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Jadhav P, Jiang Y, Jarr K, Layton C, Ashouri JF, Sinha SR. Efficacy of Dietary Supplements in Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Related Autoimmune Diseases. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12072156. [PMID: 32698454 PMCID: PMC7400845 DOI: 10.3390/nu12072156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The microbiome is an important contributor to a variety of fundamental aspects of human health, including host metabolism, infection, and the immune response. Gut dysbiosis has been identified as a contributor to the errant immune response in a variety of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs), such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and psoriatic disease (psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis). Given this, probiotics and prebiotics have been investigated as therapeutic options in these disease states. In our review, we highlight the current evidence on prebiotics and probiotics as well as other supplements (such as fish oils, vitamin D, and curcumin) as therapies for IBD. Recommendations, however, regarding the specific use of such supplements in IBD have been lacking, particularly from professional societies, often due to study limitations related to small sample sizes and design heterogeneity. Hence, we additionally examine the literature on the use of prebiotics, probiotics, and other supplements in related IMIDs, namely RA and psoriasis/psoriatic arthritis, as these diseases share many approved therapeutic options with IBD. Based on these combined findings, we offer additional evidence that may help guide clinicians in their treatment of patients with IBD (and other IMIDs) and provide recommendations on potential next steps in therapeutic research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yan Jiang
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Redwood City, CA 94063, USA; (Y.J.); (K.J.)
| | - Karolin Jarr
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Redwood City, CA 94063, USA; (Y.J.); (K.J.)
| | - Cosima Layton
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA;
| | - Judith F. Ashouri
- Rosalind Russell and Ephraim P. Engleman Rheumatology Research Center, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Correspondence: (J.F.A.); (S.R.S.); Tel.: +1-(415)-476-4116 (J.F.A.); +1-(650)-497-6216 (S.R.S.)
| | - Sidhartha R. Sinha
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Redwood City, CA 94063, USA; (Y.J.); (K.J.)
- Correspondence: (J.F.A.); (S.R.S.); Tel.: +1-(415)-476-4116 (J.F.A.); +1-(650)-497-6216 (S.R.S.)
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Morrin ST, McCarthy G, Kennedy D, Marotta M, Irwin JA, Hickey RM. Immunoglobulin G from bovine milk primes intestinal epithelial cells for increased colonization of bifidobacteria. AMB Express 2020; 10:114. [PMID: 32556705 PMCID: PMC7303254 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-020-01048-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A bovine colostrum fraction (BCF) was recently shown to enhance the adherence of several commensal organisms to intestinal epithelial cells through modulating the epithelial cell surface. In this study, the main components of the BCF were examined to investigate the active component/s responsible for driving the changes in the intestinal cells. The adherence of various bifidobacteria to HT-29 cells was increased when the intestinal cells were pre-incubated with immunoglobulin G (IgG). Modulation of the intestinal cells by IgG was concentration dependent with 16 mg/mL IgG resulting in a 43-fold increase in the adhesion of Bifidobacterium longum NCIMB 8809 to HT-29 cells. Periodate treatment of colostral IgG prior to performing the colonization studies resulted in a reduction in the adhesion of the strain to the intestinal cells demonstrating that the glycans of IgG may be important in modulating the intestinal cells for enhanced commensal adhesion. IgG isolated from mature milk also resulted in significant increases in adhesion of the Bifidobacterium strains tested albeit at reduced levels (3.9-fold). The impact of IgG on the HT-29 cells was also visualised via scanning electron microscopy. This study builds a strong case for the inclusion of IgG ingredients sourced from cow’s milk in functional foods aimed at increasing numbers of health promoting bacteria in the human gut.
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Ramlucken U, Roets Y, Ramchuran SO, Moonsamy G, van Rensburg CJ, Thantsha MS, Lalloo R. Isolation, selection and evaluation of Bacillus spp. as potential multi-mode probiotics for poultry. J GEN APPL MICROBIOL 2020; 66:228-238. [PMID: 32536637 DOI: 10.2323/jgam.2019.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Bacillus based probiotics are becoming relevant as alternatives to antibiotics used in poultry production and in other animal husbandry. This study describes the isolation of 48 Bacillus spp. candidates, from chickens and chicken environments, for use as potential probiotics in poultry production. These isolates, plus a further 18, were tested in a comprehensive in vitro screening regime that was specifically designed to select the best isolates that satisfied multiple modes of action desirable for commercial poultry probiotics. This screening programme involved the evaluation of the ability of the isolates to survive and grow in the limiting conditions of the chicken gastrointestinal tract. Only 11 of the isolates fulfilled these criteria; hence, they were further evaluated for the ability to adhere to epithelial cells, produce extracellular enzymes, and to demonstrate antagonistic activity against selected pathogens of significant importance in poultry production. Of these, a total of 6 isolates were selected, due to their all-round probiotic capability. Identification by 16S RNA sequencing confirmed these isolates as B. subtilis and B. velezensis, identities which are generally regarded as safe. The Bacillus isolates reported in our study exhibit strong all-inclusive probiotic effects and can potentially be formulated as a probiotic preparation for poultry production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uraisha Ramlucken
- The Council for Scientific and Industrial Research.,University of Pretoria
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Dekaboruah E, Suryavanshi MV, Chettri D, Verma AK. Human microbiome: an academic update on human body site specific surveillance and its possible role. Arch Microbiol 2020; 202:2147-2167. [PMID: 32524177 PMCID: PMC7284171 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-020-01931-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Human body is inhabited by vast number of microorganisms which form a complex ecological community and influence the human physiology, in the aspect of both health and diseases. These microbes show a relationship with the human immune system based on coevolution and, therefore, have a tremendous potential to contribute to the metabolic function, protection against the pathogen and in providing nutrients and energy. However, of these microbes, many carry out some functions that play a crucial role in the host physiology and may even cause diseases. The introduction of new molecular technologies such as transcriptomics, metagenomics and metabolomics has contributed to the upliftment on the findings of the microbiome linked to the humans in the recent past. These rapidly developing technologies are boosting our capacity to understand about the human body-associated microbiome and its association with the human health. The highlights of this review are inclusion of how to derive microbiome data and the interaction between human and associated microbiome to provide an insight on the role played by the microbiome in biological processes of the human body as well as the development of major human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elakshi Dekaboruah
- Department of Microbiology, Sikkim University, Gangtok, Sikkim, 737102, India
| | | | - Dixita Chettri
- Department of Microbiology, Sikkim University, Gangtok, Sikkim, 737102, India
| | - Anil Kumar Verma
- Department of Microbiology, Sikkim University, Gangtok, Sikkim, 737102, India.
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Vargason AM, Santhosh S, Anselmo AC. Surface Modifications for Improved Delivery and Function of Therapeutic Bacteria. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e2001705. [PMID: 32410314 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202001705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Live therapeutic bacteria (LTBs) hold promise to treat microbiome-related diseases. However, few approaches to improve the colonization of LTBs in the gastrointestinal tract exist, despite colonization being a prerequisite for efficacy of many LTBs. Here, a modular platform to rapidly modify the surface of LTBs to enable receptor-specific interactions with target surfaces is reported. Inspired by bacterial adhesins that facilitate colonization, synthetic adhesins (SAs) are developed for LTBs in the form of antibodies conjugated to their surface. The SA platform is nontoxic, does not alter LTB growth kinetics, and can be used with any antibody or bacterial strain combination. By improving adhesion, SA-modified bacteria demonstrate enhanced in vitro pathogen exclusion from cell monolayers. In vivo kinetics of SA-modified LTBs is tracked in the feces and intestines of treated mice, demonstrating that SA-modified bacteria alter short-term intestinal transit and improve LTB colonization and pharmacokinetics. This platform enables rapid formation of an intestinal niche, leading to an increased maximum concentration and a 20% improvement in total LTB exposure. This work is the first application of traditional pharmacokinetic analysis to design and evaluate LTB drug delivery systems and provides a platform toward controlling adhesion, colonization, and efficacy of LTBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ava M Vargason
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Shruti Santhosh
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Aaron C Anselmo
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
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Pugh JN, Wagenmakers AJM, Doran DA, Fleming SC, Fielding BA, Morton JP, Close GL. Probiotic supplementation increases carbohydrate metabolism in trained male cyclists: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2020; 318:E504-E513. [PMID: 32069071 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00452.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We hypothesized that probiotic supplementation (PRO) increases the absorption and oxidation of orally ingested maltodextrin during 2 h endurance cycling, thereby sparing muscle glycogen for a subsequent time trial (simulating a road race). Measurements were made of lipid and carbohydrate oxidation, plasma metabolites and insulin, gastrointestinal (GI) permeability, and subjective symptoms of discomfort. Seven male cyclists were randomized to PRO (bacterial composition given in methods) or placebo for 4 wk, separated by a 14-day washout period. After each period, cyclists consumed a 10% maltodextrin solution (initial 8 mL/kg bolus and 2 mL/kg every 15 min) while exercising for 2 h at 55% maximal aerobic power output, followed by a 100-kJ time trial. PRO resulted in small increases in peak oxidation rates of the ingested maltodextrin (0.84 ± 0.10 vs. 0.77 ± 0.09 g/min; P = 0.016) and mean total carbohydrate oxidation (2.20 ± 0.25 vs. 1.87 ± 0.39 g/min; P = 0.038), whereas fat oxidation was reduced (0.40 ± 0.11 vs. 0.55 ± 0.10 g/min; P = 0.021). During PRO, small but significant increases were seen in glucose absorption, plasma glucose, and insulin concentration and decreases in nonesterified fatty acid and glycerol. Differences between markers of GI damage and permeability and time-trial performance were not significant (P > 0.05). In contrast to the hypothesis, PRO led to minimal increases in absorption and oxidation of the ingested maltodextrin and small reductions in fat oxidation, whereas having no effect on subsequent time-trial performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie N Pugh
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Anton J M Wagenmakers
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Dominic A Doran
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | | | - Barbara A Fielding
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - James P Morton
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Graeme L Close
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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Pourjafar H, Noori N, Gandomi H, Basti AA, Ansari F. Viability of microencapsulated and non-microencapsulated Lactobacilli in a commercial beverage. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 25:e00432. [PMID: 32099822 PMCID: PMC7030990 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2020.e00432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Ca-alginate-chitosan and eudragit S100 nanoparticles were used for encapsulation. The encapsulation increased the viability of probiotics into Iranian Doogh beverage. The encapsulation increased the viability of probiotics under GI conditions.
The survival rate of free and encapsulated L. acidophilus and L. rhamnosus into Doogh beverage and simulated gastrointestinal conditions during 42-day were studied. Microencapsulation considerably protected both L. acidophilus and L. rhamnosus in Doogh beverage storage and in gastrointestinal conditions. Microencapsulation provided better protection to L. acidophilus than to L. rhamnosus during Doogh storage. In beverages containing the free form of bacteria, pH and acidity changes were greater than those of microencapsulated and control groups. More activity of the free probiotic bacteria (during a 42-day period especially after 21-day) produced more acid and metabolites inside the product, thereby reducing the organoleptic properties scores, However, acidity, pH and organoleptic characteristics of Doogh containing microencapsulated bacteria did not change considerably. In conclusion, this study suggests that the encapsulation and double coating of L. acidophilus and L. rhamnosus can increase the viability of them in Doogh beverage and in simulated GI conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Pourjafar
- Department of Food Sciences, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Negin Noori
- Department of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Iran
| | - Hasan Gandomi
- Department of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Fereshteh Ansari
- Research Center for Evidence-Based Medicine, Health Management and Safety Promotion Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Iranian EBM Centre: A Joanna Briggs Institute Affiliated Group, Iran.,Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran. Iran
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Rahmati F. Microencapsulation of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus plantarum in Eudragit S100 and alginate chitosan under gastrointestinal and normal conditions. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-019-01174-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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59
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Yu HS, Jang HJ, Lee NK, Paik HD. Evaluation of the probiotic characteristics and prophylactic potential of Weissella cibaria strains isolated from kimchi. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2019.05.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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60
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Etienne-Mesmin L, Chassaing B, Desvaux M, De Paepe K, Gresse R, Sauvaitre T, Forano E, de Wiele TV, Schüller S, Juge N, Blanquet-Diot S. Experimental models to study intestinal microbes–mucus interactions in health and disease. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2019; 43:457-489. [DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuz013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT
A close symbiotic relationship exists between the intestinal microbiota and its host. A critical component of gut homeostasis is the presence of a mucus layer covering the gastrointestinal tract. Mucus is a viscoelastic gel at the interface between the luminal content and the host tissue that provides a habitat to the gut microbiota and protects the intestinal epithelium. The review starts by setting up the biological context underpinning the need for experimental models to study gut bacteria-mucus interactions in the digestive environment. We provide an overview of the structure and function of intestinal mucus and mucins, their interactions with intestinal bacteria (including commensal, probiotics and pathogenic microorganisms) and their role in modulating health and disease states. We then describe the characteristics and potentials of experimental models currently available to study the mechanisms underpinning the interaction of mucus with gut microbes, including in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo models. We then discuss the limitations and challenges facing this field of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Etienne-Mesmin
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, MEDIS, 28 Place Henri Dunant, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Benoit Chassaing
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, 100 Piedmont Ave SE, Atlanta, GA 30303 , USA
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, 100 Piedmont Ave, Atlanta, GA 30303 , USA
| | - Mickaël Desvaux
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, MEDIS, 28 Place Henri Dunant, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Kim De Paepe
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Raphaële Gresse
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, MEDIS, 28 Place Henri Dunant, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Thomas Sauvaitre
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, MEDIS, 28 Place Henri Dunant, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Evelyne Forano
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, MEDIS, 28 Place Henri Dunant, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Tom Van de Wiele
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stephanie Schüller
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR7UQ, United Kingdom
| | - Nathalie Juge
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR7UQ, United Kingdom
| | - Stéphanie Blanquet-Diot
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, MEDIS, 28 Place Henri Dunant, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Molecular Switch Controlling Expression of the Mannose-Specific Adhesin, Msa, in Lactobacillus plantarum. Appl Environ Microbiol 2019; 85:AEM.02954-18. [PMID: 30877113 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02954-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Some lactic acid bacteria, especially Lactobacillus spp., possess adhesive properties enabling colonization of the human gastrointestinal tract. Two probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum strains, WCSF1 and 299v, display highly different mannose-specific adhesion, with L. plantarum 299v being superior to L. plantarum WCFS1 based on a yeast agglutination assay. A straightforward correlation between the mannose adhesion capacity and domain composition of the mannose-specific adhesin (Msa) in the two strains has not been demonstrated previously. In this study, we analyzed the promoter regions upstream of the msa gene encoding a mannose-specific adhesin in these two strains. The promoter region was mapped by primer extension and DNA sequence analysis, and only a single nucleotide change was identified between the two strains. However, Northern blot analysis showed a stronger msa transcript band in 299v than in WCFS1 correlating with the different adhesion capacities. During the establishment of a high-throughput yeast agglutination assay, we isolated variants of WCFS1 that displayed a very strong mannose-specific adhesion phenotype. The region upstream of the msa gene in these variants showed an inversion of a 104-bp fragment located between two perfectly inverted repeats present in the untranslated leader region. The inversion disrupts a strong hairpin structure that otherwise most likely would terminate the msa transcript. In addition, the ribosome binding site upstream of the msa gene, which is also masked within this hairpin structure, becomes accessible upon inversion, thereby increasing the frequency of translation initiation in the variant strains. Furthermore, Northern blot analysis showed a higher abundance of the msa transcript in the variants than in the wild type, correlating with a strong-Msa phenotype.IMPORTANCE Probiotic strains possess adhesive properties enabling colonization of the human intestinal tract through interactions between molecules present on the probiotic bacteria and components of the epithelial surface. In Lactobacillus plantarum, interaction is mediated through bacterial surface proteins like Msa, which binds to mannose residues present on the intestinal cells. Such interactions are believed to be important for the health-promoting effects of probiotics, including displacement of pathogens, immunomodulation, and protective effects on the intestinal barrier function. In this study, we have identified a new molecular switch controlling expression of the msa gene in L. plantarum strain WCFS1. Strains with increased msa expression could be valuable in the development and manufacture of improved probiotic products.
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Baccouri O, Boukerb AM, Farhat LB, Zébré A, Zimmermann K, Domann E, Cambronel M, Barreau M, Maillot O, Rincé I, Muller C, Marzouki MN, Feuilloley M, Abidi F, Connil N. Probiotic Potential and Safety Evaluation of Enterococcus faecalis OB14 and OB15, Isolated From Traditional Tunisian Testouri Cheese and Rigouta, Using Physiological and Genomic Analysis. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:881. [PMID: 31105672 PMCID: PMC6491886 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains OB14 and OB15 were isolated from traditional Tunisian fermented dairy products, Testouri cheese and Rigouta, respectively. They were identified as Enterococcus faecalis by the MALDI TOF-MS (matrix assisted laser desorption-ionization time of flight mass spectrometry) biotyper system and molecular assays (species-specific PCR). These new isolates were evaluated for probiotic properties, compared to E. faecalis Symbioflor 1 clone DSM 16431, as reference. The bacteria were found to be tolerant to the harsh conditions of the gastrointestinal tract (acidity and bile salt). They were low to moderate biofilm producers, can adhere to Caco-2/TC7 intestinal cells and strengthen the intestinal barrier through the increase of the transepithelial electrical resistance (TER). Susceptibility to ampicillin, vancomycin, gentamicin and erythromycin has been tested using the broth microdilutions method. The results demonstrated that E. faecalis OB14 and OB15 were sensitive to the clinically important ampicillin (MIC = 1 μg/mL) and vancomycin (MIC = 2 μg/mL) antibiotics. However, Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) showed the presence of tetracycline resistance and cytolysin genes in E. faecalis OB14, and this led to high mortality of Galleria Mellonella larvae in the virulence test. Hierarchical cluster analysis by MALDI TOF-MS biotyper showed that E. faecalis OB15 was closely related to the E. faecalis Symbioflor 1 probiotic strain than to OB14, and this has been confirmed by WGS using the average nucleotide identity (ANI) and Genome-to-Genome Hybridization similarity methods. According to these results, E. faecalis OB15 seems to be reliable for future development as probiotic, in food or feed industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olfa Baccouri
- Laboratory of Protein Engineering and Bioactive Molecules (LIP-MB), National Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology, University of Carthage, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Amine Mohamed Boukerb
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie Signaux et Microenvironnement (LMSM) EA 4312, Normandie Université – Université de Rouen, Évreux, France
| | - Leila Ben Farhat
- Laboratory of Protein Engineering and Bioactive Molecules (LIP-MB), National Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology, University of Carthage, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Arthur Zébré
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie Signaux et Microenvironnement (LMSM) EA 4312, Normandie Université – Université de Rouen, Évreux, France
| | | | - Eugen Domann
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, German Centre for Infection Research, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Mélyssa Cambronel
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie Signaux et Microenvironnement (LMSM) EA 4312, Normandie Université – Université de Rouen, Évreux, France
| | - Magalie Barreau
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie Signaux et Microenvironnement (LMSM) EA 4312, Normandie Université – Université de Rouen, Évreux, France
| | - Olivier Maillot
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie Signaux et Microenvironnement (LMSM) EA 4312, Normandie Université – Université de Rouen, Évreux, France
| | | | | | - Mohamed Nejib Marzouki
- Laboratory of Protein Engineering and Bioactive Molecules (LIP-MB), National Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology, University of Carthage, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Marc Feuilloley
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie Signaux et Microenvironnement (LMSM) EA 4312, Normandie Université – Université de Rouen, Évreux, France
| | - Ferid Abidi
- Laboratory of Protein Engineering and Bioactive Molecules (LIP-MB), National Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology, University of Carthage, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Nathalie Connil
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie Signaux et Microenvironnement (LMSM) EA 4312, Normandie Université – Université de Rouen, Évreux, France
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Chakravarty K, Gaur S. Role of Probiotics in Prophylaxis of Helicobacter pylori Infection. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2019; 20:137-145. [DOI: 10.2174/1389201020666190227203107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori, a pathogenic bacterium, has been known to be the root cause of numerous gastrointestinal disorders. In patients showing symptoms of its infection, antibiotic therapy is a likely treatment. However, the high cost of antibiotic therapy, associated antibiotic resistance along with other adverse effects has led to the use of probiotics for Helicobacter pylori treatment. In recent times, probiotics have played an essential role as complementary prophylaxis for gastrointestinal diseases, thus minimizing antibiotics’ usage and their side effects. Probiotics are live microbial agents that exude beneficial effects on their hosts when administered in the proper dosage. The growth of the organism has been reported to be inhibited to a great extent by probiotics and research employing animal models has shown a significant reduction in H. pylori-associated gastric inflammation. In human clinical trials, it has been observed that treatment with probiotics alleviated gastritis symptoms caused by H. pylori and reduced colonization of the organism. As expected, complete eradication of H. pylori infection has not yet been reported by the administration of probiotics alone. Complement treatments using probiotics have shown to benefit infected individuals by decreasing the harmful effects of H. pylori eradication treatment using antibiotics. Long-term administration of probiotics might have favourable outcomes in H. pylori infection especially by decreasing the risk of development of diseases caused by increased levels of gastric inflammation. One such chronic condition is gastric ulcer which occurs due to considerable damage to the mucosal barrier by H. pylori colonization. This review provides a brief description of the promising role of probiotics as a complementary treatment to control H. pylori infection and consequently the management of various gastrointestinal disorders among populations with a special focus on gastric ulcer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kashyapi Chakravarty
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Sector - 62, Noida, U.P, India
| | - Smriti Gaur
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Sector - 62, Noida, U.P, India
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Falah F, Vasiee A, Behbahani BA, Yazdi FT, Moradi S, Mortazavi SA, Roshanak S. Evaluation of adherence and anti-infective properties of probiotic Lactobacillus fermentum strain 4-17 against Escherichia coli causing urinary tract infection in humans. Microb Pathog 2019; 131:246-253. [PMID: 30974159 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) infection is one of the most common types of infectious diseases. Application of probiotic strains in the control of such infections represents a promising approach. In this study, Lactobacillus fermentum strain 4-17 was isolated from kashkineh, an Iranian cereal fermented food, and identified by sequencing its 16S rRNA gene using universal primers. Its probiotic features, including resistance to acid, bile tolerance, antibacterial activity, resistance to intestinal and gastric juices, and hydrophobicity were evaluated. The ability of this strain to adhere to human intestinal cells as well as the anti-adhesive effect of L. fermentum strain 4-17 against E. coli isolated from patients with urinary tract infection was investigated. L. fermentum strain 4-17 was capable of surviving at various conditions such as low pH values, bile salts exposure, and GI tract environment. It showed 43% cell hydrophobicity. The adhesion level of L. fermentum strain 4-17 to human colon adenocarcinoma Caco-2 cells was 8.5% which was also confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Furthermore, this strain showed appropriate anti-adhesive properties (including competition, inhibition and replacement properties) against human pathogenic bacteria. These data suggest that L. fermentum strain 4-17 could be examined further for its useful effects and introduced as a novel candidate probiotic to control GI infection disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fereshteh Falah
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Alireza Vasiee
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Behrooz Alizadeh Behbahani
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Technology, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Mollasani, Iran
| | - Farideh Tabatabaee Yazdi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Samira Moradi
- Bioprocess Engineering Laboratory (BPEL), Department of Food Science, Engineering & Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Ali Mortazavi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sahar Roshanak
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
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65
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Abstract
Technological developments, including massively parallel DNA sequencing, gnotobiotics, metabolomics, RNA sequencing and culturomics, have markedly propelled the field of microbiome research in recent years. These methodologies can be harnessed to improve our in-depth mechanistic understanding of basic concepts related to consumption of probiotics, including their rules of engagement with the indigenous microbiome and impacts on the human host. We have recently demonstrated that even during probiotic supplementation, resident gut bacteria in a subset of individuals resist the mucosal presence of probiotic strains, limiting their modulatory effect on the microbiome and on the host gut transcriptional landscape. Resistance is partly alleviated by antibiotics treatment, which enables probiotics to interact with the host at the gut mucosal interface, although rather than promoting reconstitution of the indigenous microbiome and of the host transcriptional profile, they inhibit these components from returning to their naïve pre-antibiotic configurations. In this commentary, we discuss our findings in the context of previous and recent works, and suggest that incorporating the state-of-the-art methods currently utilized in microbiome research into the field of probiotics may lead to improved understanding of their mechanisms of activity, as well as their efficacy and long-term safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jotham Suez
- Immunology Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Niv Zmora
- Immunology Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel,Digestive Center, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel,Internal Medicine Department, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Eran Elinav
- Immunology Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel,Cancer-Microbiome Research Division, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany,CONTACT Eran Elinav Immunology Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, 234 Herzl Street, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
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66
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Biochemical analysis of elephant foot yam (Amorphophallus paeoniifolius) lacto-pickle with probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum. ANN MICROBIOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-019-01449-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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67
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Darkoh C, Plants-Paris K, Bishoff D, DuPont HL. Clostridium difficile Modulates the Gut Microbiota by Inducing the Production of Indole, an Interkingdom Signaling and Antimicrobial Molecule. mSystems 2019; 4:e00346-18. [PMID: 30944877 PMCID: PMC6426650 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00346-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Clostridium (Clostridioides) difficile infection (CDI) is associated with dysbiosis. C. difficile has a characteristic propensity to persist and recur 1 to 4 weeks after treatment, but the mechanism is unknown. We hypothesized that C. difficile may persist by manipulating the intestinal microenvironment, thereby hampering gut microbiota reconstitution following antibiotic-mediated dysbiosis. By screening stools from CDI patients for unique markers, a metabolite identified to be indole by mass spectrometry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was identified. The average fecal indole concentration detected in CDI patients (n = 216; mean, 1,684.0 ± 84.4 µM) was significantly higher than in stools of patients with non-C. difficile diarrhea (n = 204; mean, 762.8 ± 53.8 µM). Certain intestinal bacteria, but not C. difficile, produce indole, a potent antimicrobial antioxidant. Remarkably, C. difficile induced other indole-producing gut microbes to produce increasing amounts of indole. Furthermore, a C. difficile accessory gene regulator 1 quorum sensing system mutant cannot induce indole, but complementation of the mutant strain with the wild-type gene restored its ability to induce indole production. Indole tolerance assays indicated that the amount of indole required to inhibit growth of most gut-protective bacteria was within the range detected in the CDI stools. We think that a high indole level limits the growth of beneficial indole-sensitive bacteria in the colon and alters colonization resistance and this might allow C. difficile to proliferate and persist. Together, these results reveal a unique mechanism of C. difficile persistence and provide insight into complex interactions and chemical warfare among the gut microbiota. IMPORTANCE Clostridium difficile infection is the leading cause of hospital-acquired and antibiotic-associated diarrhea worldwide. C. difficile flourishes in the colon after the diversity of the beneficial and protective gut microbiota have been altered by antibiotic therapy. C. difficile tends to persist, as does dysbiosis, encouraging recurrence a few days to weeks after treatment, and this further complicates treatment options. Here, we show that C. difficile might persist by manipulating the indigenous microbiota to produce indole, a bioactive molecule that inhibits the growth and reconstitution of the protective gut microbiota during infection. This discovery may explain a unique strategy C. difficile uses to control other bacteria in the colon and provide insight into the complex interactions and chemical warfare among the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Darkoh
- University of Texas Health Science Center, School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, Center For Infectious Diseases, Houston, Texas, USA
- Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Program, UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Kimberly Plants-Paris
- University of Texas Health Science Center, School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, Center For Infectious Diseases, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Dayna Bishoff
- University of Texas Health Science Center, School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, Center For Infectious Diseases, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Herbert L. DuPont
- University of Texas Health Science Center, School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, Center For Infectious Diseases, Houston, Texas, USA
- Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Program, UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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68
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Probiotic potential and biofilm inhibitory activity of Lactobacillus casei group strains isolated from infant feces. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
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69
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Sarin SK, Pande A, Schnabl B. Microbiome as a therapeutic target in alcohol-related liver disease. J Hepatol 2019; 70:260-272. [PMID: 30658727 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2018.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol-related liver disease is associated with significant changes in gut microbial composition. The transmissibility of ethanol-induced liver disease has been demonstrated using faecal microbiota transfer in preclinical models. This technique has also led to improved survival in patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis, suggesting that changes in the composition and function of the gut microbiota are causatively linked to alcohol-related liver disease. A major mechanism by which gut microbiota influence the development of alcohol-related liver disease is through a leaky intestinal barrier. This permits translocation of viable bacteria and microbial products to the liver, where they induce and promote inflammation, as well as contribute to hepatocyte death and the fibrotic response. In addition, gut dysbiosis is associated with changes in the metabolic function of the intestinal microbiota, bile acid composition and circulation, immune dysregulation during onset and progression of alcohol-related liver disease. Findings from preclinical and human studies will be used to demonstrate how alcohol causes intestinal pathology and contributes to alcohol-related liver disease and how the latter is self-perpetuating. Additionally, we summarise the effects of untargeted treatment approaches on the gut microbiota, such as diet, probiotics, antibiotics and faecal microbial transplantation in alcohol-related liver disease. We further discuss how targeted approaches can restore intestinal homeostasis and improve alcohol-related liver disease. These approaches are likely to add to the therapeutic options for alcohol-related liver disease independently or in conjunction with steroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiv K Sarin
- Department of Hepatology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India.
| | - Apurva Pande
- Department of Hepatology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Bernd Schnabl
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA.
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Eshrati M, Amadei F, Staffer S, Stremmel W, Tanaka M. Shear-Enhanced Dynamic Adhesion of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG on Intestinal Epithelia: Correlative Effect of Protein Expression and Interface Mechanics. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:529-537. [PMID: 30567428 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b02931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The oral uptake of probiotic microorganisms as food additives is one widely used strategy to sustain and improve the homeostasis of intestinal microbiota that protect the intestinal epithelia from attack by pathogenic bacteria. Once delivered to the ileum and colon, probiotics must adhere and form colonies on mucus that coats the surface of intestinal epithelial cells. Although an increasing amount of knowledge about the genetic and molecular level mechanisms of probiotics-mucus interactions has been accumulated, little is known about the physicochemical aspects of probiotics-mucus interactions under physiological shear in intestines. In this study, we established well-defined models of intestinal epithelial cell monolayers based on two major constituents of gut epithelia, enterocytes and goblet cells. First, the formation of a polarized cell monolayer sealed by tight junctions was monitored by transepithelial electrical resistance over time. The establishment of tight junctions and secretion of mucus proteins (mucin) was confirmed by immunofluorescence staining. In the next step, we measured the elasticity of cell monolayer surfaces by indentation using particle-assisted atomic force microscopy. The effective elastic modulus of goblet cell-like cells was 30 times smaller compared to that of enterocyte-like cells, which can be attributed to the secretion of a 3 μm thick mucin layer. As probiotics, we used Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG), which is one of the most widely used strains as food additives. To investigate the dynamic adhesion of LGG to the intestine model surface, we transferred the epithelial cell monolayer into a microfluidic chamber. A distinct difference in dynamic adhesion between two cell types was observed, which could be attributed to the difference in the mucin expression amount. Remarkably, we found that the dynamic LGG adhesion is enhanced by the increase in shear stress, showing a maximum binding efficiency at 0.3 Pa. Finally, we examined the persistence of LGG adhesion by a stepwise increase in the shear stress exerted on adherent LGG, demonstrating that LGG could withstand high shear stress even beyond that of physiological stress. The obtained results present a large potential to quantitatively understand the influence of engineered foods and probiotics on the homeostasis of microbiota on the surface of intestinal epithelia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Eshrati
- Physical Chemistry of Biosystems, Institute of Physical Chemistry , Heidelberg University , D69120 Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Federico Amadei
- Physical Chemistry of Biosystems, Institute of Physical Chemistry , Heidelberg University , D69120 Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Simone Staffer
- Internal Medicine IV , University Hospital Heidelberg , D69120 Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Wolfgang Stremmel
- Internal Medicine IV , University Hospital Heidelberg , D69120 Heidelberg , Germany
- Medical Center Baden-Baden , D76530 Baden-Baden , Germany
| | - Motomu Tanaka
- Physical Chemistry of Biosystems, Institute of Physical Chemistry , Heidelberg University , D69120 Heidelberg , Germany
- Center for Integrative Medicine and Physics, Institute for Advanced Study , Kyoto University , 606-8501 Kyoto , Japan
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71
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Yang J, Qian K, Wang C, Wu Y. Roles of Probiotic Lactobacilli Inclusion in Helping Piglets Establish Healthy Intestinal Inter-environment for Pathogen Defense. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2019; 10:243-250. [PMID: 28361445 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-017-9273-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract of pigs is densely populated with microorganisms that closely interact with the host and with ingested feed. Gut microbiota benefits the host by providing nutrients from dietary substrates and modulating the development and function of the digestive and immune systems. An optimized gastrointestinal microbiome is crucial for pigs' health, and establishment of the microbiome in piglets is especially important for growth and disease resistance. However, the microbiome in the gastrointestinal tract of piglets is immature and easily influenced by the environment. Supplementing the microbiome of piglets with probiotic bacteria such as Lactobacillus could help create an optimized microbiome by improving the abundance and number of lactobacilli and other indigenous probiotic bacteria. Dominant indigenous probiotic bacteria could improve piglets' growth and immunity through certain cascade signal transduction pathways. The piglet body provides a permissive habitat and nutrients for bacterial colonization and growth. In return, probiotic bacteria produce prebiotics such as short-chain fatty acids and bacteriocins that benefit piglets by enhancing their growth and reducing their risk of enteric infection by pathogens. A comprehensive understanding of the interactions between piglets and members of their gut microbiota will help develop new dietary interventions that can enhance piglets' growth, protect piglets from enteric diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria, and maximize host feed utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajun Yang
- The Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 40 Nongke South Road, Hefei, 230031, Anhui province, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Qian
- The Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 40 Nongke South Road, Hefei, 230031, Anhui province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chonglong Wang
- The Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 40 Nongke South Road, Hefei, 230031, Anhui province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yijing Wu
- The Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 40 Nongke South Road, Hefei, 230031, Anhui province, People's Republic of China
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72
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Davoren MJ, Liu J, Castellanos J, Rodríguez-Malavé NI, Schiestl RH. A novel probiotic, Lactobacillus johnsonii 456, resists acid and can persist in the human gut beyond the initial ingestion period. Gut Microbes 2018; 10:458-480. [PMID: 30580660 PMCID: PMC6748577 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2018.1547612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 10/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Probiotics are considered to have multiple beneficial effects on the human gastrointestinal tract, including immunomodulation, pathogen inhibition, and improved host nutrient metabolism. However, extensive characterization of these properties is needed to define suitable clinical applications for probiotic candidates. Lactobacillus johnsonii 456 (LBJ 456) was previously demonstrated to have anti-inflammatory and anti-genotoxic effects in a mouse model. Here, we characterize its resistance to gastric and bile acids as well as its ability to inhibit gut pathogens and adhere to host mucosa. While bile resistance and in vitro host attachment properties of LBJ 456 were comparable to other tested probiotics, LBJ 456 maintained higher viability at lower pH conditions compared to other tested strains. LBJ 456 also altered pathogen adhesion to LS 174T monolayers and demonstrated contact-dependent and independent inhibition of pathogen growth. Genome analyses further revealed possible genetic elements involved in host attachment and pathogen inhibition. Importantly, we show that ingestion of Lactobacillus johnsonii 456 over a one week yogurt course leads to persistent viable bacteria detectable even beyond the period of initial ingestion, unlike many other previously described probiotic species of lactic acid bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Davoren
- Molecular Toxicology Interdepartmental Program, Environmental Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jared Liu
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jocelyn Castellanos
- Molecular Toxicology Interdepartmental Program, Environmental Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Robert H. Schiestl
- Molecular Toxicology Interdepartmental Program, Environmental Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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73
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Abstract
Adhesion to intestinal mucin is one of the main in vitro tests for the study of probiotic strains. Mucins immobilized on microtiter plates and glass slides are easy and excellent methods used for the quantitative analysis of Lactobacillus adhesion. However, to maintain the performance of the quantitative analysis, these methods must be chosen appropriately according to the nature and characteristics of the strain, such as tolerance to surfactant and the ability to self-aggregate. Here we describe two methodologies used to evaluate adhesion of Lactobacillus to mucin, in addition to the isolation and purification of mucins from porcine colonic tissues.
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74
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Nath A, Molnár MA, Csighy A, Kőszegi K, Galambos I, Huszár KP, Koris A, Vatai G. Biological Activities of Lactose-Based Prebiotics and Symbiosis with Probiotics on Controlling Osteoporosis, Blood-Lipid and Glucose Levels. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 54:medicina54060098. [PMID: 30513975 PMCID: PMC6306850 DOI: 10.3390/medicina54060098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Lactose-based prebiotics are synthesized by enzymatic- or microbial- biotransformation of lactose and have unique functional values. In this comprehensive review article, the biochemical mechanisms of controlling osteoporosis, blood-lipid, and glucose levels by lactose-based prebiotics and symbiosis with probiotics are reported along with the results of clinical investigations. Interaction between lactose-based prebiotics and probiotics reduces osteoporosis by (a) transforming insoluble inorganic salts to soluble and increasing their absorption to gut wall; (b) maintaining and protecting mineral absorption surface in the intestine; (c) increasing the expression of calcium-binding proteins in the gut wall; (d) remodeling osteoclasts and osteoblasts formation; (e) releasing bone modulating factors; and (f) degrading mineral complexing phytic acid. Lactose-based prebiotics with probiotics control lipid level in the bloodstream and tissue by (a) suppressing the expressions of lipogenic- genes and enzymes; (b) oxidizing fatty acids in muscle, liver, and adipose tissue; (c) binding cholesterol with cell membrane of probiotics and subsequent assimilation by probiotics; (d) enzymatic-transformations of bile acids; and (e) converting cholesterol to coprostanol and its defecation. Symbiosis of lactose-based prebiotics with probiotics affect plasma glucose level by (a) increasing the synthesis of gut hormones plasma peptide-YY, glucagon-like peptide-1 and glucagon-like peptide-2 from entero-endocrine L-cells; (b) altering glucose assimilation and metabolism; (c) suppressing systematic inflammation; (d) reducing oxidative stress; and (e) producing amino acids. Clinical investigations show that lactose-based prebiotic galacto-oligosaccharide improves mineral absorption and reduces hyperlipidemia. Another lactose-based prebiotic, lactulose, improves mineral absorption, and reduces hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia. It is expected that this review article will be of benefit to food technologists and medical practitioners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arijit Nath
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Food Science, Szent István University, Ménesi st 44, HU-1118 Budapest, Hungary.
- Soós Ernő Water Technology Research Centre, Faculty of Engineering, University of Pannonia, Üllő út., H-3 Nagykanizsa, Hungary.
| | - Máté András Molnár
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Food Science, Szent István University, Ménesi st 44, HU-1118 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Attila Csighy
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Food Science, Szent István University, Ménesi st 44, HU-1118 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Kornélia Kőszegi
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Food Science, Szent István University, Ménesi st 44, HU-1118 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Ildikó Galambos
- Soós Ernő Water Technology Research Centre, Faculty of Engineering, University of Pannonia, Üllő út., H-3 Nagykanizsa, Hungary.
| | - Klára Pásztorné Huszár
- Department of Refrigeration and Livestock Product Technology, Faculty of Food Science, Szent István University, Ménesi st 43⁻45, HU-1118 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - András Koris
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Food Science, Szent István University, Ménesi st 44, HU-1118 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Gyula Vatai
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Food Science, Szent István University, Ménesi st 44, HU-1118 Budapest, Hungary.
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75
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Yu HS, Lee NK, Choi AJ, Choe JS, Bae CH, Paik HD. Antagonistic and antioxidant effect of probiotic Weissella cibaria JW15. Food Sci Biotechnol 2018; 28:851-855. [PMID: 31093443 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-018-0519-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the functional properties of Weissella cibaria JW15 (JW15) by investigating its antagonistic and antioxidant activities. Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) was used for comparison as a reference strain. JW15 inhibited the growth of pathogenic bacteria (Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella Typhimurium, S. Enteritidis, and Escherichia coli). Compared to LGG, JW15 showed rapid organic acid production, with the amounts of lactic and acetic acids being lower and higher, respectively. In addition, JW15 significantly inhibited intestinal epithelial adherence in the tested pathogens. JW15 exhibited antioxidant effects by scavenging radicals including DPPH, ABTS, and hydroxyl radicals, and inhibiting lipid peroxidation. JW15 exhibited significant antagonistic and antioxidant activities compared to LGG in the tested assay (p < 0.05). The results suggested that JW15 might possess a potential for amelioration of disorders induced by pathogenic bacteria or oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung-Seok Yu
- 1Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029 Republic of Korea
| | - Na-Kyoung Lee
- 1Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029 Republic of Korea
| | - Ae-Jin Choi
- 2Functional Food and Nutrition Division, Department of Agrofood Resources, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do 55365 Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Sook Choe
- 2Functional Food and Nutrition Division, Department of Agrofood Resources, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do 55365 Republic of Korea
| | - Chun Ho Bae
- Aram Co., Ltd., Gwangju, Gyeonggi-do 12735 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Dong Paik
- 1Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029 Republic of Korea
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76
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Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract (GIT) represents the largest interface between the human organism and the external environment. In the lumen and upper part of the mucus layer, this organ hosts an enormous number of microorganisms whose composition affects the functions of the epithelial barrier and the gut immune system. Consequentially, the microorganisms in the GIT influence the health status of the organism. Probiotics are living microorganisms which, in specific conditions, confer a health benefit to the host. Among others, probiotics have immunomodulatory properties that usually act directly by (a) increasing the activity of macrophages or natural killer cells, (b) modulating the secretion of immunoglobulins or cytokines, or indirectly by (c) enhancing the gut epithelial barrier, (d) altering the mucus secretion, and (e) competitive exclusion of other (pathogenic) bacteria. This review focuses on specific bacteria strains with indirect immunomodulatory properties. Particularly, we describe here the mechanisms through which specific probiotics enhance the gut epithelial barrier and modulate mucus production. Moreover, we describe the antimicrobial properties of specific bacteria strains. Recent data suggest that multiple pathologies are associated with an unbalanced gut microflora (dysbiosis). Although the cause-effect relationship between pathology and gut microflora is not yet well established, consumption of specific probiotics may represent a powerful tool to re-establish gut homeostasis and promote gut health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio La Fata
- DSM Nutritional Products Ltd., R & D Human Nutrition and Health, P.O. Box 2676, CH-4002, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Peter Weber
- DSM Nutritional Products Ltd., R & D Human Nutrition and Health, P.O. Box 2676, CH-4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - M Hasan Mohajeri
- DSM Nutritional Products Ltd., R & D Human Nutrition and Health, P.O. Box 2676, CH-4002, Basel, Switzerland
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77
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Peng M, Tabashsum Z, Patel P, Bernhardt C, Biswas D. Linoleic Acids Overproducing Lactobacillus casei Limits Growth, Survival, and Virulence of Salmonella Typhimurium and Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2663. [PMID: 30443248 PMCID: PMC6223203 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Probiotics, particularly lactic acid bacteria, are biologic agents which limit the growth, virulence, and survival/colonization of various enteric bacterial pathogens and serve as potential alternatives to antibiotics. Mechanisms that contribute to this antimicrobial effect include producing bioactive metabolites/acids, increasing nutrient and receptor-mediated competition, and modulating gut microbiome ecology. However, these functions of common probiotic strains are limited due to the finite quantity of metabolites they produce and their total number in the gut ecosystem. Conjugated linoleic acids (CLAs), critical metabolites of Lactobacillus, have multiple beneficial effects on human health including anti-carcinogenesis, anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation, and anti-pathogenicity. In this study, we aim to overexpress the myosin cross-reactive antigen gene (mcra) in Lactobacillus casei (LC) to enhance the production of CLA and investigate its effectiveness against enteric bacterial pathogens, specifically Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (ST) and enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC). By inserting mcra in L. casei, we generated LC-CLA and found the total linoleic acid production by an individual bacterial cell was raised by 21-fold. The adherence ability of LC-CLA on human epithelial cells increased significantly and LC-CLA competitively excluded both ST and EHEC in a mixed-culture condition. Furthermore, LC-CLA significantly altered the physicochemical properties, biofilm formation abilities, interactions with host cells of both ST and EHEC, and triggered anti-inflammatory activities of host cells. These findings offer insights on applying a genetically engineered probiotic to control gut intestinal infections caused by ST and EHEC and prevent foodborne enteric illness in human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengfei Peng
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, United States.,Biological Sciences Graduate Program - Molecular and Cellular Biology Concentration, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Zajeba Tabashsum
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Puja Patel
- Biological Sciences Graduate Program - Molecular and Cellular Biology Concentration, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Cassandra Bernhardt
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Debabrata Biswas
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, United States.,Biological Sciences Graduate Program - Molecular and Cellular Biology Concentration, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, United States.,Center for Food Safety and Security Systems, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, United States
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78
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Liu J, Hu D, Chen Y, Huang H, Zhang H, Zhao J, Gu Z, Chen W. Strain-specific properties of Lactobacillus plantarum for prevention of Salmonella infection. Food Funct 2018; 9:3673-3682. [PMID: 29956713 DOI: 10.1039/c8fo00365c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Salmonella is a common food-borne pathogen; since lactobacilli show great potential for protecting against Salmonella infections, they are used as dietary supplements in functional foods. The aim of this study is to investigate the strain-specific properties and the involved mechanisms of action of Lactobacillus plantarum towards prevention of Salmonella infection. Mice were pretreated with mixed strains or single strain of Lactobacillus plantarum for 10 d prior to infection with Salmonella typhimurium SL1344, and the survival rates showed that lactobacilli exhibited strain-specific properties for preventing Salmonella infection. Then, in vitro and in vivo studies were carried out to investigate the involved mechanism of the strain-specific properties. The results showed that different Lactobacillus plantarum strains had different effects on inhibiting Salmonella growth, thus preventing adhesion to and invasion of epithelial cells by pathogens and enhancing immune responses. The present study demonstrated strain-specific properties of probiotics to prevent Salmonella infection and elucidated their underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junsheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China.
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79
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Garcia-Gonzalez N, Prete R, Battista N, Corsetti A. Adhesion Properties of Food-Associated Lactobacillus plantarum Strains on Human Intestinal Epithelial Cells and Modulation of IL-8 Release. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2392. [PMID: 30349520 PMCID: PMC6186789 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Food-associated microbes can reach the gut as viable cells and interact with the human host providing potential health benefits. In this study, we evaluated the impact on cell viability and the adhesion ability of 22 Lactobacillus plantarum strains, mainly isolated from fermented foods, on a Normal-derived Colon Mucosa cell line. Furthermore, due to the presence of mucus layer on the gut epithelium, we also investigated whether the mucin could affect the microbial adhesion property. Our results demonstrated that all the strains displayed a strong ability to adhere to host cells, showing a strain-dependent behavior with preference for cell edges, that resulted not to be affected by the presence of mucin. Based on interleukin-8 release of intestinal cells induced by some Lb. plantarum strains, our data suggest a potential cross-talk with the host immune system as unconventional property of these food-associated microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Garcia-Gonzalez
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Roberta Prete
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Natalia Battista
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Aldo Corsetti
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
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80
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Personalized Gut Mucosal Colonization Resistance to Empiric Probiotics Is Associated with Unique Host and Microbiome Features. Cell 2018; 174:1388-1405.e21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 725] [Impact Index Per Article: 120.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2016] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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81
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Choi AR, Patra JK, Kim WJ, Kang SS. Antagonistic Activities and Probiotic Potential of Lactic Acid Bacteria Derived From a Plant-Based Fermented Food. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1963. [PMID: 30197633 PMCID: PMC6117381 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, antagonistic activities and probiotic potential of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) derived from a plant-based fermented food, kimchi, were demonstrated. The cell free supernatants (CFS) from Lactobacillus curvatus KCCM 43119, Leuconostoc mesenteroides KCCM 43060, Weissella cibaria KCTC 3746, and W. koreensis KCCM 41517 completely inhibited the growth of foodborne pathogenic bacteria, while neutralized CFS (pH 6.5) partially inhibited the growth. The competition, exclusion, and displacement of foodborne pathogenic bacteria by the LAB strains from adhesion to HT-29 cells were investigated. The LAB strains were able to compete with, exclude, and displace the foodborne pathogenic bacteria. However, the degree of inhibition due to the adhesion was found to be a LAB strain-dependent phenomenon. The LAB strains showed high coaggregation with foodborne pathogenic bacteria, and they also exhibited high resistance to acidic condition. Except W. cibaria KCTC 3746, all LAB strains were capable of surviving in the presence of bile salts. Furthermore, while all LAB strains were resistant to chloramphenicol, kanamycin, streptomycin, gentamicin, and erythromycin, only W. cibaria KCTC 3746 and W. koreensis KCCM 41517 displayed resistance to vancomycin. These results suggest that the LAB strains derived from kimchi exerted antagonistic activities against foodborne pathogenic bacteria with probiotic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ah-Rang Choi
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Jayanta Kumar Patra
- Research Institute of Biotechnology and Medical Converged Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Wang June Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Seok-Seong Kang
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, South Korea
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82
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V T Nair D, Kollanoor-Johny A. Effect of Propionibacterium freudenreichii on Salmonella multiplication, motility, and association with avian epithelial cells1. Poult Sci 2018; 96:1376-1386. [PMID: 27738122 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pew367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effects of a probiotic bacterium, Propionibacterium freudenreichii, on Salmonella multiplication, motility, and association to and invasion of avian epithelial cells in vitro. Two subspecies of P. freudenreichii (P. freudenreichii subsp. freudenreichii and P. freudenreichii subsp. shermanii) were tested against 3 Salmonella serotypes in poultry, namely, S. Enteritidis, S. Typhimurium, and S. Heidelberg, using co-culture-, motility, multiplication, cell association, and invasion assays. Both strains of P. freudenreichii were effective in reducing or inhibiting multiplication of all 3 Salmonella serotypes in co-culture and turkey cecal contents (P ≤ 0.05). P. freudenreichii significantly reduced Salmonella motility (P ≤ 0.05). Cell culture studies revealed that P. freudenreichii associated with the avian epithelial cells effectively and reduced S. Enteritidis, S. Heidelberg, and S. Typhimurium cell association in the range of 1.0 to 1.6 log10 CFU/mL, and invasion in the range of 1.3 to 1.5 log10 CFU/mL (P ≤ 0.05), respectively. Our current in vitro results indicate the potential of P. freudenreichii against Salmonella in poultry. Follow-up in vivo studies are underway to evaluate this possibility.
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83
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Rios-Arce ND, Collins FL, Schepper JD, Steury MD, Raehtz S, Mallin H, Schoenherr DT, Parameswaran N, McCabe LR. Epithelial Barrier Function in Gut-Bone Signaling. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1033:151-183. [PMID: 29101655 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-66653-2_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The intestinal epithelial barrier plays an essential role in maintaining host homeostasis. The barrier regulates nutrient absorption as well as prevents the invasion of pathogenic bacteria in the host. It is composed of epithelial cells, tight junctions, and a mucus layer. Several factors, such as cytokines, diet, and diseases, can affect this barrier. These factors have been shown to increase intestinal permeability, inflammation, and translocation of pathogenic bacteria. In addition, dysregulation of the epithelial barrier can result in inflammatory diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease. Our lab and others have also shown that barrier disruption can have systemic effects including bone loss. In this chapter, we will discuss the current literature to understand the link between intestinal barrier and bone. We will discuss how inflammation, aging, dysbiosis, and metabolic diseases can affect intestinal barrier-bone link. In addition, we will highlight the current suggested mechanism between intestinal barrier and bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naiomy Deliz Rios-Arce
- Comparative Medicine and Integrative Biology Program, East Lansing, MI, USA.,Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Fraser L Collins
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | | | - Michael D Steury
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Sandi Raehtz
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Heather Mallin
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Danny T Schoenherr
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Narayanan Parameswaran
- Comparative Medicine and Integrative Biology Program, East Lansing, MI, USA. .,Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
| | - Laura R McCabe
- Department of Physiology and Department of Radiology, Biomedical Imaging Research Centre, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
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84
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Nath A, Haktanirlar G, Varga Á, Molnár MA, Albert K, Galambos I, Koris A, Vatai G. Biological Activities of Lactose-Derived Prebiotics and Symbiotic with Probiotics on Gastrointestinal System. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 54:medicina54020018. [PMID: 30344249 PMCID: PMC6037253 DOI: 10.3390/medicina54020018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Lactose-derived prebiotics provide wide ranges of gastrointestinal comforts. In this review article, the probable biochemical mechanisms through which lactose-derived prebiotics offer positive gastrointestinal health are reported along with the up-to-date results of clinical investigations; this might be the first review article of its kind, to the best of our knowledge. Lactose-derived prebiotics have unique biological and functional values, and they are confirmed as ‘safe’ by the Food and Drug Administration federal agency. Medical practitioners frequently recommend them as therapeutics as a pure form or combined with dairy-based products (yoghurt, milk and infant formulas) or fruit juices. The biological activities of lactose-derived prebiotics are expressed in the presence of gut microflora, mainly probiotics (Lactobacillus spp. in the small intestine and Bifidobacterium spp. in the large intestine). Clinical investigations reveal that galacto-oligosaccharide reduces the risks of several types of diarrhea (traveler’s diarrhea, osmotic diarrhea and Clostridium difficile associated relapsing diarrhea). Lactulose and lactosucrose prevent inflammatory bowel diseases (Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis). Lactulose and lactitol reduce the risk of hepatic encephalopathy. Furthermore, lactulose, galacto-oligosaccharide and lactitol prevent constipation in individuals of all ages. It is expected that the present review article will receive great attention from medical practitioners and food technologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arijit Nath
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Food Science, Szent István University, Ménesi st 44, H-1118 Budapest, Hungary.
- Soós Ernő Water Technology Research Centre, Faculty of Engineering, University of Pannonia, Zrínyi M. u. 18, H-8800 Nagykanizsa, Hungary.
| | - Gokce Haktanirlar
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Food Science, Szent István University, Ménesi st 44, H-1118 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Áron Varga
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Food Science, Szent István University, Ménesi st 44, H-1118 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Máté András Molnár
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Food Science, Szent István University, Ménesi st 44, H-1118 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Krisztina Albert
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Food Science, Szent István University, Ménesi st 44, H-1118 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Ildikó Galambos
- Soós Ernő Water Technology Research Centre, Faculty of Engineering, University of Pannonia, Zrínyi M. u. 18, H-8800 Nagykanizsa, Hungary.
| | - András Koris
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Food Science, Szent István University, Ménesi st 44, H-1118 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Gyula Vatai
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Food Science, Szent István University, Ménesi st 44, H-1118 Budapest, Hungary.
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85
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Karimi S, Rashidian E, Birjandi M, Mahmoodnia L. Antagonistic effect of isolated probiotic bacteria from natural sources against intestinal Escherichia coli pathotypes. Electron Physician 2018; 10:6534-6539. [PMID: 29765579 PMCID: PMC5942575 DOI: 10.19082/6534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Probiotics are live microorganisms which are beneficial bacteria that are normal flora of the digestive system which, in determined amounts, show beneficial effects on host health, and can balance gastrointestinal microflora. Digestive tract diseases such as diarrhea are one of the major causes of child mortality in developing countries. Different pathotypes of Escherichia coli cause diarrhea that affects children, therefore reduction of these colonization strains in humans or animals can decline gastrointestinal disorders such as diarrhea. Objective The aim of this study was to determine the antimicrobial effect of probiotic bacterial strains isolated from different natural sources against 4 pathotypes of pathogenic E. coli using disk and well diffusion methods. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2013 to July 2014 on Martyr Chamran University in Ahwaz city. A total of 13 probiotic colonies isolated from 20 samples of traditional dairy products including yogurt, cheese and milk, and 20 samples of vegetables including carrots and cabbages (red and white), of which 5 isolates were selected to determine the antimicrobial effect against 4 Escherichia coli pathotypes, randomly. The antimicrobial effect was evaluated using two methods: disk diffusion and well diffusion tests and measuring growth inhibition zones of probiotics against 4 pathotypes of pathogenic E. coli. Results Obtained results showed growth inhibition effects of all 5 probiotic strains against Escherichia coli pathotypes in both used methods. But in comparison Lactobacillus plantarum had higher growth inhibitory effects in both methods. Conclusion results of this study demonstrated high antimicrobial effect of probiotic bacteria against pathogenic Escherichia coli strains. It indicated a positive and beneficial role of probiotics in human health and prevention of illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Karimi
- M.Sc. of Microbiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ehsan Rashidian
- Assistant Professor of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lorestan University, Iran
| | - Mehdi Birjandi
- Assistant Professor of Medical Epidemiology, Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, School of Health and Nutrition, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Leila Mahmoodnia
- Nephrology Fellowship, Department of Internal Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
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86
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Shao C, Gaines S, Alverdy JC. Influence of the intestinal microbiome on anastomotic healing in the colon and rectum. SEMINARS IN COLON AND RECTAL SURGERY 2018. [DOI: 10.1053/j.scrs.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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87
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Kohli N, Crisp Z, Riordan R, Li M, Alaniz RC, Jayaraman A. The microbiota metabolite indole inhibits Salmonella virulence: Involvement of the PhoPQ two-component system. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0190613. [PMID: 29342189 PMCID: PMC5771565 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The microbial community present in the gastrointestinal tract is an important component of the host defense against pathogen infections. We previously demonstrated that indole, a microbial metabolite of tryptophan, reduces enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 attachment to intestinal epithelial cells and biofilm formation, suggesting that indole may be an effector/attenuator of colonization for a number of enteric pathogens. Here, we report that indole attenuates Salmonella Typhimurium (Salmonella) virulence and invasion as well as increases resistance to colonization in host cells. Indole-exposed Salmonella colonized mice less effectively compared to solvent-treated controls, as evident by competitive index values less than 1 in multiple organs. Indole-exposed Salmonella demonstrated 160-fold less invasion of HeLa epithelial cells and 2-fold less invasion of J774A.1 macrophages compared to solvent-treated controls. However, indole did not affect Salmonella intracellular survival in J774A.1 macrophages suggesting that indole primarily affects Salmonella invasion. The decrease in invasion was corroborated by a decrease in expression of multiple Salmonella Pathogenicity Island-1 (SPI-1) genes. We also identified that the effect of indole was mediated by both PhoPQ-dependent and independent mechanisms. Indole also synergistically enhanced the inhibitory effect of a short chain fatty acid cocktail on SPI-1 gene expression. Lastly, indole-treated HeLa cells were 70% more resistant to Salmonella invasion suggesting that indole also increases resistance of epithelial cells to colonization. Our results demonstrate that indole is an important microbiota metabolite that has direct anti-infective effects on Salmonella and host cells, revealing novel mechanisms of pathogen colonization resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandita Kohli
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Zeni Crisp
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Rebekah Riordan
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Michael Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Robert C Alaniz
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Arul Jayaraman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America.,Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, Texas, United States of America
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88
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Ozaki K, Maruo T, Kosaka H, Mori M, Mori H, Yamori Y, Toda T. The effects of fermented milk containing Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris FC on defaecation in healthy young Japanese women: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2018; 69:762-769. [DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2017.1417977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kaoru Ozaki
- Research & Development Department, Fujicco Co., Ltd, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Toshinari Maruo
- Research & Development Department, Fujicco Co., Ltd, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Hideki Kosaka
- Research & Development Department, Fujicco Co., Ltd, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Mari Mori
- Institute for World Health Development, Mukogawa Women’s University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Hideki Mori
- Institute for World Health Development, Mukogawa Women’s University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Yukio Yamori
- Institute for World Health Development, Mukogawa Women’s University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Toshiya Toda
- Research & Development Department, Fujicco Co., Ltd, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
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89
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90
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Peng Z, Vogel RF, Ehrmann MA, Xiong T. Identification and characterization of adhesion proteins in lactobacilli targeting actin as receptor. Mol Cell Probes 2017; 37:60-63. [PMID: 28823562 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Actin as the main constitution of cytoskeleton in host cells plays an important role in mediating bacterial colonization. To identify the actin-binding proteins in Lactobacillus (L.) paracasei, L. plantarum, and L. brevis, actin immobilized to 24-well plate was used to probe adhesion proteins. Five adhesion proteins were identified and characterized by electrophoresis and LC-MS/MS: pyruvate kinase (PK), glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (PGI), phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK), chaperonin GroEL, and EF-Tu, all of which could display on the cell surface, indicating their possible role in mediating bacterial adhesion to host. This is in accordance with previous studies, which reported that these five proteins participated in and promoted the adhesion of pathogen or lactic acid bacteria to host. Moreover, PGK-actin binding domain analysis reveals that lysine (K) at amino acid position 127 in PGK might play a key role in mediating bacterial attachment to actin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Peng
- School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, China; Lehrstuhl für Technische Mikrobiologie, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany; State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, China
| | - Rudi F Vogel
- Lehrstuhl für Technische Mikrobiologie, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany.
| | - Matthias A Ehrmann
- Lehrstuhl für Technische Mikrobiologie, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Tao Xiong
- School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, China; State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, China
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91
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Yadav AK, Tyagi A, Kumar A, Panwar S, Grover S, Saklani AC, Hemalatha R, Batish VK. Adhesion of Lactobacilli and their anti-infectivity potential. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 57:2042-2056. [PMID: 25879917 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2014.918533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The probiotic potential of lactic acid bacteria primarily point toward colonizing ability of Lactobacilli as the most important attribute for endowing all the known beneficial effects in a host. Lactobacillus species exert health-promoting function in the gastrointestinal tract through various mechanisms such as pathogen exclusion, maintenance of microbial balance, immunomodulation, and other crucial functions. It has been seen that many surface layer proteins are involved in host adhesion, and play significant role in the modification of some signaling pathways within the host cells. Interaction between different bacterial cell surface proteins and host receptor has been imperative for a better understanding of the mechanism through which Lactobacilli exert their health-promoting functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Kumar Yadav
- a Department of Microbiology , National Institute of Nutrition , Hyderabad , India.,b Centre for Molecular Biology, Central University of Jammu , Samba , Jammu & Kashmir , India
| | - Ashish Tyagi
- c Molecular Biology Unit, Dairy Microbiology Division, National Dairy Research Institute , Karnal , Haryana , India
| | - Ashwani Kumar
- d Department of Biotechnology , Seth Jai Parkash Mukand Lal Institute of Engineering and Technology , Radaur , Yamuna Nagar , Haryana , India.,e Department of Nutrition Biology , Central University of Haryana , Mahendergarh , Haryana , India
| | - Surbhi Panwar
- d Department of Biotechnology , Seth Jai Parkash Mukand Lal Institute of Engineering and Technology , Radaur , Yamuna Nagar , Haryana , India
| | - Sunita Grover
- c Molecular Biology Unit, Dairy Microbiology Division, National Dairy Research Institute , Karnal , Haryana , India
| | | | - Rajkumar Hemalatha
- a Department of Microbiology , National Institute of Nutrition , Hyderabad , India
| | - Virender Kumar Batish
- c Molecular Biology Unit, Dairy Microbiology Division, National Dairy Research Institute , Karnal , Haryana , India
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92
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Iglesias M, Viñas I, Colás-Medà P, Collazo C, Serrano J, Abadias M. Adhesion and invasion of Listeria monocytogenes and interaction with Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG after habituation on fresh-cut pear. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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93
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Tahoun A, Masutani H, El-Sharkawy H, Gillespie T, Honda RP, Kuwata K, Inagaki M, Yabe T, Nomura I, Suzuki T. Capsular polysaccharide inhibits adhesion of Bifidobacterium longum 105-A to enterocyte-like Caco-2 cells and phagocytosis by macrophages. Gut Pathog 2017; 9:27. [PMID: 28469711 PMCID: PMC5412050 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-017-0177-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Bifidobacterium longum 105-A produces markedly high amounts of capsular polysaccharides (CPS) and exopolysaccharides (EPS) that should play distinct roles in bacterial–host interactions. To identify the biological function of B. longum 105-A CPS/EPS, we carried out an informatics survey of the genome and identified the EPS-encoding genetic locus of B. longum 105-A that is responsible for the production of CPS/EPS. The role of CPS/EPS in the adaptation to gut tract environment and bacteria-gut cell interactions was investigated using the ΔcpsD mutant. Results A putative B. longum 105-A CPS/EPS gene cluster was shown to consist of 24 putative genes encoding a priming glycosyltransferase (cpsD), 7 glycosyltransferases, 4 CPS/EPS synthesis machinery proteins, and 3 dTDP-L-rhamnose synthesis enzymes. These enzymes should form a complex system that is involved in the biogenesis of CPS and/or EPS. To confirm this, we constructed a knockout mutant (ΔcpsD) by a double cross-over homologous recombination. Compared to wild-type, the ∆cpsD mutant showed a similar growth rate. However, it showed quicker sedimentation and formation of cell clusters in liquid culture. EPS was secreted by the ∆cpsD mutant, but had altered monosaccharide composition and molecular weight. Comparison of the morphology of B. longum 105-A wild-type and ∆cpsD by negative staining in light and electron microscopy revealed that the formation of fimbriae is drastically enhanced in the ∆cpsD mutant while the B. longum 105-A wild-type was coated by a thick capsule. The fimbriae expression in the ∆cpsD was closely associated with the disappearance of the CPS layer. The wild-type showed low pH tolerance, adaptation, and bile salt tolerance, but the ∆cpsD mutant had lost this survivability in gastric and duodenal environments. The ∆cpsD mutant was extensively able to bind to the human colon carcinoma Caco-2 cell line and was phagocytosed by murine macrophage RAW 264.7, whereas the wild-type did not bind to epithelial cells and totally resisted internalization by macrophages. Conclusions Our results suggest that CPS/EPS production and fimbriae formation are negatively correlated and play key roles in the survival, attachment, and colonization of B. longum 105-A in the gut. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13099-017-0177-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Tahoun
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193 Japan.,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafr El-Sheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, 33516 Egypt
| | - Hisayoshi Masutani
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193 Japan
| | - Hanem El-Sharkawy
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafr El-Sheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, 33516 Egypt.,Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193 Japan
| | - Trudi Gillespie
- CALM_live Imaging Facility, Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, 47 EH16 4TJ UK
| | - Ryo P Honda
- Department of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193 Japan
| | - Kazuo Kuwata
- United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193 Japan.,Department of Gene and Development, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193 Japan.,Center for Highly Advanced Integration of Nano and Life Sciences, Gifu University (G-CHAIN), Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193 Japan
| | - Mizuho Inagaki
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193 Japan.,United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193 Japan
| | - Tomio Yabe
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193 Japan.,Center for Highly Advanced Integration of Nano and Life Sciences, Gifu University (G-CHAIN), Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193 Japan.,United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193 Japan
| | - Izumi Nomura
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193 Japan
| | - Tohru Suzuki
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193 Japan.,United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193 Japan
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94
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Wang B, Chen J, Wang S, Zhao X, Lu G, Tang X. Lactobacillus plantarum L9 but not Lactobacillus acidophilus LA reduces tumour necrosis factor induced bacterial translocation in Caco-2 cells. Benef Microbes 2017; 8:497-505. [PMID: 28441885 DOI: 10.3920/bm2016.0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Translocation of bacteria across the intestinal barrier is important in the pathogenesis of systemic sepsis and multiple organ dysfunction syndromes. Inflammatory cytokines increase paracellular permeability that allows increased luminal bacteria to translocate across mucosal epithelium and further deteriorate the gut barrier. In order to reduce this risk, the prophylactic use of probiotics has been recently addressed. In this paper, we investigate the protective role toward tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α induced non-pathogenic Escherichia coli translocation across Caco-2 monolayers of Lactobacillus strains. According to our experimental data, Lactobacillus plantarum L9 and Lactobacillus acidophilus LA have good capacities to adhere to Caco-2 cells. Addition of L. plantarum L9 and L. acidophilus LA to the enterocyte monolayer surface result in significant inhibition of E. coli adhesion and cell internalisation. However, L. plantarum L9 and L. acidophilus LA did not inhibit the growth of the non-pathogenic E. coli B5 after 24 h incubation. Exposure to TNF-α for 6 h caused a dramatic increase in E. coli B5 translocation across Caco-2 cells, which was uncoupled from increases in paracellular permeability. Pretreatment with L. plantarum L9 prevent TNF-α induced transcellular bacterial translocation and IL-8 production in Caco-2 cells. L. plantarum L9 also did not affect the integrity of the monolayers, as indicated by lactate dehydrogenase release, horseradish peroxidase permeability, and transepithelial electrical resistance. L. plantarum L9 showed the potential to protect enterocytes from an acute inflammatory response and therefore could be good potential prophylactic agents in counteracting bacterial translocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Wang
- 1 Jiangsu Academy of Science and Technology for Inspection and Quarantine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210001, China P.R.,2 Department of Travel Health, Nanjing Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211106, China P.R
| | - J Chen
- 3 Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210002, China P.R
| | - S Wang
- 2 Department of Travel Health, Nanjing Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211106, China P.R
| | - X Zhao
- 2 Department of Travel Health, Nanjing Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211106, China P.R
| | - G Lu
- 2 Department of Travel Health, Nanjing Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211106, China P.R
| | - X Tang
- 2 Department of Travel Health, Nanjing Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211106, China P.R
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95
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Mearin F, Ciriza C, Mínguez M, Rey E, Mascort JJ, Peña E, Cañones P, Júdez J. Clinical Practice Guideline: Irritable bowel syndrome with constipation and functional constipation in the adult. REVISTA ESPANOLA DE ENFERMEDADES DIGESTIVAS 2017; 108:332-63. [PMID: 27230827 DOI: 10.17235/reed.2016.4389/2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In this Clinical Practice Guideline we discuss the diagnostic and therapeutic approach of adult patients with constipation and abdominal complaints at the confluence of the irritable bowel syndrome spectrum and functional constipation. Both conditions are included among the functional bowel disorders, and have a significant personal, healthcare, and social impact, affecting the quality of life of the patients who suffer from them. The first one is the irritable bowel syndrome subtype, where constipation represents the predominant complaint, in association with recurrent abdominal pain, bloating, and abdominal distension. Constipation is characterized by difficulties with or low frequency of bowel movements, often accompanied by straining during defecation or a feeling of incomplete evacuation. Most cases have no underlying medical cause, and are therefore considered as a functional bowel disorder. There are many clinical and pathophysiological similarities between both disorders, and both respond similarly to commonly used drugs, their primary difference being the presence or absence of pain, albeit not in an "all or nothing" manner. Severity depends not only upon bowel symptom intensity but also upon other biopsychosocial factors (association of gastrointestinal and extraintestinal symptoms, grade of involvement, and perception and behavior variants). Functional bowel disorders are diagnosed using the Rome criteria. This Clinical Practice Guideline has been made consistent with the Rome IV criteria, which were published late in May 2016, and discuss alarm criteria, diagnostic tests, and referral criteria between Primary Care and gastroenterology settings. Furthermore, all the available treatment options (exercise, fluid ingestion, diet with soluble fiber-rich foods, fiber supplementation, other dietary components, osmotic or stimulating laxatives, probiotics, antibiotics, spasmolytics, peppermint essence, prucalopride, linaclotide, lubiprostone, biofeedback, antidepressants, psychological therapy, acupuncture, enemas, sacral root neurostimulation, surgery) are discussed, and practical recommendations are made regarding each of them.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Constanza Ciriza
- Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Doce de Octubre, España
| | | | - Enrique Rey
- Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, España
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96
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Mearin F, Ciriza C, Mínguez M, Rey E, Mascort JJ, Peña E, Cañones P, Júdez J. [Irritable bowel syndrome with constipation and functional constipation in adults: Treatment (Part 2 of 2)]. Aten Primaria 2017; 49:177-194. [PMID: 28238460 PMCID: PMC6875999 DOI: 10.1016/j.aprim.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In this Clinical practice guide we examine the diagnostic and therapeutic management of adult patients with constipation and abdominal discomfort, at the confluence of the spectrum of irritable bowel syndrome and functional constipation. Both fall within the framework of functional intestinal disorders and have major personal, health and social impact, altering the quality of life of the patients affected. The former is a subtype of irritable bowel syndrome in which constipation and altered bowel habit predominate, often along with recurring abdominal pain, bloating and abdominal distension. Constipation is characterised by infrequent or hard-to-pass bowel movements, often accompanied by straining during defecation or the sensation of incomplete evacuation. There is no underlying organic cause in the majority of cases; it being considered a functional bowel disorder. There are many clinical and pathophysiological similarities between the two conditions, the constipation responds in a similar way to commonly used drugs, the fundamental difference being the presence or absence of pain, but not in an "all or nothing" way. The severity of these disorders depends not only on the intensity of the intestinal symptoms but also on other biopsychosocial factors: association of gastrointestinal and extraintestinal symptoms, degree of involvement, forms of perception and behaviour. Functional bowel disorders are diagnosed using the Rome criteria. This Clinical practice guide adapts to the Rome IV criteria published at the end of May 2016. The first part (96, 97, 98) examined the conceptual and pathophysiological aspects, alarm criteria, diagnostic test and referral criteria between Primary Care and Gastroenterology. This second part reviews all the available treatment alternatives (exercise, fluid ingestion, diet with soluble fibre-rich foods, fibre supplements, other dietary components, osmotic or stimulating laxatives, probiotics, antibiotics, spasmolytics, peppermint essence, prucalopride, linaclotide, lubiprostone, biofeedback, antdepressants, psychological treatment, acupuncture, enemas, sacral root neurostimulation and surgery), and practical recommendations are made for each.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Mearin
- Coordinación de la GPC, Comité Roma de Trastornos Funcionales Intestinales, Asociación Española de Gastroenterología (AEG), Centro Médico Teknon, Barcelona, España
| | - C Ciriza
- Grupo de Trastornos Funcionales, Sociedad Española de Patología Digestiva (SEPD), Hospital Universitario Doce de Octubre, Madrid, España
| | - M Mínguez
- AEG y SEPD, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, España
| | - E Rey
- SEPD, Hospital Clínico Universitario San Carlos, Madrid, España
| | - J J Mascort
- Secretaría Científica, Sociedad Española de Medicina de Familia y Comunitaria (semFYC), España.
| | - E Peña
- Coordinación de Digestivo, Sociedad Española de Médicos de Atención Primaria (SEMERGEN), España
| | - P Cañones
- Coordinación de Digestivo, Sociedad Española de Médicos Generales y de Familia (SEMG), España
| | - J Júdez
- Departamento de Gestión del Conocimiento, SEPD, España
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97
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Mearin F, Ciriza C, Mínguez M, Rey E, Mascort J, Peña E, Cañones P, Júdez J. Guía de práctica clínica del síndrome del intestino irritable con estreñimiento y estreñimiento funcional en adultos: tratamiento. (Parte 2 de 2). Semergen 2017; 43:123-140. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semerg.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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98
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Surendran Nair M, Amalaradjou MA, Venkitanarayanan K. Antivirulence Properties of Probiotics in Combating Microbial Pathogenesis. ADVANCES IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2017; 98:1-29. [PMID: 28189153 DOI: 10.1016/bs.aambs.2016.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Probiotics are nonpathogenic microorganisms that confer a health benefit on the host when administered in adequate amounts. Ample evidence is documented to support the potential application of probiotics for the prevention and treatment of infections. Health benefits of probiotics include prevention of diarrhea, including antibiotic-associated diarrhea and traveler's diarrhea, atopic eczema, dental carries, colorectal cancers, and treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. The cumulative body of scientific evidence that demonstrates the beneficial effects of probiotics on health and disease prevention has made probiotics increasingly important as a part of human nutrition and led to a surge in the demand for probiotics in clinical applications and as functional foods. The ability of probiotics to promote health is attributed to the various beneficial effects exerted by these microorganisms on the host. These include lactose metabolism and food digestion, production of antimicrobial peptides and control of enteric infections, anticarcinogenic properties, immunologic enhancement, enhancement of short-chain fatty acid production, antiatherogenic and cholesterol-lowering attributes, regulatory role in allergy, protection against vaginal or urinary tract infections, increased nutritional value, maintenance of epithelial integrity and barrier, stimulation of repair mechanism in cells, and maintenance and reestablishment of well-balanced indigenous intestinal and respiratory microbial communities. Most of these attributes primarily focus on the effect of probiotic supplementation on the host. Hence, in most cases, it can be concluded that the ability of a probiotic to protect the host from infection is an indirect result of promoting overall health and well-being. However, probiotics also exert a direct effect on invading microorganisms. The direct modes of action resulting in the elimination of pathogens include inhibition of pathogen replication by producing antimicrobial substances like bacteriocins, competition for limiting resources in the host, antitoxin effect, inhibition of virulence, antiadhesive and antiinvasive effects, and competitive exclusion by competition for binding sites or stimulation of epithelial barrier function. Although much has been documented about the ability of probiotics to promote host health, there is limited discussion on the above mentioned effects of probiotics on pathogens. Being in an era of antibiotic resistance, a better understanding of this complex probiotic-pathogen interaction is critical for development of effective strategies to control infections. Therefore, this chapter will focus on the ability of probiotics to directly modulate the infectious nature of pathogens and the underlying mechanisms that mediate these effects.
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99
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Gueimonde
- Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, and Functional Foods Forum, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Arthur C. Ouwehand
- Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, and Functional Foods Forum, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Seppo Salminen
- Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, and Functional Foods Forum, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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100
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Bluemel S, Williams B, Knight R, Schnabl B. Precision medicine in alcoholic and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease via modulating the gut microbiota. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2016; 311:G1018-G1036. [PMID: 27686615 PMCID: PMC5206291 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00245.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) represent a major health burden in industrialized countries. Although alcohol abuse and nutrition play a central role in disease pathogenesis, preclinical models support a contribution of the gut microbiota to ALD and NAFLD. This review describes changes in the intestinal microbiota compositions related to ALD and NAFLD. Findings from in vitro, animal, and human studies are used to explain how intestinal pathology contributes to disease progression. This review summarizes the effects of untargeted microbiome modifications using antibiotics and probiotics on liver disease in animals and humans. While both affect humoral inflammation, regression of advanced liver disease or mortality has not been demonstrated. This review further describes products secreted by Lactobacillus- and microbiota-derived metabolites, such as fatty acids and antioxidants, that could be used for precision medicine in the treatment of liver disease. A better understanding of host-microbial interactions is allowing discovery of novel therapeutic targets in the gut microbiota, enabling new treatment options that restore the intestinal ecosystem precisely and influence liver disease. The modulation options of the gut microbiota and precision medicine employing the gut microbiota presented in this review have excellent prospects to improve treatment of liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sena Bluemel
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Brandon Williams
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Rob Knight
- Departments of Pediatrics and Computer Science and Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California; and
| | - Bernd Schnabl
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California;
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California
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