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Kalinowska K, Chamas S, Unkel K, Demidov D, Lermontova I, Dresselhaus T, Kumlehn J, Dunemann F, Houben A. State-of-the-art and novel developments of in vivo haploid technologies. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2019; 132:593-605. [PMID: 30569366 PMCID: PMC6439148 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-018-3261-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The ability to generate (doubled) haploid plants significantly accelerates the crop breeding process. Haploids have been induced mainly through the generation of plants from cultivated gametophic (haploid) cells and tissues, i.e., in vitro haploid technologies, or through the selective loss of a parental chromosome set upon inter- or intraspecific hybridization. Here, we focus our review on the mechanisms responsible for the in vivo formation of haploids in the context of inter- and intraspecific hybridization. The application of a modified CENH3 for uniparental genome elimination, the IG1 system used for paternal as well as the BBM-like and the patatin-like phospholipase essential for maternal haploidy induction are discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Kalinowska
- Biochemie-Zentrum Regensburg, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sindy Chamas
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) Gatersleben, Corrensstraße 3, 06466, Stadt Seeland, Germany
| | - Katharina Unkel
- Institute for Breeding Research on Horticultural Crops, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Julius Kühn-Institute (JKI), Erwin-Baur-Str. 27, 06484, Quedlinburg, Germany
| | - Dmitri Demidov
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) Gatersleben, Corrensstraße 3, 06466, Stadt Seeland, Germany
| | - Inna Lermontova
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) Gatersleben, Corrensstraße 3, 06466, Stadt Seeland, Germany
| | - Thomas Dresselhaus
- Biochemie-Zentrum Regensburg, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Jochen Kumlehn
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) Gatersleben, Corrensstraße 3, 06466, Stadt Seeland, Germany
| | - Frank Dunemann
- Institute for Breeding Research on Horticultural Crops, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Julius Kühn-Institute (JKI), Erwin-Baur-Str. 27, 06484, Quedlinburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Houben
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) Gatersleben, Corrensstraße 3, 06466, Stadt Seeland, Germany.
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52
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León-Martínez G, Vielle-Calzada JP. Apomixis in flowering plants: Developmental and evolutionary considerations. Curr Top Dev Biol 2019; 131:565-604. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2018.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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53
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Wang S, Jin W, Wang K. Centromere histone H3- and phospholipase-mediated haploid induction in plants. PLANT METHODS 2019; 15:42. [PMID: 31057661 PMCID: PMC6485145 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-019-0429-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Simple and consistent production of haploid is always an appealing pursuit for both crop breeders and researchers. Although diverse strategies have been developed to produce haploids over the past decades, most of them are applicable in only a limited number of plant species. In 2010, Ravi and Chan reported that haploid Arabidopsis thaliana plants can be efficiently induced through the introduction of a single genetic alteration in centromere histone H3 (CENH3). Subsequent studies demonstrated that haploids can be efficiently induced either through genetic engineering of CENH3 N-terminal tail or histone fold domain or by replacing CENH3 with an ortholog. The mutation of a pollen-specific phospholipase gene, MATRILINEAL (MTL) has been revealed to trigger the haploid induction (HI) in maize, which present another promising HI approach by the editing of MTL in plant. Here, we review the progress of the CENH3-medialed HI and propose a revised centromere-size model by suggesting a competitive loading process between wild-type and mutant CENH3 during HI. This model can explain both the findings of HI failure when wild-type and mutant CENH3 genes are coexpressed and the alien centromere loading of CENH3 in stable hybrids. In addition, we review the current understanding of MTL-mediated HI in plant. The conservation of CENH3 and MTL in plants indicates wide potential application for HI. We discuss the utility and potential of these two methods in crops by comparing their mechanisms and applications to date in plants. This review will promote the study and application of both CENH3- and MTL-mediated haploid induction in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Wang
- Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 Fujian China
| | - Weiwei Jin
- College of Agriculture, China Agricultural University, No. 2, Yuan Ming Yuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Kai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 Fujian China
- National Engineering Research Center of Sugarcane, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 China
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 China
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54
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Bolaños-Villegas P, Argüello-Miranda O. Meiosis Research in Orphan and Non-orphan Tropical Crops. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:74. [PMID: 30891046 PMCID: PMC6411703 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Plant breeding is directly linked to the development of crops that can effectively adapt to challenging conditions such as soil nutrient depletion, water pollution, drought, and anthropogenic climate change. These conditions are extremely relevant in developing countries already burdened with population growth and unchecked urban expansion, especially in the tropical global southern hemisphere. Engineering new crops thus has potential to enhance food security, prevent hunger, and spur sustainable agricultural growth. A major tool for the improvement of plant varieties in this context could be the manipulation of homologous recombination and genome haploidization during meiosis. The isolation or the design of mutations in key meiotic genes may facilitate DNA recombination and transmission of important genes quickly and efficiently. Genome haploidization through centromeric histone mutants could be an option to create new crosses rapidly. This review covers technical approaches to engineer key meiotic genes in tropical crops as a blueprint for future work and examples of tropical crops in which such strategies could be applied are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Bolaños-Villegas
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, Fabio Baudrit Agricultural Research Station, University of Costa Rica, Alajuela, Costa Rica
- *Correspondence: Pablo Bolaños-Villegas,
| | - Orlando Argüello-Miranda
- Department of Cell Biology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
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55
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Lipikhina YA, Evtushenko EV, Lyusikov OM, Gordei IS, Gordei IA, Vershinin AV. Dynamics of the Centromeric Histone CENH3 Structure in Rye-Wheat Amphidiploids (Secalotriticum). BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:2097845. [PMID: 30598989 PMCID: PMC6287162 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2097845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The centromeres perform integral control of the cell division process and proper distribution of chromosomes into daughter cells. The correct course of this process is often disrupted in case of remote hybridization, which is a stress factor. The combination of parental genomes of different species in a hybrid cell leads to a "genomic shock" followed by loss of genes, changes in gene expression, deletions, inversions, and translocations of chromosome regions. The created rye-wheat allopolyploid hybrids, which were collectively called secalotriticum, represent a new interesting model for studying the effect of remote hybridization on the centromere and its components. The main feature of an active centromere is the presence of a specific histone H3 modification in the centromeric nucleosomes, which is referred to as CENH3 in plants. In this paper the results of cytogenetic analysis of the secalotriticum hybrid karyotypes and the comparison of the CENH3 N-terminal domain structure of parent and hybrid forms are presented. It is shown that the karyotypes of the created secalotriticum forms are stable balanced hexaploids not containing minichromosomes with deleted arms, in full or in part. A high level of homology between rye and wheat enables to express both parental forms of CENH3 gene in the hybrid genomes of secalotriticum cultivars. The CENH3 structure in hybrids in each crossing combination has some specific features. The percentage of polymorphisms at several amino acid positions is much higher in one of the secalotriticum hybrids, STr VD, than in parental forms, whereas the other hybrid, STr VM, inherits a high level of amino acid substitutions at the position 25 from the maternal parent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia A. Lipikhina
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Elena V. Evtushenko
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Oleg M. Lyusikov
- Institute of Genetics and Cytology, NAS of Belarus, Minsk 220072, Belarus
| | - Igor S. Gordei
- Institute of Genetics and Cytology, NAS of Belarus, Minsk 220072, Belarus
| | - Ivan A. Gordei
- Institute of Genetics and Cytology, NAS of Belarus, Minsk 220072, Belarus
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56
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Wang N, Dawe RK. Centromere Size and Its Relationship to Haploid Formation in Plants. MOLECULAR PLANT 2018; 11:398-406. [PMID: 29277426 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2017.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Wide species crosses often result in uniparental genome elimination and visible failures in centromere function. Crosses involving lines with mutated forms of the CENH3 histone variant that organizes the centromere/kinetochore interface have been shown to have similar effects, inducing haploids at high frequencies. Here, we propose a simple centromere size model that endeavors to explain both observations. It is based on the idea of a quantitative centromere architecture where each centromere in an individual is the same size, and the average size is dictated by a natural equilibrium between bound and unbound CENH3 (and its chaperones or binding proteins). While centromere size is determined by the cellular milieu, centromere positions are heritable and defined by the interactions of a small set of proteins that bind to both DNA and CENH3. Lines with defective or mutated CENH3 have a lower loading capacity and support smaller centromeres. In cases where a line with small or defective centromeres is crossed to a line with larger or normal centromeres, the smaller/defective centromeres are selectively degraded or not maintained, resulting in chromosome loss from the small-centromere parent. The model is testable and generalizable, and helps to explain the counterintuitive observation that inducer lines do not induce haploids when crossed to themselves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Wang
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - R Kelly Dawe
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
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57
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Abstract
Chromothripsis, or chromosome shattering, occurs after chromosomes missegregate, are pulverized and subsequently repaired erroneously, leading to highly complex structural rearrangements. In plants, chromothripsis has been observed as a result of mitotic malfunction connected with the incomplete loss of haploid inducer chromosomes during uniparental genome elimination. Uniparental genome elimination, a process that results in haploid induction, is a phenomenon that typically results in the loss of an entire parental chromosome set in early embryos, resulting in haploid plants. In Arabidopsis thaliana, genome elimination can be achieved via the manipulation of the centromere-specific histone H3 variant, CENH3. Genomic characterization of F1 progeny resulting from CENH3-mediated genome elimination crosses in Arabidopsis revealed haploids (~39%), diploids (~25%), and aneuploids (~37%). Within the aneuploid class, ~11% show evidence for chromothripsis. Here, we present a protocol to identify Arabidopsis aneuploids that have inherited chromothriptic chromosomes during genome elimination crosses and describe in detail how to perform in silico reconstructions for individuals with chromothripsis using the somatic mutation finder (SMuFin) tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle M Henry
- Genome Center & Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Luca Comai
- Genome Center & Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
| | - Ek Han Tan
- School of Biology and Ecology, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA.
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58
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Some past developments and open questions in understanding the biology of nucleus. THE NUCLEUS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s13237-017-0217-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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59
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Ren J, Wu P, Trampe B, Tian X, Lübberstedt T, Chen S. Novel technologies in doubled haploid line development. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2017; 15:1361-1370. [PMID: 28796421 PMCID: PMC5633766 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
haploid inducer line can be transferred (DH) technology can not only shorten the breeding process but also increase genetic gain. Haploid induction and subsequent genome doubling are the two main steps required for DH technology. Haploids have been generated through the culture of immature male and female gametophytes, and through inter- and intraspecific via chromosome elimination. Here, we focus on haploidization via chromosome elimination, especially the recent advances in centromere-mediated haploidization. Once haploids have been induced, genome doubling is needed to produce DH lines. This study has proposed a new strategy to improve haploid genome doubling by combing haploids and minichromosome technology. With the progress in haploid induction and genome doubling methods, DH technology can facilitate reverse breeding, cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) line production, gene stacking and a variety of other genetic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaojiao Ren
- National Maize Improvement Center of ChinaChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
- Department of AgronomyIowa State UniversityAmesIAUSA
| | - Penghao Wu
- College of AgronomyXinjiang Agriculture UniversityUrumqiChina
| | | | - Xiaolong Tian
- National Maize Improvement Center of ChinaChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | | | - Shaojiang Chen
- National Maize Improvement Center of ChinaChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
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60
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61
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Comai L, Maheshwari S, Marimuthu MPA. Plant centromeres. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 36:158-167. [PMID: 28411416 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Plant centromeres, which are determined epigenetically by centromeric histone 3 (CENH3) have revealed surprising structural diversity, ranging from the canonical monocentric seen in vertebrates, to polycentric, and holocentric. Normally stable, centromeres can change position over evolutionary times or upon genomic stress, such as when chromosomes are broken. At the DNA level, centromeres can be based on single copy DNA or more commonly on repeats. Rapid evolution of centromeric sequences and of CENH3 protein remains a mystery, as evidence of co-adaptation is lacking. Epigenetic differences between parents can trigger uniparental centromere failure and genome elimination, contributing to postzygotic hybridization barriers..
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Comai
- Department of Plant Biology and Genome Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Shamoni Maheshwari
- Department of Plant Biology and Genome Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Mohan P A Marimuthu
- Department of Plant Biology and Genome Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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62
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Affiliation(s)
- David Jackson
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
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63
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Liu C, Li X, Meng D, Zhong Y, Chen C, Dong X, Xu X, Chen B, Li W, Li L, Tian X, Zhao H, Song W, Luo H, Zhang Q, Lai J, Jin W, Yan J, Chen S. A 4-bp Insertion at ZmPLA1 Encoding a Putative Phospholipase A Generates Haploid Induction in Maize. MOLECULAR PLANT 2017; 10:520-522. [PMID: 28179149 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2017.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2017] [Revised: 01/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chenxu Liu
- National Maize Improvement Center of China, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuan Ming Yuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiang Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Dexuan Meng
- National Maize Improvement Center of China, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuan Ming Yuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yu Zhong
- National Maize Improvement Center of China, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuan Ming Yuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chen Chen
- National Maize Improvement Center of China, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuan Ming Yuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xin Dong
- National Maize Improvement Center of China, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuan Ming Yuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China; Maize Research Institute, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Baishiyi Town, Jiulongpo District, Chongqing 401329, China
| | - Xiaowei Xu
- National Maize Improvement Center of China, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuan Ming Yuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Baojian Chen
- National Maize Improvement Center of China, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuan Ming Yuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wei Li
- National Maize Improvement Center of China, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuan Ming Yuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Liang Li
- National Maize Improvement Center of China, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuan Ming Yuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaolong Tian
- National Maize Improvement Center of China, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuan Ming Yuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Haiming Zhao
- National Maize Improvement Center of China, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuan Ming Yuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Weibin Song
- National Maize Improvement Center of China, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuan Ming Yuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Haishan Luo
- National Maize Improvement Center of China, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuan Ming Yuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jinsheng Lai
- National Maize Improvement Center of China, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuan Ming Yuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Weiwei Jin
- National Maize Improvement Center of China, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuan Ming Yuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Jianbing Yan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Shaojiang Chen
- National Maize Improvement Center of China, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuan Ming Yuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China.
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64
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Post-meiotic B chromosome expulsion, during spermiogenesis, in two grasshopper species. Chromosoma 2017; 126:633-644. [PMID: 28190081 DOI: 10.1007/s00412-017-0627-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 01/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Most supernumerary (B) chromosomes are parasitic elements carrying out an evolutionary arms race with the standard (A) chromosomes. A variety of weapons for attack and defense have evolved in both contending elements, the most conspicuous being B chromosome drive and A chromosome drive suppression. Here, we show for the first time that most microspermatids formed during spermiogenesis in two grasshopper species contain expulsed B chromosomes. By using DNA probes for B-specific satellite DNAs in Eumigus monticola and Eyprepocnemis plorans, and also 18S rDNA in the latter species, we were able to count the number of B chromosomes in standard spermatids submitted to fluorescence in situ hybridization, as well as visualizing B chromosomes inside most microspermatids. In E. plorans, the presence of B-carrying microspermatids in 1B males was associated with a significant decrease in the proportion of B-carrying standard spermatids. The fact that this decrease was apparent in elongating spermatids but not in round ones demonstrates that meiosis yields 1:1 proportions of 0B and 1B spermatids and hence that B elimination takes place post-meiotically, i.e., during spermiogenesis, implying a 5-25% decrease in B transmission rate. In E. monticola, the B chromosome is mitotically unstable and B number varies between cells within a same individual. A comparison of B frequency between round and elongating spermatids of a same individual revealed a significant 12.3% decrease. We conclude that B chromosome elimination during spermiogenesis is a defense weapon of the host genome to get rid of parasitic chromosomes.
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65
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Ishii T. Wide Hybridization Between Oat and Pearl Millet. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1536:31-42. [PMID: 28132141 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6682-0_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Wide hybridization is a one of the important techniques in plant breeding. Oat (Avena sativa L.) and pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) belong to different subfamilies of Poaceae. In generally, such distant relative species show uniparental chromosome elimination after successful fertilization. However, all seven pearl millet chromosomes are retained beside the genome of oat during embryogenesis. Hybrid seedlings develop, but show necrosis after light irradiation. Here, a detailed protocol for wide hybridization between oat and pearl millet is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayoshi Ishii
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, 06466, Stadt Seeland, Germany.
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66
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Tissue-specific genome instability in synthetic interspecific hybrids of Pennisetum purpureum (Napier grass) and Pennisetum glaucum (pearl millet) is caused by micronucleation. Chromosome Res 2016; 24:285-97. [DOI: 10.1007/s10577-016-9521-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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