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Zhou X, Zhao Y, Wang J, Wang X, Chen C, Yin D, Zhao F, Yin J, Guo M, Zhang L, Du L, Zhang B, Yin X. Resveratrol represses estrogen-induced mammary carcinogenesis through NRF2-UGT1A8-estrogen metabolic axis activation. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 155:252-263. [PMID: 30009768 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Estrogen plays a pivotal role in the pathological development of breast cancer. Resveratrol has chemo-preventive effects against breast cancer, whereas, the mechanism of antitumor activities of resveratrol remains unanswered. In this study, we showed that estrogen homeostasis profile was disturbed in both breast cancer patients and in experimental breast cancer model rats, with carcinogenic catechol estrogens significantly accumulated in the mammary tissues. UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A8 (UGT1A8) is an important phase II drug-metabolizing enzymes which involved in the metabolism of catechol estrogens. Here we found that the mammary nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) - UGT1A8 signaling was down-regulated in breast cancer rats, whereas treatment with resveratrol could upregulate the expression of NRF2 and UGT1A8, accelerate metabolic elimination of catechol estrogens, inhibit estrogen-induced DNA damage and suppress the pathological development of breast cancer. In addition, luciferase reporter assay suggested that resveratrol activated the expression of UGT1A8 by up-regulating the transcriptional activity of NRF2. Small-interfering RNA-mediated silencing of NRF2 abolished resveratrol-mediated preventive effects indicated that the antitumor effect of resveratrol is based on NRF2-UGT1A8-estrogen metabolism axis. Taken together, we established the resveratrol regulating potential on estrogen homeostasis based on NRF2-UGT1A8 signaling pathway, and also provided a novel link between estrogen glucuronidation metabolism and breast cancer pathological development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyan Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yun Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Chunxia Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Di Yin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Feng Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Jiale Yin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Meng Guo
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Longzhen Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Lei Du
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Bei Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou Clinical School of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.
| | - Xiaoxing Yin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.
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van de Ven M, Liu X, van der Burg E, Klarenbeek S, Alexi X, Zwart W, Dijcks F, Bouwman P, Jonkers J. BRCA1-associated mammary tumorigenesis is dependent on estrogen rather than progesterone signaling. J Pathol 2018; 246:41-53. [PMID: 29877575 DOI: 10.1002/path.5105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Hereditary breast cancers in BRCA1 mutation carriers are mostly estrogen receptor α (ERα)-negative and progesterone receptor (PR)-negative; however, hormone depletion via bilateral oophorectomy does result in a marked reduction in breast cancer risk, suggesting that BRCA1-associated breast tumorigenesis is dependent on hormone signaling. We used geneticaly engineered mouse models to determine the individual influences of ERα and PR signaling on the development of BRCA1-deficient breast cancer. In line with the human data, BRCA1-deficient mouse mammary tumors are ERα-negative, and bilateral ovariectomy leads to abrogation of mammary tumor development. Hormonal replacement experiments in ovariectomized mice showed that BRCA1-deficient mammary tumor formation is promoted by estrogen but not by progesterone. In line with these data, mammary tumorigenesis was significantly delayed by the selective ERα downregulator fulvestrant, but not by the selective PR antagonist Org33628. Together, our results illustrate that BRCA1-associated tumorigenesis is dependent on estrogen signaling rather than on progesterone signaling, and call into question the utility of PR antagonists as a tumor prevention strategy for BRCA1 mutation carriers. Copyright © 2018 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marieke van de Ven
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Xiaoling Liu
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eline van der Burg
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sjoerd Klarenbeek
- Experimental Animal Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Xanthippi Alexi
- Division of Oncogenomics, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wilbert Zwart
- Division of Oncogenomics, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Fred Dijcks
- Synthon Biopharmaceuticals B.V, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Bouwman
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jos Jonkers
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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BRCA Mutation Status Is Not Associated With Increased Hematologic Toxicity Among Patients Undergoing Platinum-Based Chemotherapy for Ovarian Cancer. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2018; 28:69-76. [PMID: 29194191 DOI: 10.1097/igc.0000000000001144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Women with an inherited BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation may have an impaired ability to repair chemotherapy-induced damage as a result of a state of haploinsufficiency and may experience greater treatment-related toxicity. The objective of this study was to compare the hematologic adverse effect profiles associated with platinum-based chemotherapy in ovarian cancer patients with and without germline BRCA mutations. METHODS We conducted a retrospective analysis of patients treated for high-grade serous ovarian cancer at Princess Margaret Cancer Center, Toronto, Ontario between January 2000 and December 2015. We included only women with known BRCA mutation status and who received first-line platinum-based chemotherapy. We compared 3 primary measures of myelosuppression (ie, hemoglobin levels, platelet counts, and neutrophil counts) before each cycle of chemotherapy in patients with and without a BRCA mutation. RESULTS We included 130 BRCA mutation carriers and 302 noncarriers who met the eligibility criteria. There were no significant differences in baseline hemoglobin levels, neutrophil counts, or platelet counts between the groups (P ≥ 0.31). We found no significant difference in 3 measures of hematologic toxicity (ie, neutropenia, anemia, or thrombocytopenia) based on BRCA mutation status across all chemotherapy cycles (P ≥ 0.06). Although BRCA mutation carriers were more likely to experience an absolute neutrophil count below 1.0 × 10/L than noncarriers (P = 0.02), this did not translate to an increased frequency of dose reduction or dose delay. DISCUSSION Among women with ovarian cancer, hematologic toxicity does not appear to be more frequent in BRCA mutation carriers than in noncarriers. This is reassuring for clinicians treating ovarian cancer patients with respect to dosing regimens. These findings do not support the hypothesis that a haploinsufficiency phenotype exists with respect to the repair of chemotherapy-induced double-strand DNA breaks in this high-risk population.
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BARD1 is necessary for ubiquitylation of nucleosomal histone H2A and for transcriptional regulation of estrogen metabolism genes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:1316-1321. [PMID: 29367421 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1715467115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Missense mutations that disrupt the RING domain of the tumor suppressor gene BRCA1 lead to increased risk of breast and ovarian cancer. The BRCA1 RING domain is a ubiquitin ligase, whose structure and function rely critically on forming a heterodimer with BARD1, which also harbors a RING domain. The function of the BARD1 RING domain is unknown. In families severely affected with breast cancer, we identified inherited BARD1 missense mutations Cys53Trp, Cys71Tyr, and Cys83Arg that alter three zinc-binding residues of the BARD1 RING domain. Each of these mutant BARD1 proteins retained the ability to form heterodimeric complexes with BRCA1 to make an active ubiquitin ligase, but the mutant BRCA1/BARD1 complexes were deficient in binding to nucleosomes and in ubiquitylating histone H2A. The BARD1 mutations also caused loss of transcriptional repression of BRCA1-regulated estrogen metabolism genes CYP1A1 and CYP3A4; breast epithelial cells edited to create heterozygous loss of BARD1 showed significantly higher expression of CYP1A1 and CYP3A4 Reintroduction of wild-type BARD1 into these cells restored CYP1A1 and CYP3A4 transcription to normal levels, but introduction of the cancer-predisposing BARD1 RING mutants failed to do so. These results indicate that an intact BARD1 RING domain is critical to BRCA1/BARD1 binding to nucleosomes and hence to ubiquitylation of histone H2A and also critical to transcriptional repression of BRCA1-regulated genes active in estrogen metabolism.
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Cuyàs E, Fernández-Arroyo S, Alarcón T, Lupu R, Joven J, Menendez JA. Germline BRCA1 mutation reprograms breast epithelial cell metabolism towards mitochondrial-dependent biosynthesis: evidence for metformin-based "starvation" strategies in BRCA1 carriers. Oncotarget 2018; 7:52974-52992. [PMID: 27259235 PMCID: PMC5288162 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We hypothesized that women inheriting one germline mutation of the BRCA1 gene (“one-hit”) undergo cell-type-specific metabolic reprogramming that supports the high biosynthetic requirements of breast epithelial cells to progress to a fully malignant phenotype. Targeted metabolomic analysis was performed in isogenic pairs of nontumorigenic human breast epithelial cells in which the knock-in of 185delAG mutation in a single BRCA1 allele leads to genomic instability. Mutant BRCA1 one-hit epithelial cells displayed constitutively enhanced activation of biosynthetic nodes within mitochondria. This metabolic rewiring involved the increased incorporation of glutamine- and glucose-dependent carbon into tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle metabolite pools to ultimately generate elevated levels of acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA, the major building blocks for lipid biosynthesis. The significant increase of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) including the anabolic trigger leucine, which can not only promote protein translation via mTOR but also feed into the TCA cycle via succinyl-CoA, further underscored the anabolic reprogramming of BRCA1 haploinsufficient cells. The anti-diabetic biguanide metformin “reversed” the metabolomic signature and anabolic phenotype of BRCA1 one-hit cells by shutting down mitochondria-driven generation of precursors for lipogenic pathways and reducing the BCAA pool for protein synthesis and TCA fueling. Metformin-induced restriction of mitochondrial biosynthetic capacity was sufficient to impair the tumor-initiating capacity of BRCA1 one-hit cells in mammosphere assays. Metabolic rewiring of the breast epithelium towards increased anabolism might constitute an unanticipated and inherited form of metabolic reprogramming linked to increased risk of oncogenesis in women bearing pathogenic germline BRCA1 mutations. The ability of metformin to constrain the production of mitochondrial-dependent biosynthetic intermediates might open a new avenue for “starvation” chemopreventive strategies in BRCA1 carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabet Cuyàs
- ProCURE (Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance), Metabolism and Cancer Group, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Girona, Catalonia, Spain.,Molecular Oncology Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Salvador Fernández-Arroyo
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Campus of International Excellence Southern Catalonia, Reus, Spain
| | - Tomás Alarcón
- Institució Catalana d'Estudis i Recerca Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain.,Computational and Mathematical Biology Research Group, Centre de Recerca Matemàtic (CRM), Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Matemàtiques, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Barcelona Graduate School of Mathematics (BGSMath), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ruth Lupu
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Division of Experimental Pathology, Rochester, MN, USA.,Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jorge Joven
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Campus of International Excellence Southern Catalonia, Reus, Spain
| | - Javier A Menendez
- ProCURE (Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance), Metabolism and Cancer Group, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Girona, Catalonia, Spain.,Molecular Oncology Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, Catalonia, Spain
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Menendez JA, Folguera-Blasco N, Cuyàs E, Fernández-Arroyo S, Joven J, Alarcón T. Accelerated geroncogenesis in hereditary breast-ovarian cancer syndrome. Oncotarget 2017; 7:11959-71. [PMID: 26943589 PMCID: PMC4914261 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The geroncogenesis hypothesis postulates that the decline in metabolic cellular health that occurs naturally with aging drives a "field effect" predisposing normal tissues for cancer development. We propose that mutations in the cancer susceptibility genes BRCA1/2 might trigger "accelerated geroncogenesis" in breast and ovarian epithelia. By speeding up the rate at which the metabolic threshold becomes "permissive" with survival and expansion of genomically unstable pre-tumoral epithelial cells, BRCA haploinsufficiency-driven metabolic reprogramming would operate as a bona fide oncogenic event enabling malignant transformation and tumor formation in BRCA carriers. The metabolic facet of BRCA1 one-hit might involve tissue-specific alterations in acetyl-CoA, α-ketoglutarate, NAD+, FAD, or S-adenosylmethionine, critical factors for de/methylation or de/acetylation dynamics in the nuclear epigenome. This in turn might induce faulty epigenetic reprogramming at the "install phase" that directs cell-specific differentiation of breast/ovarian epithelial cells, which can ultimately determine the penetrance of BRCA defects during developmental windows of susceptibility. This model offers a framework to study whether metabolic drugs that prevent or revert metabolic reprogramming induced by BRCA haploinsufficiency might displace the "geroncogenic risk" of BRCA carriers to the age typical for those without the mutation. The identification of the key nodes that directly communicate changes in cellular metabolism to the chromatin in BRCA haploinsufficient cells may allow the epigenetic targeting of genomic instability using exclusively metabolic means. The validation of accelerated geroncogenesis as an inherited "one-hit" metabolic "field effect" might offer new strategies to therapeutically revisit the apparently irreversible genetic-hereditary fate of women with hereditary breast-ovarian cancer syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier A Menendez
- ProCURE (Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance), Metabolism and Cancer Group, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Girona, Catalonia, Spain.,Molecular Oncology Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Salt, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Núria Folguera-Blasco
- Computational and Mathematical Biology Research Group, Centre de Recerca Matemàtica (CRM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elisabet Cuyàs
- ProCURE (Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance), Metabolism and Cancer Group, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Girona, Catalonia, Spain.,Molecular Oncology Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Salt, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Salvador Fernández-Arroyo
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Campus of International Excellence Southern Catalonia, Reus, Spain
| | - Jorge Joven
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Campus of International Excellence Southern Catalonia, Reus, Spain
| | - Tomás Alarcón
- Computational and Mathematical Biology Research Group, Centre de Recerca Matemàtica (CRM), Barcelona, Spain.,Institució Catalana d'Estudis i Recerca Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Matemàtiques, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Barcelona Graduate School of Mathematics (BGSMath), Barcelona, Spain
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57
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Berstein LM. Endocrinology of cancer and age: Early and late developmental stages. ADVANCES IN GERONTOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s2079057017030055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Neff RT, Senter L, Salani R. BRCA mutation in ovarian cancer: testing, implications and treatment considerations. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2017; 9:519-531. [PMID: 28794804 PMCID: PMC5524247 DOI: 10.1177/1758834017714993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is a heterogeneous disease that encompasses a number of different cellular subtypes, the most common of which is high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC). Still today, ovarian cancer is primarily treated with chemotherapy and surgery. Recent advances in the hereditary understanding of this disease have shown a significant role for the BRCA gene. While only a minority of patients with HGSOC will have a germline BRCA mutation, many others may have tumor genetic aberrations within BRCA or other homologous recombination proteins. Genetic screening for these BRCA mutations has allowed improved preventative measures and therapeutic development. This review focuses on the understanding of BRCA mutations and their relationship with ovarian cancer development, as well as future therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert T Neff
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Leigha Senter
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Human Genetics, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ritu Salani
- Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center - James Comprehensive Cancer Center, 320 West 10th Avenue, M210 Starling-Loving Hall, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Abstract
How can we treat cancer more effectively? Traditionally, tumours from the same anatomical site are treated as one tumour entity. This concept has been challenged by recent breakthroughs in cancer genomics and translational research that have enabled molecular tumour profiling. The identification and validation of cancer drivers that are shared between different tumour types, spurred the new paradigm to target driver pathways across anatomical sites by off-label drug use, or within so-called basket or umbrella trials which are designed to test whether molecular alterations in one tumour entity can be extrapolated to all others. However, recent clinical and preclinical studies suggest that there are tissue- and cell type-specific differences in tumorigenesis and the organization of oncogenic signalling pathways. In this Opinion article, we focus on the molecular, cellular, systemic and environmental determinants of organ-specific tumorigenesis and the mechanisms of context-specific oncogenic signalling outputs. Investigation, recognition and in-depth biological understanding of these differences will be vital for the design of next-generation clinical trials and the implementation of molecularly guided cancer therapies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Günter Schneider
- Department of Medicine II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaningerstr. 22, 81675 München, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marc Schmidt-Supprian
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Medicine III, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaningerstr. 22, 81675 München, Germany
| | - Roland Rad
- Department of Medicine II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaningerstr. 22, 81675 München, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dieter Saur
- Department of Medicine II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaningerstr. 22, 81675 München, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Spira A, Yurgelun MB, Alexandrov L, Rao A, Bejar R, Polyak K, Giannakis M, Shilatifard A, Finn OJ, Dhodapkar M, Kay NE, Braggio E, Vilar E, Mazzilli SA, Rebbeck TR, Garber JE, Velculescu VE, Disis ML, Wallace DC, Lippman SM. Precancer Atlas to Drive Precision Prevention Trials. Cancer Res 2017; 77:1510-1541. [PMID: 28373404 PMCID: PMC6681830 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-2346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer development is a complex process driven by inherited and acquired molecular and cellular alterations. Prevention is the holy grail of cancer elimination, but making this a reality will take a fundamental rethinking and deep understanding of premalignant biology. In this Perspective, we propose a national concerted effort to create a Precancer Atlas (PCA), integrating multi-omics and immunity - basic tenets of the neoplastic process. The biology of neoplasia caused by germline mutations has led to paradigm-changing precision prevention efforts, including: tumor testing for mismatch repair (MMR) deficiency in Lynch syndrome establishing a new paradigm, combinatorial chemoprevention efficacy in familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), signal of benefit from imaging-based early detection research in high-germline risk for pancreatic neoplasia, elucidating early ontogeny in BRCA1-mutation carriers leading to an international breast cancer prevention trial, and insights into the intricate germline-somatic-immunity interaction landscape. Emerging genetic and pharmacologic (metformin) disruption of mitochondrial (mt) respiration increased autophagy to prevent cancer in a Li-Fraumeni mouse model (biology reproduced in clinical pilot) and revealed profound influences of subtle changes in mt DNA background variation on obesity, aging, and cancer risk. The elaborate communication between the immune system and neoplasia includes an increasingly complex cellular microenvironment and dynamic interactions between host genetics, environmental factors, and microbes in shaping the immune response. Cancer vaccines are in early murine and clinical precancer studies, building on the recent successes of immunotherapy and HPV vaccine immune prevention. Molecular monitoring in Barrett's esophagus to avoid overdiagnosis/treatment highlights an important PCA theme. Next generation sequencing (NGS) discovered age-related clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP). Ultra-deep NGS reports over the past year have redefined the premalignant landscape remarkably identifying tiny clones in the blood of up to 95% of women in their 50s, suggesting that potentially premalignant clones are ubiquitous. Similar data from eyelid skin and peritoneal and uterine lavage fluid provide unprecedented opportunities to dissect the earliest phases of stem/progenitor clonal (and microenvironment) evolution/diversity with new single-cell and liquid biopsy technologies. Cancer mutational signatures reflect exogenous or endogenous processes imprinted over time in precursors. Accelerating the prevention of cancer will require a large-scale, longitudinal effort, leveraging diverse disciplines (from genetics, biochemistry, and immunology to mathematics, computational biology, and engineering), initiatives, technologies, and models in developing an integrated multi-omics and immunity PCA - an immense national resource to interrogate, target, and intercept events that drive oncogenesis. Cancer Res; 77(7); 1510-41. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avrum Spira
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Pathology and Bioinformatics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Matthew B Yurgelun
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ludmil Alexandrov
- Theoretical Division, Center for Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico
| | - Anjana Rao
- Division of Signaling and Gene Expression, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California
| | - Rafael Bejar
- Department of Medicine, Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Kornelia Polyak
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Marios Giannakis
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ali Shilatifard
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Olivera J Finn
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Madhav Dhodapkar
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Neil E Kay
- Department of Hematology, Mayo Clinic Hospital, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Esteban Braggio
- Department of Hematology, Mayo Clinic Hospital, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Eduardo Vilar
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Sarah A Mazzilli
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Pathology and Bioinformatics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Timothy R Rebbeck
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Judy E Garber
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Victor E Velculescu
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Pathology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Mary L Disis
- Department of Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine in Women's Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Douglas C Wallace
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Scott M Lippman
- Department of Medicine, Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California.
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Alothman SJ, Wang W, Goerlitz DS, Islam M, Zhong X, Kishore A, Azhar RI, Kallakury BV, Furth PA. Responsiveness of Brca1 and Trp53 Deficiency-Induced Mammary Preneoplasia to Selective Estrogen Modulators versus an Aromatase Inhibitor in Mus musculus. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2017; 10:244-254. [PMID: 28283467 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-16-0268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
An intervention study initiated at age 4 months compared the impact of tamoxifen (25 mg), raloxifene (22.5 mg), and letrozole (2.5 mg) administered by 60-day release subcutaneous pellet on mammary preneoplasia prevalence at age 6 months in conditional genetically engineered mouse models with different Breast cancer 1 (Brca1) gene dosages targeted to mammary epithelial cells and germline Tumor protein P53 (Trp53) haploinsufficiency (10-16/cohort). The proportion of unexposed control mice demonstrating mammary preneoplasia at age 6 months was highest in Brca1fl11/fl11/Cre/p53-/+ (54%) mice followed by Brca1WT/fl11/Cre/p53-/+ mice (30%). By age 12 months, invasive mammary cancers appeared in 80% of Brca1fl11/fl11/Cre/p53-/+ and 42% of Brca1WT/fl11/Cre/p53-/+ control unexposed mice. The spectrum of cancer histology was similar in both models without somatic mutation of the nongenetically engineered Brca1, Trp53, Brca2, or Death-associated protein kinase 3 (Dapk3) alleles. Two-month exposure to tamoxifen, raloxifene, and letrozole significantly reduced estrogen-mediated tertiary branching by 65%, 71%, and 78%, respectively, in Brca1fl11/fl11/Cre/p53-/+ mice at age 6 months. However, only letrozole significantly reduced hyperplastic alveolar nodules (HAN) prevalence (by 52%) and number (by 30%) and invasive cancer appeared despite tamoxifen exposure. In contrast, tamoxifen significantly reduced HAN number by 95% in Brca1WT/fl11/Cre/p53-/+ mice. Control mice with varying combinations of the different genetically modified alleles and MMTV-Cre transgene demonstrated that the combination of Brca1 insufficiency and Trp53 haploinsufficiency was required for appearance of preneoplasia and no individual genetic alteration confounded the response to tamoxifen. In summary, although specific antihormonal approaches showed effectiveness, with Brca1 gene dosage implicated as a possible modifying variable, more effective chemopreventive approaches for Brca1 mutation-induced cancer may require alternative and/or additional agents. Cancer Prev Res; 10(4); 244-54. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar J Alothman
- Graduate School of Arts and Science, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC.,Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | - Weisheng Wang
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | - David S Goerlitz
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | - Md Islam
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | - Xiaogang Zhong
- Department of Biostatistics, Bioinformatics & Biomathematics, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | - Archana Kishore
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | - Redha I Azhar
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | - Bhaskar V Kallakury
- Department of Pathology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC.,Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | - Priscilla A Furth
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC. .,Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC.,Department of Medicine, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
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Johansson A, Flanagan JM. Epigenome-wide association studies for breast cancer risk and risk factors. TRENDS IN CANCER RESEARCH 2017; 12:19-28. [PMID: 28955137 PMCID: PMC5612397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
There have been six epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS) for breast cancer risk using blood DNA from prospective cohorts published thus far, and the only consistent finding is a global loss of methylation observed in breast cancer cases compared with controls, with no individual CpG sites passing validation across studies. In contrast, a more successful approach has been the identification of EWAS signatures of cancer risk factors such as smoking, body mass index, age and alcohol use with numerous validated CpG sites. These signatures may be used as a molecular test to quantify cancer risk associated with these factors. It is clear from the larger EWAS of risk exposures that similar-sized large collaborative studies may be needed to robustly identify DNA methylation signatures of breast cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annelie Johansson
- Epigenetics Unit, Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, UK
| | - James M. Flanagan
- Epigenetics Unit, Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, UK
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Li M, Chen Q, Yu X. Chemopreventive Effects of ROS Targeting in a Murine Model of BRCA1-Deficient Breast Cancer. Cancer Res 2016; 77:448-458. [PMID: 27815389 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-2350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
There remains great interest in practical strategies to limit the elevated risks of familial breast and ovarian cancers driven by BRCA1 mutation. Here, we report that limiting the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is sufficient to reduce DNA lesions and delay tumorigenesis in a murine model of BRCA1-deficient breast cancer. We documented a large amount of endogenous estrogen oxidative metabolites in the mammary gland of the model, which induced DNA adducts and apurinic/apyrimidinic sites associated with DNA double-strand breaks and genomic instability. Repressing estrogen oxidation via antioxidant treatments reduced oxidative DNA lesions and delayed the onset of mammary tumors. Overall our work suggests an answer to the long-standing question of why germline BRCA1 mutations cause tissue-specific tumors, in showing how tissue-specific, ROS-induced DNA lesions create a nongenetic force to promote mammary tumors in BRCA1-deficient mice. Our findings create a rationale for evaluating suitable antioxidant modalities as a chemopreventive strategy for familial breast cancer. Cancer Res; 77(2); 448-58. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mo Li
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Xiaochun Yu
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California.
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Tripathi K, Mani C, Somasagara RR, Clark DW, Ananthapur V, Vinaya K, Palle K. Detection and evaluation of estrogen DNA-adducts and their carcinogenic effects in cultured human cells using biotinylated estradiol. Mol Carcinog 2016; 56:1010-1020. [DOI: 10.1002/mc.22566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kaushlendra Tripathi
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute; University of South Alabama; Mobile Alabama
| | - Chinnadurai Mani
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute; University of South Alabama; Mobile Alabama
| | - Ranganatha R. Somasagara
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute; University of South Alabama; Mobile Alabama
| | - David W. Clark
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute; University of South Alabama; Mobile Alabama
| | - Venkateshwari Ananthapur
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute; University of South Alabama; Mobile Alabama
- Institute of Genetics and Hospital for Genetic Diseases; Osmania University; Begumpet, Hyderabad Telangana India
| | - Kambappa Vinaya
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute; University of South Alabama; Mobile Alabama
- Department of Chemistry; Government First Grade College; Kadur Karnataka India
| | - Komaraiah Palle
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute; University of South Alabama; Mobile Alabama
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65
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Chehade R, Pettapiece-Phillips R, Salmena L, Kotlyar M, Jurisica I, Narod SA, Akbari MR, Kotsopoulos J. Reduced BRCA1 transcript levels in freshly isolated blood leukocytes from BRCA1 mutation carriers is mutation specific. Breast Cancer Res 2016; 18:87. [PMID: 27534398 PMCID: PMC4989508 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-016-0739-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background BRCA1 mutation carriers face a high lifetime risk of developing both breast and ovarian cancer. Haploinsufficiency is thought to predispose these women to cancer by reducing the pool of available BRCA1 transcript and protein, thereby compromising BRCA1 function. Whether or not cancer-free BRCA1 mutation carriers have lower messenger (m)RNA transcript levels in peripheral blood leukocytes has not been evaluated. The primary aim of this study was to characterize an association between BRCA1 mutation status and BRCA1 mRNA leukocyte expression levels among healthy women with a BRCA1 mutation. Method RNA was extracted from freshly isolated peripheral blood leukocytes of 58 cancer-free, female participants (22 BRCA1 mutation carriers and 36 non-carriers). The expression levels of 236 cancer-associated genes, including BRCA1, were quantified using the Human Cancer Reference gene panel from the Nanostring Technologies nCounter Analysis System. Results Multivariate modeling demonstrated that carrying a BRCA1 mutation was the most significant predictor of BRCA1 mRNA levels. BRCA1 mRNA levels were significantly lower in BRCA1 mutation carriers compared to non-carriers (146.7 counts vs. 175.1 counts; P = 0.002). Samples with BRCA1 mutations within exon 11 had lower BRCA1 mRNA levels than samples with mutations within the 5′ and 3′ regions of the BRCA1 gene (122.1 counts vs. 138.9 and 168.6 counts, respectively; P = 0.003). Unsupervised hierarchical clustering of gene expression profiles from freshly isolated blood leukocytes revealed that BRCA1 mutation carriers cluster more closely with other BRCA1 mutation carriers than with BRCA1 wild-type samples. Moreover, a set of 17 genes (including BRCA1) previously shown to be involved in carcinogenesis, were differentially expressed between BRCA1 mutation carriers and non-carriers. Conclusion Overall, these findings support the concept of BRCA1 haploinsufficiency wherein a specific mutation results in dosage-dependent alteration of BRCA1 at the transcriptional level. This study is the first to show a decrease in BRCA1 mRNA expression in freshly isolated blood leukocytes from healthy, unaffected BRCA1 mutation carriers. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13058-016-0739-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania Chehade
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, 76 Grenville Street, 6th Floor, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 2J2.00 WC Mackenzie Health Sciences Centre, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Rachael Pettapiece-Phillips
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, 76 Grenville Street, 6th Floor, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, FitzGerald Building, 150 College Street, Room 316, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Leonardo Salmena
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Max Kotlyar
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Igor Jurisica
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics and Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Steven A Narod
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, 76 Grenville Street, 6th Floor, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, FitzGerald Building, 150 College Street, Room 316, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, 155 College Street Health Science Building, 6th Floor, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mohammad R Akbari
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, 76 Grenville Street, 6th Floor, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, 155 College Street Health Science Building, 6th Floor, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Joanne Kotsopoulos
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, 76 Grenville Street, 6th Floor, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, FitzGerald Building, 150 College Street, Room 316, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, 155 College Street Health Science Building, 6th Floor, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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66
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Wang J, Liu Q, Sun J, Shyr Y. Disrupted cooperation between transcription factors across diverse cancer types. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:560. [PMID: 27496222 PMCID: PMC4975902 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-2842-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Transcription Factors (TFs), essential for many cellular processes, generally work coordinately to induce transcriptional change in response to internal and external signals. Disrupted cooperation between TFs, leading to dysregulation of target genes, contributes to the pathogenesis of many diseases, including cancer. Although the aberrant activation of individual TFs and the functional effects have been widely studied, the perturbation of TF cooperativity in cancer has rarely been explored. Results We used TF co-expression as proxy as cooperativity and performed a large-scale study on disrupted TF cooperation across seven cancer types. While the connectivity of downstream effectors, like metabolic genes and TF targets, were more or similarly disrupted than/with non-TFs, the cooperativity of TFs (upstream regulators) were consistently less disturbed in all studied cancer types. Highly coordinated TFs in normal, however, generally lost that cooperation in cancer. Although different types of cancer shared very few TF pairs with highly disrupted cooperation, the cooperativity of interferon regulatory factors (IRF) was highly disrupted in six cancer types. Specifically, the cooperativity of IRF8 was highly perturbed in lung cancer, which was further validated by two independent lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) and lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) datasets. More interestingly, the cooperativity of IRF8 was markedly associated with tumor progression and even contributed to the patient survival independent of tumor stage. Conclusions Our findings underscore the far more important role of TF cooperativity in tumorigenesis than previously appreciated. Disrupted cooperation of TFs provides potential clinical utility as prognostic markers for predicting the patient survival. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-016-2842-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Center for Quantitative Sciences, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Qi Liu
- Center for Quantitative Sciences, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jingchun Sun
- School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yu Shyr
- Center for Quantitative Sciences, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA. .,Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA. .,Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.
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67
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Cochran RL, Cidado J, Kim M, Zabransky DJ, Croessmann S, Chu D, Wong HY, Beaver JA, Cravero K, Erlanger B, Parsons H, Heaphy CM, Meeker AK, Lauring J, Park BH. Functional isogenic modeling of BRCA1 alleles reveals distinct carrier phenotypes. Oncotarget 2016; 6:25240-51. [PMID: 26246475 PMCID: PMC4694828 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical genetic testing of BRCA1 and BRCA2 is commonly performed to identify specific individuals at risk for breast and ovarian cancers who may benefit from prophylactic therapeutic interventions. Unfortunately, it is evident that deleterious BRCA1 alleles demonstrate variable penetrance and that many BRCA1 variants of unknown significance (VUS) exist. In order to further refine hereditary risks that may be associated with specific BRCA1 alleles, we performed gene targeting to establish an isogenic panel of immortalized human breast epithelial cells harboring eight clinically relevant BRCA1 alleles. Interestingly, BRCA1 mutations and VUS had distinct, quantifiable phenotypes relative to isogenic parental BRCA1 wild type cells and controls. Heterozygous cells with known deleterious BRCA1 mutations (185delAG, C61G and R71G) demonstrated consistent phenotypes in radiation sensitivity and genomic instability assays, but showed variability in other assays. Heterozygous BRCA1 VUS cells also demonstrated assay variability, with some VUS demonstrating phenotypes more consistent with deleterious alleles. Taken together, our data suggest that BRCA1 deleterious mutations and VUS can differ in their range of tested phenotypes, suggesting they might impart varying degrees of risk. These results demonstrate that functional isogenic modeling of BRCA1 alleles could aid in classifying BRCA1 mutations and VUS, and determining BRCA allele cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rory L Cochran
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Minsoo Kim
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Daniel J Zabransky
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sarah Croessmann
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David Chu
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hong Yuen Wong
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Julia A Beaver
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Karen Cravero
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Bracha Erlanger
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Heather Parsons
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Christopher M Heaphy
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alan K Meeker
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Josh Lauring
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ben Ho Park
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,The Whiting School of Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Ogino M, Ichimura M, Nakano N, Minami A, Kitagishi Y, Matsuda S. Roles of PTEN with DNA Repair in Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17060954. [PMID: 27314344 PMCID: PMC4926487 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17060954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is considered to play key roles in aging and pathogenesis of many neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s disease, which could bring DNA damage by cells. The DNA damage may lead to the cell apoptosis, which could contribute to the degeneration of neuronal tissues. Recent evidence suggests that PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog on chromosome 10) may be involved in the pathophysiology of the neurodegenerative disorders. Since PTEN expression appears to be one dominant determinant of the neuronal cell death, PTEN should be a potential molecular target of novel therapeutic strategies against Parkinson’s disease. In addition, defects in DNA damage response and DNA repair are often associated with modulation of hormone signaling pathways. Especially, many observations imply a role for estrogen in a regulation of the DNA repair action. In the present review, we have attempted to summarize the function of DNA repair molecules at a viewpoint of the PTEN signaling pathway and the hormone related functional modulation of cells, providing a broad interpretation on the molecular mechanisms for treatment of Parkinson’s disease. Particular attention will be paid to the mechanisms proposed to explain the health effects of food ingredients against Parkinson’s disease related to reduce oxidative stress for an efficient therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mako Ogino
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women's University, Kita-Uoya Nishimachi, Nara 630-8506, Japan.
| | - Mayuko Ichimura
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women's University, Kita-Uoya Nishimachi, Nara 630-8506, Japan.
| | - Noriko Nakano
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women's University, Kita-Uoya Nishimachi, Nara 630-8506, Japan.
| | - Akari Minami
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women's University, Kita-Uoya Nishimachi, Nara 630-8506, Japan.
| | - Yasuko Kitagishi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women's University, Kita-Uoya Nishimachi, Nara 630-8506, Japan.
| | - Satoru Matsuda
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women's University, Kita-Uoya Nishimachi, Nara 630-8506, Japan.
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69
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De Picciotto N, Cacheux W, Roth A, Chappuis PO, Labidi-Galy SI. Ovarian cancer: Status of homologous recombination pathway as a predictor of drug response. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2016; 101:50-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2016.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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Schiewer MJ, Knudsen KE. Linking DNA Damage and Hormone Signaling Pathways in Cancer. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2016; 27:216-225. [PMID: 26944914 PMCID: PMC4808434 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2016.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Revised: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
DNA damage response and repair (DDR) is a tightly controlled process that serves as a barrier to tumorigenesis. Consequently, DDR is frequently altered in human malignancy, and can be exploited for therapeutic gain either through molecularly targeted therapies or as a consequence of therapeutic agents that induce genotoxic stress. In select tumor types, steroid hormones and cognate receptors serve as major drivers of tumor development/progression, and as such are frequently targets of therapeutic intervention. Recent evidence suggests that the existence of crosstalk mechanisms linking the DDR machinery and hormone signaling pathways cooperate to influence both cancer progression and therapeutic response. These underlying mechanisms and their implications for cancer management will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Schiewer
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, 233 S 10th St Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, 233 S 10th St Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Karen E Knudsen
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, 233 S 10th St Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, 233 S 10th St Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; Department of Urology, Thomas Jefferson University, 233 S 10th St Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, 233 S 10th St Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
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71
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Schaefer MH, Serrano L. Cell type-specific properties and environment shape tissue specificity of cancer genes. Sci Rep 2016; 6:20707. [PMID: 26856619 PMCID: PMC4746590 DOI: 10.1038/srep20707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the biggest mysteries in cancer research remains why mutations in certain genes cause cancer only at specific sites in the human body. The poor correlation between the expression level of a cancer gene and the tissues in which it causes malignant transformations raises the question of which factors determine the tissue-specific effects of a mutation. Here, we explore why some cancer genes are associated only with few different cancer types (i.e., are specific), while others are found mutated in a large number of different types of cancer (i.e., are general). We do so by contrasting cellular functions of specific-cancer genes with those of general ones to identify properties that determine where in the body a gene mutation is causing malignant transformations. We identified different groups of cancer genes that did not behave as expected (i.e., DNA repair genes being tissue specific, immune response genes showing a bimodal specificity function or strong association of generally expressed genes to particular cancers). Analysis of these three groups demonstrates the importance of environmental impact for understanding why certain cancer genes are only involved in the development of some cancer types but are rarely found mutated in other types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin H Schaefer
- EMBL/CRG Systems Biology Research Unit, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luis Serrano
- EMBL/CRG Systems Biology Research Unit, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona, Spain.,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Pg. Lluís Companys 23, Barcelona, Spain
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Abstract
Oestrogens exert important effects on the reproductive as well as many other organ systems in both men and women. The history of the discovery of oestrogens, the mechanisms of their synthesis, and their therapeutic applications are very important components of the fabric of endocrinology. These aspects provide the rationale for highlighting several key components of this story. Two investigators, Edward Doisy and Alfred Butenandt, purified and crystalized oestrone nearly simultaneously in 1929, and Doisy later discovered oestriol and oestradiol. Butenandt won the Nobel Prize for this work and Doisy's had to await his purification of vitamin K. Early investigators quickly recognized that oestrogens must be synthesized from androgens and later investigators called this process aromatization. The aromatase enzyme was then characterized, its mechanism determined, and its structure identified after successful crystallization. With the development of knock-out methodology, the precise effects of oestrogen in males and females were defined and clinical syndromes of deficiency and excess described. Their discovery ultimately led to the development of oral contraceptives, treatment of menopausal symptoms, therapies for breast cancer, and induction of fertility, among others. The history of the use of oestrogens for postmenopausal women to relieve symptoms has been characterized by cyclic periods of enthusiasm and concern. The individuals involved in these studies, the innovative thinking required, and the detailed understanding made possible by evolving biologic and molecular techniques provide many lessons for current endocrinologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan Simpson
- Hudson Institute of Medical ResearchClayton, Victoria 3168, AustraliaDivision of Endocrinology and MetabolismDepartment of Medicine, University of Virginia Health Sciences System, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908-1416, USA
| | - Richard J Santen
- Hudson Institute of Medical ResearchClayton, Victoria 3168, AustraliaDivision of Endocrinology and MetabolismDepartment of Medicine, University of Virginia Health Sciences System, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908-1416, USA
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Beirne JP, Irwin GW, McIntosh SA, Harley IJG, Harkin DP. The molecular and genetic basis of inherited cancer risk in gynaecology. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/tog.12213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James P Beirne
- Northern Ireland Gynaecological Cancer Centre; Belfast City Hospital; Belfast Health and Social Care Trust; Belfast, Northern Ireland and Gynaecological Cancer Research Focus Group; Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology; Queens University; Belfast Northern Ireland
| | - Gareth W Irwin
- Northern Ireland Regional Breast Unit, Belfast City Hospital; Belfast Health and Social Care Trust; Belfast; Northern Ireland and Breast Cancer Research Focus Group; Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology; Queens University; Belfast Northern Ireland
| | - Stuart A McIntosh
- Northern Ireland Regional Breast Unit, Belfast City Hospital; Belfast Health and Social Care Trust; Belfast; Northern Ireland and Breast Cancer Research Focus Group; Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology; Queens University; Belfast Northern Ireland
| | - Ian JG Harley
- Northern Ireland Gynaecological Cancer Centre; Belfast City Hospital; Belfast Health and Social Care Trust; Belfast, Northern Ireland and Gynaecological Cancer Research Focus Group; Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology; Queens University; Belfast Northern Ireland
| | - D Paul Harkin
- Breast Cancer Research Focus Group; Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology; Queens University; Belfast Northern Ireland
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74
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Berstein LM. Cancer endocrinology: noticeable developments in the last decade. Future Oncol 2015; 11:2617-2620. [DOI: 10.2217/fon.15.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lev M Berstein
- Lab. Oncoendocrinology, NN Petrov Research Institute of Oncology, Pesochny-2, St Petersburg 197758, Russia
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75
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Suba Z. DNA stabilization by the upregulation of estrogen signaling in BRCA gene mutation carriers. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2015; 9:2663-75. [PMID: 26028963 PMCID: PMC4440422 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s84437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Currently available scientific evidence erroneously suggests that mutagenic weakness or loss of the BRCA1/2 genes may liberate the proliferative effects of estrogen signaling, which provokes DNA damage and genomic instability. Conversely, BRCA mutation seems to be an imbalanced defect, crudely inhibiting the upregulation of estrogen receptor expression and liganded transcriptional activity, whereas estrogen receptor-repressor functions become predominant. In BRCA-proficient cases, estrogen signaling orchestrates the activity of cell proliferation and differentiation with high safety, while upregulating the expression and DNA-stabilizing impact of BRCA genes. In turn, BRCA proteins promote estrogen signaling by proper estrogen synthesis via CYP19 gene regulation and by induction of the appropriate expression and transcriptional activity of estrogen receptors. In this exquisitely organized regulatory system, the dysfunction of each player may jeopardize genome stability and lead to severe chronic diseases, such as cancer development. Female organs, such as breast, endometrium, and ovary, exhibiting regular cyclic proliferative activity are particularly vulnerable in case of disturbances in either estrogen signaling or BRCA-mediated DNA repair. BRCA mutation carrier women may apparently be healthy or exhibit clinical signs of deficient estrogen signaling in spite of hyperestrogenism. Even women who enjoy sufficient compensatory DNA-defending activities are at risk of tumor development because many endogenous and environmental factors may jeopardize the mechanisms of extreme compensatory processes. Natural estrogens have numerous benefits in tumor prevention and therapy even in BRCA mutation carriers. There are no toxic effects even in sky-high doses and all physiologic cellular functions are strongly upregulated, while malignant tumor cells are recognized and killed in a Janus-faced manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsuzsanna Suba
- Surgical and Molecular Tumor Pathology Centre, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
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76
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Mathew LK, Huangyang P, Mucaj V, Lee SS, Skuli N, Eisinger-Mathason TSK, Biju K, Li B, Venneti S, Lal P, Lathia JD, Rich JN, Keith B, Simon MC. Feedback circuitry between miR-218 repression and RTK activation in glioblastoma. Sci Signal 2015; 8:ra42. [PMID: 25943352 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2005978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) signaling promotes the growth and progression of glioblastoma (GBM), a highly aggressive type of brain tumor. We previously reported that decreased miR-218 expression in GBM directly promotes RTK activity by increasing the expression of key RTKs and their signaling mediators, including the RTK epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), phospholipase C-γ1 (PLCγ1), and the kinases PIK3CA and ARAF. However, increased RTK signaling usually activates negative feedback mechanisms to maintain homeostasis. We found that decreased miR-218 expression in GBM cells also increased the expression of genes encoding additional upstream and downstream components of RTK signaling pathways, including the RTK platelet-derived growth factor receptor α (PDGFRα) and the kinases ribosomal S6 kinase 2 (RSK2) and S6 kinase 1 (S6K1), that collectively overrode the negative feedback mechanism. Furthermore, increased RTK signaling itself suppressed miR-218 expression. Mass spectrometry and DNA pull-down identified binding of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) along with the transcriptional repressor BCL2-associated transcription factor 1 (BCLAF1) directly to the miR-218 locus. These data identify previously unknown feedback loops by which miR-218 repression promotes increased RTK signaling in high-grade gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijoy K Mathew
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Peiwei Huangyang
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Vera Mucaj
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Samuel S Lee
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Nicolas Skuli
- INSERM U1037, Institut Claudius Regaud, 20-24 Rue du Pont Saint-Pierre, 31059 Toulouse, France
| | | | - Kevin Biju
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Bo Li
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sriram Venneti
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institut Claudius Regaud, 31059 Toulouse, France
| | - Priti Lal
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institut Claudius Regaud, 31059 Toulouse, France
| | - Justin D Lathia
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Jeremy N Rich
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Brian Keith
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - M Celeste Simon
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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77
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Hatchi E, Skourti-Stathaki K, Ventz S, Pinello L, Yen A, Kamieniarz-Gdula K, Dimitrov S, Pathania S, McKinney KM, Eaton ML, Kellis M, Hill SJ, Parmigiani G, Proudfoot NJ, Livingston DM. BRCA1 recruitment to transcriptional pause sites is required for R-loop-driven DNA damage repair. Mol Cell 2015; 57:636-647. [PMID: 25699710 PMCID: PMC4351672 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2015.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 331] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Revised: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms contributing to transcription-associated genomic instability are both complex and incompletely understood. Although R-loops are normal transcriptional intermediates, they are also associated with genomic instability. Here, we show that BRCA1 is recruited to R-loops that form normally over a subset of transcription termination regions. There it mediates the recruitment of a specific, physiological binding partner, senataxin (SETX). Disruption of this complex led to R-loop-driven DNA damage at those loci as reflected by adjacent γ-H2AX accumulation and ssDNA breaks within the untranscribed strand of relevant R-loop structures. Genome-wide analysis revealed widespread BRCA1 binding enrichment at R-loop-rich termination regions (TRs) of actively transcribed genes. Strikingly, within some of these genes in BRCA1 null breast tumors, there are specific insertion/deletion mutations located close to R-loop-mediated BRCA1 binding sites within TRs. Thus, BRCA1/SETX complexes support a DNA repair mechanism that addresses R-loop-based DNA damage at transcriptional pause sites. Endogenous BRCA1 and senataxin (SETX) interact in a BRCA1-driven process BRCA1/SETX complexes are recruited to R-loop-associated termination regions (TRs) BRCA1/SETX complexes suppress transcriptional DNA damage arising at nearby R-loops BRCA1 breast cancers reveal indel mutations near BRCA1 TR binding regions
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Hatchi
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | | | - Steffen Ventz
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Luca Pinello
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Angela Yen
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (CSAIL), MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | - Stoil Dimitrov
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Shailja Pathania
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Kristine M McKinney
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Matthew L Eaton
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (CSAIL), MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Manolis Kellis
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (CSAIL), MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Sarah J Hill
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Giovanni Parmigiani
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - David M Livingston
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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78
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Savage KI, Harkin DP. BRCA1, a 'complex' protein involved in the maintenance of genomic stability. FEBS J 2014; 282:630-46. [PMID: 25400280 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Revised: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BRCA1 is a major breast and ovarian cancer susceptibility gene, with mutations in this gene predisposing women to a very high risk of developing breast and ovarian tumours. BRCA1 primarily functions to maintain genomic stability via critical roles in DNA repair, cell cycle checkpoint control, transcriptional regulation, apoptosis and mRNA splicing. As a result, BRCA1 mutations often result in defective DNA repair, genomic instability and sensitivity to DNA damaging agents. BRCA1 carries out these different functions through its ability to interact, and form complexes with, a vast array of proteins involved in multiple cellular processes, all of which are considered to contribute to its function as a tumour suppressor. This review discusses and highlights recent research into the functions of BRCA1-related protein complexes and their roles in maintaining genomic stability and tumour suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kienan I Savage
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, UK
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79
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Pathania S, Bade S, Le Guillou M, Burke K, Reed R, Bowman-Colin C, Su Y, Ting DT, Polyak K, Richardson AL, Feunteun J, Garber JE, Livingston DM. BRCA1 haploinsufficiency for replication stress suppression in primary cells. Nat Commun 2014; 5:5496. [PMID: 25400221 PMCID: PMC4243249 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BRCA1—a breast and ovarian cancer suppressor gene—promotes genome integrity. To study the functionality of BRCA1 in the heterozygous state, we established a collection of primary human BRCA1+/+ and BRCA1mut/+ mammary epithelial cells and fibroblasts. Here we report that all BRCA1mut/+ cells exhibited multiple normal BRCA1 functions, including the support of homologous recombination- type double-strand break repair (HR-DSBR), checkpoint functions, centrosome number control, spindle pole formation, Slug expression and satellite RNA suppression. In contrast, the same cells were defective in stalled replication fork repair and/or suppression of fork collapse, that is, replication stress. These defects were rescued by reconstituting BRCA1mut/+ cells with wt BRCA1. In addition, we observed ‘conditional’ haploinsufficiency for HR-DSBR in BRCA1mut/+ cells in the face of replication stress. Given the importance of replication stress in epithelial cancer development and of an HR defect in breast cancer pathogenesis, both defects are candidate contributors to tumorigenesis in BRCA1-deficient mammary tissue. BRCA1 is a key breast and ovarian cancer suppressor involved in DSB repair. Here, the authors show that cells heterozygous for several BRCA1 mutations are universally defective in the response to replication stress, which could contribute to the BRCA1 breast cancer development pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shailja Pathania
- 1] Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA [2] Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Sangeeta Bade
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Morwenna Le Guillou
- Stabilité Génétique et Oncogenèse, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS-UMR8200, Gustave-Roussy, Villejuif 94805, France
| | - Karly Burke
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Rachel Reed
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Christian Bowman-Colin
- 1] Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA [2] Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Ying Su
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - David T Ting
- 1] Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA [2] Department of Hematology/Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
| | - Kornelia Polyak
- 1] Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA [2] Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Andrea L Richardson
- 1] Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA [2] Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis St, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Jean Feunteun
- Stabilité Génétique et Oncogenèse, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS-UMR8200, Gustave-Roussy, Villejuif 94805, France
| | - Judy E Garber
- 1] Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA [2] Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - David M Livingston
- 1] Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA [2] Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
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80
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Wang H, Lu C, Tan Y, Xie J, Jiang J. Effect of adriamycin on BRCA1 and PARP-1 expression in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2014; 7:5909-5915. [PMID: 25337234 PMCID: PMC4203205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
To study the effects of adriamycin on the expression of BRCA1 and PARP-1 in BRCA1 wild-type MCF-7 cells. We used Western blotting to detect BRCA1 and PARP-1 levels in MCF-7 cells treated with adriamycin, and used flow cytometry to detect apoptotic MCF-7 cells. Results showed that adriamycin can increase PARP-1 activation in a dose- and time-dependent manner. BRCA1 levels were also increased upon treatment with a high dose of adriamycin, but gradually decreased over time. Treatment of MCF-7 cells with 3-ABA inhibited PARP-1 activity, but had no effect on BRCA1 levels. Compared to adriamycin and 3-ABA treatment alone, the co-treatment can increase the apoptosis of MCF-7 cells. Compared to BRCA1-defective HCC1937 cells, adriamycin combined with 3-ABA can further induce apoptosis of MCF-7 cells (P < 0.05). All of these suggested that adriamycin can affect the PARP-1 activation and the expression of BRCA1. Combined with 3-ABA has an additive effect on the rate of apoptosis observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University185 Juqian Street, Changzhou 213003, P. R. China
| | - Changqing Lu
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University185 Juqian Street, Changzhou 213003, P. R. China
| | - Yan Tan
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University185 Juqian Street, Changzhou 213003, P. R. China
| | - Jun Xie
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University185 Juqian Street, Changzhou 213003, P. R. China
| | - Jingting Jiang
- Department of Tumor Biological Treatment, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversityChangzhou 213003, P. R. China
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