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Verma P, Nagireddy PKR, Prassanawar SS, Nirmala JG, Gupta A, Kantevari S, Lopus M. 9-PAN promotes tubulin- and ROS-mediated cell death in human triple-negative breast cancer cells. J Pharm Pharmacol 2020; 72:1585-1594. [PMID: 32959391 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.13349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the antiproliferative effect of a rationally designed, novel noscapine analogue, 9-((perfluorophenyl)methylene) aminonoscapine, '9-PAN') on MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line, and to elucidate the underlying mechanism of action. METHODS The rationally designed Schiff base-containing compound, 9-PAN, was characterized using IR, NMR and mass spectra analysis. The effect of the compound on cell viability was studied using an MTT assay. Cell cycle and cell death analyses were performed using flow cytometry. Binding interactions of 9-PAN with tubulin were studied using spectrofluorometry. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were investigated using the probes, DCFDA and rhodamine-123, respectively. Immunofluorescence imaging was used to visualize cellular microtubules. KEY FINDINGS 9-PAN inhibited cell proliferation (IC50 of 20 ± 0.3 µm) and colony formation (IC50 , 6.2 ± 0.3 µm) by arresting the cells at G2 /M phase of the cell cycle. It bound to tubulin in a concentration-dependent manner without considerably altering the tertiary conformation of the protein or the polymer mass of the microtubules in vitro. The noscapinoid substantially damaged cellular microtubule network and induced cell death, facilitated by elevated levels of ROS. CONCLUSIONS 9-PAN exerts its antiproliferative effect by targeting tubulin and elevating ROS level in the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prachi Verma
- School of Biological Sciences, UM-DAE Centre for Excellence in Basic Sciences, University of Mumbai, Mumbai, India
| | | | - Shweta Shyam Prassanawar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Jesuthankaraj Grace Nirmala
- School of Biological Sciences, UM-DAE Centre for Excellence in Basic Sciences, University of Mumbai, Mumbai, India
| | - Ankita Gupta
- School of Biological Sciences, UM-DAE Centre for Excellence in Basic Sciences, University of Mumbai, Mumbai, India
| | - Srinivas Kantevari
- Fluoro & Agrochemicals Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Manu Lopus
- School of Biological Sciences, UM-DAE Centre for Excellence in Basic Sciences, University of Mumbai, Mumbai, India
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Nambiar N, Nagireddy PKR, Pedapati R, Kantevari S, Lopus M. Tubulin- and ROS-dependent antiproliferative mechanism of a potent analogue of noscapine, N-propargyl noscapine. Life Sci 2020; 258:118238. [PMID: 32791146 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AIM To rationally-design, synthesize, characterize, biologically evaluate, and to elucidate the anticancer mechanism of action of a novel analogue of noscapine, N-propargyl noscapine (NPN), as a potential drug candidate against triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). MATERIALS AND METHODS After the synthesis and IR, 1H, 13C NMR and mass spectral characterization of NPN, its antiproliferative efficacy against different cancer cell lines was investigated using Sulforhodamine B assay. Cell cycle progression was analysed using flow cytometry. The drug-tubulin interactions were studied using tryptophan-quenching assay, ANS-binding assay, and colchicine-binding assay. Immunofluorescence imaging was used to examine the effect of NPN on cellular microtubules. Levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and cell death were studied by staining the cells with DCFDA, Rhodamine 123, and acridine orange/ethidium bromide, respectively. KEY FINDINGS NPN strongly inhibited the viability (IC50, 1.35 ± 0.2 μM) and clonogenicity (IC50, 0.56 ± 0.06 μM) of the TNBC cell line, MDA-MB-231, with robust G2/M arrest. In vitro, the drug bound to tubulin and disrupted the latter's structural integrity and promoted colchicine binding to tubulin. NPN triggered an unusual form of microtubule disruption in cells, repressed recovery of cold-depolymerized cellular microtubules and suppressed their dynamicity. These effects on microtubules were facilitated by elevated levels of ROS and loss of MMP. SIGNIFICANCE NPN can be explored further as a chemotherapeutic agent against TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayana Nambiar
- School of Biological Sciences, UM-DAE Centre for Excellence in Basic Sciences, University of Mumbai, Kalina, Mumbai 400098, India
| | - Praveen Kumar Reddy Nagireddy
- Fluoro & Agrochemicals Division (Organic Chemistry Division-II), CSIR- Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India
| | - Ravikumar Pedapati
- Fluoro & Agrochemicals Division (Organic Chemistry Division-II), CSIR- Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India
| | - Srinivas Kantevari
- Fluoro & Agrochemicals Division (Organic Chemistry Division-II), CSIR- Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India.
| | - Manu Lopus
- School of Biological Sciences, UM-DAE Centre for Excellence in Basic Sciences, University of Mumbai, Kalina, Mumbai 400098, India.
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Forkosh E, Kenig A, Ilan Y. Introducing variability in targeting the microtubules: Review of current mechanisms and future directions in colchicine therapy. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2020; 8:e00616. [PMID: 32608157 PMCID: PMC7327382 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Microtubules (MTs) are highly dynamic polymers that constitute the cellular cytoskeleton and play a role in multiple cellular functions. Variability characterizes biological systems and is considered a part of the normal function of cells and organs. Variability contributes to cell plasticity and is a mechanism for overcoming errors in cellular level assembly and function, and potentially the whole organ level. Dynamic instability is a feature of biological variability that characterizes the function of MTs. The dynamic behavior of MTs constitutes the basis for multiple biological processes that contribute to cellular plasticity and the timing of cell signaling. Colchicine is a MT-modifying drug that exerts anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer effects. This review discusses some of the functions of colchicine and presents a platform for introducing variability while targeting MTs in intestinal cells, the microbiome, the gut, and the systemic immune system. This platform can be used for implementing novel therapies, improving response to chronic MT-based therapies, overcoming drug resistance, exerting gut-based systemic immune responses, and generating patient-tailored dynamic therapeutic regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Forkosh
- Department of MedicineHebrew University‐Hadassah Medical CentreJerusalemIsrael
| | - Ariel Kenig
- Department of MedicineHebrew University‐Hadassah Medical CentreJerusalemIsrael
| | - Yaron Ilan
- Department of MedicineHebrew University‐Hadassah Medical CentreJerusalemIsrael
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Kim J, Cheong JH. Role of Mitochondria-Cytoskeleton Interactions in the Regulation of Mitochondrial Structure and Function in Cancer Stem Cells. Cells 2020; 9:cells9071691. [PMID: 32674438 PMCID: PMC7407978 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the promise of cancer medicine, major challenges currently confronting the treatment of cancer patients include chemoresistance and recurrence. The existence of subpopulations of cancer cells, known as cancer stem cells (CSCs), contributes to the failure of cancer therapies and is associated with poor clinical outcomes. Of note, one of the recently characterized features of CSCs is augmented mitochondrial function. The cytoskeleton network is essential in regulating mitochondrial morphology and rearrangement, which are inextricably linked to its functions, such as oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). The interaction between the cytoskeleton and mitochondria can enable CSCs to adapt to challenging conditions, such as a lack of energy sources, and to maintain their stemness. Cytoskeleton-mediated mitochondrial trafficking and relocating to the high energy requirement region are crucial steps in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). In addition, the cytoskeleton itself interplays with and blocks the voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC) to directly regulate bioenergetics. In this review, we describe the regulation of cellular bioenergetics in CSCs, focusing on the cytoskeleton-mediated dynamic control of mitochondrial structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungmin Kim
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea;
| | - Jae-Ho Cheong
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea;
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University Health System, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea
- Yonsei Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Systems Informatics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-2228-2094; Fax: +82-2-313-8289
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Gracheva IA, Shchegravina ES, Schmalz HG, Beletskaya IP, Fedorov AY. Colchicine Alkaloids and Synthetic Analogues: Current Progress and Perspectives. J Med Chem 2020; 63:10618-10651. [PMID: 32432867 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Colchicine, the main alkaloid of Colchicum autumnale, is one of the most famous natural molecules. Although colchicine belongs to the oldest drugs (in use since 1500 BC), its pharmacological potential as a lead structure is not yet fully exploited. This review is devoted to the synthesis and structure-activity relationships (SAR) of colchicine alkaloids and their analogues with modified A, B, and C rings, as well as hybrid compounds derived from colchicinoids including prodrugs, conjugates, and delivery systems. The systematization of a vast amount of information presented to date will create a paradigm for future studies of colchicinoids for neoplastic and various other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iuliia A Gracheva
- Department of Chemistry, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russian Federation
| | - Ekaterina S Shchegravina
- Department of Chemistry, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russian Federation
| | | | - Irina P Beletskaya
- Department of Chemistry, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russian Federation
| | - Alexey Yu Fedorov
- Department of Chemistry, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russian Federation
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56
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Reina S, Pittalà MGG, Guarino F, Messina A, De Pinto V, Foti S, Saletti R. Cysteine Oxidations in Mitochondrial Membrane Proteins: The Case of VDAC Isoforms in Mammals. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:397. [PMID: 32582695 PMCID: PMC7287182 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cysteine residues are reactive amino acids that can undergo several modifications driven by redox reagents. Mitochondria are the source of an abundant production of radical species, and it is surprising that such a large availability of highly reactive chemicals is compatible with viable and active organelles, needed for the cell functions. In this work, we review the results highlighting the modifications of cysteines in the most abundant proteins of the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM), that is, the voltage-dependent anion selective channel (VDAC) isoforms. This interesting protein family carries several cysteines exposed to the oxidative intermembrane space (IMS). Through mass spectrometry (MS) analysis, cysteine posttranslational modifications (PTMs) were precisely determined, and it was discovered that such cysteines can be subject to several oxidization degrees, ranging from the disulfide bridge to the most oxidized, the sulfonic acid, one. The large spectra of VDAC cysteine oxidations, which is unique for OMM proteins, indicate that they have both a regulative function and a buffering capacity able to counteract excess of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) load. The consequence of these peculiar cysteine PTMs is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Reina
- Section of Molecular Biology, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Maria Gaetana Giovanna Pittalà
- Section of Biology and Genetics, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Francesca Guarino
- Section of Biology and Genetics, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Angela Messina
- Section of Molecular Biology, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Vito De Pinto
- Section of Biology and Genetics, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Salvatore Foti
- Organic Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Rosaria Saletti
- Organic Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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Hoogerheide DP, Gurnev PA, Rostovtseva TK, Bezrukov SM. Effect of a post-translational modification mimic on protein translocation through a nanopore. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:11070-11078. [PMID: 32400834 PMCID: PMC7350168 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr01577f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Post-translational modifications (PTMs) of proteins are recognized as crucial components of cell signaling pathways through modulating folding, altering stability, changing interactions with ligands, and, therefore, serving multiple regulatory functions. PTMs occur as covalent modifications of the protein's amino acid side chains or the length and composition of their termini. Here we study the functional consequences of PTMs for α-synuclein (αSyn) interactions with the nanopore of the voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC) of the outer mitochondrial membrane. PTMs were mimicked by a divalent Alexa Fluor 488 sidechain attached separately at two positions on the αSyn C-terminus. Using single-channel reconstitution into planar lipid membranes, we find that such modifications change interactions drastically in both efficiency of VDAC inhibition by αSyn and its translocation through the VDAC nanopore. Analysis of the on/off kinetics in terms of an interaction "quasipotential" allows the positions of the C-terminal modifications to be determined with an accuracy of about three residues. Moreover, our results uncover a previously unobserved mechanism by which cytosolic proteins control β-barrel channels and thus a new regulatory function for PTMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- David P Hoogerheide
- Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA.
| | - Philip A Gurnev
- Section on Molecular Transport, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Tatiana K Rostovtseva
- Section on Molecular Transport, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sergey M Bezrukov
- Section on Molecular Transport, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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58
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Rostovtseva TK, Queralt-Martín M, Rosencrans WM, Bezrukov SM. Targeting the Multiple Physiologic Roles of VDAC With Steroids and Hydrophobic Drugs. Front Physiol 2020; 11:446. [PMID: 32457654 PMCID: PMC7221028 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
There is accumulating evidence that endogenous steroids and non-polar drugs are involved in the regulation of mitochondrial physiology. Many of these hydrophobic compounds interact with the Voltage Dependent Anion Channel (VDAC). This major metabolite channel in the mitochondrial outer membrane (MOM) regulates the exchange of ions and water-soluble metabolites, such as ATP and ADP, across the MOM, thus governing mitochondrial respiration. Proteomics and biochemical approaches together with molecular dynamics simulations have identified an impressively large number of non-polar compounds, including endogenous, able to bind to VDAC. These findings have sparked speculation that both natural steroids and synthetic hydrophobic drugs regulate mitochondrial physiology by directly affecting VDAC ion channel properties and modulating its metabolite permeability. Here we evaluate recent studies investigating the effect of identified VDAC-binding natural steroids and non-polar drugs on VDAC channel functioning. We argue that while many compounds are found to bind to the VDAC protein, they do not necessarily affect its channel functions in vitro. However, they may modify other aspects of VDAC physiology such as interaction with its cytosolic partner proteins or complex formation with other mitochondrial membrane proteins, thus altering mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana K Rostovtseva
- Section on Molecular Transport, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - María Queralt-Martín
- Section on Molecular Transport, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - William M Rosencrans
- Section on Molecular Transport, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Sergey M Bezrukov
- Section on Molecular Transport, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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59
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Schofield Z, Meloni GN, Tran P, Zerfass C, Sena G, Hayashi Y, Grant M, Contera SA, Minteer SD, Kim M, Prindle A, Rocha P, Djamgoz MBA, Pilizota T, Unwin PR, Asally M, Soyer OS. Bioelectrical understanding and engineering of cell biology. J R Soc Interface 2020; 17:20200013. [PMID: 32429828 PMCID: PMC7276535 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2020.0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The last five decades of molecular and systems biology research have provided unprecedented insights into the molecular and genetic basis of many cellular processes. Despite these insights, however, it is arguable that there is still only limited predictive understanding of cell behaviours. In particular, the basis of heterogeneity in single-cell behaviour and the initiation of many different metabolic, transcriptional or mechanical responses to environmental stimuli remain largely unexplained. To go beyond the status quo, the understanding of cell behaviours emerging from molecular genetics must be complemented with physical and physiological ones, focusing on the intracellular and extracellular conditions within and around cells. Here, we argue that such a combination of genetics, physics and physiology can be grounded on a bioelectrical conceptualization of cells. We motivate the reasoning behind such a proposal and describe examples where a bioelectrical view has been shown to, or can, provide predictive biological understanding. In addition, we discuss how this view opens up novel ways to control cell behaviours by electrical and electrochemical means, setting the stage for the emergence of bioelectrical engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe Schofield
- Bio-Electrical Engineering Innovation Hub, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Gabriel N. Meloni
- Bio-Electrical Engineering Innovation Hub, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Peter Tran
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Christian Zerfass
- Bio-Electrical Engineering Innovation Hub, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Giovanni Sena
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Yoshikatsu Hayashi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AH, UK
| | - Murray Grant
- Bio-Electrical Engineering Innovation Hub, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Sonia A. Contera
- Clarendon Laboratory, Physics Department, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, UK
| | - Shelley D. Minteer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 S 1400 E, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
| | - Minsu Kim
- Department of Physics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Arthur Prindle
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Paulo Rocha
- Centre for Biosensors, Bioelectronics and Biodevices (C3Bio), Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Mustafa B. A. Djamgoz
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Teuta Pilizota
- Systems and Synthetic Biology Centre and School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Alexander Crum Brown Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FF, UK
| | - Patrick R. Unwin
- Bio-Electrical Engineering Innovation Hub, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Munehiro Asally
- Bio-Electrical Engineering Innovation Hub, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Orkun S. Soyer
- Bio-Electrical Engineering Innovation Hub, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
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Rebane-Klemm E, Truu L, Reinsalu L, Puurand M, Shevchuk I, Chekulayev V, Timohhina N, Tepp K, Bogovskaja J, Afanasjev V, Suurmaa K, Valvere V, Kaambre T. Mitochondrial Respiration in KRAS and BRAF Mutated Colorectal Tumors and Polyps. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12040815. [PMID: 32231083 PMCID: PMC7226330 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12040815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to characterize the ATP-synthesis by oxidative phosphorylation in colorectal cancer (CRC) and premalignant colon polyps in relation to molecular biomarkers KRAS and BRAF. This prospective study included 48 patients. Resected colorectal polyps and postoperative CRC tissue with adjacent normal tissue (control) were collected. Patients with polyps and CRC were divided into three molecular groups: KRAS mutated, BRAF mutated and KRAS/BRAF wild-type. Mitochondrial respiration in permeabilized tissue samples was observed using high resolution respirometry. ADP-activated respiration rate (Vmax) and an apparent affinity of mitochondria to ADP, which is related to mitochondrial outer membrane (MOM) permeability, were determined. Clear differences were present between molecular groups. KRAS mutated CRC group had lower Vmax values compared to wild-type; however, the Vmax value was higher than in the control group, while MOM permeability did not change. This suggests that KRAS mutation status might be involved in acquiring oxidative phenotype. KRAS mutated polyps had higher Vmax values and elevated MOM permeability as compared to the control. BRAF mutated CRC and polyps had reduced respiration and altered MOM permeability, indicating a glycolytic phenotype. To conclude, prognostic biomarkers KRAS and BRAF are likely related to the metabolic phenotype in CRC and polyps. Assessment of the tumor mitochondrial ATP synthesis could be a potential component of patient risk stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Egle Rebane-Klemm
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia; (L.T.); (L.R.); (M.P.); (I.S.); (V.C.); (N.T.); (K.T.); (T.K.)
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Science, Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate tee 5, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
- Correspondence:
| | - Laura Truu
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia; (L.T.); (L.R.); (M.P.); (I.S.); (V.C.); (N.T.); (K.T.); (T.K.)
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Science, Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate tee 5, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Leenu Reinsalu
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia; (L.T.); (L.R.); (M.P.); (I.S.); (V.C.); (N.T.); (K.T.); (T.K.)
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Science, Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate tee 5, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Marju Puurand
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia; (L.T.); (L.R.); (M.P.); (I.S.); (V.C.); (N.T.); (K.T.); (T.K.)
| | - Igor Shevchuk
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia; (L.T.); (L.R.); (M.P.); (I.S.); (V.C.); (N.T.); (K.T.); (T.K.)
| | - Vladimir Chekulayev
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia; (L.T.); (L.R.); (M.P.); (I.S.); (V.C.); (N.T.); (K.T.); (T.K.)
| | - Natalja Timohhina
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia; (L.T.); (L.R.); (M.P.); (I.S.); (V.C.); (N.T.); (K.T.); (T.K.)
| | - Kersti Tepp
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia; (L.T.); (L.R.); (M.P.); (I.S.); (V.C.); (N.T.); (K.T.); (T.K.)
| | - Jelena Bogovskaja
- Clinic of Diagnostics at the North Estonia Medical Centre, J. Sütiste tee 19, 13419 Tallinn, Estonia;
| | - Vladimir Afanasjev
- Clinic of Surgery at the North Estonia Medical Centre, J. Sütiste tee 19, 13419 Tallinn, Estonia;
| | - Külliki Suurmaa
- Department of Gastroenterology, the West Tallinn Central Hospital, Paldiski mnt 68, 10617 Tallinn, Estonia;
| | - Vahur Valvere
- Oncology and Haematology Clinic at the North Estonia Medical Centre, J. Sütiste tee 19, 13419 Tallinn, Estonia;
| | - Tuuli Kaambre
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia; (L.T.); (L.R.); (M.P.); (I.S.); (V.C.); (N.T.); (K.T.); (T.K.)
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Ong MS, Deng S, Halim CE, Cai W, Tan TZ, Huang RYJ, Sethi G, Hooi SC, Kumar AP, Yap CT. Cytoskeletal Proteins in Cancer and Intracellular Stress: A Therapeutic Perspective. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12010238. [PMID: 31963677 PMCID: PMC7017214 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12010238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytoskeletal proteins, which consist of different sub-families of proteins including microtubules, actin and intermediate filaments, are essential for survival and cellular processes in both normal as well as cancer cells. However, in cancer cells, these mechanisms can be altered to promote tumour development and progression, whereby the functions of cytoskeletal proteins are co-opted to facilitate increased migrative and invasive capabilities, proliferation, as well as resistance to cellular and environmental stresses. Herein, we discuss the cytoskeletal responses to important intracellular stresses (such as mitochondrial, endoplasmic reticulum and oxidative stresses), and delineate the consequences of these responses, including effects on oncogenic signalling. In addition, we elaborate how the cytoskeleton and its associated molecules present themselves as therapeutic targets. The potential and limitations of targeting new classes of cytoskeletal proteins are also explored, in the context of developing novel strategies that impact cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Shan Ong
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore; (M.S.O.); (S.D.); (C.E.H.)
| | - Shuo Deng
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore; (M.S.O.); (S.D.); (C.E.H.)
| | - Clarissa Esmeralda Halim
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore; (M.S.O.); (S.D.); (C.E.H.)
| | - Wanpei Cai
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore (T.Z.T.); (R.Y.-J.H.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore;
| | - Tuan Zea Tan
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore (T.Z.T.); (R.Y.-J.H.)
| | - Ruby Yun-Ju Huang
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore (T.Z.T.); (R.Y.-J.H.)
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1 Ren Ai Road Sec. 1, Taipei City 10617, Taiwan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore 119074, Singapore
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore;
- Medical Science Cluster, Cancer Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
- National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore 119074, Singapore
| | - Shing Chuan Hooi
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore; (M.S.O.); (S.D.); (C.E.H.)
- Medical Science Cluster, Cancer Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
- Correspondence: (S.C.H.); (A.P.K.); (C.T.Y.); Tel.: +65-6516-3294 (S.C.H. & C.T.Y.); +65-6873-5456 (A.P.K.); Fax: +65-6778-8161 (S.C.H. & C.T.Y.); +65-6873-9664 (A.P.K.)
| | - Alan Prem Kumar
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore (T.Z.T.); (R.Y.-J.H.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore;
- Medical Science Cluster, Cancer Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
- National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore 119074, Singapore
- Correspondence: (S.C.H.); (A.P.K.); (C.T.Y.); Tel.: +65-6516-3294 (S.C.H. & C.T.Y.); +65-6873-5456 (A.P.K.); Fax: +65-6778-8161 (S.C.H. & C.T.Y.); +65-6873-9664 (A.P.K.)
| | - Celestial T. Yap
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore; (M.S.O.); (S.D.); (C.E.H.)
- Medical Science Cluster, Cancer Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
- National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore 119074, Singapore
- Correspondence: (S.C.H.); (A.P.K.); (C.T.Y.); Tel.: +65-6516-3294 (S.C.H. & C.T.Y.); +65-6873-5456 (A.P.K.); Fax: +65-6778-8161 (S.C.H. & C.T.Y.); +65-6873-9664 (A.P.K.)
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62
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Colchicine-Binding Site Inhibitors from Chemistry to Clinic: A Review. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:ph13010008. [PMID: 31947889 PMCID: PMC7168938 DOI: 10.3390/ph13010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
It is over 50 years since the discovery of microtubules, and they have become one of the most important drug targets for anti-cancer therapies. Microtubules are predominantly composed of the protein tubulin, which contains a number of different binding sites for small-molecule drugs. There is continued interest in drug development for compounds targeting the colchicine-binding site of tubulin, termed colchicine-binding site inhibitors (CBSIs). This review highlights CBSIs discovered through diverse sources: from natural compounds, rational design, serendipitously and via high-throughput screening. We provide an update on CBSIs reported in the past three years and discuss the clinical status of CBSIs. It is likely that efforts will continue to develop CBSIs for a diverse set of cancers, and this review provides a timely update on recent developments.
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63
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Heslop KA, Rovini A, Hunt EG, Fang D, Morris ME, Christie CF, Gooz MB, DeHart DN, Dang Y, Lemasters JJ, Maldonado EN. JNK activation and translocation to mitochondria mediates mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death induced by VDAC opening and sorafenib in hepatocarcinoma cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 171:113728. [PMID: 31759978 PMCID: PMC7309270 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.113728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The multikinase inhibitor sorafenib, and opening of voltage dependent anion channels (VDAC) by the erastin-like compound X1 promotes oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in hepatocarcinoma cells. Here, we hypothesized that X1 and sorafenib induce mitochondrial dysfunction by increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and activating c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs), leading to translocation of activated JNK to mitochondria. Both X1 and sorafenib increased production of ROS and activated JNK. X1 and sorafenib caused a drop in mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨ), a readout of mitochondrial metabolism, after 60 min. Mitochondrial depolarization after X1 and sorafenib occurred in parallel with JNK activation, increased superoxide (O2•-) production, decreased basal and oligomycin sensitive respiration, and decreased maximal respiratory capacity. Increased production of O2•- after X1 or sorafenib was abrogated by JNK inhibition and antioxidants. S3QEL 2, a specific inhibitor of site IIIQo, at Complex III, prevented depolarization induced by X1. JNK inhibition by JNK inhibitors VIII and SP600125 also prevented mitochondrial depolarization. After X1, activated JNK translocated to mitochondria as assessed by proximity ligation assays. Tat-Sab KIM1, a peptide selectively preventing the binding of JNK to the outer mitochondrial membrane protein Sab, blocked the depolarization induced by X1 and sorafenib. X1 promoted cell death mostly by necroptosis that was partially prevented by JNK inhibition. These results indicate that JNK activation and translocation to mitochondria is a common mechanism of mitochondrial dysfunction induced by both VDAC opening and sorafenib.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Heslop
- Department of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - A Rovini
- Department of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - E G Hunt
- Department of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - D Fang
- Department of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - M E Morris
- Department of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - C F Christie
- Department of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - M B Gooz
- Department of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - D N DeHart
- Department of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Y Dang
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - J J Lemasters
- Department of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States; Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States; Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - E N Maldonado
- Department of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States; Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States.
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64
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Chen Y, Xu LQ, Lin MJ, Zhang W, Zhang ZJ, Xu WC, Yang LJ, Wei CJ. An improved cellular enucleation method with extracellular matrix and colchicine facilitates the study of nucleocytoplasmic interaction. Eur J Cell Biol 2019; 98:151045. [PMID: 31563281 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2019.151045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Enucleated mammalian cells (cytoplasts) have been widely used for studying differential roles of the cytoplasm and nucleus in various cellular processes. Here, we reported an improved enucleation protocol, in which cells were seeded in extracellular matrix (ECM)-coated 24-wells and spun at 4600 g and 35 °C for 60 min in the presence of cytochalasin B and colchicine. When glass-bottom wells were used, cellular structures and organelles in cytoplasts could be examined directly by confocal microscopy. Nuclear envelope rupture did not occur probably due to mild centrifugation conditions used in this study. Addition of paclitaxel or doxorubicin completely blocked proliferation of residual nucleated cells; however, to our surprise, paclitaxel dramatically prolonged the survival of cytoplasts. Results from Annexin V and Propidium Iodide staining showed that cytoplasts died predominantly by apoptosis, which was partially inhibited by ECM and further by paclitaxel. Mitochondria were mostly rod-shaped and formed a connected network in paclitaxel-treated cytoplasts, indicating lack of fusion and fission dynamics. Moreover, paclitaxel increased mitochondrial membrane potential, suggesting that perturbation of mitochondria might be critical to the survival of cytoplasts. In conclusion, we had established an efficient and fast procedure for enucleation of adherent animal cells, which could facilitate the investigation of nucleocytoplasmic interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chen
- Multidisciplinary Research Center, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China
| | - Li-Qun Xu
- Multidisciplinary Research Center, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China
| | - Mei-Jia Lin
- Multidisciplinary Research Center, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Multidisciplinary Research Center, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China
| | - Zhong-Jian Zhang
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453000, China.
| | - Wen-Can Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
| | - Lv-Jun Yang
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
| | - Chi-Ju Wei
- Multidisciplinary Research Center, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China.
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65
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Chavez JD, Keller A, Zhou B, Tian R, Bruce JE. Cellular Interactome Dynamics during Paclitaxel Treatment. Cell Rep 2019; 29:2371-2383.e5. [PMID: 31747606 PMCID: PMC6910234 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.10.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-cycle inhibitors, including paclitaxel, are among the most widely used and effective cancer therapies. However, several challenges limit the success of paclitaxel, including drug resistance and toxic side effects. Paclitaxel is thought to act primarily by stabilizing microtubules, locking cells in a mitotic state. However, the resulting cytotoxicity and tumor shrinkage rates observed cannot be fully explained by this mechanism alone. Here we apply quantitative chemical cross-linking with mass spectrometry analysis to paclitaxel-treated cells. Our results provide large-scale measurements of relative protein levels and, perhaps more importantly, changes to protein conformations and interactions that occur upon paclitaxel treatment. Drug concentration-dependent changes are revealed in known drug targets including tubulins, as well as many other proteins and protein complexes involved in apoptotic signaling and cellular homeostasis. As such, this study provides insight into systems-level changes to protein structures and interactions that occur with paclitaxel treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan D Chavez
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Andrew Keller
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Bo Zhou
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA; Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Rong Tian
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA; Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - James E Bruce
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA.
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66
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Chang P, Tian Y, Williams AM, Bhatti UF, Liu B, Li Y, Alam HB. Inhibition of Histone Deacetylase 6 Protects Hippocampal Cells Against Mitochondria-mediated Apoptosis in a Model of Severe Oxygen-glucose Deprivation. Curr Mol Med 2019; 19:673-682. [DOI: 10.2174/1566524019666190724102755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Histone deacetylase (HDAC) 6 inhibitors have demonstrated
significant protective effects in traumatic injuries. However, their roles in neuroprotection
and underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. This study sought to investigate the
neuroprotective effects of Tubastatin A (Tub-A), an HDAC6 inhibitor, during oxygenglucose
deprivation (OGD) in HT22 hippocampal cells.
Methods:
HT22 hippocampal cells were exposed to OGD. Cell viability and cytotoxicity
were assessed by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release
assay. Cellular apoptosis was assessed by Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP
nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay. Mitochondria membrane potential was detected using
JC-1 dye. Expressions of acetylated α-tubulin, α-tubulin, cytochrome c, VDAC, Bax, Bcl-
2, cleaved caspase 3, phosphorylated Akt, Akt, phosphorylated GSK3β and GSK3β
were analyzed by Western blot analysis.
Results:
Tub-A induced acetylation of α-tubulin, demonstrating appropriate efficacy.
Tub-A significantly increased cell viability and attenuated LDH release after exposure to
OGD. Furthermore, Tub-A treatment blunted the increase in TUNEL-positive cells
following OGD and preserved the mitochondrial membrane potential. Tub-A also
attenuated the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria into the cytoplasm and
suppressed the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 and cleaved caspase 3. This was mediated, in part, by
the increased phosphorylation of Akt and GSK3β signaling pathways.
Conclusion:
HDAC 6 inhibition, using Tub-A, protects against OGD-induced injury in
HT22 cells by modulating Akt/GSK3β signaling and inhibiting mitochondria-mediated
apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Chang
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Yuzi Tian
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Aaron M. Williams
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Umar F. Bhatti
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Baoling Liu
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Yongqing Li
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Hasan B. Alam
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
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Kumari A, Srivastava S, Manne RK, Sisodiya S, Santra MK, Guchhait SK, Panda D. C12, a combretastatin-A4 analog, exerts anticancer activity by targeting microtubules. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 170:113663. [PMID: 31606408 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.113663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Combretastatin A4 and its analogs are undergoing various clinical trials for the treatment of different cancers. This study illustrated the molecular mechanism and antitumor activity of C12, (5-Quinolin-3-yl and 4-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl) substituted imidazol-2-amine), a synthetic analog of CA-4. C12 reduced the tumor volume of MCF-7 xenograft in NOD-SCID mice without affecting the bodyweight of the mice. Further, C12 inhibited the proliferation of several types of cancer cells more efficiently than their noncancerous counterparts. Using GFP-EB1 imaging, the effects of C12 on the interphase microtubule dynamics were determined in live HeLa cells. C12 (10 nM, half-maximal proliferation inhibitory concentration) reduced the growth rate of microtubules by 52% and increased the pause time of microtubules by 68%. In addition, fluorescence recovery after photobleaching analysis demonstrated that 10 nM C12 strongly suppressed spindle microtubule dynamics in HeLa cells. C12 treatment reduced the interpolar distance between the two spindle poles, increased the chromosome congression index, inhibited chromosome movement, and increased the level of mitotic checkpoint complex proteins BubR1 and Mad2. The evidence presented here indicated that C12 could induce different modes of cell death, depending on the extent of microtubule depolymerization. Since C12 targets both the mitotic and non-mitotic cells and showed a stronger activity against cancerous cells than non-cancerous cells, it may have an advantage in cancer chemotherapy. The results significantly enhance our understanding of the antitumor mechanism of the microtubule-depolymerizing agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuradha Kumari
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Shalini Srivastava
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Rajesh K Manne
- National Centre for Cell Science, University of Pune Campus, Pune, Maharashtra 411007, India
| | - Shailendra Sisodiya
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S. A. S. Nagar, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Manas K Santra
- National Centre for Cell Science, University of Pune Campus, Pune, Maharashtra 411007, India.
| | - Sankar K Guchhait
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S. A. S. Nagar, Punjab 160062, India.
| | - Dulal Panda
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India.
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68
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Christie CF, Fang D, Hunt EG, Morris ME, Rovini A, Heslop KA, Beeson GC, Beeson CC, Maldonado EN. Statin-dependent modulation of mitochondrial metabolism in cancer cells is independent of cholesterol content. FASEB J 2019; 33:8186-8201. [PMID: 30951369 PMCID: PMC6593894 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201802723r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Statins, widely used to treat hypercholesterolemia, inhibit the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase, the rate-limiting enzyme of de novo cholesterol (Chol) synthesis. Statins have been also reported to slow tumor progression. In cancer cells, ATP is generated both by glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation. Mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨ), a readout of mitochondrial metabolism, is sustained by the oxidation of respiratory substrates in the Krebs cycle to generate NADH and flavin adenine dinucleotide, which are further oxidized by the respiratory chain. Here, we studied the short-term effects of statins (3-24 h) on mitochondrial metabolism on cancer cells. Lovastatin (LOV) and simvastatin (SIM) increased ΔΨ in HepG2 and Huh7 human hepatocarcinoma cells and HCC4006 human lung adenocarcinoma cells. Mitochondrial hyperpolarization after LOV and SIM was dose and time dependent. Maximal increase in ΔΨ occurred at 10 µM and 24 h for both statins. The structurally unrelated atorvastatin also hyperpolarized mitochondria in HepG2 cells. Cellular and mitochondrial Chol remained unchanged after SIM. Both LOV and SIM decreased basal respiration, ATP-linked respiration, and ATP production. LOV and SIM did not change the rate of lactic acid production. In summary, statins modulate mitochondrial metabolism in cancer cells independently of the Chol content in cellular membranes without affecting glycolysis.-Christie, C. F., Fang, D., Hunt, E. G., Morris, M. E., Rovini, A., Heslop, K. A., Beeson, G. C., Beeson, C. C., Maldonado, E. N. Statin-dependent modulation of mitochondrial metabolism in cancer cells is independent of cholesterol content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charleston F. Christie
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Diana Fang
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Elizabeth G. Hunt
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Morgan E. Morris
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Amandine Rovini
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Kareem A. Heslop
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Gyda C. Beeson
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Craig C. Beeson
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Eduardo N. Maldonado
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
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Fox JC, Evans AT, Blomfield MP, Livingstone SK, Tenney SR, Webster JB, Perry K, Hill JT, Bikman BT, Hansen MD. Resistance mechanisms and cross-resistance for a pyridine-pyrimidine amide inhibitor of microtubule polymerization. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 29:1647-1653. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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In Search of Panacea-Review of Recent Studies Concerning Nature-Derived Anticancer Agents. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11061426. [PMID: 31242602 PMCID: PMC6627480 DOI: 10.3390/nu11061426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancers are one of the leading causes of deaths affecting millions of people around the world, therefore they are currently a major public health problem. The treatment of cancer is based on surgical resection, radiotherapy, chemotherapy or immunotherapy, much of which is often insufficient and cause serious, burdensome and undesirable side effects. For many years, assorted secondary metabolites derived from plants have been used as antitumor agents. Recently, researchers have discovered a large number of new natural substances which can effectively interfere with cancer cells’ metabolism. The most famous groups of these compounds are topoisomerase and mitotic inhibitors. The aim of the latest research is to characterize natural compounds found in many common foods, especially by means of their abilities to regulate cell cycle, growth and differentiation, as well as epigenetic modulation. In this paper, we focus on a review of recent discoveries regarding nature-derived anticancer agents.
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71
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Rovini A. Tubulin-VDAC Interaction: Molecular Basis for Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy. Front Physiol 2019; 10:671. [PMID: 31214047 PMCID: PMC6554597 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tubulin is a well-established target of microtubule-targeting agents (MTAs), a widely used class of chemotherapeutic drugs. Yet, aside from their powerful anti-cancer efficiency, MTAs induce a dose-limiting and debilitating peripheral neurotoxicity. Despite intensive efforts in the development of neuroprotective agents, there are currently no approved therapies to effectively manage chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN). Over the last decade, attempts to unravel the pathomechanisms underlying the development of CIPN led to the observation that mitochondrial dysfunctions stand as a common feature associated with axonal degeneration. Concomitantly, mitochondria emerged as crucial players in the anti-cancer efficiency of MTAs. The findings that free dimeric tubulin could be associated with mitochondrial membranes and interact directly with the voltage-dependent anion channels (VDACs) located in the mitochondrial outer membrane strongly suggested the existence of an interplay between both subcellular compartments. The biological relevance of the interaction between tubulin and VDAC came from subsequent in vitro studies, which found dimeric tubulin to be a potent modulator of VDAC and ultimately of mitochondrial membrane permeability to respiratory substrates. Therefore, one of the hypothetic mechanisms of CIPN implies that MTAs, by binding directly to the tubulin associated with VDAC, interferes with mitochondrial function in the peripheral nervous system. We review here the foundations of this hypothesis and discuss them in light of the current knowledge. A focus is set on the molecular mechanisms behind MTA interference with dimeric tubulin and VDAC interaction, the potential relevance of tubulin isotypes and availability as a free dimer in the specific context of MTA-induced CIPN. We further highlight the emerging interest for VDAC and its interacting partners as a promising therapeutic target in neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandine Rovini
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
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Puurand M, Tepp K, Timohhina N, Aid J, Shevchuk I, Chekulayev V, Kaambre T. Tubulin βII and βIII Isoforms as the Regulators of VDAC Channel Permeability in Health and Disease. Cells 2019; 8:cells8030239. [PMID: 30871176 PMCID: PMC6468622 DOI: 10.3390/cells8030239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, there have been several models describing the relationships between the cytoskeleton and the bioenergetic function of the cell. The main player in these models is the voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC), located in the mitochondrial outer membrane. Most metabolites including respiratory substrates, ADP, and Pi enter mitochondria only through VDAC. At the same time, high-energy phosphates are channeled out and directed to cellular energy transfer networks. Regulation of these energy fluxes is controlled by β-tubulin, bound to VDAC. It is also thought that β-tubulin‒VDAC interaction modulates cellular energy metabolism in cancer, e.g., switching from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis. In this review we focus on the described roles of unpolymerized αβ-tubulin heterodimers in regulating VDAC permeability for adenine nucleotides and cellular bioenergetics. We introduce the Mitochondrial Interactosome model and the function of the βII-tubulin subunit in this model in muscle cells and brain synaptosomes, and also consider the role of βIII-tubulin in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marju Puurand
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia.
| | - Kersti Tepp
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia.
| | - Natalja Timohhina
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia.
| | - Jekaterina Aid
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia.
| | - Igor Shevchuk
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia.
| | - Vladimir Chekulayev
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia.
| | - Tuuli Kaambre
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia.
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Liao M, Liao W, Xu N, Li B, Liu F, Zhang S, Wang Y, Wang S, Zhu Y, Chen D, Xie W, Jiang Y, Cao L, Yang BB, Zhang Y. LncRNA EPB41L4A-AS1 regulates glycolysis and glutaminolysis by mediating nucleolar translocation of HDAC2. EBioMedicine 2019; 41:200-213. [PMID: 30796006 PMCID: PMC6444057 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND LncRNAs have been found to be involved in various aspects of biological processes. In this study, we aimed to uncover the molecular mechanisms of lncRNA EPB41L4A-AS1 in regulating glycolysis and glutaminolysis in cancer cells. METHODS The expression of EPB41L4A-AS1 in cancer patients was analyzed in TCGA and GEO datasets. The level of cellular metabolism was determined by extracellular flux analyzer. The relationship between p53 and EPB41L4A-AS1 was explored by qRT-PCR, luciferase assay and ChIP assay. The interactions between EPB41L4A-AS1 and HDAC2 or NPM1 were determined by RNA immunoprecipitation, RNA pull-down assay and RNA-FISH- immunofluorescence. FINDINGS EPB41L4A-AS1 was a p53-regulated gene. Low expression and deletion of lncRNA EPB41L4A-AS1 were found in a variety of human cancers and associated with poor prognosis of cancer patients. Knock down EPB41L4A-AS1 expression triggered Warburg effect, demonstrated as increased aerobic glycolysis and glutaminolysis. EPB41L4A-AS1 interacted and colocalized with HDAC2 and NPM1 in nucleolus. Silencing EPB41L4A-AS1 reduced the interaction between HDAC2 and NPM1, released HDAC2 from nucleolus and increased its distribution in nucleoplasm, enhanced HDAC2 occupation on VHL and VDAC1 promoter regions, and finally accelerated glycolysis and glutaminolysis. Depletion of EPB41L4A-AS1 increased the sensitivity of tumor to glutaminase inhibitor in tumor therapy. INTERPRETATION EPB41L4A-AS1 functions as a repressor of the Warburg effect and plays important roles in metabolic reprogramming of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meijian Liao
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China; Key Lab in Healthy Science and Technology, Division of Life Science, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Weijie Liao
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China; Key Lab in Healthy Science and Technology, Division of Life Science, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Naihan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, PR China; Key Lab in Healthy Science and Technology, Division of Life Science, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China; Open FIESTA Center, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Bing Li
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China; Key Lab in Healthy Science and Technology, Division of Life Science, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Fuhai Liu
- Key Lab in Healthy Science and Technology, Division of Life Science, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China; Open FIESTA Center, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Shikuan Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China; Key Lab in Healthy Science and Technology, Division of Life Science, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Yanzhi Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China; Key Lab in Healthy Science and Technology, Division of Life Science, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Songmao Wang
- Key Lab in Healthy Science and Technology, Division of Life Science, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Yuanchang Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China; Key Lab in Healthy Science and Technology, Division of Life Science, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Deheng Chen
- Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Weidong Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, PR China; Key Lab in Healthy Science and Technology, Division of Life Science, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China; Open FIESTA Center, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Yuyang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Liu Cao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, China Medical University, Shenyang 110013, PR China.
| | - Burton B Yang
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Yaou Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, PR China; Key Lab in Healthy Science and Technology, Division of Life Science, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China; Open FIESTA Center, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China.
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Liu Z, Nie J, Miao B, Li J, Cui Y, Wang S, Zhang X, Zhao G, Deng Y, Wu Y, Li Z, Li L, Wang ZL. Self-Powered Intracellular Drug Delivery by a Biomechanical Energy-Driven Triboelectric Nanogenerator. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1807795. [PMID: 30721538 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201807795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Nondestructive, high-efficiency, and on-demand intracellular drug/biomacromolecule delivery for therapeutic purposes remains a great challenge. Herein, a biomechanical-energy-powered triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG)-driven electroporation system is developed for intracellular drug delivery with high efficiency and minimal cell damage in vitro and in vivo. In the integrated system, a self-powered TENG as a stable voltage pulse source triggers the increase of plasma membrane potential and membrane permeability. Cooperatively, the silicon nanoneedle-array electrode minimizes cellular damage during electroporation via enhancing the localized electrical field at the nanoneedle-cell interface and also decreases plasma membrane fluidity for the enhancement of molecular influx. The integrated system achieves efficient delivery of exogenous materials (small molecules, macromolecules, and siRNA) into different types of cells, including hard-to-transfect primary cells, with delivery efficiency up to 90% and cell viability over 94%. Through simple finger friction or hand slapping of the wearable TENGs, it successfully realizes a transdermal biomolecule delivery with an over threefold depth enhancement in mice. This integrated and self-powered system for active electroporation drug delivery shows great prospect for self-tuning drug delivery and wearable medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhirong Liu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jinhui Nie
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Bin Miao
- i-Lab, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215125, P. R. China
| | - Jiadong Li
- i-Lab, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215125, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics, Changchun Institute of Optics Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130033, P. R. China
| | - Yuanbo Cui
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Shu Wang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Xiaodi Zhang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Gengrui Zhao
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Yongbo Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics, Changchun Institute of Optics Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130033, P. R. China
| | - Yihui Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics, Changchun Institute of Optics Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130033, P. R. China
| | - Zhou Li
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
- Center of Nanoenergy Research, School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, P. R. China
| | - Linlin Li
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
- Center of Nanoenergy Research, School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, P. R. China
| | - Zhong Lin Wang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
- Center of Nanoenergy Research, School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0245, USA
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Mado K, Chekulayev V, Shevchuk I, Puurand M, Tepp K, Kaambre T. On the role of tubulin, plectin, desmin, and vimentin in the regulation of mitochondrial energy fluxes in muscle cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2019; 316:C657-C667. [PMID: 30811221 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00303.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria perform a central role in life and death of the eukaryotic cell. They are major players in the generation of macroergic compounds and function as integrated signaling pathways, including the regulation of Ca2+ signals and apoptosis. A growing amount of evidence is demonstrating that mitochondria of muscle cells use cytoskeletal proteins (both microtubules and intermediate filaments) not only for their movement and proper cellular positioning, but also to maintain their biogenesis, morphology, function, and regulation of energy fluxes through the outer mitochondrial membrane (MOM). Here we consider the known literature data concerning the role of tubulin, plectin, desmin and vimentin in bioenergetic function of mitochondria in striated muscle cells, as well as in controlling the permeability of MOM for adenine nucleotides (ADNs). This is of great interest since dysfunctionality of these cytoskeletal proteins has been shown to result in severe myopathy associated with pronounced mitochondrial dysfunction. Further efforts are needed to uncover the pathways by which the cytoskeleton supports the functional capacity of mitochondria and transport of ADN(s) across the MOM (through voltage-dependent anion channel).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kati Mado
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics , Tallinn , Estonia
| | - Vladimir Chekulayev
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics , Tallinn , Estonia
| | - Igor Shevchuk
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics , Tallinn , Estonia
| | - Marju Puurand
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics , Tallinn , Estonia
| | - Kersti Tepp
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics , Tallinn , Estonia
| | - Tuuli Kaambre
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics , Tallinn , Estonia
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76
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Docosahexaenoic acid protection in a rotenone induced Parkinson's model: Prevention of tubulin and synaptophysin loss, but no association with mitochondrial function. Neurochem Int 2018; 121:26-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2018.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Lichota A, Gwozdzinski K. Anticancer Activity of Natural Compounds from Plant and Marine Environment. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E3533. [PMID: 30423952 PMCID: PMC6275022 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper describes the substances of plant and marine origin that have anticancer properties. The chemical structure of the molecules of these substances, their properties, mechanisms of action, their structure⁻activity relationships, along with their anticancer properties and their potential as chemotherapeutic drugs are discussed in this paper. This paper presents natural substances from plants, animals, and their aquatic environments. These substances include the vinca alkaloids, mistletoe plant extracts, podophyllotoxin derivatives, taxanes, camptothecin, combretastatin, and others including geniposide, colchicine, artesunate, homoharringtonine, salvicine, ellipticine, roscovitine, maytanasin, tapsigargin, and bruceantin. Compounds (psammaplin, didemnin, dolastin, ecteinascidin, and halichondrin) isolated from the marine plants and animals such as microalgae, cyanobacteria, heterotrophic bacteria, invertebrates (e.g., sponges, tunicates, and soft corals) as well as certain other substances that have been tested on cells and experimental animals and used in human chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lichota
- Department of Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-136 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Krzysztof Gwozdzinski
- Department of Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-136 Lodz, Poland.
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78
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Zhong Z, Lemasters JJ. A Unifying Hypothesis Linking Hepatic Adaptations for Ethanol Metabolism to the Proinflammatory and Profibrotic Events of Alcoholic Liver Disease. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2018; 42:2072-2089. [PMID: 30132924 PMCID: PMC6214771 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease (ALD) remains poorly understood but is likely a multihit pathophysiological process. Here, we propose a hypothesis of how early mitochondrial adaptations for alcohol metabolism lead to ALD pathogenesis. Acutely, ethanol (EtOH) feeding causes a near doubling of hepatic EtOH metabolism and oxygen consumption within 2 to 3 hours. This swift increase in alcohol metabolism (SIAM) is an adaptive response to hasten metabolic elimination of both EtOH and its more toxic metabolite, acetaldehyde (AcAld). In association with SIAM, EtOH causes widespread hepatic mitochondrial depolarization (mtDepo), which stimulates oxygen consumption. In parallel, voltage-dependent anion channels (VDAC) in the mitochondrial outer membrane close. Together, VDAC closure and respiratory stimulation promote selective and more rapid oxidation of EtOH first to AcAld in the cytosol and then to nontoxic acetate in mitochondria, since membrane-permeant AcAld does not require VDAC to enter mitochondria. VDAC closure also inhibits mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation and ATP release, promoting steatosis and a decrease in cytosolic ATP. After acute EtOH, these changes revert as EtOH is eliminated with little hepatocellular cytolethality. mtDepo also stimulates mitochondrial autophagy (mitophagy). After chronic high EtOH exposure, the capacity to process depolarized mitochondria by mitophagy becomes compromised, leading to intra- and extracellular release of damaged mitochondria, mitophagosomes, and/or autolysosomes containing mitochondrial damage-associated molecular pattern (mtDAMP) molecules. mtDAMPs cause inflammasome activation and promote inflammatory and profibrogenic responses, causing hepatitis and fibrosis. We propose that persistence of mitochondrial responses to EtOH metabolism becomes a tipping point, which links initial adaptive EtOH metabolism to maladaptive changes initiating onset and progression of ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Zhong
- Department of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences and
| | - John J. Lemasters
- Department of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences and
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425
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Klepinin A, Ounpuu L, Mado K, Truu L, Chekulayev V, Puurand M, Shevchuk I, Tepp K, Planken A, Kaambre T. The complexity of mitochondrial outer membrane permeability and VDAC regulation by associated proteins. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2018; 50:339-354. [PMID: 29998379 PMCID: PMC6209068 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-018-9765-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that class II β-tubulin plays a key role in the regulation of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) in some highly differentiated cells, but its role in malignant cells has remained unclear. To clarify these aspects, we compared the bioenergetic properties of HL-1 murine sarcoma cells, murine neuroblastoma cells (uN2a) and retinoic acid - differentiated N2a cells (dN2a). We examined the expression and possible co-localization of mitochondrial voltage dependent anion channel (VDAC) with hexokinase-2 (HK-2) and βII-tubulin, the role of depolymerized βII-tubuline and the effect of both proteins in the regulation of mitochondrial outer membrane (MOM) permeability. Our data demonstrate that neuroblastoma and sarcoma cells are prone to aerobic glycolysis, which is partially mediated by the presence of VDAC bound HK-2. Microtubule destabilizing (colchicine) and stabilizing (taxol) agents do not affect the MOM permeability for ADP in N2a and HL-1 cells. The obtained results show that βII-tubulin does not regulate the MOM permeability for adenine nucleotides in these cells. HL-1 and NB cells display comparable rates of ADP-activated respiration. It was also found that differentiation enhances the involvement of OXPHOS in N2a cells due to the rise in their mitochondrial reserve capacity. Our data support the view that the alteration of mitochondrial affinity for ADNs is one of the characteristic features of cancer cells. It can be concluded that the binding sites for tubulin and hexokinase within the large intermembrane protein supercomplex Mitochondrial Interactosome, could be different between muscle and cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandr Klepinin
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Lyudmila Ounpuu
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Kati Mado
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Laura Truu
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Vladimir Chekulayev
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Marju Puurand
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Igor Shevchuk
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Kersti Tepp
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Anu Planken
- Oncology and Hematology Clinic at the North Estonia Medical Centre, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Tuuli Kaambre
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618, Tallinn, Estonia.
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Chen Y, Ouyang X, Hoque R, Garcia-Martinez I, Yousaf MN, Tonack S, Offermanns S, Dubuquoy L, Louvet A, Mathurin P, Massey V, Schnabl B, Bataller RA, Mehal WZ. β-Hydroxybutyrate protects from alcohol-induced liver injury via a Hcar2-cAMP dependent pathway. J Hepatol 2018; 69:687-696. [PMID: 29705237 PMCID: PMC6098974 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2018.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Sterile inflammation resulting in alcoholic hepatitis (AH) occurs unpredictably after many years of excess alcohol intake. The factors responsible for the development of AH are not known but mitochondrial damage with loss of mitochondrial function are common features. Hcar2 is a G-protein coupled receptor which is activated by β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB). We aimed to determine the relevance of the BHB-Hcar2 pathway in alcoholic liver disease. METHODS We tested if loss of BHB production can result in increased liver inflammation. We further tested if BHB supplementation is protective in AH through interaction with Hcar2, and analyzed the immune and cellular basis for protection. RESULTS Humans with AH have reduced hepatic BHB, and inhibition of BHB production in mice aggravated ethanol-induced AH, with higher plasma alanine aminotransferase levels, increased steatosis and greater neutrophil influx. Conversely supplementation of BHB had the opposite effects with reduced alanine aminotransferase levels, reduced steatosis and neutrophil influx. This therapeutic effect of BHB is dependent on the receptor Hcar2. BHB treatment increased liver Il10 transcripts, and promoted the M2 phenotype of intrahepatic macrophages. BHB also increased the transcriptional level of M2 related genes in vitro bone marrow derived macrophages. This skewing towards M2 related genes is dependent on lower mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψ) induced by BHB. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our data shows that BHB production during excess alcohol consumption has an anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective role through an Hcar2 dependent pathway. This introduces the concept of metabolite-based therapy for AH. LAY SUMMARY Alcoholic hepatitis is a life-threatening condition with no approved therapy that occurs unexpectedly in people who consume excess alcohol. The liver makes many metabolites, and we demonstrate that loss of one such metabolite β-hydroxybutyrate occurs in patients with alcoholic hepatitis. This loss can increase alcohol-induced liver injury, and β-hydroxybutyrate can protect from alcohol-induced liver injury via a receptor on liver macrophages. This opens the possibility of metabolite-based therapy for alcoholic hepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonglin Chen
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Xinshou Ouyang
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Rafaz Hoque
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Irma Garcia-Martinez
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Muhammad Nadeem Yousaf
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Sarah Tonack
- Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Pharmacology, Ludwigstr. 43, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany; Medical Faculty, J.W. Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Stefan Offermanns
- Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Pharmacology, Ludwigstr. 43, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany; Medical Faculty, J.W. Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | - Alexandre Louvet
- Service des Maladies de l'appareil digestif, Hôpital Huriez, Lille, France; Unité INSERM 995, Faculté de Médecine, Lille, France
| | - Philippe Mathurin
- Service des Maladies de l'appareil digestif, Hôpital Huriez, Lille, France; Unité INSERM 995, Faculté de Médecine, Lille, France
| | - Veronica Massey
- School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Bernd Schnabl
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ramon Alberola Bataller
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Wajahat Zafar Mehal
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; USA West Haven Veterans Medical Center, West Haven, CT 06516, USA.
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Barvitenko N, Lawen A, Aslam M, Pantaleo A, Saldanha C, Skverchinskaya E, Regolini M, Tuszynski JA. Integration of intracellular signaling: Biological analogues of wires, processors and memories organized by a centrosome 3D reference system. Biosystems 2018; 173:191-206. [PMID: 30142359 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystems.2018.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myriads of signaling pathways in a single cell function to achieve the highest spatio-temporal integration. Data are accumulating on the role of electromechanical soliton-like waves in signal transduction processes. Theoretical studies strongly suggest feasibility of both classical and quantum computing involving microtubules. AIM A theoretical study of the role of the complex composed of the plasma membrane and the microtubule-based cytoskeleton as a system that transmits, stores and processes information. METHODS Theoretical analysis presented here refers to (i) the Penrose-Hameroff theory of consciousness (Orchestrated Objective Reduction; Orch OR), (ii) the description of the centrosome as a reference system for construction of the 3D map of the cell proposed by Regolini, (iii) the Heimburg-Jackson model of the nerve pulse propagation along axons' lipid bilayer as soliton-like electro-mechanical waves. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION The ideas presented in this paper provide a qualitative model for the decision-making processes in a living cell undergoing a differentiation process. OUTLOOK This paper paves the way for the real-time live-cell observation of information processing by microtubule-based cytoskeleton and cell fate decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alfons Lawen
- Monash University, School of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Muhammad Aslam
- Medical Clininc I, Cardiology/Angiology, University Hospital, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Antonella Pantaleo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Carlota Saldanha
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Instituto de Bioquimica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Marco Regolini
- Department of Bioengineering and Mathematical Modeling, AudioLogic, Milan, Italy
| | - Jack A Tuszynski
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, IT-10128, Torino, Italy.
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82
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Dogra N, Kumar A, Mukhopadhyay T. Fenbendazole acts as a moderate microtubule destabilizing agent and causes cancer cell death by modulating multiple cellular pathways. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11926. [PMID: 30093705 PMCID: PMC6085345 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30158-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Drugs that are already clinically approved or experimentally tested for conditions other than cancer, but are found to possess previously unrecognized cytotoxicity towards malignant cells, may serve as fitting anti-cancer candidates. Methyl N-(6-phenylsulfanyl-1H benzimidazol-2-yl) carbamate [Fenbendazole, FZ], a benzimidazole compound, is a safe and inexpensive anthelmintic drug possessing an efficient anti-proliferative activity. In our earlier work, we reported a potent growth-inhibitory activity of FZ caused partially by impairment of proteasomal function. Here, we show that FZ demonstrates moderate affinity for mammalian tubulin and exerts cytotoxicity to human cancer cells at micromolar concentrations. Simultaneously, it caused mitochondrial translocation of p53 and effectively inhibited glucose uptake, expression of GLUT transporters as well as hexokinase (HK II) - a key glycolytic enzyme that most cancer cells thrive on. It blocked the growth of human xenografts in nu/nu mice model when mice were fed with the drug orally. The results, in conjunction with our earlier data, suggest that FZ is a new microtubule interfering agent that displays anti-neoplastic activity and may be evaluated as a potential therapeutic agent because of its effect on multiple cellular pathways leading to effective elimination of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilambra Dogra
- National Centre for Human Genome Studies and Research, Panjab University, Sector-14, Chandigarh, 160014, India.,Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Sector-12, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Ashok Kumar
- National Centre for Human Genome Studies and Research, Panjab University, Sector-14, Chandigarh, 160014, India.,Centre for Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, Panjab University, Sector-25, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Tapas Mukhopadhyay
- National Centre for Human Genome Studies and Research, Panjab University, Sector-14, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
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83
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Rostovtseva TK, Gurnev PA, Hoogerheide DP, Rovini A, Sirajuddin M, Bezrukov SM. Sequence diversity of tubulin isotypes in regulation of the mitochondrial voltage-dependent anion channel. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:10949-10962. [PMID: 29777059 PMCID: PMC6052224 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.001569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The microtubule protein tubulin is a heterodimer comprising α/β subunits, in which each subunit features multiple isotypes in vertebrates. For example, seven α-tubulin and eight β-tubulin isotypes in the human tubulin gene family vary mostly in the length and primary sequence of the disordered anionic carboxyl-terminal tails (CTTs). The biological reason for such sequence diversity remains a topic of vigorous enquiry. Here, we demonstrate that it may be a key feature of tubulin's role in regulation of the permeability of the mitochondrial outer membrane voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC). Using recombinant yeast α/β-tubulin constructs with α-CTTs, β-CTTs, or both from various human tubulin isotypes, we probed their interactions with VDAC reconstituted into planar lipid bilayers. A comparative study of the blockage kinetics revealed that either α-CTTs or β-CTTs block the VDAC pore and that the efficiency of blockage by individual CTTs spans 2 orders of magnitude, depending on the CTT isotype. β-Tubulin constructs, notably β3, blocked VDAC most effectively. We quantitatively described these experimental results using a physical model that accounted only for the number and distribution of charges in the CTT, and not for the interactions between specific residues on the CTT and VDAC pore. Based on these results, we speculate that the effectiveness of VDAC regulation by tubulin depends on the predominant tubulin isotype in a cell. Consequently, the fluxes of ATP/ADP through the channel could vary significantly, depending on the isotype, thus suggesting an intriguing link between VDAC regulation and the diversity of tubulin isotypes present in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana K Rostovtseva
- From the Section on Molecular Transport, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-0924,
| | - Philip A Gurnev
- From the Section on Molecular Transport, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-0924
| | - David P Hoogerheide
- the Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, and
| | - Amandine Rovini
- From the Section on Molecular Transport, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-0924
| | | | - Sergey M Bezrukov
- From the Section on Molecular Transport, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-0924
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84
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Abstract
Cancer metabolism is emerging as a chemotherapeutic target. Enhanced glycolysis and suppression of mitochondrial metabolism characterize the Warburg phenotype in cancer cells. The flux of respiratory substrates, ADP, and Pi into mitochondria and the release of mitochondrial ATP to the cytosol occur through voltage-dependent anion channels (VDACs) located in the mitochondrial outer membrane. Catabolism of respiratory substrates in the Krebs cycle generates NADH and FADH2 that enter the electron transport chain (ETC) to generate a proton motive force that maintains mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨ) and is utilized to generate ATP. The ETC is also the major cellular source of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS). αβ-Tubulin heterodimers decrease VDAC conductance in lipid bilayers. High constitutive levels of cytosolic free tubulin in intact cancer cells close VDAC decreasing mitochondrial ΔΨ and mitochondrial metabolism. The VDAC-tubulin interaction regulates VDAC opening and globally controls mitochondrial metabolism, ROS formation, and the intracellular flow of energy. Erastin, a VDAC-binding molecule lethal to some cancer cell types, and erastin-like compounds identified in a high-throughput screening antagonize the inhibitory effect of tubulin on VDAC. Reversal of tubulin inhibition of VDAC increases VDAC conductance and the flux of metabolites into and out of mitochondria. VDAC opening promotes a higher mitochondrial ΔΨ and a global increase in mitochondrial metabolism leading to high cytosolic ATP/ADP ratios that inhibit glycolysis. VDAC opening also increases ROS production causing oxidative stress that, in turn, leads to mitochondrial dysfunction, bioenergetic failure, and cell death. In summary, antagonism of the VDAC-tubulin interaction promotes cell death by a "double-hit model" characterized by reversion of the proproliferative Warburg phenotype (anti-Warburg) and promotion of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Fang
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Eduardo N Maldonado
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States; Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States.
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85
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Fan J, Wang K, Zirkin B, Papadopoulos V. CRISPR/Cas9‒Mediated Tspo Gene Mutations Lead to Reduced Mitochondrial Membrane Potential and Steroid Formation in MA-10 Mouse Tumor Leydig Cells. Endocrinology 2018; 159:1130-1146. [PMID: 29300865 PMCID: PMC5793793 DOI: 10.1210/en.2017-03065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The outer mitochondrial membrane translocator protein (TSPO) binds cholesterol with high affinity and is involved in mediating its delivery into mitochondria, the rate-limiting step in hormone-induced steroidogenesis. Specific ligand binding to TSPO has been shown to initiate steroid formation. However, recent studies of the genetic deletion of Tspo have provided conflicting results. Here, we address and extend previous studies by examining the effects of Tspo-specific mutations on steroid formation in hormone- and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-responsive MA-10 cells, using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. Two mutant subcell lines, nG1 and G2G, each carrying a Tspo exon2-specific genome modification, and two control subcell lines, G1 and HH, each carrying a wild-type Tspo, were produced. In response to dibutyryl cAMP, the nG1 and G2G cells produced progesterone at levels significantly lower than those produced by the corresponding control cells G1 and HH. Neutral lipid homeostasis, which provides free cholesterol for steroid biosynthesis, was altered significantly in the Tspo mutant cells. Interestingly, the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) of the Tspo mutant cells was significantly reduced compared with that of the control cells, likely because of TSPO interactions with the voltage-dependent anion channel and tubulin at the outer mitochondrial membrane. Steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (STAR) expression was induced in nG1 cells, suggesting that reduced TSPO affected STAR synthesis and/or processing. Taken together, these results provide further evidence for the critical role of TSPO in steroid biosynthesis and suggest that it may function at least in part via its regulation of ΔΨm and effects on STAR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjiang Fan
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre and Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Kevin Wang
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre and Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Barry Zirkin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Vassilios Papadopoulos
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre and Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089
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86
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Zhang YX, Zhao W, Tang YJ. Multilevel induction of apoptosis by microtubule-interfering inhibitors 4β-S-aromatic heterocyclic podophyllum derivatives causing multi-fold mitochondrial depolarization and PKA signaling pathways in HeLa cells. Oncotarget 2018; 7:24303-13. [PMID: 27007151 PMCID: PMC5029702 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein is a first effort to study effect of carbon-sulfur (C-S) and carbon-nitrogen (C-N) bonds modification on the antitumor activity of the podophyllum derivatives in HeLa cells. Compared with the derivative modified by the C-N bond, the C-S bond modification exhibited superior antitumor activity by further causing significant mitochondria depolarization from three signaling pathway. First, a large number of microtubules were depolymerized by 4β-S-heterocyclic substituted podophyllum derivatives. The increasing free tubulin bond with voltage-dependent anion-selective channel (VDAC). Second, cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA) was activated by 4β-S-heterocyclic substituted podophyllum derivatives. And then the activated PKA further caused significantly mitochondria depolarization. Third, the activated PKA also activated c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and further deceased MMP by improving the level of reactive oxygen species. Understanding the molecular events that contribute to drug-induced tumors apoptosis should provide a paradigm for a more rational approach to antitumor drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Xuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Ya-Jie Tang
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
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87
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DeHart DN, Fang D, Heslop K, Li L, Lemasters JJ, Maldonado EN. Opening of voltage dependent anion channels promotes reactive oxygen species generation, mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death in cancer cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2017; 148:155-162. [PMID: 29289511 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2017.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Enhancement of aerobic glycolysis and suppression of mitochondrial metabolism characterize the pro-proliferative Warburg phenotype of cancer cells. High free tubulin in cancer cells closes voltage dependent anion channels (VDAC) to decrease mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨ), an effect antagonized by erastin, the canonical promotor of ferroptosis. Previously, we identified six compounds (X1-X6) that also block tubulin-dependent mitochondrial depolarization. Here, we hypothesized that VDAC opening after erastin and X1-X6 increases mitochondrial metabolism and reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, leading to ROS-dependent mitochondrial dysfunction, bioenergetic failure and cell death. Accordingly, we characterized erastin and the two most potent structurally unrelated lead compounds, X1 and X4, on ROS formation, mitochondrial function and cell viability. Erastin, X1 and X4 increased ΔΨ followed closely by an increase in mitochondrial ROS generation within 30-60 min. Subsequently, mitochondria began to depolarize after an hour or longer indicative of mitochondrial dysfunction. N-acetylcysteine (NAC, glutathione precursor and ROS scavenger) and MitoQ (mitochondrially targeted antioxidant) blocked increased ROS formation after X1 and prevented mitochondrial dysfunction. Erastin, X1 and X4 selectively promoted cell killing in HepG2 and Huh7 human hepatocarcinoma cells compared to primary rat hepatocytes. X1 and X4-dependent cell death was blocked by NAC. These results suggest that ferroptosis induced by erastin and our erastin-like lead compounds was caused by VDAC opening, leading to increased ΔΨ, mitochondrial ROS generation and oxidative stress-induced cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- David N DeHart
- Department of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Diana Fang
- Department of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Kareem Heslop
- Department of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Li Li
- Department of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - John J Lemasters
- Department of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States; Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States; Center for Cell Death, Injury & Regeneration, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States; Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States; Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Pushchino, Russia.
| | - Eduardo N Maldonado
- Department of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States; Center for Cell Death, Injury & Regeneration, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States; Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States.
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88
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Lemasters JJ. Evolution of Voltage-Dependent Anion Channel Function: From Molecular Sieve to Governator to Actuator of Ferroptosis. Front Oncol 2017; 7:303. [PMID: 29312883 PMCID: PMC5742158 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2017.00303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC) is well known as the pathway for passive diffusion of anionic hydrophilic mitochondrial metabolites across the outer membrane, but a more complex functionality of the three isoforms of VDAC has emerged, as addressed in the Frontiers in Oncology Research Topic on “Uncovering the Function of the Mitochondrial Protein VDAC in Health and Disease: from Structure-Function to Novel Therapeutic Strategies.” VDAC as the single most abundant protein in mitochondrial outer membranes is typically involved in isoform-specific interactions of the mitochondrion with its surroundings as, for example, during mitochondria-dependent pathways of cell death. VDAC closure can also act as an adjustable limiter (governator) of global mitochondrial metabolism, as during hepatic ethanol metabolism to promote selective oxidation of membrane-permeant acetaldehyde. In cancer cells, high free tubulin inhibits VDAC1 and VDAC2, contributing to suppression of mitochondrial function in the Warburg phenomenon. Erastin, the canonical inducer of ferroptosis, opens VDAC in the presence of tubulin and hyperpolarizes mitochondria, leading to mitochondrial production of reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial dysfunction, and cell death. Our understanding of VDAC function continues to evolve.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J Lemasters
- Center for Cell Death, Injury and Regeneration, Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
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89
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Shoshan-Barmatz V, Bishitz Y, Paul A, Krelin Y, Nakdimon I, Peled N, Lavon A, Rudoy-Zilberman E, Refaely Y. A molecular signature of lung cancer: potential biomarkers for adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:105492-105509. [PMID: 29285267 PMCID: PMC5739654 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenocarcinoma (AC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), sub-types of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), both present unique features at the genome, epigenome, transcriptome and proteome levels, as well as shared clinical and histopathological characteristics, but differ in terms of treatment. To ensure proper treatment, one must be able to distinguish between these sub-types. Here, we identify novel biomarker proteins in NSCLC, allowing for distinguishing between the AC and SCC sub-types. Proteomics analysis distinguished between healthy and tumor tissues, with the expression level of 1,494 proteins being altered, 378 of which showed a ≥|100|-fold change. Enrichment of proteins related to protein synthesis and degradation, and of proteins associated with mitochondria, metabolism, and apoptosis, was found. Network analysis defined groups of proteins, such as those associated with cell metabolic processes or with fatty acid/lipid metabolism and transport. Several biomarkers that enable for distinguishing between AC and SCC were identified here for the first time, and together with previous reports confirmed here, led us to propose a list of proteins differentially expressed in SCC and AC. Some of these biomarkers are clear signatures for AC or SCC and four of them are secreted proteins. The presence of the mitochondrial protein SMAC/Diablo in the nucleus was found to be a signature for SCC. Precise diagnosis of AC and SCC is essential for selecting appropriate treatment and thus, increasing patient life expectancy. Finally, the search for drugs that target some of these biomarkers may lead to new treatments for lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varda Shoshan-Barmatz
- Department of Life Sciences and The National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Yael Bishitz
- Department of Life Sciences and The National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Avijit Paul
- Department of Life Sciences and The National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Yakov Krelin
- Department of Life Sciences and The National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Itay Nakdimon
- Department of Life Sciences and The National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Nir Peled
- Thoracic Cancer Unit and The Center for Precision Cancer Care, Davidoff Cancer Center, Petach Tiqwa, Israel
| | - Avia Lavon
- Department of Life Sciences and The National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Elina Rudoy-Zilberman
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Soroka University Medical Center and The Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Yael Refaely
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Soroka University Medical Center and The Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
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90
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VDAC electronics: 4. Novel electrical mechanism and thermodynamic estimations of glucose repression of yeast respiration. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2017; 1859:2213-2223. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 08/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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91
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DeHart DN, Lemasters JJ, Maldonado EN. Erastin-Like Anti-Warburg Agents Prevent Mitochondrial Depolarization Induced by Free Tubulin and Decrease Lactate Formation in Cancer Cells. SLAS DISCOVERY 2017; 23:23-33. [PMID: 29024608 DOI: 10.1177/2472555217731556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
In Warburg metabolism, suppression of mitochondrial metabolism contributes to a low cytosolic ATP/ADP ratio favoring enhanced aerobic glycolysis. Flux of metabolites across the mitochondrial outer membrane occurs through voltage-dependent anion channels (VDAC). In cancer cells, free dimeric tubulin induces VDAC closure and dynamically regulates mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨ). Erastin, a small molecule that binds to VDAC, antagonizes the inhibitory effect of tubulin on VDAC and hyperpolarizes mitochondria in intact cells. Here, our aim was to identify novel compounds from the ChemBridge DIVERSet library that block the inhibitory effect of tubulin on ΔΨ using cell-based screening. HCC4006 cells were treated with nocodazole (NCZ) to increase free tubulin and decrease ΔΨ in the presence or absence of library compounds. Tetramethylrhodamine methylester (TMRM) fluorescence was assessed by high-content imaging to determine changes in ΔΨ. Compounds were considered positive if ΔΨ increased in the presence of NCZ. Using confocal microscopy, we identified and validated six lead molecules that antagonized the depolarizing effect of NCZ. Lead compounds and erastin did not promote microtubule stabilization, so changes in ΔΨ were independent of tubulin dynamics. The most potent lead compound also decreased lactate formation. These novel small molecules represent a potential new class of anti-Warburg drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- David N DeHart
- 1 Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.,3 Center for Cell Death, Injury and Regeneration, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - John J Lemasters
- 1 Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.,4 Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Pushchino, Russia
| | - Eduardo N Maldonado
- 1 Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.,3 Center for Cell Death, Injury and Regeneration, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
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92
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Shoshan-Barmatz V, Maldonado EN, Krelin Y. VDAC1 at the crossroads of cell metabolism, apoptosis and cell stress. Cell Stress 2017; 1:11-36. [PMID: 30542671 PMCID: PMC6287957 DOI: 10.15698/cst2017.10.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This review presents current knowledge related to VDAC1 as a multi-functional mitochondrial protein acting on both sides of the coin, regulating cell life and death, and highlighting these functions in relation to disease. It is now recognized that VDAC1 plays a crucial role in regulating the metabolic and energetic functions of mitochondria. The location of VDAC1 at the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM) allows the control of metabolic cross-talk between mitochondria and the rest of the cell and also enables interaction of VDAC1 with proteins involved in metabolic and survival pathways. Along with regulating cellular energy production and metabolism, VDAC1 is also involved in the process of mitochondria-mediated apoptosis by mediating the release of apoptotic proteins and interacting with anti-apoptotic proteins. VDAC1 functions in the release of apoptotic proteins located in the mitochondrial intermembrane space via oligomerization to form a large channel that allows passage of cytochrome c and AIF and their release to the cytosol, subsequently resulting in apoptotic cell death. VDAC1 also regulates apoptosis via interactions with apoptosis regulatory proteins, such as hexokinase, Bcl2 and Bcl-xL, some of which are also highly expressed in many cancers. This review also provides insight into VDAC1 function in Ca2+ homeostasis, oxidative stress, and presents VDAC1 as a hub protein interacting with over 100 proteins. Such interactions enable VDAC1 to mediate and regulate the integration of mitochondrial functions with cellular activities. VDAC1 can thus be considered as standing at the crossroads between mitochondrial metabolite transport and apoptosis and hence represents an emerging cancer drug target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varda Shoshan-Barmatz
- Department of Life Sciences and the National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 84105, Israel
| | - Eduardo N Maldonado
- Department of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC. USA
| | - Yakov Krelin
- Department of Life Sciences and the National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 84105, Israel
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93
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Camara AKS, Zhou Y, Wen PC, Tajkhorshid E, Kwok WM. Mitochondrial VDAC1: A Key Gatekeeper as Potential Therapeutic Target. Front Physiol 2017; 8:460. [PMID: 28713289 PMCID: PMC5491678 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are the key source of ATP that fuels cellular functions, and they are also central in cellular signaling, cell division and apoptosis. Dysfunction of mitochondria has been implicated in a wide range of diseases, including neurodegenerative and cardiac diseases, and various types of cancer. One of the key proteins that regulate mitochondrial function is the voltage-dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1), the most abundant protein on the outer membrane of mitochondria. VDAC1 is the gatekeeper for the passages of metabolites, nucleotides, and ions; it plays a crucial role in regulating apoptosis due to its interaction with apoptotic and anti-apoptotic proteins, namely members of the Bcl-2 family of proteins and hexokinase. Therefore, regulation of VDAC1 is crucial not only for metabolic functions of mitochondria, but also for cell survival. In fact, multiple lines of evidence have confirmed the involvement of VDAC1 in several diseases. Consequently, modulation or dysregulation of VDAC1 function can potentially attenuate or exacerbate pathophysiological conditions. Understanding the role of VDAC1 in health and disease could lead to selective protection of cells in different tissues and diverse diseases. The purpose of this review is to discuss the role of VDAC1 in the pathogenesis of diseases and as a potentially effective target for therapeutic management of various pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amadou K S Camara
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of WisconsinMilwaukee, WI, United States.,Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of WisconsinMilwaukee, WI, United States
| | - YiFan Zhou
- Department of Assay Development, HD BiosciencesShanghai, China
| | - Po-Chao Wen
- Department of Biochemistry, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbana, IL, United States
| | - Emad Tajkhorshid
- Department of Biochemistry, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbana, IL, United States
| | - Wai-Meng Kwok
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of WisconsinMilwaukee, WI, United States.,Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of WisconsinMilwaukee, WI, United States.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of WisconsinMilwaukee, WI, United States
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94
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Wang Y, Hou Q, Xiao G, Yang S, Di C, Si J, Zhou R, Ye Y, Zhang Y, Zhang H. Selective ATP hydrolysis inhibition in F1Fo ATP synthase enhances radiosensitivity in non-small-cell lung cancer cells (A549). Oncotarget 2017; 8:53602-53612. [PMID: 28881834 PMCID: PMC5581133 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background F1Fo-ATP synthase (F1Fo-ATPase) is a reversibly rotary molecular machine whose dual functions of synthesizing or hydrolyzing ATP switch upon the condition of cell physiology. The robust ATP-hydrolyzing activity occurs in ischemia for maintaining the transmembrane proton motive force of mitochondria inner membrane, but the effect of F1Fo-ATPase on X-ray response of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells is unknown. Methods and Findings We studied whether ATP hydrolysis affected X-ray radiation induced cell death. NSCLC cells (A549) were pretreated with BTB06584 (BTB), an elective ATP hydrolysis inhibitor, followed by X-ray radiation. Cell viability and clonogenic survival were markedly decreased, clear indications of enhanced radiosensitivity through BTB incubation. Additionally, ATP5α1 was upregulated in parallel with elevated ATP hydrolytic activity after X-ray radiation, showing an increased mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm). ATP hydrolysis inhibition led to collapse of ΔΨm suggesting ATP hydrolytic activity could enhance ΔΨm after X-ray radiation. Furthermore, we also demonstrated that apoptosis was pronounced with the prolonged collapse of ΔΨm due to hydrolysis inhibition by BTB incubation. Conclusion Overall, these findings supported that ATP hydrolysis inhibition could enhance the radiosensitivity in NSCLC cells (A549) after X-ray radiation, which was due to the collapse of ΔΨm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yupei Wang
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China.,Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Medicine of Gansu Province, Institute of Modern Physics, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qinzheng Hou
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
| | - Guoqing Xiao
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Shifeng Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Cuixia Di
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China.,Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Medicine of Gansu Province, Institute of Modern Physics, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Jing Si
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China.,Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Medicine of Gansu Province, Institute of Modern Physics, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Rong Zhou
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China.,Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Medicine of Gansu Province, Institute of Modern Physics, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Yancheng Ye
- Gansu Wuwei Tumor Hospital, Department of Science and Technology, Wuwei 733000, Gansu, China
| | - Yanshan Zhang
- Gansu Wuwei Tumor Hospital, Department of Science and Technology, Wuwei 733000, Gansu, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China.,Gansu Wuwei Tumor Hospital, Department of Science and Technology, Wuwei 733000, Gansu, China.,Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Medicine of Gansu Province, Institute of Modern Physics, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China
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95
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Rostovtseva TK, Hoogerheide DP, Rovini A, Bezrukov SM. Lipids in Regulation of the Mitochondrial Outer Membrane Permeability, Bioenergetics, and Metabolism. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-55539-3_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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96
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Hoogerheide DP, Noskov SY, Jacobs D, Bergdoll L, Silin V, Worcester DL, Abramson J, Nanda H, Rostovtseva TK, Bezrukov SM. Structural features and lipid binding domain of tubulin on biomimetic mitochondrial membranes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E3622-E3631. [PMID: 28420794 PMCID: PMC5422764 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1619806114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dimeric tubulin, an abundant water-soluble cytosolic protein known primarily for its role in the cytoskeleton, is routinely found to be associated with mitochondrial outer membranes, although the structure and physiological role of mitochondria-bound tubulin are still unknown. There is also no consensus on whether tubulin is a peripheral membrane protein or is integrated into the outer mitochondrial membrane. Here the results of five independent techniques-surface plasmon resonance, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, bilayer overtone analysis, neutron reflectometry, and molecular dynamics simulations-suggest that α-tubulin's amphipathic helix H10 is responsible for peripheral binding of dimeric tubulin to biomimetic "mitochondrial" membranes in a manner that differentiates between the two primary lipid headgroups found in mitochondrial membranes, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine. The identification of the tubulin dimer orientation and membrane-binding domain represents an essential step toward our understanding of the complex mechanisms by which tubulin interacts with integral proteins of the mitochondrial outer membrane and is important for the structure-inspired design of tubulin-targeting agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- David P Hoogerheide
- Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899;
| | - Sergei Y Noskov
- Center for Molecular Simulations, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 1N4;
| | - Daniel Jacobs
- Section on Molecular Transport, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Lucie Bergdoll
- Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Vitalii Silin
- Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, MD 20850
| | - David L Worcester
- Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899
| | - Jeff Abramson
- Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bangalore 560065, Karnataka, India
| | - Hirsh Nanda
- Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899
- Physics Department, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Tatiana K Rostovtseva
- Section on Molecular Transport, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Sergey M Bezrukov
- Section on Molecular Transport, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892;
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97
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Esteras N, Rohrer JD, Hardy J, Wray S, Abramov AY. Mitochondrial hyperpolarization in iPSC-derived neurons from patients of FTDP-17 with 10+16 MAPT mutation leads to oxidative stress and neurodegeneration. Redox Biol 2017; 12:410-422. [PMID: 28319892 PMCID: PMC5357682 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Tau protein inclusions are a frequent hallmark of a variety of neurodegenerative disorders. The 10+16 intronic mutation in MAPT gene, encoding tau, causes frontotemporal dementia and parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17 (FTDP-17), by altering the splicing of the gene and inducing an increase in the production of 4R tau isoforms, which are more prone to aggregation. However, the molecular mechanisms linking increased 4R tau to neurodegeneration are not well understood. Here, we have used iPSC-derived neurons from patients of FTDP-17 carrying the 10+16 mutation to study the molecular mechanisms underlying neurodegeneration. We show that mitochondrial function is altered in the neurons of the patients. We found that FTDP-17 neurons present an increased mitochondrial membrane potential, which is partially maintained by the F1Fo ATPase working in reverse mode. The 10+16 MAPT mutation is also associated with lower mitochondrial NADH levels, partially supressed complex I-driven respiration, and lower ATP production by oxidative phosphorylation, with cells relying on glycolysis to maintain ATP levels. Increased mitochondrial membrane potential in FTDP-17 neurons leads to overproduction of the ROS in mitochondria, which in turn causes oxidative stress and cell death. Mitochondrial ROS overproduction in these cells is a major trigger for neuronal cell death and can be prevented by mitochondrial antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemí Esteras
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, WC1N 3BG London, UK.
| | | | - John Hardy
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, WC1N 3BG London, UK
| | - Selina Wray
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, WC1N 3BG London, UK
| | - Andrey Y Abramov
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, WC1N 3BG London, UK.
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98
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Carr L, Bardet SM, Burke RC, Arnaud-Cormos D, Leveque P, O'Connor RP. Calcium-independent disruption of microtubule dynamics by nanosecond pulsed electric fields in U87 human glioblastoma cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41267. [PMID: 28117459 PMCID: PMC5259788 DOI: 10.1038/srep41267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
High powered, nanosecond duration, pulsed electric fields (nsPEF) cause cell death by a mechanism that is not fully understood and have been proposed as a targeted cancer therapy. Numerous chemotherapeutics work by disrupting microtubules. As microtubules are affected by electrical fields, this study looks at the possibility of disrupting them electrically with nsPEF. Human glioblastoma cells (U87-MG) treated with 100, 10 ns, 44 kV/cm pulses at a frequency of 10 Hz showed a breakdown of their interphase microtubule network that was accompanied by a reduction in the number of growing microtubules. This effect is temporally linked to loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and independent of cellular swelling and calcium influx, two factors that disrupt microtubule growth dynamics. Super-resolution microscopy revealed microtubule buckling and breaking as a result of nsPEF application, suggesting that nsPEF may act directly on microtubules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn Carr
- XLIM Research Institute, UMR CNRS No 7252, University of Limoges, Faculty of Science and Techniques, 123 Avenue Albert Thomas, 87060 Limoges, France
| | - Sylvia M Bardet
- XLIM Research Institute, UMR CNRS No 7252, University of Limoges, Faculty of Science and Techniques, 123 Avenue Albert Thomas, 87060 Limoges, France
| | - Ryan C Burke
- XLIM Research Institute, UMR CNRS No 7252, University of Limoges, Faculty of Science and Techniques, 123 Avenue Albert Thomas, 87060 Limoges, France
| | - Delia Arnaud-Cormos
- XLIM Research Institute, UMR CNRS No 7252, University of Limoges, Faculty of Science and Techniques, 123 Avenue Albert Thomas, 87060 Limoges, France
| | - Philippe Leveque
- XLIM Research Institute, UMR CNRS No 7252, University of Limoges, Faculty of Science and Techniques, 123 Avenue Albert Thomas, 87060 Limoges, France
| | - Rodney P O'Connor
- XLIM Research Institute, UMR CNRS No 7252, University of Limoges, Faculty of Science and Techniques, 123 Avenue Albert Thomas, 87060 Limoges, France
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99
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Maldonado EN. VDAC-Tubulin, an Anti-Warburg Pro-Oxidant Switch. Front Oncol 2017; 7:4. [PMID: 28168164 PMCID: PMC5256068 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2017.00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aerobic enhanced glycolysis characterizes the Warburg phenotype. In cancer cells, suppression of mitochondrial metabolism contributes to maintain a low ATP/ADP ratio that favors glycolysis. We propose that the voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC) located in the mitochondrial outer membrane is a metabolic link between glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation in the Warburg phenotype. Most metabolites including respiratory substrates, ADP, and Pi enter mitochondria only through VDAC. Oxidation of respiratory substrates in the Krebs cycle generates NADH that enters the electron transport chain (ETC) to generate a proton motive force utilized to generate ATP and to maintain mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨ). The ETC is also the major source of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation. Dimeric α-β tubulin decreases conductance of VDAC inserted in lipid bilayers, and high free tubulin in cancer cells by closing VDAC, limits the ingress of respiratory substrates and ATP decreasing mitochondrial ΔΨ. VDAC opening regulated by free tubulin operates as a “master key” that “seal–unseal” mitochondria to modulate mitochondrial metabolism, ROS formation, and the intracellular flow of energy. Erastin, a small molecule that binds to VDAC and kills cancer cells, and erastin-like compounds antagonize the inhibitory effect of tubulin on VDAC. Blockage of the VDAC–tubulin switch increases mitochondrial metabolism leading to decreased glycolysis and oxidative stress that promotes mitochondrial dysfunction, bioenergetic failure, and cell death. In summary, VDAC opening-dependent cell death follows a “metabolic double-hit model” characterized by oxidative stress and reversion of the pro-proliferative Warburg phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo N Maldonado
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA; Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA; Center for Cell Death, Injury and Regeneration, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
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100
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Kerkhofs M, Giorgi C, Marchi S, Seitaj B, Parys JB, Pinton P, Bultynck G, Bittremieux M. Alterations in Ca 2+ Signalling via ER-Mitochondria Contact Site Remodelling in Cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 997:225-254. [PMID: 28815534 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-4567-7_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Inter-organellar contact sites establish microdomains for localised Ca2+-signalling events. One of these microdomains is established between the ER and the mitochondria. Importantly, the so-called mitochondria-associated ER membranes (MAMs) contain, besides structural proteins and proteins involved in lipid exchange, several Ca2+-transport systems, mediating efficient Ca2+ transfer from the ER to the mitochondria. These Ca2+ signals critically control several mitochondrial functions, thereby impacting cell metabolism, cell death and survival, proliferation and migration. Hence, the MAMs have emerged as critical signalling hubs in physiology, while their dysregulation is an important factor that drives or at least contributes to oncogenesis and tumour progression. In this book chapter, we will provide an overview of the role of the MAMs in cell function and how alterations in the MAM composition contribute to oncogenic features and behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martijn Kerkhofs
- Laboratory Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Leuven Kanker Instituut (LKI), KU Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg O&N 1 Box 802, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Carlotta Giorgi
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Saverio Marchi
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Bruno Seitaj
- Laboratory Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Leuven Kanker Instituut (LKI), KU Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg O&N 1 Box 802, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan B Parys
- Laboratory Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Leuven Kanker Instituut (LKI), KU Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg O&N 1 Box 802, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Geert Bultynck
- Laboratory Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Leuven Kanker Instituut (LKI), KU Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg O&N 1 Box 802, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Mart Bittremieux
- Laboratory Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Leuven Kanker Instituut (LKI), KU Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg O&N 1 Box 802, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
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