51
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Mojgani N, Shahali Y, Dadar M. Immune modulatory capacity of probiotic lactic acid bacteria and applications in vaccine development. Benef Microbes 2020; 11:213-226. [PMID: 32216470 DOI: 10.3920/bm2019.0121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Vaccination is one of the most important prevention tools providing protection against infectious diseases especially in children below the age of five. According to estimates, more than 5 million lives are saved annually by the implementation of six standard vaccines, including diphtheria, hepatitis B, Haemophilus influenza type b, polio, tetanus and yellow fever. Despite these efforts, we are faced with challenges in developing countries where increasing population and increasing disease burden and difficulties in vaccine coverage and delivery cause significant morbidity and mortality. Additionally, the high cost of these vaccines is also one of the causes for inappropriate and inadequate vaccinations in these regions. Thus, developing cost-effective vaccine strategies that could provide a stronger immune response with reduced vaccination schedules and maximum coverage is of critical importance. In last decade, different approaches have been investigated; among which live bacterial vaccines have been the focus of attention. In this regard, probiotic lactic acid bacteria have been extensively studied as safe and effective vaccine candidates. These microorganisms represent the largest group of probiotic bacteria in the intestine and are generally recognised as safe (GRAS) bacteria. They have also attracted attention due to their immunomodulatory actions and their effective role as novel vaccine adjuvants. A significant property of these bacteria is their ability to mimic natural infections, while intrinsically possessing mucosal adjuvant properties. Additionally, as live bacterial vaccines are administered orally or nasally, they have higher acceptance and better safety, but also avoid the risk of contamination due to needles and syringes. In this review, we emphasise the role of probiotic Lactobacillus strains as putative oral vaccine carriers and novel vaccine adjuvants.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Mojgani
- Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute (RVSRI), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), P.O. Box 31975/148, Karaj, Iran
| | - Y Shahali
- Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute (RVSRI), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), P.O. Box 31975/148, Karaj, Iran
| | - M Dadar
- Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute (RVSRI), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), P.O. Box 31975/148, Karaj, Iran
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52
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Aranda-Olmedo I, Rubio LA. Dietary legumes, intestinal microbiota, inflammation and colorectal cancer. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.103707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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53
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Evaluation of functional properties of potential probiotic isolates from fermented brine pickle. Food Chem 2019; 311:126057. [PMID: 31869636 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.126057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Fermented foods have been consumed for centuries in various parts of the world and are known to be rich resources of functionally important microorganisms. This study documents the antioxidative, anticancer and enzyme-inhibiting properties of potential probiotic Bacillus strains isolated from fermented brine mango pickle. Antioxidant activity was determined through in-vitro assays namely, DPPH•, ABTS•+, hydroxyl radical scavenging ability, reducing activity, superoxide anion scavenging ability, linoleic acid and plasma lipid peroxidation ability. Both intact cells (IC) and intracellular cell-free extracts (CFE) from most of the strains exhibited prominent antioxidant activity. Likewise, CFE and intracellular cell-free supernatants (CFS) exhibited potential inhibitory activities towards α-amylase, α-glucosidase and tyrosinase. Interestingly, CFS and crude ethyl acetate extracts of PUFSTP35 (Bacillus licheniformis KT921419) displayed strong anticancer activity against HT-29 colon cancer cell line. Hence, these probiotic strains have been showed to exhibit unique functional properties and could be further commercially exploited.
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54
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Settanni CR, Quaranta G, Bibbò S, Gasbarrini A, Cammarota G, Ianiro G. Oral supplementation with lactobacilli to prevent colorectal cancer in preclinical models. MINERVA GASTROENTERO 2019; 66:48-69. [PMID: 31760735 DOI: 10.23736/s1121-421x.19.02631-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is still a major threat for public health, as it is the third most common cancer in men and the second in women and it ranks second among tumors in terms of mortality. Evidence from the last decades emphasizes the complex role of gut microbial composition in CRC development. Historically, it is believed that dairy products, a source of lactobacilli and other lactic acid bacteria, are beneficial for human health and help in preventing CRC. We searched online literature for trials evaluating the preventive role of lactobacilli in CRC animal models. Most of selected studied assessed a relevant role of lactobacilli in preventing CRC and precursor lesions. Mechanisms through which this effect was achieved are supposed to regard immunomodulation, regulation of apoptosis, gut microbial modulation, genes expression, reduction of oxidative stress and others. Lactobacilli oral supplementation is reported to be effective in preventing CRC in animal models, even if the underlying mechanisms of action are still not fully understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo R Settanni
- Digestive Disease Center, Agostino Gemelli University Polyclinic, IRCCS and Foundation, Sacred Heart Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Quaranta
- Institute of Microbiology, Agostino Gemelli University Polyclinic, IRCCS and Foundation, Sacred Heart Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Bibbò
- Digestive Disease Center, Agostino Gemelli University Polyclinic, IRCCS and Foundation, Sacred Heart Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- Digestive Disease Center, Agostino Gemelli University Polyclinic, IRCCS and Foundation, Sacred Heart Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Cammarota
- Digestive Disease Center, Agostino Gemelli University Polyclinic, IRCCS and Foundation, Sacred Heart Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Ianiro
- Digestive Disease Center, Agostino Gemelli University Polyclinic, IRCCS and Foundation, Sacred Heart Catholic University, Rome, Italy -
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55
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Peng M, Zheng Q, Liu P, Liang X, Zhang M, Wang Y, Zhao Y. Developments in the study of gastrointestinal microbiome disorders affected by FGF19 in the occurrence and development of colorectal neoplasms. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:4060-4069. [PMID: 31637718 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal neoplasms are a type of malignant digestive system tumor that has become the third-highest morbidity tumor in China and the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. The role of the gastrointestinal (GI) microbiome in bile acid metabolism, inflammation, and insulin resistance and its strong correlation with the occurrence and development of colorectal neoplasms have gradually led to it becoming a target area of tumor research. Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 19 is a hormone that is secreted in mainly the ileum and can regulate bile acid biosynthesis, improve inflammation, and regulate insulin resistance. The relationship of the GI microbiome, FGF19 and its carcinogenic activities in colorectal neoplasms enticed us to search for potential targets and research ideas for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of colorectal neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meichang Peng
- Basic Medical School, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China.,Second School of Clinical Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiaowen Zheng
- Basic Medical School, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Peiqi Liu
- Second School of Clinical Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Xinyun Liang
- Basic Medical School, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Basic Medical School, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Basic Medical School, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Yi Zhao
- Basic Medical School, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
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56
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Shahi SK, Zarei K, Guseva NV, Mangalam AK. Microbiota Analysis Using Two-step PCR and Next-generation 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing. J Vis Exp 2019. [PMID: 31680682 DOI: 10.3791/59980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The human gut is colonized by trillions of bacteria that support physiologic functions such as food metabolism, energy harvesting, and regulation of the immune system. Perturbation of the healthy gut microbiome has been suggested to play a role in the development of inflammatory diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS). Environmental and genetic factors can influence the composition of the microbiome; therefore, identification of microbial communities linked with a disease phenotype has become the first step towards defining the microbiome's role in health and disease. Use of 16S rRNA metagenomic sequencing for profiling bacterial community has helped in advancing microbiome research. Despite its wide use, there is no uniform protocol for 16S rRNA-based taxonomic profiling analysis. Another limitation is the low resolution of taxonomic assignment due to technical difficulties such as smaller sequencing reads, as well as use of only forward (R1) reads in the final analysis due to low quality of reverse (R2) reads. There is need for a simplified method with high resolution to characterize bacterial diversity in a given biospecimen. Advancements in sequencing technology with the ability to sequence longer reads at high resolution have helped to overcome some of these challenges. Present sequencing technology combined with a publicly available metagenomic analysis pipeline such as R-based Divisive Amplicon Denoising Algorithm-2 (DADA2) has helped advance microbial profiling at high resolution, as DADA2 can assign sequence at the genus and species levels. Described here is a guide for performing bacterial profiling using two-step amplification of the V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene, followed by analysis using freely available analysis tools (i.e., DADA2, Phyloseq, and METAGENassist). It is believed that this simple and complete workflow will serve as an excellent tool for researchers interested in performing microbiome profiling studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kasra Zarei
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Iowa
| | | | - Ashutosh K Mangalam
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa; Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Iowa; Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa; Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Iowa;
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57
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Chandel D, Sharma M, Chawla V, Sachdeva N, Shukla G. Isolation, characterization and identification of antigenotoxic and anticancerous indigenous probiotics and their prophylactic potential in experimental colon carcinogenesis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14769. [PMID: 31611620 PMCID: PMC6791833 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51361-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer, the third most commonly diagnosed cancer, is a lifestyle disease where diet and gut microbiome contribute intricately in its initiation and progression. Prophylactic bio-interventions mainly probiotics offer an alternate approach towards reducing or delaying its progression. Therefore, the present study was designed wherein a robust protocol for the isolation, characterization, and identification of indigenous probiotics having antigenotoxic and anticancerous activity was followed along with their prophylactic potential assessment in early experimental colorectal carcinogenesis. Among forty-six isolated lactic acid bacterial strains, only three were selected on the basis of antigenotoxicity against N,N-Dimethyl dihydrazine dihydrochloride and 4-Nitroquinoline 1-oxide and probiotic attributes. All three selected probiotic strains exhibited anticancerous potential as is evident by the reduced Aberrant Crypt Foci, reduced fecal pH, enhanced fecal lactic acid bacteria and altered fecal enzymes (β-glucuronidase, nitroreductase, β-glucosidase) that modulated gut microbiota and microenvironment resulting into restored histoarchitecture of the colon. The results are a clear indicator of the prophylactic potential of selected indigenous probiotics which may be used as an alternative prophylactic biological therapy against colon carcinogenesis particularly in highly susceptible individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Chandel
- Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Mridul Sharma
- Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Vibhindika Chawla
- Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Naresh Sachdeva
- Department of Endocrinology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Geeta Shukla
- Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
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58
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Liu J, Tan F, Liu X, Yi R, Zhao X. Exploring the Antioxidant Effects and Periodic Regulation of Cancer Cells by Polyphenols Produced by the Fermentation of Grape Skin by Lactobacillus plantarum KFY02. Biomolecules 2019; 9:E575. [PMID: 31590429 PMCID: PMC6843798 DOI: 10.3390/biom9100575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactobacillus plantarum KFY02 (LP-KFY02) was isolated from naturally fermented yoghurt in Xinjiang. We previously demonstrated that LP-KFY02 has good biological activity in vitro. In this study, LP-KFY02 was used to ferment grape skin, and the LP-KFY02 fermented grape skin extract solution (KFSE) was examined for its antioxidant ability in a human embryonic kidney (293T) cell oxidative damage model caused by H2O2 and its inhibitory effect on human hepatoma (HepG2) cells. The results showed that KFSE reduced the degree of oxidative damage in 293T cells, increased the relevant expression levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH), and GSH-peroxidase (GSH-Px), and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), and decreased the expression levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), malondialdehyde (MDA), and nitric oxide (NO). The expression of genes and proteins of SOD, CAT, GSH, and GSH-Px was up-regulated. In addition, KFSE-induced growth inhibition appeared to be through induction of cell-cycle arrest. This induction was accompanied by a reduction in the expression of cell-cycle genes, such as cyclin-D1 and CDK4. In addition, KFSE induced gene expression of p21, the apoptosis gene wild-type p53 and the caspase family. At the protein expression level, Bax and Caspase-8 were up-regulated, and the inflammatory marker Nuclear Factor Kappa-B (NF-κB) was down-regulated. The fermentation solution polyphenols were separated and identified as epicatechin gallate, coumarin, new chlorogenic acid, rutin, resveratrol, chlorogenic acid, rosmarinic acid, etc. by HPLC. Overall, these results demonstrate that KFSE significantly attenuated oxidative damage in 293T cells and inhibited tumor growth in HepG2 cancer cells, induces cell-cycle arrest and affects proteins involved in cell-cycle regulation and proliferation. This suggests that KFSE may also be explored as a neo-adjuvant to expansion of hepatoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liu
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China.
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China.
- Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China.
| | - Fang Tan
- Department of Public Health, Our Lady of Fatima University, Valenzuela 838, Philippines.
| | - Xinhong Liu
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China.
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China.
- Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China.
- College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China.
| | - Ruokun Yi
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China.
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China.
- Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China.
| | - Xin Zhao
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China.
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China.
- Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China.
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59
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Probiotic Supplementation is Associated with Increased Antioxidant Capacity and Copper Chelation in C. difficile-Infected Fecal Water. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11092007. [PMID: 31454897 PMCID: PMC6769851 DOI: 10.3390/nu11092007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotic supplementation plays a key role in maintaining intestinal homeostasis due to its ability to modulate gut microbiota. Although their potential as potent antioxidants have previously been explored, their ability to affect the redox status in the gut lumen of healthy subjects or those with gastrointestinal (GI) disorders remains unclear. In our study, we assessed the ability of single strain and multispecies probiotic supplementation to cause a change in the redox status of normal fecal water and in Clostridium (C.) difficile-infected fecal water using a simulated gastrointestinal model. Changes in redox status were assessed by ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), 2’,2’-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and iron and copper chelation assays. The findings from our study showed that in normal fecal water, probiotic supplements, apart from Lactobacillus (L.) rhamnosus R0011, showed a significant increase in iron chelation (p < 0.05), which was associated with lower FRAP and copper chelation. In C. difficile-infected fecal water, all probiotic supplements showed a significant increase in FRAP (p < 0.05) and were associated with increased copper chelation. The DPPH assay showed no treatment effect in either fecal water. These findings suggest that C. difficile mediates dysregulation of redox status, which is counteracted by probiotics through ferric-reducing ability and copper chelation.
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60
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Chattopadhyay S, Khatun S, Maity M, Jana S, Perveen H, Dash M, Dey A, Jana LR, Maity PP. Association of Vitamin B 12, Lactate Dehydrogenase, and Regulation of NF-κB in the Mitigation of Sodium Arsenite-Induced ROS Generation in Uterine Tissue by Commercially Available Probiotics. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2019; 11:30-42. [PMID: 28994024 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-017-9333-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Managing arsenic intoxication with conventional metal chelators is a global challenge. The present study demonstrated the therapeutic role of probiotics against arsenic-induced oxidative stress and female reproductive dysfunction. Sodium arsenite-treated (1.0 mg/100 g body weight) Wistar female rats were followed up by a post-treatment of commercially available probiotic mixture in powder form (0.25 mg/100 g body weight) orally. Rats that experienced arsenic ingestion showed a significant lessening in the activities of uterine superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase activities, and the level of non-protein soluble thiol (NPSH) with a concomitant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) and conjugated dienes (CD). Exposure to arsenic significantly lowered the levels of vitamin B12 and estradiol. Exposure to arsenic highly expressed the inflammatory marker and transcription factor NF-κB. Arsenic-mediated instability of these above parameters was controlled by the probiotics with a rebuilding of better function of anti-oxidant components. Besides its function in regulating endogenous anti-oxidant system, probiotics were able to augment the protection against mutagenic uterine DNA-breakage, necrosis, and ovarian-uterine tissue damages in arsenicated rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandip Chattopadhyay
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science and Management, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, 721102, India. .,Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics division, (UGC Innovative Department), Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, 721102, India.
| | - Shamima Khatun
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science and Management, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, 721102, India.,Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics division, (UGC Innovative Department), Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, 721102, India
| | - Moulima Maity
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science and Management, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, 721102, India.,Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics division, (UGC Innovative Department), Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, 721102, India
| | - Suryashis Jana
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science and Management, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, 721102, India.,Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics division, (UGC Innovative Department), Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, 721102, India
| | - Hasina Perveen
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science and Management, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, 721102, India.,Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics division, (UGC Innovative Department), Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, 721102, India
| | - Moumita Dash
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science and Management, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, 721102, India.,Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics division, (UGC Innovative Department), Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, 721102, India
| | - Arindam Dey
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science and Management, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, 721102, India.,Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics division, (UGC Innovative Department), Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, 721102, India
| | - Lipi Rani Jana
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science and Management, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, 721102, India.,Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics division, (UGC Innovative Department), Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, 721102, India
| | - Pikash Pratim Maity
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science and Management, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, 721102, India.,Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics division, (UGC Innovative Department), Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, 721102, India
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61
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Reis SAD, da Conceição LL, Peluzio MDCG. Intestinal microbiota and colorectal cancer: changes in the intestinal microenvironment and their relation to the disease. J Med Microbiol 2019; 68:1391-1407. [PMID: 31424382 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tools that predict the risk of colorectal cancer are important for early diagnosis, given the high mortality rate for this cancer. The composition of the intestinal microbiota is now considered to be a risk factor for the development of colorectal cancer. This discovery has motivated a growing number of studies to identify the micro-organisms responsible for the onset and/or progression of colorectal cancer. With this in mind, this review discusses the relationship between the composition of the intestinal microbiota and colorectal cancer risk. Prospective and case-control studies indicate that the intestinal microbiota of individuals with colorectal cancer usually contains a greater proportion of bacteria responsible for gastrointestinal tract inflammatory diseases, as well as bacteria that produce toxins and carcinogenic metabolites. In contrast, there tends to be a reduced presence of butyric acid-producing bacteria, probiotic bacteria and potentially probiotic bacteria. Despite these differences, the onset and development of colorectal cancer cannot be attributed to a specific micro-organism. Thus, studies focused on the formation of the intestinal microbiota and factors that modulate its composition are important for the development of approaches for colorectal cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Aparecida Dos Reis
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Lisiane Lopes da Conceição
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
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62
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Dey P. Gut microbiota in phytopharmacology: A comprehensive overview of concepts, reciprocal interactions, biotransformations and mode of actions. Pharmacol Res 2019; 147:104367. [PMID: 31344423 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The dynamic and delicate interactions amongst intestinal microbiota, metabolome and metabolism dictates human health and disease. In recent years, our understanding of gut microbial regulation of intestinal immunometabolic and redox homeostasis have evolved mainly out of in vivo studies associated with high-fat feeding induced metabolic diseases. Techniques utilizing fecal transplantation and germ-free mice have been instrumental in reproducibly demonstrating how the gut microbiota affects disease pathogenesis. However, the pillars of modern drug discovery i.e. evidence-based pharmacological studies critically lack focus on intestinal microflora. This is primarily due to targeted in vitro molecular-approaches at cellular-level that largely overlook the etiology of disease pathogenesis from the physiological perspective. Thus, this review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the key notions of intestinal microbiota and dysbiosis, and highlight the microbiota-phytochemical bidirectional interactions that affects bioavailability and bioactivity of parent phytochemicals and their metabolites. Potentially by focusing on the three major aspects of gut microbiota i.e. microbial abundance, diversity, and functions, I will discuss phytochemical-microbiota reciprocal interactions, biotransformation of phytochemicals and plant-derived drugs, and pre-clinical and clinical efficacies of herbal medicine on dysbiosis. Additionally, in relation to phytochemical pharmacology, I will briefly discuss the role of dietary-patterns associated with changes in microbial profiles and review pharmacological study models considering possible microbial effects. This review therefore, emphasize on the timely and critically needed evidence-based phytochemical studies focusing on gut microbiota and will provide newer insights for future pre-clinical and clinical phytopharmacological interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyankar Dey
- Human Nutrition Program, Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
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63
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Rong J, Liu S, Hu C, Liu C. Single probiotic supplement suppresses colitis-associated colorectal tumorigenesis by modulating inflammatory development and microbial homeostasis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 34:1182-1192. [PMID: 30357910 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.14516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Chronic inflammation is a major contributor to the initiation and progression of cancers. Lactobacillus helveticus NS8, which was originally separated from fermented koumiss, exhibited anti-inflammatory functions in our prior studies. In this study, NS8 was investigated for its potential to prevent colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC). METHODS The protective effects of NS8 against CAC was explored by employing the azoxymethane plus dextran sodium sulfate-induced carcinogenesis mouse model. The prevalences of T cells expressing specific inflammatory cytokines were measured by flow cytometry at the early stage of CAC. Inflammatory modulation by NS8 was also tested in the Caco2-Raw264.7 cell co-culture system. The alternations in the intestinal microbiota following the health-inflammation-cancer sequence were analyzed by 16S rDNA sequencing. RESULTS Oral intake of NS8 lactobacilli clearly reduced tumor number and the degree of hyperplasia. The increased proliferation of enterocytes at the early stage of CAC was significantly suppressed by NS8, while the level of apoptosis was elevated. The anticancer effects of NS8 were associated with its anti-colitis outcomes before tumor formation. NS8 significantly suppressed the activation of NF-κB and upregulated the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. Further analysis revealed the marked downregulation of IL-17-producing T cells by NS8. Furthermore, NS8 modulated intestinal dysbiosis by promoting beneficial commensal microbes while suppressing cancer-associated microbes. Notably, Bacteroides acidifaciens was the most sensitive commensal bacteria to NS8 intervention. CONCLUSION These results provide insight into the protective effects of L. helveticus NS8 against colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Rong
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuzhan Liu
- School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chao Hu
- School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chen Liu
- School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
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Altered intestinal microbiota associated with colorectal cancer. Front Med 2019; 13:461-470. [PMID: 31250341 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-019-0695-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiota plays an important role in the development and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). To learn more about the dysbiosis of carcinogenesis, we assessed alterations in gut microbiota in patients with CRC. A total of 23 subjects were enrolled in this study: 9 had CRC (CRC group) and 14 had normal colons (normal group). The microbiome of the mucosal-luminal interface of each subject was sampled and analyzed using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. We also used Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States (PICRUSt) to predict microbial functional profiles. The microbial composition of the mucosal lumen differed between the groups, and the presence of specific bacteria may serve as a potential biomarker for colorectal carcinogenesis. We identified a significant reduction in Eubacterium, which is a butyrate-producing genera of bacteria, and a significant increase in Devosia in the gut microbiota of CRC patients. Different levels of gut microflora in healthy and CRC samples were identified. The observed abundance of bacterial species belonging to Eubacterium and Devosia may serve as a promising biomarker for the early detection of CRC.
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65
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Karimi Ardestani S, Tafvizi F, Tajabadi Ebrahimi M. Heat-killed probiotic bacteria induce apoptosis of HT-29 human colon adenocarcinoma cell line via the regulation of Bax/Bcl2 and caspases pathway. Hum Exp Toxicol 2019; 38:1069-1081. [PMID: 31117840 DOI: 10.1177/0960327119851255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis induction in cancer cells is one of the most efficient ways to treat cancer and find anticancer compounds. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of heat-killed indigenous probiotic bacteria and apoptosis induction in the HT-29 human colon adenocarcinoma cell line. The growth-inhibitory effects of probiotic heat-killed Lactobacillus brevis and Lactobacillus paracasei isolated from the traditional Iranian food "Terxine" on the HT-29 cell line were determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Flow cytometry by Annexin-FITC kit, DNA fragmentation assay, 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole staining, and the expression of Bax, Bcl2, caspase-3, and caspase-9 were used to analyze apoptosis. MTT results demonstrated that the heat-killed bacteria inhibited the proliferation of HT-29 cells and induced apoptosis in a time-, dose-, and strain-dependent manner. The results demonstrated that both bacteria could induce apoptosis in the HT-29 cell line. Heat-killed probiotic bacteria increased the expression of Bax, caspase-3, and caspase-9 mRNA levels in HT-29 cell lines. Also, heat-killed probiotic bacteria reduced the expression of Bcl2 in HT-29 cells. The heat-killed probiotic bacteria in this study exhibited potent growth inhibitory effects on cancer cells. The results demonstrated that L. brevis has a greater ability to inhibit the growth of HT-29 cells and induce apoptosis, compared with L. paracasei. It is proposed that these bacteria can be used as biological products for the treatment and prevention of cancer, pending further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Karimi Ardestani
- 1 Department of Biology, Parand Branch, Islamic Azad University, Parand, Iran
| | - F Tafvizi
- 1 Department of Biology, Parand Branch, Islamic Azad University, Parand, Iran
| | - M Tajabadi Ebrahimi
- 2 Department of Biology, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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66
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Jones RB, Alderete TL, Kim JS, Millstein J, Gilliland FD, Goran MI. High intake of dietary fructose in overweight/obese teenagers associated with depletion of Eubacterium and Streptococcus in gut microbiome. Gut Microbes 2019; 10:712-719. [PMID: 30991877 PMCID: PMC6866686 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2019.1592420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: A western high fat, high carbohydrate diet has been shown to be associated with decreased gut bacterial diversity and reductions in beneficial bacteria. This gut bacteria dysbiosis could develop in early life and contribute to chronic disease risk such as obesity, type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.Objective: To determine how dietary macronutrients are associated with the relative abundance of gut bacteria in healthy adolescents.Methods: Fifty-two obese participants (12-19 years) from two studies, many who were primarily of Hispanic background, provided fecal samples for 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Dietary macronutrients were assessed using 24-hour diet recalls and body composition was assessed using DEXA. General regression models assuming a negative binomial distribution were used to examine the associations between gut bacteria and dietary fiber, saturated fat, unsaturated fats, protein, added sugar, total sugar and free fructose after adjusting for age, gender, race/ethnicity, body fat percentage, study and caloric intake.Results: The genera Eubacterium (Benjamini-Hochberg (BH) corrected p-value = 0.10) and Streptococcus (BH corrected p-value = 0.04) were inversely associated with dietary fructose intake. There were no other significant associations between abundances of gut microbes and other dietary macronutrients, including fiber, fat, protein, total sugar or added sugar.Conclusions: High dietary fructose was associated with lower abundance of the beneficial microbes Eubacterium and Streptococcus, which are involved with carbohydrate metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshonda B Jones
- Department of Pediatrics, The Saban Research Institute, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA,CONTACT Michael I. Goran, PhD Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine of USC, The Saban Research Institute, Children’s Hospital of Los Angeles, 4661 Sunset Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
| | - Tanya L Alderete
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Jeniffer S Kim
- Division of Environmental Health, Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Joshua Millstein
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Frank D Gilliland
- Division of Environmental Health, Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michael I Goran
- Department of Pediatrics, The Saban Research Institute, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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67
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Jacouton E, Torres Maravilla E, Boucard AS, Pouderous N, Pessoa Vilela AP, Naas I, Chain F, Azevedo V, Langella P, Bermúdez-Humarán LG. Anti-tumoral Effects of Recombinant Lactococcus lactis Strain Secreting IL-17A Cytokine. Front Microbiol 2019; 9:3355. [PMID: 30728820 PMCID: PMC6351453 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.03355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-17A (IL-17A) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine produced by TH17 cells that participates and contributes in host defense and autoimmune disease. We have recently reported antitumor properties of the probiotic strain of Lactobacillus casei BL23 in mice and TH17 cells was shown to play an important role in this beneficial effect. In order to better understand the role of IL-17A in cancer, we constructed a recombinant strain of Lactococcus lactis producing this cytokine and we determined its biological activity in: (i) a bioassay test for the induction of IL-6 production by murine fibroblasts 3T3 L1 cells line and (ii) in a mouse allograft model of human papilloma virus (HPV)-induced cancer. Our data show that recombinant L. lactis produces and efficiently secretes biologically active IL-17A cytokine. Interestingly, ∼26% of mice intranasally treated with L. lactis-IL-17A and challenged with TC-1 cells remained tumor free over the experiment, in contrast to control mice treated with the wild type strain of L. lactis which developed 100% of aggressive tumors. In addition, the median size of the ∼74% tumor-bearing mice treated with recombinant L. lactis-IL-17A, was significantly lower than mice treated with L. lactis-wt. Altogether, our results demonstrate that intranasal administration with L. lactis secreting IL-17A results in a partial protection against TC-1-induced tumors in mice, confirming antitumor effects of this cytokine in our cancer model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa Jacouton
- Micalis Institute, AgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | | | - Anne-Sophie Boucard
- Micalis Institute, AgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Nicolas Pouderous
- Micalis Institute, AgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Ana Paula Pessoa Vilela
- Micalis Institute, AgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France.,Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Isabelle Naas
- Micalis Institute, AgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Florian Chain
- Micalis Institute, AgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Vasco Azevedo
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Philippe Langella
- Micalis Institute, AgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
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68
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The Impact of Cholecystectomy on the Gut Microbiota: A Case-Control Study. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8010079. [PMID: 30641967 PMCID: PMC6352247 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8010079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Revised: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholecystectomy alters the bile flow into the intestine and the enterohepatic circulation of the bile acids; this may affect the gut microbiota. We assessed the gut microbiota composition of patients who had undergone cholecystectomy and compared with those who had not. From a cohort of 1463 adult participants who underwent comprehensive health screening examinations, 27 subjects who had undergone cholecystectomy (cholecystectomy group) and 81 age- and sex-matched subjects who had not (control group) were selected. Clinical parameters were collected and compared. Microbial composition was determined by 16S rRNA gene sequencing of DNA extracted from fecal samples. We evaluated differences in the overall microbial composition and in the abundance of taxa. The two groups were comparable with respect to clinical characteristics and laboratory results. The actual number of taxa observed in a sample (observed features) was significantly lower in the cholecystectomy group than in the control group (p = 0.042). The beta diversity of Jaccard distance index was significantly different between the two groups (p = 0.027). Blautia obeum and Veillonella parvula were more abundant in the cholecystectomy group. The difference in the diversity of the gut microbiota between the cholecystectomy and control groups was subtle. However, B. obeum and V. parvula, which have azoreductase activity, were more abundant in the cholecystectomy group. The impact of such changes in the gut microbiota on health remains to be determined.
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69
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Jacouton E, Michel ML, Torres-Maravilla E, Chain F, Langella P, Bermúdez-Humarán LG. Elucidating the Immune-Related Mechanisms by Which Probiotic Strain Lactobacillus casei BL23 Displays Anti-tumoral Properties. Front Microbiol 2019; 9:3281. [PMID: 30687269 PMCID: PMC6336716 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.03281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We have recently described antitumor properties of Lactobacillus casei BL23 strain in both a mouse allograft model of human papilloma virus (HPV)-induced cancer and dimethylhydrazine-associated colorectal cancer. However, the mechanisms underlying these beneficial effects are still unknown. Interestingly, in vitro cellular models show that this bacterium is able to stimulate the production of high levels of IL-2. Because this cytokine has well-known antitumor properties, we decided to explore its role in the anti-cancer effects of BL23 using the HPV-induced cancer model. We found a negative correlation between IL-2 and tumor size confirming the necessity of IL-2 to protect from tumor development. Then, we blocked IL-2 synthesis using neutralizing monoclonal antibodies in mice that were challenged with lethal levels of tumor cells; this led to a significant reduction in the protective abilities of BL23. Next, we used a genetically modified strain of Lactococcus lactis to deliver exogenous IL-2 to the system, and in doing so, we were able to partially mimic the antitumor properties of BL23. Additionally, we showed the systemic role of T-cells in tumor protection through a negative correlation between tumor size and T-cells subpopulations and an increasement of BL23-specific local Foxp3 levels in tumor-bearing mice. Finally, we observed a negative correlation between tumor size and NK+ cells, but local recruitment of NK cells and cytotoxic activity appeared specific to BL23 treatment. Taken together, our data suggest that IL-2 signaling pathway plays an important role in the anti-tumoral effects of probiotic strain L. casei BL23. These results encourage further investigation in the use of probiotic strains for potential therapeutic applications to clinical practice, in particular for the treatment of colorectal cancer. Furthermore, our approach could be extended and applied to other potential beneficial microorganisms, such as gut microbiota, in order to better understand the crosstalk between microbes and the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa Jacouton
- Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Marie-Laure Michel
- Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | | | - Florian Chain
- Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Philippe Langella
- Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
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70
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Taherian M, Mahin Samadi P, Rastegar H, Faramarzi MA, Rostami-Nejad M, Yazdi MH, Rezaei-Tavirani M, Yazdi Z. An Overview on Probiotics as an Alternative Strategy for Prevention and Treatment of Human Diseases. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2019; 18:31-50. [PMID: 32802088 PMCID: PMC7393061 DOI: 10.22037/ijpr.2020.112232.13620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Probiotics are viable and useful microorganisms, which are beneficial factors for human and animal health by altering their microbial flora. Most of the probiotics belong to a large group of bacteria in the human gastrointestinal tract. There are several clinical shreds of evidence that show anti-carcinogenic effects of probiotics through altering digestive enzymes, inhibition of carcinogenic agents, and modulating the immune responses in experimental animals. Many studies have been performed to evaluate the potential effectiveness of probiotics in treating or preventing neurological diseases such as MS and novel treatment modality for T1D. The purpose of this study is to have an overview on probiotic microorganisms and to review the previous researches on the effects of probiotics on health through currently available literatures. The study was performed using following keywords; Probiotics, Cancer, Immune system, Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and Diabetes mellitus. PubMed/Medline, Clinicaltrials.gov, Ovid, Google Scholar, and Reaxcys databases used to find the full text of related articles. According to the current available data on probiotics and related health-promoting benefits, it seems that, consumption of probiotics can lead to the prevention and reduction the risk of cancer, diabetes, and multiple sclerosis. Although for the better and more decisive conclusion, there is a need to larger sample size clinical studies with more focus on the safety of these biological agents and their possible beneficial effects on different population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Taherian
- Food and Drug Laboratory Research Center, Iran Food and Drug Organization (FDO), Ministry of Health and Medical Education (MOH), Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Pariya Mahin Samadi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hossein Rastegar
- Food and Drug Cosmetic Research Center, Iran Food and Drug Organization (FDO), Ministry of Health and Medical Education (MOH), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Ali Faramarzi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Biotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Rostami-Nejad
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Hossein Yazdi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Recombinant Vaccine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Evidence-based Evaluation of Cost-Effectiveness and Clinical Outcomes, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mostafa Rezaei-Tavirani
- Proteomics Research Center, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Zeinab Yazdi
- Department of Medicine and epidemiology, School of veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, USA.
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71
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Cloning and Expression of Lipopolysaccharide Elimination Protein (LEP) in Lactic Acid Bacteria. Methods Mol Biol 2018. [PMID: 30506259 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8907-2_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is related to human inflammation. Therefore, in the probiotics research field, controlling the mechanisms of LPS neutralization and elimination of inflammation of human intestines are important. This chapter presents a description of the identification of LPS elimination protein (LEP) in lactic acid bacteria (LAB), cloning of its protein, and its expression. First, LEP is extracted from the LAB cell wall digestion fraction using Blue Native PAGE. Then LEP is identified by the elimination activity of LPS on gel pieces. Results show that the LEP is an approx. 200 kDa protein part of heat shock protein in lactic acid bacteria. After sequencing amino acids of LEP, LEP cloning is done using a Brevibacillus sp. expression system without a general transformation system but with Gram-negative Escherichia coli having LPS. Results presented in this chapter demonstrate the elimination activity of recombinant LEP.
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72
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Gholizadeh P, Mahallei M, Pormohammad A, Varshochi M, Ganbarov K, Zeinalzadeh E, Yousefi B, Bastami M, Tanomand A, Mahmood SS, Yousefi M, Asgharzadeh M, Kafil HS. Microbial balance in the intestinal microbiota and its association with diabetes, obesity and allergic disease. Microb Pathog 2018; 127:48-55. [PMID: 30503960 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have been considered to symbiotic interactions of the human gastrointestinal microbiota and human lifestyle-related disorders. The human gastrointestinal microbiota continuously stimulates the immune system against opportunistic and pathogen bacteria from infancy. Changes in gastrointestinal microbiota have been associated with numbers of human diseases such as allergic diseases, autoimmune encephalitis, atherosclerosis, colorectal cancer, obesity, diabetes etc. In this review article, we evaluate studies on the roles of human gastrointestinal microbiota and interference pathogenicity in allergic diseases, obesity, and diabetes. Several studies indicated association between allergic diseases and changes in bacterial balance such as increased of Clostridium spp., some species of Bifidobacterium spp., or decreased of Bacteroidetes phylum and some species of Bifiobacterium spp. and production of specific short-chain fatty acids due to food type, delivery modes of infant, infant evolvement environment and time of getting bacteria at an early-life age. In addition, obesity and diabetes are associated with food type, production of short chain fatty acids undergo fermentation of the intestinal microbiota, metabolic endotoxemia, endocannabinoid system and properties of the immune system. Well-characterized underlying mechanisms may provide novel strategies for using prebiotic and probiotic to prevent and treatment of allergic diseases, obesity, diabetes, and other lifestyle-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pourya Gholizadeh
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Majid Mahallei
- Children Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Pormohammad
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Varshochi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Elham Zeinalzadeh
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Bahman Yousefi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Milad Bastami
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Asghar Tanomand
- Department of Basic Sciences, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Suhad Saad Mahmood
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Mehdi Yousefi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Asgharzadeh
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hossein Samadi Kafil
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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73
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Jayachandran M, Chen J, Chung SSM, Xu B. A critical review on the impacts of β-glucans on gut microbiota and human health. J Nutr Biochem 2018; 61:101-110. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2018.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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74
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Norouzi Z, Salimi A, Halabian R, Fahimi H. Nisin, a potent bacteriocin and anti-bacterial peptide, attenuates expression of metastatic genes in colorectal cancer cell lines. Microb Pathog 2018; 123:183-189. [PMID: 30017942 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is the third most common cause of cancer-related death in the world which genetic and environmental agents are responsible for cancer. When cells detach from the tumor and invade surrounding tissues, the tumor is malignant and may form secondary tumors at other locations in a process called metastasis. Probiotics are the largest group of inhabitation bacteria in the colon. Gut microbiota has a central role in prevented the risk colon cancer. Probiotics are beneficial microorganisms, like Lactic acid bacteria and Lactobacilli bacteria which are using in the dairy industry. Probiotics nisin are having the most important category of safe usage. In this study LS180, SW48, HT29 and Caco2 was cultured and treated with different dose of nisin. Cell proliferation was assayed with MTT. The expression of CEA, CEAM6 and MMP2F genes was analyzed with Real-time PCR. Protein expression of CEA was evacuated with ELISA. Our result was shown that the 40-50 IU/mL nisin could suppress proliferation of LS180. Cell proliferation of SW48, HT29, Caco2 cells was decreased in 250-350 IU/mL concentration of nisin. The gene expression of CEA, CEAM6, MMP2F was significantly down-regulated with nisin treatment (p < 0.001, p < 0.01). Also, after cells treated with nisin, CEA protein expression was down regulated (p < 0.01). In conclusion, nisin could suppressed metastatic process via down-regulation of CEA, CEAM6, MMP2F, MMP9F genes. We suggested the new treatment strategies beyond Probiotics, which play a role in the prevention local tumor invasion, metastasis and recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Norouzi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Salimi
- Nanobiotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Raheleh Halabian
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hossein Fahimi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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75
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Casanova MR, Azevedo-Silva J, Rodrigues LR, Preto A. Colorectal Cancer Cells Increase the Production of Short Chain Fatty Acids by Propionibacterium freudenreichii Impacting on Cancer Cells Survival. Front Nutr 2018; 5:44. [PMID: 29881727 PMCID: PMC5976756 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2018.00044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Propionibacterium freudenreichii is a commercially relevant bacterium with probiotic potential. This bacterium can exert protective effects particularly against colorectal cancer (CRC), via the production of short chain fatty acids (SCFA), namely acetate and propionate. In this work, we aimed to evaluate the performance and adaptation capacity of P. freudenreichii to a simulated digestive stress using different culture media, namely YEL, Basal medium, Mimicking the Content of the Human Colon medium (MCHC) and DMEM. The effect of the fermented culture broth on CRC cells survival and of CRC cells conditioned media on the bacteria performance was also evaluated. Basal medium was found to be the best for P. freudenreichii to produce SCFA. MCHC medium, despite being the medium in which lower amounts of acetate and propionate were produced, showed higher acetate and propionate yields as compared to other media. We also observed that the presence of lactate in CRC cells conditioned growth medium resulting from cell metabolism, leads to an increased production of SCFA by the bacteria. The bacterial fermented broth successfully inhibited CRC cells proliferation and increased cell death. Our results showed for the first time that P. freudenreichii performance might be stimulated by extracellular lactate produced by CRC metabolic switch also known as "Warburg effect," where cancer cells "ferment" glucose into lactate. Additionally, our results suggest that P. freudenreichii could be potentially used as a probiotic in CRC prevention at early stages of the carcinogenesis process and might help in CRC therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta R Casanova
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - João Azevedo-Silva
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Ligia R Rodrigues
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Ana Preto
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
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76
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Gut microbiome of Moroccan colorectal cancer patients. Med Microbiol Immunol 2018; 207:211-225. [PMID: 29687353 PMCID: PMC6096775 DOI: 10.1007/s00430-018-0542-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Although colorectal cancer is the third leading cause of death in Morocco, there are no studies of the microbiome changes associated with the disease in the Moroccan population. The aim of our study was to compare the stool microbiome of Moroccan cancer patients with healthy individuals. We analyzed the microbiome composition of samples from 11 CRC patients and 12 healthy individuals by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Principal coordinate analysis of samples revealed defined cancer versus healthy clusters. Our findings showed that cancer samples had higher proportions of Firmicutes (T = 50.5%; N = 28.4%; p = 0.04), specifically of Clostridia (T = 48.3%; N = 19.0%; p = 0.002), and Fusobacteria (T = 0.1%; N = 0.0%; p = 0.02), especially of Fusobacteriia (T = 0.1%; N = 0.0%; p = 0.02), while Bacteroidetes were enriched in healthy samples (T = 35.1%; N = 62.8%; p = 0.06), particularly the class Bacteroidia (T = 35.1%; N = 62.6%; p = 0.06). Porphyromonas, Clostridium, Ruminococcus, Selenomonas, and Fusobacterium were significantly overrepresented in diseased patients, similarly to other studies. Predicted functional information showed that bacterial motility proteins, flagellar assembly, and fatty acid biosynthesis metabolism were significantly overrepresented in cancer patients, while amino acid metabolism and glycan biosynthesis were overrepresented in controls. This suggests that involvement of these functional metagenomes is similar and relevant in the carcinogenesis process, independent of the origin of the samples. Results from this study allowed identification of bacterial taxa relevant to the Moroccan population and encourages larger studies to facilitate population-directed therapeutic approaches.
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Interactions of Gut Microbiota, Endotoxemia, Immune Function, and Diet in Exertional Heatstroke. JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE 2018; 2018:5724575. [PMID: 29850597 PMCID: PMC5926483 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5724575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Exertional heatstroke (EHS) is a medical emergency that cannot be predicted, requires immediate whole-body cooling to reduce elevated internal body temperature, and is influenced by numerous host and environmental factors. Widely accepted predisposing factors (PDF) include prolonged or intense exercise, lack of heat acclimatization, sleep deprivation, dehydration, diet, alcohol abuse, drug use, chronic inflammation, febrile illness, older age, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use. The present review links these factors to the human intestinal microbiota (IM) and diet, which previously have not been appreciated as PDF. This review also describes plausible mechanisms by which these PDF lead to EHS: endotoxemia resulting from elevated plasma lipopolysaccharide (i.e., a structural component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria) and tissue injury from oxygen free radicals. We propose that recognizing the lifestyle and host factors which are influenced by intestine-microbial interactions, and modifying habitual dietary patterns to alter the IM ecosystem, will encourage efficient immune function, optimize the intestinal epithelial barrier, and reduce EHS morbidity and mortality.
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78
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Lactic Acid Bacteria from Kefir Increase Cytotoxicity of Natural Killer Cells to Tumor Cells. Foods 2018; 7:foods7040048. [PMID: 29584690 PMCID: PMC5920413 DOI: 10.3390/foods7040048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Japanese fermented beverage, homemade kefir, contains six lactic acid bacteria: Lactococcus. lactis subsp. Lactis, Lactococcus. lactis subsp. Cremoris, Lactococcus. Lactis subsp. Lactis biovar diacetylactis, Lactobacillus plantarum, Leuconostoc meseuteroides subsp. Cremoris and Lactobacillus casei. In this study, we found that a mixture of the six lactic acid bacteria from kefir increased the cytotoxicity of human natural killer KHYG-1 cells to human chronic myelogenous leukemia K562 cells and colorectal tumor HCT116 cells. Furthermore, levels of mRNA expression and secretion of IFN-γ (interferon gamma) increased in KHYG-1 cells that had been treated with the six lactic acid bacteria mixture from kefir. The results suggest that the six lactic acid bacteria mixture from kefir has strong effects on natural immunity and tumor cell cytotoxicity.
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79
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Irecta-Nájera CA, Del Rosario Huizar-López M, Casas-Solís J, Castro-Félix P, Santerre A. Protective Effect of Lactobacillus casei on DMH-Induced Colon Carcinogenesis in Mice. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2018; 9:163-171. [PMID: 28316010 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-017-9253-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The administration of probiotics is a promising approach to reduce the prevalence of colon cancer, a multifactorial disease, with hereditary factors, as well as environmental lifestyle-related risk factors. Biogenic polyamines, putrescine, spermidine, and spermine are small cationic molecules with great roles in cell proliferation and differentiation as well as regulation of gene expression. Ornithine decarboxylase is the first rate-limiting enzyme for polyamine synthesis, and upregulation of ornithine decarboxylase activity and polyamine metabolism has been associated with abnormal cell proliferation. This paper is focused on studying the protective role of Lactobacillus casei ATCC 393 in a chemically induced mouse model of colon carcinogenesis, directing our attention on aberrant crypt foci as preneoplastic markers, and on polyamine metabolism as a possible key player in carcinogenesis. BALB/c mice were administered 1,2-dimethylhydrazine dihydrochloride (DMH) to induce colon cancer (20 mg/kg body weight, subcutaneous, twice a week for 24 weeks). L. casei ATCC 393 was given orally (106 CFU, twice a week), 2 weeks before DMH administration. Hematoxylin and eosin staining, high-performance liquid chromatography, and Western blotting were used to evaluate aberrant crypt foci, urinary polyamines, and ornithine decarboxylase expression in the colon. The experimental data showed that the preventive administration of L. casei ATCC 393 may delay the onset of cancer as it significantly reduced the number of DMH-induced aberrant crypt foci, the levels of putrescine, and the expression of ornithine decarboxylase. Hence, this probiotic strain has a prospective role in protection against colon carcinogenesis, and its antimutagenic activity may be associated with the maintenance of polyamine metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesar Antonio Irecta-Nájera
- Departamento de Salud, El Colegio de La Frontera Sur, Periférico Sur s/n, María Auxiliadora, 29290, San Cristóbal de Las Casas, Chiapas, Mexico
| | - María Del Rosario Huizar-López
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Carretera Guadalajara-Nogales Km 15.5, Las Agujas, C.P. 45110, Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Josefina Casas-Solís
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Carretera Guadalajara-Nogales Km 15.5, Las Agujas, C.P. 45110, Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Patricia Castro-Félix
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Carretera Guadalajara-Nogales Km 15.5, Las Agujas, C.P. 45110, Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Anne Santerre
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Carretera Guadalajara-Nogales Km 15.5, Las Agujas, C.P. 45110, Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico.
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80
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Jones RB, Zhu X, Moan E, Murff HJ, Ness RM, Seidner DL, Sun S, Yu C, Dai Q, Fodor AA, Azcarate-Peril MA, Shrubsole MJ. Inter-niche and inter-individual variation in gut microbial community assessment using stool, rectal swab, and mucosal samples. Sci Rep 2018; 8:4139. [PMID: 29515151 PMCID: PMC5841359 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22408-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to evaluate similarities and differences in gut bacterial measurements and stability in the microbial communities of three different types of samples that could be used to assess different niches of the gut microbiome: rectal swab, stool, and normal rectal mucosa samples. In swab-stool comparisons, there were substantial taxa differences with some taxa varying largely by sample type (e.g. Thermaceae), inter-individual subject variation (e.g. Desulfovibrionaceae), or by both sample type and participant (e.g. Enterobacteriaceae). Comparing all three sample types with whole-genome metagenome shotgun sequencing, swab samples were much closer to stool samples than mucosa samples although all KEGG functional Level 1 and Level 2 pathways were significantly different across all sample types (e.g. transcription and environmental adaptation). However, the individual signature of participants was also observed and was largely stable between two time points. Thus, we found that while the distribution of some taxa was associated with these different sampling techniques, other taxa largely reflected individual differences in the microbial community that were insensitive to sampling technique. There is substantial variability in the assessment of the gut microbial community according to the type of sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshonda B Jones
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Xiangzhu Zhu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Emili Moan
- Department of Statistics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Harvey J Murff
- Department of Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Reid M Ness
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Douglas L Seidner
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Shan Sun
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Chang Yu
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Qi Dai
- Department of Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Anthony A Fodor
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - M Andrea Azcarate-Peril
- Department of Medicine, and Microbiome Core Facility, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Martha J Shrubsole
- Department of Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
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81
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Khanaree C, Pintha K, Tantipaiboonwong P, Suttajit M, Chewonarin T. The effect ofPerilla frutescensleaf on 1, 2-dimethylhydrazine-induced initiation of colon carcinogenesis in rats. J Food Biochem 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chakkrit Khanaree
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine; Chiang Mai University; Sripoom Muang Chiang Mai Thailand
- Division of Biochemistry and Nutrition, School of Medical Sciences; University of Phayao; Maeka Muang Phayao Thailand
| | - Komsak Pintha
- Division of Biochemistry and Nutrition, School of Medical Sciences; University of Phayao; Maeka Muang Phayao Thailand
| | - Payungsak Tantipaiboonwong
- Division of Biochemistry and Nutrition, School of Medical Sciences; University of Phayao; Maeka Muang Phayao Thailand
| | - Maitree Suttajit
- Division of Biochemistry and Nutrition, School of Medical Sciences; University of Phayao; Maeka Muang Phayao Thailand
| | - Teera Chewonarin
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine; Chiang Mai University; Sripoom Muang Chiang Mai Thailand
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82
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RETRACTED CHAPTER: Changing Paradigm of Probiotics from Functional Foods to Biotherapeutic Agents. Microb Biotechnol 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-7140-9_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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83
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Aghazadeh Z, Pouralibaba F, Yari Khosroushahi A. The prophylactic effect of Acetobacter syzygii probiotic species against squamous cell carcinoma. J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospects 2017; 11:208-214. [PMID: 29354246 PMCID: PMC5768952 DOI: 10.15171/joddd.2017.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Squamous cell carcinoma is a prevalent carcinoma of the oral cavity. Recently anti-proliferative effect of probiotics has been considered and assessed against different cancers. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxicity of Acetobacter syzygii strain supernatant on KB human oral cancer cell line and KDR human epithelial normal cell line. Methods. The cytotoxicity assessments were performed through 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) as well as through qualitative (4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole staining) and quantitative (flow cytometry assessments using the BD Biosciences Annexin V-FITC Kit) evaluations of apoptosis. Results.A. syzygii secretions exhibited significant cytotoxicity against KB cancer cell lines similar to cisplatin (75.7% apoptosis) while the rate of apoptosis in KDR normal cells was only 9.36%. The prophylactic effects of Lactobacillus acidophilus (PTCC 1643), as a reference bacterium, was similar to A. syzygii, indicating beneficial effects of useful bacteria on prevention of oral diseases. Conclusion. The anticancer bioactivity of A. syzygii strain secretions depends on the induction of apoptosis in KB cancer cells. However, several investigations should be conducted to precisely determine effective compounds to be used as anticancer therapeutics in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Aghazadeh
- Dental and Periodontal Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Firoz Pouralibaba
- Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ahmad Yari Khosroushahi
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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84
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Physicochemical and nutraceutical properties of moringa (Moringa oleifera) leaves and their effects in an in vivo AOM/DSS-induced colorectal carcinogenesis model. Food Res Int 2017; 105:159-168. [PMID: 29433203 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Moringa (Moringa oleifera) is a plant that has generated great interest in recent years because of its attributed medicinal properties. The aim of this study was to characterize the bioactive compounds of moringa leaves (MO) and evaluate their effect on a colorectal carcinogenesis model. Twenty-four male CD-1 mice were divided into 4 groups: Group 1 fed with basal diet (negative control/NC); Group 2 received AOM/DSS (positive control); Groups 3 and 4 were fed with basal diet supplemented with moringa leaves (2.5% w/w and 5% w/w, respectively) for 12weeks. Moringa leaves exhibited a high content of dietary fiber (~18.75%) and insoluble dietary fiber (2.29%). There were identified 9 phenolic compounds whereas the chlorogenic and ρ-coumaric acid showed the higher contents (44.23-63.34μg/g and 180.45-707.42μg/g, respectively). Moringa leaves decreased the activity of harmful fecal enzymes (β-glucosidase, β-glucuronidase, tryptophanase and urease up to 40%, 43%, 103% and 266%, respectively) as well tumors incidence in male CD1-mice (~50% with 5% w/v of moringa dose). These findings suggest that the bioactive compounds of moringa such as total dietary fiber and phenolic compounds may have chemopreventive capacity. This is the first study of the suppressive effect of moringa leaves in an in vivo model of AOM/DSS-induced colorectal carcinogenesis.
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85
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In vitro and in vivo antioxidant potential of milks, yoghurts, fermented milks and cheeses: a narrative review of evidence. Nutr Res Rev 2017; 31:52-70. [PMID: 28965518 DOI: 10.1017/s0954422417000191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The antioxidant potential (AP) is an important nutritional property of foods, as increased oxidative stress is involved in most diet-related chronic diseases. In dairy products, the protein fraction contains antioxidant activity, especially casein. Other antioxidants include: antioxidant enzymes; lactoferrin; conjugated linoleic acid; coenzyme Q10; vitamins C, E, A and D3; equol; uric acid; carotenoids; and mineral activators of antioxidant enzymes. The AP of dairy products has been extensively studied in vitro, with few studies in animals and human subjects. Available in vivo studies greatly differ in their design and objectives. Overall, on a 100 g fresh weight-basis, AP of dairy products is close to that of grain-based foods and vegetable or fruit juices. Among dairy products, cheeses present the highest AP due to their higher protein content. AP of milk increases during digestion by up to 2·5 times because of released antioxidant peptides. AP of casein is linked to specific amino acids, whereas β-lactoglobulin thiol groups play a major role in the AP of whey. Thermal treatments such as ultra-high temperature processing have no clear effect on the AP of milk. Raw fat-rich milks have higher AP than less fat-rich milk, because of lipophilic antioxidants. Probiotic yoghurts and fermented milks have higher AP than conventional yoghurt and milk because proteolysis by probiotics releases antioxidant peptides. Among the probiotics, Lactobacillus casei/acidophilus leads to the highest AP. The data are insufficient for cheese, but fermentation-based changes appear to make a positive impact on AP. In conclusion, AP might participate in the reported dairy product-protective effects against some chronic diseases.
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86
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Baunthiyal M, Singh V, Dwivedi S. Insights of Antioxidants as Molecules for Drug Discovery. INT J PHARMACOL 2017. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2017.874.889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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87
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Little CH, Combet E, McMillan DC, Horgan PG, Roxburgh CSD. The role of dietary polyphenols in the moderation of the inflammatory response in early stage colorectal cancer. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 57:2310-2320. [PMID: 26066365 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2014.997866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Current focus in colorectal cancer (CRC) management is on reducing overall mortality by increasing the number of early-stage cancers diagnosed and treated with curative intent. Despite the success of screening programs in down-staging CRC, interval cancer rates are substantial and other strategies are desirable. Sporadic CRC is largely associated with lifestyle factors including diet. Polyphenols are phytochemicals ingested as part of a normal diet, which are abundant in plant foods including fruits/berries and vegetables. These may exert their anti-carcinogenic effects via the modulation of inflammatory pathways. Key signal transduction pathways are fundamental to the association of inflammation and disease progression including those mediated by NF-κB and STAT, PI3K and COX. Our aim was to examine the evidence for the effect of dietary polyphenols intake on tumor and host inflammatory responses to determine if polyphenols may be effective as part of a dietary intervention. There is good epidemiological evidence of a reduction in CRC risk from case-control and cohort studies assessing polyphenol intake. It would be premature to suggest a major public health intervention to promote their consumption; however, dietary change is safe and feasible, emphasizing the need for further investigation of polyphenols and CRC risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Little
- a Academic Unit of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Royal Infirmary , Glasgow , UK
| | - E Combet
- b Department of Human Nutrition , School of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Yorkhill Hospital , Glasgow , UK
| | - D C McMillan
- a Academic Unit of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Royal Infirmary , Glasgow , UK
| | - P G Horgan
- a Academic Unit of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Royal Infirmary , Glasgow , UK
| | - C S D Roxburgh
- a Academic Unit of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Royal Infirmary , Glasgow , UK
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88
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Bentley‐Hewitt KL, Narbad A, Majsak‐Newman G, Philo MR, Lund EK. Lactobacilli survival and adhesion to colonic epithelial cell lines is dependent on long chain fatty acid exposure. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201700062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kerry L. Bentley‐Hewitt
- Institute of Food ResearchGastrointestinal HealthNorwichNorfolkUK
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research, Food and Nutrition GroupFood Industry Science CentrePalmerston NorthNew Zealand
| | - Arjan Narbad
- Institute of Food ResearchGastrointestinal HealthNorwichNorfolkUK
| | - Gosia Majsak‐Newman
- Institute of Food ResearchGastrointestinal HealthNorwichNorfolkUK
- Norfolk and Norwich University HospitalNHS Foundation TrustNorwichUK
| | - Mark R. Philo
- Institute of Food ResearchGastrointestinal HealthNorwichNorfolkUK
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89
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Weiss GA, Hennet T. Mechanisms and consequences of intestinal dysbiosis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:2959-2977. [PMID: 28352996 PMCID: PMC11107543 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2509-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 325] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The composition of the gut microbiota is in constant flow under the influence of factors such as the diet, ingested drugs, the intestinal mucosa, the immune system, and the microbiota itself. Natural variations in the gut microbiota can deteriorate to a state of dysbiosis when stress conditions rapidly decrease microbial diversity and promote the expansion of specific bacterial taxa. The mechanisms underlying intestinal dysbiosis often remain unclear given that combinations of natural variations and stress factors mediate cascades of destabilizing events. Oxidative stress, bacteriophages induction and the secretion of bacterial toxins can trigger rapid shifts among intestinal microbial groups thereby yielding dysbiosis. A multitude of diseases including inflammatory bowel diseases but also metabolic disorders such as obesity and diabetes type II are associated with intestinal dysbiosis. The characterization of the changes leading to intestinal dysbiosis and the identification of the microbial taxa contributing to pathological effects are essential prerequisites to better understand the impact of the microbiota on health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Adrienne Weiss
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thierry Hennet
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland.
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90
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Precancerous ACF induction affects their regional distribution forsaking oxidative stress implication in 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced colon carcinogenesis model. Inflammopharmacology 2017; 26:457-468. [DOI: 10.1007/s10787-017-0377-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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91
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Passos MDCF, Moraes-Filho JP. INTESTINAL MICROBIOTA IN DIGESTIVE DISEASES. ARQUIVOS DE GASTROENTEROLOGIA 2017; 54:255-262. [PMID: 28723981 DOI: 10.1590/s0004-2803.201700000-31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, especially after the development of sophisticated metagenomic studies, research on the intestinal microbiota has increased, radically transforming our knowledge about the microbiome and its association with health maintenance and disease development in humans. Increasing evidence has shown that a permanent alteration in microbiota composition or function (dysbiosis) can alter immune responses, metabolism, intestinal permeability, and digestive motility, thereby promoting a proinflammatory state. Such alterations can mainly impair the host's immune and metabolic functions, thus favoring the onset of diseases such as diabetes, obesity, digestive, neurological, autoimmune, and neoplastic diseases. This comprehensive review is a compilation of the available literature on the formation of the complex intestinal ecosystem and its impact on the incidence of diseases such as obesity, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, celiac disease, and digestive neoplasms. CONCLUSION: Alterations in the composition and function of the gastrointestinal microbiota (dysbiosis) have a direct impact on human health and seem to have an important role in the pathogenesis of several gastrointestinal diseases, whether inflammatory, metabolic, or neoplastic ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria do Carmo Friche Passos
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Instituto Alfa de Gastroenterologia, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
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92
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Seidel DV, Azcárate-Peril MA, Chapkin RS, Turner ND. Shaping functional gut microbiota using dietary bioactives to reduce colon cancer risk. Semin Cancer Biol 2017; 46:191-204. [PMID: 28676459 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Colon cancer is a multifactorial disease associated with a variety of lifestyle factors. Alterations in the gut microbiota and the intestinal metabolome are noted during colon carcinogenesis, implicating them as critical contributors or results of the disease process. Diet is a known determinant of health, and as a modifier of the gut microbiota and its metabolism, a critical element in maintenance of intestinal health. This review summarizes recent evidence demonstrating the role and responses of the intestinal microbiota during colon tumorigenesis and the ability of dietary bioactive compounds and probiotics to impact colon health from the intestinal lumen to the epithelium and systemically. We first describe changes to the intestinal microbiome, metabolome, and epithelium associated with colon carcinogenesis. This is followed by a discussion of recent evidence indicating how specific classes of dietary bioactives, prebiotics, or probiotics affect colon carcinogenesis. Lastly, we briefly address the prospects of using multiple 'omics' techniques to integrate the effects of diet, host, and microbiota on colon tumorigenesis with the goal of more fully appreciating the interconnectedness of these systems and thus, how these approaches can be used to advance personalized nutrition strategies and nutrition research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek V Seidel
- Nutrition and Food Science Department, and Faculty of Genetics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2253, USA.
| | - M Andrea Azcárate-Peril
- Department of Medicine GI Division, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7555, USA.
| | - Robert S Chapkin
- Nutrition and Food Science Department, and Faculty of Genetics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2253, USA.
| | - Nancy D Turner
- Nutrition and Food Science Department, and Faculty of Genetics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2253, USA.
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Badehnoosh B, Karamali M, Zarrati M, Jamilian M, Bahmani F, Tajabadi-Ebrahimi M, Jafari P, Rahmani E, Asemi Z. The effects of probiotic supplementation on biomarkers of inflammation, oxidative stress and pregnancy outcomes in gestational diabetes. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2017; 31:1128-1136. [PMID: 28326881 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2017.1310193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was designed to evaluate the effects of probiotic supplementation on biomarkers of inflammation, oxidative stress and pregnancy outcomes among subjects with gestational diabetes (GDM). METHODS This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was done among 60 subjects with GDM who were not on oral hypoglycemic agents. Patients were randomly allocated to intake either probiotic capsule containing Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus casei and Bifidobacterium bifidum (2 × 109 CFU/g each) (n = 30) or placebo (n = 30) for six weeks. RESULTS Compared with the placebo, probiotic supplementation resulted in significant decreases in fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (-5.3 ± 6.7 vs. +0.03 ± 9.0 mg/dL, p = .01), serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) (-2.2 ± 2.7 vs. +0.5 ± 2.4 μg/mL, p < .001), plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations (-0.1 ± 0.8 vs. +0.5 ± 1.5 μmol/L, p = .03) and MDA/TAC ratio (-0.0003 ± 0.0008 vs. +0.0009 ± 0.002, p = .004), and a significant increase in total antioxidant capacity (TAC) levels (+65.4 ± 103.3 vs. -37.2 ± 143.7 mmol/L, p = .002). Probiotic supplementation did not affect pregnancy outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Overall, probiotic supplementation among women with GDM for six weeks had beneficial effects on FPG, serum hs-CRP, plasma TAC, MDA and oxidative stress index, but did not affect pregnancy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bita Badehnoosh
- a Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics , School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences , Karaj , Iran
| | - Maryam Karamali
- b Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics , School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Mitra Zarrati
- c Faculty of Nutrition , School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Mehri Jamilian
- d Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Arak University of Medical Sciences , Arak , Iran
| | - Fereshteh Bahmani
- e Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences , Kashan , Iran
| | - Maryam Tajabadi-Ebrahimi
- f Faculty member of Science department, Science faculty , Islamic Azad University , Tehran , Iran
| | - Parvaneh Jafari
- g Department of Microbiology, Science faculty , Islamic Azad University , Arak , Iran
| | - Elham Rahmani
- h Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics , School of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences , Bushehr , Iran
| | - Zatollah Asemi
- e Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences , Kashan , Iran
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94
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Valcarce DG, Genovés S, Riesco MF, Martorell P, Herráez MP, Ramón D, Robles V. Probiotic administration improves sperm quality in asthenozoospermic human donors. Benef Microbes 2017; 8:193-206. [PMID: 28343402 DOI: 10.3920/bm2016.0122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study is to analyse the effect of the ingestion of two selected antioxidant probiotics strains (Lactobacillus rhamnosus CECT8361 and Bifidobacterium longum CECT7347) on sperm quality parameters in asthenozoospermic males after three and six weeks of administration. Nine asthenozoospermic men without any medical treatment under similar diet conditions participated in the study. The quality of individual sperm samples was evaluated before (previous to ingestion), during (after 3 and 6 weeks of ingestion) and after probiotic administration (3 and 6 weeks after finishing the treatment). Sperm motility was evaluated by computer-assisted sperm analysis system, DNA fragmentation by sperm chromatin structure assay, cell viability by flow cytometry and measurement of intracellular H2O2 (reactive oxygen species; ROS) by flow cytometry using dichloro-dihydrofluorescein diacetate. Sperm motility was drastically improved after the treatment (approximately 6 fold change), DNA fragmentation was statistically reduced after probiotic administration from (approximately 1.2 fold change) and intracellular H2O2 level was decreased (approximately 3.5 fold change). Cell viability was not affected by the treatment. The significant improvement in sperm motility and the decrease in DNA fragmentation reported in this study provide preliminary evidence that probiotics could be administrated to improve motility and decrease DNA fragmentation and ROS levels in asthenozoospermic human males.
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Affiliation(s)
- D G Valcarce
- 1 Department of Molecular Biology and Cell Biology Area, University of León, 24071 León, Spain.,2 INDEGSAL, University of León, Campus de Vegazana, 24071 León, Spain
| | - S Genovés
- 3 Department of Food Biotechnology, Biópolis S.L., Parc Científic Universitat de València, Paterna, 46980 Valencia, Spain
| | - M F Riesco
- 1 Department of Molecular Biology and Cell Biology Area, University of León, 24071 León, Spain.,2 INDEGSAL, University of León, Campus de Vegazana, 24071 León, Spain
| | - P Martorell
- 3 Department of Food Biotechnology, Biópolis S.L., Parc Científic Universitat de València, Paterna, 46980 Valencia, Spain
| | - M P Herráez
- 1 Department of Molecular Biology and Cell Biology Area, University of León, 24071 León, Spain.,2 INDEGSAL, University of León, Campus de Vegazana, 24071 León, Spain
| | - D Ramón
- 3 Department of Food Biotechnology, Biópolis S.L., Parc Científic Universitat de València, Paterna, 46980 Valencia, Spain
| | - V Robles
- 1 Department of Molecular Biology and Cell Biology Area, University of León, 24071 León, Spain.,2 INDEGSAL, University of León, Campus de Vegazana, 24071 León, Spain
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95
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Shi L, Zheng H, Hu W, Zhou B, Dai X, Zhang Y, Liu Z, Wu X, Zhao C, Liang G. Niclosamide inhibition of STAT3 synergizes with erlotinib in human colon cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2017; 10:1767-1776. [PMID: 28367059 PMCID: PMC5370071 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s129449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Niclosamide, an anthelmintic drug approved by the US Food and Drug Administration against cestodes, is used to treat tapeworm infection. In this study, we show that niclosamide can potentially inhibit signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) in colon cancer cell lines. Combined inhibition of epidermal growth factor receptor and STAT3 by erlotinib and niclosamide synergistically induces apoptosis and antiproliferation in colon cancer cell lines. Our findings suggest that erlotinib and niclosamide combination provides an effective therapeutic approach to improving the prognosis of colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyi Shi
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Hailun Zheng
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Wanle Hu
- Department of Coloproctology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital
| | - Bin Zhou
- Department of Coloproctology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital
| | - Xuanxuan Dai
- Department of Oncological Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Oncological Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiguo Liu
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Xiaoping Wu
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Chengguang Zhao
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Guang Liang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
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96
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Federici E, Prete R, Lazzi C, Pellegrini N, Moretti M, Corsetti A, Cenci G. Bacterial Composition, Genotoxicity, and Cytotoxicity of Fecal Samples from Individuals Consuming Omnivorous or Vegetarian Diets. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:300. [PMID: 28293225 PMCID: PMC5328950 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study analyzes the composition of viable fecal bacteria and gut toxicology biomarkers of 29 healthy volunteers, who followed omnivorous, lacto-ovo-vegetarian, or vegan diets. In particular, the research was focused on the prevalence of some representative viable bacteria from the four dominant phyla (Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria) commonly present in human feces, in order to evaluate the relationship between microorganisms selected by the habitual dietary patterns and the potential risk due to fecal water (FW) genotoxicity and cytotoxicity, considered as biomarkers for cancer risk and protective food activity. The relative differences of viable bacteria among dietary groups were generally not statistically significant. However, compared to omnivores, lacto-ovo-vegetarians showed low levels of total anaerobes. Otherwise, vegans showed total anaerobes counts similar to those of omnivores, but with lower number of bifidobacteria and the highest levels of bacteria from the Bacteroides–Prevotella genera. FW genotoxicity of lacto-ovo-vegetarians resulted significantly lower either in relation to that of omnivores and vegans. Lacto-ovo-vegetarians also showed the lowest levels of cytotoxicity, while the highest were found for vegans. These results highlighted that lacto-ovo-vegetarian diet was particularly effective in a favorable modulation of microbial activity, thus contributing to a significant reduction of the genotoxic and cytotoxic risk in the gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ermanno Federici
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia Perugia, Italy
| | - Roberta Prete
- Faculty of BioScience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo Teramo, Italy
| | - Camilla Lazzi
- Department of Food Science, University of Parma Parma, Italy
| | | | - Massimo Moretti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia Perugia, Italy
| | - Aldo Corsetti
- Faculty of BioScience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo Teramo, Italy
| | - Giovanni Cenci
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia Perugia, Italy
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97
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Lehri B, Seddon AM, Karlyshev AV. Potential probiotic-associated traits revealed from completed high quality genome sequence of Lactobacillus fermentum 3872. Stand Genomic Sci 2017; 12:19. [PMID: 28163828 PMCID: PMC5286655 DOI: 10.1186/s40793-017-0228-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The article provides an overview of the genomic features of Lactobacillus fermentum strain 3872. The genomic sequence reported here is one of three L. fermentum genome sequences completed to date. Comparative genomic analysis allowed the identification of genes that may be contributing to enhanced probiotic properties of this strain. In particular, the genes encoding putative mucus binding proteins, collagen-binding proteins, class III bacteriocin, as well as exopolysaccharide and prophage-related genes were identified. Genes related to bacterial aggregation and survival under harsh conditions in the gastrointestinal tract, along with the genes required for vitamin production were also found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burhan Lehri
- School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, SEC Faculty, Kingston University, Penryn Road, Kingston upon Thames, KT1 2EE UK
| | - Alan M. Seddon
- School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, SEC Faculty, Kingston University, Penryn Road, Kingston upon Thames, KT1 2EE UK
| | - Andrey V. Karlyshev
- School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, SEC Faculty, Kingston University, Penryn Road, Kingston upon Thames, KT1 2EE UK
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98
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Impact of short-chain galactooligosaccharides on the gut microbiome of lactose-intolerant individuals. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E367-E375. [PMID: 28049818 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1606722113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Directed modulation of the colonic bacteria to metabolize lactose effectively is a potentially useful approach to improve lactose digestion and tolerance. A randomized, double-blind, multisite placebo-controlled trial conducted in human subjects demonstrated that administration of a highly purified (>95%) short-chain galactooligosaccharide (GOS), designated "RP-G28," significantly improved clinical outcomes for lactose digestion and tolerance. In these individuals, stool samples were collected pretreatment (day 0), after GOS treatment (day 36), and 30 d after GOS feeding stopped and consumption of dairy products was encouraged (day 66). In this study, changes in the fecal microbiome were investigated using 16S rRNA amplicon pyrosequencing and high-throughput quantitative PCR. At day 36, bifidobacterial populations were increased in 27 of 30 of GOS subjects (90%), demonstrating a bifidogenic response in vivo. Relative abundance of lactose-fermenting Bifidobacterium, Faecalibacterium, and Lactobacillus were significantly increased in response to GOS. When dairy was introduced into the diet, lactose-fermenting Roseburia species increased from day 36 to day 66. The results indicated a definitive change in the fecal microbiome of lactose-intolerant individuals, increasing the abundance of lactose-metabolizing bacteria that were responsive to dietary adaptation to GOS. This change correlated with clinical outcomes of improved lactose tolerance.
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99
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Yang Y, Xia Y, Chen H, Hong L, Feng J, Yang J, Yang Z, Shi C, Wu W, Gao R, Wei Q, Qin H, Ma Y. The effect of perioperative probiotics treatment for colorectal cancer: short-term outcomes of a randomized controlled trial. Oncotarget 2016; 7:8432-40. [PMID: 26824990 PMCID: PMC4885004 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to mainly evaluate the anti-infective effects of perioperative probiotic treatment in patients receiving confined colorectal cancer (CRC) respective surgery. From November 2011 to September 2012, a total of 60 patients diagnosed with CRC were randomly assigned to receive probiotic (n = 30) or placebo (n = 30) treatment. The operative and post-operative clinical results including intestinal cleanliness, days to first - flatus, defecation, fluid diet, solid diet, duration of pyrexia, average heart rate, length of intraperitoneal drainage, length of antibiotic therapy, blood index changes, rate of infectious and non-infectious complications, postoperative hospital stay, and mortality were investigated. The patient demographics were not significantly different (p > 0.05) between the probiotic treated and the placebo groups. The days to first flatus (3.63 versus 3.27, p = 0.0274) and the days to first defecation (4.53 versus 3.87, p = 0.0268) were significantly improved in the probiotic treated patients. The incidence of diarrhea was significantly lower (p = 0.0352) in probiotics group (26.67%, 8/30) compared to the placebo group (53.33%, 16/30). There were no statistical differences (p > 0.05) in other infectious and non-infectious complication rates including wound infection, pneumonia, urinary tract infection, anastomotic leakage, and abdominal distension. In conclusion, for those patients undergoing confined CRC resection, perioperative probiotic administration significantly influenced the recovery of bowel function, and such improvement may be of important clinical significance in reducing the short-term infectious complications such as bacteremia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongzhi Yang
- Department of GI Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Xia
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongqi Chen
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Leiming Hong
- Department of GI Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junlan Feng
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhe Yang
- Department of GI Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenzhang Shi
- Department of GI Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Wu
- Department of GI Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Renyuan Gao
- Department of GI Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Wei
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huanlong Qin
- Department of GI Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanlei Ma
- Department of GI Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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100
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Liu HX, Hu Y, Wan YJY. Microbiota and bile acid profiles in retinoic acid-primed mice that exhibit accelerated liver regeneration. Oncotarget 2016; 7:1096-106. [PMID: 26701854 PMCID: PMC4811446 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background & Aims All-trans Retinoic acid (RA) regulates hepatic lipid and bile acid homeostasis. Similar to bile acid (BA), RA accelerates partial hepatectomy (PHx)-induced liver regeneration. Because there is a bidirectional regulatory relationship between gut microbiota and BA synthesis, we examined the effect of RA in altering the gut microbial population and BA composition and established their relationship with hepatic biological processes during the active phases of liver regeneration. Methods C57BL/6 mice were treated with RA orally followed by 2/3 PHx. The roles of RA in shifting gut microbiota and BA profiles as well as hepatocyte metabolism and proliferation were studied. Results RA-primed mice exhibited accelerated hepatocyte proliferation revealed by higher numbers of Ki67-positive cells compared to untreated mice. Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes phyla dominated the gut microbial community (>85%) in both control and RA-primed mice after PHx. RA reduced the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes, which was associated with a lean phenotype. Consistently, RA-primed mice lacked transient lipid accumulation normally found in regenerating livers. In addition, RA altered BA homeostasis and shifted BA profiles by increasing the ratio of hydrophilic to hydrophobic BAs in regenerating livers. Accordingly, metabolic regulators fibroblast growth factor 21, Sirtuin1, and their downstream targets AMPK and ERK1/2 were more robustly activated in RA-primed than unprimed regenerating livers. Conclusions Priming mice with RA resulted in a lean microbiota composition and hydrophilic BA profiles, which were associated with facilitated metabolism and enhanced cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Xin Liu
- Department of Medical Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Ying Hu
- Department of Medical Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Yu-Jui Yvonne Wan
- Department of Medical Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
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