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Vriens A, Nawrot TS, Saenen ND, Provost EB, Kicinski M, Lefebvre W, Vanpoucke C, Van Deun J, De Wever O, Vrijens K, De Boever P, Plusquin M. Recent exposure to ultrafine particles in school children alters miR-222 expression in the extracellular fraction of saliva. Environ Health 2016; 15:80. [PMID: 27460212 PMCID: PMC4962430 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-016-0162-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ultrafine particles (<100 nm) are ubiquitous present in the air and may contribute to adverse cardiovascular effects. Exposure to air pollutants can alter miRNA expression, which can affect downstream signaling pathways. miRNAs are present both in the intracellular and extracellular environment. In adults, miR-222 and miR-146a were identified as associated with particulate matter exposure. However, there is little evidence of molecular effects of ambient air pollution in children. This study examined whether exposure to fine and ultrafine particulate matter (PM) is associated with changes in the extracellular content of miR-222 and miR-146a of children. METHODS Saliva was collected from 80 children at two different time points, circa 11 weeks apart and stabilized for RNA preservation. The extracellular fraction of saliva was obtained by means of differential centrifugation and ultracentrifugation. Expression levels of miR-222 and miR-146a were profiled by qPCR. We regressed the extracellular miRNA expression against recent exposure to ultrafine and fine particles measured at the school site using mixed models, while accounting for sex, age, BMI, passive smoking, maternal education, hours of television use, time of the day and day of the week. RESULTS Exposure to ultrafine particles (UFP) at the school site was positively associated with miR-222 expression in the extracellular fraction in saliva. For each IQR increase in particles in the class room (+8504 particles/cm(3)) or playground (+28776 particles/cm(3)), miR-222 was, respectively 23.5 % (95 % CI: 3.5 %-41.1 %; p = 0.021) or 29.9 % (95 % CI:10.6 %-49.1 %; p = 0.0027) higher. No associations were found between miR-146a and recent exposure to fine and ultrafine particles. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest a possible epigenetic mechanism via which cells respond rapidly to small particles, as exemplified by miR-222 changes in the extracellular fraction of saliva.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette Vriens
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan, building D, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Tim S. Nawrot
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan, building D, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
- Department of Public Health & Primary Care, Leuven University, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nelly D. Saenen
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan, building D, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Eline B. Provost
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan, building D, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
- Environmental Risk and Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium
| | - Michal Kicinski
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan, building D, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Wouter Lefebvre
- Environmental Risk and Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium
| | | | - Jan Van Deun
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Radiation Oncology and Experimental Cancer Research, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Olivier De Wever
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Radiation Oncology and Experimental Cancer Research, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Karen Vrijens
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan, building D, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Patrick De Boever
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan, building D, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
- Environmental Risk and Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium
| | - Michelle Plusquin
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan, building D, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
- MRC/PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, UK
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Noël A, Truchon G, Cloutier Y, Charbonneau M, Maghni K, Tardif R. Mass or total surface area with aerosol size distribution as exposure metrics for inflammatory, cytotoxic and oxidative lung responses in rats exposed to titanium dioxide nanoparticles. Toxicol Ind Health 2016; 33:351-364. [DOI: 10.1177/0748233716651560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
There is currently no consensus on the best exposure metric(s) for expressing nanoparticle (NP) dose. Although surface area has been extensively studied for inflammatory responses, it has not been as thoroughly validated for cytotoxicity or oxidative stress effects. Since inhaled NPs deposit and interact with lung cells based on agglomerate size, we hypothesize that mass concentration combined with aerosol size distribution is suitable for NP risk assessment. The objective of this study was to evaluate different exposure metrics for inhaled 5 nm titanium dioxide aerosols composed of small (SA < 100 nm) or large (LA > 100 nm) agglomerates at 2, 7, and 20 mg/m3 on rat lung inflammatory, cytotoxicity, and oxidative stress responses. We found a significant positive correlation ( r = 0.98, p < 0.01) with the inflammatory reaction, measured by the number of neutrophils and the mass concentration when considering all six (SA + LA) aerosols. This correlation was similar ( r = 0.87) for total surface area. Regarding cytotoxicity and oxidative stress responses, measured by lactate dehydrogenase and 8-isoprostane, respectively, and mass or total surface area as an exposure metric, we observed significant positive correlations only with SA aerosols for both the mass concentration and size distribution ( r > 0.91, p < 0.01), as well as for the total surface area ( r > 0.97, p < 0.01). These data show that mass or total surface area concentrations alone are insufficient to adequately predict oxidant and cytotoxic pulmonary effects. Overall, our study indicates that considering NP size distribution along with mass or total surface area concentrations contributes to a more mechanistic discrimination of pulmonary responses to NP exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Noël
- Département de santé environnementale et de santé au travail, Institut de recherche en santé publique, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - G Truchon
- Institut de recherche Robert-Sauvé en santé et en sécurité du travail (IRSST), Montréal, Canada
| | - Y Cloutier
- Institut de recherche Robert-Sauvé en santé et en sécurité du travail (IRSST), Montréal, Canada
| | - M Charbonneau
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Université du Québec, Laval, Canada
- Deceased
| | - K Maghni
- Centre de recherche de l’Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - R Tardif
- Département de santé environnementale et de santé au travail, Institut de recherche en santé publique, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
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Steiner S, Bisig C, Petri-Fink A, Rothen-Rutishauser B. Diesel exhaust: current knowledge of adverse effects and underlying cellular mechanisms. Arch Toxicol 2016; 90:1541-53. [PMID: 27165416 PMCID: PMC4894930 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-016-1736-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Diesel engine emissions are among the most prevalent anthropogenic pollutants worldwide, and with the growing popularity of diesel-fueled engines in the private transportation sector, they are becoming increasingly widespread in densely populated urban regions. However, a large number of toxicological studies clearly show that diesel engine emissions profoundly affect human health. Thus the interest in the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying these effects is large, especially concerning the nature of the components of diesel exhaust responsible for the effects and how they could be eliminated from the exhaust. This review describes the fundamental properties of diesel exhaust as well as the human respiratory tract and concludes that adverse health effects of diesel exhaust not only emerge from its chemical composition, but also from the interplay between its physical properties, the physiological and cellular properties, and function of the human respiratory tract. Furthermore, the primary molecular and cellular mechanisms triggered by diesel exhaust exposure, as well as the fundamentals of the methods for toxicological testing of diesel exhaust toxicity, are described. The key aspects of adverse effects induced by diesel exhaust exposure described herein will be important for regulators to support or ban certain technologies or to legitimate incentives for the development of promising new technologies such as catalytic diesel particle filters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandro Steiner
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Bisig
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Alke Petri-Fink
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
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Braakhuis HM, Oomen AG, Cassee FR. Grouping nanomaterials to predict their potential to induce pulmonary inflammation. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2016; 299:3-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2015.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Jeon YM, Lee MY. Airborne nanoparticles (PM0.1 ) induce autophagic cell death of human neuronal cells. J Appl Toxicol 2016; 36:1332-42. [PMID: 27080386 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Airborne nanoparticles PM0.1 (<100 nm in diameter) were collected and their chemical composition was determined. Al was by far the most abundant metal in the PM0.1 followed by Zn, Cr, Mn, Cu, Pb and Ni. Exposure to PM0.1 resulted in a cell viability decrease in human neuronal cells SH-SY5Y in a concentration-dependent manner. Upon treatment with N-acetylcysteine, however, cell viability was significantly recovered, suggesting the involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Cellular DNA damage by PM0.1 was also detected by the Comet assay. PM0.1 -induced autophagic cell death was explained by an increase in the expression of microtubule-associated protein light chain 3A-ІІ (LC3A-ІІ) and autophagy-related protein Atg 3 and Atg 7. Analysis of 2-DE gels revealed that six proteins were upregulated, whereas eight proteins were downregulated by PM0.1 exposure. Neuroinflammation-related lithostathine and cyclophilin A complexed with dipeptide Gly-Pro, autophagy-related heat shock protein gp96 and neurodegeneration-related triosephosphate isomerase were significantly changed upon exposure to PM0.1 . These results, taken together, suggest that PM0.1 -induced oxidative stress via ROS generation plays a key role in autophagic cell death and differential protein expressions in SH-SY5Y cells. This might provide a plausible explanation for the underlying mechanisms of PM0.1 toxicity in neuronal cells and even the pathogenesis of diseases associated with its exposure. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Mi Jeon
- Department of Medical Science, Graduate School of Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Chungnam, 336-745, Republic of Korea.,Korea Brain Research Institute, Research Division, Daegu, 700-010, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Young Lee
- Department of Medical Science, Graduate School of Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Chungnam, 336-745, Republic of Korea.,Department of Medical Biotechnology, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Chungnam, 336-745, Republic of Korea
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Youngren-Ortiz SR, Gandhi NS, España-Serrano L, Chougule MB. Aerosol Delivery of siRNA to the Lungs. Part 1: Rationale for Gene Delivery Systems. KONA : POWDER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN JAPAN 2016; 33:63-85. [PMID: 27081214 PMCID: PMC4829385 DOI: 10.14356/kona.2016014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
This article reviews the pulmonary route of administration, aerosol delivery devices, characterization of pulmonary drug delivery systems, and discusses the rationale for inhaled delivery of siRNA. Diseases with known protein malfunctions may be mitigated through the use of siRNA therapeutics. The inhalation route of administration provides local delivery of siRNA therapeutics for the treatment of various pulmonary diseases, however barriers to pulmonary delivery and intracellular delivery of siRNA exists. siRNA loaded nanocarriers can be used to overcome the barriers associated with the pulmonary route, such as anatomical barriers, mucociliary clearance, and alveolar macrophage clearance. Apart from naked siRNA aerosol delivery, previously studied siRNA carrier systems comprise of lipidic, polymeric, peptide, or inorganic origin. Such siRNA delivery systems formulated as aerosols can be successfully delivered via an inhaler or nebulizer to the pulmonary region. Preclinical animal investigations of inhaled siRNA therapeutics rely on intratracheal and intranasal siRNA and siRNA nanocarrier delivery. Aerosolized siRNA delivery systems may be characterized using in vitro techniques, such as dissolution test, inertial cascade impaction, delivered dose uniformity assay, laser diffraction, and laser Doppler velocimetry. The ex vivo techniques used to characterize pulmonary administered formulations include the isolated perfused lung model. In vivo techniques like gamma scintigraphy, 3D SPECT, PET, MRI, fluorescence imaging and pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamics analysis may be used for evaluation of aerosolized siRNA delivery systems. The use of inhalable siRNA delivery systems encounters barriers to their delivery, however overcoming the barriers while formulating a safe and effective delivery system will offer unique advances to the field of inhaled medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne R. Youngren-Ortiz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, University of Hawaii at Hilo, 200 West Kawili Street, Hilo, Hawaii 96720, USA
| | - Nishant S. Gandhi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, University of Hawaii at Hilo, 200 West Kawili Street, Hilo, Hawaii 96720, USA
| | - Laura España-Serrano
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, University of Hawaii at Hilo, 200 West Kawili Street, Hilo, Hawaii 96720, USA
| | - Mahavir B. Chougule
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, University of Hawaii at Hilo, 200 West Kawili Street, Hilo, Hawaii 96720, USA
- Natural Products and Experimental Therapeutics Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96813, USA
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Oosterwijk MTT, Feber ML, Burello E. Proposal for a risk banding framework for inhaled low aspect ratio nanoparticles based on physicochemical properties. Nanotoxicology 2016; 10:780-93. [DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2015.1132344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Park J, Lim MN, Hong Y, Kim WJ. The Influence of Asian Dust, Haze, Mist, and Fog on Hospital Visits for Airway Diseases. Tuberc Respir Dis (Seoul) 2015; 78:326-35. [PMID: 26508919 PMCID: PMC4620325 DOI: 10.4046/trd.2015.78.4.326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Revised: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Asian dust is known to have harmful effects on the respiratory system. Respiratory conditions are also influenced by environmental conditions regardless of the presence of pollutants. The same pollutant can have different effects on the airway when the air is dry compared with when it is humid. We investigated hospital visits for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma in relation to the environmental conditions. Methods We conducted a retrospective study using the Korean National Health Insurance Service claims database of patients who visited hospitals in Chuncheon between January 2006 and April 2012. Asian dust, haze, mist, and fog days were determined using reports from the Korea Meteorological Administration. Hospital visits for asthma or COPD on the index days were compared with the comparison days. We used two-way case-crossover techniques with one to two matching. Results The mean hospital visits for asthma and COPD were 59.37 ± 34.01 and 10.04 ± 6.18 per day, respectively. Hospital visits for asthma significantly increased at lag0 and lag1 for Asian dust (relative risk [RR], 1.10; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01-1.19; p<0.05) and haze (RR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.06-1.22; p<0.05), but were significantly lower on misty (RR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.80-0.99; p<0.05) and foggy (RR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.84-0.93; p<0.05) days than on control days. The hospital visits for COPD also significantly increased on days with Asian dust (RR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.05-1.59; p<0.05), and were significantly lower at lag4 for foggy days, compared with days without fog (RR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.75-0.97; p<0.05). Conclusion Asian dust showed an association with airway diseases and had effects for several days after the exposure. In contrast to Asian dust, mist and fog, which occur in humid air conditions, showed the opposite effects on airway diseases, after adjusting to the pollutants. It would require more research to investigate the effects of various air conditions on airway diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinkyeong Park
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Myoung Nam Lim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Environmental Health Center, Kangwon National University Hospital, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Yoonki Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine and Environmental Health Center, Kangwon National University Hospital, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Woo Jin Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Environmental Health Center, Kangwon National University Hospital, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
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Mühlfeld C, Hegermann J, Wrede C, Ochs M. A review of recent developments and applications of morphometry/stereology in lung research. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2015; 309:L526-36. [DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00047.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Design-based stereology is the gold standard of morphometry in lung research. Here, we analyze the current use of morphometric and stereological methods in lung research and provide an overview on recent methodological developments and biological observations made by the use of stereology. Based on this analysis we hope to provide useful recommendations for a good stereological practice to further the use of advanced and unbiased stereological methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Mühlfeld
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany; and
- Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH (From Regenerative Biology to Reconstructive Therapy), Hannover, Germany
| | - Jan Hegermann
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH (From Regenerative Biology to Reconstructive Therapy), Hannover, Germany
| | - Christoph Wrede
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH (From Regenerative Biology to Reconstructive Therapy), Hannover, Germany
| | - Matthias Ochs
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany; and
- Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH (From Regenerative Biology to Reconstructive Therapy), Hannover, Germany
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Gagnon J, Fromm KM. Toxicity and Protective Effects of Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles (Nanoceria) Depending on Their Preparation Method, Particle Size, Cell Type, and Exposure Route. Eur J Inorg Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201500643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Jovanović B, Whitley EM, Kimura K, Crumpton A, Palić D. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles enhance mortality of fish exposed to bacterial pathogens. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2015; 203:153-164. [PMID: 25884347 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2015.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2015] [Revised: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Nano-TiO2 is immunotoxic to fish and reduces the bactericidal function of fish neutrophils. Here, fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) were exposed to low and high environmentally relevant concentration of nano-TiO2 (2 ng g(-1) and 10 μg g(-1) body weight, respectively), and were challenged with common fish bacterial pathogens, Aeromonas hydrophila or Edwardsiella ictaluri. Pre-exposure to nano-TiO2 significantly increased fish mortality during bacterial challenge. Nano-TiO2 concentrated in the kidney and spleen. Phagocytosis assay demonstrated that nano-TiO2 has the ability to diminish neutrophil phagocytosis of A. hydrophila. Fish injected with TiO2 nanoparticles displayed significant histopathology when compared to control fish. The interplay between nanoparticle exposure, immune system, histopathology, and infectious disease pathogenesis in any animal model has not been described before. By modulating fish immune responses and interfering with resistance to bacterial pathogens, manufactured nano-TiO2 has the potential to affect fish survival in a disease outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Jovanović
- Chair for Fish Diseases and Fisheries Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Center for Nanoscience (CeNS), LMU, Munich, Germany.
| | | | - Kayoko Kimura
- Center for Food Security and Public Health, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Adam Crumpton
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Dušan Palić
- Chair for Fish Diseases and Fisheries Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
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Kodama AT, Kuo CC, Boatwright T, Dennin M. Investigating the effect of particle size on pulmonary surfactant phase behavior. Biophys J 2015; 107:1573-81. [PMID: 25296309 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2014.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Revised: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We study the impact of the addition of particles of a range of sizes on the phase transition behavior of lung surfactant under compression. Charged particles ranging from micro- to nanoscale are deposited on lung surfactant films in a Langmuir trough. Surface area versus surface pressure isotherms and fluorescent microscope observations are utilized to determine changes in the phase transition behavior. We find that the deposition of particles close to 20 nm in diameter significantly impacts the coexistence of the liquid-condensed phase and liquid-expanded phase. This includes morphological changes of the liquid-condensed domains and the elimination of the squeeze-out phase in isotherms. Finally, a drastic increase of the domain fraction of the liquid-condensed phase can be observed for the deposition of 20-nm particles. As the particle size is increased, we observe a return to normal phase behavior. The net result is the observation of a critical particle size that may impact the functionality of the lung surfactant during respiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihisa T Kodama
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Chin-Chang Kuo
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Thomas Boatwright
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Michael Dennin
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California.
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Inhalable nanostructured lipid particles of 9-bromo-noscapine, a tubulin-binding cytotoxic agent: In vitro and in vivo studies. J Colloid Interface Sci 2015; 445:219-230. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2014.12.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2014] [Revised: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Armstead AL, Minarchick VC, Porter DW, Nurkiewicz TR, Li B. Acute inflammatory responses of nanoparticles in an intra-tracheal instillation rat model. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0118778. [PMID: 25738830 PMCID: PMC4349695 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to hard metal tungsten carbide cobalt (WC-Co) "dusts" in enclosed industrial environments is known to contribute to the development of hard metal lung disease and an increased risk for lung cancer. Currently, the influence of local and systemic inflammation on disease progression following WC-Co exposure remains unclear. To better understand the relationship between WC-Co nanoparticle (NP) exposure and its resultant effects, the acute local pulmonary and systemic inflammatory responses caused by WC-Co NPs were explored using an intra-tracheal instillation (IT) model and compared to those of CeO2 (another occupational hazard) NP exposure. Sprague-Dawley rats were given an IT dose (0-500 μg per rat) of WC-Co or CeO2 NPs. Following 24-hr exposure, broncho-alveolar lavage fluid and whole blood were collected and analyzed. A consistent lack of acute local pulmonary inflammation was observed in terms of the broncho-alveolar lavage fluid parameters examined (i.e. LDH, albumin, and macrophage activation) in animals exposed to WC-Co NP; however, significant acute pulmonary inflammation was observed in the CeO2 NP group. The lack of acute inflammation following WC-Co NP exposure contrasts with earlier in vivo reports regarding WC-Co toxicity in rats, illuminating the critical role of NP dose and exposure time and bringing into question the potential role of impurities in particle samples. Further, we demonstrated that WC-Co NP exposure does not induce acute systemic effects since no significant increase in circulating inflammatory cytokines were observed. Taken together, the results of this in vivo study illustrate the distinct differences in acute local pulmonary and systemic inflammatory responses to NPs composed of WC-Co and CeO2; therefore, it is important that the outcomes of pulmonary exposure to one type of NPs may not be implicitly extrapolated to other types of NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea L. Armstead
- Biomaterials, Bioengineering & Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States of America
- Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences Graduate Program, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States of America
| | - Valerie C. Minarchick
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States of America
- Center for Cardiovascular and Respiratory Sciences, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States of America
| | - Dale W. Porter
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States of America
- Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States of America
| | - Timothy R. Nurkiewicz
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States of America
- Center for Cardiovascular and Respiratory Sciences, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States of America
- Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States of America
| | - Bingyun Li
- Biomaterials, Bioengineering & Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States of America
- Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences Graduate Program, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States of America
- Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States of America
- Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Rajendran K, Karunagaran V, Mahanty B, Sen S. Biosynthesis of hematite nanoparticles and its cytotoxic effect on HepG2 cancer cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 74:376-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Revised: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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66
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Mayhew TM. Quantitative immunocytochemistry at the ultrastructural level: a stereology-based approach to molecular nanomorphomics. Cell Tissue Res 2014; 360:43-59. [PMID: 25403623 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-014-2038-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Biological systems span multiple levels of structural organisation from the macroscopic, via the microscopic, to the nanoscale. Therefore, comprehensive investigation of systems biology requires application of imaging modalities that reveal structure at multiple resolution scales. Nanomorphomics is the part of morphomics devoted to the systematic study of functional morphology at the nanoscale and an important element of its achievement is the combination of immunolabelling and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The ultimate goal of quantitative immunocytochemistry is to estimate numbers of target molecules (usually peptides, proteins or protein complexes) in biological systems and to map their spatial distributions within them. Immunogold cytochemistry utilises target-specific affinity markers (primary antibodies) and visualisation aids (e.g., colloidal gold particles or silver-enhanced nanogold particles) to detect and localise target molecules at high resolution in intact cells and tissues. In the case of post-embedding labelling of ultrathin sections for TEM, targets are localised as a countable digital readout by using colloidal gold particles. The readout comprises a spatial distribution of gold particles across the section and within the context of biological ultrastructure. The observed distribution across structural compartments (whether volume- or surface-occupying) represents both specific and non-specific labelling; an assessment by eye alone as to whether the distribution is random or non-random is not always possible. This review presents a coherent set of quantitative methods for testing whether target molecules exhibit preferential and specific labelling of compartments and for mapping the same targets in two or more groups of cells as their TEM immunogold-labelling patterns alter after experimental manipulation. The set also includes methods for quantifying colocalisation in multiple-labelling experiments and mapping absolute numbers of colloidal gold particles across compartments at specific positions within cells having a point-like inclusion (e.g., centrosome, nucleolus) and a definable vertical axis. Although developed for quantifying colloidal gold particles, the same methods can in principle be used to quantify other electron-dense punctate nanoparticles, including quantum dots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry M Mayhew
- School of Life Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, E Floor, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK,
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67
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Guo JW, Lee YH, Huang HW, Tzou MC, Wang YJ, Tsai JC. Development of Taiwan's strategies for regulating nanotechnology-based pharmaceuticals harmonized with international considerations. Int J Nanomedicine 2014; 9:4773-83. [PMID: 25342901 PMCID: PMC4206375 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s68134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology offers potential in pharmaceuticals and biomedical developments for improving drug delivery systems, medical imaging, diagnosis, cancer therapy, and regenerative medicine. Although there is no international regulation or legislation specifically for nanomedicine, it is agreed worldwide that considerably more attention should be paid to the quality, safety, and efficacy of nanotechnology-based drugs. The US Food and Drug Administration and the European Medicines Agency have provided several draft regulatory guidance and reflection papers to assist the development of nanomedicines. To cope with the impact of nanotechnology and to foster its pharmaceutical applications and development in Taiwan, this article reviews the trends of regulating nanotechnology-based pharmaceuticals in the international community and proposes strategies for Taiwan’s regulation harmonized with international considerations. The draft regulatory measures include a chemistry, manufacturing, and controls (CMC) review checklist and guidance for CMC review of liposomal products. These have been submitted for discussion among an expert committee, with membership comprised of multidisciplinary academia, research institutions, the pharmaceutical industry, and regulators, and are currently approaching final consensus. Once a consensus is reached, these mechanisms will be recommended to the Taiwan Food and Drug Administration for jurisdiction and may be initiated as the starting point for regulating nanotechnology-based pharmaceuticals in Taiwan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiun-Wen Guo
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Chung Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsuan Lee
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hsiau-Wen Huang
- Food and Drug Administration, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Chyun Tzou
- Food and Drug Administration, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Jan Wang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Chen Tsai
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Chung Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan ; Center for Pharmaceutical Regulatory Science, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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Dwivedi MV, Harishchandra RK, Koshkina O, Maskos M, Galla HJ. Size influences the effect of hydrophobic nanoparticles on lung surfactant model systems. Biophys J 2014; 106:289-98. [PMID: 24411261 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2013.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Revised: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The alveolar lung surfactant (LS) is a complex lipid protein mixture that forms an interfacial monolayer reducing the surface tension to near zero values and thus preventing the lungs from collapse. Due to the expanding field of nanotechnology and the corresponding unavoidable exposure of human beings from the air, it is crucial to study the potential effects of nanoparticles (NPs) on the structural organization of the lung surfactant system. In the present study, we investigated both, the domain structure in pure DPPC monolayers as well as in lung surfactant model systems. In the pure lipid system we found that two different sized hydrophobic polymeric nanoparticles with diameter of ~12 nm and ~136 nm have contrasting effect on the functional and structural behavior. The small nanoparticles inserted into fluid domains at the LE-LC phase transition are not visibly disturbing the phase transition but disrupting the domain morphology of the LE phase. The large nanoparticles led to an expanded isotherm and to a significant decrease in the line tension and thus to a drastic disruption of the domain structures at a much lower number of nanoparticles with respect to the lipid. The surface activity of the model LS films again showed drastic variations due to presence of different sized NPs illustrated by the film balance isotherms and the atomic force microscopy. AFM revealed laterally profuse multilayer protrusion formation on compression but only in the presence of 136 nm sized nanoparticles. Moreover we investigated the vesicle insertion process into a preformed monolayer. A severe inhibition was observed only in the presence of ~136 nm NPs compared to minor effects in the presence of ~12 nm NPs. Our study clearly shows that the size of the nanoparticles made of the same material determines the interaction with biological membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mridula V Dwivedi
- Institute of Biochemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms Universität Münster, Germany; NRW International Graduate School of Chemistry, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | | | - Olga Koshkina
- BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Berlin, Germany; Institut für Mikrotechnik Mainz (IMM), Mainz, Germany
| | - Michael Maskos
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany; Institut für Mikrotechnik Mainz (IMM), Mainz, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Galla
- Institute of Biochemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms Universität Münster, Germany.
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69
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Wan Q, Cui X, Shao J, Zhou F, Jia Y, Sun X, Zhao X, Chen Y, Diao J, Zhang L. Beijing ambient particle exposure accelerates atherosclerosis in ApoE knockout mice by upregulating visfatin expression. Cell Stress Chaperones 2014; 19:715-24. [PMID: 24523034 PMCID: PMC4147068 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-014-0499-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Revised: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Ambient particulate matter (PM) exposure has been associated with atherosclerosis. However, research on the effect of real-world exposure to ambient PM in regulating visfatin expression in an animal model is very limited. The objective is to investigate whether Beijing ambient PM exposure could accelerate atherosclerosis in ApoE knockout (ApoE(-/-)) mice by upregulating visfatin expression. Forty male ApoE(-/-) mice were exposed to untreated ambient air (PM group, n = 20) or filtered air (FA group, n = 20), 24 h/day, 7 days/week, for 2 months. During the exposure, the mass concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 in the two groups were continuously monitored. Moreover, a receptor source apportionment model was applied to apportion sources of PM2.5. At the end of the exposure, visfatin in plasma and aorta, biomarkers of inflammation, oxidative stress and lipid metabolism in blood samples, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were determined, and the plaque area of the atherosclerosis lesions was quantified. PM-exposed mice were significantly higher than FA-exposed mice in terms of plasma visfatin, OxLDL, MDA, serum TC, LDL, TNF-α as well as IL-6, TNF-α, OxLDL, and MDA in BALF, while SOD and GSH-Px activities in plasma and BALF were reduced in PM-exposed mice. Pathological analysis of the aorta demonstrated that the plaque area and visfatin protein in the PM group increased significantly compared to the FA group. Our findings indicate that ambient PM exposure could accelerate atherosclerosis, which is related to visfatin upregulation, as well as the activation of inflammation and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Wan
- />School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515 Guangdong China
| | - Xiaobing Cui
- />School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515 Guangdong China
| | - Jiman Shao
- />Hospital of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 445 Bayi Avenue, Nanchang, 330006 Jiangxi China
| | - Fenghua Zhou
- />School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515 Guangdong China
| | - Yuhua Jia
- />School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515 Guangdong China
| | - Xuegang Sun
- />School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515 Guangdong China
| | - Xiaoshan Zhao
- />School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515 Guangdong China
| | - Yuyao Chen
- />School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515 Guangdong China
| | - Jianxin Diao
- />School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515 Guangdong China
| | - Lei Zhang
- />School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515 Guangdong China
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70
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Menter DG, Patterson SL, Logsdon CD, Kopetz S, Sood AK, Hawk ET. Convergence of nanotechnology and cancer prevention: are we there yet? Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2014; 7:973-92. [PMID: 25060262 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-14-0079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Nanotechnology is emerging as a promising modality for cancer treatment; however, in the realm of cancer prevention, its full utility has yet to be determined. Here, we discuss the potential of integrating nanotechnology in cancer prevention to augment early diagnosis, precision targeting, and controlled release of chemopreventive agents, reduced toxicity, risk/response assessment, and personalized point-of-care monitoring. Cancer is a multistep, progressive disease; the functional and acquired characteristics of the early precancer phenotype are intrinsically different from those of a more advanced anaplastic or invasive malignancy. Therefore, applying nanotechnology to precancers is likely to be far more challenging than applying it to established disease. Frank cancers are more readily identifiable through imaging and biomarker and histopathologic assessment than their precancerous precursors. In addition, prevention subjects routinely have more rigorous intervention criteria than therapy subjects. Any nanopreventive agent developed to prevent sporadic cancers found in the general population must exhibit a very low risk of serious side effects. In contrast, a greater risk of side effects might be more acceptable in subjects at high risk for cancer. Using nanotechnology to prevent cancer is an aspirational goal, but clearly identifying the intermediate objectives and potential barriers is an essential first step in this exciting journey.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G Menter
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Sherri L Patterson
- Division of Cancer Prevention & Population Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Craig D Logsdon
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Scott Kopetz
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Anil K Sood
- Gynecologic Oncology & Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ernest T Hawk
- Division of Cancer Prevention & Population Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
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71
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Mahto SK, Charwat V, Ertl P, Rothen-Rutishauser B, Rhee SW, Sznitman J. Microfluidic platforms for advanced risk assessments of nanomaterials. Nanotoxicology 2014; 9:381-95. [DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2014.940402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeev Kumar Mahto
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel,
| | - Verena Charwat
- BioSensor Technologies, Austrian Institute of Technology (AIT), Vienna, Austria,
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse, Vienna, Austria,
| | - Peter Ertl
- BioSensor Technologies, Austrian Institute of Technology (AIT), Vienna, Austria,
| | | | - Seog Woo Rhee
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kongju National University, Kongju, South Korea
| | - Josué Sznitman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel,
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72
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Arantes-Costa FM, Grund LZ, Martins MA, Lima C. Airborne pollutant ROFA enhances the allergic airway inflammation through direct modulation of dendritic cells in an uptake-dependent mechanism. Int Immunopharmacol 2014; 22:9-20. [PMID: 24975839 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2014.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Revised: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Studies suggest that airborne pollutants are important cofactors in the exacerbation of lung diseases. The role of DC on the exacerbation of lung inflammation induced by particulate matter pollutants is unclear. We evaluated the effects of residual oil fly ash (ROFA) on the phenotype and function of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) in vitro and lung dendritic cells (DCs) in vivo, and the subsequent T-cell response. In a model of asthma, exposure to ROFA exacerbated pulmonary inflammation, which was attributed to the increase of eosinophils, IL-5- and IFN-γ-producing T cells, and goblet cells as well as decreased number of Treg and pDC. However, the ROFA showed no ability to modulate the production of anaphylactic IgE. In vitro studies showed that ROFA directly induced the maturation of DCs up-regulating the expression of co-stimulatory molecules and cytokines and MMP production in an uptake-dependent and oxidative stress-dependent manner. Furthermore, ROFA-pulsed BMDC transferred to allergic mice exacerbated eosinophilic inflammation as well as promoted increased epithelial and goblet cells changes. Thus, pollutants may constitute an important and risk factor in the exacerbation of asthma with inhibition of the negative regulatory signals in the lung, with enhanced mDC activation that sustains the recruitment of effector T lymphocytes and eosinophil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Magalhaes Arantes-Costa
- Immunoregulation Unit, Special Laboratory of Applied Toxinology, Butantan Institute, Av. Vital Brazil, 1500, Sao Paulo CEP 05503-009, SP, Brazil; Laboratório de Terapêutica Experimental (LIM20), Faculdade de Medicina da USP, Av. Dr Arnaldo, 455, Sala 1220, Sao Paulo CEP 01246-903, SP, Brazil
| | - Lidiane Zito Grund
- Immunoregulation Unit, Special Laboratory of Applied Toxinology, Butantan Institute, Av. Vital Brazil, 1500, Sao Paulo CEP 05503-009, SP, Brazil
| | - Milton Arruda Martins
- Laboratório de Terapêutica Experimental (LIM20), Faculdade de Medicina da USP, Av. Dr Arnaldo, 455, Sala 1220, Sao Paulo CEP 01246-903, SP, Brazil
| | - Carla Lima
- Immunoregulation Unit, Special Laboratory of Applied Toxinology, Butantan Institute, Av. Vital Brazil, 1500, Sao Paulo CEP 05503-009, SP, Brazil.
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73
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PEGylation of ORMOSIL nanoparticles differently modulates the in vitro toxicity toward human lung cells. Arch Toxicol 2014; 89:607-20. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-014-1273-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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74
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Braakhuis HM, Park MVDZ, Gosens I, De Jong WH, Cassee FR. Physicochemical characteristics of nanomaterials that affect pulmonary inflammation. Part Fibre Toxicol 2014; 11:18. [PMID: 24725891 PMCID: PMC3996135 DOI: 10.1186/1743-8977-11-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing manufacture and use of products based on nanotechnology raises concerns for both workers and consumers. Various studies report induction of pulmonary inflammation after inhalation exposure to nanoparticles, which can vary in aspects such as size, shape, charge, crystallinity, chemical composition, and dissolution rate. Each of these aspects can affect their toxicity, although it is largely unknown to what extent. The aim of the current review is to analyse published data on inhalation of nanoparticles to identify and evaluate the contribution of their physicochemical characteristics to the onset and development of pulmonary inflammation. Many physicochemical characteristics of nanoparticles affect their lung deposition, clearance, and pulmonary response that, in combination, ultimately determine whether pulmonary inflammation will occur and to what extent. Lung deposition is mainly determined by the physical properties of the aerosol (size, density, shape, hygroscopicity) in relation to airflow and the anatomy of the respiratory system, whereas clearance and translocation of nanoparticles are mainly determined by their geometry and surface characteristics. Besides size and chemical composition, other physicochemical characteristics influence the induction of pulmonary inflammation after inhalation. As some nanoparticles dissolve, they can release toxic ions that can damage the lung tissue, making dissolution rate an important characteristic that affects lung inflammation. Fibre-shaped materials are more toxic to the lungs compared to spherical shaped nanoparticles of the same chemical composition. In general, cationic nanoparticles are more cytotoxic than neutral or anionic nanoparticles. Finally, surface reactivity correlates well with observed pulmonary inflammation. With all these characteristics affecting different stages of the events leading to pulmonary inflammation, no unifying dose metric could be identified to describe pulmonary inflammation for all nanomaterials, although surface reactivity might be a useful measure. To determine the extent to which the various characteristics influence the induction of pulmonary inflammation, the effect of these characteristics on lung deposition, clearance, and pulmonary response should be systematically evaluated. The results can then be used to facilitate risk assessment by categorizing nanoparticles according to their characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hedwig M Braakhuis
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), PO Box 1, Bilthoven 3720BA, The Netherlands
- Department of Toxicogenomics, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, Maastricht 6200MD, The Netherlands
| | - Margriet VDZ Park
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), PO Box 1, Bilthoven 3720BA, The Netherlands
| | - Ilse Gosens
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), PO Box 1, Bilthoven 3720BA, The Netherlands
| | - Wim H De Jong
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), PO Box 1, Bilthoven 3720BA, The Netherlands
| | - Flemming R Cassee
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), PO Box 1, Bilthoven 3720BA, The Netherlands
- Institute of Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, PO Box 80.163, Utrecht 3508TD, The Netherlands
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75
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Novak P, Shevchuk A, Ruenraroengsak P, Miragoli M, Thorley AJ, Klenerman D, Lab MJ, Tetley TD, Gorelik J, Korchev YE. Imaging single nanoparticle interactions with human lung cells using fast ion conductance microscopy. NANO LETTERS 2014; 14:1202-1207. [PMID: 24555574 DOI: 10.1021/nl404068p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Experimental data on dynamic interactions between individual nanoparticles and membrane processes at nanoscale, essential for biomedical applications of nanoparticles, remain scarce due to limitations of imaging techniques. We were able to follow single 200 nm carboxyl-modified particles interacting with identified membrane structures at the rate of 15 s/frame using a scanning ion conductance microscope modified for simultaneous high-speed topographical and fluorescence imaging. The imaging approach demonstrated here opens a new window into the complexity of nanoparticle-cell interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Novak
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London , Mile End Rd, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
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76
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Prakash YS, Matalon S. Nanoparticles and the lung: friend or foe? Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2014; 306:L393-6. [DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00013.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanomedicine is a rapidly evolving field with high potential for developing novel research, diagnosis, and/or therapeutic approaches for lung diseases. However, for engineered nanomaterials to reach their true potential, there are still a number of unanswered questions regarding nanomaterial vs. tissue properties that dictate lung cellular uptake, distribution, and intracellular effects, and particle vs. tissue factors that determine toxicity vs. beneficial effects in the lung. Some of these key questions are highlighted in this Perspectives. Addressing these important issues will help improve nanoparticle design and enhance enthusiasm for more widespread use of nanotechnology in pulmonary medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y. S. Prakash
- Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; and
| | - Sadis Matalon
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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77
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Impact of particulate matter exposition on the risk of ischemic stroke: epidemiologic evidence and putative mechanisms. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2014; 34:215-20. [PMID: 24301290 PMCID: PMC3915219 DOI: 10.1038/jcbfm.2013.212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2013] [Revised: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Ambient particulate matter (PM) pollution is estimated to be responsible for 3.2 million deaths annually worldwide. Although many studies have demonstrated PM as a serious risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, less is known on its association with cerebrovascular events. Over the last decade, however, an increasing number of studies have provided data showing a relationship between PM exposure and ischemic stroke (IS). In this article, we will report on existing epidemiologic findings for an association between PM exposure and IS based on a systemic literature search. Thus, despite inconsistencies in the results, currently available data suggest that PM exposure is a risk factor for IS, especially in patients with preexisting illnesses. With regards to the mechanisms leading to PM-dependent vascular damage, in particular proinflammatory, prooxidative, as well as proatherogenic pathways have been suggested to be involved. Notably, to date there is only one study published, which demonstrates the influence of PM exposure on cerebrovascular function. We will discuss reasonable approaches for future neurovascular research in this field.
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78
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Heidari Nejad S, Takechi R, Mullins BJ, Giles C, Larcombe AN, Bertolatti D, Rumchev K, Dhaliwal S, Mamo J. The effect of diesel exhaust exposure on blood-brain barrier integrity and function in a murine model. J Appl Toxicol 2014; 35:41-7. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.2985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Revised: 11/24/2013] [Accepted: 12/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sayeh Heidari Nejad
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Public Health; Curtin University of Technology; GPO Box U1987 Perth WA 6845 Australia
| | - Ryusuke Takechi
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Public Health; Curtin University of Technology; GPO Box U1987 Perth WA 6845 Australia
| | - Benjamin J. Mullins
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Public Health; Curtin University of Technology; GPO Box U1987 Perth WA 6845 Australia
| | - Corey Giles
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Public Health; Curtin University of Technology; GPO Box U1987 Perth WA 6845 Australia
| | - Alexander N. Larcombe
- Division of Clinical Sciences; Telethon Institute for Child Health Research, Centre for Child Health Research, The University of Western Australia; PO Box 855 West Perth WA 6872 Australia
| | - Dean Bertolatti
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Public Health; Curtin University of Technology; GPO Box U1987 Perth WA 6845 Australia
| | - Krassi Rumchev
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Public Health; Curtin University of Technology; GPO Box U1987 Perth WA 6845 Australia
| | - Satvinder Dhaliwal
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Public Health; Curtin University of Technology; GPO Box U1987 Perth WA 6845 Australia
| | - John Mamo
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Public Health; Curtin University of Technology; GPO Box U1987 Perth WA 6845 Australia
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79
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Haberl N, Hirn S, Wenk A, Diendorf J, Epple M, Johnston BD, Krombach F, Kreyling WG, Schleh C. Cytotoxic and proinflammatory effects of PVP-coated silver nanoparticles after intratracheal instillation in rats. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2013; 4:933-940. [PMID: 24455451 PMCID: PMC3896256 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.4.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNP) are among the most promising nanomaterials, and their usage in medical applications and consumer products is growing rapidly. To evaluate possible adverse health effects, especially to the lungs, the current study focused on the cytotoxic and proinflammatory effects of AgNP after the intratracheal instillation in rats. Monodisperse, PVP-coated AgNP (70 nm) showing little agglomeration in aqueous suspension were instilled intratracheally. After 24 hours, the lungs were lavaged, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), total protein, and cytokine levels as well as total and differential cell counts were measured in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Instillation of 50 µg PVP-AgNP did not result in elevated LDH, total protein, or cytokine levels in BALF compared to the control, whereas instillation of 250 µg PVP-AgNP caused a significant increase in LDH (1.9-fold) and total protein (1.3-fold) levels as well as in neutrophil numbers (60-fold) of BALF. Furthermore, while there was no change in BALF cytokine levels after the instillation of 50 µg PVP-AgNP, instillation of 250 µg PVP-AgNP resulted in significantly increased levels of seven out of eleven measured cytokines. These finding suggest that exposure to inhaled AgNP can induce moderate pulmonary toxicity, but only at rather high concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Haberl
- Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg/Munich, Germany
- Current address: Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany, Phone: +49 89 2180 76540, Fax: +4949 89 2180 76532
| | - Stephanie Hirn
- Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg/Munich, Germany
- Current address: Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany, Phone: +49 89 2180 76540, Fax: +4949 89 2180 76532
| | - Alexander Wenk
- Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg/Munich, Germany
| | - Jörg Diendorf
- Inorganic Chemistry and Center of Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Matthias Epple
- Inorganic Chemistry and Center of Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Blair D Johnston
- Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg/Munich, Germany
| | - Fritz Krombach
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang G Kreyling
- Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg/Munich, Germany
- Current address: Institute of Epidemiology 2, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg/Munich, Germany
| | - Carsten Schleh
- Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg/Munich, Germany
- Current address: Berufsgenossenschaft Holz und Metall, Am Knie 8, 81241 München, Germany
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80
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Gehr P, Clift MJD, Brandenberger C, Lehmann A, Herzog F, Rothen-Rutishauser B. Endocytosis of environmental and engineered micro- and nanosized particles. Compr Physiol 2013; 1:1159-74. [PMID: 23733639 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c100035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
There are many studies with cells to find out how particles interact with them. In contrast to micronsized particles, which are actively taken up by phagocytosis or macropinocytosis, nanosized particles may be taken up by cells through different endocytic pathways or by another, yet to be defined mechanism. There is increasing evidence that it is the nanosized particles, which are a particular risk because of their high content of organic chemicals and their pro-oxidative potential due to the high surface-to-volume ratio of the particles as compared to the bulk material. It is the goal of this article to create an understanding for the interaction of particles with biological systems, with particular consideration of the interaction of nanoparticles (NPs) with lung cells. One is attempting to understand, how NPs interact with cellular membranes, as it is hardly known, how they are taken up by cells, how they are trafficking in cells, and how they interact with subcellular compartments, such as with mitochondria or with the nucleus. Cells tend to defend themselves against any foreign material, which is taken up. In general, they try to eliminate particulate intruders and this is what they usually manage with micronsized particles. However, with NPs it is different. NPs may not be eliminated easily, and, hence may stimulate the cells to react in an unfavorable way. What we can learn is that NPs behave differently than microparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Gehr
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
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81
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Mohamud R, Xiang SD, Selomulya C, Rolland JM, O’Hehir RE, Hardy CL, Plebanski M. The effects of engineered nanoparticles on pulmonary immune homeostasis. Drug Metab Rev 2013; 46:176-90. [DOI: 10.3109/03602532.2013.859688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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82
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Gatto NM, Henderson VW, Hodis HN, St John JA, Lurmann F, Chen JC, Mack WJ. Components of air pollution and cognitive function in middle-aged and older adults in Los Angeles. Neurotoxicology 2013; 40:1-7. [PMID: 24148924 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2013.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Revised: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
While experiments in animals demonstrate neurotoxic effects of particulate matter (PM) and ozone (O3), epidemiologic evidence is sparse regarding the relationship between different constituencies of air pollution mixtures and cognitive function in adults. We examined cross-sectional associations between various ambient air pollutants [O3, PM2.5 and nitrogen dioxide (NO2)] and six measures of cognitive function and global cognition among healthy, cognitively intact individuals (n=1496, mean age 60.5 years) residing in the Los Angeles Basin. Air pollution exposures were assigned to each residential address in 2000-06 using a geographic information system that included monitoring data. A neuropsychological battery was used to assess cognitive function; a principal components analysis defined six domain-specific functions and a measure of global cognitive function was created. Regression models estimated effects of air pollutants on cognitive function, adjusting for age, gender, race, education, income, study and mood. Increasing exposure to PM2.5 was associated with lower verbal learning (β=-0.32 per 10 μg/m(3) PM2.5, 95% CI=-0.63, 0.00; p=0.05). Ambient exposure to NO2 >20 ppb tended to be associated with lower logical memory. Compared to the lowest level of exposure to ambient O3, exposure above 49 ppb was associated with lower executive function. Including carotid artery intima-media thickness, a measure of subclinical atherosclerosis, in models as a possible mediator did not attenuate effect estimates. This study provides support for cross-sectional associations between increasing levels of ambient O3, PM2.5 and NO2 and measures of domain-specific cognitive abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M Gatto
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics & Population Medicine, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA.
| | - Victor W Henderson
- Department of Health Research & Policy (Epidemiology), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Neurology & Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Howard N Hodis
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jan A St John
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Jiu-Chiuan Chen
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Wendy J Mack
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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83
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Noël A, Charbonneau M, Cloutier Y, Tardif R, Truchon G. Rat pulmonary responses to inhaled nano-TiO₂: effect of primary particle size and agglomeration state. Part Fibre Toxicol 2013; 10:48. [PMID: 24090040 PMCID: PMC3938138 DOI: 10.1186/1743-8977-10-48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The exact role of primary nanoparticle (NP) size and their degree of agglomeration in aerosols on the determination of pulmonary effects is still poorly understood. Smaller NP are thought to have greater biological reactivity, but their level of agglomeration in an aerosol may also have an impact on pulmonary response. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of primary NP size and the agglomeration state in aerosols, using well-characterized TiO2 NP, on their relative pulmonary toxicity, through inflammatory, cytotoxic and oxidative stress effects in Fisher 344 male rats. Methods Three different sizes of TiO2 NP, i.e., 5, 10–30 or 50 nm, were inhaled as small (SA) (< 100 nm) or large agglomerates (LA) (> 100 nm) at 20 mg/m3 for 6 hours. Results Compared to the controls, bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALF) showed that LA aerosols induced an acute inflammatory response, characterized by a significant increase in the number of neutrophils, while SA aerosols produced significant oxidative stress damages and cytotoxicity. Data also demonstrate that for an agglomeration state smaller than 100 nm, the 5 nm particles caused a significant increase in cytotoxic effects compared to controls (assessed by an increase in LDH activity), while oxidative damage measured by 8-isoprostane concentration was less when compared to 10–30 and 50 nm particles. In both SA and LA aerosols, the 10–30 nm TiO2 NP size induced the most pronounced pro-inflammatory effects compared to controls. Conclusions Overall, this study showed that initial NP size and agglomeration state are key determinants of nano-TiO2 lung inflammatory reaction, cytotoxic and oxidative stress induced effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ginette Truchon
- Institut de recherche Robert-Sauvé en santé et en sécurité du travail (IRSST), 505 Boul, De Maisonneuve Ouest, Montréal, Québec H3A 3C2, Canada.
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84
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Abstract
The human body interacts with the environment in many different ways. The lungs interact with the external environment through breathing. The enormously large surface area of the lung with its extremely thin air-blood barrier is exposed to particles suspended in the inhaled air. The particle-lung interaction may cause deleterious effects on health if the inhaled pollutant aerosols are toxic. Conversely, this interaction can be beneficial for disease treatment if the inhaled particles are therapeutic aerosolized drugs. In either case, an accurate estimation of dose and sites of deposition in the respiratory tract is fundamental to understanding subsequent biological response, and the basic physics of particle motion and engineering knowledge needed to understand these subjects is the topic of this article. A large portion of this article deals with three fundamental areas necessary to the understanding of particle transport and deposition in the respiratory tract. These are: (i) the physical characteristics of particles, (ii) particle behavior in gas flow, and (iii) gas-flow patterns in the respiratory tract. Other areas, such as particle transport in the developing lung and in the diseased lung are also considered. The article concludes with a summary and a brief discussion of areas of future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Tsuda
- Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
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85
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Ibricevic A, Guntsen SP, Zhang K, Shrestha R, Liu Y, Sun JY, Welch MJ, Wooley KL, Brody SL. PEGylation of cationic, shell-crosslinked-knedel-like nanoparticles modulates inflammation and enhances cellular uptake in the lung. NANOMEDICINE : NANOTECHNOLOGY, BIOLOGY, AND MEDICINE 2013; 9:912-22. [PMID: 23453959 PMCID: PMC3724762 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2013.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2012] [Revised: 02/07/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The airway provides a direct route for administration of nanoparticles bearing therapeutic or diagnostic payloads to the lung, however optimization of nanoplatforms for intracellular delivery remains challenging. Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) surface modification improves systemic performance but less is known about PEGylated nanoparticles administered to the airway. To test this, we generated a library of cationic, shell crosslinked knedel-like nanoparticles (cSCKs), including PEG (1.5 kDa PEG; 2, 5, 10 molecules/polymer arm) on the outer shell. Delivery of PEGylated cSCK to the mouse airway showed significantly less inflammation in a PEG dose-dependent manner. PEGylation also enhanced the entry of cSCKs in lung alveolar epithelial cells and improved surfactant penetration. The PEGylation effect could be explained by the altered mechanism of endocytosis. While non-PEGylated cSCKs used the clathrin-dependent route for endocytosis, entry of PEGylated cSCK was clathrin-independent. Thus, nanoparticle surface modification with PEG represents an advantageous design for lung delivery. FROM THE CLINICAL EDITOR In this study, the effects of PEGylation were studied on cross linked knedel-like nanoparticles in drug delivery through the lungs, demonstrating less airway inflammation in the studied model than with non-PEGylated nanoparticles, which suggests an overall favorable profile of PEGylated nanoparticles for alveolar delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Ibricevic
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Sean P. Guntsen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Ke Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Ritu Shrestha
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Yongjian Liu
- Department of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Jing Yi Sun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Michael J. Welch
- Department of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Karen L. Wooley
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Steven L. Brody
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
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86
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Bouzas V, Haller T, Hobi N, Felder E, Pastoriza-Santos I, Pérez-Gil J. Nontoxic impact of PEG-coated gold nanospheres on functional pulmonary surfactant-secreting alveolar type II cells. Nanotoxicology 2013; 8:813-23. [PMID: 23914786 DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2013.829878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The outstanding properties of gold nanoparticles (NPs) make them very attractive for biomedical applications. In particular, the inhalation route has gained considerable interest as an innovative strategy for diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary diseases. It is, therefore, important to scrutinise the potentially deleterious or side effects of NPs on lung epithelium. The present study investigates, for the first time, the impact of polyethylene glycol (PEG)-coated NPs on freshly purified primary cultures of rat alveolar type II (ATII) cells. These cells play a central role in the respiratory function of the lungs. They are responsible for synthesizing and secreting pulmonary surfactant (PS), which is required to stabilise the respiratory surface during breathing dynamics. Cytotoxicity and cellular uptake of NPs was evaluated by analysing morphology, viability and exocytotic activity of ATII cells (PS secretion). The impact of ATII cells' exposure to NPs was studied in a wide range of gold concentration with particles sizes of 15 and 100 nm. The results show that PEG-coated NPs are very modestly internalised by ATII cells and it neither leads to detectable morphological changes nor to decreased cell viability nor to alterations in basic functional parameters such as PS secretion, even on exposure to high gold concentration (~0.2 mM) during relatively long periods of time (24-48 h).
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Bouzas
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular I, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense , Madrid , Spain
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87
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Martinelli N, Olivieri O, Girelli D. Air particulate matter and cardiovascular disease: a narrative review. Eur J Intern Med 2013; 24:295-302. [PMID: 23647842 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2013.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Revised: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 04/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Consistent evidences from both epidemiological and experimental studies have demonstrated that short- and long-term exposure to particulate matter (PM), in particular to the finest particles (i.e. airborne PM with aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 μm, PM2.5), is associated with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. PM concentration has been linked with several clinical manifestations of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), including myocardial infarction, stroke, heart failure, arrhythmias, and venous thromboembolism. Noteworthy, some groups of subjects, like elderly, diabetics, or those with known coronary artery disease, appear specifically susceptible to the harmful effects triggered by PM exposure. Although the PM-related risk for a single individual appears relatively low, the PM-related population attributable risk is impressive. Recent studies indicate that the PM-CVD relationship is likely more complex than a mere quantitative association between overall PM concentration and disease risk. Indeed, the biological effects of PM may vary in function of both the aerodynamic diameter and the chemical composition. Moreover, it has been shown that the influence of air pollution on health is not limited to PM. Indeed, other gaseous pollutants may play an independent role in CVD, suggesting the need to develop multi-pollutant preventive approaches. Causality has been recently strongly supported by observations showing reduced CVD mortality after coordinated community policies resulting in lowering PM exposure at population level. An in-depth knowledge on the heterogeneous sources, chemical compounds, and biological effects of PM may help to propose more accurate and clinically effective recommendations for this important and modifiable factor contributing to CVD burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Martinelli
- Department of Medicine, Section of Internal Medicine B, University of Verona, Italy.
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88
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Powers CM, Bale AS, Kraft AD, Makris SL, Trecki J, Cowden J, Hotchkiss A, Gillespie PA. Developmental neurotoxicity of engineered nanomaterials: identifying research needs to support human health risk assessment. Toxicol Sci 2013; 134:225-42. [PMID: 23708405 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kft109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing use of engineered nanomaterials (ENM) in consumer products and commercial applications has helped drive a rise in research related to the environmental health and safety (EHS) of these materials. Within the cacophony of information on ENM EHS to date are data indicating that these materials may be neurotoxic in adult animals. Evidence of elevated inflammatory responses, increased oxidative stress levels, alterations in neuronal function, and changes in cell morphology in adult animals suggests that ENM exposure during development could elicit developmental neurotoxicity (DNT), especially considering the greater vulnerability of the developing brain to some toxic insults. In this review, we examine current findings related to developmental neurotoxic effects of ENM in the context of identifying research gaps for future risk assessments. The basic risk assessment paradigm is presented, with an emphasis on problem formulation and assessments of exposure, hazard, and dose response for DNT. Limited evidence suggests that in utero and postpartum exposures are possible, while fewer than 10 animal studies have evaluated DNT, with results indicating changes in synaptic plasticity, gene expression, and neurobehavior. Based on the available information, we use current testing guidelines to highlight research gaps that may inform ENM research efforts to develop data for higher throughput methods and future risk assessments for DNT. Although the available evidence is not strong enough to reach conclusions about DNT risk from ENM exposure, the data indicate that consideration of ENM developmental neurotoxic potential is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina M Powers
- Office of Research and Development, National Center for Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, USA
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89
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Schleh C, Kreyling WG, Lehr CM. Pulmonary surfactant is indispensable in order to simulate the in vivo situation. Part Fibre Toxicol 2013; 10:6. [PMID: 23531298 PMCID: PMC3616821 DOI: 10.1186/1743-8977-10-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2012] [Accepted: 03/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The article of Gasser et al. [Part Fibre Toxicol. 24; 9:17, 2012] describes the interaction of carbon nanotubes with cells within a complex cell culture model. Besides various toxicity parameters, the influence of coating with pulmonary surfactant was investigated. Pulmonary surfactant covers the entire alveolar region with the main function of decreasing the surface tension in the alveoli to prevent alveolar collapse. Although each inhaled nanoparticle, reaching the alveoli, will come into contact with pulmonary surfactant which will probably lead to a surfactant coating, pulmonary surfactant components are not commonly integrated in in vitro systems. Gasser and co-workers have shown that this surfactant coating is able to influence the further interaction with cellular systems. Hence, each scientist, working with in vitro systems and nanoparticles, should think of integrating pulmonary surfactant structures in order to harmonize the in vitro systems with the in vivo situation. In the present commentary we discuss the most important points of the manuscript of Gasser et al. and discuss where the usage of pulmonary surfactant can be further optimized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Schleh
- Department of in vivo Pharmacology/Toxicology, BSL BIOSERVICE Scientific Laboratories GmbH, Behringstr, 6/8, Planegg/Munich 82152, Germany
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90
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Dinischiotu A, Stanca L, Gradinaru D, Petrache SN, Radu M, Serban AI. Lipid peroxidation due to in vitro and in vivo exposure of biological samples to nanoparticles. Methods Mol Biol 2013; 1028:155-164. [PMID: 23740119 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-475-3_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The increasing use of nanomaterials in biological applications raises numerous concerns about the dangers they might pose to living organisms. The rise in oxidative stress is usually the most readily observed effect induced by nanoparticles, with the measurement of lipid peroxidation levels being one of the most frequently used biological markers for its evaluation. Here, we describe the spectrophotometric and fluorimetric methods for determining the modifications of the malondialdehyde (MDA) level induced by many types of nanoparticles in in vitro and in vivo biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anca Dinischiotu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
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91
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Scarino A, Noël A, Renzi PM, Cloutier Y, Vincent R, Truchon G, Tardif R, Charbonneau M. Impact of emerging pollutants on pulmonary inflammation in asthmatic rats: ethanol vapors and agglomerated TiO2 nanoparticles. Inhal Toxicol 2012; 24:528-38. [PMID: 22746402 DOI: 10.3109/08958378.2012.696741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (nano-TiO(2)) and ethanol vapors are air contaminants with increasing importance. The presence of a pathological pulmonary condition, such as asthma, may increase lung susceptibility to such contaminants. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate if exposure to inhaled ethanol vapors or nano-TiO(2) can modulate the rat pulmonary inflammatory response resulting from an allergic asthmatic reaction. MATERIALS AND METHODS Brown Norway rats were sensitized (sc) and challenged (15 min inhalation, 14 days later) with chicken egg ovalbumin (OVA). Leukocytes were counted in bronchoalveolar lavages (BAL) performed at 6, 24, 36, 48 and 72 h following the challenge and either after ethanol exposures (3000 ppm, 6 h/day, daily) or at 48 h (peak inflammation) for nano-TiO(2) exposures (9.35 mg/m(3) aerosol for 6 and 42 h after the OVA challenge). For the nano-TiO(2) exposures, plasma and BAL cytokines were measured and lung histological analyzes were performed. RESULTS Exposure to ethanol did not significantly affect BAL leukocytes after OVA challenge. Exposure to nano-TiO(2) significantly decreased BAL leukocytes compared to OVA-challenged controls. Plasma and BAL IL-4, IL-6, and INF-γ levels were also decreased in the nano-TiO(2) group. DISCUSSION While ethanol vapors do not modify the pulmonary inflammation in rats during an asthmatic response, a surprising protective effect for agglomerated nano-TiO(2) was observed. A putative mechanistic basis involving a decrease in the Th2 response caused by OVA is proposed. CONCLUSION Allergic pulmonary inflammation is not up-regulated by inhalation of the pollutants ethanol and nano-TiO(2). On the contrary, nano-TiO(2) decreases lung inflammation in asthmatic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Scarino
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Université du Québec, Laval, Quebec, Canada
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92
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Esposito V, Lucariello A, Savarese L, Cinelli MP, Ferraraccio F, Bianco A, De Luca A, Mazzarella G. Morphology changes in human lung epithelial cells after exposure to diesel exhaust micron sub particles (PM₁.₀) and pollen allergens. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2012; 171:162-167. [PMID: 22922455 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2012.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2012] [Revised: 06/27/2012] [Accepted: 07/01/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In the recent literature there has been an increased interest in the effects of particulate matter on the respiratory tract. The objective of this study was to use an in vitro model of type II lung epithelium (A549) to evaluate the cell ability to take up sub-micron PM(1.0) particles (PM(1.0)), Parietaria officinalis (ALL), and PM(1.0) + ALL together. Morphological analysis performed by Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) showed that PM and ALL interacted with the cell surface, then penetrating into the cytoplasm. Each single treatment was able to point out a specific change in the morphology. The cells treated appear healthy and not apoptotic. The main effect was the increase of: multilamellar bodies, lysosomal enzymes, microvilli, and presence of vesicle/vacuoles containing particles. These observations demonstrate morphological and functional alterations related to the PM(1.0) and P. officinalis and confirm the induction of the inflammatory response in lung cells exposed to the inhalable particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Esposito
- Department of Medicine and Public Health, Section of Human Anatomy, Second University of Naples, Italy
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93
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Noël A, Maghni K, Cloutier Y, Dion C, Wilkinson KJ, Hallé S, Tardif R, Truchon G. Effects of inhaled nano-TiO2 aerosols showing two distinct agglomeration states on rat lungs. Toxicol Lett 2012; 214:109-19. [PMID: 22944471 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2012.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2012] [Revised: 08/21/2012] [Accepted: 08/22/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Nano-aerosols composed of large agglomerates (LA) (>100nm) are more likely to promote pulmonary clearance via macrophages phagocytosis. Small agglomerates (SA) (<100nm) seem to escape this first defense mechanism and are more likely to interact directly with biological material. These different mechanisms can influence pulmonary toxicity. This hypothesis was evaluated by comparing the relative pulmonary toxicity induced by aerosolized nano-TiO(2) showing two different agglomeration states: SA (<100nm) and LA (>100nm) at mass concentrations of 2 or 7mg/m(3). Groups of Fisher 344 male rats were nose-only exposed for 6h. The median number aerodynamic diameters were 30 and 185nm at 2mg/m(3), and 31 and 194nm at 7mg/m(3). We found in rat's bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALF) a significant 2.1-fold increase in the number of neutrophils (p<0.05) in the group exposed to the 7mg/m(3) LA nano-aerosol suggesting a mild inflammatory response. Rats exposed to the 7mg/m(3) SA nano-aerosol showed a 1.8-fold increase in LDH activity and 8-isoprostane concentration in BALF, providing evidence for cytotoxic and oxidative stress effects. Our results indicate that biological responses to nanoparticles (NP) might depend on the dimension and concentration of NP agglomerates.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Noël
- Département de santé environnementale et de santé au travail, Institut de recherche en santé publique, Université de Montréal, Canada
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94
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Farcal LR, Uboldi C, Mehn D, Giudetti G, Nativo P, Ponti J, Gilliland D, Rossi F, Bal-Price A. Mechanisms of toxicity induced by SiO2 nanoparticles of in vitro human alveolar barrier: effects on cytokine production, oxidative stress induction, surfactant proteins A mRNA expression and nanoparticles uptake. Nanotoxicology 2012; 7:1095-110. [PMID: 22769972 DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2012.710658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
An in vitro human alveolar barrier established by the coculture of epithelial human cell line NCI-H441 with endothelial human cell line ISO-HAS1 was used to evaluate the effects of amorphous silicon dioxide nanoparticles (SiNPs), in the presence or absence of THP-1 cells (monocytes). SiNPs exposure induced production of proinflammatory cytokine and oxidative stress. A high release of TNF-α and IL-8 by epithelial/endothelial cells, potentiated in the presence of THP-1 cells could contribute to the observed downregulation of surfactant proteins A mRNA expression resulting in the damage of the alveolar barrier. The obtained results suggested that in vitro approach can be used to study pulmonary toxicity as long as the applied in vitro model mimics closely the complexity of in vivo situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucian Romeo Farcal
- Institute for Health and Consumer Protection, Joint Research Centre, European Commission, Validation of Alternative Methods Unit / EURL ECVAM , via E. Fermi 2749, Ispra VA, Italy
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95
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Podkolodnaya OA, Ignatieva EV, Podkolodnyy NL, Kolchanov NA. Routes of nanoparticle uptake into mammalian organisms, their biocompatibility and cellular effects. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1134/s2079086412040068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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96
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KENDALL MICHAELA, HOLGATE STEPHEN. Health impact and toxicological effects of nanomaterials in the lung. Respirology 2012; 17:743-58. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1843.2012.02171.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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97
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Takenaka S, Möller W, Semmler-Behnke M, Karg E, Wenk A, Schmid O, Stoeger T, Jennen L, Aichler M, Walch A, Pokhrel S, Mädler L, Eickelberg O, Kreyling WG. Efficient internalization and intracellular translocation of inhaled gold nanoparticles in rat alveolar macrophages. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2012; 7:855-65. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm.11.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To investigate the relationship of alveolar macrophages and inhaled nanoparticles (NPs) in the lung. Materials & methods: Rats were exposed by inhalation to 16-nm gold NPs for 6 h, and ultramicroscopic observation on the frequency and localization of gold NPs within lavaged macrophages was performed for 7 days. Results & discussion: The majority of macrophages examined on day 0 (94%) contained internalized gold NPs, and the percentage decreased to 59% on day 7. Gold NPs were exclusively found within cytoplasmic vesicles. On day 0, most gold NPs appeared to be individual or slightly agglomerated, while they were frequently agglomerated on day 7. Conclusion: Alveolar macrophages efficiently internalized NPs by endocytosis, and rearrangements of vesicles and of NPs in the vesicles of macrophages occurred. Original submitted 25 March 2011; Revised submitted 28 July 2011; Published online 4 April 2012
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Takenaka
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC) – Institute of Lung Biology & Disease (iLBD), Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Winfried Möller
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC) – Institute of Lung Biology & Disease (iLBD), Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Manuela Semmler-Behnke
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC) – Institute of Lung Biology & Disease (iLBD), Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Erwin Karg
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC) – Institute of Lung Biology & Disease (iLBD), Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Alexander Wenk
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC) – Institute of Lung Biology & Disease (iLBD), Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Otmar Schmid
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC) – Institute of Lung Biology & Disease (iLBD), Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Tobias Stoeger
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC) – Institute of Lung Biology & Disease (iLBD), Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Luise Jennen
- Institute of Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Michaela Aichler
- Institute of Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Axel Walch
- Institute of Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Suman Pokhrel
- Foundation Institute of Materials Science (IWT), Department of Production Engineering, University of Bremen, Badgasteiner Str. 3, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Lutz Mädler
- Foundation Institute of Materials Science (IWT), Department of Production Engineering, University of Bremen, Badgasteiner Str. 3, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Oliver Eickelberg
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC) – Institute of Lung Biology & Disease (iLBD), Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang G Kreyling
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC) – Institute of Lung Biology & Disease (iLBD), Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Focus Network Nanoparticles & Health, Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg/Munich, Germany
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98
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Zhang H, Liu H, Davies KJ, Sioutas C, Finch CE, Morgan TE, Forman HJ. Nrf2-regulated phase II enzymes are induced by chronic ambient nanoparticle exposure in young mice with age-related impairments. Free Radic Biol Med 2012; 52:2038-46. [PMID: 22401859 PMCID: PMC3342863 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.02.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2011] [Revised: 01/30/2012] [Accepted: 02/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Many xenobiotic detoxifying (phase II) enzymes are induced by sublethal doses of environmental toxicants. However, these adaptive mechanisms have not been studied in response to vehicular-derived airborne nano-sized particulate matter (nPM). Because aging is associated with increased susceptibility to environmental toxicants, we also examined the expression of Nrf2-regulated phase II genes in middle-aged mice and their inducibility by chronic nPM. The nPM from vehicular traffic was collected in urban Los Angeles and reaerosolized for exposure of C57BL/6J male mice (3 and 18 months old) for 150 h over 10 weeks. Brain (cerebellum), liver, and lung were assayed by RT-PCR and/or Western blots for the expression of phase II enzymes, glutamate cysteine ligase (catalytic GCLC, and modifier GCLM subunits), NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), and relevant transcription factors, NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), c-Myc, Bach1. Chronic nPM exposure induced GCLC, GCLM, HO-1, NQO1 mRNA, and protein similarly in cerebellum, liver, and lung of young mice. Middle-aged mice had elevated basal levels, but showed impaired further induction by nPM. Similarly, Nrf2 increased with age and was induced by nPM in young but not old. c-Myc showed the same age and induction profile while the age increase in Bach1 was further induced by nPM. Chronic exposure to nanoparticles induced Nrf2-regulated detoxifying enzymes in brain (cerebellum), liver, and lung of young adult mice, indicating a systemic impact of nPM. In contrast, middle-aged mice did not respond above their elevated basal levels except for Bach1. The lack of induction of phase II enzymes in aging mice may be a model for the vulnerability of elderly to air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongqiao Zhang
- Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089
| | - Honglei Liu
- Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089
| | - Kelvin J.A. Davies
- Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089
| | - Constantinos Sioutas
- Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089
| | - Caleb E. Finch
- Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089
| | - Todd E. Morgan
- Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089
| | - Henry Jay Forman
- Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089
- University of California at Merced, Merced, CA 95343
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Van Der Ploeg MJ, Handy RD, Heckmann LH, Van Der Hout A, Van Den Brink NW. C60exposure induced tissue damage and gene expression alterations in the earthwormLumbricus rubellus. Nanotoxicology 2012; 7:432-40. [DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2012.668569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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100
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Tatur S, Badia A. Influence of hydrophobic alkylated gold nanoparticles on the phase behavior of monolayers of DPPC and clinical lung surfactant. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:628-639. [PMID: 22118426 DOI: 10.1021/la203439u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The effect of hydrophobic alkylated gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) on the phase behavior and structure of Langmuir monolayers of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) and Survanta, a naturally derived commercial pulmonary surfactant that contains DPPC as the main lipid component and hydrophobic surfactant proteins SP-B and SP-C, has been investigated in connection with the potential implication of inorganic NPs in pulmonary surfactant dysfunction. Hexadecanethiolate-capped Au NPs (C(16)SAu NPs) with an average core diameter of 2 nm have been incorporated into DPPC monolayers in concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 0.5 mol %. Concentrations of up to 0.2 mol % in DPPC and 16 wt % in Survanta do not affect the monolayer phase behavior at 20 °C, as evidenced by surface pressure-area (π-A) and ellipsometric isotherms. The monolayer structure at the air/water interface was imaged as a function of the surface pressure by Brewster angle microscopy (BAM). In the liquid-expanded/liquid-condensed phase coexistence region of DPPC, the presence of 0.2 mol % C(16)SAu NPs causes the formation of many small, circular, condensed lipid domains, in contrast to the characteristic larger multilobes formed by pure lipid. Condensed domains of similar size and shape to those of DPPC with 0.2 mol % C(16)SAu NPs are formed by compressing Survanta, and these are not affected by the C(16)SAu NPs. Atomic force microscopy images of Langmuir-Schaefer-deposited films support the BAM observations and reveal, moreover, that at high surface pressures (i.e., 35 and 45 mN m(-1)) the C(16)SAu NPs form honeycomb-like aggregates around the polygonal condensed DPPC domains. In the Survanta monolayers, the C(16)SAu NPs were found to accumulate together with the proteins in the liquid-expanded phase around the circular condensed lipid domains. In conclusion, the presence of hydrophobic C(16)SAu NPs in amounts that do not influence the π-A isotherm alters the nucleation, growth, and morphology of the condensed domains in monolayers of DPPC but not of those of Survanta. Systematic investigations of the effect of the interaction of chemically defined NPs with the lipid and protein components of lung surfactant on the physicochemical properties of surfactant films are pertinent to understanding how inhaled NPs impact pulmonary function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Tatur
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128 succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada.
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