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Jaffe E, Niswander L. Loss of Grhl3 is correlated with altered cellular protrusions in the non-neural ectoderm during neural tube closure. Dev Dyn 2021; 250:732-744. [PMID: 33378081 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The transcription factor Grainyhead-like 3 (GRHL3) has multiple roles in a variety of tissues during development including epithelial patterning and actin cytoskeletal regulation. During neural tube closure (NTC) in the mouse embryo, GRHL3 is expressed and functions in the non-neural ectoderm (NNE). Two important functions of GRHL3 are regulating the actin cytoskeleton during NTC and regulating the boundary between the NNE and neural ectoderm. However, an open question that remains is whether these functions explain the caudally restricted neural tube defect (NTD) of spina bifida observed in Grhl3 mutants. RESULTS Using scanning electron microscopy and immunofluorescence based imaging on Grhl3 mutants and wildtype controls, we show that GRHL3 is dispensable for NNE identity or epithelial maintenance in the caudal NNE but is needed for regulation of cellular protrusions during NTC. Grhl3 mutants have decreased lamellipodia relative to wildtype embryos during caudal NTC, first observed at the onset of delays when lamellipodia become prominent in wildtype embryos. At the axial level of NTD, half of the mutants show increased and disorganized filopodia and half lack cellular protrusions. CONCLUSION These data suggest that altered cellular protrusions during NTC contribute to the etiology of NTD in Grhl3 mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Jaffe
- Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Lee Niswander
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
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Pregnancy-Related Extracellular Vesicles Revisited. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22083904. [PMID: 33918880 PMCID: PMC8068855 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22083904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small vesicles ranging from 20–200 nm to 10 μm in diameter that are discharged and taken in by many different types of cells. Depending on the nature and quantity of their content—which generally includes proteins, lipids as well as microRNAs (miRNAs), messenger-RNA (mRNA), and DNA—these particles can bring about functional modifications in the receiving cells. During pregnancy, placenta and/or fetal-derived EVs have recently been isolated, eliciting interest in discovering their clinical significance. To date, various studies have associated variations in the circulating levels of maternal and fetal EVs and their contents, with complications including gestational diabetes and preeclampsia, ultimately leading to adverse pregnancy outcomes. Furthermore, EVs have also been identified as messengers and important players in viral infections during pregnancy, as well as in various congenital malformations. Their presence can be detected in the maternal blood from the first trimester and their level increases towards term, thus acting as liquid biopsies that give invaluable insight into the status of the feto-placental unit. However, their exact roles in the metabolic and vascular adaptations associated with physiological and pathological pregnancy is still under investigation. Analyzing peer-reviewed journal articles available in online databases, the purpose of this review is to synthesize current knowledge regarding the utility of quantification of pregnancy related EVs in general and placental EVs in particular as non-invasive evidence of placental dysfunction and adverse pregnancy outcomes, and to develop the current understanding of these particles and their applicability in clinical practice.
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Moussa M, Papatsoris AG, Chakra MA, Fares Y, Dabboucy B, Dellis A. Perspectives on urological care in spina bifida patients. Intractable Rare Dis Res 2021; 10:1-10. [PMID: 33614369 PMCID: PMC7882087 DOI: 10.5582/irdr.2020.03077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Spina bifida (SB) is a neurogenetic disorder with a complex etiology that involves genetic and environmental factors. SB can occur in two major forms of open SB or SB aperta and closed SB or SB occulta. Myelomeningocele (MMC), the most common neural tube defects (NTDs), occurs in approximately 1 in 1,000 births. Considering non-genetic factors, diminished folate status is the best-known factor influencing NTD risk. The methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene has been implicated as a risk factor for NTDs. The primary disorder in the pathogenesis of MMC is failed neural tube closure in the embryonic spinal region. The clinical manifestation of SB depends on clinical type and severity. SB can be detected in the second trimester using ultrasound which will reveal specific cranial signs. The management of MMC traditionally involves surgery within 48 h of birth. Prenatal repair of MMC is recommended for fetuses who meet maternal and fetal Management of Myelomeningocele Study (MOMS) specified criteria. Urological manifestations of SB include urinary incontinence, urolithiasis, sexual dysfunction, renal dysfunction, and urinary tract infection. Renal failure is among the most severe complications of SB. The most important role of the urologist is the management of neurogenic bladder. Medical management with clean intermittent catheterization and anticholinergic treatment is generally considered the gold standard of therapy. However, when this therapy fails surgical reconstruction become the only remaining option. This review will summarize the pathogenesis, risk factors, genetic contribution, diagnostic test, and management of SB. Lastly, the urologic outcomes and therapies are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Moussa
- Urology Department, Zahraa Hospital, University Medical Center, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Athanasios G. Papatsoris
- 2nd Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Sismanoglio Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Mohamad Abou Chakra
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Youssef Fares
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Research Center, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Baraa Dabboucy
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Athanasios Dellis
- Department of Urology/General Surgery, Areteion Hospital, Athens, Greece
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Pasi R, Ravi K, Divasha, Hassan S, Mittra S, Kumar R. Neural tube defects: Different types and brief review of neurulation process and its clinical implication. J Family Med Prim Care 2021; 10:4383-4390. [PMID: 35280642 PMCID: PMC8884297 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_904_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural Tube Defects are the most typical congenital malformations, with almost 300,000 cases annually worldwide. The incidence varies amongst geographical ranges from 0.2 to up to 11 per 1000 live births. In India, incidence is reportedly higher in north than south and can be attributable to diet and genetic variances. Etiology is multifactorial. Severe forms of whitethorn are allied with syndromes. Primary neurulation and secondary neurulation are the most crucial steps in the formation and closure of the neural tube; any interruption can lead to mild to severe NTDs depending on the level of insult during embryogenesis. Various molecular and cellular events take place simultaneously for neural tube bending and closure of the neural tube. Neurological deficit in the newborn is contingent on the level of defect and severity of the structures affected. Survival of the newborn also depends on the severity of the lesion. Folic acid supplementation in all prospective mothers, preferably 4 weeks before conception and at least 12 weeks after conception, can prevent NTDs in folic responsive groups. But there is a significant number of other causes leading to neural tube defects apart from folic acid. Hydrocephalus is the commonest abnormality allied with NTDs in syndromic cases.
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55
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Jacobs CT, Huang P. Complex crosstalk of Notch and Hedgehog signalling during the development of the central nervous system. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:635-644. [PMID: 32880661 PMCID: PMC11072263 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03627-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The development of the vertebrate central nervous system (CNS) is tightly regulated by many highly conserved cell signalling pathways. These pathways ensure that differentiation and migration events occur in a specific and spatiotemporally restricted manner. Two of these pathways, Notch and Hedgehog (Hh) signalling, have been shown to form a complex web of interaction throughout different stages of CNS development. Strikingly, some processes employ Notch signalling to regulate Hh response, while others utilise Hh signalling to modulate Notch response. Notch signalling functions upstream of Hh response through controlling the trafficking of integral pathway components as well as through modulating protein levels and transcription of downstream transcriptional factors. In contrast, Hh signalling regulates Notch response by either indirectly controlling expression of key Notch ligands and regulatory proteins or directly through transcriptional control of canonical Notch target genes. Here, we review these interactions and demonstrate the level of interconnectivity between the pathways, highlighting context-dependent modes of crosstalk. Since many other developmental signalling pathways are active in these tissues, it is likely that the interplay between Notch and Hh signalling is not only an example of signalling crosstalk but also functions as a component of a wider, multi-pathway signalling network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig T Jacobs
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Peng Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada.
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Cheng Q, Gao L. Maternal serum zinc concentration and neural tube defects in offspring: a meta-analysis. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2020; 35:4644-4652. [PMID: 33350875 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2020.1860930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was to assess the relationship between maternal serum zinc concentration and NTDs in offspring by conducting a meta-analysis. METHODS We searched Pubmed, Medline and Web of Science for all English studies about the relationship between maternal serum zinc level and NTDs in offspring (published between 1 January 1975 and 1 January 2020). Pooled effect sizes with corresponding 95% CIs were calculated using a random-effect model by Revman 5.3 and Stata 15.1 software. RESULTS Eight articles met our selection criteria and a total of 187 cases and 894 controls were included in this meta-analysis. Our results showed that mothers with NTDs infants had lower serum zinc concentration than those with healthy infants (SMD= -0.77, 95%CI [-1.16, -0.37], p = .0001, I 2 = 73%). CONCLUSIONS Compared with mothers with healthy infants, mothers with NTDs infants have lower serum zinc levels, suggesting that low maternal serum zinc level during pregnancy is probably associated with the risk of NTDs in offspring. But the mechanism of the association remains to be ascertained by large-scale cohort studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- QianHui Cheng
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - LiJie Gao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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57
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Gross N, Taylor T, Crenshaw T, Khatib H. The Intergenerational Impacts of Paternal Diet on DNA Methylation and Offspring Phenotypes in Sheep. Front Genet 2020; 11:597943. [PMID: 33250925 PMCID: PMC7674940 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.597943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowledge of non-genomic inheritance of traits is currently limited. Although it is well established that maternal diet influences offspring inheritance of traits through DNA methylation, studies on the impact of prepubertal paternal diet on DNA methylation are rare. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of prepubertal diet in Polypay rams on complex traits, DNA methylation, and transmission of traits to offspring. A total of 10 littermate pairs of F0 rams were divided so that one ram was fed a control diet, and the other was fed the control diet with supplemental methionine. Diet was associated with earlier age at puberty in treatment vs. control F0 rams. F0 treatment rams tended to show decreased pubertal weight compared to control rams; however, no differences were detected in overall growth. A total of ten F0 rams were bred, and the entire F1 generation was fed a control diet. Diet of F0 rams had a significant association with scrotal circumference (SC) and weight at puberty of F1 offspring. The paternal diet was not significantly associated with F1 ram growth or age at puberty. The DNA methylation of F0 ram sperm was assessed, and genes related to both sexual development (e.g., DAZAP1, CHD7, TAB1, MTMR2, CELSR1, MGAT1) and body weight (e.g., DUOX2, DUOXA2) were prevalent in the data. These results provide novel information about the mechanisms through which the prepubertal paternal diet may alter body weight at puberty and sexual development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Gross
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Todd Taylor
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Thomas Crenshaw
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Hasan Khatib
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
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58
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Brown HM, Murray SA, Northrup H, Au KS, Niswander LA. Snx3 is important for mammalian neural tube closure via its role in canonical and non-canonical WNT signaling. Development 2020; 147:147/22/dev192518. [PMID: 33214242 DOI: 10.1242/dev.192518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Disruptions in neural tube (NT) closure result in neural tube defects (NTDs). To understand the molecular processes required for mammalian NT closure, we investigated the role of Snx3, a sorting nexin gene. Snx3-/- mutant mouse embryos display a fully-penetrant cranial NTD. In vivo, we observed decreased canonical WNT target gene expression in the cranial neural epithelium of the Snx3-/- embryos and a defect in convergent extension of the neural epithelium. Snx3-/- cells show decreased WNT secretion, and live cell imaging reveals aberrant recycling of the WNT ligand-binding protein WLS and mis-trafficking to the lysosome for degradation. The importance of SNX3 in WNT signaling regulation is demonstrated by rescue of NT closure in Snx3-/- embryos with a WNT agonist. The potential for SNX3 to function in human neurulation is revealed by a point mutation identified in an NTD-affected individual that results in functionally impaired SNX3 that does not colocalize with WLS and the degradation of WLS in the lysosome. These data indicate that Snx3 is crucial for NT closure via its role in recycling WLS in order to control levels of WNT signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather Mary Brown
- Cell Biology, Stem Cells, and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.,Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | | | - Hope Northrup
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Kit Sing Au
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Lee A Niswander
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
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59
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Yadav U, Kumar P, Rai V. Maternal biomarkers for early prediction of the neural tube defects pregnancies. Birth Defects Res 2020; 113:589-600. [PMID: 33188559 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neural tube defects (NTD) are one of the most common congenital birth defects. The reason for the NTD cause is still not completely known, but it is believed that some genetic and environmental factors might play a role in its etiology. Among the genetic factors the polymorphism in the folate gene pathway is crucial. Numerous studies have suggested the possible role of maternal higher plasma concentration of homocysteine and low concentration of folate and cobalamin in the development of NTD but some negative studies are also published. AIM Aim of the present was to find out the exact relation between NTD and maternal biomarkers like folate, cobalamin and homocysteine by conducting a meta-analysis. METHOD Different electronic databases were searched for the eligible studies. Standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to determine association between maternal markers as risk for NTD pregnancy. The p value <0.05 was considered statistically significant in all tests. All the statistical analyses were done in the Open Meta-Analyst program. RESULTS The homocysteine is significantly associated with the increased risk of NTD (SMD = 0.57; 95% CI: 0.35-0.80, p = <0.001; I2 = 93.01%), s-folate showed protective role in NTD (SMD = -0.48; 95% CI: -0.77 to -0.19, p = 0.001; I2 = 95.73%), similarly cobalamin is also having protective role (SMD = -0.28; 95% CI: -0.43 to -0.13, p = <0.001; I2 = 80.40%). CONCLUSION In conclusion this study suggest that different maternal biomarkers may be used for the early prediction of the NTDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Upendra Yadav
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, VBS Purvanchal University, Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, VBS Purvanchal University, Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vandana Rai
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, VBS Purvanchal University, Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
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60
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Innis SM, Cabot B. GBAF, a small BAF sub-complex with big implications: a systematic review. Epigenetics Chromatin 2020; 13:48. [PMID: 33143733 PMCID: PMC7607862 DOI: 10.1186/s13072-020-00370-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling by histone-modifying enzymes and chromatin remodeling complexes is crucial for maintaining chromatin organization and facilitating gene transcription. In the SWI/SNF family of ATP-dependent chromatin remodelers, distinct complexes such as BAF, PBAF, GBAF, esBAF and npBAF/nBAF are of particular interest regarding their implications in cellular differentiation and development, as well as in various diseases. The recently identified BAF subcomplex GBAF is no exception to this, and information is emerging linking this complex and its components to crucial events in mammalian development. Furthermore, given the essential nature of many of its subunits in maintaining effective chromatin remodeling function, it comes as no surprise that aberrant expression of GBAF complex components is associated with disease development, including neurodevelopmental disorders and numerous malignancies. It becomes clear that building upon our knowledge of GBAF and BAF complex function will be essential for advancements in both mammalian reproductive applications and the development of more effective therapeutic interventions and strategies. Here, we review the roles of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling subcomplex GBAF and its subunits in mammalian development and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Innis
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Birgit Cabot
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
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61
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Brooks ER, Islam MT, Anderson KV, Zallen JA. Sonic hedgehog signaling directs patterned cell remodeling during cranial neural tube closure. eLife 2020; 9:60234. [PMID: 33103996 PMCID: PMC7655103 DOI: 10.7554/elife.60234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural tube closure defects are a major cause of infant mortality, with exencephaly accounting for nearly one-third of cases. However, the mechanisms of cranial neural tube closure are not well understood. Here, we show that this process involves a tissue-wide pattern of apical constriction controlled by Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling. Midline cells in the mouse midbrain neuroepithelium are flat with large apical surfaces, whereas lateral cells are taller and undergo synchronous apical constriction, driving neural fold elevation. Embryos lacking the Shh effector Gli2 fail to produce appropriate midline cell architecture, whereas embryos with expanded Shh signaling, including the IFT-A complex mutants Ift122 and Ttc21b and embryos expressing activated Smoothened, display apical constriction defects in lateral cells. Disruption of lateral, but not midline, cell remodeling results in exencephaly. These results reveal a morphogenetic program of patterned apical constriction governed by Shh signaling that generates structural changes in the developing mammalian brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric R Brooks
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, United States
| | - Mohammed Tarek Islam
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, United States
| | - Kathryn V Anderson
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, United States
| | - Jennifer A Zallen
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, United States
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Impact of extracellular folic acid levels on oviductal gene expression. Theriogenology 2020; 154:161-170. [PMID: 32622196 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Folate plays a specific role as methyl donor for nucleotide synthesis and genomic methylation patterns, which in turn are important epigenetic determinants in gene expression. Previous studies have revealed the presence of folate in bovine oviductal fluid as well as the existence of a fine-tuned regulation of the gene expression of folate receptors and transporters in bovine oviduct epithelial cells (BOECs). However, the functional implications of folate in the oviduct remain unknown. The present study aimed to assess the effect of folic acid (FA) on expression levels of selected genes that potentially respond to the folate status in in vitro BOECs. To obtain an insight into the optimization of a culture system for assays, gene expression of folate receptors and transporters was compared between BOECs grown in monolayers and in suspension. The results showed that BOECs from isthmus and ampulla in suspension culture better preserved the region-dependent gene expression profile than in monolayers. Subsequently, BOECs from both anatomical regions were separately cultured in suspension for 24 h assaying different FA concentrations: I) TCM-199 (control); II) TCM-199 + 1 μM FA (similar to the oviduct concentration); III) TCM-199 + 10 μM FA and IV) TCM-199 + 100 μM FA. Expression analysis of genes related to important cellular processes including folate transport, DNA methylation, cell-cell interaction, antioxidant activity and signaling pathways was performed in BOECs using RT-qPCR. Our data demonstrated that addition of 1 μM FA did not affect mRNA levels of most genes analyzed. In contrast, BOECs cultured with 10 μM FA exhibited increased mRNA expression levels of genes involved in folate intake, DNA methylation and antioxidant protection. It is worth noting that at 100 μM FA, transcriptional response in BOECs mainly resulted in decreased mRNA levels of the majority of the genes assayed. Interestingly, cytotoxicity analysis showed a similar LDH activity in the culture media of the experimental groups, indicating that cell integrity was not affected by the FA concentrations assayed. In conclusion, our findings suggest that folate can affect BOECs, promoting changes in gene activity in a framework of functional readjustments in response to environmental conditions.
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63
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Sundararajan V, Pang QY, Choolani M, Huang RYJ. Spotlight on the Granules (Grainyhead-Like Proteins) - From an Evolutionary Conserved Controller of Epithelial Trait to Pioneering the Chromatin Landscape. Front Mol Biosci 2020; 7:213. [PMID: 32974388 PMCID: PMC7471608 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.00213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the transcription factors that are conserved across phylogeny, the grainyhead family holds vital roles in driving the epithelial cell fate. In Drosophila, the function of grainyhead (grh) gene is essential during developmental processes such as epithelial differentiation, tracheal tube formation, maintenance of wing and hair polarity, and epidermal barrier wound repair. Three main mammalian orthologs of grh: Grainyhead-like 1-3 (GRHL1, GRHL2, and GRHL3) are highly conserved in terms of their gene structures and functions. GRHL proteins are essentially associated with the development and maintenance of the epithelial phenotype across diverse physiological conditions such as epidermal differentiation and craniofacial development as well as pathological functions including hearing impairment and neural tube defects. More importantly, through direct chromatin binding and induction of epigenetic alterations, GRHL factors function as potent suppressors of oncogenic cellular dedifferentiation program – epithelial-mesenchymal transition and its associated tumor-promoting phenotypes such as tumor cell migration and invasion. On the contrary, GRHL factors also induce pro-tumorigenic effects such as increased migration and anchorage-independent growth in certain tumor types. Furthermore, investigations focusing on the epithelial-specific activation of grh and GRHL factors have revealed that these factors potentially act as a pioneer factor in establishing a cell-type/cell-state specific accessible chromatin landscape that is exclusive for epithelial gene transcription. In this review, we highlight the essential roles of grh and GRHL factors during embryogenesis and pathogenesis, with a special focus on its emerging pioneering function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vignesh Sundararajan
- Center for Translational Medicine, Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Qing You Pang
- Center for Translational Medicine, Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mahesh Choolani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ruby Yun-Ju Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Oncology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Fame RM, Lehtinen MK. Emergence and Developmental Roles of the Cerebrospinal Fluid System. Dev Cell 2020; 52:261-275. [PMID: 32049038 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2020.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We summarize recent work illuminating how cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) regulates brain function. More than a protective fluid cushion and sink for waste, the CSF is an integral CNS component with dynamic and diverse roles emerging in parallel with the developing CNS. This review examines the current understanding about early CSF and its maturation and roles during CNS development and discusses open questions in the field. We focus on developmental changes in the ventricular system and CSF sources (including neural progenitors and choroid plexus). We also discuss concepts related to the development of fluid dynamics including flow, perivascular transport, drainage, and barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryann M Fame
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Maria K Lehtinen
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Zou J, Wang F, Yang X, Wang H, Niswander L, Zhang T, Li H. Association between rare variants in specific functional pathways and human neural tube defects multiple subphenotypes. Neural Dev 2020; 15:8. [PMID: 32650820 PMCID: PMC7353782 DOI: 10.1186/s13064-020-00145-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neural tube defects (NTDs) are failure of neural tube closure, which includes multiple central nervous system phenotypes. More than 300 mouse mutant strains exhibits NTDs phenotypes and give us some clues to establish association between biological functions and subphenotypes. However, the knowledge about association in human remains still very poor. METHODS High throughput targeted genome DNA sequencing were performed on 280 neural tube closure-related genes in 355 NTDs cases and 225 ethnicity matched controls, RESULTS: We explored that potential damaging rare variants in genes functioning in chromatin modification, apoptosis, retinoid metabolism and lipid metabolism are associated with human NTDs. Importantly, our data indicate that except for planar cell polarity pathway, craniorachischisis is also genetically related with chromatin modification and retinoid metabolism. Furthermore, single phenotype in cranial or spinal regions displays significant association with specific biological function, such as anencephaly is associated with potentially damaging rare variants in genes functioning in chromatin modification, encephalocele is associated with apoptosis, retinoid metabolism and one carbon metabolism, spina bifida aperta and spina bifida cystica are associated with apoptosis; lumbar sacral spina bifida aperta and spina bifida occulta are associated with lipid metabolism. By contrast, complex phenotypes in both cranial and spinal regions display association with various biological functions given the different phenotypes. CONCLUSIONS Our study links genetic variant to subphenotypes of human NTDs and provides a preliminary but direct clue to investigate pathogenic mechanism for human NTDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jizhen Zou
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China.
| | - Fang Wang
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Xueyan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and MOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Hongyan Wang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation of NPFPC in SIPPR, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Lee Niswander
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, 80309, USA
| | - Ting Zhang
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Huili Li
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China. .,Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, 80309, USA.
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Gray de Cristoforis A, Ferrari F, Clotman F, Vogel T. Differentiation and localization of interneurons in the developing spinal cord depends on DOT1L expression. Mol Brain 2020; 13:85. [PMID: 32471461 PMCID: PMC7260853 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-020-00623-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic and epigenetic factors contribute to the development of the spinal cord. Failure in correct exertion of the developmental programs, including neurulation, neural tube closure and neurogenesis of the diverse spinal cord neuronal subtypes results in defects of variable severity. We here report on the histone methyltransferase Disruptor of Telomeric 1 Like (DOT1L), which mediates histone H3 lysine 79 (H3K79) methylation. Conditional inactivation of DOT1L using Wnt1-cre as driver (Dot1l-cKO) showed that DOT1L expression is essential for spinal cord neurogenesis and localization of diverse neuronal subtypes, similar to its function in the development of the cerebral cortex and cerebellum. Transcriptome analysis revealed that DOT1L deficiency favored differentiation over progenitor proliferation. Dot1l-cKO mainly decreased the numbers of dI1 interneurons expressing Lhx2. In contrast, Lhx9 expressing dI1 interneurons did not change in numbers but localized differently upon Dot1l-cKO. Similarly, loss of DOT1L affected localization but not generation of dI2, dI3, dI5, V0 and V1 interneurons. The resulting derailed interneuron patterns might be responsible for increased cell death, occurrence of which was restricted to the late developmental stage E18.5. Together our data indicate that DOT1L is essential for subtype-specific neurogenesis, migration and localization of dorsal and ventral interneurons in the developing spinal cord, in part by regulating transcriptional activation of Lhx2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelica Gray de Cristoforis
- Department of Molecular Embryology, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM), Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Francesco Ferrari
- Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Frédéric Clotman
- Laboratory of Neural Differentiation, Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Tanja Vogel
- Department of Molecular Embryology, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.
- Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM), Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.
- Centre for Basics in Neuromodulation (Neuromodul Basics), Freiburg, Germany.
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68
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Shafique S, Winn LM. Role of Cbp, p300 and Akt in valproic acid induced neural tube defects in CD-1 mouse embryos. Reprod Toxicol 2020; 95:86-94. [PMID: 32445665 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2020.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Valproic acid (VPA), an antiepileptic and mood-stabilizing drug, is prescribed to women of reproductive age. VPA is associated with a 1-2% increase in neural tube defects in offspring following gestational exposure and results in epigenetic modifications induced by perturbations in transcription cofactors. Cbp and p300, two transcription cofactors, play key roles in embryonic neural development. p300 is a downstream target of Akt, a protein kinase B associated with cell survival and anti-apoptotic mechanisms, as part of the Akt-p300 axis. We examined the effects of in utero VPA exposure on Cbp, p300, and Akt in gestational day (GD)9, GD10 and GD13 CD-1 mouse embryos following a teratogenic maternal dose of 400 mg/kg. Embryos were collected at 0, 1, 3 and 6 h post-dosing on GD9, 24 h post-dosing on GD10 and on GD13. GD10 embryos were grouped according to the status of neural tube closure in control, closed and open groups. GD13 heads were grouped as control, exposed but non-exencephalic and exencephalic. Our data indicate that Cbp, p300 and Akt mRNA levels were downregulated at 1 and 3 h post-exposure in GD9 embryos while Cbp and p300 protein levels remained stable. Akt protein levels were significantly increased 1 h post-exposure. No significant changes were observed in either mRNA or protein expression in embryos with closed or open neural tubes compared to the control group at GD10. Downregulated expression of Cbp, p300, and Akt may play a key role in VPA-induced neural tube defects considering their vitally important role in embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidra Shafique
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Louise M Winn
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada; School of Environmental Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada.
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Closing in on Mechanisms of Open Neural Tube Defects. Trends Neurosci 2020; 43:519-532. [PMID: 32423763 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2020.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Neural tube defects (NTDs) represent a failure of the neural plate to complete the developmental transition to a neural tube. NTDs are the most common birth anomaly of the CNS. Following mandatory folic acid fortification of dietary grains, a dramatic reduction in the incidence of NTDs was observed in areas where the policy was implemented, yet the genetic drivers of NTDs in humans, and the mechanisms by which folic acid prevents disease, remain disputed. Here, we discuss current understanding of human NTD genetics, recent advances regarding potential mechanisms by which folic acid might modify risk through effects on the epigenome and transcriptome, and new approaches to study refined phenotypes for a greater appreciation of the developmental and genetic causes of NTDs.
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70
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Tian T, Lei Y, Chen Y, Guo Y, Jin L, Finnell RH, Wang L, Ren A. Rare copy number variations of planar cell polarity genes are associated with human neural tube defects. Neurogenetics 2020; 21:217-225. [PMID: 32388773 DOI: 10.1007/s10048-020-00613-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Select single-nucleotide variants in planar cell polarity (PCP) genes are associated with increased risk for neural tube defects (NTDs). However, whether copy number variants (CNVs) in PCP genes contribute to NTDs is unknown. Considering that CNVs are implicated in several human developmental disorders, we hypothesized that CNVs in PCP genes may be causative factors to human NTDs. DNA from umbilical cord tissues of NTD-affected fetuses and parental venous blood samples were collected. We performed a quantitative analysis of copy numbers of all exon regions in the VANGL1, VANGL2, CELSR1, SCRIB, DVL2, DVL3, and PTK7 genes using a CNVplex assay. Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) was carried out to confirm the results of CNV analysis. As a result, 16 CNVs were identified among the NTDs. Of these CNVs, 5 loci were identified in 11 NTD probands with CNVs involving DVL2 (exons 1-15), VANGL1 (exons 1-7, exon 8), and VANGL2 (exons 5-8, exons 7 and 8). One CNV (DVL2 exons 1-15) was a duplication and the remaining 15 CNVs were deletions. Eleven CNVs were confirmed by qPCR. One de novo CNV in VANGL1 and one DVL2 were detected from two cases. Compared with unaffected control populations in 1000 Genome, ExAC, MARRVEL, DGV, and dbVar databases, the frequencies of de novo deletion in VANGL1 (1.14%) and de novo duplication in DVL2 (0.57%) were significantly higher in our NTD subjects (p < 0.05). This study demonstrates that de novo CNVs in PCP genes, notably deletions in VANGL1 and gains in DVL2, could contribute to the risk of NTDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Tian
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, National Health Commission Key Laboratory for Reproductive Health; Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yunping Lei
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yongyan Chen
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, National Health Commission Key Laboratory for Reproductive Health; Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yinnan Guo
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, National Health Commission Key Laboratory for Reproductive Health; Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Lei Jin
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, National Health Commission Key Laboratory for Reproductive Health; Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Richard H Finnell
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Linlin Wang
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, National Health Commission Key Laboratory for Reproductive Health; Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Aiguo Ren
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, National Health Commission Key Laboratory for Reproductive Health; Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.
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Abstract
During embryonic development, the central nervous system forms as the neural plate and then rolls into a tube in a complex morphogenetic process known as neurulation. Neural tube defects (NTDs) occur when neurulation fails and are among the most common structural birth defects in humans. The frequency of NTDs varies greatly anywhere from 0.5 to 10 in 1000 live births, depending on the genetic background of the population, as well as a variety of environmental factors. The prognosis varies depending on the size and placement of the lesion and ranges from death to severe or moderate disability, and some NTDs are asymptomatic. This chapter reviews how mouse models have contributed to the elucidation of the genetic, molecular, and cellular basis of neural tube closure, as well as to our understanding of the causes and prevention of this devastating birth defect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene E Zohn
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Children's Research Institute, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA.
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72
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Karpińska K, Cao C, Yamamoto V, Gielata M, Kobielak A. Alpha-Catulin, a New Player in a Rho Dependent Apical Constriction That Contributes to the Mouse Neural Tube Closure. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:154. [PMID: 32258033 PMCID: PMC7089943 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Coordination of actomyosin contraction and cell-cell junctions generates forces that can lead to tissue morphogenetic processes like the formation of neural tube (NT), however, its molecular mechanisms responsible for regulating and coupling this contractile network to cadherin adhesion remain to be fully elucidated. Here, using a gene trapping technology, we unveil the new player in this process, α-catulin, which shares sequence homology with vinculin and α-catenin. Ablation of α-catulin in mouse causes defective NT closure due to impairment of apical constriction, concomitant with apical actin and P-Mlc2 accumulation. Using a 3D culture model system, we showed that α-catulin localizes to the apical membrane and its removal alters the distribution of active RhoA and polarization. Actin cytoskeleton and P-Mlc2, downstream targets of RhoA, are not properly organized, with limited accumulation at the junctions, indicating a loss of junction stabilization. Our data suggest that α-catulin plays an important role during NT closure by acting as a scaffold for RhoA distribution, resulting in proper spatial activation of myosin to influence actin-myosin dynamics and tension at cell-cell adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Karpińska
- Laboratory of the Molecular Biology of Cancer, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Christine Cao
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Vicky Yamamoto
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Mateusz Gielata
- Laboratory of the Molecular Biology of Cancer, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Kobielak
- Laboratory of the Molecular Biology of Cancer, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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73
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Abduweli Uyghurturk D, Goin DE, Martinez-Mier EA, Woodruff TJ, DenBesten PK. Maternal and fetal exposures to fluoride during mid-gestation among pregnant women in northern California. Environ Health 2020; 19:38. [PMID: 32248806 PMCID: PMC7132865 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-020-00581-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have shown a correlation between fluoride concentrations in urine and community water fluoride concentrations. However, there are no studies of the relationship between community water fluoridation, urine, serum, and amniotic fluid fluoride concentrations in pregnant women in the US. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between maternal urine fluoride (MUF), maternal urine fluoride adjusted for specific gravity (MUFSG), maternal serum fluoride (MSF), amniotic fluid fluoride (AFF) concentrations during pregnancy, and community water fluoridation in Northern California. METHODS Archived samples of urine, serum and amniotic fluid collected from second trimester pregnant women in Northern California from 47 different communities in Northern California and one from Montana (n = 48), were analyzed for fluoride using an ion specific electrode following acid microdiffusion. Women's addresses were matched to publicly reported water fluoride concentrations. We examined whether fluoride concentrations in biospecimens differed by fluoridation status of the community water, and determined the association between water fluoride concentrations and biospecimen fluoride concentrations using linear regression models adjusted for maternal age, smoking, Body Mass Index (BMI), race/ethnicity, and gestational age at sample collection. RESULTS Fluoride concentrations in the community water supplies ranged from 0.02 to 1.00 mg/L. MUF, MSF , and AFF concentrations were significantly higher in pregnant women living in communities adhering to the U.S. recommended water fluoride concentration (0.7 mg/L), as compared with communities with less than 0.7 mg/L fluoride in drinking water. When adjusted for maternal age, smoking status, BMI, race/ethnicity, and gestational age at sample collection, a 0.1 mg/L increase in community water fluoride concentration was positively associated with higher concentrations of MUF (B = 0.052, 95% CI:0.019,0.085), MUFSG (B = 0.028, 95% CI: -0.006, 0.062), MSF (B = 0.001, 95% CI: 0.000, 0.003) and AFF (B = 0.001, 95% CI: 0.000, 0.002). CONCLUSIONS We found universal exposure to fluoride in pregnant women and to the fetus via the amniotic fluid. Fluoride concentrations in urine, serum, and amniotic fluid from women were positively correlated to public records of community water fluoridation. Community water fluoridation remains a major source of fluoride exposure for pregnant women living in Northern California.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawud Abduweli Uyghurturk
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California USA
| | - Dana E. Goin
- Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California USA
| | - Esperanza Angeles Martinez-Mier
- Department of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, Indiana USA
| | - Tracey J. Woodruff
- Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California USA
| | - Pamela K. DenBesten
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California USA
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Non-neural surface ectodermal rosette formation and F-actin dynamics drive mammalian neural tube closure. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 526:647-653. [PMID: 32248972 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.03.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying mammalian neural tube closure remain poorly understood. We report a unique cellular process involving multicellular rosette formation, convergent cellular protrusions, and F-actin cable network of the non-neural surface ectodermal cells encircling the closure site of the posterior neuropore, which are demonstrated by scanning electron microscopy and genetic fate mapping analyses during mouse spinal neurulation. These unique cellular structures are severely disrupted in the surface ectodermal transcription factor Grhl3 mutants that exhibit fully penetrant spina bifida. We propose a novel model of mammalian neural tube closure driven by surface ectodermal dynamics, which is computationally visualized.
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75
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Schulz LN, Tecle NE, Cleary R, Mercier P. Spontaneous closure of myelomeningocele. Childs Nerv Syst 2020; 36:869-871. [PMID: 32025870 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-019-04454-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Fetal repair of myelomeningocele has been increasingly offered to mothers of children with myelomeningocele after the seminal Management of Myelomeningocele (MOMs) trial, which demonstrated decreased reliance on ventriculoperitoneal shunt following fetal closure. We present the case of a fetus diagnosed with a lumbar myelomeningocele in utero whose mother refused in utero closure and who was subsequently born with a skin-covered defect. A fetal MRI was obtained on a mother with a male fetus diagnosed with open neural tube defect at 20 weeks of gestation. The child demonstrated spinal dysraphism extending from L2 to L5 and associated Chiari II malformation with lateral and third ventriculomegaly. Based on our institutional criteria and the criteria of the MOMs trial, the parents were offered fetal repair of the myelomeningocele; however, they declined because of concerns about risks to the mother. At birth, the patient was found to have a skin-covered meningocele. He underwent elective repair of his occult meningocele and detethering of his spinal cord. Intraoperative findings demonstrated spinal nerve roots attached to the arachnoid within the defect, and a closed, tubularized neural placode. This represents a unique case in which a fetus with a clinical picture consistent with open spinal defect was found to have a lesion more consistent with meningocele on postnatal operative interrogation. Knowledge that this can occur should be taken into consideration when discussing fetal closure, although the frequency of this occurrence is not known. Additionally, identification of this case sheds light on the mechanism by which occult myelomeningoceles form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren N Schulz
- Division of Neurosurgery, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1438 S Grand Blvd, St. Louis, MO, 63104, USA.
| | - Najib El Tecle
- Division of Neurosurgery, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1438 S Grand Blvd, St. Louis, MO, 63104, USA
| | - Ryan Cleary
- Division of Neurosurgery, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1438 S Grand Blvd, St. Louis, MO, 63104, USA
| | - Philippe Mercier
- Division of Neurosurgery, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1438 S Grand Blvd, St. Louis, MO, 63104, USA
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Molè MA, Galea GL, Rolo A, Weberling A, Nychyk O, De Castro SC, Savery D, Fässler R, Ybot-González P, Greene NDE, Copp AJ. Integrin-Mediated Focal Anchorage Drives Epithelial Zippering during Mouse Neural Tube Closure. Dev Cell 2020; 52:321-334.e6. [PMID: 32049039 PMCID: PMC7008250 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2020.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial fusion is a key process of morphogenesis by which tissue connectivity is established between adjacent epithelial sheets. A striking and poorly understood feature of this process is "zippering," whereby a fusion point moves directionally along an organ rudiment. Here, we uncover the molecular mechanism underlying zippering during mouse spinal neural tube closure. Fusion is initiated via local activation of integrin β1 and focal anchorage of surface ectoderm cells to a shared point of fibronectin-rich basement membrane, where the neural folds first contact each other. Surface ectoderm cells undergo proximal junction shortening, establishing a transitory semi-rosette-like structure at the zippering point that promotes juxtaposition of cells across the midline enabling fusion propagation. Tissue-specific ablation of integrin β1 abolishes the semi-rosette formation, preventing zippering and causing spina bifida. We propose integrin-mediated anchorage as an evolutionarily conserved mechanism of general relevance for zippering closure of epithelial gaps whose disturbance can produce clinically important birth defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo A Molè
- Newlife Birth Defects Research Centre, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK; Department of Physiology, Development & Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK.
| | - Gabriel L Galea
- Newlife Birth Defects Research Centre, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Ana Rolo
- Newlife Birth Defects Research Centre, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Antonia Weberling
- Department of Physiology, Development & Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK
| | - Oleksandr Nychyk
- Newlife Birth Defects Research Centre, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK; Neuro-endocrinology/Nutrition, Food Bioscience Department, Teagasc Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - Sandra C De Castro
- Newlife Birth Defects Research Centre, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Dawn Savery
- Newlife Birth Defects Research Centre, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Reinhard Fässler
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Patricia Ybot-González
- Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, Hospital Virgen de Macarena, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Nicholas D E Greene
- Newlife Birth Defects Research Centre, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Andrew J Copp
- Newlife Birth Defects Research Centre, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK.
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77
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Zohn IE. Hsp90 and complex birth defects: A plausible mechanism for the interaction of genes and environment. Neurosci Lett 2020; 716:134680. [PMID: 31821846 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.134680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
How genes and environment interact to cause birth defects is not well understood, but key to developing new strategies to modify risk. The threshold model has been proposed to represent this complex interaction. This model stipulates that while environmental exposure or genetic mutation alone may not result in a defect, factors in combination increase phenotypic variability resulting in more individuals crossing the disease threshold where birth defects manifest. Many environmental factors that contribute to birth defects induce widespread cellular stress and misfolding of proteins. Yet, the impact of the stress response on the threshold model is not typically considered in discephering the etiology of birth defects. This mini-review will explore a potential mechanism for gene-environment interactions co-opted from studies of evolution. This model stipulates that heat shock proteins that mediate the stress response induced by environmental factors can influence the number of individuals that cross disease thresholds resulting in increased incidence of birth defects. Studies in the field of evolutionary biology have demonstrated that heat shock proteins and Hsp90 in particular provide a link between environmental stress, genotype and phenotype. Hsp90 is a highly expressed molecular chaperone that assists a wide variety of protein clients with folding and conformational changes needed for proper function. Hsp90 also chaperones client proteins with potentially deleterious amino acid changes to suppress variation caused by genetic mutations. However, upon exposure to stress, Hsp90 abandons its normal physiological clients and is diverted to assist with the misfolded protein response. This can impact the activity of signaling pathways that involve Hsp90 clients as well as unmask suppressed protein variation, essentially creating complex traits in a single step. In this capacity Hsp90 acts as an evolutionary capacitor allowing stored variation to accumulate and then become expressed in times of stress. This mechanism provides a substrate which natural selection can act upon at the population level allowing survival of the species with selective pressure. However, at the level of the individual, this mechanism can result in simultaneous expression of deleterious variants as well as reduced activity of a variety of Hsp90 chaperoned pathways, potentially shifting phenotypic variability over the disease threshold resulting in birth defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene E Zohn
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, 20010, USA.
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Liu W, Wang K, Lv X, Wang Q, Li X, Yang Z, Liu X, Yan L, Fu X, Xiao R. Up-regulation of RNA Binding Proteins Contributes to Folate Deficiency-Induced Neural Crest Cells Dysfunction. Int J Biol Sci 2020; 16:85-98. [PMID: 31892848 PMCID: PMC6930370 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.33976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Folate deficiency has long been associated with the abnormal development of the neural crest cells (NCCs) and neural tube defects (NTDs). RNA binding proteins (RBPs) also play important roles in the normal neural crest development and neural tube formation. Nevertheless, the causative mechanism by which folate status influences human NCCs development and the RBPs functions remains unknown. In this study, we differentiated H9 human embryonic stem cells into neural crest cells (H9-NCCs) and then constructed three folic acid (FA) deficiency (FAD) H9-NCCs models in vitro. Decreased viability, impaired migration and promoted apoptosis of H9-NCCs were observed in three FAD H9-NCCs models. In addition, we showed that three RBPs, namely, hnRNPC, LARP6 and RCAN2, were up-regulated both in the FAD H9-NCC models in vitro and in the FAD mouse model in vivo. Knocking down of these three RBPs increased the H9-NCC viability and RCAN2 knockdown further promoted H9-NCC migration under FAD conditions. In normal culture condition, overexpression of RCAN2 and HnRNPC did not affect viabilities and migration of H9-NCCs while overexpression of LARP6 reduced the H9-NCC viability. Our findings demonstrate important regulatory effects of RBPs underlying FAD-induced impaired function of NCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Liu
- Research Center of Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 33 Ba-Da-Chu Road, Beijing, 100144, People's Republic of China
| | - Kang Wang
- Research Center of Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 33 Ba-Da-Chu Road, Beijing, 100144, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Lv
- Research Center of Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 33 Ba-Da-Chu Road, Beijing, 100144, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Wang
- Research Center of Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 33 Ba-Da-Chu Road, Beijing, 100144, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiu Li
- Research Center of Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 33 Ba-Da-Chu Road, Beijing, 100144, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhigang Yang
- Research Center of Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 33 Ba-Da-Chu Road, Beijing, 100144, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Liu
- Research Center of Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 33 Ba-Da-Chu Road, Beijing, 100144, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Yan
- Research Center of Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 33 Ba-Da-Chu Road, Beijing, 100144, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Fu
- Research Center of Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 33 Ba-Da-Chu Road, Beijing, 100144, People's Republic of China
| | - Ran Xiao
- Research Center of Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 33 Ba-Da-Chu Road, Beijing, 100144, People's Republic of China
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Yu J, Wang L, Pei P, Li X, Wu J, Qiu Z, Zhang J, Ao R, Wang S, Zhang T, Xie J. Reduced H3K27me3 leads to abnormal Hox gene expression in neural tube defects. Epigenetics Chromatin 2019; 12:76. [PMID: 31856916 PMCID: PMC6921514 DOI: 10.1186/s13072-019-0318-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neural tube defects (NTDs) are severe, common birth defects that result from failure of normal neural tube closure during early embryogenesis. Accumulating strong evidence indicates that genetic factors contribute to NTDs etiology, among them, HOX genes play a key role in neural tube closure. Although abnormal HOX gene expression can lead to NTDs, the underlying pathological mechanisms have not fully been understood. Method We detected that H3K27me3 and expression of the Hox genes in a retinoic acid (RA) induced mouse NTDs model on E8.5, E9.5 and E10.5 using RNA-sequencing and chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing assays. Furthermore, we quantified 10 Hox genes using NanoString nCounter in brain tissue of fetuses with 39 NTDs patients including anencephaly, spina bifida, hydrocephaly and encephalocele. Results Here, our results showed differential expression in 26 genes with a > 20-fold change in the level of expression, including 10 upregulated Hox genes. RT-qPCR revealed that these 10 Hox genes were all upregulated in RA-induced mouse NTDs as well as RA-treated embryonic stem cells (ESCs). Using ChIP-seq assays, we demonstrate that a decrease in H3K27me3 level upregulates the expression of Hox cluster A–D in RA-induced mouse NTDs model on E10.5. Interestingly, RA treatment led to attenuation of H3K27me3 due to cooperate between UTX and Suz12, affecting Hox gene regulation. Further analysis, in human anencephaly cases, upregulation of 10 HOX genes was observed, along with aberrant levels of H3K27me3. Notably, HOXB4, HOXC4 and HOXD1 expression was negatively correlated with H3K27me3 levels. Conclusion Our results indicate that abnormal HOX gene expression induced by aberrant H3K27me3 levels may be a risk factor for NTDs and highlight the need for further analysis of genome-wide epigenetic modification in NTDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Pei Pei
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Xue Li
- School of Clinical Medical, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, China
| | - Jianxin Wu
- Department of Biochemistry, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Zhiyong Qiu
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Ruifang Ao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Shan Wang
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China.
| | - Ting Zhang
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China.
| | - Jun Xie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China.
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80
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Wang L, Ren A, Tian T, Li N, Cao X, Zhang P, Jin L, Li Z, Shen Y, Zhang B, Finnell RH, Lei Y. Whole-Exome Sequencing Identifies Damaging de novo Variants in Anencephalic Cases. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:1285. [PMID: 31849593 PMCID: PMC6896715 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.01285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anencephaly is a lethal neural tube defect (NTD). Although variants in several genes have been implicated in the development of anencephaly, a more complete picture of variants in the genome, especially de novo variants (DNVs), remains unresolved. We aim to identify DNVs that play an important role in the development of anencephaly by performing whole-exome DNA sequencing (WES) of proband-parent trios. RESULTS A total of 13 DNVs were identified in 8 anencephaly trios by WES, including two loss of function (LoF) variants detected in pLI > 0.9 genes (SPHKAP, c.2629_2633del, and NCOR1, p.Y1907X). Damaging DNVs were identified in 61.5% (8/13) of the anencephalic cases. Independent validation was conducted in an additional 502 NTD cases. Gene inactivation using targeted morpholino antisense oligomers and rescue assays were conducted in zebrafish, and transfection expression in HEK293T cells. Four DNVs in four cases were identified and predicted to alter protein function, including p.R328Q in WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting 1 (WIPI1). Three variants, p.G313R, p.T418M, and p.L406P, in the WIPI1 gene were identified from the independent replication cohort consisting of 502 cases. Functional analysis suggested that the wipi1 p.L406P and p.R328Q variants most likely displayed loss-of-function effects during embryonic development. CONCLUSION De novo damaging variants are the main culprit for majority of anencephalic cases. Missense variants in WIPI1 may play a role in the genetic etiology of anencephaly, and LoF variants in SPHKAP and NCOR1 may also contribute to anencephaly. These findings add to our existing understanding of the genetic mechanisms of NTD formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Wang
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, National Health Commission Health Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Aiguo Ren
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, National Health Commission Health Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Tian Tian
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, National Health Commission Health Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Li
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, National Health Commission Health Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xuanye Cao
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Peng Zhang
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Jin
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, National Health Commission Health Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiwen Li
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, National Health Commission Health Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Shen
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Richard H. Finnell
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Yunping Lei
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
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81
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Li H, Wang X, Zhao H, Wang F, Bao Y, Guo J, Chang S, Wu L, Cheng H, Chen S, Zou J, Cui X, Niswander L, Finnell RH, Wang H, Zhang T. Low folate concentration impacts mismatch repair deficiency in neural tube defects. Epigenomics 2019; 12:5-18. [PMID: 31769301 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2019-0279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To know the cause of sequence variants in neural tube defect (NTD). Materials & methods: We sequenced genes implicated in neural tube closure (NTC) in a Chinese cohort and elucidated the molecular mechanism-driving mutations. Results: In NTD cases, an increase in specific variants was identified, potentially deleterious rare variants harbored in H3K36me3 occupancy regions that recruits mismatch repair (MMR) machinery. Lower folate concentrations in local brain tissues were also observed. In neuroectoderm cells, folic acid insufficiency attenuated association of Msh6 to H3K36me3, and reduced bindings to NTC genes. Rare variants in human NTDs were featured by MMR deficiency and more severe microsatellite instability. Conclusion: Our work suggests a mechanistic link between folate insufficiency and MMR deficiency that correlates with an increase of rare variants in NTC genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huili Li
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development & Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China.,Department of Molecular, Cellular & Developmental Biology, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Xiaolei Wang
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development & Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Huizhi Zhao
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development & Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development & Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Yihua Bao
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development & Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Jin Guo
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development & Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Shaoyan Chang
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development & Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Lihua Wu
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development & Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Haiqin Cheng
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development & Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Shuyuan Chen
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development & Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Jizhen Zou
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development & Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Xiaodai Cui
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development & Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Lee Niswander
- Department of Molecular, Cellular & Developmental Biology, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Richard H Finnell
- Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering at School of Life Sciences, Institute of Reproduction & Development, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, China.,Center for Precision Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hongyan Wang
- Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering at School of Life Sciences, Institute of Reproduction & Development, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation of NPFPC, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics & Development, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Children's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development & Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China
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Yang W, Xiao Y, Tian T, Jin L, Wang L, Ren A. Genetic variants in GRHL3 and risk for neural tube defects: A case-control and case-parent triad/control study. Birth Defects Res 2019; 111:1468-1478. [PMID: 31332962 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neural tube defects (NTDs) are the most common severe birth defects with complex etiologies. Previous studies conducted on animals have suggested that the Grhl3 gene is essential for closure of the spinal neural tube, but little evidence from human studies on the variants of GRHL3 gene has been provided, especially the common genetic variants. METHODS To investigate the relationship between common genetic variants of GRHL3 and the risk for NTDs, we performed a case-control study and a case-parent triad/control study. Fast-target enrichment sequencing was performed to screen exon regions from 503 NTD cases, and three tag SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms, including rs12030057, rs2486668, and rs545809) were selected according to the sequencing results. Then, Sequenom MassARRAY genotyping was performed in 757 case parents and 519 controls to obtain genotype information of the target variant sites among all NTD triads and controls. RESULTS The genotype distributions of all SNPs were in accordance with Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE) in the control population. In the case-control study, significant associations were found between C27G genetic variants on rs2486668 and risk for spina bifida and encephalocele, respectively, under different genetic models. Consistently, in the case-parent triad/control study, GG genotype on rs2486668 was associated with increased risk for spina bifida, with a RR of 2.15 (95% CI: 1.20-3.83). However, no parent-of-origin effect was found for any tag SNPs. CONCLUSION The GRHL3 C67G missense variant may increase the risk for spina bifida and encephalocele phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlei Yang
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yanhui Xiao
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Tian Tian
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Jin
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Linlin Wang
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Aiguo Ren
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
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83
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Fame RM, Shannon ML, Chau KF, Head JP, Lehtinen MK. A concerted metabolic shift in early forebrain alters the CSF proteome and depends on MYC downregulation for mitochondrial maturation. Development 2019; 146:dev.182857. [PMID: 31575649 DOI: 10.1242/dev.182857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Massive, coordinated cellular changes accompany the transition of central nervous system (CNS) progenitors from forebrain neurectodermal cells to specified neuroepithelial cells. We have previously found that MYC regulates the changing ribosomal and proteostatic landscapes in mouse forebrain precursors at embryonic days E8.5 and E10.5 (before and after neural tube closure; NTC) (Chau et al., 2018). Here, we demonstrate parallel coordinated transcriptional changes in metabolic machinery during this same stage of forebrain specification. Progenitors showed striking mitochondrial structural changes transitioning from glycolytic cristae at E8.5, to more traditional mitochondria at E10.5. Accordingly, glucose use shifted in progenitors such that E8.5 progenitors relied on glycolysis, and after NTC increasingly used oxidative phosphorylation. This metabolic shift was matched by changes in surrounding amniotic and cerebrospinal fluid proteomes. Importantly, these mitochondrial morphological shifts depend on MYC downregulation. Together, our findings demonstrate that metabolic shifting accompanies dynamic organelle and proteostatic remodeling of progenitor cells during the earliest stages of forebrain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryann M Fame
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Morgan L Shannon
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kevin F Chau
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Program in Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Joshua P Head
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Maria K Lehtinen
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA .,Program in Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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84
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A combination insecticide at sub-lethal dose debilitated the expression pattern of crucial signalling molecules that facilitate craniofacial patterning in domestic chick Gallus domesticus. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2019; 76:106836. [PMID: 31593814 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2019.106836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Pesticides despite being agents that protect the plants and humans from noxious pests, are infamous for their potential to cause detrimental health issues in nontargeted species. In order to ascertain the latter, a set of experiments were conducted by exposing early chick embryos to a widely used combination insecticide (Ci, 50% chlorpyrifos and 5% cypermethrin). The results revealed a myriad of congenital defects pertaining to craniofacial development such as anophthalmia, microphthalmia, exencephaly as well as deformed beak and cranial structures. These teratological manifestations could be attributed to the Ci induced alteration in the titre of major regulators of neurulation and ossification. Therefore, the mRNA and/or the protein level expression pattern of genes which are reported to be involved in the craniofacial development were studied at selected time points of embryonic development. The analysis of the result showed that there have been significant alternations in the expression patterns of the signalling molecules such as SHH, WNTs, CDH1, CDH2, L1CAM, PAX6, HOX, PCNA, GLI3, BMP7, FGF8, GLIs, SOX9, RUNX2, DLX5, COL10A1, CASPASE3 etc. on embryonic days 2, 4 and/or 10. Concurrently, on day 10, whole-mount skeletal staining and biochemical estimation of hydroxyproline were carried out in the cranial tissues of the embryos. The overall result of the current study indicates that exposure to Ci during early development impede the crucial regulatory signals that orchestrate the morphogenesis of cranial neural crest cells thereby hindering the normal progression of neural tube and endochondral ossification which collectively lead to craniofacial dysmorphism in domestic chicks.
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85
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Ross MM, Piorczynski TB, Harvey J, Burnham TS, Francis M, Larsen MW, Roe K, Hansen JM, Stark MR. Ceramide: a novel inducer for neural tube defects. Dev Dyn 2019; 248:979-996. [PMID: 31390103 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circulating plasma ceramides, a class of bioactive sphingolipids, are elevated in metabolic disorders, including obesity. Infants of women with these disorders are at 2- to 3-fold greater risk for developing a neural tube defect (NTD). This study aimed to test the effects of embryonic exposure to C2-ceramides (C2) during neural tube closure. Preliminary data shows an increase in NTDs in chick embryos after C2 exposure, and addresses potential mechanisms. RESULTS Cell and embryo models were used to examine redox shifts after ceramide exposure. While undifferentiated P19 cells were resistant to ceramide exposure, neuronally differentiated P19 cells exhibited an oxidizing shift. Consistent with these observations, GSH E h curves revealed a shift to a more oxidized state in C2 treated embryos without increasing apoptosis or changing Pax3 expression, however cell proliferation was lower. Neural tube defects were observed in 45% of chick embryos exposed to C2, compared to 12% in control embryos. CONCLUSIONS C2 exposure during critical developmental stages increased the frequency of NTDs in the avian model. Increased ROS generation in cell culture, along with the more oxidative GSH E h profiles of C2 exposed cells and embryos, support a model wherein ceramide affects neural tube closure via altered tissue redox environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micah M Ross
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah
| | - Ted B Piorczynski
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah
| | - Jamison Harvey
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah
| | - Tyson S Burnham
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah
| | - Morgan Francis
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah
| | - Madison W Larsen
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah
| | - Kyle Roe
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah
| | - Jason M Hansen
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah
| | - Michael R Stark
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah
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86
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Cheng X, Pei P, Yu J, Zhang Q, Li D, Xie X, Wu J, Wang S, Zhang T. F-box protein FBXO30 mediates retinoic acid receptor γ ubiquitination and regulates BMP signaling in neural tube defects. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:551. [PMID: 31320612 PMCID: PMC6639381 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1783-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Retinoic acid (RA), an active derivative of vitamin A, is critical for the neural system development. During the neural development, the RA/RA receptor (RAR) pathway suppresses BMP signaling-mediated proliferation and differentiation of neural progenitor cells. However, how the stability of RAR is regulated during neural system development and how BMP pathway genes expression in neural tissue from human fetuses affected with neural tube defects (NTDs) remain elusive. Here, we report that FBXO30 acts as an E3 ubiquitin ligase and targets RARγ for ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. In this way, FBXO30 positively regulates BMP signaling in mammalian cells. Moreover, RA treatment leads to suppression of BMP signaling by reducing the level of FBXO30 in mammalian cells and in mouse embryos with NTDs. In samples from human NTDs with high levels of retinol, downregulation of BMP target genes was observed, along with aberrant FBXO30 levels. Collectively, our results demonstrate that RARγ levels are controlled by FBXO30-mediated ubiquitination and that FBXO30 is a key regulator of BMP signaling. Furthermore, we suggest a novel mechanism by which high-retinol levels affect the level of FBXO30, which antagonizes BMP signaling during early stage development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyue Cheng
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, 100020, Beijing, China
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, 100730, Beijing, China
| | - Pei Pei
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, 100020, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, 030001, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, 100020, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Li
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, 100020, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolu Xie
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, 100020, Beijing, China
| | - Jianxin Wu
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, 100020, Beijing, China
| | - Shan Wang
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, 100020, Beijing, China.
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, 100730, Beijing, China.
| | - Ting Zhang
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, 100020, Beijing, China.
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, 100730, Beijing, China.
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87
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Narayanaswamy P, Shaji KS, Sumesh TP. Meningomyelocele on Exposure to Clozapine During Perinatal Period. Indian J Psychol Med 2019; 41:398-399. [PMID: 31391678 PMCID: PMC6657472 DOI: 10.4103/ijpsym.ijpsym_298_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - K S Shaji
- Department of Psychiatry, Government Medical College, Thrissur, Kerala India
| | - T P Sumesh
- Department of Psychiatry, Government Medical College, Thrissur, Kerala India
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88
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Kim SE, Lei Y, Hwang SH, Wlodarczyk BJ, Mukhopadhyay S, Shaw GM, Ross ME, Finnell RH. Dominant negative GPR161 rare variants are risk factors of human spina bifida. Hum Mol Genet 2019; 28:200-208. [PMID: 30256984 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddy339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Spina bifida (SB) is a complex disorder of failed neural tube closure during the first month of human gestation, with a suspected etiology involving multiple gene and environmental interactions. GPR161 is a ciliary G-protein coupled receptor that regulates Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) signaling. Gpr161 null and hypomorphic mutations cause neural tube defects (NTDs) in mouse models. Herein we show that several genes involved in Shh and Wnt signaling were differentially expressed in the Gpr161 null embryos using RNA-seq analysis. To determine whether there exists an association between GPR161 and SB in humans, we performed direct Sanger sequencing on the GPR161 gene in a cohort of 384 SB patients and 190 healthy controls. We identified six rare variants of GPR161 in six SB cases, of which two of the variants were novel and did not exist in any databases. Both of these variants were predicted to be damaging by SIFT and/or PolyPhen analysis. The novel GPR161 rare variants mislocalized to the primary cilia, dysregulated Shh and Wnt signaling and inhibited cell proliferation in vitro. Our results demonstrate that GPR161 mutations cause NTDs via dysregulation of Shh and Wnt signaling in mice, and novel rare variants of GPR161 can be risk factors for SB in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Eun Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Dell Pediatric Research Institute, University of Texas at Austin Dell Medical School, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Yunping Lei
- Department of Pediatrics, Dell Pediatric Research Institute, University of Texas at Austin Dell Medical School, Austin, TX, USA.,Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sun-Hee Hwang
- Department of Cell Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Bogdan J Wlodarczyk
- Department of Pediatrics, Dell Pediatric Research Institute, University of Texas at Austin Dell Medical School, Austin, TX, USA.,Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Gary M Shaw
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - M Elizabeth Ross
- Center for Neurogenetics, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Richard H Finnell
- Department of Pediatrics, Dell Pediatric Research Institute, University of Texas at Austin Dell Medical School, Austin, TX, USA.,Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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89
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Lei Y, Kim S, Chen Z, Cao X, Zhu H, Yang W, Shaw GM, Zheng Y, Zhang T, Wang H, Finnell RH. Variants identified in PTK7 associated with neural tube defects. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2019; 7:e00584. [PMID: 30689296 PMCID: PMC6465732 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Variants in planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway genes have been repeatedly implicated in the pathogenesis of NTDs in both mouse models and in human cohorts. Mouse models indicate that the homogenous disruption of the Ptk7 gene, a PCP regulator, results in craniorachischisis; while embryos that are doubly heterozygous for Ptk7XST87 and Vangl2Lp mutations present with spina bifida. METHODS In this study, we initially sequenced exons of the human PTK7 gene in 192 spina bifida patients and 190 controls from a California population. A phase II validation study was performed in 343 Chinese NTD cohort. Functional assays including immunoblotting and immunoprecipitation were used to study identified variants effect on PTK7 function. RESULTS We identified three rare (MAF <0.001) missense heterozygous PTK7 variants (NM_001270398.1:c.581C>T, p.Arg630Ser and p.Tyr725Phe) in the spina bifida patients. In our functional analyses, p.Arg630Ser affected PTK7 mutant protein stability and increased interaction with Dvl2, while the p.Thr186Met variant decreased PTK7 interactions with Dvl2. No novel predicted-to-be-damaging variant or function-disrupted PTK7 variant was identified among the control subjects. We subsequently re-sequenced the PTK7 CDS region in 343 NTDs from China to validate the association between PTK7 and NTDs. The frequency of PTK7 rare missense variants in the Chinese NTD samples is significantly higher than in gnomAD controls. CONCLUSION Our study suggests that rare missense variants in PTK7 contribute to the genetic risk of NTDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunping Lei
- Department of Nutritional SciencesDell Pediatric Research Institute, University of Texas at Austin Dell Medical SchoolAustinTexas
- Present address:
Center for Precision Environmental Health, Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biology and MedicineBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexas77030
| | - Sung‐Eun Kim
- Department of Nutritional SciencesDell Pediatric Research Institute, University of Texas at Austin Dell Medical SchoolAustinTexas
| | - Zhongzhong Chen
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering at School of Life Sciences, Institute of Reproduction and DevelopmentFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xuanye Cao
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biology and MedicineBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexas
| | - Huiping Zhu
- Department of Nutritional SciencesDell Pediatric Research Institute, University of Texas at Austin Dell Medical SchoolAustinTexas
- Present address:
Asuragen Inc.2150 Woodward St #100AustinTX78744
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of NeonatologyStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCalifornia
| | - Gary M. Shaw
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of NeonatologyStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCalifornia
| | - Yufang Zheng
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering at School of Life Sciences, Institute of Reproduction and DevelopmentFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Ting Zhang
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and NutriomicsCapital Institute of PediatricsBeijingChina
| | - Hong‐Yan Wang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering at School of Life Sciences, Institute of Reproduction and DevelopmentFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Richard H. Finnell
- Department of Nutritional SciencesDell Pediatric Research Institute, University of Texas at Austin Dell Medical SchoolAustinTexas
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics & Development, School of Life SciencesFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
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90
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Fofou-Caillierez MB, Guéant-Rodriguez RM, Alberto JM, Chéry C, Josse T, Gérard P, Forges T, Foliguet B, Feillet F, Guéant JL. Vitamin B-12 and liver activity and expression of methionine synthase are decreased in fetuses with neural tube defects. Am J Clin Nutr 2019; 109:674-683. [PMID: 30848279 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqy340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The risk of neural tube defects (NTDs) is influenced by nutritional factors and genetic determinants of one-carbon metabolism. A key pathway of this metabolism is the vitamin B-12- and folate-dependent remethylation of homocysteine, which depends on methionine synthase (MS, encoded by MTR), methionine synthase reductase, and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase. Methionine, the product of this pathway, is the direct precursor of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), the universal methyl donor needed for epigenetic mechanisms. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to evaluate whether the availability of vitamin B-12 and folate and the expression or activity of the target enzymes of the remethylation pathway are involved in NTD risk. METHODS We studied folate and vitamin B-12 concentrations and activity, expression, and gene variants of the 3 enzymes in liver from 14 NTD and 16 non-NTD fetuses. We replicated the main findings in cord blood from pregnancies of 41 NTD fetuses compared with 21 fetuses with polymalformations (metabolic and genetic findings) and 375 control pregnancies (genetic findings). RESULTS The tissue concentration of vitamin B-12 (P = 0.003), but not folate, and the activity (P = 0.001), transcriptional level (P = 0.016), and protein expression (P = 0.003) of MS were decreased and the truncated inactive isoforms of MS were increased in NTD livers. SAM was significantly correlated with MS activity and vitamin B-12. A gene variant in exon 1 of GIF (Gastric Intrinsic Factor gene) was associated with a dramatic decrease of liver vitamin B-12 in 2 cases. We confirmed the decreased vitamin B-12 in cord blood from NTD pregnancies. A gene variant of GIF exon 3 was associated with NTD risk. CONCLUSIONS The decreased vitamin B-12 in liver and cord blood and decreased expression and activity of MS in liver point out the impaired remethylation pathway as hallmarks associated with NTD risk. We suggest evaluating vitamin B-12 in the nutritional recommendations for prevention of NTD risk beside folate fortification or supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ma'atem B Fofou-Caillierez
- Inserm UMRS 954, Nutrition-Genetics-Environmental Risk Exposure, Inserm and University of Lorraine, Nancy, France.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Personalized Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, and National Reference Centre for Inherited Metabolic Diseases
| | - Rosa-Maria Guéant-Rodriguez
- Inserm UMRS 954, Nutrition-Genetics-Environmental Risk Exposure, Inserm and University of Lorraine, Nancy, France.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Personalized Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, and National Reference Centre for Inherited Metabolic Diseases
| | - Jean-Marc Alberto
- Inserm UMRS 954, Nutrition-Genetics-Environmental Risk Exposure, Inserm and University of Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Céline Chéry
- Inserm UMRS 954, Nutrition-Genetics-Environmental Risk Exposure, Inserm and University of Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Thomas Josse
- Inserm UMRS 954, Nutrition-Genetics-Environmental Risk Exposure, Inserm and University of Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Philippe Gérard
- Inserm UMRS 954, Nutrition-Genetics-Environmental Risk Exposure, Inserm and University of Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Thierry Forges
- Regional Maternity of Nancy, University Regional Hospital Center of Nancy, Nancy, France
| | - Bernard Foliguet
- Regional Maternity of Nancy, University Regional Hospital Center of Nancy, Nancy, France
| | - François Feillet
- Inserm UMRS 954, Nutrition-Genetics-Environmental Risk Exposure, Inserm and University of Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Jean-Louis Guéant
- Inserm UMRS 954, Nutrition-Genetics-Environmental Risk Exposure, Inserm and University of Lorraine, Nancy, France.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Personalized Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, and National Reference Centre for Inherited Metabolic Diseases
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91
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Tanaka M. Embryological Consideration of Dural AVFs in Relation to the Neural Crest and the Mesoderm. Neurointervention 2019; 14:9-16. [PMID: 30827062 PMCID: PMC6433192 DOI: 10.5469/neuroint.2018.01095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracranial and spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs) are vascular pathologies of the dural membrane with arteriovenous shunts. They are abnormal communications between arteries and veins or dural venous sinuses that sit between the two sheets of the dura mater. The dura propria faces the surface of brain, and the osteal dura faces the bone. The location of the shunt points is not distributed homogeneously on the surface of the dural membrane, but there are certain areas susceptible to DAVFs. The dura mater of the olfactory groove, falx cerebri, inferior sagittal sinus, tentorium cerebelli, and falx cerebelli, and the dura mater at the level of the spinal cord are composed only of dura propria, and these areas are derived from neural crest cells. The dura mater of the cavernous sinus, transverse sinus, sigmoid sinus, and anterior condylar confluence surrounding the hypoglossal canal are composed of both dura propria and osteal dura; this group is derived from mesoderm. Although the cause of this heterogeneity has not yet been determined, there are some specific characteristics and tendencies in terms of the embryological features. The possible reasons for the segmental susceptibility to DAVFs are summarized based on the embryology of the dura mater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michihiro Tanaka
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kameda Medical Center, Kamogawa, Japan
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92
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Lin S, Ren A, Wang L, Santos C, Huang Y, Jin L, Li Z, Greene NDE. Aberrant methylation of Pax3 gene and neural tube defects in association with exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Clin Epigenetics 2019; 11:13. [PMID: 30665459 PMCID: PMC6341549 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-019-0611-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neural tube defects (NTDs) are common and severe congenital malformations. Pax3 is an essential gene for neural tube closure in mice but it is unknown whether altered expression or methylation of PAX3 contributes to human NTDs. We examined the potential role of hypermethylation of Pax3 in the development of NTDs by analyzing human NTD cases and a mouse model in which NTDs were induced by benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), a widely studied polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH). METHODS We extracted methylation information of PAX3 in neural tissues from array data of ten NTD cases and eight non-malformed controls. A validation study was then performed in a larger independent population comprising 73 NTD cases and 29 controls. Finally, we examined methylation patterns and expression of Pax3 in neural tissues from mouse embryos of dams exposed to BaP or BaP and vitamin E. RESULTS Seven CpG sites in PAX3 were hypermethylated in NTD fetuses as compared to controls in the array data. In the validation phase, significantly higher methylation levels in the body region of PAX3 were observed in NTD cases than in controls (P = 0.003). And mean methylation intensity in the body region of PAX3 in fetal neural tissues was positively correlated with median concentrations of PAH in maternal serum. In the mouse model, BaP-induced NTDs were associated with hypermethylation of specific CpG sites within both the promoter and body region of Pax3. Supplementation with vitamin E via chow decreased the rate of NTDs, partly recovered the repressed total antioxidant capacity in mouse embryos exposed to BaP, and this was accompanied by the normalization of Pax3 methylation level and gene expression. CONCLUSION Hypermethylation of Pax3 may play a role in the development of NTDs; DNA methylation aberration may be caused by exposure to BaP, with possible involvement of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Lin
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Centre, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.,Division of Birth Cohort Study, and Department of Neonatal Surgery, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Aiguo Ren
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Centre, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Linlin Wang
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Centre, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Chloe Santos
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Yun Huang
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Centre, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Lei Jin
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Centre, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Zhiwen Li
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Centre, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Nicholas D E Greene
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
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93
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Yang P, Xu C, Reece EA, Chen X, Zhong J, Zhan M, Stumpo DJ, Blackshear PJ, Yang P. Tip60- and sirtuin 2-regulated MARCKS acetylation and phosphorylation are required for diabetic embryopathy. Nat Commun 2019; 10:282. [PMID: 30655546 PMCID: PMC6336777 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-08268-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Failure of neural tube closure results in severe birth defects and can be induced by high glucose levels resulting from maternal diabetes. MARCKS is required for neural tube closure, but the regulation and of its biological activity and function have remained elusive. Here, we show that high maternal glucose induced MARCKS acetylation at lysine 165 by the acetyltransferase Tip60, which is a prerequisite for its phosphorylation, whereas Sirtuin 2 (SIRT2) deacetylated MARCKS. Phosphorylated MARCKS dissociates from organelles, leading to mitochondrial abnormalities and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Phosphorylation dead MARCKS (PD-MARCKS) reversed maternal diabetes-induced cellular organelle stress, apoptosis and delayed neurogenesis in the neuroepithelium and ameliorated neural tube defects. Restoring SIRT2 expression in the developing neuroepithelium exerted identical effects as those of PD-MARCKS. Our studies reveal a new regulatory mechanism for MARCKS acetylation and phosphorylation that disrupts neurulation under diabetic conditions by diminishing the cellular organelle protective effect of MARCKS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penghua Yang
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, 21201, MD, USA
| | - Cheng Xu
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, 21201, MD, USA
| | - E Albert Reece
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, 21201, MD, USA.,Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, 21201, MD, USA
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, 21201, MD, USA
| | - Jianxiang Zhong
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, 21201, MD, USA
| | - Min Zhan
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, 21201, MD, USA
| | - Deborah J Stumpo
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Perry J Blackshear
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, 27709, USA.,Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Peixin Yang
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, 21201, MD, USA. .,Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, 21201, MD, USA.
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94
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Prospects and modalities for the treatment of genetic ocular anomalies. Hum Genet 2019; 138:1019-1026. [DOI: 10.1007/s00439-018-01968-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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95
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Zhang HN, Guo Y, Ma W, Xue J, Wang WL, Yuan ZW. MGMT is down-regulated independently of promoter DNA methylation in rats with all-trans retinoic acid-induced spina bifida aperta. Neural Regen Res 2019; 14:361-368. [PMID: 30531021 PMCID: PMC6301176 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.244799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT), a DNA repair enzyme, has been reported in some congenital malformations, but it is less frequently reported in neural tube defects. This study investigated MGMT mRNA expression and methylation levels in the early embryo and in different embryonic stages, as well as the relationship between MGMT and neural tube defects. Spina bifida aperta was induced in rats by a single intragastric administration of all-trans retinoic acid on embryonic day (E) 10, whereas normal control rats received the same amount of olive oil on the same embryonic day. DNA damage was assessed by detecting γ-H2A.X in spina bifida aperta rats. Real time-polymerase chain reaction was used to examine mRNA expression of MGMT in normal control and spina bifida aperta rats. In normal controls, the MGMT mRNA expression decreased with increasing embryonic days, and was remarkably reduced from E11 to E14, reaching a minimum at E18. In the spina bifida aperta model, γ-H2A.X protein expression was increased, and mRNA expression of MGMT was markedly decreased on E14, E16, and E18. Bisulfite sequencing polymerase chain reaction for MGMT promoter methylation demonstrated that almost all CpG sites in the MGMT promoter remained unmethylated in both spina bifida aperta rats and normal controls, and there was no significant difference in methylation level between the two groups on either E14 or E18. Our results show that DNA damage occurs in spina bifida aperta rats. The mRNA expression of MGMT is downregulated, and this downregulation is independent of promoter DNA methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- He-Nan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yi Guo
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Wei Ma
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Jia Xue
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Wei-Lin Wang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Zheng-Wei Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
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96
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Bhatnagar V, Kulkarni SN, Muzammil MD. Anesthetic challenges in leaking meningomyelocele repair in a neonate. JOURNAL OF MARINE MEDICAL SOCIETY 2019. [DOI: 10.4103/jmms.jmms_71_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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97
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Li H, Zhang J, Niswander L. Zinc deficiency causes neural tube defects through attenuation of p53 ubiquitylation. Development 2018; 145:145/24/dev169797. [PMID: 30545932 DOI: 10.1242/dev.169797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Micronutrition is essential for neural tube closure, and zinc deficiency is associated with human neural tube defects. Here, we modeled zinc deficiency in mouse embryos, and used live imaging and molecular studies to determine how zinc deficiency affects neural tube closure. Embryos cultured with the zinc chelator TPEN failed to close the neural tube and showed excess apoptosis. TPEN-induced p53 protein stabilization in vivo and in neuroepithelial cell cultures and apoptosis was dependent on p53. Mechanistically, zinc deficiency resulted in disrupted interaction between p53 and the zinc-dependent E3 ubiquitin ligase Mdm2, and greatly reduced p53 ubiquitylation. Overexpression of human CHIP, a zinc-independent E3 ubiquitin ligase that targets p53, relieved TPEN-induced p53 stabilization and reduced apoptosis. Expression of p53 pro-apoptotic target genes was upregulated by zinc deficiency. Correspondingly, embryos cultured with p53 transcriptional activity inhibitor pifithrin-α could overcome TPEN-induced apoptosis and failure of neural tube closure. Our studies indicate that zinc deficiency disrupts neural tube closure through decreased p53 ubiquitylation, increased p53 stabilization and excess apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huili Li
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.,Department of Molecular, Cellular and Development Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.,Department of Molecular, Cellular and Development Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Lee Niswander
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA .,Department of Molecular, Cellular and Development Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
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98
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Maternal periconceptional consumption of sprouted potato and risks of neural tube defects and orofacial clefts. Nutr J 2018; 17:112. [PMID: 30486846 PMCID: PMC6262956 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-018-0420-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between maternal consumption of sprouted potato during periconceptional period on the development of neural tube defects (NTDs) or orofacial clefts (OFCs) remains unclear. We aimed to examine the association between maternal consumption of sprouted potatoes during periconceptional period and risks of NTDs or OFCs. METHODS Subjects included 622 NTD cases, 135 OFC cases and 858 nonmalformed controls, were recruited from a case-control study in Shanxi Province of northern China between 2002 and 2007. Information on demographics, maternal sprouted potato consumption, lifestyle behaviors and folic acid supplementation was collected. RESULTS Consumption of sprouted potatoes was associated with elevated odds of total NTDs (OR = 2.20; 95% CI, 1.12-4.32) and anencephaly (OR = 2.48; 95% CI, 1.10-5.58); no association for spina bifida or encephalocele. Sprouted potato consumption increased the risk of total OFCs (OR = 3.49; 95% CI, 1.29-9.49) and cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL ± P) (OR = 4.03; 95% CI, 1.44-11.28). CONCLUSION Maternal consumption of sprouted potatoes during periconceptional period may increase the risks of NTDs and OFCs. Given that potato is commonly consumed around the world, improper preservation and use should be a matter of concern in respect of the potential teratogenicity.
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99
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Shang Z, Chen D, Wang Q, Wang S, Deng Q, Wu L, Liu C, Ding X, Wang S, Zhong J, Zhang D, Cai X, Zhu S, Yang H, Liu L, Fink JL, Chen F, Liu X, Gao Z, Xu X. Single-cell RNA-seq reveals dynamic transcriptome profiling in human early neural differentiation. Gigascience 2018; 7:5099469. [PMID: 30239706 PMCID: PMC6420650 DOI: 10.1093/gigascience/giy117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Investigating cell fate decision and subpopulation specification in the context of the neural lineage is fundamental to understanding neurogenesis and neurodegenerative diseases. The differentiation process of neural-tube-like rosettes in vitro is representative of neural tube structures, which are composed of radially organized, columnar epithelial cells and give rise to functional neural cells. However, the underlying regulatory network of cell fate commitment during early neural differentiation remains elusive. Results In this study, we investigated the genome-wide transcriptome profile of single cells from six consecutive reprogramming and neural differentiation time points and identified cellular subpopulations present at each differentiation stage. Based on the inferred reconstructed trajectory and the characteristics of subpopulations contributing the most toward commitment to the central nervous system lineage at each stage during differentiation, we identified putative novel transcription factors in regulating neural differentiation. In addition, we dissected the dynamics of chromatin accessibility at the neural differentiation stages and revealed active cis-regulatory elements for transcription factors known to have a key role in neural differentiation as well as for those that we suggest are also involved. Further, communication network analysis demonstrated that cellular interactions most frequently occurred in the embryoid body stage and that each cell subpopulation possessed a distinctive spectrum of ligands and receptors associated with neural differentiation that could reflect the identity of each subpopulation. Conclusions Our study provides a comprehensive and integrative study of the transcriptomics and epigenetics of human early neural differentiation, which paves the way for a deeper understanding of the regulatory mechanisms driving the differentiation of the neural lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhouchun Shang
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China.,BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.,China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518120, China.,Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Innovative Molecular Diagnostics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Dongsheng Chen
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.,China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Quanlei Wang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.,China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518120, China.,Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Innovative Molecular Diagnostics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.,BGI Education Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Shengpeng Wang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.,China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Qiuting Deng
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.,China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Liang Wu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.,China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518120, China.,BGI Education Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518083, China.,Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neurogenomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Chuanyu Liu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.,China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518120, China.,BGI Education Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Xiangning Ding
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.,China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Shiyou Wang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.,China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Jixing Zhong
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.,China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Doudou Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen University 1st Affiliated Hospital, Shenzhen 518035, China
| | - Xiaodong Cai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen University 1st Affiliated Hospital, Shenzhen 518035, China
| | - Shida Zhu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.,China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518120, China.,Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Innovative Molecular Diagnostics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Huanming Yang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.,James D. Watson Institute of Genome Sciences, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Longqi Liu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.,China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - J Lynn Fink
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.,BGI Australia, L6, CBCRC, 300 Herston Rd, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia.,The University of Queensland, Diamantina Institute (UQDI), Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Fang Chen
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.,China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518120, China.,Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Xiaoqing Liu
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Zhengliang Gao
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Xun Xu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.,China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518120, China
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100
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Paudel S, Sindelar R, Saha M. Calcium Signaling in Vertebrate Development and Its Role in Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E3390. [PMID: 30380695 PMCID: PMC6274931 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence over the past three decades suggests that altered calcium signaling during development may be a major driving force for adult pathophysiological events. Well over a hundred human genes encode proteins that are specifically dedicated to calcium homeostasis and calcium signaling, and the majority of these are expressed during embryonic development. Recent advances in molecular techniques have identified impaired calcium signaling during development due to either mutations or dysregulation of these proteins. This impaired signaling has been implicated in various human diseases ranging from cardiac malformations to epilepsy. Although the molecular basis of these and other diseases have been well studied in adult systems, the potential developmental origins of such diseases are less well characterized. In this review, we will discuss the recent evidence that examines different patterns of calcium activity during early development, as well as potential medical conditions associated with its dysregulation. Studies performed using various model organisms, including zebrafish, Xenopus, and mouse, have underscored the critical role of calcium activity in infertility, abortive pregnancy, developmental defects, and a range of diseases which manifest later in life. Understanding the underlying mechanisms by which calcium regulates these diverse developmental processes remains a challenge; however, this knowledge will potentially enable calcium signaling to be used as a therapeutic target in regenerative and personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudip Paudel
- College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187, USA.
| | - Regan Sindelar
- College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187, USA.
| | - Margaret Saha
- College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187, USA.
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