51
|
Kang S, Zhang C, Ohno T, Azuma M. Unique B7-H1 expression on masticatory mucosae in the oral cavity and trans-coinhibition by B7-H1-expressing keratinocytes regulating CD4 + T cell-mediated mucosal tissue inflammation. Mucosal Immunol 2017; 10:650-660. [PMID: 27731324 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2016.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The PD-1/B7-H1 pathway regulates immune responses and maintains homeostasis. Here, we identified a unique expression of B7 homolog 1 (B7-H1) on masticatory mucosae in the oral cavity. B7-H1 was physiologically expressed on the dorsal surface of the tongue, gingiva, and hard palate. Other squamous epithelia and other structures of the epithelia did not express B7-H1 in the steady state. Physiological B7-H1 expression on masticatory mucosae was limited on prickle cells, and its expression on basal keratinocytes (KCs) was strictly regulated. B7-H1 on prickle cells was upregulated by external topical stimuli, but B7-H1 on basal KCs was induced only by internal stimuli via infiltrating cells. The blocking of KC-associated B7-H1 or the lack of programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) on tissue effector CD4+ T cells in mice lacking B7-H1 on immune cells drastically exacerbated the tissue inflammation induced by topical OVA painting as an exogenous antigen, indicating direct interaction with KCs and CD4+ T cells. Trans-coinhibitory signals by KCs may modulate local T-cell/dendritic cell activation, resulting in inhibition of T-cell responses in both peripheral and secondary lymphoid tissues. Careful control of B7-H1 induction in KCs may play a crucial role in the protection from CD4+ T cell-mediated tissue inflammation by exogenous antigens delivered from the mucosal surface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Kang
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - C Zhang
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - T Ohno
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - M Azuma
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Prognostic significance of PD-L1 expression on tumor cells and tumor-infiltrating mononuclear cells in upper tract urothelial carcinoma. Med Oncol 2017; 34:94. [PMID: 28409437 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-017-0941-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapy targeting the programmed death-1 (PD-1) receptor/PD-1 ligand (PD-L1) pathway has shown promising results in several malignancies. However, the prognostic significance of PD-L1 expression remains unknown in patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC). This study aimed to evaluate PD-L1 expression and its association with clinicopathological characteristics and oncological outcomes in UTUC patients. PD-L1 expression on tumor cells and tumor-infiltrating mononuclear cells (TIMCs), and E-cadherin and N-cadherin expression on tumor cells were assessed by immunohistochemistry in a cohort of 162 patients with UTUC. Associations of PD-L1 expression on tumor cells and TIMCs with clinicopathological characteristics and cancer-specific survival (CSS) were evaluated. Out of 162 patients, 20 (12.3%) and 35 (21.6%) had positive PD-L1 expression on tumor cells and TIMCs, respectively. Decreased E-cadherin expression was associated with PD-L1 positivity on tumor cells (P = 0.048) and PD-L1 negativity on TIMCs (P = 0.033). PD-L1 expression on tumor cells was higher in patients with preoperative chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage 4-5 than in those with no CKD or CKD stage 1-3 (P = 0.011). PD-L1 was differentially expressed in tumor cells and TIMCs in UTUC. Multivariate analyses revealed that PD-L1 expression on tumor cells independently predicted shorter CSS (P = 0.012), whereas PD-L1 expression on TIMCs independently predicted longer CSS (P = 0.034).
Collapse
|
53
|
Tao LH, Zhou XR, Li FC, Chen Q, Meng FY, Mao Y, Li R, Hua D, Zhang HJ, Wang WP, Chen WC. A polymorphism in the promoter region of PD-L1 serves as a binding-site for SP1 and is associated with PD-L1 overexpression and increased occurrence of gastric cancer. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2017; 66:309-318. [PMID: 27889799 PMCID: PMC11028453 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-016-1936-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PD-L1 is a member of the B7 family co-inhibitory molecules and plays a critical role in tumor immune escape. In this study, we found a polymorphism rs10815225 in the PD-L1 promoter region was significantly associated with the occurrence of gastric cancer. The GG homozygous frequency was higher in the cancer patients than that in the precancerous lesions, which was higher than that in the health controls. This polymorphism locates in the binding-site of Sp1 transcription factor (SP1). The expression level of PD-L1 mRNA in the GG homozygous cancer patients was apparently higher than that in the GC heterozygotes. Luciferase reporter results showed that SP1 bonded to rs10815225 G-allelic PD-L1 promoter instead of C-allelic. Upregulation and knockdown of SP1 resulted in elevation and attenuation of PD-L1 in SGC-7901 cells, respectively. The chromatin immunoprecipitation results further confirmed the binding of SP1 to the promoter of PD-L1. Additionally, rs10815225 was found to be in disequilibrium with a functional polymorphism rs4143815 in the PD-L1 3'-UTR, and the haplotypes of these two polymorphisms were also markedly related to gastric cancer risk. These results revealed a novel mechanism underlying genetic polymorphisms influencing PD-L1 expression modify gastric cancer susceptibility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Hua Tao
- Center for Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Ren-ai Road 199, Suzhou, 215123, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Shizhi Street 188, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Xin-Ru Zhou
- Center for Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Ren-ai Road 199, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Fu-Chao Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Shizhi Street 188, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Center for Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Ren-ai Road 199, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Fan-Yi Meng
- Center for Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Ren-ai Road 199, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yong Mao
- Department of Oncology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Wuxi, 214062, China
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Shizhi Street 188, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Dong Hua
- Department of Oncology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Wuxi, 214062, China
| | - Hong-Jian Zhang
- Center for Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Ren-ai Road 199, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Wei-Peng Wang
- Center for Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Ren-ai Road 199, Suzhou, 215123, China.
| | - Wei-Chang Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Shizhi Street 188, Suzhou, 215006, China.
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
Li J, Chen L, Xiong Y, Zheng X, Xie Q, Zhou Q, Shi L, Wu C, Jiang J, Wang H. Knockdown of PD-L1 in Human Gastric Cancer Cells Inhibits Tumor Progression and Improves the Cytotoxic Sensitivity to CIK Therapy. Cell Physiol Biochem 2017; 41:907-920. [PMID: 28222426 DOI: 10.1159/000460504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Abstract: PD-L1 has been an important target of cancer immunotherapy. We have showed that in human gastric cancer tissues, over-expression of PD-L1 was significantly associated with cancer progression and patients' postoperative prognoses. However, as of now, how PD-L1 regulates the biological function of gastric cancer cells still remains elusive. METHODS We constructed the stable PD-L1 knockdown expression gastric cancer cell lines by using RNAi method, and further investigated the changes of biological functions including cell viability, migration, invasion, cell cycle, apoptosis, tumorigenicity in vivo, and the cytotoxic sensitivity to CIK therapy, in contrast to the control cells. RESULTS In the current study, we demonstrated that the knockdown of PD-L1 expression in human gastric cancer cells could significantly suppress the cell proliferation, migration, invasion, apoptosis, cell cycle, tumorigenicity in vivo and the cytotoxic sensitivity to CIK therapy. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that PD-L1 contributes towards transformation and progression of human gastric cancer cells, and its intervention could prove to be an important therapeutic strategy against gastric cancer.
Collapse
|
55
|
Kim S, Koh J, Kim MY, Kwon D, Go H, Kim YA, Jeon YK, Chung DH. PD-L1 expression is associated with epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in adenocarcinoma of the lung. Hum Pathol 2016; 58:7-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2016.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 06/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
56
|
Muto Y, Fujimura T, Kakizaki A, Tono H, Tsuchiyama K, Aiba S. Acral lentigenous melanoma developing from the skin of bullous congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma. DERMATOL SIN 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dsi.2016.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
|
57
|
Groeger S, Jarzina F, Mamat U, Meyle J. Induction of B7-H1 receptor by bacterial cells fractions of Porphyromonas gingivalis on human oral epithelial cells: B7-H1 induction by Porphyromonas gingivalis fractions. Immunobiology 2016; 222:137-147. [PMID: 28164807 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2016.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The immune-regulatory B7-H1 receptor, also known as programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), plays an important role in cell-mediated immune response. It is a co-signaling molecule that mediates regulation of T cell activation and tolerance and is able to negatively regulate activated T cell functions and survival. High expression of B7-H1 in host cells may contribute to the chronicity of inflammatory disorders and represents a possible mechanism of immune evasion. Porphyromonas gingivalis is regarded as a keystone pathogen in periodontitis and is able to invade host cells and disposes a variety of virulence factors including lipopolysaccharide (LPS), fimbriae and proteases such as gingipains. Based on previous studies that demonstrated the capability of P. gingivalis to induce up-regulation of PD-L1 in malignant and non-malignant oral epithelial cells, the aim of the present work was to analyse the potential of various cellular components of P. gingivalis to induce the PD-L1 receptor. Human squamous carcinoma cells and primary gingival keratinocytes were stimulated with total, inner and outer membrane fractions, cytosolic proteins, as well as LPS and peptidoglycans. PD-L1 protein expression was investigated by Western blot analysis and RT-PCR. It was demonstrated that the total membrane fraction induced the highest up-regulation in B7-H1 expression, followed by the outer and inner membrane, whereas cytosolic proteins and LPS did not. In conclusion, we provide evidence that the membrane fraction of P. gingivalis is responsible for up-regulation of the immune-regulatory receptor PD-L1 in squamous carcinoma cells and gingival keratinocytes, and thus may support immune evasion of oral carcinomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Groeger
- Department of Periodontology, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Germany.
| | - F Jarzina
- Department of Periodontology, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Germany
| | - U Mamat
- Division of Structural Biochemistry, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz-Center for Medicine and Bioscience, Borstel, Germany
| | - J Meyle
- Department of Periodontology, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Borradori L, Sutton B, Shayesteh P, Daniels G. Rescue therapy with anti-programmed cell death protein 1 inhibitors of advanced cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma and basosquamous carcinoma: preliminary experience in five cases. Br J Dermatol 2016; 175:1382-1386. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.14642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Borradori
- Moores Cancer Center; University of California San Diego; 3855 Health Sciences Drive La Jolla CA 92093 U.S.A
- Department of Dermatology; University Hospital; University of Bern; Freiburgstrasse 3010 Bern Switzerland
| | - B. Sutton
- Moores Cancer Center; University of California San Diego; 3855 Health Sciences Drive La Jolla CA 92093 U.S.A
| | - P. Shayesteh
- Moores Cancer Center; University of California San Diego; 3855 Health Sciences Drive La Jolla CA 92093 U.S.A
| | - G.A. Daniels
- Moores Cancer Center; University of California San Diego; 3855 Health Sciences Drive La Jolla CA 92093 U.S.A
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
Change in PD-L1 Expression After Acquiring Resistance to Gefitinib in EGFR-Mutant Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer. Clin Lung Cancer 2016; 17:263-270.e2. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cllc.2015.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
60
|
Chandrakesan P, Panneerselvam J, Qu D, Weygant N, May R, Bronze MS, Houchen CW. Regulatory Roles of Dclk1 in Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition and Cancer Stem Cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 7. [PMID: 27335684 PMCID: PMC4913783 DOI: 10.4172/2157-2518.1000257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The identification of functionally relevant subpopulations of therapy-resistant cancer cells is a challenge. These cells, intrinsically resistant to conventional therapy, can cause recurrence. Evidence has suggested that therapy-resistant cancer cells are likely epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) cells and/or stem-like cells called cancer stem cells (CSCs). EMT, a normal embryological process that converts epithelial cells into mesenchymal cells, is frequently activated during cancer development and progression. CSCs are a small subpopulation of cancer cells within a tumor mass that have the ability to self-renew and maintain tumor-initiating capacity by giving rise to heterogeneous lineages of cancer cells that comprise the whole tumor. Although the origin of CSCs and EMT cells remains to be fully explored, a growing body of evidence has indicated that the biology of EMT and CSCs is strongly linked. Doublecortin-like kinase 1 (DCLK1), a cancer stem cell marker, is functionally involved in maintaining cancer stemness and the process of EMT important for cancer initiation, cancer metastasis, and secondary tumor formation. Therefore, targeting these cells may provide new strategies to overcome tumor heterogeneity, therapeutic resistance, and cancer relapse. In this review, we will provide a potential mechanistic link between EMT induction and the emergence of CSCs for the origin and progression of cancer. We will highlight the functional activity of DCLK1 in supporting EMT and cancer cell self-renewal, which will lead us to a better understanding of DCLK1 expression in cancer development and progression, and help us to develop targeted therapies for effective cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Chandrakesan
- Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Stephenson Oklahoma Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - J Panneerselvam
- Stephenson Oklahoma Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - D Qu
- Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Stephenson Oklahoma Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - N Weygant
- Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - R May
- Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - M S Bronze
- Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - C W Houchen
- Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Stephenson Oklahoma Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; COARE Biotechnology, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| |
Collapse
|
61
|
Wang D, DuBois RN. Immunosuppression associated with chronic inflammation in the tumor microenvironment. Carcinogenesis 2015; 36:1085-93. [PMID: 26354776 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgv123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation contributes to cancer development via multiple mechanisms. One potential mechanism is that chronic inflammation can generate an immunosuppressive microenvironment that allows advantages for tumor formation and progression. The immunosuppressive environment in certain chronic inflammatory diseases and solid cancers is characterized by accumulation of proinflammatory mediators, infiltration of immune suppressor cells and activation of immune checkpoint pathways in effector T cells. In this review, we highlight recent advances in our understanding of how immunosuppression contributes to cancer and how proinflammatory mediators induce the immunosuppressive microenvironment via induction of immunosuppressive cells and activation of immune checkpoint pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dingzhi Wang
- Laboratory for Inflammation and Cancer, The Biodesign Institute and
| | - Raymond N DuBois
- Laboratory for Inflammation and Cancer, The Biodesign Institute and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, PO Box 875001, 1001 S. McAllister Ave., Tempe, AZ 85287, USA and Department of Research and Division of Gastroenterology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA
| |
Collapse
|
62
|
Zhi Y, Mou Z, Chen J, He Y, Dong H, Fu X, Wu Y. B7H1 Expression and Epithelial-To-Mesenchymal Transition Phenotypes on Colorectal Cancer Stem-Like Cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0135528. [PMID: 26284927 PMCID: PMC4540313 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) can invade and metastasize by epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). However, how they escape immune surveillance is unclear. B7H1 is crucial negative co-stimulatory molecule but little information about whether it works in CSCs. Therefore, we determined the expression of B7H1 and EMT-associated markers in colorectal cancer stem-like cells to investigate a possible immunoevasion way of CSCs. We enriched CD133+ colorectal cancer cells which manifested the CSCs-like properties such as higher levels of other stem cell markers Oct-4 and Sox-2, tumor sphere forming ability and more tumorigenic in NOD/SCID mice. These CD133+ cells possess EMT gene expression profile including higher level of Snail, Twist, vimentin, fibronectin and lower level of E-cadherin. Moreover, CD133+ cells in both cell line and colorectal cancer tissues expressed high level of negative co-stimulate molecule B7H1. Furthermore, some B7H1+ cancer cells also showed the characteristic of EMT, indicating EMT cells could escape immune attack during metastasis. B7H1 expression and EMT phenotypes on CSCs indicates a possible immunoevasion way.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yidan Zhi
- Institute of Immunology of PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhirong Mou
- Institute of Immunology of PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- * E-mail: (YW); (ZM)
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of General surgery, Southwest Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Yujun He
- Department of General surgery, Daping Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Hui Dong
- Institute of Immunology of PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaolan Fu
- Institute of Immunology of PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuzhang Wu
- Institute of Immunology of PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- * E-mail: (YW); (ZM)
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
Zhang L, Zhang Z, Liu Y, Xue Y, Parney I. Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) may play a role in malignant glioma infiltration. Med Hypotheses 2015; 85:127-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2015.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Revised: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
64
|
Wang Y, Wang H, Zhao Q, Xia Y, Hu X, Guo J. PD-L1 induces epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition via activating SREBP-1c in renal cell carcinoma. Med Oncol 2015; 32:212. [PMID: 26141060 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-015-0655-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of kidney cancer has been increasing globally during the past two decades. Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most aggressive subtype of kidney cancer, which usually deteriorates with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) that facilitates the migration and invasion of cancer cells. Till now, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1/B7-H1/CD274) could induce EMT and enhance RCC cell cancer stemness through up-regulation of SREBP-1c. Furthermore, we found that PD-L1 is up-regulated in human RCC metastases. These results, taken together, provide evidence for a novel mechanism of PD-L1 in RCC progression, suggesting that there is a close relationship between EMT and immune escape signaling pathways in RCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Wang
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Rd., Shanghai, 200032, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
65
|
Kim DS, Je JH, Kim SH, Shin D, Kim TG, Kim DY, Kim SM, Lee MG. Programmed death-ligand 1, 2 expressions are decreased in the psoriatic epidermis. Arch Dermatol Res 2015; 307:531-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00403-015-1588-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Revised: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
|
66
|
Ritprajak P, Azuma M. Intrinsic and extrinsic control of expression of the immunoregulatory molecule PD-L1 in epithelial cells and squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Oncol 2014; 51:221-8. [PMID: 25500094 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2014.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2014] [Revised: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Recent clinical results for PD-1 blockade therapy have demonstrated durable tumor control with minimal immune-related adverse effects. PD-L1 is induced in non-lymphoid tissue cells and tumor cells, in addition to tissue-recruiting immune cells, under inflammatory conditions triggered by several cytokines, especially IFN-γ, and exogenous stimuli delivered by pathogen-associated molecular patterns. Receptor-mediated signaling molecules that affect the cell cycle, proliferation, apoptosis, and survival (including NF-κB, MAPK, PI3K, mTOR, and JAK/STAT) are involved in PD-L1 induction. PD-L1 expression in tumor cells is also triggered by the signals described above, but in some instances, intrinsic cell alteration associated with carcinogenesis contributes to PD-L1 induction. The tumor suppressor genes PTEN and Lkb1 and epithelial-mesenchymal transition-related molecules are also involved in the regulation of PD-L1 expression. Notably, squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) often exhibits both host immunosuppression and cytogenetic alternations of tumor cells. Precise understanding of how PD-L1 expression is controlled will allow the development of effective approaches to PD-1 blockade therapy for patients with SCCHN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patcharee Ritprajak
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and DRU of Oral Microbiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Miyuki Azuma
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
67
|
Abstract
Optimal T cell response is dependent not only on T cell receptor activation, but also on additional signaling from coreceptors. The main coreceptors include B7 and tumor necrosis factor family members. They exert costimulatory or coinhibitory effects, and their balance determines the fate of T cell response. In normal conditions, costimulators facilitate the development of protective immune response, whereas coinhibitors dampen inflammation to avoid organ/tissue damage from excessive immune reaction. In the tumor microenvironment, the balance is garbled: inhibitory pathways predominate, and T cell response is impaired. The importance of cosignaling in the tumor immune response has been experimentally and clinically demonstrated. New therapeutic strategies targeting T cell cosignaling, especially coinhibitory molecules, are under active experimental and clinical investigation. This review summarizes the functions of main T cell cosignaling axes and discusses their clinical application.
Collapse
|
68
|
Song X, Liu J, Lu Y, Jin H, Huang D. Overexpression of B7-H1 correlates with malignant cell proliferation in pancreatic cancer. Oncol Rep 2013; 31:1191-8. [PMID: 24378899 DOI: 10.3892/or.2013.2955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
B7-H1, a member of the B7 family of proteins, is hypothesised to play an important role in the immune escape of tumours through its binding to the PD-1 receptor on activated T and B cells. By inducing T lymphocyte apoptosis, tumour cells can suppress an effective antitumour immune response. Although the immunosuppressive effect of B7-H1 has been studied in many tumours, its other biological functions remain unclear. We previously demonstrated a high expression level of this molecule in pancreatic cancer patient samples and its antiapoptotic effect in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) cells. The aim of the present study was to investigate the possible role of B7-H1 in the proliferation of PDA cells. Functional studies were performed using pancreatic cell lines that were genetically engineered to express high or low levels of B7-H1, and we found that the overexpression of B7-H1 through plasmid transfection in PDA cells promoted cell proliferation. Conversely, the short-hairpin RNA (shRNA) knockdown of B7-H1 inhibited PDA cell proliferation. Further analyses of the cell cycle and cell cycle-related molecules confirmed this result. Taken together, our results indicate that the upregulation of B7-H1 in pancreatic cancer cells promotes proliferation and accelerates carcinogenesis; these data, therefore, provide insights into the effects of B7-H1 overexpression on pancreatic tumour cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Song
- Department of General Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, P.R. China
| | - Junwei Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, P.R. China
| | - Yi Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, P.R. China
| | - Hongchuan Jin
- Biomedical Research Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, P.R. China
| | - Dongsheng Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
69
|
Liu J, Gao L, Zhang H, Wang D, Wang M, Zhu J, Pang C, Wang C. Succinate dehydrogenase 5 (SDH5) regulates glycogen synthase kinase 3β-β-catenin-mediated lung cancer metastasis. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:29965-73. [PMID: 23983127 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.450106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We demonstrate that loss of succinate dehydrogenase 5 (SDH5) expression initiates epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which is visualized by the repression of E-cadherin and up-regulation of vimentin in lung cancer cell lines and clinical lung cancer specimens. In SDH5 knock-out mice, lung epithelial cells exhibited elevated mesenchymal markers, which is characteristic of EMT. Using a human lung xenograft-mouse model, we observed that knocking down endogenous SDH5 in human carcinoma cells leads to the development of multiple lymph node metastases. Moreover, our data indicate that SDH5 functions as a critical protein in regulating EMT by modulating the glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3β-β-catenin signaling pathway. These results reveal a critical role for SDH5 in EMT and suggest that SDH5 may be a prognostic biomarker and potential therapeutic target for lung cancer metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liu
- From the Department of Lung Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
70
|
Elhag OAO, Hu XJ, Wen-Ying Z, Li X, Yuan YZ, Deng LF, Liu DL, Liu YL, Hui G. Reconstructed adeno-associated virus with the extracellular domain of murine PD-1 induces antitumor immunity. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2013; 13:4031-6. [PMID: 23098512 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2012.13.8.4031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The negative signaling provided by interactions of the co-inhibitory molecule, programmed death-1 (PD-1), and its ligands, B7-H1 (PD-L1) and B7-DC (PD-L2), is a critical mechanism contributing to tumor evasion; blockade of this pathway has been proven to enhance cytotoxic activity and mediate antitumor therapy. Here we evaluated the anti-tumor efficacy of AAV-mediated delivery of the extracellular domain of murine PD-1 (sPD-1) to a tumor site. MATERIAL AND METHODS An rAAV vector was constructed in which the expression of sPD-1, a known negative regulator of TCR signals, is driven by human cytomegalovirus immediate early promoter (CMV-P), using a triple plasmid transfection system. Tumor-bearing mice were then treated with the AAV/sPD1 construct and expression of sPD-1 in tumor tissues was determined by semi quantitative RT-PCR, and tumor weights and cytotoxic activity of splenocytes were measured. RESULTS Analysis of tumor homogenates revealed sPD-1 mRNA to be significantly overexpressed in rAAV/sPD-1 treated mice as compared with control levels. Its use for local gene therapy at the inoculation site of H22 hepatoma cells could inhibit tumor growth, also enhancing lysis of tumor cells by lymphocytes stimulated specifically with an antigen. In addition, PD-1 was also found expressed on the surfaces of activated CD8+ T cells. CONCLUSION This study confirmed that expression of the soluble extracellular domain of PD-1 molecule could reduce tumor microenvironment inhibitory effects on T cells and enhance cytotoxicity. This suggests that it might be a potential target for development of therapies to augment T-cell responses in patients with malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Osama A O Elhag
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, College of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Hubei, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
71
|
Cunha LL, Marcello MA, Morari EC, Nonogaki S, Conte FF, Gerhard R, Soares FA, Vassallo J, Ward LS. Differentiated thyroid carcinomas may elude the immune system by B7H1 upregulation. Endocr Relat Cancer 2013. [PMID: 23193072 DOI: 10.1530/erc-12-0313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
B7H1 is consistently associated with inhibition of the immune system in many solid tumors. However, there is no report about its impact on differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) presentation, aggressiveness, or evolution. Aiming to investigate the role of B7H1 in DTC and correlate this protein with other tumor-infiltrating immune cells, we studied 407 thyroid nodule tissue samples including 293 from DTC patients, all managed according to a same standard protocol. In addition, we obtained 5 normal and 114 benign thyroid lesions. Eighteen out of the 253 papillary thyroid carcinomas were paired with respective metastatic lymph node tissues. B7H1 (CD274) protein expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry and the gene expression was quantified by real-time PCR. Malignant tissues displayed a more intense B7H1 staining and higher mRNA levels than benign tissues (both P<0.0001). We observed a positive linear correlation between higher age at diagnosis and B7H1 mRNA levels (P=0.02896). Elevated levels of B7H1 protein were associated with the presence of CD4+, CD8+, CD20+, and FoxP3+ lymphocytes (all P<0.05); tumor-associated macrophages (P<0.0001); and the presence of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (P=0.03256). Stage II-IV patients presented higher B7H1 mRNA levels than stage I cases (P=0.03522). On the contrary, a decreased expression of B7H1 protein was observed in lymph node metastasis (P=0.0152). In conclusion, our data demonstrate that B7H1 expression is associated with features of aggressiveness, suggesting that this is an immune evasion mechanism of DTC cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Leite Cunha
- Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, 126 Tessalia Vieira de Camargo Street, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
72
|
Ukpo OC, Thorstad WL, Lewis JS. B7-H1 expression model for immune evasion in human papillomavirus-related oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Head Neck Pathol 2012. [PMID: 23179191 PMCID: PMC3642256 DOI: 10.1007/s12105-012-0406-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is associated with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas. Persistent viral infection is postulated to lead to carcinogenesis, although infection of benign adjacent epithelium is not typically observed. It is known that immune evasive tumor cells can provide an ideal niche for a virus. The B7-H1/PD-1 cosignaling pathway plays an important role in viral immune evasion by rendering CD8+ cytotoxic T cells anergic. We hypothesized that HPV-related oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas express B7-H1 as a mechanism for immune evasion. A tissue microarray was utilized, for which HPV E6/E7 mRNA by in situ hybridization was previously performed. Immunohistochemistry was performed to detect B7-H1 and staining was characterized by pattern, distribution, and intensity. B7-H1 was expressed by 84 of the 181 (46.4%) cases. Both tumor cell membranous and cytoplasmic expression were present and cytoplasmic expression was identified in some peritumoral lymphocytes. Expression was analyzed in several different ways and then considered binarily as positive versus negative. Tumors expressing B7-H1 were more likely to be HPV positive (49.2 vs. 34.1 %, p = 0.08). B7-H1 expression showed no correlation with disease recurrence in the entire cohort (OR = 1.09, p = 0.66), HPV positive cohort (OR = 0.80, p = 0.69) or HPV negative cohort (OR = 2.02, p = 0.22). However, B7-H1 expression intensity did correlate with the development of distant metastasis (p = 0.03), and B7-H1 intensity of 3+ (versus all other staining) showed a strong trend towards distant metastasis in the HPV positive (OR = 6.67, p = 0.13) and HPV negative (OR = 9.0, p = 0.13) cohorts. There was no correlation between B7-H1 expression and patient survival for any of the different ways in which staining was characterized, whether binarily, by distribution, intensity, or combined scores. B7-H1 is expressed in the majority of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas with transcriptionally-active HPV. This suggests that B7-H1 expression by tumor cells may play a role in harboring persistent HPV infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Odey C. Ukpo
- />Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave., Campus Box 8118, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Wade L. Thorstad
- />Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO USA
| | - James S. Lewis
- />Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave., Campus Box 8118, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
- />Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, MO USA
| |
Collapse
|
73
|
Jiang X, Zhou J, Giobbie-Hurder A, Wargo J, Hodi FS. The activation of MAPK in melanoma cells resistant to BRAF inhibition promotes PD-L1 expression that is reversible by MEK and PI3K inhibition. Clin Cancer Res 2012; 19:598-609. [PMID: 23095323 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-12-2731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 380] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Selective BRAF inhibition (BRAFi) provides a paradigm shift for melanoma treatment. The duration of benefit is typically limited before resistance develops. Interest remains in combining targeted and immune therapies to overcome resistance and improve durability of clinical benefit. One mechanism of evading immune destruction is programmed death-1-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression by tumors that results in potent antitumor immune suppression. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN BRAFi-resistant melanoma cells were examined for changes in PD-L1 expression by immunoblot and flow cytometry. Signaling pathways involved in altering PD-L1 expression were examined. Strategies to maximize the effect of the BRAFi therapy were studied including MEKi, MEKi combinations, and additional pathways including phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K). RESULTS Melanoma cells resistant to BRAFi exhibit increased MAPK signaling and promotion of PD-L1 expression. PD-L1 expression is transcriptionally modulated by c-Jun and augmented by STAT3. MEK inhibition (MEKi) regains downregulation of MAPK signaling and suppresses the production of PD-L1. MEKi in melanoma cells shows dual therapeutic effects with simultaneous suppression of PD-L1 expression and induction of apoptosis. By combining MEKi with BRAFi, an additive effect on the inhibition of PD-L1 expression results. CONCLUSIONS We report a novel mechanism that suppresses preexisting immune responses in patients with melanoma receiving BRAFi therapy. BRAFi resistance leads to increased expression of PD-L1 in melanoma cells, mediated by c-Jun and STAT3. MEKi may be feasible to counteract BRAFi resistance of MAPK reactivation and also for the additive effect of PD-L1 suppression. Potential therapeutic benefits of combining targeted inhibitors and immune modulation to improve patient outcomes should be investigated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Jiang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
74
|
Kuo PL, Huang MS, Cheng DE, Hung JY, Yang CJ, Chou SH. Lung cancer-derived galectin-1 enhances tumorigenic potentiation of tumor-associated dendritic cells by expressing heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:9753-9764. [PMID: 22291012 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.321190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction between cancer cells and their microenvironment is a vicious cycle that enhances the survival and progression of cancer, resulting in metastasis. This study is the first to indicate that lung cancer-derived galectin-1 secretion is responsible for stimulating tumor-associated dendritic cells (TADCs) production of mature heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF), which, in turn, increases cancer progression. Treatment of galectin-1, present in large amounts in lung cancer conditioned medium and lung cancer patient sera, mimicked the inductive effect of lung cancer conditioned medium on the expression and ectodomain shedding of HB-EGF by TNFα-converting enzyme/a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 9 (ADAM9) and ADAM17. Significant up-regulation of HB-EGF has been seen in tumor-infiltrating CD11c(+) dendritic cells in human lung cancer samples. Active cleavage of HB-EGF in TADCs by ADAM9 and ADAM17 is associated with increased protein kinase C δ and Lyn signaling. Enhancement of HB-EGF production in TADCs increased the proliferation, migration, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition abilities of lung cancer. In contrast, inhibiting HB-EGF by siRNA suppressed TADC-mediated cancer progression. Moreover, mice injected with galectin-1 knockdown Lewis lung carcinoma showed decreased expression and ectodomain shedding of HB-EGF and reduced incidence of cancer development, resulting in increased survival rates. We demonstrate here for the first time that human and mouse DCs are a source of HB-EGF, an EGFR ligand with tumorigenic properties. Antagonists of the effect of lung cancer-derived galectin-1 on DCs and anti-HB-EGF blocking antibodies could, therefore, have therapeutic potential as antitumor agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Po-Lin Kuo
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan,; Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Ming-Shyan Huang
- Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Da-En Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan, and
| | - Jen-Yu Hung
- Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan,; Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan, and
| | - Chih-Jen Yang
- Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan,; Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan, and
| | - Shah-Hwa Chou
- Department of Chest Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
75
|
Cao Y, Zhang L, Ritprajak P, Tsushima F, Youngnak-Piboonratanakit P, Kamimura Y, Hashiguchi M, Azuma M. Immunoregulatory molecule B7-H1 (CD274) contributes to skin carcinogenesis. Cancer Res 2011; 71:4737-41. [PMID: 21730022 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-11-0527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
B7-H1 (CD274), a member of the B7 family of coinhibitory molecules, is often induced in human tumors and its expression is closely correlated with a poor prognosis or higher malignancy grade. Tumor-associated B7-H1 is implicated in mechanisms of immune escape. Under inflammatory conditions, B7-H1 is also inducible in normal epithelial cells, but little is known about its involvement in the conversion of normal cells to tumor cells. We recently found that skin-specific expression of B7-H1 accelerates chemically induced carcinogenesis of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), despite impaired skin inflammatory responses, in B7-H1 transgenic (B7-H1tg) mice. B7-H1tg-derived keratinocytes (KC) and SCCs exhibited a marked reduction of E-cadherin, and B7-H1tg-originated SCCs showed elevated expression of the transcription factors Slug and Twist, suggesting that B7-H1 overexpression in KCs promotes the epithelial-mesenchymal transition and accelerates carcinogenesis. This review discusses the diverse functions of B7-H1 in carcinogenesis and cancer progression, and considers future directions for developing cancer therapy targeting B7-H1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Cao
- Departments of Molecular Immunology and Oral and Maxillo-facial Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|