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Liu D, Li Y, Zhao Q. Effects of Inflammatory Cell Death Caused by Catheter Ablation on Atrial Fibrillation. J Inflamm Res 2023; 16:3491-3508. [PMID: 37608882 PMCID: PMC10441646 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s422002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) poses a serious healthcare burden on society due to its high morbidity and the resulting serious complications such as thrombosis and heart failure. The principle of catheter ablation is to achieve electrical isolation by linear destruction of cardiac tissue, which makes AF a curable disease. Currently, catheter ablation does not have a high long-term success rate. The current academic consensus is that inflammation and fibrosis are central mechanisms in the progression of AF. However, artificially caused inflammatory cell death by catheter ablation may have a significant impact on structural and electrical remodeling, which may affect the long-term prognosis. This review first focused on the inflammatory response induced by apoptosis, necrosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis, ferroptosis and their interaction with arrhythmia. Then, we compared the differences in cell death induced by radiofrequency ablation, cryoballoon ablation and pulsed-field ablation. Finally, we discussed the structural and electrical remodeling caused by inflammation and the association between inflammation and the recurrence of AF after catheter ablation. Collectively, pulsed-field ablation will be a revolutionary innovation with faster, safer, better tissue selectivity and less inflammatory response induced by apoptosis-dominated cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dishiwen Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, People’s Republic of China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, People’s Republic of China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, 430060, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yajia Li
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, People’s Republic of China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, People’s Republic of China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, 430060, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingyan Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, People’s Republic of China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, People’s Republic of China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, 430060, People’s Republic of China
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Zhang CP, Qiu HY, Zhang CX, Zhang YM, Zhang YZ, Yin H, Zhang KQ, Zhang Y. Efficient non-viral delivery of macromolecules in human primary hematopoietic stem cells and lymphocytes. J Mol Cell Biol 2023; 15:mjad018. [PMID: 36945107 PMCID: PMC10481097 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjad018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Ping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Medical Research Institute, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Hou-Yuan Qiu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Medical Research Institute, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Cai-Xiang Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Medical Research Institute, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yu-Ming Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Medical Research Institute, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yi-Zhou Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Medical Research Institute, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Hao Yin
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Medical Research Institute, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Ke-Qin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Medical Research Institute, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
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53
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Balantič K, Weiss VU, Pittenauer E, Miklavčič D, Kramar P. The role of lipid oxidation on electrical properties of planar lipid bilayers and its importance for understanding electroporation. Bioelectrochemistry 2023; 153:108498. [PMID: 37399652 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2023.108498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Electroporation is a useful tool for the manipulation with the cell membrane permeability. Underlying physicochemical processes taking place at the molecular level during electroporation are relatively well studied. However, various processes remain unknown, one of them is lipid oxidation, a chain reaction that causes degradation of lipids, and might explain the long-lasting membrane permeability after the electric field has ceased. The aim of our study was to observe the differences in the electrical properties of planar lipid bilayers, as in vitro cell membrane models, due to lipid oxidation. Phospholipids were chemically oxidized and oxidation products were analysed using mass spectrometry. Electrical properties, resistance R (Ω) and capacitance C (F) were measured using an LCR meter. Using a previously developed measuring device, a linear increasing signal was applied to a stable bilayer in order to measure its breakdown voltage Ubr (V) and lifetime tbr (µs). We observed an increase in conductance and capacitance of the oxidized planar lipid bilayers when compared to their non-oxidized counterparts. With increasing lipid oxidation, the core of the bilayer becomes more polar, and consequently more permeable. Our findings can explain the long-lasting permeability of the cell membrane after electroporation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Balantič
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Slovenia
| | - Victor U Weiss
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ernst Pittenauer
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Damijan Miklavčič
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Slovenia
| | - Peter Kramar
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Slovenia.
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Kos B, Mattison L, Ramirez D, Cindrič H, Sigg DC, Iaizzo PA, Stewart MT, Miklavčič D. Determination of lethal electric field threshold for pulsed field ablation in ex vivo perfused porcine and human hearts. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1160231. [PMID: 37424913 PMCID: PMC10326317 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1160231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Pulsed field ablation is an emerging modality for catheter-based cardiac ablation. The main mechanism of action is irreversible electroporation (IRE), a threshold-based phenomenon in which cells die after exposure to intense pulsed electric fields. Lethal electric field threshold for IRE is a tissue property that determines treatment feasibility and enables the development of new devices and therapeutic applications, but it is greatly dependent on the number of pulses and their duration. Methods In the study, lesions were generated by applying IRE in porcine and human left ventricles using a pair of parallel needle electrodes at different voltages (500-1500 V) and two different pulse waveforms: a proprietary biphasic waveform (Medtronic) and monophasic 48 × 100 μs pulses. The lethal electric field threshold, anisotropy ratio, and conductivity increase by electroporation were determined by numerical modeling, comparing the model outputs with segmented lesion images. Results The median threshold was 535 V/cm in porcine ((N = 51 lesions in n = 6 hearts) and 416 V/cm in the human donor hearts ((N = 21 lesions in n = 3 hearts) for the biphasic waveform. The median threshold value was 368 V/cm in porcine hearts ((N = 35 lesions in n = 9 hearts) cm for 48 × 100 μs pulses. Discussion The values obtained are compared with an extensive literature review of published lethal electric field thresholds in other tissues and were found to be lower than most other tissues, except for skeletal muscle. These findings, albeit preliminary, from a limited number of hearts suggest that treatments in humans with parameters optimized in pigs should result in equal or greater lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bor Kos
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Lars Mattison
- Cardiac Ablation Solutions, Medtronic, Inc., Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - David Ramirez
- Department of Surgery, Visible Heart® Laboratories, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Helena Cindrič
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Daniel C. Sigg
- Cardiac Ablation Solutions, Medtronic, Inc., Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Paul A. Iaizzo
- Department of Surgery, Visible Heart® Laboratories, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Mark T. Stewart
- Cardiac Ablation Solutions, Medtronic, Inc., Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Damijan Miklavčič
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Kranjc Brezar S, Medved A, Matkovic U, Sersa G, Markelc B, Bozic T, Jurdana M, Cemazar M. Effect of electrochemotherapy on myogenesis of mouse C2C12 cells in vitro. Bioelectrochemistry 2023; 153:108487. [PMID: 37354641 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2023.108487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemotherapy (ECT) is a local ablative therapy for the treatment of different skin and subcutaneous tumors and certain tumors in internal organs. Skeletal muscle represents a major tumor- surrounding tissue, exposed to side effects of ECT. At the cellular level, side-effects of ECT on skeletal muscle and underlying mechanisms have not been examined yet. Thus, we aimed to determine the effect of ECT in the mouse muscle cell line C2C12 during in vitro myogenesis. We evaluated the electroporation efficiency and viability of C2C12 myotubes at increasing voltages (200-1300 V/cm) using propidium iodide (PI). Permeabilization of PI into the cells was voltage-dependent accounting up to 97 % efficiency at the highest voltage. High cell viability and myotube integrity were maintained until 4 days after electroporation. ECT with the cytostatic drugs bleomycin and cisplatin decreased the viability of C2C12 myoblasts and myotubes in a dose-dependent manner. However, myoblasts were more sensitive to ECT than myotubes. Increased secretion of IL-6, observed 3 days after ECT, confirming its effects on early myogenesis. Only minor effects of ECT were observed in treated myotubes. These results contribute to the safety profile of ECT in tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Kranjc Brezar
- Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Zaloška 2, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Korytkova 2, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ajda Medved
- Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Zaloška 2, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Urska Matkovic
- Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Zaloška 2, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Gregor Sersa
- Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Zaloška 2, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Bostjan Markelc
- Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Zaloška 2, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tim Bozic
- Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Zaloška 2, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mihaela Jurdana
- University of Primorska, Faculty of Health Sciences, Polje 42, Izola, Slovenia.
| | - Maja Cemazar
- Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Zaloška 2, Ljubljana, Slovenia; University of Primorska, Faculty of Health Sciences, Polje 42, Izola, Slovenia.
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Campelo SN, Huang PH, Buie CR, Davalos RV. Recent Advancements in Electroporation Technologies: From Bench to Clinic. Annu Rev Biomed Eng 2023; 25:77-100. [PMID: 36854260 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-bioeng-110220-023800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decade, the increased adoption of electroporation-based technologies has led to an expansion of clinical research initiatives. Electroporation has been utilized in molecular biology for mammalian and bacterial transfection; for food sanitation; and in therapeutic settings to increase drug uptake, for gene therapy, and to eliminate cancerous tissues. We begin this article by discussing the biophysics required for understanding the concepts behind the cell permeation phenomenon that is electroporation. We then review nano- and microscale single-cell electroporation technologies before scaling up to emerging in vivo applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina N Campelo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech-Wake Forest School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA;
| | - Po-Hsun Huang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Cullen R Buie
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rafael V Davalos
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech-Wake Forest School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA;
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Perera-Bel E, Aycock KN, Salameh ZS, Gomez-Barea M, Davalos RV, Ivorra A, Ballester MAG. PIRET-A Platform for Treatment Planning in Electroporation-Based Therapies. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2023; 70:1902-1910. [PMID: 37015676 PMCID: PMC10281020 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2022.3232038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Tissue electroporation is the basis of several therapies. Electroporation is performed by briefly exposing tissues to high electric fields. It is generally accepted that electroporation is effective where an electric field magnitude threshold is overreached. However, it is difficult to preoperatively estimate the field distribution because it is highly dependent on anatomy and treatment parameters. OBJECTIVE We developed PIRET, a platform to predict the treatment volume in electroporation-based therapies. METHODS The platform seamlessly integrates tools to build patient-specific models where the electric field is simulated to predict the treatment volume. Patient anatomy is segmented from medical images and 3D reconstruction aids in placing the electrodes and setting up treatment parameters. RESULTS Four canine patients that had been treated with high-frequency irreversible electroporation were retrospectively planned with PIRET and with a workflow commonly used in previous studies, which uses different general-purpose segmentation (3D Slicer) and modeling software (3Matic and COMSOL Multiphysics). PIRET outperformed the other workflow by 65 minutes (× 1.7 faster), thanks to the improved user experience during treatment setup and model building. Both approaches computed similarly accurate electric field distributions, with average Dice scores higher than 0.93. CONCLUSION A platform which integrates all the required tools for electroporation treatment planning is presented. Treatment plan can be performed rapidly with minimal user interaction in a stand-alone platform. SIGNIFICANCE This platform is, to the best of our knowledge, the most complete software for treatment planning of irreversible electroporation. It can potentially be used for other electroporation applications.
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Muir T, Bertino G, Groselj A, Ratnam L, Kis E, Odili J, McCafferty I, Wohlgemuth WA, Cemazar M, Krt A, Bosnjak M, Zanasi A, Battista M, de Terlizzi F, Campana LG, Sersa G. Bleomycin electrosclerotherapy (BEST) for the treatment of vascular malformations. An International Network for Sharing Practices on Electrochemotherapy (InspECT) study group report. Radiol Oncol 2023; 57:141-149. [PMID: 37341196 DOI: 10.2478/raon-2023-0029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biomedical applications of electroporation are expanding out of the field of oncology into vaccination, treatment of arrhythmias and now in the treatment of vascular malformations. Bleomycin is a widely used sclerosing agent in the treatment of various vascular malformations. The application of electric pulses in addition to bleomycin enhances the effectiveness of the drug, as demonstrated by electrochemotherapy, which utilizes bleomycin in the treatment of tumors. The same principle is used in bleomycin electrosclerotherapy (BEST). The approach seems to be effective in the treatment of low-flow (venous and lymphatic) and, potentially, even high-flow (arteriovenous) malformations. Although there are only a few published reports to date, the surgical community is interested, and an increasing number of centers are applying BEST in the treatment of vascular malformations. Within the International Network for Sharing Practices on Electrochemotherapy (InspECT) consortium, a dedicated working group has been constituted to develop standard operating procedures for BEST and foster clinical trials. CONCLUSIONS By treatment standardization and successful completion of clinical trials demonstrating the effectiveness and safety of the approach, higher quality data and better clinical outcomes may be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobian Muir
- Department of Reconstructive Plastic Surgery, James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, United Kingdom
| | - Giulia Bertino
- Department of Otolaryngology Head Neck Surgery, University of Pavia, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Ales Groselj
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Cervicofacial Surgery, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Lakshmi Ratnam
- Department of Interventional Radiology, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Erika Kis
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Joy Odili
- Department of Plastic Surgery, St. Georges University Hospitals NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ian McCafferty
- Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Walter A Wohlgemuth
- Universitätsklinik und Poliklinik für Radiologie, Universitätsmedizin Halle, Halle, Germany
| | - Maja Cemazar
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Primorska, Slovenia
| | - Aljosa Krt
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Izola General Hospital, Izola, Slovenia
| | - Masa Bosnjak
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | | | | | - Luca G Campana
- Department of Surgery, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Gregor Sersa
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Lampreht Tratar U, Milevoj N, Cemazar M, Znidar K, Ursic Valentinuzzi K, Brozic A, Tomsic K, Sersa G, Tozon N. Treatment of spontaneous canine mast cell tumors by electrochemotherapy combined with IL-12 gene electrotransfer: Comparison of intratumoral and peritumoral application of IL-12. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 120:110274. [PMID: 37216797 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The combined treatment of electrochemotherapy (ECT) and interleukin-12 (IL-12) gene electrotransfer (GET) has already been used in clinical studies in dogs to treat various histological types of spontaneous tumors. The results of these studies show that the treatment is safe and effective. However, in these clinical studies, the routes of administration of IL-12 GET were either intratumoral (i.t.) or peritumoral (peri.t.). Therefore, the objective of this clinical trial was to compare the two IL-12 GET routes of administration in combination with ECT and their contribution to the enhanced ECT response. Seventy-seven dogs with spontaneous mast cell tumors (MCTs) were divided into three groups: one treated with a combination of ECT + GET peri. t. (29 dogs), the second with the combination of ECT + GET i.t. (30 dogs), and the third with ECT alone (18 dogs). In addition, immunohistochemical studies of tumor samples before treatment and flow cytometry of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) before and after treatment were performed to determine any immunological aspects of the treatment. The results showed that local tumor control was significantly better in the ECT + GET i.t. group (p < 0.050) than in the ECT + GET peri.t. or ECT groups. In addition, disease-free interval (DFI) and progression-free survival (PFS) were significantly longer in the ECT + GET i.t. group than in the other two groups (p < 0.050). The data on local tumor response, DFI, and PFS were consistent with immunological tests, as we detected an increased percentage of antitumor immune cells in the blood after treatment in the ECT + GET i.t. group, which also indicated the induction of a systemic immune response. In addition, we did not observe any unwanted severe or long-lasting side effects. Finally, due to the more pronounced local response after ECT + GET i.t., we suggest that treatment response assessment should be performed at least two months after treatment, which meets the iRECIST criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursa Lampreht Tratar
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Zaloska 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbiceva 60, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nina Milevoj
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbiceva 60, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Maja Cemazar
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Zaloska 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Primorska, Polje 42, 6310 Izola, Slovenia.
| | - Katarina Znidar
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Zaloska 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Katja Ursic Valentinuzzi
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Zaloska 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva ulica 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Andreja Brozic
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Zaloska 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Katerina Tomsic
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbiceva 60, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Gregor Sersa
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Zaloska 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Zdravstvena pot 5, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Natasa Tozon
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbiceva 60, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Verma A, Haines DE, Boersma LV, Sood N, Natale A, Marchlinski FE, Calkins H, Sanders P, Packer DL, Kuck KH, Hindricks G, Onal B, Cerkvenik J, Tada H, DeLurgio DB. Pulsed Field Ablation for the Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation: PULSED AF Pivotal Trial. Circulation 2023; 147:1422-1432. [PMID: 36877118 PMCID: PMC10158608 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.123.063988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 119.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulsed field ablation uses electrical pulses to cause nonthermal irreversible electroporation and induce cardiac cell death. Pulsed field ablation may have effectiveness comparable to traditional catheter ablation while preventing thermally mediated complications. METHODS The PULSED AF pivotal study (Pulsed Field Ablation to Irreversibly Electroporate Tissue and Treat AF) was a prospective, global, multicenter, nonrandomized, paired single-arm study in which patients with paroxysmal (n=150) or persistent (n=150) symptomatic atrial fibrillation (AF) refractory to class I or III antiarrhythmic drugs were treated with pulsed field ablation. All patients were monitored for 1 year using weekly and symptomatic transtelephonic monitoring; 3-, 6-, and 12-month ECGs; and 6- and 12-month 24-hour Holter monitoring. The primary effectiveness end point was freedom from a composite of acute procedural failure, arrhythmia recurrence, or antiarrhythmic escalation through 12 months, excluding a 3-month blanking period to allow recovery from the procedure. The primary safety end point was freedom from a composite of serious procedure- and device-related adverse events. Kaplan-Meier methods were used to evaluate the primary end points. RESULTS Pulsed field ablation was shown to be effective at 1 year in 66.2% (95% CI, 57.9 to 73.2) of patients with paroxysmal AF and 55.1% (95% CI, 46.7 to 62.7) of patients with persistent AF. The primary safety end point occurred in 1 patient (0.7%; 95% CI, 0.1 to 4.6) in both the paroxysmal and persistent AF cohorts. CONCLUSIONS PULSED AF demonstrated a low rate of primary safety adverse events (0.7%) and provided effectiveness consistent with established ablation technologies using a novel irreversible electroporation energy to treat patients with AF. REGISTRATION URL: https://www. CLINICALTRIALS gov; Unique identifier: NCT04198701.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atul Verma
- McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada (A.V.)
| | | | - Lucas V. Boersma
- St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein and Amsterdam UMC, the Netherlands (L.V.B.)
| | - Nitesh Sood
- Southcoast Health Center, Fall River, MA (N.S.)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Birce Onal
- Medtronic, Inc, Minneapolis, MN (B.O., J.C.)
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Krishnan N, Peng FX, Mohapatra A, Fang RH, Zhang L. Genetically engineered cellular nanoparticles for biomedical applications. Biomaterials 2023; 296:122065. [PMID: 36841215 PMCID: PMC10542936 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, nanoparticles derived from cellular membranes have been increasingly explored for the prevention and treatment of human disease. With their flexible design and ability to interface effectively with the surrounding environment, these biomimetic nanoparticles can outperform their traditional synthetic counterparts. As their popularity has increased, researchers have developed novel ways to modify the nanoparticle surface to introduce new or enhanced capabilities. Moving beyond naturally occurring materials derived from wild-type cells, genetic manipulation has proven to be a robust and flexible method by which nanoformulations with augmented functionalities can be generated. In this review, an overview of genetic engineering approaches to express novel surface proteins is provided, followed by a discussion on the various biomedical applications of genetically modified cellular nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishta Krishnan
- Department of NanoEngineering, Chemical Engineering Program, and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Fei-Xing Peng
- Department of NanoEngineering, Chemical Engineering Program, and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Animesh Mohapatra
- Department of NanoEngineering, Chemical Engineering Program, and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Ronnie H Fang
- Department of NanoEngineering, Chemical Engineering Program, and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Liangfang Zhang
- Department of NanoEngineering, Chemical Engineering Program, and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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Jiang M, Fiering S, Shao Q. Combining energy-based focal ablation and immune checkpoint inhibitors: preclinical research and clinical trials. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1153066. [PMID: 37251920 PMCID: PMC10211342 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1153066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Energy-based focal therapy (FT) uses targeted, minimally invasive procedures to destroy tumors while preserving normal tissue and function. There is strong emerging interest in understanding how systemic immunity against the tumor can occur with cancer immunotherapy, most notably immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). The motivation for combining FT and ICI in cancer management relies on the synergy between the two different therapies: FT complements ICI by reducing tumor burden, increasing objective response rate, and reducing side effects of ICI; ICI supplements FT by reducing local recurrence, controlling distal metastases, and providing long-term protection. This combinatorial strategy has shown promising results in preclinical study (since 2004) and the clinical trials (since 2011). Understanding the synergy calls for understanding the physics and biology behind the two different therapies with distinctive mechanisms of action. In this review, we introduce different types of energy-based FT by covering the biophysics of tissue-energy interaction and present the immunomodulatory properties of FT. We discuss the basis of cancer immunotherapy with the emphasis on ICI. We examine the approaches researchers have been using and the results from both preclinical models and clinical trials from our exhaustive literature research. Finally, the challenges of the combinatory strategy and opportunities of future research is discussed extensively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhan Jiang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Steven Fiering
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States
- Dartmouth Cancer Center, Dartmouth Geisel School of Medicine and Dartmouth Health, Lebanon, NH, United States
| | - Qi Shao
- Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
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Hartl S, Reinsch N, Füting A, Neven K. Pearls and Pitfalls of Pulsed Field Ablation. Korean Circ J 2023; 53:273-293. [PMID: 37161743 PMCID: PMC10172271 DOI: 10.4070/kcj.2023.0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulsed field ablation (PFA) was recently rediscovered as an emerging treatment modality for the ablation of cardiac arrhythmias. Ultra-short high voltage pulses are leading to irreversible electroporation of cardiac cells subsequently resulting in cell death. Current literature of PFA for pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) consistently reported excellent acute and long-term efficacy along with a very low adverse event rate. The undeniable benefit of the novel ablation technique is that cardiac cells are more susceptible to electrical fields whereas surrounding structures such as the pulmonary veins, the phrenic nerve or the esophagus are not, or if at all, minimally affected, which results in a favorable safety profile that is expected to be superior to the current standard of care without compromising efficacy. Nevertheless, the exact mechanisms of electroporation are not yet entirely understood on a cellular basis and pulsed electrical field protocols of different manufactures are not comparable among one another and require their own validation for each indication. Importantly, randomized controlled trials and comparative data to current standard of care modalities, such as radiofrequency- or cryoballoon ablation, are still missing. This review focuses on the "pearls" and "pitfalls" of PFA, a technology that has the potential to become the future leading energy source for PVI and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Hartl
- Department of Electrophysiology, Alfried Krupp Hospital, Essen, Germany
- Department of Medicine, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
| | - Nico Reinsch
- Department of Electrophysiology, Alfried Krupp Hospital, Essen, Germany
- Department of Medicine, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
| | - Anna Füting
- Department of Electrophysiology, Alfried Krupp Hospital, Essen, Germany
- Department of Medicine, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
| | - Kars Neven
- Department of Electrophysiology, Alfried Krupp Hospital, Essen, Germany
- Department of Medicine, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany.
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Wu JR, Hernandez Y, Miyasaki KF, Kwon EJ. Engineered nanomaterials that exploit blood-brain barrier dysfunction fordelivery to the brain. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 197:114820. [PMID: 37054953 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.114820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a highly regulated physical and functional boundarythat tightly controls the transport of materials between the blood and the brain. There is an increasing recognition that the BBB is dysfunctional in a wide range of neurological disorders; this dysfunction can be symptomatic of the disease but can also play a role in disease etiology. BBB dysfunction can be exploited for the delivery of therapeutic nanomaterials. Forexample, there can be a transient, physical disruption of the BBB in diseases such as brain injury and stroke, which allows temporary access of nanomaterials into the brain. Physicaldisruption of the BBB through external energy sources is now being clinically pursued toincrease therapeutic delivery into the brain. In other diseases, the BBB takes on new properties that can beleveraged by delivery carriers. For instance, neuroinflammation induces the expression ofreceptors on the BBB that can be targeted by ligand-modified nanomaterials and theendogenous homing of immune cells into the diseased brain can be hijacked for the delivery ofnanomaterials. Lastly, BBB transport pathways can be altered to increase nanomaterial transport. In this review, we will describe changes that can occur in the BBB in disease, and how these changes have been exploited by engineered nanomaterials forincreased transport into the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason R Wu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Yazmin Hernandez
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Katelyn F Miyasaki
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Ester J Kwon
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA; Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine.
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Ibrahimi N, Vallet L, Andre FM, Rivaletto M, Novac BM, Mir LM, Pécastaing L. An Overview of Subnanosecond Pulsed Electric Field Biological Effects: Toward Contactless Technologies for Cancer Treatment. Bioelectricity 2023. [DOI: 10.1089/bioe.2022.0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Njomza Ibrahimi
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Ingénieur Appliquées à la Mécanique et au Génie Électrique–Fédération IPRA, EA4581, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour/E2S UPPA, Pau, France
| | - Leslie Vallet
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Gustave Roussy, UMR 9018, Metabolic and Systemic Aspects of Oncogenesis (METSY), Villejuif, France
| | - Franck M. Andre
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Gustave Roussy, UMR 9018, Metabolic and Systemic Aspects of Oncogenesis (METSY), Villejuif, France
| | - Marc Rivaletto
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Ingénieur Appliquées à la Mécanique et au Génie Électrique–Fédération IPRA, EA4581, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour/E2S UPPA, Pau, France
| | - Bucur M. Novac
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Ingénieur Appliquées à la Mécanique et au Génie Électrique–Fédération IPRA, EA4581, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour/E2S UPPA, Pau, France
- Wolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Lluis M. Mir
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Gustave Roussy, UMR 9018, Metabolic and Systemic Aspects of Oncogenesis (METSY), Villejuif, France
| | - Laurent Pécastaing
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Ingénieur Appliquées à la Mécanique et au Génie Électrique–Fédération IPRA, EA4581, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour/E2S UPPA, Pau, France
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Enhancing electroporation-induced liposomal drug release in suspension and solid phases. Int J Pharm 2023; 635:122744. [PMID: 36804522 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.122744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
When exposed to an external electric field, lipid bilayer membranes are subject to increased permeability through the generation of pores. Combining this phenomenon, known as electroporation, with liposomal drug delivery offers the added benefit of on-demand release of the liposomal cargo. In previous studies, the maximum percent drug release when exposing liposomes to a pulsed electric field has not surpassed 30%, indicating most of the drug is still retained in the liposomes. Here we showed that by modulating the fluidity of the liposome membrane through appropriate selection of the primary lipid, as well as the addition of other fluidity modulating components such as cholesterol and biotinylated lipid, the electroporation-induced percent release could be increased to over 50%. In addition to improved induced release from liposomes in suspension, biomaterial scaffold-bound liposomes were developed. Electroporation-induced protein release from this solid phase was verified after performing further optimization of the liposome formulation to achieve increased stability at physiological temperatures. Collectively, this work advances the ability to achieve efficient electroporation-induced liposomal drug delivery, which has the potential to be used in concert with other clinical applications of electroporation, such as gene electrotransfer and irreversible electroporation (IRE), in order to synergistically increase treatment efficacy.
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Han W, Liu F, Liu G, Li H, Xu Y, Sun S. Research progress of physical transdermal enhancement techniques in tumor therapy. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:3339-3359. [PMID: 36815500 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc06219d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
The advancement and popularity of transdermal drug delivery (TDD) based on the physical transdermal enhancement technique (PTET) has opened a new paradigm for local tumor treatment. The drug can be directly delivered to the tumor site through the skin, thus avoiding the toxic side effects caused by the first-pass effect and achieving high patient compliance. Further development of PTETs has provided many options for antitumor drugs and laid the foundation for future applications of wearable closed-loop targeting drug delivery systems. In this highlight, the different types of PTETs and related mechanisms, and applications of PTET-related tumor detection and therapy are highlighted. According to their type and characteristics, PTETs are categorized as follows: (1) iontophoresis, (2) electroporation, (3) ultrasound, (4) thermal ablation, and (5) microneedles. PTET-related applications in the local treatment of tumors are categorized as follows: (1) melanoma, (2) breast tumor, (3) squamous cell carcinoma, (4) cervical tumor, and (5) others. The challenges and future prospects of existing PTETs are also discussed. This highlight will provide guidance for the design of PTET-based wearable closed-loop targeting drug delivery systems and personalized therapy for tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqiang Han
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Fengyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Linggong Road, Ganjingzi District, Dalian 116023, P. R. China.
| | - Guoxin Liu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Hongjuan Li
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Yongqian Xu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Shiguo Sun
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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Song K, Hao Y, Tan X, Huang H, Wang L, Zheng W. Microneedle-mediated delivery of Ziconotide-loaded liposomes fused with exosomes for analgesia. J Control Release 2023; 356:448-462. [PMID: 36898532 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Ziconotide (ZIC) is an N-type calcium channel antagonist for treating severe chronic pain that is intolerable, or responds poorly to the administration of other drugs, such as intrathecal morphine and systemic analgesics. As it can only work in the brain and cerebrospinal fluid, intrathecal injection is the only administration route for ZIC. In this study, borneol (BOR)-modified liposomes (LIPs) were fused with exosomes from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and loaded with ZIC to prepare microneedles (MNs) to improve the efficiency of ZIC across the blood-brain barrier. To evaluate local analgesic effects of MNs, the sensitivity of behavioral pain to thermal and mechanical stimuli was tested in animal models of peripheral nerve injury, diabetes-induced neuropathy pain, chemotherapy-induced pain, and ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation-induced neurogenic inflammatory pain. BOR-modified LIPs loaded with ZIC were spherical or nearly spherical, with a particle size of about 95 nm and a Zeta potential of -7.8 mV. After fusion with MSC exosomes, the particle sizes of LIPs increased to 175 nm, and their Zeta potential increased to -3.8 mV. The nano-MNs constructed based on BOR-modified LIPs had good mechanical properties and could effectively penetrate the skin to release drugs. The results of analgesic experiments showed that ZIC had a significant analgesic effect in different pain models. In conclusion, the BOR-modified LIP membrane-fused exosome MNs constructed in this study for delivering ZIC provide a safe and effective administration for chronic pain treatment, as well as great potential for clinical application of ZIC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaichao Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yumei Hao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xiaochuan Tan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Hongdong Huang
- Department of Nephrology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Faculty of Kidney Diseases, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Lulu Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Wensheng Zheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
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Mattison L, Verma A, Tarakji KG, Reichlin T, Hindricks G, Sack KL, Önal B, Schmidt MM, Miklavčič D, Sigg DC. Effect of contact force on pulsed field ablation lesions in porcine cardiac tissue. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2023; 34:693-699. [PMID: 36640426 DOI: 10.1111/jce.15813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Contact force has been used to titrate lesion formation for radiofrequency ablation. Pulsed field ablation (PFA) is a field-based ablation technology for which limited evidence on the impact of contact force on lesion size is available. METHODS Porcine hearts (n = 6) were perfused using a modified Langendorff set-up. A prototype focal PFA catheter attached to a force gauge was held perpendicular to the epicardium and lowered until contact was made. Contact force was recorded during each PFA delivery. Matured lesions were cross-sectioned, stained, and the lesion dimensions measured. RESULTS A total of 82 lesions were evaluated with contact forces between 1.3 and 48.6 g. Mean lesion depth was 4.8 ± 0.9 mm (standard deviation), mean lesion width was 9.1 ± 1.3 mm, and mean lesion volume was 217.0 ± 96.6 mm3 . Linear regression curves showed an increase of only 0.01 mm in depth (depth = 0.01 × contact force + 4.41, R2 = 0.05), 0.03 mm in width (width = 0.03 × contact force + 8.26, R2 = 0.13) for each additional gram of contact force, and 2.20 mm3 in volume (volume = 2.20 × contact force + 162, R2 = 0.10). CONCLUSION Increasing contact force using a bipolar, biphasic focal PFA system has minimal effects on acute lesion dimensions in an isolated porcine heart model and achieving tissue contact is more important than the force with which that contact is made.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Atul Verma
- McGill University Health Center, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Tobias Reichlin
- Department of Cardiology, Inselspital-University Hospital Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Gerhard Hindricks
- Department of Electrophysiology, Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Damijan Miklavčič
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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70
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Song Y, Yang L, He J, Zhao X, Zheng J, Fan L. Ultra-microhistological study of nonthermal irreversible electroporation on the esophagus. Heart Rhythm 2023; 20:343-351. [PMID: 36372314 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2022.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Esophageal ulceration and even fistula are severe complications of pulmonary vein isolation using traditional thermal ablation. Nonthermal irreversible electroporation (NTIRE) is a new technique for pulmonary vein isolation in patients with atrial fibrillation. NTIRE has been shown to be a safe method for pulsed electroporation near the esophagus. NTIRE preserves the structural framework of the esophagus and allows for rapid recovery of the whole layers of the esophagus. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to elucidate the ultrastructural changes and cytological mechanisms of cell regeneration and tissue repair after esophageal electroporation. METHODS The parameter combination of 2000 V/cm multiplied by 90-pulse output was directly applied to the esophagus in 60 New Zealand rabbits, and ultrastructure analysis of the esophagus was implemented subsequently. RESULTS NTIRE predominantly triggered apoptosis of esophageal cells shortly after electroporation. Since the tissue structural framework was preserved, esophageal cells could regenerate through self-replication within 4 weeks. Complete anatomical repair can eventually be achieved through structural remodeling, and no lumen stenosis, ulcer, or fistula was observed in the ablated segment. CONCLUSION Monophasic, bipolar NTIRE pulses delivered using plate electrodes in an esophageal model demonstrates no irreversible ultra-micropathological changes to the esophagus after 4 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Song
- Department of Urology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Limin Yang
- Department of Urology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Jingteng He
- Department of Urology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Xu Zhao
- Department of Urology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Jingjing Zheng
- Department of Anesthesia, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China.
| | - Lianhui Fan
- Department of Urology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China.
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Puricelli C, Boggio E, Gigliotti CL, Stoppa I, Sutti S, Giordano M, Dianzani U, Rolla R. Platelets, Protean Cells with All-Around Functions and Multifaceted Pharmacological Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:4565. [PMID: 36901997 PMCID: PMC10002540 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelets, traditionally known for their roles in hemostasis and coagulation, are the most prevalent blood component after erythrocytes (150,000-400,000 platelets/μL in healthy humans). However, only 10,000 platelets/μL are needed for vessel wall repair and wound healing. Increased knowledge of the platelet's role in hemostasis has led to many advances in understanding that they are crucial mediators in many other physiological processes, such as innate and adaptive immunity. Due to their multiple functions, platelet dysfunction is involved not only in thrombosis, mediating myocardial infarction, stroke, and venous thromboembolism, but also in several other disorders, such as tumors, autoimmune diseases, and neurodegenerative diseases. On the other hand, thanks to their multiple functions, nowadays platelets are therapeutic targets in different pathologies, in addition to atherothrombotic diseases; they can be used as an innovative drug delivery system, and their derivatives, such as platelet lysates and platelet extracellular vesicles (pEVs), can be useful in regenerative medicine and many other fields. The protean role of platelets, from the name of Proteus, a Greek mythological divinity who could take on different shapes or aspects, is precisely the focus of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Puricelli
- Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy
- Maggiore della Carità University Hospital, Corso Mazzini 18, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Elena Boggio
- Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy
- NOVAICOS s.r.l.s, Via Amico Canobio 4/6, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Casimiro Luca Gigliotti
- Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy
- NOVAICOS s.r.l.s, Via Amico Canobio 4/6, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Ian Stoppa
- Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Salvatore Sutti
- Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Mara Giordano
- Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy
- Maggiore della Carità University Hospital, Corso Mazzini 18, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Umberto Dianzani
- Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy
- Maggiore della Carità University Hospital, Corso Mazzini 18, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Roberta Rolla
- Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy
- Maggiore della Carità University Hospital, Corso Mazzini 18, 28100 Novara, Italy
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Davis JM, Salibi PN, Motz BM, Vrochides D, McKillop IH, Iannitti DA. Irreversible Electroporation-Assisted Resection for Locally Advanced Pancreas Cancer. Surg Innov 2023:15533506231157442. [PMID: 36792137 DOI: 10.1177/15533506231157442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A significant number of patients with advanced pancreatic cancer are unable to undergo resection due to vascular involvement. Irreversible electroporation (IRE) has shown promise in improving survival. This study sought to assess a novel IRE application whereby IRE was performed pre-resection to alter tissue plasticity and assist tumor removal from underlying vasculature when surgical excision was otherwise precluded. METHODS After multidisciplinary evaluation appropriate patients were consented for IRE therapy. All IRE cases were tracked prospectively using an institutional review board-approved database that was retrospectively queried for patients undergoing IRE-assisted resection (IRE-AR) for pancreatic adenocarcinoma located in the head/uncinate process. Patients who underwent other IRE therapy or had disease location elsewhere were excluded. RESULTS 5 patients met the study inclusion criteria with a mean tumor size of 3.2 cm (range 2.4-4.1 cm). Using IRE-AR median recurrence free survival was 10.6 months, with 21.6 month overall survival. The average comprehensive complication index score was 23.23. One patient had grade 3 [or higher] complications and there were no 90 day mortalities. DISCUSSION Employing a high-starting voltage for ablation along resection margins allows for resection when margins are anticipated to be positive. Patients with locally advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma who underwent IRE-AR had promising outcomes. CONCLUSION This study reports IRE-AR as a novel approach for resecting locally advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma. A prospective trial of IRE-AR for inoperable pancreatic adenocarcinoma will provide additional data for the long-term application of this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Mk Davis
- Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, 2351Atrium Health, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Patrick N Salibi
- Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, 2351Atrium Health, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Benjamin M Motz
- Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, 2351Atrium Health, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | | | - Iain H McKillop
- Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, 2351Atrium Health, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - David A Iannitti
- Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, 2351Atrium Health, Charlotte, NC, USA
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Nanomaterial-mediated photoporation for intracellular delivery. Acta Biomater 2023; 157:24-48. [PMID: 36584801 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.12.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Translocation of extrinsic molecules into living cells is becoming increasingly crucial in biological studies ranging from cell engineering to biomedical applications. The concerns regarding biosafety and immunogenicity for conventional vectors and physical methods yet challenge effective intracellular delivery. Here, we begin with an overview of approaches for trans-membrane delivery up to now. These methods are featured with a relatively mature application but usually encounter low cell survival. Our review then proposes an advanced application for nanomaterial-sensitized photoporation triggered with a laser. We cover the mechanisms, procedures, and outcomes of photoporation-induced intracellular delivery with a highlight on its versatility to different living cells. We hope the review discussed here encourages researchers to further improvement and applications for photoporation-induced intracellular delivery. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE.
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Osteoclast-derived extracellular miR-106a-5p promotes osteogenic differentiation and facilitates bone defect healing. Cell Signal 2023; 102:110549. [PMID: 36464103 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2022.110549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are considered to play critical roles in intercellular communications during normal and pathological processes since they are enriched with miRNAs and other signal molecules. In bone remodeling, osteoclasts generate large amounts of sEVs. However, there is very few research studying whether and how osteoclast-derived sEVs (OC-sEVs) affect surrounding cells. In our study, microarray analysis identified miR-106a-5p as highly enriched in OC-sEV. Further experiments confirmed that OC-sEVs inhibited Fam134a through miR-106a-5p and significantly promoted bone mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) osteogenic mineralization in vitro. Next, we prepared an sEV-modified demineralized bone matrix (DBM) as scaffold treating calvarial defect mouse model to evaluate the pro-osteogenic activities of the scaffold. In vivo results indicated that DBM modified with miR-106a-5p-sEVs showed an enhanced capacity for bone regeneration. This important finding further emphasizes that sEV-mediated miR-106a-5p transfer plays a critical role in osteogenesis and indicates a novel communication mode between osteoclasts and BMSCs.
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75
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Choi M, Lee HS, Cho SB. Effect of Pulse Widths and Cycles on Invasive, Bipolar, and Gated Radiofrequency-Induced Thermal Reactions in ex vivo Bovine Liver Tissue. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2023; 16:87-97. [PMID: 36660189 PMCID: PMC9844106 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s395072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Background Radiofrequency (RF) oscillations generate thermal tissue reactions, the patterns of which vary depending on the mode and efficiency of energy delivery. The aim of our study was to analyze patterns of RF-induced thermal tissue reactions according to the modes of RF delivery, including continuous and gated modes, using an alternating current, invasive bipolar RF device. Methods RF energies at frequencies of 1 and 2 MHz were delivered at respective experimental settings into ex vivo bovine liver tissue at a 0.5-mm microneedle penetration depth. The tissue samples were then evaluated thermometrically. A histologic study was performed to evaluate RF-induced thermal tissue reactions at a 3.0-mm microneedle penetration depth. Results Thermal imaging study revealed homogenous, well-demarcated, square-shaped zones of RF-induced thermal reactivity on the treated area. Multivariate linear regression analysis revealed that higher temperature elevations immediately after RF treatment (∆T1) were positively associated with RF frequency, power, conduction time/pulse pack, and off-time between pulse packs and negatively associated with total off time. In the 1-MHz experimental setting, higher ∆T1 showed a positive association with power, conduction time/pulse pack, and off-time between pulse packs and a negative association with the number of pulse packs. In the 2-MHz setting, however, higher ∆T1 was positively associated with only total treatment time. Conclusion Thermometric effects during bipolar and gated RF treatments are significantly associated with the frequency, power, and pulse widths and cycles of pulse packs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Choi
- R&D Center, Shenb Co., Ltd, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Sun Lee
- Department of Biostatistics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Bin Cho
- Yonsei Seran Dermatology and Laser Clinic, Seoul, Korea,Correspondence: Sung Bin Cho, Yonsei Seran Dermatology and Laser Clinic, Geumcheon REMAIN CITY 6F, 224 Siheung-daero, Geumcheon-gu, Seoul, 08628, Korea, Tel +82.2-2135-1375, Fax +82.70-8250-1375, Email
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76
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Kim HK, Kim HJ, Kim JY, Ban MJ, Son J, Hwang Y, Cho SB. Immediate and Late Effects of Pulse Widths and Cycles on Bipolar, Gated Radiofrequency-Induced Tissue Reactions in in vivo Rat Skin. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2023; 16:721-729. [PMID: 37008192 PMCID: PMC10053894 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s404631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
Background Single to multiple pulse packs of bipolar, alternating current radiofrequency (RF) oscillations have been used for various medical purposes using invasive microneedle electrodes. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of pulse widths and cycles of RF pulse packs on immediate and delayed thermal tissue reactions in in vivo rat skin. Methods RF energy at the frequency of 1 MHz and power of 70 W was delivered at each experimental setting into in vivo rat skin at 1.5-mm microneedle penetration, and then, tissue samples were obtained after 1 h and 3, 7, 14, and 21 days and histologically analyzed. Results A single-pulse-pack RF treatment generated coagulative necrosis zones in the dermal peri-electrode area and zones of non-necrotic thermal reactions in the dermal inter-electrode area. Multiple pulse-pack, RF-treated rat skin specimens revealed that the number and size of peri-electrode coagulative necrosis were markedly decreased by increasing the number of pulse packs and accordingly decreasing the conduction time of each pulse pack. The microscopic changes in RF-induced non-necrotic thermal reaction in the inter-electrode area were more remarkable in specimens treated with RF of 7 or 10 pulse packs than in specimens treated with RF of 1-4 pulse packs. Conclusion The gated delivery of multiple RF pulse packs using a bipolar, alternating current, 1-MHz RF system using insulated microneedle electrodes efficiently generates non-necrotic thermal tissue reactions over the upper, mid, and deep dermis and subcutaneous fat in the inter-electrode areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Kyung Kim
- Department of Pathology, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
| | | | - Jae Yun Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Myung Jin Ban
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Jiwon Son
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Yongsung Hwang
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Korea
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Sung Bin Cho
- Yonsei Seran Dermatology and Laser Clinic, Seoul, Korea
- Correspondence: Sung Bin Cho, Yonsei Seran Dermatology and Laser Clinic, Geumcheon REMAIN CITY 6F, 224 Siheung-daero, Geumcheon-gu, Seoul, 08628, Korea, Tel +82 2-2135-1375, Fax +82 70-8250-1375, Email
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77
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Tsurusaki Y, Watanabe Y, Numano R, Shibata T, Kurita H. Influence of DNA characteristics on cell membrane damage stimulated by electrical short-circuiting via a low-conductive aqueous droplet in dielectric oil. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0285444. [PMID: 37146039 PMCID: PMC10162562 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated gene electrotransfer using electrical short-circuiting via a cell suspension droplet in dielectric oil. An aqueous droplet of a few microliters placed between a pair of electrodes can be deformed by an intense DC electric field depending on the electric field intensity. When a droplet containing suspended cells and plasmid DNA elongates during deformation and connects the electrodes, the resulting short circuit can cause successful gene electrotransfection into various mammalian cells. We also investigated the influence of the electroporation medium on membrane permeabilization and the mechanisms of gene electrotransfection using short-circuiting via an aqueous droplet. One aim of this study was to investigate the influence of the conductivity of electroporation medium on gene electrotransfer stimulated by short-circuiting. It was found that low-conductivity medium with plasmid DNA resulted in a significant decrease in cell viability compared to the high-conductivity medium with plasmid DNA. Therefore, we demonstrated the influence of exogenous DNA on membrane damage stimulated by droplet electroporation using a low-conductivity medium. Thus, electrical stimulation with the combination of plasmid DNA and the low-conductivity medium resulted in tremendous membrane damage. Linearized plasmid DNA stimulated more significant membrane damage than circular DNA. However, the size of linear DNA did not influence the efflux of small intracellular molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshino Tsurusaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Life Science, Toyohashi University of Technology, Toyohashi, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yuki Watanabe
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Life Science, Toyohashi University of Technology, Toyohashi, Aichi, Japan
| | - Rika Numano
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Life Science, Toyohashi University of Technology, Toyohashi, Aichi, Japan
- The Electronics-Inspired Interdisciplinary Research Institute, Toyohashi University of Technology, Toyohashi, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takayuki Shibata
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, Toyohashi, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Kurita
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Life Science, Toyohashi University of Technology, Toyohashi, Aichi, Japan
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78
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Saindane D, Bhattacharya S, Shah R, Prajapati BG. The recent development of topical nanoparticles for annihilating skin cancer. ALL LIFE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/26895293.2022.2103592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dnyanesh Saindane
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM'S NMIMS Deemed-to-be University, Shirpur, India
| | - Sankha Bhattacharya
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM'S NMIMS Deemed-to-be University, Shirpur, India
| | - Rahul Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM'S NMIMS Deemed-to-be University, Shirpur, India
| | - Bhupendra G. Prajapati
- Dept. of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shree S.K.Patel College of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Ganpat University, Kherva, India
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79
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Roesel D, Eremchev M, Poojari CS, Hub JS, Roke S. Ion-Induced Transient Potential Fluctuations Facilitate Pore Formation and Cation Transport through Lipid Membranes. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:23352-23357. [PMID: 36521841 PMCID: PMC9801421 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c08543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Unassisted ion transport through lipid membranes plays a crucial role in many cell functions without which life would not be possible, yet the precise mechanism behind the process remains unknown due to its molecular complexity. Here, we demonstrate a direct link between membrane potential fluctuations and divalent ion transport. High-throughput wide-field non-resonant second harmonic (SH) microscopy of membrane water shows that membrane potential fluctuations are universally found in lipid bilayer systems. Molecular dynamics simulations reveal that such variations in membrane potential reduce the free energy cost of transient pore formation and increase the ion flux across an open pore. These transient pores can act as conduits for ion transport, which we SH image for a series of divalent cations (Cu2+, Ca2+, Ba2+, Mg2+) passing through giant unilamellar vesicle (GUV) membranes. Combining the experimental and computational results, we show that permeation through pores formed via an ion-induced electrostatic field is a viable mechanism for unassisted ion transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Roesel
- Laboratory
for Fundamental BioPhotonics (LBP), Institute of Bioengineering (IBI),
School of Engineering (STI), École
Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Maksim Eremchev
- Laboratory
for Fundamental BioPhotonics (LBP), Institute of Bioengineering (IBI),
School of Engineering (STI), École
Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Chetan S. Poojari
- Theoretical
Physics and Center for Biophysics, Saarland
University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Jochen S. Hub
- Theoretical
Physics and Center for Biophysics, Saarland
University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany,
| | - Sylvie Roke
- Laboratory
for Fundamental BioPhotonics (LBP), Institute of Bioengineering (IBI),
School of Engineering (STI), École
Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland,Institute
of Materials Science and Engineering (IMX), School of Engineering
(STI), École Polytechnique Fédérale
de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland,Lausanne
Centre for Ultrafast Science, École
Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland,
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80
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High-Frequency Nanosecond Bleomycin Electrochemotherapy and its Effects on Changes in the Immune System and Survival. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14246254. [PMID: 36551739 PMCID: PMC9776811 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14246254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, a time-dependent and time-independent study on bleomycin-based high-frequency nsECT (3.5 kV/cm × 200 pulses) for the elimination of LLC1 tumours in C57BL/6J mice is performed. We show the efficiency of nsECT (200 ns and 700 ns delivered at 1 kHz and 1 MHz) for the elimination of tumours in mice and increase of their survival. The dynamics of the immunomodulatory effects were observed after electrochemotherapy by investigating immune cell populations and antitumour antibodies at different timepoints after the treatment. ECT treatment resulted in an increased percentage of CD4+ T, splenic memory B and tumour-associated dendritic cell subsets. Moreover, increased levels of antitumour IgG antibodies after ECT treatment were detected. Based on the time-dependent study results, nsECT treatment upregulated PD 1 expression on splenic CD4+ Tr1 cells, increased the expansion of splenic CD8+ T, CD4+CD8+ T, plasma cells and the proportion of tumour-associated pro inflammatory macrophages. The Lin- population of immune cells that was increased in the spleens and tumour after nsECT was identified. It was shown that nsECT prolonged survival of the treated mice and induced significant changes in the immune system, which shows a promising alliance of nanosecond electrochemotherapy and immunotherapy.
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81
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Treatment of cervical cancer by electrochemotherapy with bleomycin, cisplatin, and calcium: an in vitro experimental study. Med Oncol 2022; 40:52. [DOI: 10.1007/s12032-022-01921-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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82
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Lv Y, Liu H, Feng Z, Zhang J, Chen G, Yao C. The Enlargement of Ablation Area by Electrolytic Irreversible Electroporation (E-IRE) Using Pulsed Field with Bias DC Field. Ann Biomed Eng 2022; 50:1964-1973. [PMID: 35852648 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-022-03017-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Irreversible electroporation (IRE) by high-strength electric pulses is a biomedical technique that has been effectively used for minimally invasive tumor therapy while maintaining the functionality of adjacent important tissues, such as blood vessels and nerves. In general, pulse delivery using needle electrodes can create a reversible electroporation region beyond both the ablation area and the vicinity of the needle electrodes, limiting enlargement of the ablation area. Electrochemical therapy (EChT) can also be used to ablate a tumor near electrodes by electrolysis using a direct field with a constant current or voltage (DC field). Recently, reversible electroporated cells have been shown to be susceptible to electrolysis at relatively low doses. Reversible electroporation can also be combined with electrolysis for tissue ablation. Therefore, the objective of this study is to use electrolysis to remove the reversible electroporation area and thereby enlarge the ablation area in potato slices in vitro using a pulsed field with a bias DC field (constant voltage). We call this protocol electrolytic irreversible electroporation (E-IRE). The area over which the electrolytic effect induced a pH change was also measured. The results show that decreasing the pulse frequency using IRE alone is found to enlarge the ablation area. The ablation area generated by E-IRE is significantly larger than that generated by using IRE or EChT alone. The ablation area generated by E-IRE at 1 Hz is 109.5% larger than that generated by IRE, showing that the reversible electroporation region is transformed into an ablation region by electrolysis. The area with a pH change produced by E-IRE is larger than that produced by EChT alone. Decreasing the pulse frequency in the E-IRE protocol can further enlarge the ablation area. The results of this study are a preliminary indication that the E-IRE protocol can effectively enlarge the ablation area and enhance the efficacy of traditional IRE for use in ablating large tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanpeng Lv
- School of Electrical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Heqing Liu
- School of Electrical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Zhikui Feng
- School of Electrical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- School of Electrical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Genyong Chen
- School of Electrical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Chenguo Yao
- School of Electrical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
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83
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Advances of Electroporation-Related Therapies and the Synergy with Immunotherapy in Cancer Treatment. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10111942. [PMID: 36423037 PMCID: PMC9692484 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10111942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Electroporation is the process of instantaneously increasing the permeability of a cell membrane under a pulsed electric field. Depending on the parameters of the electric pulses and the target cell electrophysiological characteristics, electroporation can be either reversible or irreversible. Reversible electroporation facilitates the delivery of functional genetic materials or drugs to target cells, inducing cell death by apoptosis, mitotic catastrophe, or pseudoapoptosis; irreversible electroporation is an ablative technology which directly ablates a large amount of tissue without causing harmful thermal effects; electrotherapy using an electric field can induce cell apoptosis without any aggressive invasion. Reversible and irreversible electroporation can also activate systemic antitumor immune response and enhance the efficacy of immunotherapy. In this review, we discuss recent progress related to electroporation, and summarize its latest applications. Further, we discuss the synergistic effects of electroporation-related therapies and immunotherapy. We also propose perspectives for further investigating electroporation and immunotherapy in cancer treatment.
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84
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Bioelectronic medicines: Therapeutic potential and advancements in next-generation cancer therapy. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2022; 1877:188808. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2022.188808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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85
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Dai Z, Zhao T, Song N, Pan K, Yang Y, Zhu X, Chen P, Zhang J, Xia C. Platelets and platelet extracellular vesicles in drug delivery therapy: A review of the current status and future prospects. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1026386. [PMID: 36330089 PMCID: PMC9623298 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1026386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets are blood cells that are primarily produced by the shedding of megakaryocytes in the bone marrow. Platelets participate in a variety of physiological and pathological processes in vivo, including hemostasis, thrombosis, immune-inflammation, tumor progression, and metastasis. Platelets have been widely used for targeted drug delivery therapies for treating various inflammatory and tumor-related diseases. Compared to other drug-loaded treatments, drug-loaded platelets have better targeting, superior biocompatibility, and lower immunogenicity. Drug-loaded platelet therapies include platelet membrane coating, platelet engineering, and biomimetic platelets. Recent studies have indicated that platelet extracellular vesicles (PEVs) may have more advantages compared with traditional drug-loaded platelets. PEVs are the most abundant vesicles in the blood and exhibit many of the functional characteristics of platelets. Notably, PEVs have excellent biological efficacy, which facilitates the therapeutic benefits of targeted drug delivery. This article provides a summary of platelet and PEVs biology and discusses their relationships with diseases. In addition, we describe the preparation, drug-loaded methods, and specific advantages of platelets and PEVs targeted drug delivery therapies for treating inflammation and tumors. We summarize the hot spots analysis of scientific articles on PEVs and provide a research trend, which aims to give a unique insight into the development of PEVs research focus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanqiu Dai
- Department of Spine Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Tingxiao Zhao
- Department of Spine Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Nan Song
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kaifeng Pan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xunbin Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Pengfei Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Pengfei Chen, ; Jun Zhang, ; Chen Xia,
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- *Correspondence: Pengfei Chen, ; Jun Zhang, ; Chen Xia,
| | - Chen Xia
- Department of Spine Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Pengfei Chen, ; Jun Zhang, ; Chen Xia,
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Aleksanyan M, Faizi HA, Kirmpaki MA, Vlahovska PM, Riske KA, Dimova R. Assessing membrane material properties from the response of giant unilamellar vesicles to electric fields. ADVANCES IN PHYSICS: X 2022; 8:2125342. [PMID: 36211231 PMCID: PMC9536468 DOI: 10.1080/23746149.2022.2125342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Knowledge of the material properties of membranes is crucial to understanding cell viability and physiology. A number of methods have been developed to probe membranes in vitro, utilizing the response of minimal biomimetic membrane models to an external perturbation. In this review, we focus on techniques employing giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs), model membrane systems, often referred to as minimal artificial cells because of the potential they offer to mimick certain cellular features. When exposed to electric fields, GUV deformation, dynamic response and poration can be used to deduce properties such as bending rigidity, pore edge tension, membrane capacitance, surface shear viscosity, excess area and membrane stability. We present a succinct overview of these techniques, which require only simple instrumentation, available in many labs, as well as reasonably facile experimental implementation and analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Aleksanyan
- Department of Colloid Chemistry, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Free University of Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hammad A. Faizi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Maria-Anna Kirmpaki
- Department of Colloid Chemistry, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Petia M. Vlahovska
- Engineering Sciences and Applied Mathematics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Karin A. Riske
- Departamento de Biofísica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, 04039-032 Brazil
| | - Rumiana Dimova
- Department of Colloid Chemistry, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
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87
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Xu M, Xie LT, Xiao YY, Liang P, Zhao QY, Wang ZM, Chai WL, Wei YT, Xu LF, Hu XK, Kuang M, Niu LZ, Yao CG, Kong HY, Tian G, Xie XY, Cui XW, Xu D, Zhao J, Jiang TA. Chinese clinical practice guidelines for ultrasound-guided irreversible electroporation of liver cancer (version 2022). Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2022; 21:462-471. [PMID: 36058782 DOI: 10.1016/j.hbpd.2022.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Min Xu
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China; Key Laboratory of Pulsed Power Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
| | - Li-Ting Xie
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China; Key Laboratory of Pulsed Power Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
| | - Yue-Yong Xiao
- Department of Radiology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Ping Liang
- Department of Radiology, The Fifth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Qi-Yu Zhao
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China; Key Laboratory of Pulsed Power Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
| | - Zhong-Min Wang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Wei-Lu Chai
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China; Key Laboratory of Pulsed Power Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
| | - Ying-Tian Wei
- Department of Radiology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Lin-Feng Xu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Xiao-Kun Hu
- Department of the Interventional Medical Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Ming Kuang
- Division of Interventional Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Li-Zhi Niu
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Fuda Cancer Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510665, China
| | - Chen-Guo Yao
- School of Electrical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400033, China
| | - Hai-Ying Kong
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Guo Tian
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China; Key Laboratory of Pulsed Power Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Xie
- Department of Medical Ultrasonics, Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xin-Wu Cui
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Dong Xu
- Department of Interventional Ultrasound, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Tian-An Jiang
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China; Key Laboratory of Pulsed Power Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China.
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88
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Riccio BVF, Silvestre ALP, Meneguin AB, Ribeiro TDC, Klosowski AB, Ferrari PC, Chorilli M. Exploiting Polymeric Films as a Multipurpose Drug Delivery System: a Review. AAPS PharmSciTech 2022; 23:269. [PMID: 36171494 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-022-02414-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymeric films are drug delivery systems that maintain contact with the delivery tissue and sustain a controlled release of therapeutic molecules. These systems allow a longer time of drug contact with the target site in the case of topical treatments and allow the controlled administration of drugs. They can be manufactured by various methods such as solvent casting, hot melt extrusion, electrospinning, and 3D bioprinting. Furthermore, they can employ various polymers, for example PVP, PVA, cellulose derivatives, chitosan, gelling gum, pectin, and alginate. Its versatility is also applicable to different routes of administration, as it can be administered to the skin, oral mucosa, vaginal canal, and eyeballs. All these factors allow numerous combinations to obtain a better treatment. This review focuses on exploring some possible ways to develop them and some particularities and advantages/disadvantages in each case. It also aims to show the versatility of these systems and the advantages and disadvantages in each case, as they bring the opportunity to develop different medicines to facilitate therapies for the most diverse purposes .
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Vincenzo Fiod Riccio
- Department of Drugs and Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Amanda Letícia Polli Silvestre
- Department of Drugs and Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andreia Bagliotti Meneguin
- Department of Drugs and Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tais de Cassia Ribeiro
- Department of Drugs and Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Beatriz Klosowski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ponta Grossa State University, Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Marlus Chorilli
- Department of Drugs and Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
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89
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Xu W, Xie X, Wu H, Wang X, Cai J, Xu Z, E S. Pulsed electromagnetic therapy in cancer treatment: Progress and outlook. VIEW 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/viw.20220029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Urban Rail Transit Intelligent Operation and Maintenance Technology & Equipment of Zhejiang Province College of Engineering Zhejiang Normal University Jinhua People's Republic of China
- Jinhua Intelligent Manufacturing Research Institute Jinhua People's Republic of China
| | - Xinjun Xie
- Key Laboratory of Urban Rail Transit Intelligent Operation and Maintenance Technology & Equipment of Zhejiang Province College of Engineering Zhejiang Normal University Jinhua People's Republic of China
- Jinhua Intelligent Manufacturing Research Institute Jinhua People's Republic of China
| | - Hanyang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Urban Rail Transit Intelligent Operation and Maintenance Technology & Equipment of Zhejiang Province College of Engineering Zhejiang Normal University Jinhua People's Republic of China
- Jinhua Intelligent Manufacturing Research Institute Jinhua People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolin Wang
- College of Mathematical Medicine Zhejiang Normal University Jinhua People's Republic of China
| | - Jiancheng Cai
- Key Laboratory of Urban Rail Transit Intelligent Operation and Maintenance Technology & Equipment of Zhejiang Province College of Engineering Zhejiang Normal University Jinhua People's Republic of China
- Jinhua Intelligent Manufacturing Research Institute Jinhua People's Republic of China
| | - Zisheng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Urban Rail Transit Intelligent Operation and Maintenance Technology & Equipment of Zhejiang Province College of Engineering Zhejiang Normal University Jinhua People's Republic of China
- Jinhua Intelligent Manufacturing Research Institute Jinhua People's Republic of China
| | - Shiju E
- Key Laboratory of Urban Rail Transit Intelligent Operation and Maintenance Technology & Equipment of Zhejiang Province College of Engineering Zhejiang Normal University Jinhua People's Republic of China
- Jinhua Intelligent Manufacturing Research Institute Jinhua People's Republic of China
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90
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Vitkin E, Singh A, Wise J, Ben-Elazar S, Yakhini Z, Golberg A. Nondestructive protein sampling with electroporation facilitates profiling of spatial differential protein expression in breast tumors in vivo. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15835. [PMID: 36151122 PMCID: PMC9508265 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19984-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Excision tissue biopsy, while central to cancer treatment and precision medicine, presents risks to the patient and does not provide a sufficiently broad and faithful representation of the heterogeneity of solid tumors. Here we introduce e-biopsy—a novel concept for molecular profiling of solid tumors using molecular sampling with electroporation. As e-biopsy provides access to the molecular composition of a solid tumor by permeabilization of the cell membrane, it facilitates tumor diagnostics without tissue resection. Furthermore, thanks to its non tissue destructive characteristics, e-biopsy enables probing the solid tumor multiple times in several distinct locations in the same procedure, thereby enabling the spatial profiling of tumor molecular heterogeneity.We demonstrate e-biopsy in vivo, using the 4T1 breast cancer model in mice to assess its performance, as well as the inferred spatial differential protein expression. In particular, we show that proteomic profiles obtained via e-biopsy in vivo distinguish the tumors from healthy breast tissue and reflect spatial tumor differential protein expression. E-biopsy provides a completely new molecular sampling modality for solid tumors molecular cartography, providing information that potentially enables more rapid and sensitive detection at lesser risk, as well as more precise personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Vitkin
- School of Computer Science, Reichman University (IDC Herzliya), Herzliya, Israel
| | - Amrita Singh
- Porter School of Environment and Earth Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Julia Wise
- Porter School of Environment and Earth Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shay Ben-Elazar
- School of Computer Science, Reichman University (IDC Herzliya), Herzliya, Israel
| | - Zohar Yakhini
- School of Computer Science, Reichman University (IDC Herzliya), Herzliya, Israel. .,Computer Science Faculty, Technion, Haifa, Israel.
| | - Alexander Golberg
- Porter School of Environment and Earth Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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91
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Real-Time Temperature Rise Estimation during Irreversible Electroporation Treatment through State-Space Modeling. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:bioengineering9100499. [PMID: 36290467 PMCID: PMC9598795 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9100499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the feasibility of real-time temperature monitoring during an electroporation-based therapy procedure, a data-driven state-space model was developed. Agar phantoms mimicking low conductivity (LC) and high conductivity (HC) tissues were tested under the influences of high (HV) and low (LV) applied voltages. Real-time changes in impedance, measured by Fourier Analysis SpecTroscopy (FAST) along with the known tissue conductivity and applied voltages, were used to train the model. A theoretical finite element model was used for external validation of the model, producing model fits of 95.8, 88.4, 90.7, and 93.7% at 4 mm and 93.2, 58.9, 90.0, and 90.1% at 10 mm for the HV-HC, LV-LC, HV-LC, and LV-HC groups, respectively. The proposed model suggests that real-time temperature monitoring may be achieved with good accuracy through the use of real-time impedance monitoring.
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92
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Benchakroun H, Ištuk N, Dunne E, Elahi MA, O’Halloran T, O’Halloran M, O’Loughlin D. Probe Contact Force Monitoring during Conductivity Measurements of the Left Atrial Appendage to Support the Design of Novel Diagnostic and Therapeutic Procedures. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:7171. [PMID: 36236269 PMCID: PMC9571177 DOI: 10.3390/s22197171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The electrical properties of many biological tissues are freely available from the INRC and the IT'IS databases. However, particularly in lower frequency ranges, few studies have investigated the optimal measurement protocol or the key confounders that need to be controlled, monitored, and reported. However, preliminary work suggests that the contact force of the measurement probe on the tissue sample can affect the measurements. The aim of this paper is to investigate the conductivity change due to the probe contact force in detail. Twenty ex vivo bovine heart samples are used, and conductivity measurements are taken in the Left Atrial Appendage, a common target for medical device developments. The conductivity measurements reported in this work (between 0.14 S/m and 0.24 S/m) align with the literature. The average conductivity is observed to change by -21% as the contact force increases from 2 N to 10 N. In contrast, in conditions where the fluid concentration in the measurement area is expected to be lower, very small changes are observed (less than 2.5%). These results suggest that the LAA conductivity is affected by the contact force due to the fluid concentration in the tissue. This work suggests that contact force should be controlled for in all future experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamza Benchakroun
- Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
- Translational Medical Device Laboratory, University of Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
| | - Niko Ištuk
- Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
- Translational Medical Device Laboratory, University of Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
| | - Eoghan Dunne
- School of Medicine, University of Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
| | - Muhammad Adnan Elahi
- Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
- Translational Medical Device Laboratory, University of Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
| | - Tony O’Halloran
- Aurigen Medical, Atlantic Technological University (ATU) Innovation Hub, H91 FD73 Galway, Ireland
| | - Martin O’Halloran
- Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
- Translational Medical Device Laboratory, University of Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
| | - Declan O’Loughlin
- Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
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93
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Bendix MB, Houston A, Forde PF, Brint E. Defining optimal parameters to maximize the effect of electrochemotherapy on lung cancer cells whilst preserving the integrity of immune cells. Bioelectrochemistry 2022; 148:108257. [PMID: 36116295 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2022.108257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Electrochemotherapy (ECT) is becoming an established therapy for melanoma and is under investigation for application in additional cancer types. One potential cancer type that may benefit from ECT is lung cancer as lung cancer treatments remain unable to deliver long-lasting treatment responses. Given the importance of the immune system in lung cancer, here we have also examined the impact of ECT on immune populations. The impact of electroporation and ECT on three human lung cancer cell lines (A549, H460, SK-MES 1), one murine cell line (LLC) and murine T cells, dendritic cells and macrophages was examined. The viability, metabolic activity and recovery potential post-treatment of all cell types was determined to evaluate the potential utility of ECT as a lung cancer treatment. Our findings demonstrate that cisplatin at 11 µM would be the suggested drug of choice when using ECT for lung cancer treatment. Our study also shows that T cells are not impacted by any tested condition, whilst dendritic cells and macrophages are significantly negatively impacted by electric field strengths surpassing 800 V/cm in vitro. Therefore, current ECT protocols (using 1000 V/cm in vivo) might need to adapted to improve viability of the immune population, thus improving therapy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maura B Bendix
- Cancer Research @ UCC, University College Cork, Ireland; Department of Medicine, University College Cork, Ireland; Department of Pathology, University College Cork, Ireland; APC Microbiome Ireland, Ireland
| | - Aileen Houston
- Department of Medicine, University College Cork, Ireland; APC Microbiome Ireland, Ireland
| | | | - Elizabeth Brint
- Department of Pathology, University College Cork, Ireland; APC Microbiome Ireland, Ireland.
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94
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Ahmadi Kamalabadi M, Neshastehriz A, Ghaznavi H, Amini SM. Folate functionalized gold-coated magnetic nanoparticles effect in combined electroporation and radiation treatment of HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancer. Med Oncol 2022; 39:196. [PMID: 36071293 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-022-01780-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The rate of HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancer incidence is increasing, especially in the young population. While these patients show good responses to radiotherapy. The major complication of radiotherapy is normal tissue involvement. Thus, finding an effective treatment method is essential. Multimodal therapy with the lowest side effect could be an effective treatment method. Theranostic gold magnetic core-shell nanostructure was developed as a platform for multimodal therapy of HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancer. The folate functionalized gold-magnetic core-shell nanostructure has been synthesized in a stepwise approach and characterized with various techniques including TEM, UV-Vis, and FTIR spectroscopy. KB was selected as a host for HPV and folate receptor-positive cancer. HGF as normal cell lines was selected. Both cell lines have been treated with nanoparticles, electric field and radiotherapy, either separately or in combination. Cell viability and apoptosis rate were determined by MTT and flow cytometry assay. In addition, cellular uptake of the nanoparticles was measured by ICP-OES analysis. The average size of folate functionalized gold-magnetic core-shell nanostructure was 13.8 ± 6.4 nm. A characteristic plasmonic peak of gold nanoshells was observed in the UV-Vis spectrum. The functionalization of synthesized nanostructure was confirmed with FTIR spectroscopy. None of the treatments alone can cause a significant death in cancerous cells. Combination treatments can increase cancer cell mortality and increase the proportion of apoptotic cells in them. Furthermore, it has been observed that the electric field enhanced the cellular uptake of nanoparticles just in cancerous cells. Based on our findings, we conclude that the combination of folate functionalized nanoparticles and electroporation opens a new way to improve radiation therapy efficacy of HPV-positive cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdieh Ahmadi Kamalabadi
- Radiation Biology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Radiation Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Neshastehriz
- Radiation Biology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Radiation Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Habib Ghaznavi
- Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Amini
- Radiation Biology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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95
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Aleksanyan M, Lira RB, Steinkühler J, Dimova R. GM1 asymmetry in the membrane stabilizes pores. Biophys J 2022; 121:3295-3302. [PMID: 35668647 PMCID: PMC9463649 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2022.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell membranes are highly asymmetric and their stability against poration is crucial for survival. We investigated the influence of membrane asymmetry on electroporation of giant unilamellar vesicles with membranes doped with GM1, a ganglioside asymmetrically enriched in the outer leaflet of neuronal cell membranes. Compared with symmetric membranes, the lifetimes of micronsized pores are about an order of magnitude longer suggesting that pores are stabilized by GM1. Internal membrane nanotubes caused by the GM1 asymmetry, obstruct and additionally slow down pore closure, effectively reducing pore edge tension and leading to leaky membranes. Our results point to the drastic effects this ganglioside can have on pore resealing in biotechnology applications based on poration as well as on membrane repair processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Aleksanyan
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Science Park Golm, 14476 Potsdam, Germany; Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rafael B Lira
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Science Park Golm, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Jan Steinkühler
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Science Park Golm, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Rumiana Dimova
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Science Park Golm, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.
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96
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Han X, Zhang N, Zhang Y, Li Z, Wang Y, Mao L, He T, Li Q, Zhao J, Chen X, Li Y, Qin Z, Lv Y, Ren F. Survival model database of human digestive system cells exposed to electroporation pulses: An in vitro and in silico study. Front Public Health 2022; 10:948562. [PMID: 36133930 PMCID: PMC9484541 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.948562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and objectives This study aimed to establish a mathematical survival model database containing cell-specific coefficients from human digestive system cells exposed to electroporation pulses (EPs). Materials and methods A total of 20 types of human digestive system cell lines were selected to investigate the effect of EPs on cell viability. Cell viability was measured after exposure to various pulse settings, and a cell survival model was established using the Peleg-Fermi model. Next, the cell-specific coefficients of each cell line were determined. Results Cell viability tended to decrease when exposed to stronger electric field strength (EFS), longer pulse duration, and more pulse number, but the decreasing tendency varied among different cell lines. When exposed to a lower EFS (<1,000 V/cm), only a slight decrease in cell viability occurred. All cell lines showed a similar tendency: the extent of electrical injury (EI) increased with the increase in pulse number and duration. However, there existed differences in heat sensitivity among organs. Conclusions This database can be used for the application of electroporation-based treatment (EBT) in the digestive system to predict cell survival and tissue injury distribution during the treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Han
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China,National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Nana Zhang
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China,Institute of Regenerative and Reconstructive Medicine, Med-X Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuchi Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China,National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhuoqun Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China,National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yingxue Wang
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China,Institute of Regenerative and Reconstructive Medicine, Med-X Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lujing Mao
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China,Institute of Regenerative and Reconstructive Medicine, Med-X Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tianshuai He
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China,Institute of Regenerative and Reconstructive Medicine, Med-X Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qingshan Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China,National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiawen Zhao
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xue Chen
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yixuan Li
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zitong Qin
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yi Lv
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China,National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China,Institute of Regenerative and Reconstructive Medicine, Med-X Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China,*Correspondence: Yi Lv
| | - Fenggang Ren
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China,National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China,Fenggang Ren
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97
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Design, Development, and Testing of a Device for Gene Electrotransfer to Skin Cells In Vivo. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14091826. [PMID: 36145573 PMCID: PMC9505516 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14091826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene electrotransfer (GET) is considered one of the most efficient, safe, reproducible, and cost-effective methods of gene therapy, in which a gene is delivered to the cells in the form of a plasmid DNA vector by a method known as electroporation. To achieve successful electroporation, cells must be exposed to sufficiently high electric fields generated by short-duration, high-voltage electrical pulses that result in a temporary increase in plasma membrane permeability. The electrical pulses are generated by pulse generators (electroporators) and delivered to the cells via electrodes (applicators). However, there is a lack of standardized pulse delivery protocols as well as certified clinical pulse generators and applicators for gene delivery. In this paper, the development of a new pulse generator, applicator, and pulse delivery protocol for GET to skin cells is presented. A numerical model of electroporated skin developed and tested for two electrode configurations and two different pulse delivery protocols is also presented. An alternative pulse delivery protocol was proposed. The developed pulse generator, applicator, and the proposed pulse delivery protocol were then used in vivo for GET to skin cells in mice. The results showed high efficiency of the proposed pulse delivery protocol for the purpose of GET in mouse skin cells. Specifically, electroporation with the developed pulse generator, applicator, and proposed pulse delivery protocol resulted in higher gene expression in skin cells compared to the currently used pulse generator, applicator, and pulse delivery protocol.
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98
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Treatment of skin tumors with intratumoral interleukin 12 gene electrotransfer in the head and neck region: a first-in-human clinical trial protocol. Radiol Oncol 2022; 56:398-408. [PMID: 35535423 PMCID: PMC9400442 DOI: 10.2478/raon-2022-0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune therapies are currently under intensive investigation providing in many cases excellent responses in different tumors. Other possible approach for immunotherapy is a targeted intratumoral delivery of interleukin 12 (IL-12), a cytokine with anti-tumor effectiveness. Due to its immunomodulatory action, it can be used as an imunostimulating component to in situ vaccinating effect of local ablative therapies. We have developed a phIL12 plasmid devoid of antibiotic resistance marker with a transgene for human IL-12 p70 protein. The plasmid can be delivered intratumorally by gene electrotransfer (GET). PATIENTS AND METHODS Here we present a first-in-human clinical trial protocol for phIL12 GET (ISRCTN15479959, ClinicalTrials NCT05077033). The study is aimed at evaluating the safety and tolerability of phIL12 GET in treatment of basal cell carcinomas in patients with operable tumors in the head and neck region. The study is designed as an exploratory, dose escalating study with the aim to determine the safety and tolerability of the treatment and to identify the dose of plasmid phIL12 that is safe and elicits its biological activity. CONCLUSIONS The results of this trail protocol will therefore provide the basis for the use of phIL12 GET as an adjuvant treatment to local ablative therapies, to potentially increase their local and elicit a systemic response.
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99
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Gao X, Zhang Y, Han X, Li Z, Chen B, Li Q, Hu L, Lv Y, Ren F. Numerical analysis and animal study of noninvasive handheld electroporation delivery device for skin superficial lesion treatment. Int J Hyperthermia 2022; 39:1017-1025. [PMID: 35912525 DOI: 10.1080/02656736.2022.2104937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aims to investigate the feasibility of a noninvasive handheld electroporation pulses delivery device (EPDD) for electroporation-based treatment (EBT) of skin superficial lesions through numerical analysis and animal study. METHODS Finite element analysis was performed to investigate the performance of the EPDD. The electric field, temperature, EI and TI were calculated under pulse voltages of 600, 800, and 1000 V. A mouse subcutaneous tumor model was established to evaluate the performance of the EPDD through histopathology and survival analyses. RESULTS The electrical field strength increased from 151 (600 V) to 252 V/cm (1000 V) in the skin and from 1302 (600 V) to 2171 V/cm (1000 V) in the tumor. The volume of EI grew and reached a plateau at the 165th pulse, whereas the maximum volume of EI increased with higher voltage. The growth tendency of TI differed between groups, and it was higher in the high-voltage group (HVG) than in the low-voltage group. Histopathological analysis showed that the depth and range of the ablation area could be controlled by adjusting pulse voltage. Survival analysis showed that the survival of the HVG was better than that of the low-voltage and the control group (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrate that the EPDD is feasible, safe, and effective for skin EBT. The volume of EP tissue injury can be controlled by adjusting the pulse voltage, pulse number, and other parameters. The proposed noninvasive handheld EPDD can be a potential therapeutic tool for EBT of superficial skin lesions in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuyao Gao
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuchi Zhang
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Electrical Science and Technology Research Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xuan Han
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhuoqun Li
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Bowen Chen
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qingshan Li
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Liangshuo Hu
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yi Lv
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fenggang Ren
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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Jafari S, Baum IS, Udalov OG, Lee Y, Rodriguez O, Fricke ST, Jafari M, Amini M, Probst R, Tang X, Chen C, Ariando DJ, Hevaganinge A, Mair LO, Albanese C, Weinberg IN. Opening the Blood Brain Barrier with an Electropermanent Magnet System. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:1503. [PMID: 35890398 PMCID: PMC9317373 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14071503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Opening the blood brain barrier (BBB) under imaging guidance may be useful for the treatment of many brain disorders. Rapidly applied magnetic fields have the potential to generate electric fields in brain tissue that, if properly timed, may enable safe and effective BBB opening. By tuning magnetic pulses generated by a novel electropermanent magnet (EPM) array, we demonstrate the opening of tight junctions in a BBB model culture in vitro, and show that induced monophasic electrical pulses are more effective than biphasic ones. We confirmed, with in vivo contrast-enhanced MRI, that the BBB can be opened with monophasic pulses. As electropermanent magnets have demonstrated efficacy at tuning B0 fields for magnetic resonance imaging studies, our results suggest the possibility of implementing an EPM-based hybrid theragnostic device that could both image the brain and enhance drug transport across the BBB in a single sitting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Jafari
- Weinberg Medical Physics, Inc., North Bethesda, MD 20852, USA; (S.J.); (I.S.B.); (O.G.U.); (X.T.); (C.C.); (A.H.); (L.O.M.)
| | - Ittai S. Baum
- Weinberg Medical Physics, Inc., North Bethesda, MD 20852, USA; (S.J.); (I.S.B.); (O.G.U.); (X.T.); (C.C.); (A.H.); (L.O.M.)
| | - Oleg G. Udalov
- Weinberg Medical Physics, Inc., North Bethesda, MD 20852, USA; (S.J.); (I.S.B.); (O.G.U.); (X.T.); (C.C.); (A.H.); (L.O.M.)
| | - Yichien Lee
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA; (Y.L.); (O.R.); (S.T.F.); (C.A.)
| | - Olga Rodriguez
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA; (Y.L.); (O.R.); (S.T.F.); (C.A.)
- Center for Translational Imaging, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Stanley T. Fricke
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA; (Y.L.); (O.R.); (S.T.F.); (C.A.)
- Center for Translational Imaging, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
- Department of Radiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Maryam Jafari
- Independent Consultant, Oklahoma City, OK 73134, USA;
| | - Mostafa Amini
- Department of Management Science and Information Systems, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA;
| | | | - Xinyao Tang
- Weinberg Medical Physics, Inc., North Bethesda, MD 20852, USA; (S.J.); (I.S.B.); (O.G.U.); (X.T.); (C.C.); (A.H.); (L.O.M.)
| | - Cheng Chen
- Weinberg Medical Physics, Inc., North Bethesda, MD 20852, USA; (S.J.); (I.S.B.); (O.G.U.); (X.T.); (C.C.); (A.H.); (L.O.M.)
| | - David J. Ariando
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA;
| | - Anjana Hevaganinge
- Weinberg Medical Physics, Inc., North Bethesda, MD 20852, USA; (S.J.); (I.S.B.); (O.G.U.); (X.T.); (C.C.); (A.H.); (L.O.M.)
| | - Lamar O. Mair
- Weinberg Medical Physics, Inc., North Bethesda, MD 20852, USA; (S.J.); (I.S.B.); (O.G.U.); (X.T.); (C.C.); (A.H.); (L.O.M.)
| | - Christopher Albanese
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA; (Y.L.); (O.R.); (S.T.F.); (C.A.)
- Center for Translational Imaging, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
- Department of Radiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Irving N. Weinberg
- Weinberg Medical Physics, Inc., North Bethesda, MD 20852, USA; (S.J.); (I.S.B.); (O.G.U.); (X.T.); (C.C.); (A.H.); (L.O.M.)
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