology H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute Tampa FL USA
| | - Gina M DeNicola
- Department of Cancer Physiology H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute Tampa FL USA
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78
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Zhou T, Hirayama Y, Tsunematsu Y, Suzuki N, Tanaka S, Uchiyama N, Goda Y, Yoshikawa Y, Iwashita Y, Sato M, Miyoshi N, Mutoh M, Ishikawa H, Sugimura H, Wakabayashi K, Watanabe K. Isolation of New Colibactin Metabolites from Wild-Type Escherichia coli and In Situ Trapping of a Mature Colibactin Derivative. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:5526-5533. [PMID: 33787233 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c01495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Colibactin is a polyketide-nonribosomal peptide hybrid secondary metabolite that can form interstrand cross-links in double-stranded DNA. Colibactin-producing Escherichia coli has also been linked to colorectal oncogenesis. Thus, there is a strong interest in understanding the role colibactin may play in oncogenesis. Here, using the high-colibactin-producing wild-type E. coli strain we isolated from a clinical sample with the activity-based fluorescent probe we developed earlier, we were able to identify colibactin 770, which was recently identified and proposed as the complete form of colibactin, along with colibactin 788, 406, 416, 420, and 430 derived from colibactin 770 through structural rearrangements and solvolysis. Furthermore, we were able to trap the degrading mature colibactin species by converting the diketone moiety into quinoxaline in situ in the crude culture extract to form colibactin 860 at milligram scale. This allowed us to determine the stereochemically complex structure of the rearranged form of an intact colibactin, colibactin 788, in detail. Furthermore, our study suggested that we were capturing only a few percent of the actual colibactin produced by the microbe, providing a crude quantitative insight into the inherent instability of this compound. Through the structural assignment of colibactins and their degradative products by the combination of LC-HRMS and NMR spectroscopies, we were able to elucidate further the fate of inherently unstable colibactin, which could help acquire a more complete picture of colibactin metabolism and identify key DNA adducts and biomarkers for diagnosing colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhou
- Adenoprevent Co., Ltd., Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Hirayama
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Yuta Tsunematsu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Nanami Suzuki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Seiji Tanaka
- National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki 210-9501, Japan
| | - Nahoko Uchiyama
- National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki 210-9501, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Goda
- National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki 210-9501, Japan
| | - Yuko Yoshikawa
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
| | - Yuji Iwashita
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
| | - Michio Sato
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Miyoshi
- Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Michihiro Mutoh
- Department of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Hideki Ishikawa
- Department of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Sugimura
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
| | - Keiji Wakabayashi
- Graduate Division of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Adenoprevent Co., Ltd., Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
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79
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Abstract
The human microbiome encodes a second genome that dwarfs the genetic capacity of the host. Microbiota-derived small molecules can directly target human cells and their receptors or indirectly modulate host responses through functional interactions with other microbes in their ecological niche. Their biochemical complexity has profound implications for nutrition, immune system development, disease progression, and drug metabolism, as well as the variation in these processes that exists between individuals. While the species composition of the human microbiome has been deeply explored, detailed mechanistic studies linking specific microbial molecules to host phenotypes are still nascent. In this review, we discuss challenges in decoding these interaction networks, which require interdisciplinary approaches that combine chemical biology, microbiology, immunology, genetics, analytical chemistry, bioinformatics, and synthetic biology. We highlight important classes of microbiota-derived small molecules and notable examples. An understanding of these molecular mechanisms is central to realizing the potential of precision microbiome editing in health, disease, and therapeutic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilee E Shine
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06536, USA; .,Chemical Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, USA.,Current affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Jason M Crawford
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06536, USA; .,Chemical Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
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80
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Evolutionary Dynamics Based on Comparative Genomics of Pathogenic Escherichia coli Lineages Harboring Polyketide Synthase ( pks) Island. mBio 2021; 12:mBio.03634-20. [PMID: 33653937 PMCID: PMC8545132 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.03634-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The genotoxin colibactin is a secondary metabolite produced by the polyketide synthase (pks) island harbored by extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) and other members of the Enterobacteriaceae that has been increasingly reported to have critical implications in human health. The present study entails a high-throughput whole-genome comparison and phylogenetic analysis of such pathogenic E. coli isolates to gain insights into the patterns of distribution, horizontal transmission, and evolution of the island. For the current study, 23 pks-positive ExPEC genomes were newly sequenced, and their virulome and resistome profiles indicated a preponderance of virulence encoding genes and a reduced number of genes for antimicrobial resistance. In addition, 4,090 E. coli genomes from the public domain were also analyzed for large-scale screening for pks-positive genomes, out of which a total of 530 pks-positive genomes were studied to understand the subtype-based distribution pattern(s). The pks island showed a significant association with the B2 phylogroup (82.2%) and a high prevalence in sequence type 73 (ST73; n = 179) and ST95 (n = 110) and the O6:H1 (n = 110) serotype. Maximum-likelihood (ML) phylogeny of the core genome and intergenic regions (IGRs) of the ST95 model data set, which was selected because it had both pks-positive and pks-negative genomes, displayed clustering in relation to their carriage of the pks island. Prevalence patterns of genes encoding RM systems in the pks-positive and pks-negative genomes were also analyzed to determine their potential role in pks island acquisition and the maintenance capability of the genomes. Further, the maximum-likelihood phylogeny based on the core genome and pks island sequences from 247 genomes with an intact pks island demonstrated horizontal gene transfer of the island across sequence types and serotypes, with few exceptions. This study vitally contributes to understanding of the lineages and subtypes that have a higher propensity to harbor the pks island-encoded genotoxin with possible clinical implications.
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81
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Bacteria in Carcinogenesis and Cancer Prevention: A Review Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER MANAGEMENT 2021. [DOI: 10.5812/ijcm.107956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Context: Although conventional therapies improve the conditions of patients with cancer, adverse side effects, and resistance to different therapies have convinced scientists to use alternative methods to overcome these problems. One of the most promising research directions is the application of specific types of bacteria and their components to prevent and treat different cancers. Apart from the ability of bacteria to modulate immune responses, various particular properties such as toxin production and anaerobic lifestyle, have made them one of the potential candidates to help cancer therapy. Evidence Acquisition: In this review, the latest information on the role of bacteria in carcinogenesis and cancer prevention in PubMed, Google scholar, and Science Direct databases in 2020 were considered using a combination of keywords “bacteria”, “carcinogenesis”, “cancer” and “prevention”. Results: Bacteria-cancer interactions can be studied in 2 areas of bacteria and carcinogenesis and the other bacteria and cancer treatment or prevention. In this review, bacterial carcinogenicity has been mentioned with 3 main mechanisms: bacterial toxin, bacterial metabolites, and chronic inflammation caused by bacteria. Bacterial-mediated tumor therapy (BMTT) is briefly discussed in 8 mechanisms including tumor-targeting bacterial therapy, gene therapy and vectors, bacterial products, arginine metabolism, magnetotactic bacteria, combination bacteriolytic therapy (COBALT), immunomodulation of bacteria in cancer, and immune survival. Conclusions: The importance of bacteria in terms of diversity in their interaction with humans, as well as their components that can affect homeostasis and the immune system, has made them a powerful factor in describing the human condition in health and disease. These important elements can be used in the prevention and treatment of many complex diseases with different origins like cancer. The present study can provide an overview of the role of bacteria in cancer development or prevention and potential approaches for bacteria in cancer therapy.
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Miller AL, Bessho S, Grando K, Tükel Ç. Microbiome or Infections: Amyloid-Containing Biofilms as a Trigger for Complex Human Diseases. Front Immunol 2021; 12:638867. [PMID: 33717189 PMCID: PMC7952436 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.638867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The human microbiota is the community of microorganisms that live upon or within their human host. The microbiota consists of various microorganisms including bacteria, fungi, viruses, and archaea; the gut microbiota is comprised mostly of bacteria. Many bacterial species within the gut microbiome grow as biofilms, which are multicellular communities embedded in an extracellular matrix. Studies have shown that the relative abundances of bacterial species, and therefore biofilms and bacterial byproducts, change during progression of a variety of human diseases including gastrointestinal, autoimmune, neurodegenerative, and cancer. Studies have shown the location and proximity of the biofilms within the gastrointestinal tract might impact disease outcome. Gram-negative enteric bacteria secrete the amyloid curli, which makes up as much as 85% of the extracellular matrix of enteric biofilms. Curli mediates cell-cell attachment and attachment to various surfaces including extracellular matrix components such as fibronectin and laminin. Structurally, curli is strikingly similar to pathological and immunomodulatory human amyloids such as amyloid-β, which has been implicated in Alzheimer's disease, α-synuclein, which is involved in Parkinson's disease, and serum amyloid A, which is secreted during the acute phase of inflammation. The immune system recognizes both bacterial amyloid curli and human amyloids utilizing the same receptors, so curli also induces inflammation. Moreover, recent work indicates that curli can participate in the self-assembly process of pathological human amyloids. Curli is found within biofilms of commensal enteric bacteria as well as invasive pathogens; therefore, evidence suggests that curli contributes to complex human diseases. In this review, we summarize the recent findings on how bacterial biofilms containing curli participate in the pathological and immunological processes in gastrointestinal diseases, systemic autoimmune diseases, and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L Miller
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Shingo Bessho
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Kaitlyn Grando
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Çagla Tükel
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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Two Polyketides Intertwined in Complex Regulation: Posttranscriptional CsrA-Mediated Control of Colibactin and Yersiniabactin Synthesis in Escherichia coli. mBio 2021; 13:e0381421. [PMID: 35100864 PMCID: PMC8805033 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.03814-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteria have to process several levels of gene regulation and coordination of interconnected regulatory networks to ensure the most adequate cellular response to specific growth conditions. Especially, expression of complex and costly fitness and pathogenicity-associated traits is coordinated and tightly regulated at multiple levels. We studied the interconnected regulation of the expression of the colibactin and yersiniabactin polyketide biosynthesis machineries, which are encoded by two pathogenicity islands found in many phylogroup B2 Escherichia coli isolates. Comparative phenotypic and genotypic analyses identified the BarA-UvrY two-component system as an important regulatory element involved in colibactin and yersiniabactin expression. The carbon storage regulator (Csr) system controls the expression of a wide range of central metabolic and virulence-associated traits. The availability of CsrA, the key translational regulator of the Csr system, depends on BarA-UvrY activity. We employed reporter gene fusions to demonstrate UvrY- and CsrA-dependent expression of the colibactin and yersiniabactin determinants and confirmed a direct interaction of CsrA with the 5' untranslated leader transcripts of representative genes of the colibactin and yersiniabactin operons by RNA electrophoretic mobility shift assays. This posttranscriptional regulation adds an additional level of complexity to control mechanisms of polyketide expression, which is also orchestrated at the level of ferric uptake regulator (Fur)-dependent regulation of transcription and phosphopantetheinyl transferase-dependent activation of polyketide biosynthesis. Our results emphasize the interconnection of iron- and primary metabolism-responsive regulation of colibactin and yersiniabactin expression by the fine-tuned action of different regulatory mechanisms in response to variable environmental signals as a prerequisite for bacterial adaptability, fitness, and pathogenicity in different habitats. IMPORTANCE Secondary metabolite expression is a widespread strategy among bacteria to improve their fitness in habitats where they constantly compete for resources with other bacteria. The production of secondary metabolites is associated with a metabolic and energetic burden. Colibactin and yersiniabactin are two polyketides, which are expressed in concert and promote the virulence of different enterobacterial pathogens. To maximize fitness, they should be expressed only in microenvironments in which they are required. Accordingly, precise regulation of colibactin and yersiniabactin expression is crucial. We show that the expression of these two polyketides is also interconnected via primary metabolism-responsive regulation at the posttranscriptional level by the CsrA RNA-binding protein. Our findings may help to optimize (over-)expression and further functional characterization of the polyketide colibactin. Additionally, this new aspect of concerted colibactin and yersiniabactin expression extends our knowledge of conditions that favor the expression of these virulence- and fitness-associated factors in different Enterobacterales members.
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84
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Morel S, Delvin E, Marcil V, Levy E. Intestinal Dysbiosis and Development of Cardiometabolic Disorders in Childhood Cancer Survivors: A Critical Review. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 34:223-251. [PMID: 32390455 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Survivors of pediatric cancers have a high risk of developing side effects after the end of their treatments. Many potential factors have been associated with the onset of cardiometabolic disorders (CMD), including cancer disease itself, chemotherapy, hormonal treatment, radiotherapy, and genetics. However, the precise etiology and underlying mechanisms of these long-term complications are poorly understood. Recent Advances: Greater awareness is currently paid to the role of microbiota in the emergence of cancers and modulation of cancer therapies in both children and adults. Alterations in the composition and diversity of intestinal microbiota can clearly influence tumor development and progression as well as immune responses and clinical output. As dysbiosis is closely linked to the development of host metabolic diseases, including obesity, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, it may increase the risk of CMD in cancer populations. Critical Issues: Only limited studies targeting the profile of intestinal dysbiosis before and after cancer treatment have been conducted. Further, the exact contribution of intestinal dysbiosis to the development of CMD in cancer survivors is poorly appreciated. This review intends to clarify the influence of gut microbiota on CMD in childhood cancer survivors, elucidate the potential mechanisms, and evaluate the latest research on the interplay between diet/food supplement, microbiota, and cancer-related CMD. Future Directions: The implication of intestinal dysbiosis in late metabolic complications of childhood cancer survivors should be clarified. Intervention strategies could be developed to reduce the risk of survivors to CMD. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 34, 223-251.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Morel
- Research Centre, Sainte-Justine University Hospital Health Center, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada.,Department of Nutrition and Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Edgard Delvin
- Research Centre, Sainte-Justine University Hospital Health Center, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Valérie Marcil
- Research Centre, Sainte-Justine University Hospital Health Center, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada.,Department of Nutrition and Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Emile Levy
- Research Centre, Sainte-Justine University Hospital Health Center, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada.,Department of Nutrition and Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
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85
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Wong-Rolle A, Wei HK, Zhao C, Jin C. Unexpected guests in the tumor microenvironment: microbiome in cancer. Protein Cell 2020; 12:426-435. [PMID: 33296049 PMCID: PMC8106554 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-020-00813-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Although intestinal microbiome have been established as an important biomarker and regulator of cancer development and therapeutic response, less is known about the role of microbiome at other body sites in cancer. Emerging evidence has revealed that the local microbiota make up an important part of the tumor microenvironment across many types of cancer, especially in cancers arising from mucosal sites, including the lung, skin and gastrointestinal tract. The populations of bacteria that reside specifically within tumors have been found to be tumor-type specific, and mechanistic studies have demonstrated that tumor-associated microbiota may directly regulate cancer initiation, progression and responses to chemo- or immuno-therapies. This review aims to provide a comprehensive review of the important literature on the microbiota in the cancerous tissue, and their function and mechanism of action in cancer development and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Wong-Rolle
- Thoracic and Gastrointestinal Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 4 Memorial Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Haohan Karen Wei
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 421 Curie Blvd., Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Chen Zhao
- Thoracic and Gastrointestinal Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 4 Memorial Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Chengcheng Jin
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 421 Curie Blvd., Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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86
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Williams PC, Wernke KM, Tirla A, Herzon SB. Employing chemical synthesis to study the structure and function of colibactin, a "dark matter" metabolite. Nat Prod Rep 2020; 37:1532-1548. [PMID: 33174565 PMCID: PMC7700718 DOI: 10.1039/d0np00072h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Covering: 2015 to 2020 The field of natural products is dominated by a discovery paradigm that follows the sequence: isolation, structure elucidation, chemical synthesis, and then elucidation of mechanism of action and structure-activity relationships. Although this discovery paradigm has proven successful in the past, researchers have amassed enough evidence to conclude that the vast majority of nature's secondary metabolites - biosynthetic "dark matter" - cannot be identified and studied by this approach. Many biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) are expressed at low levels, or not at all, and in some instances a molecule's instability to fermentation or isolation prevents detection entirely. Here, we discuss an alternative approach to natural product identification that addresses these challenges by enlisting synthetic chemistry to prepare putative natural product fragments and structures as guided by biosynthetic insight. We demonstrate the utility of this approach through our structure elucidation of colibactin, an unisolable genotoxin produced by pathogenic bacteria in the human gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peyton C Williams
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.
| | - Kevin M Wernke
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.
| | - Alina Tirla
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.
| | - Seth B Herzon
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA. and Department of Pharmacology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
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87
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Desvaux M, Dalmasso G, Beyrouthy R, Barnich N, Delmas J, Bonnet R. Pathogenicity Factors of Genomic Islands in Intestinal and Extraintestinal Escherichia coli. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:2065. [PMID: 33101219 PMCID: PMC7545054 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.02065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli is a versatile bacterial species that includes both harmless commensal strains and pathogenic strains found in the gastrointestinal tract in humans and warm-blooded animals. The growing amount of DNA sequence information generated in the era of "genomics" has helped to increase our understanding of the factors and mechanisms involved in the diversification of this bacterial species. The pathogenic side of E. coli that is afforded through horizontal transfers of genes encoding virulence factors enables this bacterium to become a highly diverse and adapted pathogen that is responsible for intestinal or extraintestinal diseases in humans and animals. Many of the accessory genes acquired by horizontal transfers form syntenic blocks and are recognized as genomic islands (GIs). These genomic regions contribute to the rapid evolution, diversification and adaptation of E. coli variants because they are frequently subject to rearrangements, excision and transfer, as well as to further acquisition of additional DNA. Here, we review a subgroup of GIs from E. coli termed pathogenicity islands (PAIs), a concept defined in the late 1980s by Jörg Hacker and colleagues in Werner Goebel's group at the University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany. As with other GIs, the PAIs comprise large genomic regions that differ from the rest of the genome by their G + C content, by their typical insertion within transfer RNA genes, and by their harboring of direct repeats (at their ends), integrase determinants, or other mobility loci. The hallmark of PAIs is their contribution to the emergence of virulent bacteria and to the development of intestinal and extraintestinal diseases. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the structure and functional features of PAIs, on PAI-encoded E. coli pathogenicity factors and on the role of PAIs in host-pathogen interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mickaël Desvaux
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, MEDiS, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Guillaume Dalmasso
- UMR Inserm 1071, USC-INRAE 2018, M2iSH, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Racha Beyrouthy
- UMR Inserm 1071, USC-INRAE 2018, M2iSH, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Nicolas Barnich
- UMR Inserm 1071, USC-INRAE 2018, M2iSH, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Julien Delmas
- UMR Inserm 1071, USC-INRAE 2018, M2iSH, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Richard Bonnet
- UMR Inserm 1071, USC-INRAE 2018, M2iSH, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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88
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Watanabe D, Murakami H, Ohno H, Tanisawa K, Konishi K, Tsunematsu Y, Sato M, Miyoshi N, Wakabayashi K, Watanabe K, Miyachi M. Association between dietary intake and the prevalence of tumourigenic bacteria in the gut microbiota of middle-aged Japanese adults. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15221. [PMID: 32939005 PMCID: PMC7495490 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72245-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The relative contribution of diet to colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence is higher than that for other cancers. Animal models have revealed that Escherichia coli containing polyketide synthase (pks+ E. coli) in the gut participates in CRC development. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to examine the relationship between dietary intake and the prevalence of pks+ E. coli isolated from the microbiota in faecal samples of 223 healthy Japanese individuals. Dietary intake was assessed using a previously validated brief-type self-administered diet history questionnaire. The prevalence of pks+ E. coli was evaluated using faecal samples collected from participants and specific primers that detected pks+ E. coli. The prevalence of pks+ E. coli was 26.9%. After adjusting for baseline confounders, the prevalence of pks+ E. coli was negatively associated with the intake of green tea (odds ratio [OR], 0.59 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.30-0.88] per 100 g/1,000 kcal increment) and manganese (OR, 0.43 [95% CI 0.22-0.85] per 1 mg/1,000 kcal increment) and was positively associated with male sex (OR, 2.27 [95% CI 1.05-4.91]). While futher studies are needed to validate these findings, these results provide insight into potential dietary interventions for the prevention of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiki Watanabe
- Department of Physical Activity Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8636, Japan
| | - Haruka Murakami
- Department of Physical Activity Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8636, Japan
| | - Harumi Ohno
- Department of Physical Activity Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8636, Japan
| | - Kumpei Tanisawa
- Department of Physical Activity Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8636, Japan
| | - Kana Konishi
- Department of Physical Activity Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8636, Japan
| | - Yuta Tsunematsu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Michio Sato
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Miyoshi
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Keiji Wakabayashi
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Motohiko Miyachi
- Department of Physical Activity Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8636, Japan.
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89
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Gut Microbiota and Colon Cancer: A Role for Bacterial Protein Toxins? Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176201. [PMID: 32867331 PMCID: PMC7504354 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that the human intestinal microbiota can contribute to the etiology of colorectal cancer. Triggering factors, including inflammation and bacterial infections, may favor the shift of the gut microbiota from a mutualistic to a pro-carcinogenic configuration. In this context, certain bacterial pathogens can exert a pro-tumoral activity by producing enzymatically-active protein toxins that either directly induce host cell DNA damage or interfere with essential host cell signaling pathways involved in cell proliferation, apoptosis, and inflammation. This review is focused on those toxins that, by mimicking carcinogens and cancer promoters, could represent a paradigm for bacterially induced carcinogenesis.
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Abstract
The nonribosomal peptide/polyketide hybrid colibactin can be considered a bacterial virulence factor involved in extraintestinal infection and also a procarcinogen. Nevertheless, and despite its genotoxic effect, colibactin expression can also inhibit bacterial or tumor growth and correlates with probiotic anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. Although the biological function of this natural compound has been studied extensively, our understanding of the regulation of colibactin expression is still far from complete. We investigated in detail the role of regulatory elements involved in colibactin expression and in the growth conditions that promote colibactin expression. In this way, our data shed light on the regulatory mechanisms involved in colibactin expression and may support the expression and purification of this interesting nonribosomal peptide/polyketide hybrid for further molecular characterization. Colibactin is a nonribosomal peptide/polyketide hybrid natural product expressed by different members of the Enterobacteriaceae which can be correlated with induction of DNA double-strand breaks and interference with cell cycle progression in eukaryotes. Regulatory features of colibactin expression are only incompletely understood. We used Escherichia coli strain M1/5 as a model to investigate regulation of expression of the colibactin determinant at the transcriptional level and to characterize regulatory elements located within the colibactin pathogenicity island itself. We measured clbR transcription in vitro and observed that cultivation in defined minimal media led to increased colibactin expression relative to rich media. Transcription of clbR directly responds to iron availability. We also characterized structural DNA elements inside the colibactin determinant involved in ClbR-dependent regulation, i.e., ClbR binding sites and a variable number of tandem repeats located upstream of clbR. We investigated the impact of clbR overexpression or deletion at the transcriptome and proteome levels. Moreover, we compared global gene regulation under these conditions with that occurring upon overexpression or deletion of clbQ, which affects the flux of colibactin production. Combining the results of the transcriptome and proteome analyses with indirect measurements of colibactin levels by cell culture assays and an approximate quantification of colibactin via the second product of colibactin cleavage from precolibactin, N-myristoyl-d-asparagine, we demonstrate that the variable number of tandem repeats plays a significant regulatory role in colibactin expression. We identify ClbR as the only transcriptional activator known so far that is specific and essential for efficient regulation of colibactin production. IMPORTANCE The nonribosomal peptide/polyketide hybrid colibactin can be considered a bacterial virulence factor involved in extraintestinal infection and also a procarcinogen. Nevertheless, and despite its genotoxic effect, colibactin expression can also inhibit bacterial or tumor growth and correlates with probiotic anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. Although the biological function of this natural compound has been studied extensively, our understanding of the regulation of colibactin expression is still far from complete. We investigated in detail the role of regulatory elements involved in colibactin expression and in the growth conditions that promote colibactin expression. In this way, our data shed light on the regulatory mechanisms involved in colibactin expression and may support the expression and purification of this interesting nonribosomal peptide/polyketide hybrid for further molecular characterization.
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91
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Gut Epithelial Metabolism as a Key Driver of Intestinal Dysbiosis Associated with Noncommunicable Diseases. Infect Immun 2020; 88:IAI.00939-19. [PMID: 32122941 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00939-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In high-income countries, the leading causes of death are noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), such as obesity, cancer, and cardiovascular disease. An important feature of most NCDs is inflammation-induced gut dysbiosis characterized by a shift in the microbial community structure from obligate to facultative anaerobes such as Proteobacteria This microbial imbalance can contribute to disease pathogenesis by either a depletion in or the production of microbiota-derived metabolites. However, little is known about the mechanism by which inflammation-mediated changes in host physiology disrupt the microbial ecosystem in our large intestine leading to disease. Recent work by our group suggests that during gut homeostasis, epithelial hypoxia derived from peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ)-dependent β-oxidation of microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids limits oxygen availability in the colon, thereby maintaining a balanced microbial community. During inflammation, disruption in gut anaerobiosis drives expansion of facultative anaerobic Enterobacteriaceae, regardless of their pathogenic potential. Therefore, our research group is currently exploring the concept that dysbiosis-associated expansion of Enterobacteriaceae can be viewed as a microbial signature of epithelial dysfunction and may play a greater role in different models of NCDs, including diet-induced obesity, atherosclerosis, and inflammation-associated colorectal cancer.
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92
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Colibactin DNA-damage signature indicates mutational impact in colorectal cancer. Nat Med 2020; 26:1063-1069. [PMID: 32483361 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-020-0908-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The mucosal epithelium is a common target of damage by chronic bacterial infections and the accompanying toxins, and most cancers originate from this tissue. We investigated whether colibactin, a potent genotoxin1 associated with certain strains of Escherichia coli2, creates a specific DNA-damage signature in infected human colorectal cells. Notably, the genomic contexts of colibactin-induced DNA double-strand breaks were enriched for an AT-rich hexameric sequence motif, associated with distinct DNA-shape characteristics. A survey of somatic mutations at colibactin target sites of several thousand cancer genomes revealed notable enrichment of this motif in colorectal cancers. Moreover, the exact double-strand-break loci corresponded with mutational hot spots in cancer genomes, reminiscent of a trinucleotide signature previously identified in healthy colorectal epithelial cells3. The present study provides evidence for the etiological role of colibactin in human cancer.
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93
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Wernke KM, Xue M, Tirla A, Kim CS, Crawford JM, Herzon SB. Structure and bioactivity of colibactin. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 30:127280. [PMID: 32527463 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.127280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Colibactin is a secondary metabolite produced by certain strains of bacteria found in the human gut. The presence of colibactin-producing bacteria has been correlated to colorectal cancer in humans. Colibactin was first discovered in 2006, but because it is produced in small quantities and is unstable, it has yet to be isolated from bacterial cultures. Here we summarize advances in the field since ~2017 that have led to the identification of the structure of colibactin as a heterodimer containing two DNA-reactive electrophilic cyclopropane residues. Colibactin has been shown to form interstrand cross-links by alkylation of adenine residues on opposing strands of DNA. The structure of colibactin contains two thiazole rings separated by a two-carbon linker that is thought to exist as an α-aminoketone following completion of the biosynthetic pathway. However, synthetic studies have now established that this α-aminoketone is unstable toward aerobic oxidation; the resulting oxidation products are in turn unstable toward nucleophilic cleavage under mild conditions. These data provide a simple molecular-level explanation for colibactin's instability and potentially also explain the observation that cell-to-cell contact is required for genotoxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M Wernke
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, United States
| | - Mengzhao Xue
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, United States
| | - Alina Tirla
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, United States
| | - Chung Sub Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, United States; Chemical Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT 06516, United States
| | - Jason M Crawford
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, United States; Chemical Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT 06516, United States; Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06536, United States
| | - Seth B Herzon
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, United States; Department of Pharmacology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, United States.
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94
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Bustamante P, Vidal R. Repertoire and Diversity of Toxin - Antitoxin Systems of Crohn's Disease-Associated Adherent-Invasive Escherichia coli. New Insight of T his Emergent E. coli Pathotype. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:807. [PMID: 32477289 PMCID: PMC7232551 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adherent-invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC) corresponds to an E. coli pathovar proposed as a possible agent trigger associated to Crohn's disease. It is characterized for its capacity to adhere and to invade epithelial cells, and to survive and replicate inside macrophages. Mechanisms that allow intestinal epithelium colonization, and host factors that favor AIEC persistence have been partly elucidated. However, bacterial factors involved in AIEC persistence are currently unknown. Toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems are recognized elements involved in bacterial persistence, in addition to have a role in stabilization of mobile genetic elements and stress response. The aim of this study was to elucidate the repertoire and diversity of TA systems in the reference AIEC NRG857c strain and to compare it with AIEC strains whose genomes are available at databases. In addition, toxin expression levels under in vitro stress conditions found by AIEC through the intestine and within the macrophage were measured. Our results revealed that NRG857c encodes at least 33 putative TA systems belonging to types I, II, IV, and V, distributed around all the chromosome, and some in close proximity to genomic islands. A TA toxin repertoire marker of the pathotype was not found and the repertoire of 33 TA toxin genes described here was exclusive of the reference strains, NRG857c and LF82. Most toxin genes were upregulated in the presence of bile salts and acidic pH, as well as within the macrophage. However, different transcriptional responses were detected between reference strains (NRG857c and HM605), recalling the high diversity associated to this pathotype. To our knowledge this is the first analysis of TA systems associated to AIEC and it has revealed new insight associated to this emergent E. coli pathotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Bustamante
- Programa de Microbiología y Micología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Roberto Vidal
- Programa de Microbiología y Micología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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95
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Prevalence and characteristics of pks gene cluster harbouring Klebsiella pneumoniae from bloodstream infection in China. Epidemiol Infect 2020; 148:e69. [PMID: 32160933 PMCID: PMC7118716 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268820000655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bloodstream infection (BSI), caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae, is associated with high morbidity and mortality, where the pks gene cluster plays a major role in their occurrence and prevalence. Information on the prevalence and characteristics of this gene cluster in K. pneumoniae is currently limited in mainland China. We therefore undertook a multicentre longitudinal study which revealed the prevalence, overall, community-onset and hospital-acquired BSI to be 20.5%, 28.3% and 13.0%, respectively. Compared to pks-negative, pks-positive isolates were significantly more susceptible to antimicrobial agents with a low incidence (5.1%) of multidrug-resistance and with infrequent extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) production. Among pks-positive isolates, ST23 (78/117) and ST65 (20/117) were the dominant sequence types, and the majority harboured virulence genes. Community-onset BSI patients infected with pks-positive isolates had a higher proportion of liver abscesses and a lower proportion of biliary obstructions (P < 0.05). The pks-positive isolates were mostly sporadic in the phylogenetic tree, with a 65.8 and 47.0 average allele difference between Clade 1 and Clade 2, respectively. We concluded that although pks-positive K. pneumoniae were generally susceptible to antimicrobials, the high prevalence of such isolates in community cases and the genotoxicity, merits further investigation.
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96
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Kawanishi M, Shimohara C, Oda Y, Hisatomi Y, Tsunematsu Y, Sato M, Hirayama Y, Miyoshi N, Iwashita Y, Yoshikawa Y, Sugimura H, Mutoh M, Ishikawa H, Wakabayashi K, Yagi T, Watanabe K. Genotyping of a gene cluster for production of colibactin and in vitro genotoxicity analysis of Escherichia coli strains obtained from the Japan Collection of Microorganisms. Genes Environ 2020; 42:12. [PMID: 32175032 PMCID: PMC7065307 DOI: 10.1186/s41021-020-00149-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Colibactin is a small genotoxic molecule produced by enteric bacteria, including certain Escherichia coli (E. coli) strains harbored in the human large intestine. This polyketide-peptide genotoxin is considered to contribute to the development of colorectal cancer. The colibactin-producing (clb +) microorganisms possess a 54-kilobase genomic island (clb gene cluster). In the present study, to assess the distribution of the clb gene cluster, genotyping analysis was carried out among E. coli strains randomly chosen from the Japan Collection of Microorganisms, RIKEN BRC, Japan. Findings The analysis revealed that two of six strains possessed a clb gene cluster. These clb + strains JCM5263 and JCM5491 induced genotoxicity in in vitro micronucleus (MN) tests using rodent CHO AA8 cells. Since the induction level of MN by JCM5263 was high, a bacterial umu test was carried out with a cell extract of the strain, revealing that the extract had SOS-inducing potency in the umu tester bacterium. Conclusion These results support the observations that the clb gene cluster is widely distributed in nature and clb + E. coli having genotoxic potencies is not rare among microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanobu Kawanishi
- 1Graduate School of Science and Radiation Research Center, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-2 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai-shi, Osaka, 599-8570 Japan
| | - Chiaki Shimohara
- 1Graduate School of Science and Radiation Research Center, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-2 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai-shi, Osaka, 599-8570 Japan
| | - Yoshimitsu Oda
- 1Graduate School of Science and Radiation Research Center, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-2 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai-shi, Osaka, 599-8570 Japan
| | - Yuuta Hisatomi
- 1Graduate School of Science and Radiation Research Center, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-2 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai-shi, Osaka, 599-8570 Japan
| | - Yuta Tsunematsu
- 2Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Michio Sato
- 2Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Hirayama
- 2Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Miyoshi
- 3Graduate Division of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yuji Iwashita
- 4Department of Tumor Pathology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yuko Yoshikawa
- 3Graduate Division of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan.,5School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Sugimura
- 4Department of Tumor Pathology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Michihiro Mutoh
- 6Division of Prevention, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideki Ishikawa
- 7Department of Molecular-Targeting Cancer Prevention, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Keiji Wakabayashi
- 3Graduate Division of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Takashi Yagi
- 1Graduate School of Science and Radiation Research Center, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-2 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai-shi, Osaka, 599-8570 Japan
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- 2Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
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97
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Barrett M, Hand CK, Shanahan F, Murphy T, O'Toole PW. Mutagenesis by Microbe: the Role of the Microbiota in Shaping the Cancer Genome. Trends Cancer 2020; 6:277-287. [PMID: 32209443 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2020.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cancers arise through the process of somatic evolution fueled by the inception of somatic mutations. We lack a complete understanding of the sources of these somatic mutations. Humans host a vast repertoire of microbes collectively known as the microbiota. The microbiota plays a role in altering the tumor microenvironment and proliferation. In addition, microbes have been shown to elicit DNA damage which provides the driver for somatic mutations. An understanding of microbiota-driven mutational mechanisms would contribute to a more complete understanding of the origins of the cancer genome. Here, we review the modes by which microbes stimulate DNA damage and the effect of these phenomena upon the cancer genomic architecture, specifically in the form of mutational spectra and mutational signatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurice Barrett
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, National University of Ireland, Cork, Ireland; School of Microbiology, University College Cork, National University of Ireland, Cork, Ireland
| | - Collette K Hand
- Department of Pathology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Fergus Shanahan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, National University of Ireland, Cork, Ireland; Department of Medicine, University College Cork, National University of Ireland, Cork, Ireland
| | - Thomas Murphy
- Department of Surgery, Mercy University Hospital, Cork, Ireland
| | - Paul W O'Toole
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, National University of Ireland, Cork, Ireland; School of Microbiology, University College Cork, National University of Ireland, Cork, Ireland.
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98
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Abstract
Colibactin is a genotoxic gut microbiome metabolite long suspected of playing an etiological role in colorectal cancer. Evidence suggests that colibactin forms DNA interstrand cross-links (ICLs) in eukaryotic cells and activates ICL repair pathways, leading to the production of ICL-dependent DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). Here we show that colibactin ICLs can evolve directly to DNA DSBs. Using the topology of supercoiled plasmid DNA as a proxy for alkylation adduct stability, we find that colibactin-derived ICLs are unstable toward depurination and elimination of the 3' phosphate. This ICL degradation pathway leads progressively to single strand breaks (SSBs) and subsequently DSBs. The spontaneous conversion of ICLs to DSBs is consistent with the finding that nonhomologous end joining repair-deficient cells are sensitized to colibactin-producing bacteria. The results herein refine our understanding of colibactin-derived DNA damage and underscore the complexities underlying the DSB phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengzhao Xue
- Department of Chemistry , Yale University , New Haven , Connecticut 06520 , United States
| | - Kevin M Wernke
- Department of Chemistry , Yale University , New Haven , Connecticut 06520 , United States
| | - Seth B Herzon
- Department of Chemistry , Yale University , New Haven , Connecticut 06520 , United States.,Department of Pharmacology , Yale School of Medicine , New Haven , Connecticut 06520 , United States
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99
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Kim D, Park BY, Choi MH, Yoon EJ, Lee H, Lee KJ, Park YS, Shin JH, Uh Y, Shin KS, Shin JH, Kim YA, Jeong SH. Antimicrobial resistance and virulence factors of Klebsiella pneumoniae affecting 30 day mortality in patients with bloodstream infection. J Antimicrob Chemother 2020; 74:190-199. [PMID: 30295771 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dky397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To investigate the risk factors of patients with Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP) bloodstream infection (BSI) with a focus on antimicrobial resistance and virulence factors. Methods All KP BSI patients (n = 579) from six general hospitals during a 1 year period were included in this study. The risk factors of hosts and causative KP isolates were assessed to determine associations with the 30 day mortality of KP BSI patients by multivariate Cox hazards modelling. Results The 30 day mortality rate of KP BSI patients was 16.9% (98/579). Among the host-associated factors, increased SOFA score and leucopenia status exhibited strong associations with increased 30 day mortality. Among the pathogenic factors, carriage of the pks gene cluster (adjusted HR 1.80; 95% CI 1.16-2.79) was a risk factor, especially when accompanied by MDR. In this regard, KP isolates of the wzi50 capsular type (n = 22) frequently harboured pks (63.6%, 14/22) and ybtA (68.2%, n = 15) and mostly exhibited MDR (63.6%, n = 14), resulting in increased 30 day mortality. In contrast, hypermucoviscous KP isolates showed an inverse association with 30 day mortality (adjusted HR 0.55; 95% CI 0.33-0.90). Conclusions Despite the reported virulence of hypermucoviscous KP strains, they were associated with good prognoses in KP BSI patients. Importantly, carriage of the pks gene cluster, which is responsible for the synthesis of colibactin, was a relevant marker of early mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dokyun Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Research Institute of Bacterial Resistance, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Byeol Yi Park
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Research Institute of Bacterial Resistance, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Min Hyuk Choi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Research Institute of Bacterial Resistance, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun-Jeong Yoon
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Research Institute of Bacterial Resistance, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyukmin Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Research Institute of Bacterial Resistance, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kwang Jun Lee
- Division of Antimicrobial Resistance, National Institute of Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Yoon Soo Park
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, National Health Insurance Service, Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Jong Hee Shin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Young Uh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, South Korea
| | - Kyeong Seob Shin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Jeong Hwan Shin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Paik Institute for Clinical Research, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, South Korea
| | - Young Ah Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Health Insurance Service, Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Seok Hoon Jeong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Research Institute of Bacterial Resistance, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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100
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Fabian NJ, Mannion AJ, Feng Y, Madden CM, Fox JG. Intestinal colonization of genotoxic Escherichia coli strains encoding colibactin and cytotoxic necrotizing factor in small mammal pets. Vet Microbiol 2019; 240:108506. [PMID: 31902483 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.108506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Escherichia coli encoding colibactin (clb), cytolethal distending toxin (cdt), and hemolysin-associated cytotoxic necrotizing factor (cnf) are associated with various intestinal and extra-intestinal diseases in humans and animals. Small mammal pets are not evaluated for genotoxin-encoding E. coli. Thus, the prevalence of such strains is unknown. The objective of this study was to isolate and characterize genotoxin-encoding E. coli from healthy and ill small mammal pets examined at a veterinary clinic and at two animal adoption centers. E. coli isolates were cultured from fecal samples and biochemically characterized. A total of 65 animals, including mice, rats, rabbits, guinea pigs, and hedgehogs, were screened. Twenty-six E. coli isolates were obtained from 24 animals. Twelve of the 26 isolates (46.2 %) were PCR-positive for the pks genes clbA and clbQ. Two isolates (7.7 %) were PCR-positive for cnf. All isolates were PCR-negative for cdt. All genotoxin-encoding isolates belonged to the pathogen-associated phylogenetic group B2. Representative genotoxin-encoding isolates had serotypes previously associated with clinical disease in humans and animals. Isolates encoding pks or cnf induced megalocytosis and cytotoxicity to HeLa cells in vitro. Although most isolates were obtained from healthy pets, two guinea pigs with diarrhea had pks-positive isolates cultured from their feces. Whole genome sequencing on four representative isolates confirmed the presence of pks and cnf genes and identified other virulence factors associated with pathogenicity in animals and humans. Our results suggest that small mammalian pets may serve as a reservoir for potentially pathogenic E. coli and implicate a zoonotic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niora J Fabian
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Building 16-825, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139, USA.
| | - Anthony J Mannion
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Building 16-825, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139, USA.
| | - Yan Feng
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Building 16-825, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139, USA.
| | - Carolyn M Madden
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Building 16-825, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139, USA.
| | - James G Fox
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Building 16-825, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139, USA.
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