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Rapid identification of mycobacterial whole cells in solid and liquid culture media by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry. J Clin Microbiol 2010; 48:4481-6. [PMID: 20943874 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01397-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterial identification is based on several methods: conventional biochemical tests that require several weeks for accurate identification, and molecular tools that are now routinely used. However, these techniques are expensive and time-consuming. In this study, an alternative method was developed using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). This approach allows a characteristic mass spectral fingerprint to be obtained from whole inactivated mycobacterial cells. We engineered a strategy based on specific profiles in order to identify the most clinically relevant species of mycobacteria. To validate the mycobacterial database, a total of 311 strains belonging to 31 distinct species and 4 species complexes grown in Löwenstein-Jensen (LJ) and liquid (mycobacterium growth indicator tube [MGIT]) media were analyzed. No extraction step was required. Correct identifications were obtained for 97% of strains from LJ and 77% from MGIT media. No misidentification was noted. Our results, based on a very simple protocol, suggest that this system may represent a serious alternative for clinical laboratories to identify mycobacterial species.
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Bai SJ, Eum JS, Park YD, Chung SH, Kook YH, Hong SK. PCR-linked reverse DNA hybridization using oligonucleotide-specific probes of rpoB for identification of Mycobacterium avium and Mycobacterium intracellulare. J Microbiol Methods 2010; 83:291-5. [PMID: 20920537 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2010.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2010] [Revised: 09/18/2010] [Accepted: 09/24/2010] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A PCR-linked reverse DNA hybridization method using two different specific rpoB DNA probes (Avp and Intp) of Mycobacterium avium and Mycobacterium intracellulare, respectively, were evaluated for the differentiation and identification of M. avium and M. intracellulare culture isolates. Among the 504 culture isolates tested by this method, 48 strains showed positive results for M. avium and 60 strains showed positive results for M. intracellulare. The other 396 culture isolates showed negative results for both M. avium and M. intracellulare. These results were consistent with those obtained from partial rpoB (306 bp) sequence analysis and biochemical tests. The negative strains obtained by this DNA hybridization method were identified as M. tuberculosis (366 strains), M. peregrinum (11 strains), M. abscessus (9 strains), M. fortuitum (8 strains), and M. flavescens (2 strains) by rpoB DNA sequence analysis. Due to the high sensitive and specific result obtained by this assay, we suggest that this PCR-linked reverse DNA hybridization method using two different specific rpoB DNA probes of M. avium and M. intracellulare would be used for the rapid and precise method for differentiation and identification of M. avium and M. intracellulare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Joon Bai
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, South Korea
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53
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Evaluation of the Speed-oligo® Mycobacteria assay for identification of Mycobacterium spp. from fresh liquid and solid cultures of human clinical samples. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2010; 68:123-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2010.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2010] [Revised: 06/07/2010] [Accepted: 06/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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54
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Biochip system for rapid and accurate identification of mycobacterial species from isolates and sputum. J Clin Microbiol 2010; 48:3654-60. [PMID: 20686082 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00158-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The accurate detection of mycobacterial species from isolates and clinical samples is important for pathogenic diagnosis and treatment and for disease control. There is an urgent need for the development of a rapid, simple, and accurate detection method. We established a biochip assay system, including a biochip, sample preparation apparatus, hybridization instrument, chip washing machine, and laser confocal scanner equipped with interpretation software for automatic diagnosis. The biochip simultaneously identified 17 common mycobacterial species by targeting the differences in the 16S rRNA. The system was assessed with 64 reference strains and 296 Mycobacterium tuberculosis and 243 nontuberculous mycobacterial isolates, as well as 138 other bacteria and 195 sputum samples, and then compared to DNA sequencing. The entire biochip assay took 6 h. The concordance rate between the biochip assay and the DNA sequencing results was 100%. In conclusion, the biochip system provides a simple, rapid, reliable, and highly accurate clinical assay for determination of mycobacterial species in a 6-h procedure, from either culture isolates or sputum samples, allowing earlier pathogen-adapted antimicrobial therapy in patients.
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hsp65 PCR-restriction analysis (PRA) with capillary electrophoresis in comparison to three other methods for identification of Mycobacterium species. J Microbiol Methods 2010; 80:190-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2009.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2009] [Revised: 12/15/2009] [Accepted: 12/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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56
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Marazzi MG, Chapgier A, Defilippi AC, Pistoia V, Mangini S, Savioli C, Dell'Acqua A, Feinberg J, Tortoli E, Casanova JL. Disseminated Mycobacterium scrofulaceum infection in a child with interferon-gamma receptor 1 deficiency. Int J Infect Dis 2010; 14:e167-70. [PMID: 19880337 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2009.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2008] [Revised: 10/01/2008] [Accepted: 03/31/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Disseminated disease caused by non-tuberculous, environmental mycobacteria (EM) reflects impaired host immunity. Disseminated disease caused by Mycobacterium scrofulaceum has primarily been reported in patients with AIDS. Moreover, observing M. scrofulaceum as the agent of localized disease in childhood has become increasingly rare. We report the first case of disseminated disease caused by M. scrofulaceum in a child with inherited interferon-gamma receptor 1 (IFN-gammaR1) complete deficiency. As in this case, mycobacterial bone infections in IFN-gammaR1 deficiency can sometimes mimic the clinical picture of chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Grazia Marazzi
- Infectious Unit and University of Genoa, G. Gaslini Scientific Institute, Largo G. Gaslini 5, 16147 Genoa, Italy.
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57
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Ogwang S, Asiimwe BB, Traore H, Mumbowa F, Okwera A, Eisenach KD, Kayes S, Jones-López EC, McNerney R, Worodria W, Ayakaka I, Mugerwa RD, Smith PG, Ellner J, Joloba ML. Comparison of rapid tests for detection of rifampicin-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Kampala, Uganda. BMC Infect Dis 2009; 9:139. [PMID: 19709423 PMCID: PMC2744678 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-9-139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2009] [Accepted: 08/26/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drug resistant tuberculosis (TB) is a growing concern worldwide. Rapid detection of resistance expedites appropriate intervention to control the disease. Several technologies have recently been reported to detect rifampicin resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis directly in sputum samples. These include phenotypic culture based methods, tests for gene mutations and tests based on bacteriophage replication. The aim of the present study was to assess the feasibility of implementing technology for rapid detection of rifampicin resistance in a high disease burden setting in Africa. METHODS Sputum specimens from re-treatment TB patients presenting to the Mulago Hospital National TB Treatment Centre in Kampala, Uganda, were examined by conventional methods and simultaneously used in one of the four direct susceptibility tests, namely direct BACTEC 460, Etest, "in-house" phage test, and INNO- Rif.TB. The reference method was the BACTEC 460 indirect culture drug susceptibility testing. Test performance, cost and turn around times were assessed. RESULTS In comparison with indirect BACTEC 460, the respective sensitivities and specificities for detecting rifampicin resistance were 100% and 100% for direct BACTEC and the Etest, 94% and 95% for the phage test, and 87% and 87% for the Inno-LiPA assay. Turn around times ranged from an average of 3 days for the INNO-LiPA and phage tests, 8 days for the direct BACTEC 460 and 20 days for the Etest. All methods were faster than the indirect BACTEC 460 which had a mean turn around time of 24 days. The cost per test, including labour ranged from $18.60 to $41.92 (USD). CONCLUSION All four rapid technologies were shown capable of detecting rifampicin resistance directly from sputum. The LiPA proved rapid, but was the most expensive. It was noted, however, that the LiPA test allows sterilization of samples prior to testing thereby reducing the risk of accidental laboratory transmission. In contrast the Etest was low cost, but slow and would be of limited assistance when treating patients. The phage test was the least reproducible test studied with failure rate of 27%. The test preferred by the laboratory personnel, direct BACTEC 460, requires further study to determine its accuracy in real-time treatment decisions in Uganda.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Ogwang
- Joint Clinical Research Centre, Kampala, Uganda
- Uganda-Case Western Reserve University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Benon B Asiimwe
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Hamidou Traore
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Francis Mumbowa
- Joint Clinical Research Centre, Kampala, Uganda
- Makerere University-UMDNJ Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Alphonse Okwera
- Department of Medicine, Makerere University Medical School, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - Susan Kayes
- Joint Clinical Research Centre, Kampala, Uganda
- Uganda-Case Western Reserve University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Edward C Jones-López
- Department of Medicine, New Jersey Medical School – University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey (UMDNJ), Newark, NJ, USA
- Makerere University-UMDNJ Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Ruth McNerney
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - William Worodria
- Makerere University-UMDNJ Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Irene Ayakaka
- Makerere University-UMDNJ Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Roy D Mugerwa
- Department of Medicine, Makerere University Medical School, Kampala, Uganda
- Uganda-Case Western Reserve University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Peter G Smith
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Jerrold Ellner
- Department of Medicine, New Jersey Medical School – University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey (UMDNJ), Newark, NJ, USA
- Makerere University-UMDNJ Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Moses L Joloba
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
- Uganda-Case Western Reserve University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
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58
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Ahmad S, Mokaddas E. Recent advances in the diagnosis and treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. Respir Med 2009; 103:1777-90. [PMID: 19660927 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2009.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2009] [Revised: 06/18/2009] [Accepted: 07/19/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a major infectious disease killing nearly two million people, mostly in developing countries, every year. The increasing incidence of resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains to the most-effective (first-line) anti-TB drugs is a major factor contributing to the current TB epidemic. Drug-resistant strains have evolved mainly due to incomplete or improper treatment of TB patients. Resistance of M. tuberculosis to anti-TB drugs is caused by chromosomal mutations in genes encoding drug targets. Multidrug-resistant (resistant at least to rifampin and isoniazid) strains of M. tuberculosis (MDR-TB) evolve due to sequential accumulation of mutations in target genes. Emergence and spreading of MDR-TB strains is hampering efforts for the control and management of TB. The MDR-TB is also threatening World Health Organization's target of tuberculosis elimination by 2050. Proper management of MDR-TB relies on early recognition of such patients. Several diagnostic methods, both phenotypic and molecular, have been developed recently for rapid identification of MDR-TB strains from suspected patients and some are also suitable for resource-poor countries. Once identified, successful treatment of MDR-TB requires therapy with several effective drugs some of which are highly toxic, less efficacious and expensive. Minimum treatment duration of 18-24 months is also long, making it difficult for health care providers to ensure adherence to treatment. Successful treatment has been achieved by supervised therapy with appropriate drugs at institutions equipped with facilities for culture, drug susceptibility testing of MDR-TB strains to second-line drugs and regular monitoring of patients for adverse drug reactions and bacteriological and clinical improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhail Ahmad
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait.
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59
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Palomino JC. Molecular detection, identification and drug resistance detection inMycobacterium tuberculosis: Table 1. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 56:103-11. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-695x.2009.00555.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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60
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Weile J, Knabbe C. Current applications and future trends of molecular diagnostics in clinical bacteriology. Anal Bioanal Chem 2009; 394:731-42. [PMID: 19377839 PMCID: PMC7079892 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-009-2779-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2008] [Revised: 03/03/2009] [Accepted: 03/30/2009] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Molecular diagnostics of infectious diseases, in particular, nucleic-acid-based methods, are the fastest growing field in clinical laboratory diagnostics. These applications are stepwise replacing or complementing culture-based, biochemical, and immunological assays in microbiology laboratories. The first-generation nucleic acid assays were monoparametric such as conventional tests, determining only a single parameter. Improvements and new approaches in technology now open the possibility for the development of multiparameter assays using microarrays, multiplex nucleic acid amplification techniques, or mass spectrometry, while the introduction of closed-tube systems has resulted in rapid microbial diagnostics with a subsequently reduced contamination risk. Whereas the first assays were focused on the detection and identification of microbial pathogens, these new technologies paved the way for the parallel determination of multiple antibiotic resistance determinants or to perform microbial epidemiology and surveillance on a genetic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Weile
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Molecular Diagnostics, Robert-Bosch-Hospital, Auerbachstrasse 110, 70376, Stuttgart, Germany.
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61
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Ben Salah I, Adékambi T, Raoult D, Drancourt M. rpoB sequence-based identification of Mycobacterium avium complex species. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2009; 154:3715-3723. [PMID: 19047739 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.2008/020164-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) comprises slowly growing mycobacteria responsible for opportunistic infections and zoonoses. The ability to speciate MAC isolates in the clinical microbiology laboratory is critical for determining the organism implicated in clinical disease and for epidemiological investigation of the source of infection. Investigation of a 711 bp variable fragment of rpoB flanked by the Myco-F/Myco-R primers found a 0.7-5.1 % divergence among MAC reference strains, with Mycobacterium chimaera and Mycobacterium intracellulare being the most closely related. Using a 0.7 % divergence cut-off, 83 % of 100 clinical isolates, which had been previously identified by phenotypic characteristics and 16S-23S rDNA intergenic spacer (ITS) probing, were identified as M. avium, 8 % as M. intracellulare and 2 % as M. chimaera. The uniqueness of seven isolates, exhibiting < 99.3 % rpoB sequence similarity with MAC reference strains, was confirmed by 16S rDNA, ITS and hsp65 sequencing and phylogenetic analyses. Partial rpoB gene sequencing using the Myco-F/Myco-R primers permits one-step identification of MAC isolates at the species level and the detection of potentially novel MAC species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iskandar Ben Salah
- Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes, UMR, CNRS-IRD 6236, IFR 48 Faculté de Médecine, Université de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France
| | - Toidi Adékambi
- Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes, UMR, CNRS-IRD 6236, IFR 48 Faculté de Médecine, Université de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France
| | - Didier Raoult
- Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes, UMR, CNRS-IRD 6236, IFR 48 Faculté de Médecine, Université de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France
| | - Michel Drancourt
- Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes, UMR, CNRS-IRD 6236, IFR 48 Faculté de Médecine, Université de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France
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Pourahmad F, Cervellione F, Thompson KD, Taggart JB, Adams A, Richards RH. Mycobacterium stomatepiae sp. nov., a slowly growing, non-chromogenic species isolated from fish. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2009; 58:2821-7. [PMID: 19060066 DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.2008/001164-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Slowly growing, non-chromogenic mycobacteria were isolated from striped barombi mbo cichlids (Stomatepia mariae) maintained at the London Zoo Aquarium, UK. The isolates could be differentiated from other slowly growing, non-pigmented mycobacteria by a combination of phenotypic features including their inability to grow at 37 degrees C, positive tests for heat-stable catalase, tellurite reduction and arylsulfatase activity, and the absence of urease activity, Tween 80 hydrolysis, nitrate reductase, iron uptake and semiquantitative catalase. The almost full-length 16S rRNA gene sequence, together with partial sequences from the 65 kDa heat-shock protein (hsp65) and the beta-subunit of the bacterial RNA polymerase (rpoB) genes and the 16S-23S internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS 1) region were identical for all three novel strains, but distinct from those of all known mycobacterial species. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed the novel isolates within the slowly growing mycobacteria group in close proximity to Mycobacterium florentinum. Based on genotypic and phenotypic findings, it is proposed that these isolates represent a novel species of the genus Mycobacterium, for which the name Mycobacterium stomatepiae sp. nov. is proposed with strain T11(T) (=DSM 45059(T)=CIP 109275(T)=NCIMB 14252(T)) as the type strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazel Pourahmad
- Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK.
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63
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Pourahmad F, Thompson KD, Taggart JB, Adams A, Richards RH. Evaluation of the INNO-LiPA mycobacteria v2 assay for identification of aquatic mycobacteria. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2008; 31:931-940. [PMID: 19017069 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2008.00968.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Fifty-seven isolates of mycobacteria comprising 10 reference strains, 47 field isolates and one non-Mycobacterium isolate were screened using commercial INNO-LiPA v2 assay kits. All mycobacteria isolates tested hybridized with the Mycobacterium genus probe on the LiPA strip. All M. marinum, M. fortuitum and M. chelonae reference and field strains and three out of the four M. gordonae isolates hybridized to their corresponding species- or complex-specific probes. Two cultures (a type strain and a field isolate) yielded mixed growth of two mycobacterial species, i.e. M. chelonae and M. fortuitum. A Mycobacterium isolate from one of these cultures was subsequently purified and correctly identified with the kit. However, sequence analysis of the 16S-23S rRNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of various mycobacteria isolates revealed a misidentification of M. shottsii and M. pseudoshottsii with the kit because these isolates reacted with the M. marinum/M. ulcerans probe. Moreover, nine of the 13 field isolates presumed to be M. fortuitum from the results of the kit had closer ITS sequence homology with M. conceptionense, a species which, to our knowledge, has never been reported in fish. These findings highlight the need to redesign the M. fortuitum-M. peregrinum probe included in the INNO-LiPA assay and to introduce additional complex-specific probes into the kit. Nevertheless, the kit proved to be a rapid and reliable method for identifying mycobacteria in the aquatic environment and would be particularly useful in laboratories without sequencing facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Pourahmad
- Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK.
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64
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van Ingen J, Boeree MJ, de Lange WCM, Hoefsloot W, Bendien SA, Magis-Escurra C, Dekhuijzen R, van Soolingen D. Mycobacterium xenopi clinical relevance and determinants, the Netherlands. Emerg Infect Dis 2008; 14:385-9. [PMID: 18325251 PMCID: PMC2570832 DOI: 10.3201/eid1403.061393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In the Netherlands, isolation of Mycobacterium xenopi is infrequent, and its clinical relevance is often uncertain. To determine clinical relevance and determinants, we retrospectively reviewed medical files of all patients in the Netherlands in whom M. xenopi was isolated from January 1999 through March 2005 by using diagnostic criteria for nontuberculous mycobacterial infection published by the American Thoracic Society. We found 49 patients, mostly white men, with an average age of 60 years and pre-existing pulmonary disease; of these patients, 25 (51%) met the diagnostic criteria. Mycobacterial genotype, based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing, was associated with true infection. Most infections were pulmonary, but pleural and spinal infections (spinal in HIV-infected patients) were also noted. Treatment regimens varied in content and duration; some patients were over-treated and some were undertreated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakko van Ingen
- Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
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65
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Neonakis IK, Gitti Z, Krambovitis E, Spandidos DA. Molecular diagnostic tools in mycobacteriology. J Microbiol Methods 2008; 75:1-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2008.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2008] [Revised: 05/14/2008] [Accepted: 05/23/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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66
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Harket A, Fabre M, Soler C, Arigon JP, Bonnichon A, Saint-Blancard P. [Mycobacterium genavense adenitis in an immunosuppressed patient. The contribution of molecular biology techniques to the diagnosis]. Rev Mal Respir 2008; 25:101-3. [PMID: 18288061 DOI: 10.1016/s0761-8425(08)70476-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Harket
- Service d'Anatomie et de Cytologie Pathologique, Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées Percy, Clamart, France
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67
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Mokaddas E, Ahmad S. Species Spectrum of Nontuberculous Mycobacteria Isolated from Clinical Specimens in Kuwait. Curr Microbiol 2008; 56:413-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s00284-008-9102-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2007] [Accepted: 11/26/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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68
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Abstract
Tests based on nucleic acid amplification can rapidly detect mycobacteria in clinical samples. These appear to be promising and may change how mycobacterial diseases are diagnosed in the future. Utilization of nucleic acid hybridization and DNA sequencing has enabled the identification of mycobacteria to the species level and detection of mutations associated with antimicrobial resistance. Combining nucleic acid amplification with genotypic identification methods allows detection and identification of mycobacteria directly in clinical samples and, to a limited extent, detection of antimicrobial resistance. IFN-gamma-based assays provide results faster than the tuberculin skin test and address many of its shortcomings, and are thus poised to replace the latter in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabin K Shrestha
- Cleveland Clinic, Infectious Diseases/S-32, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
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69
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Martin A, Uwizeye C, Fissette K, De Rijk P, Palomino JC, Leao S, Portaels F. Application of the hsp65 PRA method for the rapid identification of mycobacteria isolated from clinical samples in Belgium. J Microbiol Methods 2007; 71:39-43. [PMID: 17719666 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2007.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2007] [Revised: 06/20/2007] [Accepted: 07/23/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Biochemical identification of mycobacteria is slow and many times fail to produce correct results. We compared PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis (PRA) of hsp65 and biochemical methods for the identification of mycobacteria from human samples in Belgium. PRA was found useful in the identification of mycobacteria and simple to implement as a quick method in the laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anandi Martin
- Mycobacteriology Unit, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nationalestraat, 155, Antwerp, B-2000-Belgium.
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Use of a novel multiplex probe array for rapid identification of Mycobacterium species from clinical isolates. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2007; 23:1779-88. [PMID: 27517834 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-007-9428-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2006] [Accepted: 04/29/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Conventional identification of mycobacteria is based on the analysis of their phenotypic and biochemical characteristics after culture; thus this method is time-consuming, laborious, and is not always conclusive. Developing a fast and accurate method for rapid identification of Mycobacterium species is in urgent need for early diagnosis of mycobacteriosis and effective patient management. In this study, an efficient and affordable novel multiplex probe array which allows simultaneous identification of 15 medically important mycobacterial species was developed. A pair of genus-specific primers and a set of genus- and species-specific probes were designed according to the conserved and polymorphic regions of the 16S rRNA gene, internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence, and 23S rRNA gene of mycobacteria. This probe array was applied for the identification of 78 clinical mycobacterial isolates recovered from Henan, China. The results showed that the specificity and sensitivity of the probe array were 100% for both genus-specific probe and Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex-specific probe. Among 52 isolates of nontuberculous mycobacteria, 43 isolates (82.7%) can be rapidly identified to the species level. Genetic variability of 16S-23S rRNA gene ITS region in M. avium, M. intracellulare, M. chelonae, M. abscessus and M. fortuitum were analyzed. With the accumulation of the sequences of ITS identified and further optimization of probes, the multiplex probe array has the potential to be developed into a practical tool for rapid and accurate identification of mycobacterial species in clinical laboratory.
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Abstract
The past several years have witnessed an upsurge of genomic data pertaining to the Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC). Despite clear advances, problems with the detection of MAC persist, spanning the tests that can be used, samples required for their validation, and the use of appropriate nomenclature. Additionally, the amount of genomic variability documented to date greatly outstrips the functional understanding of epidemiologically different subsets of the organism. In this review, we discuss how postgenomic insights into the MAC have helped to clarify the relationships between MAC organisms, highlighting the distinction between environmental and pathogenic subsets of M. avium. We discuss the availability of various genetic targets for accurate classification of organisms and how these results provide a framework for future studies of MAC variability. The results of postgenomic M. avium study provide optimism that a functional understanding of these organisms will soon emerge, with genomically defined subsets that are epidemiologically distinct and possess different survival mechanisms for their various niches. Although the status quo has largely been to study different M. avium subsets in isolation, it is expected that attention to the similarities and differences between M. avium organisms will provide greater insight into their fundamental differences, including their propensity to cause disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Y Turenne
- McGill University Health Centre, A5.156, 1650 Cedar Avenue, Montreal H3G 1A4, Canada
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72
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Tortoli E, Mariottini A, Mazzarelli G. Mycobacterium sherrisii isolation from a patient with pulmonary disease. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2007; 57:221-3. [PMID: 16930919 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2006.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2006] [Revised: 06/09/2006] [Accepted: 06/27/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The characterization of 2 clinical isolates of Mycobacterium sherrisii provides further phenotypic and genotypic information beyond that reported in the article that originally described this species. One of our strains was responsible for pulmonary disease in a middle-aged non-HIV patient; thus, confirming the potential pathogenicity of this species previously reported only in an HIV-positive patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Tortoli
- Regional Reference Center for Mycobacteria, Careggi Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy.
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73
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Tortoli E, Marcelli F. Use of the INNO LiPA Rif.TB for detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA directly in clinical specimens and for simultaneous determination of rifampin susceptibility. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2006; 26:51-5. [PMID: 17180347 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-006-0240-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The INNO LiPA Rif.TB (Innogenetics, Ghent, Belgium) is a reverse hybridization test developed to detect genetic markers of resistance to rifampin in Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. In the present study, this test was used directly on 3,763 clinical specimens by adopting a nested amplification of the target. The specificity of the system (98.4%) was optimal, but sensitivity (69.5%) was unsatisfactory. However, when use of the system was limited to smear-positive specimens, the sensitivity rose to 91.7%. As expected, the ability of the system to predict rifampin resistance was not influenced by its direct use on clinical specimens and confirmed the favorable results repeatedly reported in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Tortoli
- Regional Reference Center for Mycobacteria, Microbiology Laboratory, Careggi Hospital, Florence, Italy.
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74
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Xiong L, Kong F, Yang Y, Cheng J, Gilbert GL. Use of PCR and reverse line blot hybridization macroarray based on 16S-23S rRNA gene internal transcribed spacer sequences for rapid identification of 34 mycobacterium species. J Clin Microbiol 2006; 44:3544-50. [PMID: 17021080 PMCID: PMC1594812 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00633-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop a PCR and reverse line blot hybridization (PCR-RLB) macroarray assay based on 16S-23S rRNA gene internal transcribed spacer sequences for the identification and differentiation of 34 mycobacterial species or subspecies. The performance of the PCR-RLB assay was assessed and validated by using 78 reference strains belonging to 55 Mycobacterium species, 219 clinical isolates which had been identified as mycobacteria by high-performance liquid chromatography or gas chromatography, three skin biopsy specimens from patients with suspected leprosy which had been shown to contain acid-fast bacilli, and isolates of 14 nonmycobacterial species. All mycobacteria were amplified in the PCR and hybridized with a genus-specific probe (probe MYC). The 34 species-specific probes designed in this study hybridized only with the corresponding Mycobacterium species. The mycobacterial PCR-RLB assay is an efficient tool for the identification of clinical isolates of mycobacteria; it can reliably identify mixed mycobacterial cultures and M. leprae in skin biopsy specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Likuan Xiong
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology (CIDM), Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research (ICPMR), Westmead Hospital, Darcy Rd., Westmead, New South Wales 2145, Australia
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75
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Abstract
Microscopic examination of sputum smears (search for acid-fast bacilli or AFB) is the most rapid procedure for diagnosis of contagious tuberculosis. Gene amplification is not yet reliable for direct detection of M. tuberculosis in clinical specimens that are AFB smear-negative. Culture (3 to 8 weeks on Lowenstein-Jensen medium or 1 to 4 weeks in liquid media) remains essential to identify AFB and conduct antibiotic susceptibility testing. AFB from culture can be identified in a few hours by molecular approaches with specific DNA probes. Results of susceptibility testing, even in liquid media, are not available until 2 to 4 weeks after the recovery of specimens, although mutations of the rpoB and katG 315 genes, which confer resistance to rifampin and isoniazid, can be detected within hours by molecular hybridization with specific probes fixed on strips. Immunologic tests that measure the interferon gamma produced by sensitized lymphocytes are promising tools for the diagnosis of latent tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantal Truffot-Pernot
- Laboratoire de bactériologie-hygiène, Centre national de référence mycobactéries et résistance des mycobactéries aux antituberculeux, Paris (75).
| | - Nicolas Véziris
- Laboratoire de bactériologie-hygiène, Centre national de référence mycobactéries et résistance des mycobactéries aux antituberculeux, Paris (75)
| | - Wladimir Sougakoff
- Laboratoire de bactériologie-hygiène, Centre national de référence mycobactéries et résistance des mycobactéries aux antituberculeux, Paris (75)
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76
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Baptista PV, Koziol-Montewka M, Paluch-Oles J, Doria G, Franco R. Gold-nanoparticle-probe-based assay for rapid and direct detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA in clinical samples. Clin Chem 2006; 52:1433-4. [PMID: 16798971 DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2005.065391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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77
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Mäkinen J, Marjamäki M, Marttila H, Soini H. Evaluation of a novel strip test, GenoType Mycobacterium CM/AS, for species identification of mycobacterial cultures. Clin Microbiol Infect 2006; 12:481-3. [PMID: 16643527 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2006.01380.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A novel DNA strip assay, GenoType Mycobacterium AS, was evaluated for its ability to identify 219 mycobacterial isolates in combination with the GenoType Mycobacterium CM assay. The results were compared with those obtained by conventional 16S rDNA sequencing. The Genotype test correlated well (96%) with sequencing. However, with the CM kit alone, it was possible to identify most (88%) of the isolates found in clinical specimens, and the AS kit provided very little additional information.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Mäkinen
- Mycobacterial Reference Laboratory, National Public Health Institute, Kiinamyllynkatu 13, 20520 Turku, Finland.
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78
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Trueba F, Saint-Blancard P, Fabre M, Andriamanantena D, Rault A, Hervé V. Infections à Mycobacterium genavense diagnostiquées par le test INNO-LiPA MYCOBACTERIA Amplification v2. Presse Med 2006; 35:985-6. [PMID: 16783260 DOI: 10.1016/s0755-4982(06)74734-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diagnosis of atypical mycobacterial infections can be facilitated by molecular biology techniques. CASES Two severely immunodepressed patients were admitted for deterioration of their general health status. Bacteriological analysis of histopathologic fragments showed the presence of acid- and alcohol-resistant bacilli. INNO-LiPA MYCOBACTERIA Amplification v2 made it possible to diagnose Mycobacterium genavense infection. COMMENTS M. genavense is a slow-growing atypical mycobacterium. The molecular biology techniques used by INNO-LiPA MYCOBACTERIA V2 permit its swift identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Trueba
- Service de biologie clinique, Hôpital d'Instruction de Armées Percy, Clamart (92).
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79
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Russo C, Tortoli E, Menichella D. Evaluation of the new GenoType Mycobacterium assay for identification of mycobacterial species. J Clin Microbiol 2006; 44:334-9. [PMID: 16455880 PMCID: PMC1392669 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.44.2.334-339.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The new commercial assay GenoType Mycobacterium, intended for the identification of mycobacteria, was evaluated with a panel of 197 strains belonging to 86 different taxa. The system, which relies on solid-phase reverse hybridization, is composed of two different kits: GenoType CM for the identification of more frequently detected mycobacterial species and GenoType AS for less common species. The sensitivity and specificity were 97.9% and 92.4% for the CM kit and 99.3% and 99.4% for the AS kit. Our results show that the system may represent a useful tool to substantially enlarge the number of mycobacteria that can be reliably identified in clinical laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Russo
- Centro Regionale di Riferimento per la Diagnostica dei Micobatteri, Piastra dei Servizi, Ospedale di Careggi, viale Morgagni 85, 50134 Firenze, Italy
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80
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Saint-Blancard P, Trueba F, Baccialone J, Fabre M. [A mesenteric tumor]. Ann Pathol 2005; 25:334-6. [PMID: 16327663 DOI: 10.1016/s0242-6498(05)80141-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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81
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Abstract
Molecular diagnostics in tuberculosis has enabled rapid detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in clinical specimens, identification of mycobacterial species, detection of drug resistance, and typing for epidemiological investigation. In the laboratory diagnosis of tuberculosis, the nucleic acid amplification (NAA) test is rapid and specific but not as sensitive as culture of mycobacteria. The primary determinant of successful NAA testing for tuberculosis depends on the shedding of mycobacterial DNA in secretions from caseating granulomas and its dissemination into sterile body fluids or tissue biopsies. In multibacillary diseases with a high mycobacterial load, a positive Ziehl-Neelsen smear with a positive NAA test is diagnostic of active tuberculosis, whereas a positive Ziehl-Neelsen smear with a negative NAA test in the absence of inhibitors would indicate nontuberculous mycobacterial disease. The role of the NAA test is more important in paucibacillary diseases with low mycobacterial loads. The presence of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) inhibitors, however, especially in extrapulmonary specimens, may produce false-negative results. Although this problem can be overcome to some extent by extra extraction steps, the additional processing invariably leads to the loss of mycobacterial DNA. To circumvent this problem, a brief culture augmentation step is carried out before the NAA test is performed, which can enhance the mycobacterial load while concomitantly diluting inhibitors, thereby maintaining the sensitivity of the test without excessively increasing turnaround time.
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Affiliation(s)
- V C C Cheng
- Centre of Infection and Immunology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
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82
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Tortoli E, Chianura L, Fabbro L, Mariottini A, Martín-Casabona N, Mazzarelli G, Russo C, Spinelli M. Infections due to the newly described species Mycobacterium parascrofulaceum. J Clin Microbiol 2005; 43:4286-7. [PMID: 16082003 PMCID: PMC1233953 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.43.8.4286-4287.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We report on four cases of infection by the recently described species Mycobacterium parascrofulaceum. In two cases the mycobacterium was isolated from AIDS patients, while in the others it was responsible for pulmonary disease in elderly men. Our findings suggest that M. parascrofulaceum is an opportunistic pathogen, like many other nontuberculous mycobacterial species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Tortoli
- Regional Reference Center for Mycobacteria, Microbiology and Virology Laboratory, Careggi Hospital, Florence, Italy.
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83
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Lebrun L, Weill FX, Lafendi L, Houriez F, Casanova F, Gutierrez MC, Ingrand D, Lagrange P, Vincent V, Herrmann JL. Use of the INNO-LiPA-MYCOBACTERIA assay (version 2) for identification of Mycobacterium avium-Mycobacterium intracellulare-Mycobacterium scrofulaceum complex isolates. J Clin Microbiol 2005; 43:2567-74. [PMID: 15956365 PMCID: PMC1151901 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.43.6.2567-2574.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Using INNO-LiPA-MYCOBACTERIA (Lipav1; Innogenetics) and the AccuProbe (Gen-Probe Inc./bioMérieux) techniques, 35 Mycobacterium avium-Mycobacterium intracellulare-Mycobacterium scrofulaceum (MAC/MAIS) complex strains were identified between January 2000 and December 2002. Thirty-four of 35 isolates were positive only for the MAIS complex probe by Lipav1 and were further analyzed by INNO-LiPA-MYCOBACTERIA version 2 (Lipav2), hsp65 PCR restriction pattern analysis (PRA), and ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS), hsp65, and 16S rRNA sequences. Lipav2 identified 14 of 34 strains at the species level, including 11 isolates positive for the newly specific MAC sequevar Mac-A probe (MIN-2 probe). Ten of these 11 isolates corresponded to sequevar Mac-A, which was recently defined as Mycobacterium chimerae sp. nov. Among the last 20 of the 34 MAIS isolates, 17 (by hsp65 PRA) and 18 (by hsp65 sequence) were characterized as M. avium. Ten of the 20 were identified as Mac-U sequevar. All these 20 isolates were identified as M. intracellulare by 16S rRNA sequence except one isolate identified as Mycobacterium paraffinicum by 16S rRNA and ITS sequencing. One isolate out of 35 isolates that was positive for M. avium by AccuProbe and that was Mycobacterium genus probe positive and MAIS probe negative by Lipav1 and Lipav2 might be considered a new species. In conclusion, the new INNO-LiPA-MYCOBACTERIA allowed the identification of 40% of the previously unidentified MAIS isolates at the species level. The results of the Lipav2 assay on the MAIS isolates confirm the great heterogeneity of this group and suggest the use of hsp65 or ITS sequencing for precise identification of such isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léa Lebrun
- Service de Microbiologie, Hôpital Saint Louis, 1 Avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75010 Paris, France
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84
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Ferdinand S, Legrand E, Goh KS, Berchel M, Mazzarelli G, Sola C, Tortoli E, Rastogi N. Taxonomic and phylogenetic status of non-tuberculous mycobacteria in a Caribbean setting. Mol Cell Probes 2005; 18:399-408. [PMID: 15488380 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2004.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2004] [Accepted: 06/21/2004] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This report describes detailed taxonomic and phylogenetic analysis of 15 non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTMs) isolated from human pathological specimens in a Caribbean setting (12 slow-growers and three rapid-growers) that were not identified by cultural and biochemical tests and drug-susceptibility results. These isolates were further studied using PCR restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis (PRA) of a 441bp hsp65 fragment, as well as the sequencing of 16S rDNA and hsp65 DNA, and HPLC of the mycolic acids. Our results showed that taxonomic position of well-defined NTMs was resolved by PRA and sequencing of hsp65, nonetheless, it was not suitable to investigate rarely observed or new strains that required 16S rDNA sequencing and HPLC for a definite response. Unrooted neighbor-joining phylogenetic trees were drawn based upon the 16S rDNA and hsp65 sequences of the 15 NTMs compared with those from described species (73 for 16S rDNA and 45 for hsp65). For most of the NTMs not showing an exactly matching sequence with either hsp65 or 16S rDNA in the GenBank, the phylogenetic tree was able to provide with useful indications about their relatedness to known species. In such a case, a concording HPLC pattern with the sequence data and the place of the strain within the tree could lead to a potential identification. We also identified three identical isolates that define a new mycobacterial species within the group of M. simiae-related mycobacteria. The isolation and characterization of mycobacteria from new settings may lead to identify potential pathogens that may propogate in future because of increased human migration, travels, and climatic and ecological changes of the modern world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Séverine Ferdinand
- Unité de la Tuberculose et des Mycobactéries, Institut Pasteur de Guadeloupe, Morne Jolivière, BP 484, F-97165 Pointe-à-Pitre Cedex, Guadeloupe France
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85
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Zelazny AM, Calhoun LB, Li L, Shea YR, Fischer SH. Identification of Mycobacterium species by secA1 sequences. J Clin Microbiol 2005; 43:1051-8. [PMID: 15750059 PMCID: PMC1081289 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.43.3.1051-1058.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe a novel molecular method for the differentiation and identification of 29 mycobacterial species. The target is the secA1 gene that codes for the essential protein SecA1, a key component of the major pathway of protein secretion across the cytoplasmic membrane. A 700-bp region of the secA1 gene was amplified and sequenced from 47 American Type Culture Collection strains of 29 Mycobacterium species as well as from 59 clinical isolates. Sequence variability in the amplified segment of the secA1 gene allowed the differentiation of all species except for the members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) complex, which had identical sequences. A range of 83.3 to 100% interspecies similarity was observed. All species could also be differentiated by their amino acid sequences as deduced from the sequenced region of the secA1 gene, with the exception of the MTB complex. Partial sequences of secA1 from clinical isolates belonging to nine frequently isolated species of mycobacteria revealed a very high intraspecies similarity at the DNA level (typically >99%; range, 96.0 to 100%); all clinical isolates were correctly identified. Comparison of the deduced 233-amino-acid sequences among clinical isolates of the same species showed between 99.6 and 100% similarity. To our knowledge, this is the first time a secretion-related gene has been used for the identification of the species within a bacterial genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian M Zelazny
- Microbiology Service, Departmant of Laboratory Medicine, Magnuson Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, MSC 1508, Bethesda, MD 20892-1508, USA
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86
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Bruijnesteijn van Coppenraet LES, Kuijper EJ, Lindeboom JA, Prins JM, Claas ECJ. Mycobacterium haemophilum and lymphadenitis in children. Emerg Infect Dis 2005; 11:62-8. [PMID: 15705324 PMCID: PMC3294366 DOI: 10.3201/eid1101.040589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium haemophilum is the second most common pathogen in children with mycobacterial lymphadenitis. Infections associated with Mycobacterium haemophilum are underdiagnosed because specific culture methods required for its recovery are not applied routinely. Using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology on fine needle aspirates and biopsied specimens from 89 children with cervicofacial lymphadenitis, we assessed the importance of M. haemophilum. Application of a Mycobacterium genus–specific real-time PCR in combination with amplicon sequencing and a M. haemophilum–specific PCR resulted in the recognition of M. haemophilum as the causative agent in 16 (18%) children with cervicofacial lymphadenitis. Mycobacterium avium was the most frequently found species (56%), and M. haemophilum was the second most commonly recognized pathogen. Real-time PCR results were superior to culture because only 9 (56%) of the 16 diagnosed M. haemophilum infections were positive by culture.
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87
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García García J, Palacios Gutiérrez J, Sánchez Antuña A. Infecciones respiratorias por micobacterias ambientales. Arch Bronconeumol 2005. [DOI: 10.1157/13073171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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88
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García García JM, Palacios Gutiérrez JJ, Sánchez Antuña AA. Respiratory Infections Caused by Environmental Mycobacteria. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 41:206-19. [PMID: 15826531 DOI: 10.1016/s1579-2129(06)60432-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J M García García
- Sección de Neumología, Hospital San Agustín, Avilés, Asturias, España.
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89
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Vaerewijck MJM, Huys G, Palomino JC, Swings J, Portaels F. Mycobacteria in drinking water distribution systems: ecology and significance for human health. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2005; 29:911-34. [PMID: 16219512 DOI: 10.1016/j.femsre.2005.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2004] [Revised: 11/29/2004] [Accepted: 02/05/2005] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In contrast to the notorious pathogens Mycobacterium tuberculosis and M. leprae, the majority of the mycobacterial species described to date are generally not considered as obligate human pathogens. The natural reservoirs of these non-primary pathogenic mycobacteria include aquatic and terrestrial environments. Under certain circumstances, e.g., skin lesions, pulmonary or immune dysfunctions and chronic diseases, these environmental mycobacteria (EM) may cause disease. EM such as M. avium, M. kansasii, and M. xenopi have frequently been isolated from drinking water and hospital water distribution systems. Biofilm formation, amoeba-associated lifestyle, and resistance to chlorine have been recognized as important factors that contribute to the survival, colonization and persistence of EM in water distribution systems. Although the presence of EM in tap water has been linked to nosocomial infections and pseudo-infections, it remains unclear if these EM provide a health risk for immunocompromised people, in particular AIDS patients. In this regard, control strategies based on maintenance of an effective disinfectant residual and low concentration of nutrients have been proposed to keep EM numbers to a minimum in water distribution systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario J M Vaerewijck
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Gent, Belgium
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90
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Trueba F, Fabre M, Saint-Blancard P. Rapid identification of Mycobacterium genavense with a new commercially available molecular test, INNO-LiPA MYCOBACTERIA v2. J Clin Microbiol 2004; 42:4403-4. [PMID: 15365056 PMCID: PMC516359 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.42.9.4403-4404.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a rare mesenteric localized Mycobacterium genavense infection in a severely immunocompromised human immunodeficiency virus-infected patient. An INNO-LiPA MYCOBACTERIA v2 test was performed directly on biopsy samples. This new molecular tool could be used for simultaneous identification of mycobacterium species from human specimens, but other studies are needed to validate our first results.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Trueba
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Percy Hospital, 101 avenue Henri Barbusse, 92141 Clamart cedex, France.
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91
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Piersimoni C, Zitti P, Mazzarelli G, Mariottini A, Nista D, Zallocco D. Mycobacterium triplex pulmonary disease in immunocompetent host. Emerg Infect Dis 2004; 10:1859-62. [PMID: 15504279 PMCID: PMC3323268 DOI: 10.3201/eid1010.040217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium triplex, a recently described, potentially pathogenic species, caused disease primarily in immunocompromised patients. We report a case of pulmonary infection due to this mycobacterium in an immunocompetent patient and review the characteristics of two other cases. In our experience, Mycobacterium triplex pulmonary infection is unresponsive to antimycobacterial chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Piersimoni
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, United Hospitals, I-60020 Ancona, Italy.
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92
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Shamputa IC, Rigouts And L, Portaels F. Molecular genetic methods for diagnosis and antibiotic resistance detection of mycobacteria from clinical specimens. APMIS 2004; 112:728-52. [PMID: 15638836 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0463.2004.apm11211-1203.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacteria comprise a diverse group of bacteria that are widespread in nature, some of which cause significant disease in humans. Members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) are the most important human pathogens of the genus Mycobacterium. Traditional methods for detection and identification of mycobacteria include microscopy, culture and phenotypic tests. These methods either lack sensitivity, specificity, or are time consuming. Advances in the field of molecular biology have provided rapid diagnostic tools that have reduced the turnaround times for detecting MTBC and drug resistance in cultures and directly in clinical specimens from weeks to days. This review discusses the molecular genetic techniques for detecting and identifying MTBC as well as drug resistance of mycobacteria in clinical specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- I C Shamputa
- Mycobacteriology Unit, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
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93
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Hong SK, Kim BJ, Yun YJ, Lee KH, Kim EC, Park EM, Park YG, Bai GH, Kook YH. Identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by PCR-linked reverse hybridization using specific rpoB oligonucleotide probes. J Microbiol Methods 2004; 59:71-9. [PMID: 15325754 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2004.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2004] [Accepted: 06/14/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A reverse probe hybridization method using two different Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific rpoB DNA probes in combination was evaluated for the identification of M. tuberculosis culture isolates. Among the 384 isolates tested, 354 strains were identified as M. tuberculosis, which included 37 rifampin-resistant strains, and 30 were nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM). This result was in accord with partial rpoB sequence analysis and IS6110 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) results, but not with the results of biochemical testing, which produced two false negative results. Because of its high level of sensitivity and specificity, we suggest that M. tuberculosis-specific rpoB probes immobilized on micro-titer well plates or on other solid matrixes can be used efficiently for the rapid and convenient identification of M. tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Karp Hong
- Department of Microbiology and Cancer Research Institute, Institute of Endemic Diseases, SNUMRC, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Chongno-Gu, Seoul 110-799, Republic of Korea
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94
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Piersimoni C, Goteri G, Nista D, Mariottini A, Mazzarelli G, Bornigia S. Mycobacterium lentiflavum as an emerging causative agent of cervical lymphadenitis. J Clin Microbiol 2004; 42:3894-7. [PMID: 15297560 PMCID: PMC497572 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.42.8.3894-3897.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A lymph node excision was performed on a 45-year-old woman with left cervical swelling. The disorder which developed after the patient had undergone oral surgery for a severe periodontal disease failed to respond to antimicrobial chemotherapy. A mycobacterial strain subsequently identified by high-performance liquid chromatography analysis of cell wall mycolic acids as Mycobacterium lentiflavum grew from the excised specimen. This case and previously published reports highlight the relevance of M. lentiflavum as an emerging causative agent of mycobacterial cervical lymphadenitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Piersimoni
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, United Hospitals, Via Conca 71, I-60020, Ancona, Italy.
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95
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Padilla E, González V, Manterola JM, Pérez A, Quesada MD, Gordillo S, Vilaplana C, Pallarés MA, Molinos S, Sánchez MD, Ausina V. Comparative evaluation of the new version of the INNO-LiPA Mycobacteria and genotype Mycobacterium assays for identification of Mycobacterium species from MB/BacT liquid cultures artificially inoculated with Mycobacterial strains. J Clin Microbiol 2004; 42:3083-8. [PMID: 15243064 PMCID: PMC446295 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.42.7.3083-3088.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The performance of two DNA line probe assays, a new version of INNO-LiPA Mycobacteria (Innogenetics, Ghent, Belgium) and the GenoType Mycobacterium (Hain Diagnostika, Nehren, Germany), were evaluated for identification of mycobacterial species isolated from liquid cultures. Both tests are based on a PCR technique and designed for simultaneous identification of different mycobacterial species by reverse hybridization and line probe technology. The INNO-LiPA Mycobacteria v2 targeting the 16S-23S rRNA gene spacer region was developed for the simultaneous identification of 16 different mycobacterial species. The GenoType Mycobacterium, which targets the 23S rRNA gene, allows simultaneous identification of 13 mycobacterial species. Both tests were evaluated on 110 mycobacterial strains belonging to 22 different mycobacterial species (20 reference strains, 83 clinical strains, and 4 Mycobacterium kansasii strains isolated from tap water) that were previously inoculated into MB/BacT bottles. The sensitivity of both methods, defined as the number of positive results obtained with the Mycobacterium genus probe together with an interpretable result on the number of samples tested was 110 of 110 (100%) for INNO-LiPA and 102 of 110 (92.7%) for GenoType. For samples with interpretable results, INNO-LiPA was able to correctly identify 109 of 110 samples (99.1%), whereas the GenoType correctly identified 100 of 102 samples (98.0%). Both tests were easy to perform, rapid, and reliable when applied to mycobacterial identification directly from MB/BacT bottles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Padilla
- Servicio de Microbiología, Departamento de Genética y Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Germans Trias i Pujol, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Ctra. del Canyet s/n, 08916 Badalona, Barcelona, Spain. epadilla.@ns.hugtip.scs.es
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96
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Tortoli E, Rindi L, Garcia MJ, Chiaradonna P, Dei R, Garzelli C, Kroppenstedt RM, Lari N, Mattei R, Mariottini A, Mazzarelli G, Murcia MI, Nanetti A, Piccoli P, Scarparo C. Proposal to elevate the genetic variant MAC-A, included in the Mycobacterium avium complex, to species rank as Mycobacterium chimaera sp. nov. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2004; 54:1277-1285. [PMID: 15280303 DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.02777-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The possibility that the strains included within the Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC), but not belonging either to M. avium or to Mycobacterium intracellulare, may be members of undescribed taxa, has already been questioned by several taxonomists. A very homogeneous cluster of 12 strains characterized by identical nucleotide sequences both in the 16S rDNA and in the 16S–23S internal transcribed spacer was investigated. Similar strains, previously reported in the literature, had been assigned either to the species M. intracellulare on the basis of the 16S rDNA similarity or to the group of MAC intermediates. However, several phenotypical and epidemiological characteristics seem to distinguish these strains from all other MAC organisms. The unique mycolic acid pattern obtained by HPLC is striking as it is characterized by two clusters of peaks, instead of the three presented by all other MAC organisms. All of the strains have been isolated from humans and all but one came from the respiratory tract of elderly people. The clinical significance of these strains, ascertained for seven patients, seems to suggest an unusually high virulence. The characteristics of all the strains reported in the literature, genotypically identical to the ones described here, seem to confirm our data, without reports of isolations from animals or the environment or, among humans, from AIDS patients. Therefore, an elevation of the MAC variant was proposed and characterized here, with the name Mycobacterium chimaera sp. nov.; this increases the number of species included in the M. avium complex. The type strain is FI-01069T (=CIP 107892T=DSM 44623T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Tortoli
- Regional Reference Center for Mycobacteria, Microbiology and Virology Laboratory, Careggi Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Laura Rindi
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Medical Biotechnologies, Infectivology and Epidemiology, University of Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Maria J Garcia
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Autonoma University of Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Patrizia Chiaradonna
- Microbiology and Virology Laboratory, S. Camillo-Forlanini Hospitals, 00149 Rome, Italy
| | - Rosanna Dei
- Department of Public Health, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Carlo Garzelli
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Medical Biotechnologies, Infectivology and Epidemiology, University of Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Nicoletta Lari
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Medical Biotechnologies, Infectivology and Epidemiology, University of Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Romano Mattei
- Clinical Laboratory, Campo di Marte Hospital, 55100 Lucca, Italy
| | - Alessandro Mariottini
- Genetics and Cytogenetics Unit, Careggi Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy
- Regional Reference Center for Mycobacteria, Microbiology and Virology Laboratory, Careggi Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Gianna Mazzarelli
- Microbiological and Virological Serum-immunology Laboratory, Careggi Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy
- Regional Reference Center for Mycobacteria, Microbiology and Virology Laboratory, Careggi Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Martha I Murcia
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Autonoma University of Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Anna Nanetti
- Department of Specialized and Experimental Clinical Medicine, Microbiology Division, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Paola Piccoli
- Regional Reference Center for Mycobacteria, S. Bortolo Hospital, 36100 Vicenza, Italy
| | - Claudio Scarparo
- Regional Reference Center for Mycobacteria, S. Bortolo Hospital, 36100 Vicenza, Italy
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97
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Abstract
The molecular aetiology of familial susceptibility to disseminated mycobacterial disease, usually involving weakly pathogenic strains of mycobacteria, has now been elucidated in more than 30 families. Mutations have been identified in five genes in the interleukin-12-dependent interferon-gamma pathway, highlighting the importance of this pathway in human mycobacterial immunity. Knowledge derived from the study of these rare patients contributes to our understanding of the immune response to common mycobacterial pathogens such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium leprae, which remain major public health problems globally. This knowledge can be applied to the rational development of novel therapies and vaccines for these important mycobacterial diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Newport
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Addenbrookes Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 2XY, UK.
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