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Abstract
OMIZ-W68, a chemically defined medium that contains no long-chain fatty acids and yet supports in vitro proliferation of a wide range of fastidious oral anaerobes, is described. The type strains of Treponema denticola, Treponema lecithinolyticum, Treponema maltophilum, Treponema pectinovorum, Treponema socranskii, and an as yet unpublished canine Treponema species could be propagated indefinitely in this medium with sugar supplements for the saccharolytic species. Analysis of the cellular fatty acids (CFA) of these treponemes by gas chromatography demonstrated the synthesis of C14, C15, C16, and C17 fatty acids (linear-, iso-, and anteiso-forms) in various proportions, but neither hydroxy- nor unsaturated fatty acids. However, between 0% and 40% of the eluted material could not be identified. The proportions of CFAs differed not only between species but also between the eight strains of Treponema denticola investigated. Replacing OMIZ-W68 by a derivative minimal essential medium (OMIZ-M/TDCDK) developed for Treponema denticola had little effect on the CFA profiles. In contrast, the CFA profiles of treponemes grown in OMIZ-W68 showed at best minor similarity to the strains from the Moore library of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute, which had been grown in media containing serum, peptones, and yeast extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Wyss
- Institut für Orale Biologie, Zentrum für Zahn-, Mund- und Kieferheilkunde der Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
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52
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Lee Y, Tchaou WSS, Welch KB, Loesche WJ. The transmission of BANA-positive periodontal bacterial species from caregivers to children. J Am Dent Assoc 2006; 137:1539-46. [PMID: 17082280 DOI: 10.14219/jada.archive.2006.0089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of the authors' study was to use the N-benzoyl-DL-arginine-2-naphthy-lamide (BANA) test (BANAMet LLC, Ann Arbor, Mich.) to obtain information regarding the prevalence of an enzyme unique to certain periodontal pathogens in plaque samples of children, as well as the potential transmission of these pathogens from caregivers to children. METHODS The authors tested 218 subjects (3 to 10 years old) and 195 care-givers at four pediatric dentistry clinics in Taipei, Taiwan. RESULTS Forty-four percent of the children had at least one plaque sample that tested positive and/or weakly positive. Positive results were more frequent in the mixed dentition, as well as in children with gingivitis (P < .001). A logistic regression model showed that if the BANA test results for the care-giver were positive, the odds of the child's also having positive test results were 55 times greater (P < .001; confidence interval [CI] = 14 to 224) than those for a child whose caregiver had negative BANA test results. Other predictors were the presence of a mixed dentition (P < .001; odds ratio [OR] = 11; CI = 3.5 to 33.5) and the children's papillary bleeding scores (P < .001, OR = 3.1, CI = 2.0 to 4.7). CONCLUSION The BANA test results were positive for almost one-half of the children. A positive reaction was associated with gingivitis, a mixed dentition, a BANA-positive caregiver or a caregiver with a history of periodontal disease in the family. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS The authors propose an anaerobic periodontal infection risk model in which children with a mixed dentition who have gingivitis and a caregiver with a history of periodontal disease would undergo the BANA test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Lee
- Dental Rehabilitation Center for Children, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taiwan
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53
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne C R Tanner
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Forsyth Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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54
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Haffajee AD, Socransky SS. Introduction to microbial aspects of periodontal biofilm communities, development and treatment. Periodontol 2000 2006; 42:7-12. [PMID: 16930302 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0757.2006.00190.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anne D Haffajee
- Department of Periodontology, The Forsyth Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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55
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Holt SC, Ebersole JL. Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, and Tannerella forsythia: the "red complex", a prototype polybacterial pathogenic consortium in periodontitis. Periodontol 2000 2005; 38:72-122. [PMID: 15853938 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0757.2005.00113.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 629] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stanley C Holt
- Department of Periodontology, The Forsyth Institute, Boston, MA, USA
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56
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57
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Tanaka Y, Hanada S, Tamaki H, Nakamura K, Kamagata Y. Isolation and Identification of Bacterial Strains Producing Diffusible Growth Factor(s) for Catellibacterium nectariphilum strain AST4T. Microbes Environ 2005. [DOI: 10.1264/jsme2.20.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Tanaka
- Institute for Biological Resources and Functions, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
- Department of Research Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi
| | - Satoshi Hanada
- Institute for Biological Resources and Functions, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
| | - Hideyuki Tamaki
- Institute for Biological Resources and Functions, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
| | - Kazunori Nakamura
- Institute for Biological Resources and Functions, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
| | - Yoichi Kamagata
- Institute for Biological Resources and Functions, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
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58
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Wyss C, Moter A, Choi BK, Dewhirst FE, Xue Y, Schüpbach P, Göbel UB, Paster BJ, Guggenheim B. Treponema putidum sp. nov., a medium-sized proteolytic spirochaete isolated from lesions of human periodontitis and acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2004; 54:1117-1122. [PMID: 15280279 DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.02806-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
So far, little phenotypic heterogeneity has been detected in cultured oral treponemes with trypsin-like proteolytic activity, and all have been assigned to the species Treponema denticola. However, comparisons of protein patterns and antigen expression in our collection of proteolytic oral treponemes occasionally identified isolates with a unique phenotype; e.g. strain OMZ 830 (=ATCC 700768), which qualified as a ‘pathogen-related oral spirochaete’ due to the presence of a ∼37 kDa protein reactive with the Treponema pallidum FlaA-specific mAb H9-2. In addition to such single isolates, a homogeneous group of seven independent strains is described that were highly motile, medium-sized, proteolytic but asaccharolytic spirochaetes and were cultured from human gingivitis, periodontitis and acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis in medium OMIZ-Pat supplemented with 1 % human serum and antibiotics. Growth of these spirochaetes in OMIZ-Pat was not dependent on, but was stimulated by, human or bovine serum. Carbohydrates were neither required nor stimulatory for growth. The protein and antigen patterns of total cell extracts of these organisms separated by SDS-PAGE were distinct from those of all previously cultured spirochaetes, with highest similarity to T. denticola. The novel spirochaete has a 2 : 4 : 2 arrangement of the periplasmic flagella, similar to T. denticola. However, the flagellin pattern as detected by immunostaining or glycan staining of Western blots readily distinguished the novel group from T. denticola. Also, distinct from reference strains of T. denticola, none of the novel isolates displayed sialidase or dentilisin activities, both of which are expressed by most strains of T. denticola. Trypsin-like activity and other enzymes as detected by API ZYM test were similar to those of T. denticola. The status of a novel species is supported by the 16S rRNA gene sequence, with 98·5 % similarity to its closest cultured relative, T. denticola. The name Treponema putidum sp. nov. is proposed (type strain OMZ 758T=ATCC 700334T=CIP 108088T).
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MESH Headings
- Antigens, Bacterial/analysis
- Antigens, Bacterial/immunology
- Bacterial Proteins/analysis
- Bacterial Proteins/immunology
- Carbohydrate Metabolism
- Chymotrypsin/metabolism
- Culture Media/chemistry
- DNA, Bacterial/chemistry
- DNA, Bacterial/isolation & purification
- DNA, Ribosomal/chemistry
- Flagella/chemistry
- Flagella/immunology
- Flagellin/analysis
- Flagellin/immunology
- Genes, rRNA
- Gingivitis, Necrotizing Ulcerative/microbiology
- Humans
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Movement
- Neuraminidase/metabolism
- Peptide Hydrolases/metabolism
- Periodontitis/microbiology
- Phylogeny
- Proteins/metabolism
- Proteome
- RNA, Bacterial/genetics
- RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Sequence Homology
- Sucrose/metabolism
- Treponema/classification
- Treponema/cytology
- Treponema/isolation & purification
- Treponema/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- C Wyss
- Institut für Orale Mikrobiologie und Allgemeine Immunologie, Zentrum für Zahn-, Mund- und Kieferheilkunde der Universität Zürich, Plattenstrasse 11, CH-8028 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - A Moter
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institut für Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Dorotheenstrasse 96, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - B-K Choi
- Department of Oromaxillofacial Infection and Immunity, College of Dentistry, Seoul National University, 110-749 Seoul, Korea
| | - F E Dewhirst
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Forsyth Institute, 140 Fenway, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yi Xue
- Institut für Orale Mikrobiologie und Allgemeine Immunologie, Zentrum für Zahn-, Mund- und Kieferheilkunde der Universität Zürich, Plattenstrasse 11, CH-8028 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - P Schüpbach
- Institut für Orale Mikrobiologie und Allgemeine Immunologie, Zentrum für Zahn-, Mund- und Kieferheilkunde der Universität Zürich, Plattenstrasse 11, CH-8028 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - U B Göbel
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institut für Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Dorotheenstrasse 96, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - B J Paster
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Forsyth Institute, 140 Fenway, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - B Guggenheim
- Institut für Orale Mikrobiologie und Allgemeine Immunologie, Zentrum für Zahn-, Mund- und Kieferheilkunde der Universität Zürich, Plattenstrasse 11, CH-8028 Zürich, Switzerland
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59
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Kuboniwa M, Amano A, Kimura KR, Sekine S, Kato S, Yamamoto Y, Okahashi N, Iida T, Shizukuishi S. Quantitative detection of periodontal pathogens using real-time polymerase chain reaction with TaqMan probes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 19:168-76. [PMID: 15107068 DOI: 10.1111/j.0902-0055.2004.00135.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Quantitative analysis, with identification of periodontopathic bacteria, is important for the diagnosis, therapeutic evaluation and risk assessment of periodontal disease. We developed a highly sensitive and specific method using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect and quantify six periodontal bacteria: Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Treponema denticola, Prevotella intermedia, and Prevotella nigrescens. Species-specific TaqMan probe/primer sets were designed according to 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequences. Plaque and tongue debris specimens were collected from 10 patients with advanced periodontitis and 10 periodontal healthy individuals and analyzed. All species, except for P. nigrescens, were detected in samples from diseased sites in significantly greater numbers than in those from healthy sites, whereas greater numbers of P. nigrescens were found in the controls. These results suggest that the present real-time PCR method with the designed probe/primer sets enabled sensitive detection of the six periodontal bacteria, and may also assist future microbial studies of periodontal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kuboniwa
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
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60
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O'Brien-Simpson NM, Veith PD, Dashper SG, Reynolds EC. Antigens of bacteria associated with periodontitis. Periodontol 2000 2004; 35:101-34. [PMID: 15107060 DOI: 10.1111/j.0906-6713.2004.003559.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Neil M O'Brien-Simpson
- Centre for Oral Health Science, School of Dental Science, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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61
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Takeuchi Y, Umeda M, Ishizuka M, Huang Y, Ishikawa I. Prevalence of periodontopathic bacteria in aggressive periodontitis patients in a Japanese population. J Periodontol 2004; 74:1460-9. [PMID: 14653392 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2003.74.10.1460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans is considered a major etiologic agent of aggressive periodontitis. Other periodontopathic bacteria such as Porphyromonas gingivalis are also suspected of participating in aggressive periodontitis, although the evidence is controversial. The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of periodontopathic bacteria and to clarify the microbiological features of aggressive periodontitis in Japanese patients. METHODS Subgingival plaque was collected from 50 aggressive periodontitis (AgP) patients (localized 10, generalized 40). Samples from 35 generalized chronic periodontitis (CP) patients and 18 healthy subjects were examined as controls. Plaque samples were examined using culture and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. RESULTS The prevalence of A. actinomycetemcomitans was relatively low in the localized (20%) and generalized (17.5%) AgP patients, with no significant difference observed in detection frequencies between AgP and the control groups (CP 8.6%, healthy 0%). On the other hand, Tannerella forsythensis (formerly Bacteroides forsythus), Campylobacter rectus, P. gingivalis, and Treponema denticola were frequently detected in localized as well as generalized aggressive periodontitis patients. The prevalence and proportion of P. gingivalis correlated with severity of clinical attachment loss in both localized and generalized aggressive periodontitis. CONCLUSIONS T. forsythensis, C. rectus, P. gingivalis, and T. denticola were the predominant periodontopathic bacteria of aggressive periodontitis patients in Japan. Although A. actinomycetem- comitans was also detected in AgP patients, the prevalence of this bacterium was much lower than that of P. gingivalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuo Takeuchi
- Periodontology, Department of Hard Tissue Engineering, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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62
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Wade WG. Non-Culturable Bacteria in Complex Commensal Populations. ADVANCES IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2004; 54:93-106. [PMID: 15251277 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2164(04)54003-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- William G Wade
- Department of Microbiology, Dental Institute, King's College London WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom
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63
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Sundqvist G, Figdor D. Life as an endodontic pathogen. Ecological differences between the untreated and root-filled root canals. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-1546.2003.00054.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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64
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Hughes CV, Malki G, Loo CY, Tanner ACR, Ganeshkumar N. Cloning and expression of alpha-D-glucosidase and N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase from the periodontal pathogen, Tannerella forsythensis (Bacteroides forsythus). ORAL MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY 2003; 18:309-12. [PMID: 12930523 DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-302x.2003.00091.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Screening a genomic library of Tannerella forsythensis (Bacteroides forsythus), using synthetic substrates conjugated to a fluorogen, 4-methylumbelliferone identified two glycosidase genes, which encode alpha-D-glucosidase and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase, respectively. The alpha-D-glucosidase has a Mr of 81,141 and is homologous to an alpha-D-glucosidase from Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron. The N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase has a Mr of 87,787 and is homologous to an N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase in Porphyromonas gingivalis W83.
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Affiliation(s)
- C V Hughes
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
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65
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Huang Y, Umeda M, Takeuchi Y, Ishizuka M, Yano-Higuchi K, Ishikawa I. Distribution of Bacteroides forsythus genotypes in a Japanese periodontitis population. ORAL MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY 2003; 18:208-14. [PMID: 12823795 DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-302x.2003.00060.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Bacteroides forsythus is an important pathogen in periodontal diseases and has been associated with advanced and refractory periodontitis. The difficulties associated with culturing this species have meant that the distribution and pathogenic mechanisms of B. forsythus remain unclear. In this study, the arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction (AP-PCR) method was used to investigate the genotype distribution of B. forsythus in a Japanese periodontitis population, as well as the relationship between AP-PCR genotypes and periodontal status. B. forsythus reference strain, ATCC 43037T and 137 clinical bacterial isolates from 64 subjects were separated into 11 distinct AP-PCR genotypes using a single randomly-sequenced primer, 5'-CCGGCGGCG-3' (A-05). The majority (80.9%) of B. forsythus strains examined belonged to AP-PCR genotypes I, II, III and IV (accounting for 39.7%, 20.6%, 10.3% and 10.3%, respectively). Types I and III primarily consisted of isolates from chronic periodontitis subjects (80.8% and 85.7%, respectively), while Types II and IV consisted mainly of isolates from aggressive periodontitis subjects (85.7% and 100%, respectively). Except for three subjects who harbored two different B. forsythus genotypes in the oral cavity, all subjects only infected with one genotype intraindividually. These results demonstrate that the AP-PCR method is useful for genotypic analysis of B. forsythus. This species showed a genetic diversity among the investigated population. A clonal nature of B. forsythus infection is suggested. Furthermore, different AP-PCR genotypes of B. forsythus appear to be associated with different types of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Huang
- Department of Hard Tissue Engineering, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
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66
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Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of Bacteroides forsythus in primary endodontic infections using a species-specific nested polymerase chain reaction assay. Samples were collected from 50 teeth having carious lesions, necrotic pulps, and different forms of periradicular diseases. DNA extracted from the samples was initially amplified using universal 16S rDNA primers. A second round of amplification used the first polymerase chain reaction products to detect a specific fragment of B. forsythus 16S rDNA. B. forsythus was detected in 13 of 22 asymptomatic cases (59.1%), 4 of 10 root canals associated with acute apical periodontitis (40%), and 9 of 18 cases diagnosed as acute periradicular abscesses (50%). There was no relationship between the presence of B. forsythus and the occurrence of symptoms. In general, this bacterial species was detected in 26 of 50 samples of endodontic infections (52%). The findings of this study support the assertion that this bacterial species is associated with infections of endodontic origin and suggest that B. forsythus may be involved in the pathogenesis of different forms of periradicular lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- José F Siqueira
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Estácio de Sá University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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67
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Murakami Y, Higuchi N, Nakamura H, Yoshimura F, Oppenheim FG. Bacteroides forsythus hemagglutinin is inhibited by N-acetylneuraminyllactose. ORAL MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY 2002; 17:125-8. [PMID: 11929561 DOI: 10.1046/j.0902-0055.2001.00093.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Bacteroides forsythus, which has been recognized as a pathogen associated with periodontitis, produces a hemagglutinin. The hemagglutinin was localized in the envelope of B. forsythus. The hemagglutinating activity was inhibited by lactose at concentrations as low as 1 mM, and by L-arginine and L-lysine at concentrations of 100 mM. N-Acetylneuraminyllactose (NeuAc-lactose) was at least 100 times more potent an inhibitor than lactose, as it completely inhibited the hemagglutination at concentrations below 10 microM. This is similar to the Helicobacter pylori hemagglutinin. The hemagglutinin was heat-labile, and resistant to treatment with proteases such as trypsin. A specific antibody raised against one of the S-layer proteins that are major species-specific proteins had no inhibitory effect on the hemmaglutination. These results suggest that the NeuAc-lactose-sensitive adhesin of B. forsythus may play an important role in colonization in the oral cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Murakami
- Department of Microbiology, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8650, Japan
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68
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Wade W. Unculturable bacteria--the uncharacterized organisms that cause oral infections. J R Soc Med 2002. [PMID: 11823550 PMCID: PMC1279316 DOI: 10.1258/jrsm.95.2.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- William Wade
- Molecular Microbial Ecology Programme, Guy's, King's and St Thomas' Dental Institute, King's College London, Floor 28, Guy's Tower, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK.
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69
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Higuchi N, Murakami Y, Moriguchi K, Ohno N, Nakamura H, Yoshimura F. Localization of major, high molecular weight proteins in Bacteroides forsythus. Microbiol Immunol 2001; 44:777-80. [PMID: 11092242 DOI: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.2000.tb02563.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Bacteroides forsythus produces species-specific major proteins with high molecular weights of 270 and 230-kDa (270K and 230K). A specific antibody raised against 270K was used for Western blot analysis and immunoelectron microscopy. Western blot analysis showed that the 270K and 230K proteins were immunologically similar. Immunogold labeling of ultrathin-sectioned bacterial cells and biochemical fractionation revealed that these proteins were localized at the outermost cell surface, not in the cytoplasm. These results suggest that major proteins ubiquitous to this species may form the S-layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Higuchi
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
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70
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Lotufo RF, Pannuti CM, Saraiva MC. [Bacteroides forsythus: sensitivity to antimicrobial agents in samples from patients with periodontitis]. PESQUISA ODONTOLOGICA BRASILEIRA = BRAZILIAN ORAL RESEARCH 2001; 15:47-50. [PMID: 11708285 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-74912001000100009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
An in vitro antimicrobial sensitivity test (technique of agar dilution) was carried out for 105 clinical isolates of B. forsythus from patients with periodontitis. Metronidazole and amoxicillin were the most efficient drugs and, thus, are indicated for the treatment of periodontal infections in which this microorganism is the most prevalent pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- R F Lotufo
- Disciplina de Periodontia, Faculdade de Odontologia, USP
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71
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Shelburne CE, Prabhu A, Gleason RM, Mullally BH, Coulter WA. Quantitation of Bacteroides forsythus in subgingival plaque comparison of immunoassay and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. J Microbiol Methods 2000; 39:97-107. [PMID: 10576699 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-7012(99)00106-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Our objective was to compare three methods (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA], endpoint and quantitative polymerase chain reaction [E-PCR and Q-PCR]) for detection and quantitation of Bacteroides forsythus in 56 plaque samples from seven subjects with progressive periodontal disease. Samples collected in buffer were pelleted and resuspended in 500 microl of water. Fifty microl aliquots were removed for an ELISA performed on bacteria or plaque immobilized on 96-well plates and probed with B. forsythus specific antibody. An occurrence of 3.7+/-0.6 x 10(4) or more bacteria were detected by ELISA in pure culture; 26 of 54 plaque samples were positive, two samples could not be analyzed. Samples for PCR were autoclaved for 10 min prior to use. The detection level of E-PCR using primers specific for B. forsythus 16S rRNA was 200 cells and 42 out of 56 samples were positive based on ethidium bromide stained agarose gels. Q-PCR using the same primers combined with a nested fluorescent oligonucleotide probe detected 10+/-0.32 bacteria in pure culture; 43 of 56 plaque samples were positive. The ELISA and Q-PCR obtained identical results with 36 of the 54 samples assayed; there were one false positive and 17 false negative ELISA results using Q-PCR as standard. The positive proportions of plaque samples were almost the same for E-PCR and Q-PCR. We conclude that the PCR methods are more appropriate for a multicenter study because of greater sensitivity and convenience of sample transportation from clinics to a central laboratory.
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72
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Hudspeth MK, Hunt Gerardo S, Maiden MF, Citron DM, Goldstein EJ. Characterization of Bacteroides forsythus strains from cat and dog bite wounds in humans and comparison with monkey and human oral strains. J Clin Microbiol 1999; 37:2003-6. [PMID: 10325363 PMCID: PMC85008 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.37.6.2003-2006.1999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteroides forsythus strains recovered from cat and dog bite wound infections in humans (n = 3), monkey oral strains (n = 3), and the human oral ATCC 43037 type strain were characterized by using phenotypic characteristics, enzymatic tests, whole cell fatty acid analysis, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) analysis, PCR fingerprinting, and 16S rDNA (genes coding for rRNA) sequencing. All three bite wound isolates grew on brucella agar supplemented with 5% sheep blood, vitamin K1, and hemin. These strains, unlike the ATCC strain and previously described monkey oral and human clinical strains, did not require N-acetylmuramic acid supplementation for growth as pure cultures. However, their phenotypic characteristics, except for catalase production, were similar to those of previously identified strains. PCR fingerprinting analysis showed differences in band patterns from the ATCC strain. Also, SDS-PAGE and whole cell fatty acid analysis indicated that the dog and cat bite wound strains were similar but not identical to the human B. forsythus ATCC 43037 type strain and the monkey oral strains. The rDNA sequence analysis indicated that the three bite wound isolates had 99.93% homology with each other and 98.9 and 99.22% homology with the human ATCC 43037 and monkey oral strains, respectively. These results suggest that there are host-specific variations within each group.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Hudspeth
- R. M. Alden Research Laboratory, Santa Monica-UCLA Medical Center, Santa Monica, California 90404, USA
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73
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Tanner AC, Maiden MF, Zambon JJ, Thoren GS, Kent RL. Rapid chair-side DNA probe assay of Bacteroides forsythus and Porphyromonas gingivalis. J Periodontal Res 1998; 33:105-17. [PMID: 9553870 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.1998.tb02299.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study compared a rapid, colorimetric DNA probe assay designed to be performed in a dental office within 40 min, with anaerobic culture and indirect immunofluorescence microscopy (IFM) for detection of Bacteroides forsythus and Porphyromonas gingivalis in subgingival plaque samples. The DNA probe assay used the Periodontal Microbial Identification Test (Saigene Corporation, Bothell, Washington, USA). B. forsythus was detected in 46 (52%), 49 (55%) and 39 (44%) of the samples by DNA probe, culture (at levels > or = 10(5)) and IFM, respectively. P. gingivalis was detected in 24 (27%), 18 (20%) and 29 (33%) of the samples by DNA probe, culture (at levels > or = 10(5)) and IFM, respectively. Results from the DNA probe assay were compared to culture. Culture negative, probe positive samples were re-evaluated by IFM, and IFM positive samples were considered positive in "resolved" data. Using resolved data. DNA probe detection sensitivity and specificity values for B. forsythus were 81% and 91% and for P. gingivalis were 80% and 95%, respectively. DNA probe test results were further compared with culture and IFM. For samples negative by both culture and IFM, probe specificity was 92% in 25 B. forsythus samples and 95% in 57 P. gingivalis samples. For samples positive by both reference methods, probe sensitivity was 82% in 27 B. forsythus samples and 73% in 15 P. gingivalis samples. B. forsythus was detected more frequently by culture compared with IFM; the reverse was observed for P. gingivalis. The rapid DNA probe assay for B. forsythus and P. gingivalis was comparable to cultivable and IF analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Tanner
- Forsyth Dental Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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74
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Ali RW, Johannessen AC, Dahlén G, Socransky SS, Skaug N. Comparison of the subgingival microbiota of periodontally healthy and diseased adults in northern Cameroon. J Clin Periodontol 1997; 24:830-5. [PMID: 9402505 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.1997.tb01197.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Our study is the 1st report on subgingival microbiota in adult Cameronians. The aim was to investigate, using the checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization technique, the prevalence of 18 oral species in subgingival plaque samples obtained from sex- and age-matched Cameronian adults with and without periodontal destruction. We also compared cultivation and the Affirm DP test with the checkerboard technique in their capability to detect some selected species among the 18. 21 adult periodontitis patients and 21 periodontally healthy subjects were examined and the results were compared statistically. Each periodontitis patient had at least 4 pockets of > or = 6 mm depth, while the healthy subjects had no sites more than 3 mm deep. Results of the checkerboard analysis showed that significantly (p < 0.05) more periodontitis patients tested positive for most of the 18 bacterial species. The Gram-positive species Actinomyces naeslundii, Streptococcus mitis and Streptococcus sanguis, known as microbiota of healthy sites, were detected significantly more frequently in the healthy group. Cultivation demonstrated P. gingivalis, B. forsythus, A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. intermedia and F. nucleatum in significantly lower %s of patients as compared to the checkerboard technique. Furthermore, the Affirm DP test detected P. gingivalis and B. forsythus in significantly fewer patients than did the checkerboard technique. A. actinomycetemcomitans was detected in 52.3% of the patients by the latter technique while the Affirm DP test failed to detect the bacterium in any of the samples. Overall, the results of the present study confirm the importance of the screening method and indicate that the prevalences of the investigated putative periodontal pathogens and beneficial species in the healthy and diseased adult Cameronians were similar to those reported for adults in the West and in some developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- R W Ali
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiology, University of Bergen, Norway
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75
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Abstract
Fifteen Bacteroides forsythus strains freshly isolated from patients with periodontitis were used together with three collection strains and one type strain for characterization of growth on various media; determination of enzymatic profiles, antibiotic susceptibility profiles, 16S rRNA ribotypes, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) outer membrane protein profiles, and pathogenicity; and gas chromatography analysis by using a wound chamber model in rabbits. All strains were stimulated by N-acetylmuramic acid, while one strain needed a further supplement such as yeast extract for optimal growth. All strains showed trypsin-like activity. While 10 different ribotypes were found, the SDS-PAGE profiles revealed similar patterns for all strains. All strains were sensitive to penicillin G (MICs, <0.5 microg/ml), ampicillin (MICs, <1.0 microg/ml), amoxicillin (MICs, <0.38 microg/ml), metronidazole (MICs, <0.005 microg/ml), tetracycline (MICs, <0.19 microg/ml), doxycycline (MICs, 0.05 microg/ml), erythromycin (MICs, <0.4 microg/ml), and clindamycin (MICs, <0.016 microg/ml), while they were less sensitive to ciprofloxacin (MICs, <4 microg/ml). B. forsythus did not cause abscess formation by monoinoculation. B. forsythus coinoculated with Fusobacterium nucleatum ATCC 10953 caused abscess formation in 75% of rabbits, while it caused abscess formation in 100% of rabbits when it was coinoculated with Porphyromonas gingivalis FDC 381. In the case of the latter combination, four of six rabbits died of sepsis after 6 to 7 days, and P. gingivalis and B. forsythus were recovered from the heart blood at a proportion of 10:1. B. forsythus strains were highly virulent and invasive in combination with P. gingivalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Takemoto
- Department of Endodontology and Periodontology, Hiroshima University School of Dentistry, Japan
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76
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Ishikawa I, Nakashima K, Koseki T, Nagasawa T, Watanabe H, Arakawa S, Nitta H, Nishihara T. Induction of the immune response to periodontopathic bacteria and its role in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. Periodontol 2000 1997; 14:79-111. [PMID: 9567967 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0757.1997.tb00193.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I Ishikawa
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan
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77
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Brady LJ, Walker C, Oxford GE, Stewart C, Magnusson I, McArthur W. Oral diseases, mycology and periodontal microbiology of HIV-1-infected women. ORAL MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY 1996; 11:371-80. [PMID: 9467369 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-302x.1996.tb00198.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
HIV-1 infection is increasing more rapidly among heterosexual women. Relatively limited information is available on HIV-related oral pathoses in these individuals. To gain insight into the type and occurrence of oral lesions in this population, 25 HIV-1 infected women including asymptomatic, symptomatic and AIDS patients were examined clinically and sampled for detection of oral yeast and characterization of their subgingival microbial flora. Sixty percent of the subjects were African-American, with 80% infected via heterosexual contact. Oral candidiasis was the most common nonperiodontal oral lesion, observed in 44% of the patients. Oral yeast was cultured from all women with candidiasis and 76% of the total subjects. Oral hairy leukoplakia was clinically diagnosed in 16% of the subjects. Clinically mild to moderate gingivitis and periodontitis were observed in 84% and 52% of the patients, respectively. Candidiasis and the presence of cultivable yeast were observed in patients with low, intermediate, and high CD4+ T lymphocyte numbers. Plaque samples were collected from each subject and enumerated by predominant cultivable methods, selective media and microscopy. No differences were detected in the microflora associated with seropositive women with existing periodontitis relative to those without periodontitis or to seronegative women with periodontitis. Candidiasis was the most notable oral clinical manifestation in the HIV-1-infected women and may be a useful clinical indicator of early immune dysfunction mediated by HIV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- L J Brady
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610-0424, USA
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78
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Baehni PC, Guggenheim B. Potential of diagnostic microbiology for treatment and prognosis of dental caries and periodontal diseases. CRITICAL REVIEWS IN ORAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE : AN OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF ORAL BIOLOGISTS 1996; 7:259-77. [PMID: 8909881 DOI: 10.1177/10454411960070030401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Most evidence suggests that only a finite number of bacteria are responsible for dental caries and periodontal diseases. This knowledge led to the development of microbial tests which can identify suspected pathogens. Current evaluation of the diagnostic power of microbial tests has shown that they have a low sensitivity and a low prognostic value. Despite these shortcomings, there are valid indications for microbiological-based diagnosis. Salivary microbial tests for the detection of mutans streptococci and lactobacilli may be useful, for example, in young children, oligosialic patients, and orthodontic patients. These tests can be used to monitor the success of chemopreventive measures or compliance with dietary recommendations. Microbial diagnosis, may also be valuable in the treatment of early-onset periodontitis or in subjects who respond poorly to periodontal therapy. The use of microbial tests to monitor the efficacy of chemotherapy or mechanical treatment is of particular interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- P C Baehni
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland
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79
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Umeda M, Tominaga Y, He T, Yano K, Watanabe H, Ishikawa I. Microbial flora in the acute phase of periodontitis and the effect of local administration of minocycline. J Periodontol 1996; 67:422-7. [PMID: 8708969 DOI: 10.1902/jop.1996.67.4.422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Periodontitis, similar to other infectious diseases, is known to progress as chronic inflammation with recurrent acute phases. The purpose of this study was to clarify the microbiological composition of the acute phase and to compare the bacterial flora with that of comparable chronic periodontal pockets. We also evaluated the effect of application of minocycline gel locally on the change in the microflora in the acute pockets. Microbial flora from the subgingival pockets of 28 patients in the acute phase of periodontitis and of 12 patients in a comparable chronic phase as the control were investigated by various bacterial culture methods including TS blood agar and TSBV plates. Minocycline gel was applied to the acute periodontal pockets. Changes in the microbiological proportion and clinical parameters at one week after baseline examination were followed by dark-field analysis, culture method, and indirect immunofluorescence technique. Characteristic features of bacterial proportions in the acute site were observed as an increase in Bacteroides forsythus. The number of Porphyromonas gingivalis and black pigmented anaerobic rods also increased. Application of minocycline gel in the acute pocket without any debridement produced improvement in clinical symptoms at one week. Black-pigmented anaerobic rods, P. gingivalis, and B. forsythus decreased significantly at one week after the application. Results indicate that periodontopathic bacteria including B. forsythus and P. gingivalis were predominant in the acute phase of periodontitis and a locally delivered antibiotic may be effective as an alternative modality of treating the acute inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Umeda
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan
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80
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Ali RW, Velcescu C, Jivanescu MC, Lofthus B, Skaug N. Prevalence of 6 putative periodontal pathogens in subgingival plaque samples from Romanian adult periodontitis patients. J Clin Periodontol 1996; 23:133-9. [PMID: 8849850 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.1996.tb00546.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to determine by standard cultivation procedures the detection frequencies of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Bacteroides forsythus, and Capnocytophaga species as well as various enteric rods in subgingival plaque samples form Romanian adult periodontitis patients. DNA probe analysis (Affirm DP Microbial Identification Test) was also used, parallel to cultivation, to identify P. gingivalis, A. actinomycetemcomitans, and B. forsythus, in deep (> or = 6 mm) and intermediate (4-5 mm) pockets in some of the subjects investigated. Paper points were used to sample 86 deep pockets in 36 patients and 27 intermediate pockets in 9 of the 36 patients. The chi 2 test was used to test for significance of differences between results obtained by cultivation and DNA analysis in both intermediate and deep pockets. P. gingivalis was recovered in a high percentage of the patients (75.8%) and sites (63.6%) examined, followed by P. intermedia, F. nucleatum, and A. actinomycetemcomitans, respectively. Capnocytophaga species were present in almost all subjects. Enteric rods were recovered in 61.1% of the patients and 55.8% of the sites. Except for this high prevalence of enteric rods, the present group of patients had the periodontal species monitored in %s similar to those commonly perceived in the West. The Affirm DP Test and cultivation showed poor correlation in detecting P. gingivalis, A. actinomycetemcomitans, and B. forsythus. The cultivation prevalence of P. gingivalis and P. intermedia in deep pockets was similar to their prevalence in intermediate ones. Overall, the prevalence of the periodontal pathogens investigated in the present Romanian periodontitis patients is similar to what has been revealed in matching Norwegian and other Western periodontitis patient populations. The high prevalence of enteric rods in the Romanian patients may have been an artifact resulting from prolonged transport of the samples in VMGA III.
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Affiliation(s)
- R W Ali
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Bergen, Norway
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81
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Affiliation(s)
- A D Haffajee
- Department of Periodontology, Forsyth Dental Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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82
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Tanner A, Maiden MF, Paster BJ, Dewhirst FE. The impact of 16S ribosomal RNA-based phylogeny on the taxonomy of oral bacteria. Periodontol 2000 1994; 5:26-51. [PMID: 9673161 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0757.1994.tb00017.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Tanner
- Department of Periodontal Microbiology, Forsyth Dental Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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83
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Wyss C, Hunziker P, Klauser S. Support of peptide-dependent growth of Bacteroides forsythus by synthetic fragments of haemoglobin or fetuin. Arch Oral Biol 1993; 38:979-84. [PMID: 7507661 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9969(93)90111-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The putative periodontal pathogen Bacteroides forsythus is a fastidious Gram-negative anaerobe with high proteolytic activity. For growth in a chemically defined medium containing insulin it required serum. Serum could be replaced by human haemoglobin or bovine asialofetuin, or by proteolytic fragments of these two proteins. Four such fragments consisting of from 8 to 18 amino acid residues were isolated and sequenced. Only aspartic acid, threonine, and valine were common to all peptides. An undecapeptide, Hba11, and a dodecapeptide, AsF12, were synthesized and found to be active at micromolar concentrations, but only when presented in combination with insulin. An analysis of amino acid requirements excluded a direct essential role of peptides as sources of amino acids in complete medium, except for valine. Should Bact. forsythus have an essential requirement for this amino acid, it could be satisfied by micromolar concentrations of peptide but not millimolar concentrations of the free amino acid in the absence of peptide. Bact. forsythus could salvage the essential amino acids lysine and isoleucine at 100-fold lower concentrations when presented in peptide-bound form compared to the free amino acids, and at 10-fold lower concentrations of peptide compared to Porphyromonas gingivalis W83, which in contrast to Bact. forsythus grew on free amino acids in the absence of insulin and peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Wyss
- Dental Institute, University of Zürich, Switzerland
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84
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Shelburne CE, Sandberg GP, Binsfeld CA, Wolff LF, Curry RA. Monoclonal antibodies to lipopolysaccharide of four oral bacteria associated with periodontal disease. J Periodontal Res 1993; 28:1-9. [PMID: 8381176 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.1993.tb01043.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Periodontal disease is a common inflammatory disease which erodes the supporting structures of the teeth, and is initiated by a subgingival infection with selected Gram-negative bacteria. Monoclonal antibodies (mAb) to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of four periodontal pathogens, A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. intermedia, F. nucleatum and P. gingivalis were examined for specificity and their ability to bind these pathogens in a particle concentration fluorescence immunoassay (PCFIA). The mAb selected were specific for their homologous bacteria and when tested against a large battery of other bacteria, including 16 genera and 46 species, were found not to cross-react with heterologous species. When each of the mAb was challenged with 40 or more homologous freshly isolated bacteria, more than 90% were positive. Non-cellular antigens in the form of soluble LPS and extracellular vesicles were examined for their ability to bind to assay components and alter the apparent results of the assay. LPS was found to have potential as an interfering agent if bound to assay components prior to sample treatment, but this non-specific binding was significantly reduced when a surfactant was added to the buffers. Extracellular vesicles had no significant effect on the estimation of P. gingivalis by the assay.
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85
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Wyss C. Growth of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, T. pectinovorum, T. socranskii, and T. vincentii in a chemically defined medium. J Clin Microbiol 1992; 30:2225-9. [PMID: 1400984 PMCID: PMC265483 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.30.9.2225-2229.1992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A chemically defined medium, OMIZ (Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Zürich)-W1 was developed. Medium OMIZ-W1 supports the long-term proliferation of a wide range of oral anaerobes, including representative strains of four Treponema species and Porphyromonas gingivalis. High concentrations of ascorbic acid and ammonium ions proved to be important for the growth of these organisms. T. denticola CD-1 grew in the absence of polyamines and long-chain fatty acids, T. pectinovorum and T. socranskii required polyamines, whereas T. vincentii depended on both polyamines and lecithin for growth. Specific requirements for purines and/or pyrimidines were detected, and these requirements could be used to distinguish Haemophilus-Actinobacillus group organisms. Some strains of P. gingivalis grew without vitamin K, while others were not satisfied by menadione but required its precursor 1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoic acid. Protoporphyrin IX or hemin equally satisfied the porphyrin requirements of P. gingivalis and Bacteroides forsythus, whereas ferrous sulfate was more efficiently used as a source of iron than was hemin. The cellular cohesiveness of P. gingivalis increased with high concentrations of hemin in the growth medium. Prevotella intermedia, B. forsythus, and several strains of P. gingivalis were more fastidious and required a protein or serum supplement to grow in medium OMIZ-W1.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Wyss
- Department of Oral Microbiology and General Immunology, Dental Institute of the University of Zürich, Switzerland
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86
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Braham PH, Moncla BJ. Rapid presumptive identification and further characterization of Bacteroides forsythus. J Clin Microbiol 1992; 30:649-54. [PMID: 1551981 PMCID: PMC265126 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.30.3.649-654.1992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteroides forsythus is a fastidious anaerobic gram-negative organism associated with various forms of periodontal disease. It is dependent on N-acetylmuramic acid for growth. A method for rapid presumptive identification of human-derived strains of B. forsythus is presented, based on the following eight criteria: (i) positive activity for alpha-glucosidase, (ii) positive activity for beta-glucosidase, (iii) positive activity for sialidase, (iv) positive activity for trypsinlike enzyme, (v) negative indole production, (vi) requirement for N-acetylmuramic acid, (vii) colonial morphology, and (viii) gram stain morphology from blood agar medium deficient in N-acetylmuramic acid. Enzymes were assayed with rapid filter paper spot tests based on fluorogenic substrates (4-methylumbelliferone derivatives and N alpha-carbobenzoxy-L-arginine-7-amino-4-methylcoumarin hydrochloride). Gas-liquid chromatography analysis of the metabolic products of B. forsythus grown in peptone yeast extract broth supplemented with N-acetylmuramic acid and heat-inactivated horse serum revealed predominant amounts of acetate, propionate, butyrate, isovalerate, and phenyl acetate, with minor amounts of isobutyrate and succinate. The described presumptive identification scheme facilitated recognition of four strains of B. forsythus which were isolated from subgingival plaque samples from monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). With the exception of indole production, these organisms were essentially identical to the human strains of B. forsythus for all phenotypic and genotypic characteristics examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- P H Braham
- Research Center in Oral Biology, University of Washington, Seattle 98195
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87
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Brondz I, Carlsson J. Cellular fatty acids of Bacteroides forsythus. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY 1990; 533:141-4. [PMID: 2081760 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(00)82194-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I Brondz
- Research Department, National Institute of Occupational Health, Umeå, Sweden
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88
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Loesche WJ, Giordano J, Hujoel PP. The utility of the BANA test for monitoring anaerobic infections due to spirochetes (Treponema denticola) in periodontal disease. J Dent Res 1990; 69:1696-702. [PMID: 2212216 DOI: 10.1177/00220345900690101301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Treponema denticola, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Bacteroides forsythus each possesses an enzyme(s) that hydrolyzes the synthetic substrate benzoyl-DL-arginine-naphthylamide (BANA). The presence of these organisms in a subgingival plaque sample can be determined by the ability of the plaque to hydrolyze BANA. In the present study, we describe the usefulness of the BANA test at various stages of a clinical trial of the efficacy of metronidazole in the treatment of periodontal disease. A BANA-positive test was significantly associated with high levels and proportions of spirochetes in the plaque, so that it provided information comparable with that which could be obtained by a microscopic examination of the plaque. Patients with such anaerobic spirochetal infections were randomly assigned to a group receiving either metronidazole or placebo (250 mg, three times a day) for one week and whose teeth were scaled and root-planed. The advantages of the decision that metronidazole be used were apparent from the comparison with the results obtained in the patients who received only the scaling and root planing. The initially BANA-positive teeth in the patients treated with metronidazole, scaling, and root planing gained attachment and exhibited a significant reduction in the need for periodontal surgery, when compared with the BANA-positive teeth in the patients who received only placebo, scaling, and root planing. After the conclusion of this therapy, those teeth with persistent BANA-positive plaques had significantly higher proportions and levels of spirochetes than did the teeth with BANA-negative plaques.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- W J Loesche
- University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor 48109-1078
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89
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Persson S, Edlund MB, Claesson R, Carlsson J. The formation of hydrogen sulfide and methyl mercaptan by oral bacteria. ORAL MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY 1990; 5:195-201. [PMID: 2082242 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-302x.1990.tb00645.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 358] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The capacity to form volatile sulfur compounds was tested in bacteria isolated from subgingival microbiotas and in a representative number of reference strains. A majority of the 75 tested oral bacterial species and 7 unnamed bacterial taxa formed significant amounts of hydrogen sulfide from L-cysteine. The most active bacteria were found in the genera Peptostreptococcus, Eubacterium, Selenomonas, Centipeda, Bacteroides and Fusobacterium. Methyl mercaptan from L-methionine was formed by some members of the genera Fusobacterium, Bacteroides, Porphyromonas and Eubacterium. When incubated in serum for 7 d, the most potent producers of hydrogen sulfide were Treponema denticola and the black-pigmented species, Bacteroides intermedius, Bacteroides loescheii, Porphyromonas endodontalis and Porphyromonas gingivalis. P. endodontalis and P. gingivalis also produced significant amounts of methyl mercaptan in serum. No other volatile sulfur compound was detected in serum or in the presence of L-cysteine and L-methionine. These findings significantly increase the list of oral bacteria known to produce volatile sulfur compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Persson
- Department of Oral Microbiology, University of Umiea, Sweden
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